Journal articles: 'Ternary powder system'

1

Steiner, U., and W. Reichelt. "Zum System Sr/Mo/O: Phasendiagramm, Synthese und Charakterisierung der ternären Verbindungen / On the System Sr/Mo/O: Phase Diagram, Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary Compounds." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1998-0119.

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The phase diagram of the ternary system Sr/Mo/O has been determined at a temperature of 1000°C. Powder samples of the ternary compounds SrMoO4, Sr3MoO6, SrMoO3, Sr2MoO4 and SrMo5O8 were prepared by solid state reactions. The thermochemical data of all ternary compounds were determined. A new compound, Sr3Mo2O7, with a layered perovskite structure (a = 3.967(1), c = 20.588(5) Å, I4/mmm) was found. Rietveld analysis based on powder X-ray diffraction data confirms that the compound Sr2MoO4 has the K2NiF4 structure (I4/mmm) with a = 3.9176(1), c = 12.8545(4) Å.

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Wies, S., and W. Eysel. "Crystal chemistry of the system Bi2O3–CdO–GeO2." Powder Diffraction 11, no. 2 (June 1996): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600009015.

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The ternary phase diagram of the system Bi2O3-CdO-GeO2 was investigated in several isothermal sections using predominantly X-ray powder diffraction. The following phases are described with respect to their crystal chemistry, phase relations and powder patterns: Bi2−2xCd2x(O3−x⍽9+x) (solid solution with anti-α-AgI structure), CdGeO3 (complicated polymorphism), Bi12GeO20 (stoichiometric sillenite), Cd-sillenite (solid solution), Bi1.8Cd0.2GeO4.9 (metastable, new phase, new structure type with GeO5 polyhedra), Bi2CdGeO6 (new ternary oxide, new structure type).

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Yang, Menghui, Zhen He, Xia Chen, Mingxia Li, and Ziling Peng. "Comparative Study on the Macroscopic and Microscopic Properties of UHPC Mixed with Limestone Powder and Slag Powder." Geofluids 2021 (April 6, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5510490.

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This paper explores the development laws of the fluidity, compressive strength, and autogenous shrinkage of ultrahigh performance cement (UHPC) mixed with limestone powder (LP) and highly active ground slag powder (SP). A microscopic analysis was conducted on the hydration products and pore structures. Through quantitative research on the packing density and fractal dimension of particles in different systems, the relationship between particle characteristics and UHPC properties was established. As a result, the packing densities of the UHPC mixed solely with LP (binary system) and UHPC mixed with LP and silica fume (ternary system) are higher than those of UHPC mixed with the same amount of SP and the benchmark UHPC system; fractal dimension of particle size distribution is closely related to packing density. The LP-cement-silica fume ternary system was lowly hydrated, but it has a good grain composition and high density of slurry, which improved the compressive strength of UHPC. The compressive strength of UHPC mixed with 50% LP witnessed a more obvious decline than that of the ternary system and the one with the same amount of SP. The reason lies in the decrease in slurry due to a lack of sufficient active constituents, and the hydration products were far from enough to fill the pores in the system. LP can also inhibit autogenous shrinkage to the greatest degree for the LP-mixed binary system performed best in such inhibition.

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Abu-Lebdeh, Taher M., Ransford Damptey, Liviu Marian Ungureanu, and Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu. "A Ternary Model for Particle Packing Optimization." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 4 (April 10, 2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6040113.

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Powder packing in metal powders is an important aspect of additive manufacturing (otherwise known as 3-D printing), as it directly impacts the physical and mechanical properties of materials. Improving the packing density of powder directly impacts the microstructure of the finished 3D-printed part and ultimately enhances the surface finish. To obtain the most efficient packing of a given powder, different powder blends of that material must be mixed to minimize the number of voids, irrespective of the irregularities in the particle morphology and flowability, thereby increasing the density of the powder. To achieve this, a methodology for mixing powder must be developed, for each powder type, to obtain the maximum packing density. This paper presents a model that adequately predicts the volumetric fraction of the powder grades necessary for obtaining the maximum packing density for a given powder sample. The model factors in the disparity between theoretical assumptions and the experimental outcome by introducing a volume reduction factor. We outline the model development steps in this paper, testing it with a real-world powder system.

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Steiner, U., and W. Reichelt. "Zum System Ca/Mo/O: Phasendiagramm, Synthese und Charakterisierung der ternären Verbindungen / On the System Ca/Mo/O: Phase Diagram, Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary Compounds." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-1003.

