Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Terrain Vague'
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Clemens, Adam. "Remaking the terrain vague." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5606.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This paper serves as a pretext to the resulting architectural project and traces the progression of the design process born from the entry point of this thesis, of a site. It portrays an attempt to conceive a considered methodology for approaching architectural design. Thus this dissertation traces the unexpected route from conception to product. The experimentations and research direct, divert and redirect the trajectory of the design process with the intention of creating an investigation that is hopefully personal, rich and most certainly not predetermined.
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M, Ho-Tong. "Rupturing the terrain vague." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6574.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis started with the above statement made by Jean Nouvel in conversation with Jean Baudrillard on the metamorphosis of architecture. This project set out as both a manifestation of the above philosophy, using it as an approach towards making architecture, and as an exploration to test whether architecture can really achieve this - to create a human appreciation of what is, of what is not plainly seen and of existing in space and in a built world which exists with respect to a geological layer applied to all cities across the earth. In this thesis, architecture is explored as a tool for revelation; specifically of existing situations and scenarios in the built world which are overlooked or unappreciated.
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Chan, Bui-sze Suzanne. "Consuming the terrain vague TDC Design Gallery flagship store." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31986973.
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Chan, Bui-sze Suzanne, and 陳貝詩. "Consuming the terrain vague TDC Design Gallery flagship store." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986973.
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O'Loan, Timothy, and Tim OLoan@woodsbagot com au. "Urban Yards: Terraires Vagues of inner northern Melbourne." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080513.142506.
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This Masters of Landscape Architecture investigates the occurrence of small, temporary urban voids in inner northern Melbourne. The study asks whether these spaces operate as Public Domain (Hajer & Reijndorp 2001) and uses the concept of
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Branco, Tiago José Trindade. "Territórios imprecisos: proposta de potencialização do objeto e lugar, Silo de Pavia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28343.
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Partindo duma base prática operativa sobre a Paisagem e Património Industrial de hoje em
devoluto, pretende-se conceber uma base de estudo de relações entre a arquitetura e o "Terrain Vague" (segundo
Solá-Morales) que se apoderam da paisagem alentejana, dominada pontualmente pelos Silos. Estes, enquanto
objeto-contentor, limitam um Vazio especial, cuja formalidade foi determinada pela mecânica associada ao processo
de transformação de produtos. O efeito determinante deste Vazio é o ponto onde a investigação se inicia. Trata-se
assim de territórios Vazios, “descampados” (segundo Abalos&Herreros), que contêm objetos também eles Vazios de
matéria. Sobre isto, ensaia-se uma atuação que procura aprofundar uma prática acerca da intensificação da
arquitetura e do território, da promoção de oportunidade entre novas dinâmicas e formas de resistir à sazonalidade
do tempo e dos usos; ABSTRACT:
Departing from a practical operative basis concerning the devolute Landscape and Industrial
Heritage of today, this dissertation intends to conceive a basis of study of the relations between architecture and the
"Terrain Vague" (according to Solá-Morales) which seize the Alentejo landscape, punctually dominated by the Silos.
These, as object-container, limit a special Void whose formality has been determined by the mechanics associated
with the process of product transformation. The determining effect of this Void is the point where the investigation
begins. They are thus Empty territories, “descampados” (according to Abalos & Herreros), which contain objects also
themselves Voided of matter. With this in mind, we rehearse an appliance which seeks to develop a practice
regarding the intensification of architecture and territory, a promotion of oportunity, new dynamics and ways of
resisting the seasonality of time and uses
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Tiago, Maria Inês Gomes. "AMZA." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13575.
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Raymond, Bryan. "City Uncertain: A Catalytic Vision for Urbanism in Youngstown, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617106430313495.
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Kuffner, Joshua A. "Illuminating the Sublime Ruin." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367941361.
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Herrmann, James B. "Tension of Connection: The Stitching of the Deindustrialized Inner City." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342716023.
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Kinoshita, Yohei, and yohei kinoshita@rmit edu au. "Reconsidering Spaces Left-Over After Planning." RMIT University. Architecture & Design, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090723.113333.
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Suburbs in Melbourne present to us a unique context with which a new approach towards urban form can be devised using the existing conditions and opportunities found with infrastructural developments. This thesis contains the investigations on the various 'pathologies' of the urban fabric specifically on the potential use of 'Spaces Left-Over After Planning' as by-product to infrastructural development in relation to the reinvigoration of Melbourne suburbs under the influence of current and future metropolitan growth pressures. The contents of the research aims to demonstrate the potentials for urban diversification followed by densification using the already inherent characteristics of the selected suburbs (Oakleigh, Waverley and Broadmeadows) to facilitate the metropolitan expansion of Melbourne with the intention of encouraging ways in which suburban fabric can reach its maturity along with new infrastructural developments to foster community engagement.
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Pires, Verónica Alexandra Sequeira. "Arquitecturas expectantes." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11793.
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Santos, Silvia Simões dos. "Espaços urbanos expectantes como oportunidades para a requqlificação entre a cidade e o rio (envolvente da cordoaria)." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3914.
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Tese de Mestrado em ArquitecturaNesta dissertação discute-se o problema dos Vazios Urbanos , actualmente presente em muitas cidades, como hipótese de requalificação e revitalização urbanas. Analisaram-se diversos autores, procurando clarificar o que se entende por Vazio Urbano e como são vistos (ou não) pela sociedade e pela cidade. Nestes espaços esquecidos da cidade, o objectivo essencial consistiu em perceber como recuperá-los e como intervir. Discorre-se sobre as formas como este tipo de espaços apareceram na cidade e se desenvolveram, estabelecendo uma divisão tipológica, sistematizando as diferenças que contêm e como podem ser vistos pela cidade. Procura-se perceber os seus contextos no quadro da área metropolitana de Lisboa e como podem os Vazios Urbanos contribuir para a cidade de Lisboa ganhar habitantes e se tornar mais sustentável. Para poder analisar e perceber estes espaços e como surgiram na cidade em concreto, procedeu-se primeiro a uma investigação histórica das formas do assentamento de Lisboa e a uma análise focada, principalmente, na segunda metade do século XX. Analisou-se como esta cidade se foi alterando e expandindo ao longo do tempo, como evoluiu, que influências sofreu e que consequências urbanísticas causaram o desenvolvimento do porto e dos transportes em Lisboa. Adoptou-se para o desenvolvimento do projecto uma estratégia já usada em diversos casos europeus e em diversas escalas e onde teve sucesso a revitalização do tecido urbano em que se inseriam. Trata-se de uma estratégia de acupunctura urbana, muito decisiva para a reforma da malha urbana em que ocorre. Procurou-se estabelecer um conjunto de pontos de actuação, de modo a permitirem uma recuperação da cidade mais rápida, com melhores condições de vida ao poderem prestar apoio não só a nível de bairro mas também a toda a cidade ou a uma grande parte dela, pois distribuem-se ao longo da mesma, paralelamente ao rio. As intervenções nestes espaços focam-se nas necessidades do local onde se situam.
ABSTRACT - The main topic discussed in this thesis is the urban voids problem. Currently we can find this problem in many cities and, rather than problems, they can be seen as an urban regeneration opportunity. In order to clarify what we understand as urban void, how are they seen by society and the city, several thesis from different authors were analyzed. In these forgotten spaces the main goal was to understand how can we act and regenerate them. It is also discussed the different ways that these spaces arise in the city and how they have been developed. With this base it is tried to establish a typology division, regarding the differences between them and the several ways they can be seen by the city. Special emphasis was made in understanding the urban voids in the Lisbon Metropolitan area and how could they work in order to help the city to recover population and be more sustainable. In order to analyze and understand these spaces and how they emerged in this particular city, a historical research was made concerning the several settlements types that happened in Lisbon and focusing mainly in the second half of the twentieth century. Different aspects of Lisbon were also studied, how this city hás changed in the course of history, what were the main influences, what urban consequences caused the development of the port and the different transportation methods. For the development of the project a well known strategy used in different projects in Europe concerning very different scales where the urban tissue regeneration was well succeeded was applied. This strategy is known as urban acupuncture , crucial for the regeneration of the urban tissue where it occurred. This technique consist in establishing a set of intervention spaces in order to allow faster urban regeneration. The technique seeks to find a balance in where to get better life conditions by giving equipment not just in a neighborhood level, but also to the whole in the surrounding area since they are distributed all around, in a parallel axis to the river, and in some cases even the whole city.
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Hoebbel, John Marshall. "The View From Below: Encountering Urban 'Lost Space'." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1245767184.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.Advisor: Vincent Sansalone. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 3, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: infrastructure; terrain; vague; lost; space; levee; river; architecture; marginal; bridge; covington. Includes bibliographical references.
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Konovalova, Elizaveta. "K." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLET031/document.
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Ce projet de thèse n’a jamais eu de sujet de recherche à proprement parler, mais plutôt un objet, un point d’ancrage, une attache géographique que j’ai choisi pour graviter autour: Kaliningrad. Anciennement partie de la Prusse Orientale, la région revient à l’URSS en 1945 à l’issue de la Seconde guerre mondiale, lorsque cette province allemande est divisée entre trois pays: l’URSS, la Lituanie et la Pologne. Sa capitale, Königsberg, est alors renommée Kaliningrad, en référence à Mikhaïl Kalinine, un des collaborateurs de Staline. En 1991, quand le bloc soviétique éclate, la région se retrouve séparée du territoire principal de la Russie par deux frontières. Désormais, c’est une enclave russe au milieu de l’Europe de l’Est.Les conflits qui agitent ce lieu encore aujourd’hui sont mis à nu. Tel un champ retourné, il expose un paysage irrégulier, dévoilant simultanément plusieurs couches de son histoire, où les vestiges de l’architecture prussienne et les attributs d’une ville soviétique type se côtoient dans un patchwork aux contrastes improbables. L’éloignement géographique du reste de le Russie, ainsi que son passé hanté par les sujets tabous ont provoqué un délaissement progressif de ce territoire à tous niveaux. Le paysage citadin et rural subissent le même sort, l’abandon.Aujourd’hui Kaliningrad représente au sein de l’Europe une zone qui échappe à la règle, une anomalie, un tiers paysage. Immergé dans un état d’incertitude prolongée quant à son statut et à son devenir, ce territoire évolue suivant ses lois propres, dans l’absence de volonté commune. En l’espace de 70 ans, la frontière dessinée sur une carte d’un territoire uni, s’ancre dans le paysage et devient une scission réelle qui délimite un autre type de civilisation. L’effet de serre qui s’est produit avec l’isolement de ce territoire par rapport à son milieu historique a favorisé l’émergence d’un environnement singulier: passée la frontière, nous avançons dans la réserve de la vieille Europe en friche.Avec Andrei Erofeev, historien d’art de Moscou, nous avons cherché ensemble à comprendre ce phénomène. Il s’agissait pour nous de regarder le paysage de Kaliningrad comme le résultat d’un conflit persistant entre 7 discours – différents types de perception de ce même territoire, qui régissent la relation et le comportement de ses propre habitants. Le sujet nous a ainsi conduits vers une étude multivoque et protéiforme, impliquant notamment un travail d’archives, mais surtout une expérience du territoire réelle, le travail de terrain, nourri de déplacements, d’observations et de rencontres.Mon projet de thèse, K, est issu de ce processus de réflexion et propose une forme de visualisation et d’interprétation plastique de cette recherche. La figure centrale y est celle du terrain vague, empreint successivement de la tentative de table rase du passé européen et du fiasco que connait ici le projet soviétique. C’est un lieu réel et en même temps métaphorique: le cœur de la capitale de la région et à la fois le modèle réduit de l’enclave de Kaliningrad.Les images obtenues via diverses formes d’arpentage du territoire, tendent, d’une part, à en donner une vision d’ensemble, où l’on devine le paysage d’avant, désassemblé. D’autre part, le projet déploie 7 narrations parallèles, constituées d’images et de mots, dédiées au paysage d’après coup.Le projet se partage en deux formes: l’édition et l’exposition, cette dernière étant composée à la fois d’œuvres conçues à partir de la matière documentaire collectée sur place et à distance et passée par un montage, ainsi que de documents bruts. Par ce montage d’éléments trouvés, j’ai essayé d’échapper à la chronologie historique pour proposer un récit qui s’articule autrement – par correspondances et analogies visuelles, par échos et répétitions intertemporelles, par anticipations et rattrapages. L’édition joue le rôle d’introduction sinon d’annexe de l’exposition, le projet se découvre ainsi en deux temps, intervertiblesThis project has never had a research subject as such, but rather an object, an anchor point, a geographical attachment that I chose to gravitate around - Kaliningrad.Formerly part of East Prussia, the region became part of the USSR in 1945 after the end of the Second World War, when this German province was divided between three countries: the USSR, Lithuania and Poland. Its capital, Königsberg, was then renamed Kaliningrad, after Mikhail Kalinin, a collaborator of Stalin. In 1991, when the Soviet bloc broke, the region found itself in the far west of Russia, separated from its mainland by two borders. Henceforth, it is an enclave in the middle of Eastern Europe.The conflicts that agitate this place today are exposed. As a returned field, it shows an uneven landscape, simultaneously revealing several layers of its history - vestiges of the Prussian medieval architecture, and attributes of a typical Soviet town come together in an unlikely patchwork of contrasts. The remoteness of the region from the rest of Russia and it’s past haunted by all sorts of taboos caused gradual abandonment of the territory – cities as well as the countryside suffer the same fate. Today the Kaliningrad region within Europe represents an area exempt from the rules, an anomaly, a "third landscape". Immersed in a prolonged state of uncertainty as to its status and its future, the area evolves according to its own laws, governed by the lack of common will. Thus, in 70 years, the frontier roughly drawn on a map of a united territory, took roots within the landscape and became a real split that delimits another type of civilization. The accidental “greenhouse effect” occurred with the isolation of this territory from its historical environment helped the emergence of a singular landscape: after the border we enter the reserve of the old Europe in decay.Together with Andrei Erofeev, art historian based in Moscow, we tried to understand this phenomenon. We started to consider the landscape of Kaliningrad as the result of a persistent conflict between seven discourses - different types of perception of this same territory that influences the behaviour of its own inhabitants. The theme led us to a multidisciplinary study, involving archival survey, but mostly based on the experience of the territory itself, the fieldwork, guided by displacements, observations and encounters.My thesis, “K”, proposes a form of visualization and plastic interpretation of this research. The central figure in it is the wasteland, imprinted successively by the attempt of tabula rasa of the European past and the fiasco of the Soviet project. The wasteland is a real and also a metaphorical place – it occupies the heart of the capital of the region since several decades and at the same time it represents a reduced model of the entire enclave of Kaliningrad.The images of various forms of surveying the territory tend, on the one hand, to give an overview, where we may guess the previous landscape, disassembled. On the other hand, seven parallel narratives, build with found images and words, express the afterwards landscape. The project is divided in two forms, two phases of reading - the edition and the exhibition, composed of art works based on the montage of documentary material collected on site and remotely, as well as documents shown as such.By assembling found elements I tried to avoid historical chronology and create a narrative articulated differently - through correspondences and visual analogies, anticipations and catch-ups, echoes and cross-temporal repetitions. The edition functions as an introduction or the annex of the exhibition; the project is thus set in two interchangeable stages
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Robbe-Saule, Manon. "Modélisation expérimentale de génération de tsunami par effondrement granulaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS497/document.
