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1
Zapico, Alvarez David. "Mechanisms and kinetics of the galvannealing reactions on Ti IF steels." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0019.
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Les revêtements galvanisés alliés sont produits par immersion à chaud d’une bande d'acier dans un bain de zinc fondu à environ 460 °C, saturé en fer et contenant de faibles quantités d'aluminium (de 0,1 à 0,135% poids), suivie d’un traitement thermique (jusqu'à des températures voisines de 500-530 °C pendant environ 10 s) afin de déclencher les réactions d'alliation entre le fer et le zinc. La microstructure finale de ce type de revêtement est composée d'une succession de couches stratifiées de phases Fe-Zn et ses propriétés d'usage sont directement liées à la distribution de ces phases dans le revêtement. Les paramètres process à appliquer sur ligne industrielle doivent donc être optimisés pour obtenir la microstructure de revêtement souhaitée avec des coûts minimaux. Le développement d'un tel revêtement passe par différentes réactions complexes : la formation de la couche d'inhibition, la rupture de cette couche, la consommation du zinc liquide et l'enrichissement en fer du revêtement solide. Les cinétiques de ces réactions doivent être étudiées et modélisées séparément afin de contrôler avec précision l'évolution du revêtement au cours du cycle thermique. Dans ce travail, les deux premières réactions ont été étudiées dans le cas des aciers IF Ti. La cinétique de formation de la couche d'inhibition est extrêmement rapide et n’a par conséquent pas été étudiée. L'attention a été portée sur la nature de cette couche et sur les mécanismes responsables de sa formation. Il a été démontré que la couche d'inhibition formée dans des bains classiques pour la production de ces revêtements est composée d'une première couche très mince de Fe2Al5Znx (20-30 nm) sur la surface de l’acier et d’une seconde couche plus épaisse de δ (FeZn7) (environ 200 nm) au-dessus. Lorsque l'acier est immergé dans le bain de zinc, la dissolution du premier dans le second conduit à une sursaturation en fer à l'interface solide / liquide. Une très fine couche de Fe2Al5Znx métastable germe alors sur la surface de l'acier favorisée par des relations préférentielles d’épitaxie avec la ferrite. Par la suite, une couche de δ germe sur la couche de Fe2Al5Znx ce qui permet à la microstructure finale de devenir thermodynamiquement stable. L'effet de la teneur en aluminium du bain sur la nature de la couche d'inhibition a également été étudié. Quand la teneur en aluminium du bain diminue, la couche de Fe2Al5Znx devient discontinue car cette phase devient plus métastable et sa germination sur la surface de l'acier moins probable. Cette étape d’inhibition n'est que transitoire et un traitement thermique prolongé conduira à la rupture de la couche d'inhibition et au développement des réactions Fe-Zn. Le mécanisme de rupture, contrôlé par la diffusion du zinc dans les joints de grains de l'acier, peut être expliqué à l'aide du diagramme de phase ternaire Al-Fe-Zn et résumé en deux étapes : la disparition de la couche de Fe2Al5Znx à l'interface couche d’inhibition / acier résultant de l’enrichissement de cette interface en zinc, et la germination de la phase Г (Fe3Zn10) aux joints de grains de l'acier lorsque la concentration en zinc y devient suffisante. C’est cette germination qui va provoquer localement la rupture de la couche d’inhibition. La cinétique de cette réaction dépend fortement de la composition chimique de l'acier IF Ti et de la teneur en aluminium du bain. D'une part, il apparaît que l'effet de la composition chimique de l'acier sur la cinétique de rupture d'inhibition est contrôlé par la compétition entre deux phénomènes opposés : la vitesse de diffusion du zinc dans les joints de grains de l'acier et la capacité de l'acier à y accumuler les atomes de zinc. D'autre part, la diminution de la teneur en aluminium du bain favorise la discontinuité de la couche de Fe2Al5Znx, ce qui accélère la rupture de la couche d'inhibition car le zinc est supposé diffuser plus rapidement dans δ que dans Fe2Al5ZnxHot-Dip GalvAnnealed (HDGA) coatings are produced by the immersion of the steel strip into an iron-saturated liquid zinc bath at around 460 °C containing small amounts of aluminium (from 0.1 to 0.135 wt.%, normally) and its subsequent heating (up to temperatures around 500-530 °C for about 10 s, typically) in order to trigger the alloying reactions between iron and zinc. The final microstructure of this kind of coatings is composed of a sequence of stratified Fe-Zn phase layers and its in-use properties are directly related to the phase distribution within the coating. The process parameters to be performed in industrial lines must therefore be optimized in order to obtain a successful coating microstructure with the minimum costs. The development of such a coating passes through different and complex reactions: the inhibition layer formation, the inhibition layer breakdown, the liquid zinc consumption and the iron enrichment of the solid coating. The kinetics accounting for these reactions must be studied and modelled separately in order to accurately control the evolution of the coating along the heat treatment performed in the industrial line. In the present work, the two first reactions were investigated in the case of Ti IF steel grades. The kinetics of the inhibition layer formation is extremely fast and has therefore not been investigated in detail. Concerning this reaction, the focus was given to the nature of this inhibition layer and to the mechanisms accounting for its formation. It has been found that the inhibition layer formed in typical baths for galvannealed coatings production is composed of a very thin layer of the Fe2Al5Znx phase (20-30 nm) on the steel surface and a thicker layer of the δ (FeZn7) phase (around 200 nm) on its top. As the steel strip enters the zinc bath, iron dissolution from the former into the latter leads to an iron supersaturation at the solid / liquid interface. As a result, a very thin layer of metastable Fe2Al5Znx nucleates on the steel surface favoured by preferential epitaxial relationships with ferrite. Subsequently, δ nucleates on the Fe2Al5Znx layer allowing the final microstructure of the inhibition layer to become thermodynamically stable. The effect of the bath aluminium content on the nature of this inhibiting structure has also been studied. As the bath aluminium content is lowered, the Fe2Al5Znx layer becomes discontinuous: the lower the bath aluminium content is, the higher the metastability of Fe2Al5Znx is and the less probable its nucleation on the steel surface is. The inhibition state is only transient and continued heat treatment will lead to the inhibition layer breakdown and the development of the further Fe-Zn alloying reactions. The breakdown mechanism, controlled by the diffusion of zinc towards the steel grain boundaries, can be explained using the Al-Fe-Zn ternary phase diagram and summarized in two steps: the disappearance of the Fe2Al5Znx layer at the inhibition layer / steel interface as a result of the enrichment of this interface in zinc, and the local nucleation of the Г (Fe3Zn10) phase at the steel grain boundaries, breaking the inhibition layer off, when the zinc concentration at these locations becomes high enough. The kinetics accounting for this reaction strongly depends on the Ti IF steel chemical composition and the bath aluminium content. On the one hand, it has been found that the effect of the steel chemical composition on the inhibition layer breakdown kinetics would be ruled by the competition between two opposite phenomena: the rate of zinc diffusion at the steel grain boundaries and the ability of the steel to accumulate the zinc atoms at these locations On the other hand, decreasing the bath aluminium content favours the discontinuity of Fe2Al5Znx, which accelerates the inhibition layer breakdown as zinc is expected to diffuse faster through δ than through Fe2Al5Znx
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Cremer, Ulrich. "Ternäre Übergangsmetallacetylide." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968408915.