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The phase diagram of the ternary system Ca/Mo/O has been determined. Powder samples of the ternary compounds CaMoO4, CaMoO3, CaMo5O8, Ca16.5Mo13.5O40 and Ca5.45Mo18O32 were prepared by solid state reactions. Rietveld analysis based on powder X-ray diffraction data shows that the compound CaMo5O8 has monoclinic structure (P21/c) with a = 7.549, b = 9.064, c = 9.974 Å, β = 110.04°. CaMo5O8, Ca16.5Mo13.5O40 and Ca5.45Mo18O32 are semiconductors over the temperature range 75 to 300 K.

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Dong, Yun, Kai Tao Xiao, and Hua Quan Yang. "Influence of Limestone Powder on the Performance of Cementitious Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.123.

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This paper study on the mortar strength, particle gradation and mortar fluidity of binary and ternary systems for cementitious materials with limestone powder or fly ash, analyze the influence of limestone powders with different specific surface areas and contents on the performance of cementitious materials; and research the performance of limestone powder in cementitious materials by means of micro analysis. The result shows that the limestone powder can not only work as the filling material, but also speed up the early hydration of cement in the cementitious material system.

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Senchuk, Oleksandr, and Roman E. Gladyshevskii. "Interaction of the Components in the {Ce, Gd}-{Ti, Zr}-Sb Systems." Solid State Phenomena 289 (April 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.289.3.

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The phase equilibria in the ternary systems {Ce, Gd}–{Ti, Zr}–Sb were investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The isothermal sections of the phase diagrams at 600°C were constructed. The formation of three ternary compounds (Ce2Ti7Sb12, Ce3TiSb5, and Gd2Ti11Sb14) was confirmed in the {Ce, Gd}–Ti–Sb systems and no more ternaries were found. The investigation of the {Ce, Gd}–Zr–Sb systems revealed several new ternary compounds and confirmed the known ones. The crystal structure of the new compound Ce0.08(3)Zr1.92(3)Sb was determined from X-ray powder diffraction data. The other new compounds in the Ce–Zr–Sb system were found to have compositions close to ~CeZrSb4and ~Ce2Zr3Sb5. In the Gd–Zr–Sb system the existence of a large homogeneity range was established for the GdZrSb compound along the isoconcentrate 33.3 at.% Sb: Gd1-xZr1+xSb (x= 00.905(18) at 600°C), and a new compound, ~Gd3Zr3Sb14, was discovered. The crystal structures at the boundary compositions of the Gd1-xZr1+xSb phase were refined from X-ray powder diffraction data.

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Henriques, Margarida S., Thomas Malnoe, Olivier Tougait, Rui Vilar, and Antonio Pereira Gonçalves. "Isothermal Sections of the U-Fe-Sb Ternary System." Solid State Phenomena 194 (November 2012): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.194.21.

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A systematic study on the ternary uranium-iron-antimony was made at 700 and 750°C through powder X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry. The assessed sections confirmed the existence and crystal structure of the binary intermetallic compounds as well as the ternary phase UFeSb2. Moreover it was found that UFeSb2 is part of a solid solution, UFe1-xSb2, stable for 193Fe3-xSb4, crystallizing in the cubic type Y3Au3Sb4 and stable for 22

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9

Zhang, Rui, and Pekka Taskinen. "Phase Equilibria in the BaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ Ternary System at 1500 °C." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.565.

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Phase equilibria of the BaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system was experimentally investigated using a quenching technique and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Analysis (EDS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). A ternary compound was confirmed in the present work. The liquidus composition in equilibrium with the ternary compound at 1500 °C were quantified. The isothermal sections of the BaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system at 1400 °C, 1500 °C, 1600 °C, and 1700 °C were calculated. Based on the data acquired, the isothermal section at 1500 °C was constructed.

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10

Bao, X., L. Liu, S. Huang, Y. Jiang, X. Wang, and L. Zhang. "Phase relationships in the Al-rich region of the Al-Y-Zr system." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 53, no. 1 (2017): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb151011019b.

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The phase relations in the Al-Y-Zr ternary system at 873 K have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in backscattered electron imaging (BSE) modes. Six three-phase equilibria are determined and no ternary compound is observed. In the meantime, first principle calculations are used to provide theoretical guidance to understand the experimental results.

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Milashius, V., V. Pavlyuk, G. Dmytriv, and H. Ehrenberg. "Phase equilibria and crystal structure relationships in the ternary Li–B–C system." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 4 (2018): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qi00787f.

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12

Minic, D., M. Premovic, N. Toskovic, D. Manasijevic, V. Cosovic, M. Janackovic, and M. Tomovic. "Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculations of the Bi-Ni-Pb phase diagram." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 55, no. 2 (2019): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb181128024m.