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Des événements géologiques passés ont montré que les glissements de terrain, près des côtes, impliquant des volumes de quelques milliers de mètre cube à plusieurs centaines de kilomètres cube, peuvent provoquer des vagues de tsunami d’une amplitude considérable. La vague générée et l’effondrement représentent tous deux un danger important pour la population et les infrastructures situées sur ou proche des côtes. Une modélisation réaliste nécessite de tenir compte de la nature granulaire du glissement de terrain. Nous avons développé dans ce travail de thèse, une série d’expériences de laboratoire à petite échelle, pour étudier en détail le processus de génération de vague par l’effondrement d’une colonne granulaire, initialement sèche, dans l’eau. Tout un ensemble de paramètres est testé : (1) la masse granulaire impliquée (hauteur, volume, rapport d’aspect, granulométrie et densité), (2) la hauteur d’eau et (3) la configuration géométrique (plan horizontal ou plan incliné). Des expériences quasi-bidimensionnelle en canal rectangulaire, permettent d’enregistrer à la fois l’évolution temporelle de l’effondrement granulaire et celle de la surface libre de l’eau. Nous montrons que le processus de génération des vagues est piloté par la dynamique collective de l’effondrement des grains à la surface de l’eau. Nous identifions une dépendance linéaire claire entre l’amplitude relative de la vague principale et un nombre de Froude défini comme le rapport des vitesses d’avancée du front granulaire et de la vague solitaire. En particulier, l’amplitude de la vague atteint sa valeur maximale pour une profondeur d’eau intermédiaire. Le transfert d’énergie global a montré que seulement quelques pourcents de l’énergie potentielle initiale de la colonne sont transférés à la vague, issus notamment d’une perte d’énergie considérable dans l’effondrement granulaire lui-même. Enfin, nous soulignons la faible influence du diamètre et de la masse volumique des grains dans la génération de la vague. Cela suggère que la masse de l’effondrement est de faible importance par rapport à son volume. Un autre résultat intéressant est la dépendance linéaire de l’amplitude relative de la vague avec le volume immergé du dépôt final. Cette loi nous permet d’estimer l’amplitude de la vague pour des événements passés et potentiels. Malgré les échelles, géométries diverses et variées de ces événements, et l’incertitude des données, cette loi empirique provenant de notre expérience à petite échelle prédit des vagues similaires à d’autres modèles numériques ou expérimentauxVarious past geological events have shown that landslides near coastlines, involving volumes from a few thousand cubic meters to several cubic kilometers, can lead to tsunami waves with significant amplitude. The generated wave and the collapse both represent an important hazard for the population and infrastructure located on or near the coast. Realistic modeling requires considering the granular nature of landslides. Here, we developed a new set of small-scale laboratory experiments to investigate in detail the wave generated by the collapse of an aerial granular column into water. An entire set of parameters are tested: (1) the falling granular mass (height, volume, aspect ratio, grain size and density), (2) the water layer height and (3) the geometrical configuration (horizontal or inclined plane). From quasi-bidimensional experiments in a rectangular channel we record both the time evolution of the granular collapse and of the generated wave. We show that the wave generation process is driven by the collective dynamics of the granular collapse at the water free surface. We identify a clear linear dependence between the relative wave amplitude and a Froude number defined as the ratio of the granular front velocity and the solitary wave velocity. The wave amplitude reaches its maximum value at an intermediate water depth. The total energy transfer shows that only a few percent of the initial potential energy of the column is transferred to the wave, suggesting a considerable energy loss in the granular collapse itself. Finally, we highlight the low influence diameter and density of the falling grain in the generation of the wave. This suggests that the mass of the collapse is of low importance compared to its volume. Another interesting result is the linear dependence of the relative wave amplitude with the relative immersed volume of the final deposit. This allows us to estimate the wave amplitude generated by past or potential events in Nature. Despite the various scales and geometries of these natural events, and the uncertainty of the data, our empirical law, from our small-scale experiment, predicts waves similar to other numerical or experimental models
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Simões, Ana Rita Barreto. "Do terrain vague ao desenho de ecossistemas urbanos - planeamento ecológico da vegetação urbana. Caso prático: Arborinho e Espaço envolvente do antigo Gabinete Real de História Natural da Ajuda, Jardim Botânico da Ajuda." Master's thesis, ISA, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19538.
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Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaA presente dissertação reflete sobre o terreno vago (terrain vague) como elemento para a compreensão do conceito de natureza nas cidades e um novo olhar sobre o planeamento da vegetação nos projetos de arquitetura paisagista. Inicialmente, é apresentada uma panorâmica sobre a condição de paisagem abandonada e sobre as potencialidades estéticas e ecológicas do terreno vago que integra esta tipologia de paisagem. A atenção dada ao domínio biológico nos terrenos vagos mudou, a nível estético e ecológico, o entendimento da paisagem contemporânea e da vegetação urbana na arquitetura paisagista atual. Esta mudança está relacionada com a nova estratégia de planeamento da vegetação, que está focada na gestão dinâmica da vegetação urbana e segue princípios ecológicos e estéticos naturalistas. De seguida, é analisado brevemente o contexto histórico do projeto ecológico naturalista, cujas abordagens mais contemporâneas mostram relação com três momentos: em primeiro, o jardim impressionista na Europa do século XIX, que pretendia trazer a imagem de espontaneidade para o jardim; em segundo, a introdução da ecologia vegetal como princípio de desenho para a naturalidade das paisagens; em terceiro, o reconhecimento de terrenos abandonados como espaços onde novos ecossistemas evoluem criando uma nova natureza espontânea urbana. Para fundamentar o caso prático, sistematizou-se alguns princípios de design do projeto ecológico naturalista, analisando de que forma os conceitos ecológicos são explorados em arquitetura paisagista. Em especial o conceito de comunidade vegetal que é recuperado para descrever plantações compostas, em todo o processo criativo desde o conceito até à gestão. Por último, exploram-se os princípios de design do projeto ecológico, aplicando-os numa proposta de reabilitação do espaço envolvente do antigo Gabinete Real de História Natural da Ajuda. A proposta assenta na reabilitação deste antigo espaço museológico, dividida em três fases, com detalhe para o espaço Arborinho
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Rennó, Raquel. "Espações residuais: análise dos desejos como elementos comunicacionais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4986.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-03Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The concepts of residual space and terrain vague are appointed by sociological, urban and anthropological studies as important elements in the urban scenario, necessary to make a creative, a break in the official system of the city. Such residual conformation is both material and semiotical (or informational) and is directly linked to the codified systems trying to control it. The higher the rationalization, or the more imposing this action is, the higher is the number of residues created, the higher is entropy. Hence, the notion of residue may be used not only as an adjective to the constitution of the geographical site, but also as a concept of communication, contemplating the possibility of new configurations from fragments of apparently distant texts. This study aims to comprehend the generation and appropriation modes of residues in urban spaces through the relations among language systems, understood as communicational elements. The study is based on the approach of Cultural Semiotics, specifically as regarded in the concepts of semiosphere proposed by Iuri Lotman and of baroque, understood as a means of cultural organization deriving from the proposition established by Severo Sarduy, Alejo Carpentier and Amálio Pinheiro, among others. Based on such concept, we may notice that higher richness and complexity are achieved the higher a system s capability to generate and appropriate communicational residues is. A comparative methodological proposal was established based on this concept, including studies by authors who analyze the communicational relations in urban spaces of Europe and the USA, such as Manuel Delgado, Kevin Lynch, Ignasi de Solà-Morales, Denise Scott-Brown and Brazilian authors like Ermínia Maricato, Lucrécia D´Alessio Ferrara e Nelson Brissac. São Paulo was chosen as the main corpus of our analysis due to its relevance as a Latin-American metropolis and, at the same time, because it possesses elements that allow us to expand the conclusions reached for the comprehension of residual spaces in other big cities. We analyzed over 100 real state advertisements in the city of São Paulo, placed in 2004, to study how the semiotical construction of the physical space of control operates. For the specific study of residual spaces, a field research was carried out in communities belonging to two areas of the city of São Paulo, encompassing the changes suffered during the years 2004 to 2006. Based on the analyses undertaken, it was possible to understand that residues, since they no longer belong to any organized system, are unstable, volatile elements that provide a situation of potentiality and instability, but of availability as well. The distinct ways of appropriating information, spaces and residual objects in the city require an intense capability to adapt and create new language systems which are often ignored in studies that prioritize the context of economic fragility and social exclusion where such systems are inserted
Os conceitos de espaço residual e terrain vague são apontados por estudos sociológicos, urbanísticos e antropológicos como elementos importantes no cenário urbano, necessários para um fazer criativo, um intervalo no sistema oficial da cidade. Esta conformação residual é tanto material quanto semiótica (ou informacional) e existe em relação direta com o sistema codificado que busca seu controle; quanto maior a racionalização ou quanto mais impositiva for esta ação, maior o número de resíduos criados, maior a entropia. Desta forma, a noção de resíduo pode ser utilizada não apenas como adjetivo da constituição do lugar geográfico, mas também como conceito de comunicação, que contempla a possibilidade de novas configurações a partir de fragmentos de textos aparentemente distantes. O presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender os modos de geração e apropriação dos resíduos nos espaços urbanos por meio das relações entre sistemas de linguagens, isto é, entendidos como elementos comunicacionais. O estudo tem como base a abordagem da Semiótica da Cultura, mais especificamente o conceito de Semiosfera proposto por Iuri Lotman, por meio do qual se pode perceber que quanto maior a capacidade de um sistema de gerar e se apropriar dos resíduos comunicacionais, maior riqueza e complexidade se obtém. A partir deste conceito inicial foi estabelecida uma proposta metodológica comparativa com estudos de autores que analisam as relações comunicacionais no espaço urbano em um contexto brasileiro, como Lucrécia Ferrara, Amálio Pinheiro e Nelson Brissac. Para o principal corpus de análise foi escolhida a cidade de São Paulo, por sua relevância como metrópole latino-americana e ao mesmo tempo por possuir elementos que permitem que se ampliem as conclusões obtidas para a compreensão dos espaços residuais em outras grandes cidades. Para o estudo de como opera a construção semiótica do espaço físico de controle foram analisados 100 anúncios de publicidade imobiliária da cidade de São Paulo durante o ano de 2004. Para o estudo específico dos espaços residuais foi realizado um estudo de campo em comunidades presentes em duas áreas da cidade de São Paulo e analisadas as alterações que sofreram durante os anos de 2004 a 2006. A partir das análises realizadas foi possível compreender que os resíduos, por não pertencerem mais a nenhum sistema organizado, são elementos instáveis, movediços. Oferecem uma situação de potencialidade e instabilidade, mas também de disponibilidade. Os distintos modos de se apropriar da informação, dos espaços e objetos residuais na cidade demandam uma intensa capacidade de adaptação e de criação de novos sistemas de linguagem que são muitas vezes ignorados em estudos que priorizam o contexto de fragilidade econômica e exclusão social onde estão inseridos
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PEDATA, Laura. "Unintended Landscapes. Reevaluating the Potential of Residual Landscapes in Tirana’s Future Urban Development Strategies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488254.