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Van, der Walt Maria Dorothea. "Ternary interpolatory subdivision." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71652.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Subdivision is an important and e cient tool for rendering smooth curves and surfaces in computer graphics, by repeatedly applying a subdivision (re ning) scheme to a given set of points. In the literature, attention has been mostly restricted to developing binary subdivision schemes. The primary emphasis of this thesis is on ternary subdivision, and in particular on the interpolatory case. We will derive a symmetric ternary interpolatory subdivision scheme for the rendering of curves, satisfying analogous properties to the Dubuc-Deslauriers binary scheme. Explicit construction methods, as well as a corresponding convergence analysis, will be presented. Graphical illustrations of the results will also be provided.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Subdivisie bied 'n belangrike en doeltre ende metode om gladde krommes en oppervlakke in rekenaargra ka te genereer. Hierdie metode behels dat 'n subdivisieskema (of verfyningskema) herhaaldelik toegepas word op 'n gegewe versameling punte. In die literatuur word daar hoofsaaklik gefokus op die ont- wikkeling van bin^ere subdivisieskemas. In hierdie tesis word die klem gel^e op tern^ere subdivisieskemas, en in die besonder op interpolerende skemas. Ons sal 'n simmetriese tern^ere interpolerende subdivisieskema, wat analo e eienskappe as di e van die Dubuc-Deslauriers bin^ere skema bevredig, ontwikkel, om krom- mes te lewer. Eksplisiete konstruksiemetodes en ooreenkomstige konvergensie- analise, asook gra ese illustrasies van die resultate, sal getoon word.
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Giesecke, Normen. "Ternary quantum logic." PDXScholar, 2006. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4092.
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The application of Moore's Law would not be feasible by using the computing systems fabrication principles that are prevalent today. Fundamental changes in the field of computing are needed to keep Moore's Law operational. Different quantum technologies are available to take the advancement of computing into the future. Logic in quantum technology uses gates that are very different from those used in contemporary technology. Limiting itself to reversible operations, this thesis presents different methods to realize these logic gates. Two methods using Generalized Ternary Gates and Muthukrishnan Stroud Gates are presented for synthesis of ternary logic gates. Realizations of well-known quantum gates like the Feynman gate, Toffoli Gate, 2-qudit and 3-qudit SW AP gates are shown. In addition a new gate, the Inverse SW AP gate, is proposed and its realization is also presented.
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Bourcier, Sophie. "Élaboration de matériaux conducteurs protoniques à architecture réseaux interpénétrés de polymères à partir de microémulsions." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0637.
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La «chimie verte » comprend le développement de procédés de synthèse respectueux de l'environnement, en réduisant notamment l'usage de solvants organiques. Dans ce but, nous avons montré qu'il était possible de synthétiser, à partir de microémulsions, des matériaux conducteurs protoniques, de structure prédéfinie, sans l'usage d'un autre solvant que l'eau.La première partie de cette étude a permis de démontrer la faisabilité de ce procédé. Le système ternaire choisi est composé d'une solution aqueuse d'acide 2-acrylamido-2-méthylpropane sulfonique (AMPS), de méthacrylate d'hexyle (HMA) comme phase hydrophobe et du tensioactif, le Brij® 35. Les structures des microémulsions ont été identifiées, selon leur composition, à partir de mesures de conductivité, de viscosité et d'imagerie par microscopies optique et confocale. Ces structures peuvent être inverse, lamellaire, bicontinue et directe. La polymérisation/réticulation par voie radicalaire des monomères présents dans les différentes phases conduit à des matériaux présentant ces mêmes structures. Les polymères étant réticulés, ces matériaux sont des réseaux interpénétrés de polymères (RIP).La seconde partie de cette étude a été consacrée à l'optimisation de la formulation des microémulsions pour obtenir des matériaux aux propriétés souhaitées. Ainsi, la fraction soluble et le taux de gonflement dans l'eau ont été considérablement réduits, tout en conservant une conductivité protonique de l'ordre de 10-3 S.cm-1. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus en synthétisant un « double RIP », c'est-à-dire un RIP dans chacune des phases, matériau tout à fait original à ce jour"Green chemistry" includes the development of synthetic methods respectful of the environment, including reducing the use of organic solvents. For this purpose, we have shown that it is possible to synthesize, from microemulsions, proton conductive materials, predefined structure, without the use of a solvent other than water. The first part of this study demonstrates the feasibility of this method. The ternary system is selected from an aqueous solution consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (AMPS), hexyl methacrylate (HMA) as hydrophobic phase and the surfactant, Brij® 35. The structures of microemulsions have been identified, depending on their composition from measurements of conductivity, viscosity and imaging optical and confocal microscopies. These structures can be inverse, lamellar, bicontinuous and direct. The polymerization/crosslinking of the monomers by free radical present in the various phases leads to materials having the same structures. Being crosslinked polymers, these materials are interpenetrating polymers networks (IPN). The second part of this study has been devoted to the optimization of the formulation of microemulsions to obtain materials with desired properties. Thus, the soluble fraction and the degree of swelling in water were significantly reduced, while maintaining proton conductivity of the order of 10-3 S.cm-1. The best results were obtained by synthesizing a "double IPN", that is to say, an IPN in each phase, entirely original material
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Newton, David Ellis. "Optimal ternary linear codes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292863.
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Jones, Christopher Martin. "Optimal ternary linear codes." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366000.
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Blaschkowski, Björn. "Ternäre und quaternäre Nitridoborate." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10733083.
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Parameswaran, Nair Ravi Sankar. "Delay-insensitive ternary logic (DITL)." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/Parameswaran_Nair_09007dcc803bc548.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 27, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).
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Bahmani, Fatemeh. "Ternary structures in Hilbert spaces." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/697.
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Ternary structures in Hilbert spaces arose in the study of in nite dimensional manifolds in di erential geometry. In this thesis, we develop a structure theory of Hilbert ternary algebras and Jordan Hilbert triples which are Hilbert spaces equipped with a ternary product. We obtain several new results on the classi - cation of these structures. Some results have been published in [2]. A Hilbert ternary algebra is a real Hilbert space (V; h ; i) equipped with a ternary product [ ; ; ] satisfying h[a; b; x]; yi = hx; [b; a; y]i for a; b; x and y in V . A Jordan Hilbert triple is a real Hilbert space in which the ternary product f ; ; g is a Jordan triple product. It is called a JH-triple if the identity hfa; b; xg; xi = hx; fb; a; xgi holds in V . JH-triples correspond to a class of Lie algebras which play an important role in symmetric Riemannian manifolds. We begin by proving new structure results on ideals, centralizers and derivations of Hilbert ternary algebras. We characterize primitive tripotents in Hilbert ternary algebras and use them as coordinates to classify abelian Hilbert ternary algebras. We show that they are direct sums of simple ones, and each simple abelian Hilbert ternary algebra is ternary isomorphic to the algebra C2(H;K) of Hilbert-Schmidt operators between real, complex or quaternion Hilbert spaces H and K. Further, we describe completely the ternary isomorphisms and ternary antiisomorphisms between abelian Hilbert ternary algebras. We show that each ternary isomorphism between simple algebras C2(H;K) and C2(H0;K0) is of the form (x) = Jxj where j : H0 ! H and J : K ! K0 are isometries. A ternary anti-isomorphism is of the form (x) = Jx j where j : H0 ! K and J : H ! K0 are isometries. The structures of Hilbert ternary algebras and JH-triples are closely related. Indeed, we show that each JH-triple (V; f ; ; g) admits a decomposi- 6 tion V = Vs L V ? s where (Vs; f ; ; g) is a Hilbert ternary algebra which is usually nonabelian and unless V = Vs, the orthogonal complement V ? s is always a nonabelian Hilbert ternary algebra in the derived ternary product [a; b; c]d = fa; b; cg fb; a; cg. Hence JH-triples provide important examples of nonabelian Hilbert ternary algebras. We determine exactly when Vs and V ? s are Jordan triple ideals of V . We show, in each dimension at least 2, there is a JH-triple (V; f ; ; g) for which V 6= Vs, equivalently, (V; f ; ; g) is not a Hilbert ternary algebra. 7
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Bem, David S. (David Stanley). "Synthesis of new ternary nitrides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11902.