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The article presents an experimental study of a phase diagram of a ternary Bi-Ni-Pb system using differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The investigated ternary alloys were selected from three vertical sections (x(Bi)=0.75, x(Ni)=0.1 and x(Pb)=0.9) and two isothermal sections at 100 and at 300?C. The obtained experimental results were compared with the thermodynamically extrapolated phase diagram of the Bi-Ni-Pb ternary system based on the thermodynamic parameters for the constitutive binary systems available in literature. Reasonably close agreement between the experimental data and the calculated phase diagram was obtained.

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13

Xiao, Qiu Guo, Gang Cheng Ding, Tang Zhong Long, and Shao Hua Shen. "Application of High Temperature Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction on Determination of Ternary System." Materials Science Forum 689 (June 2011): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.689.355.

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This paper has put forward a high-temperature quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis method for the determination of an isothermal section of a ternary system in comparison with a conventional method. In a three-phase region of the isothermal section at 1150 °C of Cu2O(CuO)-Al2O3-SiO2 pseudo-ternary system, the compositions of the solid phase points of three system points are determined according to the quantitative analysis of the crystalline phases in the samples carried out by Rietveld method. Then the liquid phase point of the three-phase region is determined according to the crosspoints of the tie lines of every pair of system point and solid phase point. The precisions of the analytical results have reached to be 0.1 ~ 5.0 %. By comparison, a good result is obtained for the determination of the liquid phase point of the three-phase region in the isothermal section at 1150 °C when the analytical results of high-temperature RQA analysis are used in determination of the isothermal section of the pseudo-ternary system.

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14

Klesnar, H., and P. Rogl. "The ternary system: Aluminum–iron–praseodymium." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 1 (January 1991): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0053.

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Phase equilibria in the ternary system Pr–Fe–Al have been established in an isothermal section at 800 °C from room temperature x-ray powder diffraction analysis of about 50 alloys, which were melted, annealed at 800 °C, and quenched. Phase equilibria are characterized by the formation of rather extended homogeneous regions, i.e., by a random substitution of Fe/Al in Pr(Al1−xFex)2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15, in Pr2(Fe1−xAlx)17, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.65, as well as by the formation of at least four ternary compounds. Whereas the existence of PrFe4Al8 with the CeMn4Al8-type structure has been confirmed, there were no indications for a compound “PrFe6Al6” earlier claimed to crystallize with the ThMn12-type structure. Pr6(Fe1−xAlx)14, 0.16 ≤ x ≤ 0.36 with a homogeneous region parallel to the Fe–Al binary, was found to be isotypic with the La6Co11Ga3-type of structure. Pr-rich alloys are liquid at 800 °C, and all the alloys Pr2(Fe1−xAlx)17 with aluminum concentrations less than 5 at.% Al (x ∼ 0.07) enter a two-phase equilibrium with the Pr-rich liquid. At temperatures below 800 °C, alloys with compositions close to 30 at.% Pr and 5 at.% Al show a further ternary phase on solidification, whose crystal structure is related to the La6Co11Ga3-type. PrFe2Al8 is a new representative of the CeFe2Al8-type structure. The crystal structure of the ternary compound richest in Al, PrFe2Al10, has not been solved yet.

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15

Zinko, L., G. Nychyporuk, and R. Gladyshevskii. "The system Hf–Re–Si at 10000C." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 3 (June 2023): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-148-3-72-76.

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The interaction of the components in the ternary system Hf–Re–Si was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The isothermal section of the phase diagram at 10000C was constructed in the full concentration range. The limits of solubility of Si in the binary compounds Hf5Re24 and HfRe2 were found to be 11 and 16 at.%, respectively. The existence of three ternary compounds was confirmed and their crystal structures were refined: HfReSi2 (ZrCrSi2-type structure, space group Pbam, a=9.1271(3) Å, b=10.0356(4) Å, c=8.0708(3) Å), HfReSi (ZrNiAl-type structure, space group P-62m, a=6.9240(2) Å, c=3.3890(1) Å) and k-phase Hf9+xRe4–xSi (Hf9Mo4B-type structure, space group P63/mmc, a=8.5835(12) Å, c=8.7135(13) Å). The character of the interaction between the components in the Hf–Re–Si system and related ternary systems is briefly discussed.

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Reardon, Brian J., and Camden R. Hubbard. "A Review of the XRD Data of the Phases Present in the CaO-SrO-PbO System." Powder Diffraction 7, no. 2 (June 1992): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600018315.