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The research is centered on observation, analysis and representation of landscape conditions, processes over time and change, particularly in transitioning countries where cities are subject to fast urban growth and the proliferation of residual spaces, which result in antagonistic and confused landscapes, landscapes of mutation and crisis. Through a study of language and space, the dissertation highlights that what is central, and what is “residual”, is primarily a mechanism of thought, and not solely a mechanism of “space”. Although residual spaces are a result of the rational organization of the urban territory, they have become the opposite of the organized world. Analyzing these landscapes at the micro scale we can learn from the natural order that shapes them and from the way the urbanized territory influences their existence; whilst at the macro scale they appear as scale less fragments, interruptions of the urban fabric that reveal a new urban geography. Their temporary suspension and availability to transformation – but also their unstable, dynamic, heterogeneous and chaotic character - generates an opportunity for designers to reframe the urban design discourse, acknowledging the value of indeterminacy and open-endedness.
In substance, the research intends to offer an extended perspective on the discourse about overlooked residual spaces in contemporary cities, establishing the importance of observation as a fundamental operational tool to approach complex urban phenomena, like the one taking place in Tirana, where Residual Landscapes escape the mechanisms of thought and premeditation. By observing residual space spontaneous occupation strategies, considering the potential of people’s informal approaches to their management, and the possible influence on the urban ecosystem, the research hypothesizes a future open-ended operational mode of urban development. Residual spaces have the potential to become test sites for experimenting new urban landscape management strategies aimed at guaranteeing people’s comfort and health, responding to social needs, and contributing to the restoration of degraded urban ecosystems and the preservation of the environment. A closer observation of abandoned and indefinite spaces under a renewed value system and the definition of new analytical processes, can lead to the reassessment of the role of such spaces within the urban context, considering them as a potential ground for future urban development. Residual Landscapes can become the genesis for possible futures.La presente ricerca è centrata sull’osservazione, l’analisi e la rappresentazione di condizioni e processi del paesaggio in paesi in transizione, dove le città sono caratterizzate da una rapida crescita urbana e dalla proliferazione di spazi residuali i quali, a loro volta, tendono a generare paesaggi antagonisti e confusi, paesaggi del mutamento e della crisi. Attraverso uno studio del linguaggio dello spazio, la dissertazione mette in evidenza che ciò che è “residuale” è principiante un meccanismo del pensiero, e non esclusivamente un meccanismo dello “spazio”. Pur essendo un prodotto dell’organizzazione razionale del territorio urbano, gli spazi residuali sono diventati l’opposto del mondo organizzato. Analizzando questi paesaggi a una scala ravvicinata, è possibile osservare l’ordine naturale che ne influenza forma e carattere, e il modo in cui il territorio urbanizzato ne condiziona l’esistenza stessa; mentre a scala macroscopica appaiono come frammenti senza scala, interruzioni della città che rivelano una nuova geografia urbana. La loro sospensione temporanea e la loro propensione alla trasformazione – ma anche il loro carattere instabile, dinamico, eterogeneo e caotico – costituiscono un’opportunità di riconsiderare la progettazione urbana riconoscendo il valore dell’indeterminatezza. In sostanza la ricerca ha lo scopo di offrire una prospettiva più ampia sul tema degli spazi residuali nelle città contemporanee, stabilendo l’importanza dell’osservazione quale strumento fondamentale per affrontare fenomeni urbani complessi come quello di Tirana, dove i Paesaggi Residuali fuggono i meccanismi del pensiero e della premeditazione. Osservando le strategie di occupazione spontanea degli spazi residuali, considerando il potenziale degli approcci informali adottati dagli individui, e l’influenza che questi spazi hanno sull’ecosistema urbano, la ricerca ipotizza un metodo operativo di sviluppo urbano futuro indeterminato. Gli spazi residuali hanno il potenziale di diventare luoghi per sperimentare nuove strategie di gestione del paesaggio urbano, mirate a garantire il comfort e la salute degli abitanti e a soddisfarne i bisogni sociali, contribuendo altresì al ripristino degli ecosistemi urbani degradati e alla salvaguardia dell’ambiente. Attraverso l’osservazione ravvicinata di spazi abbandonati ed indefiniti attraverso un nuovo sistema di valori, e la definizione di nuovi processi analitici, la ricerca intende contribuire alla riconsiderazione del loro ruolo nel contesto urbano, considerandoli quali potenziali basi per lo sviluppo urbano futuro. I Paesaggi Residuali possono costituire la genesi di futuri possibili.
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COLLINETTI, SIMONE. "RETHINKING THE CRYSTAL PALACE. Adaptive reuse of an abandoned warehouse." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276827.
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This Master Thesis work is about the rebirth of a warehouse, once part of Innocenti S.p.A. Located in the district of Lambrate, Milano, the factory used to cover an area of nearly 800.000 sqm back in the Nineties, it nowadays presents itself as a fragmented scenario. This work aims to be a testimony of the past, by first showing all the available official materials that were recovered right before everything shut down. As a second part, it suggests a proposal for one of the most iconic buildings left to a state of complete abandonment and self extinction: the warehouse now known as the Crystal Palace because of its present conditions. Accepting the conditions of one thing and enhancing them in a programmatic way, is probably a solution for dealing with our industrial archaeology, for an innovative, engaging and sustainable approach. An extension of the already existing park finds a new place under the original roof structure. In order to integrate the project in the surrounds from a sociological point of view, the community will be provided with new spaces for exhibition galleries and, moreover, the city of Milano will benefit of the first botanical garden in history.
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Martins, Elisa Toschi. "Sítios saturados : intervenções em vazios urbanos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143002.
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O trabalho dedica-se à temática da intervenção através de projetos desenvolvidos a partir de preexistências e relacionados à apropriação de espaços abandonados: vazios urbanos. Abordam-se questões relacionadas à paisagem urbana e à inserção de edifícios icônicos como estratégias de requalificação e potencialização de contextos existentes, agregando novos programas e complexidades. Aos fragmentos teóricos acerca do tema, sobrepõe-se o desafio de estudar as dinâmicas da cidade contemporânea e os confrontamentos e sobreposições entre concepções de cidade moderna e tradicional. Entre as obras relevantes ao estudo, foram selecionados três projetos do escritório paulista Brasil Arquitetura e três projetos do escritório suíço Herzog & de Meuron para compor os contextos nacionais e internacionais respectivamente. Os estudos de caso são contextualizados por um panorama de obras a fim de ressaltar a importância e a pertinência do tema. Propõe-se uma aproximação entre os projetos selecionados considerando a interação destes com a identidade histórica e a memória urbana, evidenciando-se o conceito de lugar. A pesquisa sugere o reconhecimento da arquitetura como ferramenta de intervenção no existente, sem, entretanto, analisar critérios e procedimentos intervencionistas. Assim, investiga-se as relações entre teoria e a prática projetual considerando-se a produção recente e novos conceitos propostos pela sobreposição de camadas do construído.This study comprises the theme of intervention through projects developed based on preexistences and associated with the appropriation of abandoned spaces: urban voids. It deals with issues related to urban landscape and to the incorporation of iconic buildings as strategies of requalification and potentiality of existing contexts, adding new programs and complexities. To the theoretical fragments regarding the theme, it is added the challenge of studying contemporary city dynamics and the confrontations and overlappings between modern and traditional city concepts. Among the pertinent works to this study, three projects from the São Paulo-based office, Brasil Arquitetura, and three projects from the Swiss-based office, Herzog & de Meuron, were selected to compose the national and international contexts, respectively. The case studies are contextualized by a panorama of works in order to highlight the importance and relevance of the subject. It is proposed an approach between the projects selected taking into account their interaction with the historical identity and the urban memory, evidencing the concept of place. This study suggests the acknowledgment of architecture as a tool of intervention on the existing context without, however, analyzing interventionist criteria and procedures. Therefore, it investigates the relationship between theory and design practice considering the recent architectural production and new concepts proposed by superposition of layers of built.
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Heinrich, Philippe. "Étude numérique et expérimentale des vagues générées par des effondrements de terrain." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0189.
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La suite de phénomènes naturels tels que l'érosion, un tremblement de terre, ou une tempête, il arrive que des blocs géologiquement instables de la zone côtière se détachent et génèrent des vagues dont la violence peut causer de graves dommages. Afin de traiter numériquement ce problème, d'importantes modifications sont introduites dans le code NASA-VOF2D, écrit à l'université de Los Alamos en 1985. Ce code est bidimensionnel dans le plan vertical et résout les équations complètes de Navier-Stokes en incompressible. L'extension de ce code est validée dans le cas linéaire, en comparant les résultats du modèle numérique à ceux obtenus analytiquement pour quatre types d'effondrements de géométrie très simple. Afin d'étudier ces cas également non linéaires, nous réalisons des expériences bidimensionnelles dans un canal. Ces essais consistent à laisser des blocs sur des plans inclinés dans un canal de profondeur variable. Le dépouillement des essais montre que le modèle numérique que reproduit correctement l'expérience, à condition que la turbulence ne soit pas trop importante. Enfin, nous introduisons les modifications analogues à celles du 2D, dans le code tridimensionnel NASA-VOF3D (code d'hydrodynamique écrit à Los Alamos en 1987). Nous pouvons alors traiter le glissement de terrain qui se produisit à Nice en 1979
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Donadon, Edilene Teresinha. ""Terrain Vagues" : um estudo das areas urbanas obsoletas, baldias ou derrelitas em Campinas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258203.
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Orientador: Denio Munia BenfattiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Terrain Vagues são os lugares esquecidos na cidade, mas, de forma contraditória, repletos de memória do passado incidindo sobre o presente. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se o conceito estabelecido por Ignasi de Solà-Morales, denominado como Terrain Vague, aplica-se às áreas abandonadas e obsoletas na cidade de Campinas-SP. A pesquisa localiza essas áreas ao longo dos rios, das estradas de ferro desativadas, das áreas industriais obsoletas, que descrevam uma situação de abandono, de forte memória de lugar e de possibilidades múltiplas e originais. No estudo de campo, foram identificadas e analisadas as áreas quanto ao seu tipo e à sua formação: linhas férreas e pátios de ferrovias abandonados ou subutilizados; mudança ou deslocamento de áreas e lotes industriais - friche industrielle; margens de córregos com ocupações incompletas ou que se caracterizam como franjas de outras ocupações. Desse modo, o trabalho intenta revelar, através de um conjunto de documentos e sua análise, a potencialidade e a singularidade dos terrain vagues e a sua importância para a cidade, em termos quantitativos e qualitativos. Pretendese, assim, evidenciar a necessidade de uma abordagem mais completa dessas áreas antes de sua total ocupação, ocupação esta que vem ocorrendo de maneira desordenada nas últimas décadas.
Abstract: Terrain Vagues are the forgotten places in the city, but in conflict, full of memories of the past on the present. This work verifies whether the established concept by Ignasi de Solà-Morales, called as "Terrain vague", who analyses the European contemporary cities, can be applied to the abandoned and derelicts areas in Campinas to describe a situation of abandonment, of a strong memory of place, and multiple and even original possibilities. The areas were identified and analyzed according to its type and origin: Railways and its courtyards abandoned or underused; change or displacement of the industrial areas or lands - "Friche Industrielle", uncompleted projects - stream bank with uncompleted settlements or areas which are characterized as "fringe" of other occupations. Eventually, aims to reveal, through a set of documents and its analysis, the potentiality and the uniqueness of the Terrain Vagues in Campinas. That means bringing to light what they represent to the city - quantitatively and qualitatively. Furthermore it intent to emphasize the need for a more complete approach of these areas before its occupation, that has been happening in a disordered way in recent decades.