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Yeom, Inji. "Ternary XInS2 nanocrystals for optoelectronics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d8cf7386-b52b-4b76-92f4-4a89d3519f57.
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The primary focus of this thesis is to develop new synthesis routes for core-shell copper indium di-sulphide (CuInS2)âzinc sulphide (ZnS), and core-only silver indium di-sulphide (AgInS2) nanocrystals with enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and study their application in luminescent concentrators. CuInS2-ZnS nanocrystal photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated using different synthesis conditions. Through a combination of PL, absorption (Abs), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the importance of relative stoichiometry between the two cations (copper and indium) are understood. To further study this effect, different injection temperatures and precursor ratios were employed. It was determined that with increasing indium (In) content, the PL blue shifted while increased PLQY was noted. Optimal synthesis conditions for monodispersed nanocrystals was found to be at an injection temperature of 30°C with a 1:4 Cu:In ratio, which achieved a PLQY of 40%. By using various halide precursor combinations of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide, 16 combinations were evaluated in the control of the reactivity of the two cation precursors. Overall, this study demonstrated that the reactivity of Cu and In can be regulated to a certain extent. Additionally, the halide precursor counter ions potentially provided surface passivation, which enhanced PLQY by up to 60%. The synthesis method established was repeated with replacement of the easily oxidised Cu with more stable Ag to form AgInS2 nanocrystals. It was shown that by-products of Ag and Ag2S nanocrystals were observed, which reduced the overall PLQY. With in-situ PL, synthesis dynamics were examined. Ag2S nanocrystals were formed from the Ag nanocrystals formed prior to sulfur injection. Through changes in reduction temperature and halide precursor combinations, the by-product quantity was reduced and a high PLQY of 89% was achieved. Using AgInS2, the first ternary nanocrystal luminescent concentrator for visible light communication (VLC) was fabricated. Modifying the polymer and nanocrystal concentrations resulted in changes in transmittance and reflectance properties. It was determined that the best combination used was ethyl cellulose 8wt% with 9mg/ml AgInS2 (AIS) nanocrystals. With the addition of a mirror and a low refractive polymer layer, the gain, when compared to a single photodiode (PD), was seven times higher.
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Marjan, Mimoun. "Élaboration de l'alliage ternaire Ga1." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20252.
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Beyer, Beatrice. "Architectural Approaches for the Absorption Layer and their Impact on Organic Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133594.
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This study focuses on the architectural modification of pin-type small-molecule organic solar cells, in particular on the absorption layer and its influence on the key solar cell parameters, such as short circuit current density, fill factor and open circuit voltage. Three different approaches have been applied to improve the match between the solar spectrum and the spectral sensitivity of organic solar cells.
In the first part, deposition parameters such as substrate temperature, gradient strength and (graded) absorption layer thickness are evaluated and compared to organic solar cells with homogeneously deposited absorption layers. Moreover, the gradient-like distribution of the absorption layer is characterized optically and morphological effects have been extensively studied. In order to isolate the origin of the efficiency improvement due to the graded architecture, voltage-dependent spectral response measurements have been performed and gave new insights.
The second part concentrates on the efficient in-coupling of converted UV light, which is usually lost because of the cut off properties of organic light in-coupling layers. Via Förster resonance energy transfer, the absorbed UV light is re-emitted as red light and contributes significantly to higher short circuit current densities. The correlation between doping concentration, simple stack architecture modifications and the performance improvement is duly presented.
In the third and last part, the impact of tri-component bulk heterojunction absorption layers is investigated, as these have potential to broaden the sensitivity spectrum of organic solar cells without chemical modification of designated absorber molecules. Along with the possibility to easily increase the photocurrent, an interesting behavior of the open circuit voltage has been observed.
Knowledge about the impact of slight modifications within the solar stack architecture is important in order to be able to improve the device efficiency for the production of cheap and clean energy.
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Respaud, Marie-José. "Etude phytochimique et évaluation d'activités biologiques de choisya ternata kunth (Rutaceae)." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT043G.
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Choisya ternata kunth (rutaceae), connu sous le nom d'oranger du mexique, est cultive en europe comme plante ornementale. Dans son pays d'origine, le mexique, les feuilles de cette espece sont utilisees en medecine traditionnelle. Le premier chapitre de notre document est consacre, a l'etude bibliographique du genre choisya d'un point de vue botanique, d'un point de vue chimique, d'un point de vue biologique, et aux connaissances sur les limonoides de la famille des rutaceae. Le second chapitre concerne l'analyse de l'huile essentielle et l'isolement d'un glycoside de limonoide de ct#1, non identifie, a partir d'extraits aqueux de feuilles de choisya ternata. Le troisieme chapitre consiste en la mise en evidence d'activite biologiques. Des extraits methanoliques sont plus actifs en tant qu'antifongiques que des extraits aqueux, sur des champignons pathogenes des plantes et de l'homme. Une fraction enrichie en son principal limonoide glycosyle ct#1 presente une activite insecticide (en tant qu'inappetent) sur trois modeles d'insectes spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera), drosophila melanogaster (diptera) et gromphadorina brunneri (dictyoptera) et une activite antipaludeenne in vitro. L'huile essentielle n'a qu'une faible activite sur l'inhibition de croissance de trois champignons sur cinq testes
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Wünsch, Matthias. "Ternäre polymerhaltige Lösungen - Phasenverhalten und Grenzflächenspannung." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://ArchiMeD.uni-mainz.de/pub/2001/0039/diss.pdf.
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Liuolia, Vytautas. "Localization effects in ternary nitride semiconductors." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Optik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104290.