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AbstractX-ray powder patterns for the phases in the CaO-SrO-PbO ternary system, along with the corresponding crystal structures, were obtained from the literature and from the Powder Diffraction File. Available XRD patterns were compared with each other and with a simulated pattern for each phase, yielding a recommended reference pattern. The simulated powder patterns presented here deal with the phases found within the (Ca,Sr)2PbO4solid solution series and are recommended for the Powder Diffraction File (PDF).

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Thode, James M., Daniel P. Harris, Cheng Wan, and Brian M. Leonard. "Synthesis of Metastable Ternary Pd-W and Pd-Mo Transition Metal Carbide Nanomaterials." Molecules 26, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 6650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216650.

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Research and catalytic testing of platinum group transition metal carbides have been extremely limited due to a lack of reliable, simple synthetic approaches. Powder samples have been reported to phase separately above 1%, and only thin-film samples have been reported to have appreciable amounts of precious metal doping. Herein, we demonstrated, through the simple co-precipitation of Pd and W or Mo precursors and their subsequent annealing, the possibility to readily form ternary carbide powders. During the investigation of the Pd-W ternary system, we discovered a new hexagonal phase, (PdW)2C, which represents the first non-cubic Pd ternary carbide. Additionally, the solubility of Pd in the Pd-W-C and Pd-Mo-C systems was increased to 24 and 32%, respectively. As a potential application, these new materials show an enhanced activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) compared to industrial Pd/C.

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Chen, X. L., and W. Eysel. "Subsolidus phase relations in La2O3–Bi2O3–CuO." Powder Diffraction 14, no. 4 (December 1999): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600010666.

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The subsolidus phase relations in the ternary system La2O3–Bi2O3–CuO at 900 °C were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. A new binary compound, Bi2La4O9, was found, as well as a binary and a ternary solid solution series, Bi1−xLaxO1.5 (0.16≤x≤0.33) and La2−xBixCuO4 (0≤x≤0.11), respectively.

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Krishnarao, R. V., V. V. Ramarao, and Y. R. Mahajan. "In situ formation of MoSi2–SiC through reaction of SiO2 or Si3N4 with Mo and carbon." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 12 (December 1997): 3322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0437.

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Composite powders of molybdenum silicide–SiC were synthesized by reacting mixtures of (Mo–SiO2 –C), (Mo–Si3N4 –C), and (Mo–SiO2 –Si3N4 –C) powders at 1300 °C. In the (Mo–SiO2 –C) system Mo5Si3 and Mo3Si formed predominantly. MoSi2 formed the major constituent of the reaction product from powder mixtures containing Si3N4. Vapor-solid SiC whiskers formed in the (Mo–SiO2 –C) system. Vapor-liquid-solid whiskers of SiC and Mo5Si3C formed in (Mo–SiO2 –Si3N4–C) and (Mo–Si3N4 –C) systems, respectively. The mechanism of formation of the VLS whiskers and molybdenum silicides was identified as follows: initially a thin layer of Mo2C forms on Mo particle; the Si vapor from thermal decomposition of Si3N4 deposits on the Mo2C surface and forms a droplet of ternary “Nowotny phase” Mo<5Si3C<1; an SiC/Mo5Si3C whisker forms by nucleation and growth from the supersaturated ternary phase; after reaction with the Mo2C layer, the SiO/Si vapor further reacts with Mo particle to form bulk silicides.

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Wong-Ng, Winnie. "Structures and X-ray diffraction patterns of compounds in the Sr–Nd–Cu–O system." Powder Diffraction 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600014317.

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A comprehensive review of phases found in the Sr–Nd–Cu–O system which contains the high Tc superconductor phase Sr1−xNdxCuO2 has been prepared. This paper summarizes the crystal structures reported in the literature and the X-ray powder diffraction patterns reported in the ICDD Powder Diffraction File (PDF). In order to supplement the PDF with new patterns, calculated X-ray powder diffraction patterns generated from reported structures are provided for five ternary oxides: Sr0.86Nd0.14CuO2, SrNdCuO3.5, Sr6Nd3Cu6O17, Sr2NdCu2O5.66, and Sr1.2Nd1.8Cu2O6.

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Luo, Qun, Feng Jin, Yang Li, Qian Li, Jie Yu Zhang, and Kuo Chih Chou. "Experimental Investigation of the Phase Equilibria of Al-Zn-Ti System in Al-Rich Corner at 400 °C." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 2210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.2210.