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Voyer, Marie-Hélène. "En terrains vagues : poétique de l’espace incertain dans le roman français et québécois contemporain." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25528.
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Cette thèse porte sur la poétique de l’espace incertain dans le roman français et québécois contemporain (1990-2010). Les trois parties de notre analyse nous permettent de distinguer les espaces du « malaise » (partie 1), les espaces « reconfigurés par le rapport trouble au temps » (partie 2), puis les espaces « brouillés par les défauts de la perception » (partie 3). Si trois infléchissements tendent à être dégagés des textes étudiés, il apparaît malgré tout que plusieurs lignes de force contribuent à lier les œuvres de notre corpus et à les inscrire sous une poétique de l’espace plus englobante. En conclusion, nous proposons donc une synthèse de ses différents traits définitoires : ses figures spatiales emblématiques (la ruine, la prison, le bunker, le seuil, la frontière, le labyrinthe), ses motifs récurrents (retranchement, franchissement, égarement, effacement) et ses thèmes privilégiés (habitabilité, marginalité, exclusion). Nous montrons également comment les composantes de la diégèse (décor, objets, personnages) et comment les différents procédés narratifs et descriptifs contribuent à la représentation d’un espace d’une grande perméabilité, où se joue une contamination subtile entre les lieux, les temporalités, les corps, et la perception. Nous posons enfin l’hypothèse selon laquelle la représentation de l’espace incertain est assurée par la mise en scène d’un monde en déficit d’autorité (des frontières, des objets, des savoirs, de la mémoire, de la perception) et par la médiation d’une foule de « réévaluations » des oppositions spatiales canoniques (espace/temps, ici/ailleurs, haut/bas, intériorité/extériorité, tangible/intangible, visible/invisible). Dans les romans étudiés, la mise en scène de l’espace incertain atteste d’un monde sans repères stables et affirme la nécessité de repenser et de reconstruire nos rapports à l’espace dans des contextes d’instabilité ou de précarité. En ouverture, nous formulons la nécessité d’examiner davantage l’agir des personnages dans ces fictions où le rapport à l’espace ne va pas de soi. La ritualisation et le désir de destruction nous apparaissent comme des manifestations emblématiques de ces « tentatives de mise en ordre du monde » opérées par le sujet contemporain contraint à négocier avec des frontières poreuses, avec des lieux provisoires et malléables, et avec le caractère incertain de ses propres perceptions.
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Caillault, Léa Pauline. "Ruins and terrain vagues in Lisbon: exploration of the Fábrica de gás de Matinha and proposition of alternative planning - temporary uses." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17930.
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Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis thesis is talking about the abandoned and derelicts areas in Lisbon, their importance and place in the urban fabric and everyday life of inhabitants. Understand their mechanism of formation, with the global and national point of view of Portugal and then with the particular context of Lisbon. These specific spaces are already in the center of the attention of the collective NoVOID, working in four cities through Portugal to reveal the phenomenon and think about potential future with a multidisciplinary vision. Among all those derelicts, industrial sites have historic and identity characteristics which are strong elements in the urban landscape. They are asking for a particular attention for urban rehabilitation, find the right balance between historic protection and future needs. After an analysis which reveal the potentials of the old Gas Industry in Matinha, a reflection about how to deal with this spatial and temporal in-between is made. To avoid the stage of abandonment and unused before the construction of the important rehabilitation project included in Plano de Pormenor de Matinha, which will take place in the next decade, a research of alternative planning is proposed. What is temporary uses and how it can change the vision and use of the space as it is nowadays, with the will to impulse alternative activities or uses with low cost and acupuncture mentality is the chosen alternative in this work
Esta dissertação aborda as áreas abandonadas e degradadas de Lisboa, a sua importância e lugar no tecido urbano, assim como no quotidiano dos habitantes. Compreender o seu mecanismo de formação, no ponto de vista global e nacional de Portugal e mais pormenorizadamente no contexto particular de Lisboa. Estes espaços específicos têm sido o centro da atenção por parte do projeto NoVOID, trabalhando em quatro cidades de Portugal com o objetivo de divulgar este fenómeno e pensar de um modo multidisciplinar sobre o futuro potencial destes mesmos. Tendo em consideração todos os lugares abandonados, a atenção recai sob os locais industriais devido as características históricas e identitárias que constituem elementos fortes na paisagem urbana. Os locais industriais requerem uma atenção especial na reabilitação urbana, sendo fundamental alcançar um equilíbrio entre a proteção histórica e as necessidades futuras. Depois de uma análise revelando as potencialidades da antiga Fabrica do gás na Matinha, foi realizada uma reflexão sobre a relação entre a componente espacial e temporal. Tendo em consideração o projeto que está a ser desenvolvido pela Plano de Pormenor de Matinha, com o objetivo de evitar o abandono deste espaço, propõe-se um planeamento alternativo. A proposta visa a aplicação de usos temporários, alterando a visão relativamente ao lugar e os usos presentes. A alternativa escolhida para aplicar neste projecto tem como fundamento os princípios da acupuntura, impulsionando atividades alternativas e usos pouco exigentes em termos económicos
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PIRANI, GIANLUCA. "La presenza naturale ed antropica di metalli e metalloidi nei terreni e nelle acque della successione umbro-marchigiana. Studio ecologico della Bassa Vallesina." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2665632.
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Hervet, Filiz. "Capter, partager et redistribuer la plus-value foncière : le cas des terrains publics et des logements de marque à Istanbul." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PESC0006.
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Cette thèse étudie la valorisation du foncier public à Istanbul. Elle interroge les relations entre l’État et les acteurs de l’immobilier résidentiel en Turquie, leur rôle dans l’organisation de la production du logement et leurs prérogatives en matière de gestion foncière qui pousse à la hausse la valeur des terrains publics. Pour étudier les relations État-marché dans les mécanismes de valorisation du foncier public, cette thèse analyse un montage opérationnel original, le partage des recettes en échange du foncier (PREF). Ce montage résulte d’une collaboration étroite entre TOKİ, l’Administration Publique du Logement Collectif et sa filiale, Emlak Konut, une société d’investissement foncier et immobilier cotée. TOKİ mobilise les terrains publics et les transforme en terrains bâtir avant de les vendre à Emlak Konut. Ce dernier garde la propriété du sol mais sélectionne un promoteur privé, dans le cadre d’un appel d’offres, chargé de financer et de construire un type de logement haut de gamme spécifique : le logement de marque. Avec ce montage, TOKİ et Emlak Konut garantissent une valorisation optimale du foncier public et promettent d’en redistribuer une partie au profit de l’intérêt général, en finançant notamment le logement social et les équipements publics. À partir de deux projets en PREF, situés dans les quartiers de Kayabaşı et de Zekeriyaköy, et avec l’apport des théories de la rente foncière et des études urbaines portant sur la captation de la valeur foncière, cette recherche décrypte dans le détail les bilans financiers des deux opérations immobilières. Les résultats portent sur les processus de captation, de partage et de redistribution de la valeur foncière à Istanbul. Ils mettent en évidence les stratégies des acteurs du PREF pour sécuriser les investissements immobiliers dans le logement de marque et maximiser les revenus publics issus de la valorisation foncièreThis research is about the valuation of public land in Istanbul. It explores the relationship between the state and the residential real estate actors in Turkey. This includes focusing on the role of these actors in the organization of housing production, its prerogatives and how they drive an increase in public land value. To study the relationship between the state and the markets with regards to the mechanisms of promoting public land, the thesis includes an analysis of an original operational arrangement, the revenue sharing in exchange for land (RSEL). This set-up is the result of a close collaboration between TOKİ, the Mass Housing Administration and its subsidiary, Emlak Konut, a real estate investment trust (REIT). TOKİ recovers the state-owned public land, transforms it into building land and then sell it to Emlak Konut. The REIT retains ownership of the land but contracts a private developer, as part of a call for tenders, to be responsible for financing and building branded housing (a type of luxury housing). TOKİ and Emlak Konut work in this way together to ensure optimal valorization for the public land. They promise to redistribute part of it for the benefit of the residents. This includes by financing social housing and public facilities. This research examines existing theory of urban rent and land value capture through the case study of the analysis of the financial balance sheets of two branded housing RSEL projects located in the district of Kayabaşı and Zekeriyaköy. Research findings from the case study relates to capture processes and the sharing and redistribution of land value in Istanbul. The thesis highlights specifically the strategies of RSEL stakeholders to secure real estate investments in branded housing and maximize public revenues from land development
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Vecchiato, Silvia. "Value coffee chain anlysis e convention theory, applicazioni nel minas gerais: il terroir nello sviluppo strategico caffeicolo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2703.
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2006/2007Questa tesi indaga, sotto il riferimento teorico della Value Chain Analysis e della Teoria delle Convenzioni, i dispositivi di qualificazione di prodotto e le corrispondenti forme di coordinamento che gli attori del contesto produttivo caffeicolo brasiliano e del Minas Gerais hanno, nel corso della storia, adottato come strategia di sopravvivenza prima e, in seguito, di crescita. In questa analisi, particolare rilevanza viene data allo spazio e al ruolo della referenza territoriale, quale dispositivo di qualificazione del prodotto caffè e strategia di sviluppo nella storia caffeicola brasiliana. Il fine ultimo è di analizzarne una sua specifica dimensione, quella del terroir, presentandone concetti, definizioni, e mettendo in luce, in via descrittiva, possibili approcci per la sua caratterizzazione pedologico - spaziale. Chiude un’indagine conoscitiva di caratterizzazione climatico – produttiva del terroir di una zona rinomata per la produzione caffeicola del Minas Gerais.
XIX Ciclo
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Andres, Lauren. "La ville mutable : mutabilité et référentiels urbains : les cas de Bouchayer Viallet, de la Belle de Mai et du Flon." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29005.