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InGaN based blue and near-ultraviolet light emitting diodes and laser diodes have been successfully commercialized for many applications such as general lighting, display backlighting and high density optical storage devices. Despite having a comparably high defect density, these devices are known for their efficient operation, which is attributed to localization in potential fluctuations preventing carriers from reaching the centers of nonradiative recombination. Nitride research is currently headed towards improving deep ultraviolet AlGaN and green InGaN emitters with higher Al and In molar fractions. The efficiency of these devices trails behind the blue counterparts as the carrier localization does not seem to aid in supressing nonradiative losses. In addition, the operation of ternary nitride heterostructure based devices is further complicated by the presence of large built-in electric fields. Although the problem can be ameliorated by growing structures in nonpolar or semipolar directions, the step from research to production still awaits. In this thesis, carrier dynamics and localization effects have been studied in three different nitride ternary compounds: AlGaN epitaxial layers and quantum wells with high Al content, nonpolar m-plane InGaN/GaN quantum wells and lattice matched AlInN/GaN heterostructures. The experimental methods of this work mainly consist of spectroscopy techniques such as time-resolved photoluminescence and differential transmission pump-probe measurements as well as spatial photoluminescence mapping by means of scanning near-field microscopy. The comparison of luminescence and differential transmission measurements has allowed estimating the localization depth in AlGaN quantum wells. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the polarization degree of luminescence from m-InGaN quantum wells decreases as carriers diffuse to localization centers.What is more, dual-scale localization potential has been evidenced by near-field measurements in both AlGaN and m-InGaN. Larger scale potential fluctuation have been observed directly and the depth of nanoscopic localization has been estimated theoretically from the recorded linewidth of the near-field spectra. Lastly, efficient carrier transport has been observed through AlInN layer despite large alloy inhomogeneities evidenced by broad luminescence spectra and the huge Stokes shift. Inhomogeneous luminescence from the underlying GaN layer has been linked to the fluctuations of the built-in electric field at the AlInN/GaN interface.QC 20121101
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Ternité, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Variability of Development Models / Thomas Ternité." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1009972332/34.
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Rahman, Md Raqibur. "Online testing in ternary reversible logic." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3208.
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In recent years ternary reversible logic has caught the attention of researchers because of its
enormous potential in different fields, in particular quantum computing. It is desirable that
any future reversible technology should be fault tolerant and have low power consumption;
hence developing testing techniques in this area is of great importance.
In this work we propose a design for an online testable ternary reversible circuit. The
proposed design can implement almost all of the ternary logic operations and is also capable
of testing the reversible ternary network in real time (online). The error detection unit is
also constructed in a reversible manner, which results in an overall circuit which meets
the requirements of reversible computing. We have also proposed an upgrade of the initial
design to make the design more optimized. Several ternary benchmark circuits have been
implemented using the proposed approaches. The number of gates required to implement
the benchmarks for each approach have also been compared. To our knowledge this is the
first such circuit in ternary with integrated online testability feature.xii, 92 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Crouch-Baker, S. "Studies of some ternary oxide phases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355742.
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Elkins, Linda Tarbox. "Phase equilibrium investigation of ternary feldspars." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57924.
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Li, An M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "First principles study of ternary skutterudites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77074.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-70).
As the demand of sustainable energy technologies increases in recent years, thermoelectric materials can potentially become a solution by increasing energy efficiency in certain systems, such as waste heat recovery system. Skutterudites is a popular group of thermoelectric materials because they show low thermal conductivity with filled voids in their structures. To investigate the potential of ternary skutterudites as thermoelectric materials, first-principles calculations are performed on filled and unfilled CoSn1.S1.S5, CoSn1.5Se1.5, CoSn1.5Te1.5, CoGe1.5S1.5, CoGe1.5Se1.5, and CoGe1.5Te1.5. Alkaline-earth metal and Lanthanum are used as void fillers in this study. Transport properties, including Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity, are obtained from Boltzmann transport theory. The calculation results show high Seebeck coefficients and low electrical conductivities. Future work will focus on increasing the electrical conductivity while reducing the thermal conductivity with appropriate filling.
by An Li..
M.Eng.
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Teng, I.-Lih. "Thermochemical Investigation of Ternary Nonelectrolyte Mixtures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500889/.
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Excess molar volumes have been determined for four ternary chlorobenzene + dibutyl ether + alkane mixtures at 25°C. Results of these measurements are used to test the applications and limitations of BAB, Redlich-Kister, Kohler and Hwang et al. cubic models. For the systems studied, Redlich- Kister, Kohler and Cubic models were found to provide reasonable predictions. Differences between experimental and predicted ΔV^ex_123 values were about ±0.020 cm^3mol^-1 or less at most ternary compositions. Solubilities are reported for anthracene in binary mixtures containing propanol and butanol with alkanes at 25°C. Results of these measurements are used to test the NIBS/Redlich-Kister expression. The three-parameter form of this expression is found to provide reasonable mathematical representation with deviations between experimental and back-calculated values being less than ±1%.
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Panyoo, Akdowa Emmanuel. "Optimisation de l'utilisation du taro (Colocasia esculenta) variété lamba en panification par l'usage de la gomme Grewia mollis. Juss (Famille Tiliaceae)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0303/document.
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Le problème dans cette étude est celui de l’incorporation de la gomme Grewia mollis dans le mélange blé-taro avec pour objet d’améliorer le taux de substitution du blé par la farine de taro qui, selon la littérature, ne peut dépasser de valeurs allant de 10 à 15 % sans altérer de façon considérable la qualité de la pâte de pain. Les objectifs définis dans cette étude sont triples : (1) d’abord connaitre les propriétés de la farine de taro variété Lamba qui, avant cette étude n’a pas fait l’objet d’études antérieures. (2) Déterminer les conditions optimales d’extraction de la gomme Grewia, dont on connait de la littérature les caractéristiques physicochimiques et fonctionnelles et pas les meilleures conditions d’extraction. (3) Etudier dans un plan de mélange à trois composantes l’effet du pourcentage de gomme, de farine de taro et blé sur les propriétés rhéologiques et sensorielles de la pâte et du pain. Dans cette étude les méthodes usuelles de caractérisation ont été utilisées. Pour l’objectif 1, le dispositif expérimental prend en compte la taille du tubercule (4 modalités) comme facteurs, et les paramètres mesurés sont : la composition proximale, la granulométrie et la forme de particules, les propriétés thermiques et rhéologiques de la farine. Pour l’objectif 2, la gomme est extraite selon un plan composite centré à faces centrées avec comme facteurs le ratio volume d’eau sur masse de la poudre de l’écorce, la température et le temps d’extraction, et les réponses sont la viscosité de la solution et le taux d’extraction. Une caractérisation du profil de sucres de la gomme a été faite. Pour l’objectif 3, un plan de mélange ternaire Grewia-taro-blé à contraintes a été effectué. Le volume de pousse de la pâte, le test de double morsure, le test du fluage-recouvrement ont été mesurés sur la pâte, alors que les pains obtenus ont fait l’objet d’une analyse du test de double compression et d’acceptabilité. Les résultats de l’objectif 1 ont montré que la composition physicochimique du taro varie en fonction de la masse et du pelage, le profil en acide aminé présente une absence des acides aminés soufrés. Les résultats de l’extraction de la gomme dans l’objectif 2 ont montré que seul le ratio augmente significativement la viscosité et le rendement d’extraction de la gomme. Les conditions optimales d’extraction de la gomme Grewia mollis sont les suivantes: pH: 7,1 temps : 1h température: 73,1 °C ratio eau / poudre : 55,4 / 1, pour une viscosité de 0,98 Pa.s et un rendement de 0,32%. Les résultats de l’objectif 3 montrent que l’augmentation de la gomme Grewia mollis entraine une augmentation de la capacité d’absorption d’eau des farines mélangées, une augmentation de la viscoélasticité, du volume de pousse, du volume de pain, de l’acceptabilité générale jusqu’à un seuil de 2,5% puis une baisse est observée. Les analyses de corrélation ont montré que l’augmentation de la capacité d’absorption d’eau entraine une baisse des paramètres du fluage et du recouvrement de la pâte, du volume de pousseThe problem in this study is the incorporation of Grewia gum in the wheat-taro mixture in order to improve the level of substitution of wheat flour by taro flour which, according to the literature, cannot exceed 10-15% without deteriorating in a considerable manner the quality of the bread paste. The objective defined in this study is threefold : (1) to know the properties of the flour of taro Lamba variety which, before this study have not been the object for research (2) to determine the optimum conditions for extraction of the Grewia gum, with known physico-chemical and functional characteristics but no standard for conditions extraction. (3) To study the effect of the percentage of gum, taro flour and wheat flour on the rheological and sensory properties of the paste and the bread using a mixture designs with three components. In this study the usual methods of characterization were used. For objective 1, the experimental device takes into account sizes of tuber (4 weight) like factors, and the measured parameters are: the proximate composition, the granulometry and the shape of particles, thermal and rheological properties of the flour. For objective 2, the gum is extracted using a central composite design with faces centered with factors like the flour water ratio (w / w), the temperature, extraction time and pH, the response were the viscosity of the solution and the yield of extraction. A characterization of the sugar profile of gum was made. For objective 3, a ternary mixture design Grewia - taro-wheat with constraints was carried out. The volume of dough, the rheology of paste, the double bite test, the creep-recovering test were measured on the dough, whereas a double compression test analysis and acceptability were carried out on the bread. The results of objective 1 showed that the physico-chemical composition of the taro varies as a function of the mass and peeling type, the amino acid profile reveals the absence of sulphur amino acids. The results of the extraction of gum showed that only the ratio significantly increases the viscosity and the yield of the gum.The optimum conditions for extraction of the Grewia gum are as follows:pH: 7.1 times : 1h temperature: 73 °C water / powder ratio: 55.4 / 1, for a viscosity of 0.98 Pa.s and and yield of 0.32 %. The results of objective 3 show that the incorporation of gum increase the water absorption capacity, viscoelasticity of the dough, volume of the dough and even volume of bread. However the sensory analysis showed that the addition of gum up to 5% contributed to the rejection of the breads
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Kraft, Thomas. "Ternary blend ink formulations for fabricating organic solar cells via inkjet printing." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0027.
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L’objectif final de la thèse est l'impression de la couche photo-active ternaire d'une cellule solaire organique en utilisant deux approches: l'une concerne l'apport de nanotubes de carbone (SWCNT) pour améliorer les propriétés de transport, l'autre concerne la préparation de mélanges ternaires de matériaux pour contrôler la couleur des cellules. Les encres pour la couche active incluant des SWCNT fonctionnalisés sont composées d’un donneur d'électron (polymère) (poly(3-hexylthiophène), [P3HT]) et d’un accepteur d'électron ( [6,6]-phényl C61-butyrique ester méthylique d'acide [PCBM]) et ont été développées pour la fabrication de cellules inversées. Ces cellules sont réalisées sur substrats de verre pour l'optimisation de leurs performances, puis sur substrats plastiques pour les applications. Diverses couches d'interfaces ont été testées, qui incluent l'oxyde de zinc (ZnO, couches obtenues par pulvérisation ionique (IBS) ou à partir de solutions de nanoparticules) pour la couche de transport d'électrons et le PEDOT:PSS, le P3MEET, le V2O5 et le MoO3 pour la couche de transport de trous. Des essais ont été effectués avec et sans CNT afin d’étudier leur impact sur les performances. Des résultats similaires sont obtenus dans les deux cas. Il était attendu que les CNT améliorent les performances, ce qui n’a pas été observé pour le moment. Des travaux supplémentaires sont donc nécessaires au niveau de la formulation de la couche active.Avec trois polymères de couleur rouge (P3HT), bleu (B1) et vert (G1), nous avons préparé des mélanges ternaires efficaces permettant l'obtention de couleurs jusque là indisponibles . Nous avons fait une étude sur le piégeage et les mécanismes de diodes parallèles associés aux mélanges. En général, nous avons constaté que les mélanges ternaires de polymères bleu et vert peuvent être décrits par une mécanisme de diodes parallèles, sans entrainer de perte de performances, ce qui n'est pas possible pour les systèmes P3HT:B1 :PCBM et P3HT:G1:PCBM qui se piègent mutuellement. L’objectif final du projet est l'impression de la couche photo-active ternaire d'une cellule solaire organique, composites ternaires (polymère:polymères:acceptor) ou dopés avec les SWCNT. Cette étape nécessite encore des développements futursTwo approaches were followed to achieve increased control over properties of the photo-active layer (PAL) in solution processed polymer solar cells. This was accomplished by either (1) the addition of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to improve the charge transport properties of the device or (2) the realization of dual donor polymer ternary blends to achieve colour-tuned devices.In the first component of the study, P3HT:PC61BM blends were doped with SWCNTs with the ambition to improve the morphology and charge transport within the PAL. The SWCNTs were functionalized with alkyl chains to increase their dispersive properties in solution, increase their interaction with the P3HT polymer matrix, and to disrupt the metallic characteristic of the tubes, which ensures that the incorporated SWCNTs are primarily semi-conducting. P3HT:PCBM:CNT composite films were characterized and prepared for use as the photoactive layer within the inverted solar cell. The CNT doping acts to increase order within the active layer and improve the active layer’s charge transport properties (conductivity) as well as showed some promise to increase the stability of the device. The goal is that improved charge transport will allow high level PSC performance as the active layer thickness and area is increased, which is an important consideration for large-area inkjet printing. The use of ternary blends (two donor polymers with a fullerene acceptor) in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices was investigated as a future means to colour-tune ink-jet printed PSCs. The study involved the blending of two of the three chosen donor polymers [red (P3HT), blue (B1), and green (G1)] with PC61BM. Through EQE measurements, it was shown that even devices with blends exhibiting poor efficiencies, caused by traps, both polymers contributed to the PV effect. However, traps were avoided to create a parallel-like BHJ when two polymers were chosen with suitable physical compatibility (harmonious solid state mixing), and appropriate HOMO-HOMO energy band alignment. The parallel diode model was used to describe the PV circuit of devices with the B1:G1:PC61BM ternary blend
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Dal-Palu, Myriam. "La sensibilité du sujet : une nouvelle anthropologie psychanalytique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30056/document.