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Objets privilégiés de la ville mutable, les friches urbaines ne sont pas le simple résultat d'une distorsion entre un contenant et un contenu mais s'inscrivent au sein d'une dynamique de mutation dont il s'agit d'analyser la trajectoire. Trois temps structurent cette trajectoire : l'avant-friche, la friche et ses phases d'attente et de veille, et l'après-friche. Ses processus de mutation permettent d'interroger les systèmes d'acteurs en présence et les dispositifs d'action qui y sont associés. Aux acteurs décisionnaires et propriétaires et aux acteurs transitoires du temps de veille s'agrègent d'autres types d'acteurs, publics ou privés, issus des sphères aménagistes, économiques, ou encore de la société civile. Par la construction d'un modèle interprétatif à partir des référentiels urbains de la mutabilité, c'est à dire des corpus de références conduisant à l'action, j'interroge ainsi le contenu de l'action publique et collective. Ce modèle interprétatif est mis à l'épreuve du processus de mutation de mes trois études de cas : le site Bouchayer-Viallet à Grenoble, la manufacture des tabacs de la Belle de Mai à Marseille et la plate-forme du Flon à Lausanne. Les quatre référentiels urbains identifiés renvoient, schématiquement, à quatre grands processus de mutation : la mutabilité douce, pacificatrice et concertée (référentiel urbain de mutation épargnante), la mutabilité incisive, interventionniste et dirigiste (référentiel urbain de mutation exploitante), la mutabilité par le bas, innovatrice et intrinsèque à la friche permissive (référentiel urbain de mutation précursive) et, enfin, la mutabilité trompeuse, contestatrice et marginalisante (référentiel urbain de mutation chimérique)Analysing the urban changing processes, in other word urban changeability through out the apparition and the re-use of urban brownfields and derelict lands, implies a multi-thematic regard, focusing either on functional, social, politic, economic or urban mutations. Brownfields and urban derelicts lands have to be studied not as a simple stage of deregulation between a content (a function) and a container (a material structure); these lands imply an interactive analysis based on different temporalities that can be associated to a trajectory process. Three different stages can characterise such idle areas: 1/ a pre-abandon process; 2/ a waiting or watching period prior to redevelopment 3/ a redevelopment stage including territorial projections and conceptions as realization and appropriation processes related to transient actors (artists, cultural actors, artisans, …). All along theses trajectories, numerous and diversified actors, i. E. Public or private but also traditional or transient, interfere with the dynamics of mutation, influencing the agenda of urban planning and urban politics. The main goal of my research is to understand the progress of these urban trajectories as to answer identify the major frames of reference interfering all along the different brownfields stages can explain the meaning and the content of public and collective actions inherent in urban renewal dynamics. Thanks to the analysis of three cases studies (Belle de Mai in Marseille-France, Bouchayer Viallet in Grenoble-France and Flon in Lausanne-Switzerland), four frames of reference, can be considered as the major guidelines of today's brownfields planning policies. Precursory mutation frame of reference focuses on the watching stage. It promotes a new form of alternative renewal, where decision-making and transient actors act in order to renew and pep up an idle land, financially and symbolically speaking. Profit mutation frame of reference associates a strong reversal strategy to economic goals as to achieve this state of land un-use. Saver mutation or soft changeability frame of reference pays attention to the transition between the previous function and activity, either by social, cultural or patrimony cares, and the financial viability of the project. Finally, reactionary mutation frame of reference relates to conflicted and non-evolved changeability where alternative actors invest these derelict lands in order to develop a controversy way of living disconnected with the consumption and contemporary urban society
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Siqueira, Thiago Luís Lopes. "The design of vague spatial data warehouses." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/298.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-07Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
O data warehouse espacial (DWE) é um banco de dados multidimensional integrado e volumoso que armazena dados espaciais e dados convencionais. Já o processamento analítico espacial online (SOLAP) permite consultar o DWE, tanto pela seleção de dados espaciais que satisfazem um relacionamento topológico, quanto pela agregação dos dados espaciais. Deste modo, DWE e SOLAP beneficiam o suporte a tomada de decisão. As aplicações de DWE e SOLAP abordam majoritarimente fenômenos representados por dados espaciais exatos, ou seja, que assumem localizações e fronteiras bem definidas. Contudo, tais aplicações negligenciam dados espaciais afetados por imperfeições, tais como a vagueza espacial, a qual interfere na identificação precisa de um objeto e de seus vizinhos. Um objeto espacial vago não tem sua fronteira ou seu interior precisamente definidos. Além disso, é composto por partes que certamente pertencem a ele e partes que possivelmente pertencem a ele. Apesar de inúmeros fenômenos do mundo real serem caracterizados pela vagueza espacial, na literatura consultada não se identificaram trabalhos que considerassem a vagueza espacial no projeto de DWE e nem para consultar o DWE. Tal limitação motivou a elaboração desta tese de doutorado, a qual introduz os conceitos de DWE vago e de SOLAP vago. Um DWE vago é um DWE que armazena dados espaciais vagos, enquanto que SOLAP vago provê os meios para consultar o DWE vago. Nesta tese, o projeto de DWE vago é abordado e as principais contribuições providas são: (i) o modelo conceitual VSCube que viabiliza a criação de um cubos de dados multidimensional para representar o esquema conceitual de um DWE vago; (ii) o modelo conceitual VSMultiDim que permite criar um diagrama para representar o esquema conceitual de um DWE vago; (iii) diretrizes para o projeto lógico do DWE vago e de suas restrições de integridade, e para estender a linguagem SQL visando processar as consultas de SOLAP vago no DWE vago; e (iv) o índice VSB-index que aprimora o desempenho do processamento de consultas no DWE vago. A aplicabilidade dessas contribuições é demonstrada em dois estudos de caso no domínio da agricultura, por meio da criação de esquemas conceituais de DWE vago, da transformação dos esquemas conceituais em esquemas lógicos de DWE vago, e do processamento de consultas envolvendo as regiões vagas do DWE vago.
Spatial data warehouses (SDW) and spatial online analytical processing (SOLAP) enhance decision making by enabling spatial analysis combined with multidimensional analytical queries. A SDW is an integrated and voluminous multidimensional database containing both conventional and spatial data. SOLAP allows querying SDWs with multidimensional queries that select spatial data that satisfy a given topological relationship and that aggregate spatial data. Existing SDW and SOLAP applications mostly consider phenomena represented by spatial data having exact locations and sharp boundaries. They neglect the fact that spatial data may be affected by imperfections, such as spatial vagueness, which prevents distinguishing an object from its neighborhood. A vague spatial object does not have a precisely defined boundary and/or interior. Thus, it may have a broad boundary and a blurred interior, and is composed of parts that certainly belong to it and parts that possibly belong to it. Although several real-world phenomena are characterized by spatial vagueness, no approach in the literature addresses both spatial vagueness and the design of SDWs nor provides multidimensional analysis over vague spatial data. These shortcomings motivated the elaboration of this doctoral thesis, which addresses both vague spatial data warehouses (vague SDWs) and vague spatial online analytical processing (vague SOLAP). A vague SDW is a SDW that comprises vague spatial data, while vague SOLAP allows querying vague SDWs. The major contributions of this doctoral thesis are: (i) the Vague Spatial Cube (VSCube) conceptual model, which enables the creation of conceptual schemata for vague SDWs using data cubes; (ii) the Vague Spatial MultiDim (VSMultiDim) conceptual model, which enables the creation of conceptual schemata for vague SDWs using diagrams; (iii) guidelines for designing relational schemata and integrity constraints for vague SDWs, and for extending the SQL language to enable vague SOLAP; (iv) the Vague Spatial Bitmap Index (VSB-index), which improves the performance to process queries against vague SDWs. The applicability of these contributions is demonstrated in two applications of the agricultural domain, by creating conceptual schemata for vague SDWs, transforming these conceptual schemata into logical schemata for vague SDWs, and efficiently processing queries over vague SDWs.
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Vallet, Anne-Claire. "Les habitants invisibles des friches de la ville : abris discrets et incertains dans les terrains vagues et les délaissés autoroutiers aux abords de Paris." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0019.
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Les terrains vagues et les délaissés autoroutiers ont, en tant que friches, une existence temporaire mais chronique en ville. Ce sont des espaces dits vacants qui, de l’extérieur, semblent abandonnés, inoccupés, et parfois impénétrables. Pourtant, ils comportent souvent des abris, des tentes ou des cabanes, peu ou pas du tout visibles depuis les espaces urbains qui les entourent. À partir d’une ethnographie de ces situations discrètes, précaires et instables, cette thèse en anthropologie appréhende, de l’intérieur et sous l’angle de l’habiter, des terrains en friche localisés en petite couronne parisienne. Qu’est-ce que raconte l’effacement des abris sur la « présence-au-monde » et le rapport à la ville de leurs habitantes et habitants ? En quoi cet effacement donne-t-il à comprendre ce qui constitue une certaine habitabilité des terrains en friche ? En quoi cette habitabilité se distingue-t-elle, et même se confronte-t-elle, à l’appropriation ? Effacement des abris, « présence-au-monde » et rapport à la ville montrent que, sans être les seuls, ces terrains en friche – en apparence inutiles, clôturés, indéterminés, inappropriés pour se loger, voire s’abriter – sont, au sein de la ville déterminée, planifiée et contrôlée, indispensables à celles et ceux qui, français ou étrangers, de pays tiers ou européens, migrants ou immigrés, séjournant depuis peu ou de longue date en ville, n’ont pas d’espace propre et ne sont pas protégés par la société, la Ville et/ou l’ÉtatVacant lots and derelict spaces along motorways, insofar as they are wastelands, have a temporary but chronic existence in the city. These wastelands may appear, from the outside, to be abandoned, unoccupied, and sometimes impenetrable. However, they often include shelters, tents or huts, little or not at all visible from the urban spaces that surround them. Based on an ethnography of these discrete, precarious and unstable situations, this doctoral dissertation in anthropology examines from within and through the lens of dwelling, wastelands located in the inner suburbs of Paris. What does the effacement of shelters tell about the "being-in-the-world" and the relationship to the city of their inhabitants? How does this visual disappearance make it possible to understand what constitutes a certain habitability of wasteland? How does this habitability differ from, and even how does it confront, appropriation? Effacement of shelters, “being-in-the-world”, and relationship to the city show that, among other things, these wasteland - seemingly useless, fenced, indeterminate, unsuitable as housing or shelter - are, within the determined, planned and controlled city, essential for those who, French or foreign, from Europe or otherwise, migrants or immigrants, staying for a short time or for a long time in the city, do not have their own space and are not protected by society, the City or the State
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Soulier, Hélène. "La friche urbaine : déchet ou ressource ?" Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083669.
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A partir de la fin des années 1980, les friches dites « urbaines » ont désigné un ensemble d’espaces obsolètes dans la ville, succédant d’un point de vue terminologique et typologique aux friches dites « industrielles », « ferroviaires » ou « portuaires », observées quelques temps auparavant comme les symptômes territoriaux d’une crise d’origine économique. En ré-interrogeant a posteriori cet objet, nous tentons de le définir dans son contexte socio-économique, et nous examinons, par ailleurs, comment il a percuté le champ du projet de paysage, alors qu’il en est pourtant étranger. L’hypothèse principale de la thèse, en conséquence, suppose que les friches urbaines, qui sont des espaces non issus de la planification, ont contribué à modifier les pratiques et la culture professionnelles du paysage. La thèse fait converger la réflexion et la production simultanées de plusieurs acteurs —institutions, maîtrises d’ouvrages et paysagistes— , dont les regards se sont tous focalisés, chacun à leur manière, sur les friches urbaines. Dès lors, la recherche fait apparaître ces distinctions de regard, relatives aux pratiques et à la culture des différents acteurs, avec en fond de scène l’étude déclinée des friches dans le projet de paysage, entendu dans son acception la plus large. Quelques notions sont ainsi redéfinies : le « site », le projet paysagiste, et leur inter-relationEver since the end of the eighties, so-called « urban wasteland » refer to forgotten spaces in cities. They came after industrial, portuary or rail wasteland, which were seen as territorial consequences of the economical crisis. We try here to redefine this concept through its social and economic context. We examine then how it met the landscape issue, although they’re strangers to each other. As a consequence, the main idea of this research suggests that these non-planned urban wasteland lead to modify the practice of landscape design. The thesis presents thoughts and practices of several actors (institutions, clients, landscape architects) who had to focus on urban wasteland in their proper way. It enhances first the different approaches related to the kind of practice and its cultural background and then the place of urban wasteland study in the landscape practice. A few topics are consequently re-defined: site, landscape project and their relation to each other
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Beylier, René Pierre. "Les Marques de Distributeur de terroir comme outil de légitimation de la grande distribution." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD027/document.
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Pour s’imposer sur ce marché de consommation alimentaire fortement concurrentiel, les enseignes de la grande distribution se sont attelées au terroir et à ses produits. Aujourd’hui, les MDD de terroir, porteuses de différenciation, sont les seules à progresser confirmant l’intérêt croissant des consommateurs pour ce type de produit. Le terroir devient un enjeu à la fois en termes de pratique de consommation et de marché alimentaire. L’objectif de recherche est de montrer comment les MDD de terroir contribuent à construire la légitimité de l’enseigne de distribution lui permettant, d’une part, d’accéder aux meilleures ressources locales afin de disposer d’un avantage compétitif et, d’autre part, de créer des conditions nécessaires de conformité en réponse aux pressions de l’environnement qui brouillent et/ou menacent sa légitimité et le sens de ses actions. Pour répondre à la question de recherche le cadre théorique mobilise trois champs théoriques : les concepts image terroir et valeur de consommation, le marketing relationnel sur le comportement du consommateur expliqué notamment par la satisfaction et la confiance et la légitimité élément central de la sociologie néo-institutionnelle. La méthodologie mixte adoptée combine approches qualitative (20 interviews) et quantitative (631 répondants en deux enquêtes) et démontre l’effet positif significatif de l’interaction image terroir – valeur perçue de consommation de la MDD de terroir sur la légitimité territoriale perçue de l’enseigne. La légitimité territoriale perçue participe à la construction de la confiance et médiatise les effets de l’image de la MDD de terroir et de la valeur perçue sur la satisfaction, la confiance en la MDD et la confiance envers l’enseigneTo impose themselves on the very competitive food consumption market, mass-marketing retailers have tackled the terroir and its regional food products. Today, store-brand regional products, which contribute to differentiation, are the only products whose market share continues to grow. This phenomenon reaffirms the consumers’ increasing interest for this type of products. Regional food products are becoming a new challenge not only in regards to consumption habits but also in regards to the food industry. The first goal of the research is to show how store-brand regional products contribute to building up the legitimacy of the brand by allowing it access to the best local/regional resources in order to obtain a competitive advantage. Its second goal is to create the necessary compliance requirements, in response to the pressure from the environment which confuses and/or threatens its legitimacy and the meaning of its actions. To answer the research question, the theoretical framework mobilizes three theoretical fields: terroir/regional image concepts and consumption value, as well as relationship marketing based on the consumer’s behavior and explained in particular by satisfaction, trust and the central legitimacy component of sociological institutionalism. The mixed methodology combines both a qualitative (20 interviews) and a quantitative approach (631 persons answered the two surveys). It also demonstrates the significant positive effect of the regional image interaction – how the store-brand regional consumption value and the territorial legitimacy of the brand are perceived. The territorial legitimacy contributes to building up confidence and gives media attention to the store-brand regional image and to the perceived value of the satisfaction and the confidence towards the brand
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Marklund, Agnes, and Emma Bäcklund. "Restytor och dess dolda möjligheter : Inventering och gestaltning i Kalmar stad." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12724.
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Saint-Girons, Franck. "Marginalité et innovation culturelle dans les friches urbaines : un enjeu dans l'aménagement du territoire." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU1004.
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Abordée en sciences humaines et sociales surtout à partir des années 1970, la marginalité a été étudiée par diverses disciplines scientifiques, dont la géographie et en particulier la géographie sociale. Souvent confondue et utilisée pour caractériser l'exclusion, elle a connu une dérive sémantique la faisant alors apparaître comme subie. Or, pourquoi ne pas entrevoir dans la marginalité un choix volontaire selon lequel l'individu devient un sujet actif œuvrant à l'élaboration de sa propre vie et de son cadre de résidence ? Les marges s'apparentent dès lors à des laboratoires de l'innovation et de la création, développant une idéologie, des normes et des valeurs propres à chacune d'elles. Les sujets en marge s'inscrivent plutôt comme des contributeurs indirects à l'aménagement du territoire et au développement local. Ainsi, en s'appuyant sur les friches urbaines investies en France par des mouvements créatifs, nous montrons les dynamiques, processus et mécanismes qui peuvent faire qu'une marge puisse devenir une centralité au cœur de processus de recomposition et de redéfinition territoriales, vecteurs de nouvelles approches planificatrices, d'aménagement du territoire et de développement localMarginality was first tackled especially from the 1970's and was analysed by various scientific disciplines, for instance by geography and more particularly by social geography. It was often confused and used to characterise exclusion, and it also knew a shift in meaning so that it was then regarded as subjected. However, why not define marginality as a voluntary choice which will enable the individual to become an active subject who will be shaping their own life and their surroundings. Margins, from then on, come down to laboratories for innovation and creation, thus developing an ideology, standards, and distinct values. Subjects in margin indirectly contribute to the town and territory planning as well as to the local development. Thus, relying on urban wastelands invested in France by creative movements, we aim at showing the dynamics, the process and the mechanisms thanks to which a margin can become a centre of the process of territorial reconstruction and redefinition, leading to new planning approaches and new approaches of territory planning and local development
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Figueirôa, Ferreira Alexandre. "La Vague du Cinema Novo en France fut-elle une invention de la critique ?" Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030034.
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Dans les annees 60 le cinema novo bresilien a occupe en france une place particuliere parmi les nouveaux cinemas. Cela fut rendu possible par la promotion de ce mouvement accomplie par certains critiques des revues cinematographiques specialisees. Les revues rendirent possible l'attribution d'une valeur culturelle aux oeuvres du cinema novo, permettant ainsi sa reconnaissance en tant qu'invention d'une conception originale du cinema. Les interpretations du cinema novo ont ete reperees a travers les textes parus dans les revues. L'orientation du travail est surtout historique et socioculturelle. On y esquisse une methode pour rendre compte des particularites des situations de communication etudiees sans pour autant engager une etude des medias ou une etude semiolinguistique (bien qu'on utilise certaines procedures relevant de ces disciplines). Ce travail demontre d'abord comment la circulation des idees a permis la conception d'un modele culturel pour le cinema novo. Ce modele fut elabore a partir d'une recherche de significations communes, suggerant une correspondance des codes entre les cultures francaise et bresilienne, et il fut legitime a partir des accords ideologiques prealables etablis entre les partenaires de ce processus. On demontre ensuite que le cinema novo, pour etre convaincant comme modele de cinema social et politique convenant aux besoins de la critique francaise et aux strategies promotionnelles qu'elle convoque, jouait des roles determines par les a priori redactionnels des revues, roles dont le principal fut celui de substitut du neorealisme italien et de la nouvelle vague francaiseIn the 1960s, as a result of the promotional movement carried out by critics writing for specialised cinema periodicals, the brazilian cinema novo held a privileged position among the new cinemas. Those periodicals provided the means through which the cinema novo films were given their particular cultural value. As a consequence, this body of films gained recognition as a movement that created an innovative conception of film-making. The interpretations of the cinema novo propounded were elaborated form the observation of the discursive reality perceptible in the periodicals. The approach given to the present work is mostly a historical and socio-cultural one. An analytical method has been draw up in order to account for the particularities of the communication categories examined. However it is neither a media or a semiological and linguistic study, even though both these domains have provided useful techniques. Firstly, this study shows how the spread of ideas produced a cultural model for the cinema novo based on the research of signs common to both the french and the brazilian cultures, so that a pattern off corresponding codes uniting these two cultures could be set. The legitimacy of this cultural model was to be found in ideological agreements previously established between the parties involved in the process. Then, we show that in order to meet the needs of the specialised french critics, who searched for a convincing model of social and political cinema, and those of their promotional strategies, the cinema novo had to fit in the roles determined by editorial tenets upheld in the periodicals. Thus, the main role the cinema novo had to play was that of a replacement for the italian neorealism and for the french new wave
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Marques, Felipe Tumenas. "Estimação do Value at Risk via enfoque bayesiano." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4511.
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Previous issue date: 2007-01-26The continuous development of new financial instruments brings more and more investment options for market participants. These investment options also bring a bigger necessity to evaluate the risk embedded in these new financial instruments. Risk Analysis can be defined as an attempt to measure the uncertainty degree in the attainment of the expected return in a financial application and the standard measure to evaluate financial risk is the Value at Risk. This work aims to develop a new approach to estimate the Value at Risk, considering both the market data and the specialists´ opinion.
O desenvolvimento contínuo de novos títulos financeiros possibilita cada vez mais opções de investimento para os participantes do mercado. Este leque de opções de investimentos também traz a necessidade cada vez maior de avaliar o risco que cada novo título financeiro carrega. A análise de riscos pode ser definida como como a tentativa de mensurar o grau de incerteza na obtenção do retorno esperado em uma determinada aplicação financeira. Este trabalho visa desenvolver uma nova abordagem para a estimação do Value at Risk, considerando tanto os dados de mercado quanto a opinião de especialistas
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Petruccelli, Antonio <1989>. "Universality of GR b-value gradients for different tectonic regimes and inferences on a differential stress dependence." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8466/1/Petruccelli_Antonio_tesi.pdf.
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Variations in earthquakes size-distribution (b-value) have a central importance in modern seismology. Starting from the late 60’s, the possible explanation of such variations has been found into the Earth’s crust stress differences, going far from the classical view of a constancy of the b- value itself. In fact, stress is the determinant parameter controlling the faulting mechanisms of earthquakes: compressions (thrust faults) accompany higher stresses with respect to extensive (normal faults) mechanisms, with transcurrences (strike-slip faults) in the middle of them. In this thesis, it is showed that earthquakes size-distribution, stress and faulting styles have a clear and straightforward connection both on global and local scale: if the magnitude of b is inversely related to differential stress (as confirmed by laboratory experiments), which, in turn, depends on faulting styles, b-value is expected to vary systematically. By using classical formulations of Anderson and Mohr-Coulomb, the different behaviors of b-value on tectonic styles as due to stress are modeled in new, unreported ways. A sinusoidal behavior of b-value on the rake angle of the focal mechanisms is thought to be a good first-order model for expressing the dependence on tectonic style. Moreover, using a ternary scheme of the focal mechanisms, a second-order effect of differential stress on b- value for dip-slip mechanisms is detected. Finally, using high-quality local dataset for Southern California, the single dependences of b (inverse linearity on depth and separation on faulting styles) are modeled, firstly on their own and then together in a single, universal model, able to be the best explicator of the physical reality. All the analyses shown in this thesis result in a big improvement for supporting the theory of the variations of b connected to stress differences.
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Pires, Ana Luísa Garcia. "Avaliação do comportamento higroscópico de argamassas de reboco." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11226.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil de ConstruçãoAs variações de humidade relativa (HR) afectam a salubridade e as características higrotérmicas dos ambientes interiores e, consequentemente, a saúde e o conforto dos ocupantes. Os materiais de construção utilizados nos paramentos interiores podem ter um contributo activo na regulação da HR dos ambientes interiores desde que possuam características higroscópicas, ou seja, que tenham a capacidade de adsorver e desadsorver vapor de água. Neste trabalho estudou-se o comportamento de várias argamassas que podem ser utilizadas em sistemas de reboco, desde argamassas de terra a argamassas de ligantes aéreos e hidráulicos, de forma a analisar a influência dos diferentes tipos de constituintes no seu comportamento higroscópico. Conhecendo-se as propriedades higroscópicas que muitos sais apresentam analisaram-se também argamassas contaminadas com sulfatos para apurar a influência que estes têm. Para além disso analisaram-se provetes de argamassas com uma camada de acabamento ou aplicadas sobre suporte de tijolo, de forma a fazer uma primeira abordagem acerca da influência dos acabamentos e suportes no comportamento higroscópico dos conjuntos, comparativamente apenas a uma análise independente de cada material. Durante a campanha experimental os provetes das diferentes argamassas foram sujeitos a ciclos de variação de HR; cada ciclo é composto por 8 horas a 75% HR seguidas de 16 horas a 33% HR. Estes ciclos pretendem simular as alterações verificadas dentro de uma divisão de uma habitação de um país do Norte da Europa, por exemplo um quarto que durante a noite está ocupado e com aquecimento e durante o dia está vazio. Este procedimento permite a classificação das argamassas segundo uma escala que traduz a sua capacidade de regulação da HR dos ambientes. Verifica-se que, de uma forma geral, as argamassas que utilizam terra como ligante apresentam resultados superiores, incluindo-se sempre nas classes de higroscopicidade elevada quanto à capacidade de regulação da HR interior. O traço das argamassas revelou-se também decisivo no moisture buffer value (MBV) das argamassas, sendo que as argamassas com menor quantidade de agregado obtiveram sistematicamente resultados mais elevados. Em adição foi também possível verificar que o tipo de cura, agregados e ligantes utilizados afecta o MBV obtido. Confirma-se que a análise de soluções de sistema, constituídas por argamassas associadas a suportes, conduz a resultados distintos daqueles que se obtêm quando se analisam os materiais individualmente, o que incentiva o estudo futuro de soluções deste tipo por serem as que mais se aproximam da realidade.
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Petiot, Fabien. "Laideur du paysage ? : la question de l'anti-pittoresque aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010582.
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La ville diffuse et ses banlieues, l'architecture standardisée de l’habitat et des grandes surfaces commerciales, l'anonymat et la déréliction du paysage occupent one place importante dans la création artistique contemporaine. La distance et l’objectivité des images photographiques réalisées en série, la représentation de non-événements, de l’ennui et de la banalité de l'espace accusent une séparation entre l'homme contemporain et son environnement. Cette étude s'applique à retracer la généalogie d'un art du paysage qui, au-delà de la notion de laideur, se concentre sur « ce qui n'est pas digne d'être peint ». Les multiples variations de l’anti-pittoresque trouvent ainsi leurs origines dans la photographie, la peinture et la littérature des années 1850. Dans un premier temps, les notions d'indifférence, de fadeur, de mélancolie, de vide, de kitsch et d'artificialité apportent les nuances nécessaires à la compréhension du paysage moderne et contemporain. Ensuite, les marges urbaines de villes comme Paris, Marseille, Londres ou Milan et les banlieues américaines sont envisagées comme paysages en gestation, entre campagne et cité. Il est par la suite question du motif de l'industrie, de la carrière et du chantier en tant que lieux du bouleversement paysager de l'époque moderne. Enfin, le terrain vague est abordé dans la perspective de la légende de la terre gaste, de la notion d'entropie et de la scène criminelle. Ces différentes analyses contribuent à dresser l’état des lieux du sentiment de la nature dans l'art moderne et contemporain Elles s'appuient sur l'expérience de l'artiste qui, dans l'espace trouble du territoire aménagé, nous révèle la complexité d'un paysage« habité».
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OTCHERE-DARKO, WILLIAM. "Land Value(s), Institutional change and new Petro-Geographies in Ghana and Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/263132.
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Questa ricerca esamina come il valore fondiario viene inquadrato, legittimato e contestato nelle emergenti regioni petroestrattive africane. La ricerca è focalizzata su casi studio provenienti dalla regione sudoccidentale del Ghana e dalla regione di Lindi Mtwara in Tanzania. Dal punto di vista teorico, la ricerca utilizza il concetto di "valori incommensurabili" per situare i valori multipli, contrastanti e intersecanti legati alla terra. La teoria dei valori incommensurabili è stata tradizionalmente attenta alla distribuzione di "beni" e "mali" al di là delle nozioni economiche di valore, specialmente nelle regioni di estrazione delle risorse e di espropriazione delle terre. All'interno di questa teoria, tuttavia, l'attenzione si è concentrata sull’espulsione violenta delle comunità locali come mezzo di esproprio dominante, prestando meno attenzione alle banali politiche, strutture istituzionali e pratiche burocratiche, che ottengono risultati simili. Inoltre, il lavoro empirico su tali politiche, inquadramenti e pratiche è stato limitato agli studi sul cambiamento agricolo.