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La sensibilité est souvent assimilée à cette part de l’homme peu fréquentable, subversive, empêchant la maîtrise toute, dans une civilisation dominée par le contrôle, la rentabilité et les technosciences. La question de la sensibilité se limite souvent à une approche parcellaire de la culture des sens. C’est pourquoi nous avons approfondi notre réflexion d’un point de vue épistémologique pour en cerner davantage les enjeux pour la clinique et en déduire une réflexion enrichissante pour le champ éducatif, dont le résultat témoigne d’un entrelacs constant entre réflexion, pratique, analyse et recherche. Pour ce faire, notre méthodologie de recherche a pris appui sur une approche résolument psychanalytique, à partir du noeud borroméen de Jacques Lacan. Ainsi, nous poserons que l’Homme est fragile par sa dimension paradoxale : appelé à jouir par sa dimension incarnée, il se retrouve à être sexué et mortel, confronté ainsi à une finitude le marquant du sceau du « Pas Tout », et qu’il est riche potentiellement par ce que nous nommerons sa dimension ternaire ou Tridimensionnelle – soma (le corps) – psyché (l’âme) - pneuma (l’esprit) – afin de prendre en compte non seulement ses potentialités somatiques, psychiques mais aussi pneumatiques. Nous soulignerons que la sensibilité a été régulièrement pensée en termes de « dualité » et non dans une logique de « ternarité ». Puis nous proposerons une conceptualisation ternaire, borroméenne et paradoxale de la Sensibilité du Sujet, espérant apporter une certaine stabilité et consistance à ce concept, à partir d’une clinique psychanalytique, pour l’éducation d’un Sujet vivant en de-venirSensibility often relates to that part of man that is disreputable, subversive, refraining man’s total self-control in a civilisation obsessed with control, profitability and technoscience. The topic of sensitivity often limits itself to the fragmented approach of the culture of senses. That is the reason why we have focused our attention upon the epistemological angle in order to further understand what is at stake for the clinic and draw a valuable reflection out of it for education, whose result reveals the constant interaction between thought, practice, analysis and research. To achieve this, our methodology of research is centred upon a highly psychoanalytic approach, based on Lacan’s Borromean knot. Thus, we postulate that Man is fragile through his paradoxical dimension: he finds himself a sexual and mortal being making the most of himself through his incarnate dimension and is faced with a finiteness that binds him to the “notall”. Furthermore, he has such a rich potential drawn upon the ternary or three-dimensional dimension–i.e. soma (the body), psyche (the soul), pneuma (the spirit)–that he has become aware of his somatic, psychic as well as pneumatic potentialities. We want to highlight the fact that Sensibility has been regularly thought in terms of “duality” rather than a logic of ternarity. We propose that the Subject’s Sensibility be based upon a ternary, Borromean and paradoxical conceptualisation with a view to bring some stability and consistence to this very concept through a psychoanalytical clinic for the education of a living Subject to be-come
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Provost, Elise. "Études thermodynamique et structurale de deux n-alcanes lourds (n-hexacosane et n-octacosane) et de leurs mélanges dans des solvants organiques contenant sept atomes de carbone." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL069N.
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Les risques de formation de dépôts lors de l'exploitation des bruts pétroliers paraffiniques augmentent les couts de production. Ces dépôts sont principalement constitués de n-alcanes. Des études sont donc mises en œuvre, en particulier dans notre laboratoire pour analyser ce phénomène. Dans notre travail, nous avons tout d'abord mesuré les propriétés thermodynamiques et structurales des deux n-alcanes (n-hexacosane et n-octacosane). Nous avons ensuite déterminé et calculé le diagramme (n-hexacosane : n-octacosane) dans sa partie centrale en utilisant des expressions de margules à deux paramètres pour représenter la non idéalité des phases solides b'' et b-ri. La solubilité des deux n-alcanes a ensuite été mesurée dans le n-heptane, le méthylcyclohexane et le toluène. Il n'y a pas d'influence notable de la nature du solvant. Les courbes de solubilité ont été calculées en utilisant des expressions à paramètres ajustables de l'énergie de Gibbs d'excès. Les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus avec les expressions de margules à-deux paramètres et nrtl. Ces conclusions nous ont conduits à étudier le système ternaire (n-hexacosane : n-octacosane : n-heptane). La solubilité de deux mélanges (n-hexacosane : n-octacosane) dans le n-heptane ainsi que deux coupes isothermes ont été mesurées. Nous avons note que la solubilité du n-hexacosane augmente lorsqu'on ajoute un peu de n-octacosane. Ceci est du à la formation d'une phase solide (identique à celle rencontrée dans le domaine central du diagramme n-hexacosance : n-octacosane), plus soluble que le corps pur. Les résultats expérimentaux ont été restitués en utilisant des expressions de Redditch-Kister à deux paramètres et nrtl, pour représenter la phase liquide. Seuls les paramètres d'interaction binaire, définis dans l'étude des systèmes correspondants, ont été pris en compte. Les résultats obtenus sont en bon accord avec les valeurs expérimentales. Les interactions ternaires peuvent donc être négligées. Ce travail est encourageant puisque la démarche adoptée, simple car elle ne fait intervenir que des paramètres d'interaction binaire, est applicable à des fluides synthétiques plus complexes, représentant mieux les bruts pétroliers réels.
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Flynn, Terrance J. "Linear stability analysis of a solidifying ternary alloy." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4594.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 164. Thesis director: Daniel Anderson. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mathematics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 163). Also issued in print.
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Prins, Sara Natalia. "The AI-Pt-Ru ternary phase diagram." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09192005-163724/.
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Roeckerath, Jens Martin. "Seltenerd-basierte ternäre Oxide als alternative Gatedielektrika." Jülich Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1000340139/34.
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Naughton, Gerard P. (Gerard Peter). "Haar Measure on the Cantor Ternary Set." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504018/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine certain questions concerning the Cantor ternary set. The second chapter deals with proving that the Cantor ternary set is equivalent to the middle thirds set of [0,1], closed, compact, and has Lebesgue measure zero. Further a proof that the Cantor ternary set is a locally compact, Hausdorff topological group is given. The third chapter is concerned with establishing the existence of a Haar integral on certain topological groups. In particular if G is a locally compact and Hausdorff topological group, then there is a non-zero translation invariant positive linear form on G. The fourth chapter deals with proving that for any Haar integral I on G there exists a unique Haar measure on G that represents I.
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Behdad, Sadegh. "Novel Ternary Magnesium-Tin Alloys by Microalloying." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2313.
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The objective of this research was to explore the possibility of developing novel Magnesium-Tin alloys with improved mechanical properties by micro-alloying. Magnesium is the lightest of all structural metals. It can be machined faster and with almost half the power required for aluminum. There is a limitless supply of magnesium in sea water and it can also be recycled at 5% of initial energy requirements. These properties make magnesium an ideal green alternative to replace metals and polymers in automotive, aerospace, biomedical and defense sectors. The potential weight reduction in the US automotive market alone, leads to 100 billion gallons of gas saved and 6.5 billion gallons of CO2 emissions reduced per year.
In defense and aerospace markets, China is the leading foreign supplier of rare earth metals necessary for fabrication of current high-performance Mg alloys, making core defense technologies vulnerable to the interruption of Chinese imports. In the past, China has used its control over mining, application and import of rare earth metals as a strategic leverage. These new Magnesium-Tin ternary alloys offer an alternative that can be made from domestic resources improving national security and minimizing foreign dependence on rare earth metals import.
Our results establish that microalloying can tackle issues arising from sluggish precipitate formation kinetics and precipitate size distribution in binary Magnesium-Tin alloys. These new alloys also offer an order of magnitude reduction in heat treatment time (from approximately 1000 hours to less than 100 hours), which makes the benefits of their application two-fold by decreasing manufacturing energy costs and production time. This can also open the route for development of new age-hardenable wrought Magnesium alloys.
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Wang, Laurie Luo. "Excess enthalpies of binary and ternary mixtures." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9457.