Questa ricerca ha dunque indagato perché e come le politiche, le pratiche e il processo decisionale sul valore dei terreni si evolvono nelle regioni di estrazione petrolifera nel sud-ovest del Ghana e nel Lindi-Mtwara, in Tanzania.
La tesi osserva la pluralità di inquadramenti del valore del terreno che si sovrappongono al processo di produzione di petrolio con risultati interessanti (spesso singolari).
La dissertazione mostra che le élite locali dei terreni in queste regioni concepiscono il valore del territorio sulla base di "benefici comunitari obbligatori", "compensazione del rischio ambientale" e "mantenimento dei mezzi di sussistenza intergenerazionali". Queste concezioni locali di valore sono utilizzate per contestare lo Stato e le compagnie petrolifere su ricavi petroliferi, espropriazione delle terre, gentrificazione, sicurezza energetica così come sulle questioni di sicurezza alimentare spinte dall'economia del petrolio e del gas.
Gli attori del governo centrale e locale così come le compagnie petrolifere del Ghana e della Tanzania hanno tuttavia imposto nozioni di "valore di mercato", "benefici di efficienza" e "costo opportunità" al valore del terreno in queste regioni. Ciò si realizza attraverso interventi politici che mettono in evidenza il land-banking, le acquisizioni obbligatorie di terreni, la creazione di zone economiche speciali e le politiche di pianificazione basate sul petrolio. La ricerca mostra quindi che le politiche del valore fondiario degli Stati, le pratiche e gli inquadramenti sottostante invalidano ampiamente le concezioni subnazionali del valore fondiario. Tali petro-geografie sono pertanto i risultati della singolarizzazione di valori locali del terreno incommensurabili in forme spaziali commisurabili da parte dello Stato (centrale e subnazionale) per creare un ambiente favorevole al capitale estrattivo privato e centralizzato. Tale singolarizzazione si traduce in risultati spaziali che comportano hub petro-industriali, immobili di fascia alta, progetti speculativi di nuove città, illegalizzazione di usi informali preesistenti dei terreni, gentrificazione urbana, espropriazione di terreni rurali e promozione di progetti volontari di beneficenza petrolifera. La ricerca mostra quindi come le emergenti petro-geografie africane stiano emulando le storie di successo delle città globali del petrolio e delle economie di recente sviluppo.
Le definizioni e le politiche del valore fondiario da parte dei governi nazionali e locali nell'economia petrolifera stanno anche istituendo una centralizzazione dei poteri di governance locale nelle regioni di petro-estrazione. In particolare, i governi centrali in Ghana e Tanzania limitano le concezioni locali del valore non strumentale dei terreni attraverso l'acquisizione obbligatoria di terreni per progetti (speculativi) petro-industriali.This research examines how land-value is framed, legitimised and contested in Africa’s emerging petro-extraction regions. The research uses case studies from Ghana’s southwestern region (from 2007 to 2017) and Tanzania’s Lindi Mtwara region (2004- 2017). Theoretically, the research uses the concept of “incommensurable values” to situate the multiple, conflicting and intersecting values attached to land. The theory of incommensurable values has traditionally attended to the distribution of “goods” and “bads” beyond economic notions of value, especially in regions of resource extraction and land expropriation. Within this theory however, the focus has been restricted to violent expulsions of local communities as the dominant means of expropriation, with less attention paid to the mundane policies, institutional framings and bureaucratic practices that achieves similar results. Additionally, empirical work on such mundane policies, framings and practices has been limited to studies of agrarian change. This research thus examines why and how policies, practices and decision-making on “land value” evolves in Petro-extraction regions in southwestern Ghana and Lindi-Mtwara, Tanzania. The methodology involves key expert interviews, secondary research data, reports by government and third sector organizations as well as longitudinal data on land permits, land transfers, food prices and other development statistics. The dissertation notes a plurality of framings of land-value that overlay the petroleum production process with often singular outcomes. It shows that local landed elites (chiefs, kinship groups and village associations) in these regions conceive of land value along lines of “mandatory community benefits”, “environmental risk compensation” and the “maintenance of intergenerational livelihoods”. These local conceptions of value are used to contest the State and petroleum companies over petroleum rents, land expropriation, gentrification, energy security as well as food-security issues driven by the oil and gas economy. Central and local government actors as well as petroleum companies in Ghana and Tanzania however impose notions of “market value”, “efficiency benefits” and “opportunity cost” to land value in these regions. These are underlaid by framings of land use efficiency, competitiveness, voluntariness and resource nationalism. This is realized through policy outcomes that highlight land-banking, compulsory land acquisitions, the creation of special economic zones and petroleum-driven planning policies. The research thus shows that the States’ land-value policies and practices and the underlying framings largely invalidates subnational conceptions of land value. Such emerging petro-geographies are therefore the outcomes of the singularisation of local incommensurable land values into commensurable spatial forms by the State (central and subnational) to create an enabling environment for private and centralised extractive capital. Such singularisation results in spatial outcomes entailing petro-industrial hubs, high-end real estate, speculative new city projects, illegalization of pre-existing informal land uses, urban gentrification, rural land dispossession as well as the promotion of voluntary petroleum charity projects. The research also shows how emerging African petro-geographies look to emulate the success stories of global oil cities and newly industrializing economies. The framings and policies of land value by the national and local governments in the petroleum economy is also instituting a centralisation of local governance powers in the petro-extraction regions. Particularly, the central governments in Ghana and Tanzania limit local conceptions of non-instrumental land value through the compulsory acquisition of lands for (speculative) petro-industrial projects.
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Assier, Rzadkiewicz Sandrine. "Etudes numériques et expérimentales d'un glissement de sédiments le long d'une pente sous-marine et des vagues générées." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20024.
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A la suite de phenomenes naturels tels que l'erosion, un seisme ou une tempete, des masses sedimentaires instables peuvent etre mises en mouvement et generer des raz-de-maree tres dangereux pour les regions cotieres. Au cours du mouvement gravitaire, on peut observer un ecoulement dense le long de la pente et un ecoulement de suspension au dessus. Afin de modeliser numeriquement le phenomene physique, un modele de melange a ete developpe a partir du code d'hydrodynamique bidimensionnel nasa-vof2d. Les equations completes de navier-stokes sont resolues en considerant les sediments et l'eau ambiante comme un melange. La partie dense est traitee comme un fluide a seuil alors que la partie dispersee, regie par des lois hydrauliques, est modelisee par un fluide parfait de faible densite. Le modele numerique comprend un seuil d'ecoulement, un coefficient de viscosite, un coefficient de diffusion et un frottement sur la pente. L'extension du code a ete testee a travers differents types de problemes. Afin de valider les modifications, des experiences bidimensionnelles en bassin qui consistent a laisser glisser une masse de sable le long d'un plan incline ont ete realisees. Les parametres numeriques ont ete cales par rapport aux observations experimentales qui montrent l'importance du role de la pression interstitielle. Un modele rheologique utilisant une approche de la mecanique des sols a ete developpe. Cette modelisation nous a alors semble plus coherent pour reproduire a petite echelle un ecoulement granulaire qu'un modele viscoplastique issu de la mecanique des fluides. Enfin, le code nasa-vof3d a egalement ete transforme en un modele de melange. En tenant compte des volumes estimes par l'universite de genes, un glissement hypothetique sous-marin d'une masse deformable est modelise dans le canyon de taggia (italie)
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Morissette, Jean-Bruno. "LA FRICHE AUTOROUTIÈRE: Une lecture morphologique et sensible d'un paysage intermédiaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28162/28162.pdf.
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Cette recherche s’intéresse aux mutations spatiales et paysagères engendrées par l’édification des systèmes autoroutiers. Elle s’attarde plus spécifiquement à l’étude des espaces délaissés qui émergent progressivement à partir de l’édification de ceux-ci, des friches qui forment l’interface du réseau d’autoroutes, des paysages intermédiaires qui sont côtoyés au quotidien, mais qui sont vraisemblablement évacués des représentations accordées à l’infrastructure, des environnements à priori techniques qui nécessitent d’être explorés dans toute leur complexité afin d’amorcer leur compréhension et une réflexion quant à leur devenir.
Dans ce sens, l’étude tente de formuler le dessin des friches autoroutières en tant que paysage intermédiaire de l’urbain, de faire basculer l’image à priori technique de ces délaissés vers celle qui serait plus sensible. Elle cherche ainsi à mettre en évidence les logiques techniques qui se sous-tendent leur émergence et à observer leurs qualités morphologiques qui s’associent à la géométrie des composantes autoroutières (parcours, nœuds, points d’accès) et au rapport de celles-ci avec les tissus urbaines limitrophes. Elle se penche également à l’examen des dynamiques ; à la fois naturelles, humaines et sensorielles, qui définissent le caractère insoupçonné de ces paysages.
D’un point de vue méthodologique, cette recherche met de l’avant un processus de lecture des friches autoroutières basé sur les approches typo-morphologique et sensible. D’un côté, l’approche typo-morphologique est employée à l’examen de leurs structures formelles, en regard aux friches qui s’organisent dans la continuité du réseau autoroutier de l’agglomération urbaine de Québec et plus spécifiquement dans le maillage et à la limite des composantes de l’autoroute Félix-Leclerc. De l’autre, par la lecture in situ des friches de l’échangeur Félix-Leclerc / Henri-IV, l’approche sensible cherche à révéler la stratification des dynamiques qui définissent ces paysages d’exception.
Cette recherche souligne que le réseau autoroutier anime l’émergence de friches, que celles-ci soient directement liées la configuration de ses composantes ou bien à l’interaction de celles-ci avec les tissus qui les bordent, s’organisant ainsi de manière interne ou externe à l’infrastructure. Contextuellement, les friches autoroutières tendent à se développer à l’échelle générale du système d’autoroutes, mais plus particulièrement dans les milieux périurbains, là où les composantes du réseau sont édifiées de manière étendue sur le territoire. Aussi, ces délaissés comportent une structure formelle qui s’associent à la configuration spécifique des composantes autoroutières, mais également aux multiples rapports qui se profilent entre l’infrastructure et ses tissus contigus. Ce sont pareillement des formes concrètes qui tendent à se déformer par rapport à celles issues des logiques théoriques de conception, des étendues également impressionnantes à l’échelle de l’autoroute et du territoire. En regard à leur paysage, les friches autoroutières se définissent selon une structure paysagère de base liée à l’usage antérieur du sol et l’édification de l’infrastructure. Une structure qui se pose à l’origine des reprises subséquentes de la nature et la formation de milieux humides, organisant ainsi des milieux particulièrement diversifiés. On remarque également que ces environnements oubliés sont convoités par les citoyens. Des brèches s’expriment sur leurs limites et rendent les friches accessibles, tandis que leurs surfaces sont façonnées par des interventions humaines à l’image de parcours et de lieux informels. L’intensification de nos perceptions est aussi attribuable à la pratique de ces paysages complexes, autant celles qui se rattachent au procédé du cheminement que celles liées aux qualités sensibles de l’environnement.
Les friches autoroutières ne sont donc pas strictement des espaces techniques de l’autoroute, mais bien des environnements et des paysages sensibles à l’échelle de l’urbain. Selon leurs qualités physiques, paysagères et sensorielles, mais aussi d’après l’ensemble de leurs potentiels, elles se présentent aujourd’hui comme des milieux à ré-inventer, à animer par de nouveaux aménagements ou de nouvelles formes d’occupation. Un paysage intermédiaire d’intérêt qui mérite de participer à la vie urbaine, à nos pratiques quotidiennes. Une forme nouvelle d’urbanité qui est en devenir, actuellement en attente des décisions et des concepts qui l’animeront.
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Riclet, Alain. "Résistance à l'effacement : nature de l'espace et temporalité de la présence chez un groupe ayant vécu sur les wagenburgs de Berlin, entre 1990 et 1996, au travers de l'étude des masques, rituels et danses intervenants dans l'expression de sa singularité culturelle." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070008.
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Description et ethnologie d'une communauté de Punks Hardcore vivant dans des campements (Burg) de caravanes (Wagen), sur deux friches urbaines dans les quartiers de Kreuzberg et Friedrichshain apparues à la faveur de la chute du Mur à Berlin entre 1990 et 1996. La thèse s'organise autour d'un corpus d'une soixantaine de photographies noir & blanc et couleurs réalisées par les photographes Ralf Marsault et Heino Muller. Des portraits, pour l'essentiel, et ceux qui y figurent sont amenés à commenter à posteriori l'image qu'il donnèrent d'eux mêmes et l'interprétation qui en fut faîte à l'époque. Au fur et à mesure, se dégage alors l'étude du quotidien de la vie dans les caravanes, des rituels de parure, dans l'habillement et les tatouages, du partage d'alcool et autres stupéfiants, des rites lors des concerts de musique ou des spectacles de rues que ceux-ci inventent pour subvenir à leurs besoins. La réflexion théorique s'installe donc autour de l'utilisation de l'image photographique en anthropologie et met à jour la nature liminaire de la présence et de l'identité au travers des déterritorialisations constatées, ainsi que la construction d'une temporalité non linéaire où les échanges symboliques s'organisent. Une sorte de temps du rêve particulier s'installe dans ce qui s'apparente à une retraite au désertEthnology study of a community of Hardcore Punks living on a travellers' site (Burg) of old trucks and caravans (Wagen) in Berlin, between 1990 and 1996. The study is based on the analysis of photographs made by Ralf Marsault and Heino Muller, mostly portraits, where those who appear are then interviewed and confronted to the representation they gave of themselves at that time. The everyday life is revealed. Rituals of clothing and tatooing before going to concerts and street performances, the use of alcool and drugs, give evidence of the borderline nature of presence and identity as well as the construction of a non linear structuring of time where symbolic exchanges take place. A kind of specific dreamtime seems to appear in what can be understood as a retreat to the desert
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Tonnelat, Stéphane. "Interstices urbains Paris - New York : entre contrôles et mobilités, quatre espaces résiduels de l'aménagement." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002133370204611&vid=upec.
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Deux approches complémentaires ont été élaborées afin d'analyser quatre interstices urbains, espaces résiduels de l'aménagement, en quatre monographies, à Paris et New York. La première approche, "majeure" et urbanistique, s'articule autour de la notion de désordre et identifie l'évolution des terrains dans un circuits de dégradation, d'entretien, de contrôle et de renouvellement propre à l'aménagement urbain. Elle définit aussi un cadre pour la deuxième approche, "mineure" et ethnographique, qui prend acte de l'"impossibilité à prendre place" dans l'interstice qui pousse au passage, alors considéré comme "engagement dominant" (Goffman). Sont analysés des dispositifs de capture de flux (Charenton, Times Square), de transformation des relations à l'environnement (Jetée 84 sur l'Hudson et Bibliothèque nationale de France) et de constitution de réseaux interstitiels qui traversent la ville. Les interstices seraient alors autant des espaces à transformer que des espaces "transformateurs".
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Mahajan, Salil. "CCM3 as applied to an idealized all land zonally symmetric planet, Terra Blanda 3." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1422.
Full textAbstract:
Community Climate Model 3 (CCM3) is run on an idealized all land zonally
symmetric planet (Terra Blanda) with no seasonality, no snow and fixed soil moisture
to obtain a stationary time series effectively much longer than conventional runs with
geography and seasons. The surface temperature field generated is studied to analyze
the spatial and temporal spectra, estimate the length scale and time scale of the
model, and test the linearity of response to periodic and steady heat source forcings.
The length scale of the model is found to be in the range of 1000-2000 km and the time
scale is estimated to be 24 days for the global average surface temperature field. The
response of the global average temperature is found to be fairly linear to periodic and
the steady heat source forcings. The results obtained are compared with the results
of a similar study that used CCM0. Fluctuation Dissipation theorem is also tested
for applicability on CCM3. The response of the surface temperature field to a step
function forcing is demonstrated to be very similar to the decay of naturally occurring
anomalies, and the auto-correlation function. Return period of surface temperature
anomalies is also studied. It is observed that the length of the data obtained from
CCM3, though sufficient for analysis of first and second moments, is significantly
deficient for return period analysis. An AR1 process is simulated to model the global
averaged surface temperature of Terra Blanda 3 to assess the sampling error associated
with short runs.
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Fausto, Brito Adriana. "Les espaces vacants à Guadalajara, Mexique : politiques et stratégies de gestion dans la période 1970-2000." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030008.
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Cette recherche aborde le sujet des espaces vacants et leur importante dans la configuration métropolitaine de Guadalajara, Mexique, en vue de contribuer au débat sur les transformations de la ville latino-américaine et son insertion dans les récents paradigmes du développement urbain. La méthodologie suivie inclue une analyse typologique des espaces vacants, des profils et idéologies des propriétaires, le cadre légal qui régie la propriété du sol, les instruments de politique (le partenariat public-privé, le transfert de droit du développement, le droit de préemption, le plan d'occupation de sol, etc. ). Ce n'est pas seulement la valeur vénale qui se trouve à l'origine des espaces vacants, mais également toute une gamme de valeurs (patrimoniale, symbolique, politique. . . ) qui dépendent des agents concernés. Au-delà de l'impact des espaces vacants dans la structure urbaine, les enjeux ont des répercussions sur la structure de la société et notamment sur la gouvernabilité métropolitaineThe subject of this research is vacant land and its importance in the configuration of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara in Mexico. The aim of the study is to contribute to the debate on transformations to Latin American cities and how the Latin American city has come to be included in recent paradigms of urban development. The methodology used includes a typology of vacant land, the profile and ideology of the owners, the legal framework regulating urban land, and instruments of public policy (such as transfer of development rights, preferential rights and land use plans). The political and social approach of the study leads to the conclusion that the main value of vacant land to the stakeholders involved on urban transformation may not be its commercial or monetary value so much as what is means as a form of patrimony, and in political or symbolic terms. Vacant land is decisive in the configuration of urban structure, but also has an impact on social structure and urban governance
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Straatmann, Jeferson. "Redes voltadas para produtos florestais não madeireiros: análise da influência de redes de cooperação nas cadeias de valor da Terra do meio no Pará." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-31102014-141722/.
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Os Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros (PFNM) são entendidos como uma fonte importante de renda agregada às atividades de subsistência das populações moradoras de áreas protegidas. Porém, a governança de seus territórios e cadeias é complexa, contemplando diferentes pressões, ilegalidades, interesses e organizações. Com base nesse contexto, as teorias relacionadas à governança florestal e de cadeias de valor de PFNM apontam para a necessidade de criação de ambientes multistakeholders para promover parcerias e melhorias na governança de territórios e cadeias. A teoria de Redes de Cooperação trazem elementos de organização e estruturação de processos cooperativos para a promoção de setores econômicos em diferentes realidades, podendo contribuir também para o entendimento e melhoria de redes voltadas para a promoção de cadeias de valor de PFNM. O estudo de caso realizado na Rede Terra do Meio (RTM) possibilitou o entendimento das contribuições das redes de cooperação para a melhoria da governança das cadeias de valor de PFNM. Percebe-se que a organização em rede na Terra do Meio permitiu a estruturação de processos de melhoria e monitoramento de cadeias de valor de PFNM com base em subredes organizadas pelo tripé \"grupos extrativistas - grupos interinstitucionais - organizações de mercado\" em paralelo a ações direcionadas ao acesso a políticas públicas, proteção do território, educação e saúde. Essas subredes de operação de melhorias são ligadas a ambientes mais amplos de promoção da cooperação interinstitucional, como a RTM, que potencializam o diálogo, planejamento, monitoramento e coordenação de processos cooperativos no território. A cooperação interinstitucional em rede observada na Terra do Meio contribuiu para o ganho de confiança nas relações entre as comunidades, instituições, organizações de mercado e financiadores, potencializando laços, ações conjuntas e obtenção de recursos. A presente tese apresenta a descrição do funcionamento da Rede Terra do Meio, suas subredes e cadeias de valor, analisando o funcionamento da rede como um todo em paralelo às teorias de redes de cooperação encontradas na literatura, buscando entendimento sobre os processos de governança e as influências sobre as cadeias de valor de PFNM. De forma complementar os aprendizados da pesquisa são sistematizados como diretrizes de governança, que visam facilitar o entendimento e melhoria do processo de cooperação na Terra do Meio e em territórios com características semelhantes.Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are seen as an important source of income combined with livelihood activities of protected areas population. However, the governance of their territories and chains is complex, beholding different pressures, illegalities, interests and organizations. Based on this context, theories related to forest governance and NTFP value chains point to the need to create environments to promote multi-stakeholder partnerships and improvements in governance of territories and chains. The Cooperation Networks theory brings organization and structuring elements of cooperative processes for the promotion of economic sectors in different realities, contributing also to the understanding and improvement of networks focused on the promotion of NTFP value chains. The case study in Rede Terra do Meio (RTM) enabled the understanding of the cooperation networks contributions to the NTFPs value chains governance. It is noticed that the network organization in Terra do Meio allowed the structuring of process improvement and monitoring of NTFP value chains based on subnetworks organized by the tripod \"extractivist groups - interinstitutional groups - market organizations\" in parallel with targeted actions to access public policies, territorial protection, education and health. These subnetworks directed to improvements operation are linked to broader environments of interinstitutional cooperation promotion, such as RTM, which enhance dialogue, planning, monitoring and coordination of cooperative processes in the territory. interinstitutional cooperation observed in Terra do Meio network contributed to gain trust among communities, institutions, market and financing organizations, enhancing ties, joint actions and resourcing. This thesis presents a description of Terra do Meio network, its subnetworks and value chains, analyzing the functioning of the network as a whole in parallel to cooperation networks theories found in literature, seeking the understandin of governance processes and the influences on NTFP value chains. Complementarily, the research learnings are systematized as governance guidelines, which are intended to facilitate the understanding and improvement of cooperation processes at Terra do Meio and at territories with similar characteristics.
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Plamondon, Louise. "Territoires inhospitaliers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28601/28601.pdf.
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Issu d’une réflexion portant sur l’habitat, les paysages et l’empreinte humaine qui les façonne, mon projet de maîtrise tente d’attirer l’attention sur l’utilisation des espaces urbains et sur le regard porté sur les lieux abandonnés et négligés. Mon attention se porte surtout sur les terrains vagues, les lieux en transition et les nombreux espaces inhospitaliers créés par la mouvance dans l’occupation des territoires. Je m’intéresse au regard qu’on porte sur ces lieux ignorés et mal-perçus qui peuvent évoquer à la fois le passage, l’abandon, la transformation ou la mémoire. Mon travail tente d’établir un rapport entre le paysage représenté et le paysage expérimenté, utilisant la marche pour découvrir et s’approprier le lieu et le dessin et la photo pour s’en approprier les images.
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Silva, Poliana Risso da. "Fatores de influência na urbanização em APPs áreas de preservação permanente : O caso da APP do córrego do Gregório - São Carlos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4326.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-28Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
This dissertation is a theoretical study developed on urbanization processes involving Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) marginal to water bodies. The verification of a constant breach on the principle of inviolability attributed to APP, especially in urban areas, motivated this research. The objective focused on identifying and discussing the factors that influence the processes of urbanization in Permanent Preservation Areas marginal to water bodies. From the literature review, 28 factors of influence could be pointed out and organized into 08 dimensions. The case study conducted in São Carlos-SP, on the Conservation Areas of the Gregory stream, allowed the identification of influencing factors in the four analyzed periods in the history of urbanization of the municipality: 1857-1965, 1965-1979, 1979-1986 and 1986 to 2010. The results obtained in this research enabled the understanding that some permanent preservation areas, present in urban areas have been urbanized for assuming the value of urban land as defended by Villaça (2001). The value added to them is thus, not only restricted to their environmental value, but also to values of location, culture and affection among others related to the local context.
Esta dissertação corresponde a um estudo teórico desenvolvido sobre os processos de urbanização envolvendo Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) marginais a corpos d água. A verificação de um constante descumprimento ao princípio da intangibilidade atribuído às APPs, principalmente no meio urbano, motivou a realização desta pesquisa. O objetivo concentrou-se em identificar e discutir os fatores que influenciam os processos de urbanização em Áreas de Preservação Permanente marginais a corpos d água. A partir da revisão bibliográfica realizada, registrou-se 28 fatores de influência organizados em 08 dimensões. O estudo de caso desenvolvido em São Carlos -SP, sobre as Áreas de Preservação do córrego do Gregório possibilitou a identificação de fatores de influência nos quatros períodos analisados da história da urbanização do município: 1857 a 1965, 1965 a 1979, 1979 a 1986 e 1986 a 2010. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa possibilitaram o entendimento de que algumas Áreas de Preservação Permanente, presentes no meio urbano, têm sido urbanizadas por assumirem o valor de terra urbana defendido por Villaça (2001). O valor agregado a elas, dessa forma, não se restringe somente ao valor ambiental, mas também ao valor de localização, de afetividade e cultura e a outros surgidos com o contexto local.