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The research work involved in this study can be described in two aspects: the experimental determination of excess enthalpies, H$\rm\sp{E},$ for some binary and ternary liquid mixtures; and a theoretical study of various approaches for the representation of experimental H$\rm\sp{E}$ data. To determine the excess enthalpies of desired systems, a series of calorimetric experiments have been carried out for 15 binary and six ternary mixtures with an LKB flow microcalorimeter. A new model, based on statistical thermodynamic principles, has been developed for representing and predicting the excess enthalpy of a ternary mixture from correlation of the H$\rm\sp{E}$ values of its constituent binaries. The analyses of experimental results were carried out with several solution models, such as the Flory theory model, an association model, the DISQUAC model, the NRTL model, the UNIQUAC model, and the model developed in this study. The applicability of the proposed model for predicting ternary H$\rm\sp{E}$ values was further investigated. In addition to the six ternary systems experimentally studied in this work, six more ternary systems were selected from the literature. For comparison, the same calculations were also carried out with the 3-parameter NRTL and 2-parameter UNIQUAC models.
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Lam, Robert. "New ternary pnictides at the Zintl border." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0008/NQ59618.pdf.
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Monast, Patrick. "Wetting behavior of ternary mixtures containing surfactants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64410.pdf.
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蕭偉泉 and Wai-chuen Siu. "Small prime solutions of some ternary equations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213595.
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Siddons, Daniel James. "Synthetic routes to binary and ternary nitrides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363637.
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Mokhtar, Makhfudzah. "Improved digital ternary performance in optical communication." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438135.
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Vanage, Priti Vasant. "Synthesis of ternary heterogeneous azeotropic reaction-separation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506227.
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This thesis presents a systematic approach for the synthesis of reaction-separation-recycle flowsheets including ternary heterogeneous azeotropic mixtures. The methodology incorporates three main components. Firstly, a shortcut distillation model for heterogeneous azeotropic distillation columns is developed. Secondly, a synthesis methodology is proposed for generating, evaluating and screening separation flowsheet alternatives. Finally, the separation flowsheet synthesis methodology is systematically integrated with an existing reactor network design methodology to generate feasible and cost-effective reaction-separation-recycle flowsheets. Heterogeneous azeotropic distillation systems include distillation and decanting operations. Columns with stand-alone decanters and with integrated decanters are considered for separation. A shortcut distillation model is proposed, based on Underwood's method, which is modified to calculate the minimum reflux ratio in ternary heterogeneous distillation columns for direct and indirect splits. The new model requires determination of the controlling fixed point for a given type of split. Case studies demonstrate the applicability of the model for various ternary heterogeneous azeotropic systems. The minimum reflux requirements predicted by the model are in good agreement with those of the more rigorous boundary value method results using commercial software DISTIL and rigorous simulation results using HYSYS. A systematic procedure for synthesising and screening economically promising distillation sequences separating ternary heterogeneous azeotropic mixtures is proposed. The algorithm of Tao et al. (2003) to generate high-purity separation alternatives using distillation and stand-alone decanters is extended to include integrated distillation-decanting configurations. High recoveries of these high-purity products are obtained by recycling non-product streams to suitable destinations within the flowsheet. The recycle destination selection heuristics proposed by Tao et al. (2003) are extended to eliminate uneconomical alternatives. The minimum vapour load of the sequence calculated using the new shortcut model is used as a cost indicator to evaluate and screen separation alternatives. Case studies illustrate the applicability of the synthesis approach and show advantages to integrating distillation and decanting within the separation sequence. A systematic methodology is proposed for synthesising feasible and economically attractive reaction-separation-recycle flowsheets including ternary heterogeneous azeotropic mixtures. Using the separation flowsheet synthesis procedure, flowsheet alternatives are generated and evaluated for separation feed compositions lying in various regions of the ternary composition space. These separation flowsheets are used to construct cost functions in terms of the feed conditions, such as flow rates and compositions. The cost functions are applied within an optimisation framework to explore reaction-separation trade-offs. The reaction-separation-recycle synthesis problem is formulated mathematically with continuous and discrete variables. Economically attractive flowsheets are synthesised by optimisation, using the stochastic optimisation technique of simulated annealing. Two industrially important case studies, vinyl acetate and di-isopropyl ether production, demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
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Gu, Jingjing. "Ternary Oxide Structures for High Temperature Lubrication." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804963/.
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In this research, a temperature dependent tribological investigation of selected ternary oxides was undertaken. Based on the promising results of previous studies on silver based ternary oxides, copper based ternary oxides were selected to conduct a comparative study since both copper and silver are located in the same group in the periodic table of the elements. Two methods were used to create ternary oxides: (i) solid chemical synthesis to create powders and (ii) sputtering to produce thin films. X-ray diffraction was used to explore the evolution of phases, chemical properties, and structural properties of the coatings before and after tribotesting. Scanning electron microscopy, Auger scanning nanoprobe spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the chemical and morphological properties of these materials after sliding tests. These techniques revealed that chameleon coatings of copper ternary oxides produce a friction coefficient of 0.23 when wear tested at 430 °C. The low friction is due to the formation of copper tantalate phase and copper in the coatings. All sputtering coatings showed similar tribological properties up to 430 °C.
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Esselburn, Jason Dennis. "Porosity and Permeability in Ternary Sediment Mixtures." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1245949430.
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Kay, Rajiv Robert. "Actinide partition in humic colloidal ternary systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/actinide-partition-in-humic-colloidal-ternary-systems(c21f9744-46fb-477f-9ebc-af87d3e6fca0).html.
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The partition of radionuclides between solid and solution phase has been studied in humic/quartz sand ternary systems. Data have been recorded under ambient (air) and inert (O2 and CO2 free) atmospheres. For Eu (III) and Th (IV), the systems show simple ternary behaviour, with sorption decreasing (and mobility increasing) in the presence of humic, whilst for U (VI), the behaviour is more complex, with the humic enhancing sorption and reducing mobility. There is also evidence that the sorbed humic has an enhanced affinity for the uranyl, which is probably due to fractionation of the humic. Further, the behaviour of plutonium has also been studied in these systems. Pu (IV) showed the simple ternary characteristics, which had been observed for Eu (III) and Th (IV). Pu (V) and Pu (VI) systems exhibited more complex behaviour, with low concentrations of humic actually enhancing sorption, probably due to ternary complex formation. A simple mathematical model has been developed to predict the behaviour of both metal ion and humic acid. The model performs well in predicting the partition of the humic and that of the metal ions in the systems that show simpler ternary behaviour.
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Siu, Wai-chuen. "Small prime solutions of some ternary equations /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17538191.
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Pauletich, Evan. "Introducing Multi-Tribrackets: A Ternary Coloring Invariant." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2130.
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We begin by introducing knots and links generally and identifying various geometric, polynomial, and integer-based knot and link invariants. Of particular importance to this paper are ternary operations and Niebrzydowski tribrackets defined in [12], [10]. We then introduce multi-tribrackets, ternary algebraic structures following the specified region coloring rules with di↵erent operations at multi-component and single component crossings. We will explore examples of each of the invariants and conclude with remarks on the direction of the introduced multi-tribracket theory.
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Salgado, Eveline Viana. "Technical and economical response of cunhà crop to water and phosphate fertilizer in the curu valley, CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5230.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThis study had as its objective to study the effect of water depths and phosphorus levels and their interaction on productivity and economic components of the production cunhà (Clitoria ternatea L.). The experiment was conducted at the Curu Valley Experimental Farm in Pentecoste - Cearà in the period of september 2007 to March 2008. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with split plots, composed of four primary treatments in the plots, four secondary treatments in subplots and four blocks. The treatments is the combination of four irrigation depths (W1 = 615.2 mm; W2 = 605.1 mm; W3 = 540.6 mm; W4 = 365.6 mm) with four levels of phosphate fertilizer (P0 = 0; P1 = 150; P2 = 300; P3 = 450 kg ha-1de P2O5). The crop was established in the field in the spacing of 0.40 m x 0.40 m, being irrigated by a conventional spraying system (Line Source Sprinkler System), with frequency of five days. As results, the factor of production water influenced to a significance level of 1.3% the forage green mass, however, the factor of production phosphorus and the interaction between the two factors showed no significant difference between treatments at 5% level of probability. The maximum yield was estimated 73726.7 kg ha-1mm-1, obtained with the application of 700.4 mm of water and 86.74 kg ha-1 phosphorus. The factor of production water had been limiting the efficiency of cunha, that is not happening with the factor of production phosphorus. The average productivity of water presented no change to the levels of phosphorus, the same occurred with the water depths exceeding 540 mm.
O estudo teve como objetivo estudar o efeito das lÃminas de Ãgua e dos nÃveis de fÃsforo e sua interaÃÃo sobre a produtividade econÃmica e componentes de produÃÃo da cunhà (Clitoria ternatea L.). O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, Pentecoste, CearÃ, no perÃodo de setembro de 2007 a marÃo de 2008. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, composto de quatro tratamentos primÃrios nas parcelas, quatro tratamentos secundÃrios nas subparcelas e quatro blocos. Os tratamentos constituÃram-se da combinaÃÃo de quatro lÃminas de Ãgua (W1=615,2 mm; W2=605,1 mm; W3=540,6 mm e W4=365,6 mm) e quatro nÃveis de adubaÃÃo fosfatada (P0=0; P1=150; P2=300; P3=450 kg.ha-1 de P2O5). A cultura foi estabelecida no campo com espaÃamento de 0,40 m x 0,40 m, irrigada por um sistema de aspersÃo convencional âLine Source Sprinkler Systemâ, com freqÃÃncia de cinco dias. Conforme resultados obtidos, o fator de produÃÃo Ãgua influenciou em nÃvel de significÃncia de 1,3% a massa verde de forragem, no entanto, o fator de produÃÃo fÃsforo e a interaÃÃo entre os dois fatores nÃo apresentaram diferenÃas significativas entre os tratamentos em nÃvel de 5% de probabilidade. A produtividade mÃxima estimada foi de 73726,7 kg.ha-1mm-1, obtido com a aplicaÃÃo de 700,4 mm de Ãgua e 86,74 kg.ha-1 de fÃsforo. O fator de produÃÃo Ãgua se apresentou limitante ao rendimento da cunhÃ, o mesmo nÃo ocorrendo com o fator de produÃÃo fÃsforo. A produtividade mÃdia da Ãgua nÃo apresentou alteraÃÃo com os nÃveis de fÃsforo, o mesmo ocorrendo com os nÃveis de Ãgua superiores a 540 mm.
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Beckett, Kirsty A. "Multispectral analysis of high spatial resolution 256-channel radiometrics for soil and regolith mapping." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1434.
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Over the past decade studies into the application of radiometrics for soil and regolith mapping have met with mixed response. While the use of radiometric data for regolith mapping has been generally well received, radiometric methods have not commonly been adopted to assist and improve soil mapping. This thesis contributes to the development of radiometric techniques as soil and regolith mapping tools by examining soil characteristics and radiometric response using non-standard radiometric methods. This is accomplished through the development of new data processing methodologies, which extracts additional information from standard radiometric data that is unattainable using standard processing methods, and development of a new interpretation approach to soil and regolith mapping employing the multispectral processed radiometric data. The new multispectral processing methodology resolves seven gamma ray peaks from standard 256-channel NaI radiometric data to produce new radiometric uranium ternary, thorium ternary and uranium ratio imagery. Changes in the gamma ray relationships, identified through the new imagery, identify changes in soil and/or environmental conditions that are absent or difficult to identify in the standard radiometric imagery. With the isolation of non-standard thorium channels 228 [superscript] Ac (900 keV) and 228 [superscript] Ac (1600 keV), case studies in this thesis demonstrate how the difference of 1.9 years (half-life) between thorium 228 [superscript] Ac and 232 [superscript] Th decay daughter products can be mapped through the interpretation of thorium energy using ternary imagery [red: 208 [superscript] Tl (1764 keV), green: 228 [superscript] Ac (900 keV), blue: 228 [superscript] Ac (1600 keV)]. Energy peak differences may be be linked to local variations in soil chemistry, soil movement, and water movement.Additionally, through the isolation of non-standard uranium channels 214 [superscript] Bi (1120 keV) and 214 [superscript] Bi (1253 keV), preferential attenuation of lower energy gamma-rays from 214 [superscript] Bi decay events are exploited to map variations in soil density and/or porosity. These variations are illustrated through the interpretation of uranium energy using ternary imagery [red: 214 [superscript] Bi (1764 keV), green: 214 [superscript] Bi (1120 keV), blue: 214 [superscript] Bi (1253 keV)] and uranium peak energy ratio [214 [superscript] Bi 1120 keV / 214 [superscript] Bi 1764 keV] pseudo colour imagery. Case studies examined in this thesis explore the characteristics of 256-channel radiometric spectrum from different resolution datasets from different Western Australian soil types, provide recommendations for acquiring radiometric data for soil mapping in different agricultural environments, demonstrate how high resolution 256-channel radiometric data can be used to model soil properties in three-dimensions, and illustrate how three-dimension soil models can be used to separate surface waterlogging influences from rising groundwater induced waterlogging.
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Alsulaimani, Hamdan. "STRICT REGULARITY OF POSITIVE DEFINITE TERNARY QUADRATIC FORMS." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1294.
Full textAbstract:
An integral quadratic form is said to be strictly regular if it primitively represents all integers that are primitively represented by its genus. The goal of this dissertation is to extend the systematic investigation of the positive definite ternary primitive integral quadratic forms and lattices that are candidates for strict regularity. An integer that is primitively represented by a genus, but not by some specific form in that genus, is called a primitive exception for that form. So, the strictly regular forms are those forms for which there are no primitive exceptions. Our computations of primitive exceptions for each of the 119 positive definite regular ternary forms which lie in multiple-class genera, and of the companion forms in their genera, show that there are 45 inequivalent such forms that are candidates for strict regularity. We provide a proof of the strict regularity of one of these candidates, bringing the total number of forms for which such proofs are known to 15, and prove partial results on the integers primitively represented by the other form in its genus. The theory of primitive spinor exceptional integers is used to analyze the primitive exceptions for the forms in two other genera known to contain a regular ternary form. In these cases, results are obtained relating the primitive representation of certain integers c by a given form in one of these genera to the primitive representation of the integers 4c and 9c by the forms in the genus.
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Lin, Tingdong. "On the phase behavior and particle formation in polyimide/solvent/nonsolvent ternary systems." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165916/.
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Schiemann, Alexander. "Ternäre positiv definite quadratische Formen mit gleichen Darstellungszahlen." Bonn : [s.n.], 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31760889.html.
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Wagner, Christian. "Ternäre Verbindungen von Ruthenium mit Chalkogenen und Halogenen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96124030X.
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