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The phase equilibria in Al-rich corner of the Al-Zn-Ti ternary system at 400 °C were determined by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results showed that this section consisted of three ternary-phase regions, namely, L+(Al)+τ, Ti2Al5+τ+(Al) and Ti2Al5+TiAl3+(Al). The XRD patterns and EDS confirmed that a Ti2Al5-structured phase with containing 4 at.% Zn was stable at 400 °C. Furthermore, the ternary new phase (τ phase) was identified in samples and in equilibrium with (Al), Ti2Al5 and liquid, respectively.

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Zinko, Liana, Galyna Nychyporuk, Oksana Matselko, and Roman Gladyshevskii. "THE The ternary system Hf–Re–Al at 1000 °C." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 24, no. 2 (June 27, 2023): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.24.2.361-366.

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The interaction of the components in the Hf–Re–Al system was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The isothermal section of the phase diagram at 1000 °C was constructed in the full concentration range. A new ternary compound ~Hf5Re2Al2, isostructural with Ti5Ga4 (hP18, P63/mcm), and two extended solid solutions Hf(Re,Al)2 were found.

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Bourguiba, Néji, and Tahar Jouini. "Isothermes 75 °C, des systèmes ternaires limitant le système quaternaire réciproque: H+, K+, PO43−, SO42−, H2O." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 2197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-275.

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The five ternary isotherms limiting the quaternary system mentioned in the title have been established as a first step toward the study of this system at 75 °C and 1 atm (101.3 kPa). This temperature has been chosen in order to be able to apply the results to the industrial preparation of phosphopotassium fertilizers through a sulphuric treatment of a phosphate ore for which the optimum temperature is 70–80 °C. (i) Anhydrous reciprocal ternary system: H2SO4–H3PO4–K2SO4–K3PO4. Solid phases: KHSO4, KH2PO4•KHSO4, KH5(PO4)2, and a solid substituting solution K8(H2PO4)1+x(HSO4)7−x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, continuous between the two limiting compositions KH2PO4•7KHSO4 and KH2PO4•3KHSO4 for which the indexed powder diagrams are given. (ii) Ternary system K3PO4–H3PO4–H2O. Solid phases: KH5(PO4)2, KH2PO4, 3K2HPO4•KH2PO4•2H2O, K2HPO4, and K3PO4•3H2O. (iii) Ternary system K2SO4–H2SO4–H2O. Solid phases: K2SO4, K2SO4•KHSO4, K2SO4•7KHSO4•H2O, and KHSO4. A phenomenon of retrosolubility as a function of the water content has been observed. (iv) Ternary system K2SO4–K3PO4–H2O. Solid phases: K2SO4 and K3PO4•3H2O. (v) The ternary system H3PO4–H2SO4–H2O is formed by only one liquid phase at 75 °C. [Journal translation]

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Yang, Wenchao, Moumiao Liu, Junli Feng, Jingwu Wu, Jun Mao, Zaixiang Du, Xiaojun Ke, Xinjiang Zhang, and Yongzhong Zhan. "Solid State Phase Equilibria of an Al–Sn–Y Ternary System." Materials 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030444.

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A complete understanding of the solid-state phase equilibria of the ternary Al–Sn–Y system is essential for the development of both Al-based structural materials and Sn-based lead-free solders. In this work, the phase relationships in the Al–Sn–Y ternary system at 473 K were investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The existence of 12 binary compounds, namely Sn3Y, Sn5Y2, Sn2Y, Sn10Y11, Sn4Y5, Sn3Y5, AlY2, Al3Y5, Al2Y3, AlY, Al2Y and α–Al3Y, was confirmed. Controversial phases (Sn5Y2 and Al3Y5) were found in this work. This isothermal section consisted of 15 single-phase regions, 27 two-phase regions and 13 three-phase regions. No ternary compounds were found and none of the other phases in this system revealed a remarkable solid solution at 473 K.

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Mammadli, P. R., V. A. Gasimov, and D. M. Babanly. "PHASE RELATIONS IN THE Cu3SbS4-Sb2S3-S SYSTEM." Chemical Problems 20, no. 1 (2022): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2022-1-40-47.

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Phase relations in the Cu3SbS4-Sb2S3-S system were determined experimentally over the entire concentration range by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques. One boundary, two internal polythermal sections, and the liquidus surface projection of the system were constructed. Primary crystallization fields of existing phases, as well as, types and coordinates of non- and monovariant equilibria were determined. It was defined that, the concentration triangle under study is an independent subsystem of the Cu-Sb-S ternary system and belongs to the monotectic type with a wide stratification field of two liquids.

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Reardon, Brian J., and Camden R. Hubbard. "A Review of the XRD Data of the Phases Present in the CaO-SrO-CuO System." Powder Diffraction 7, no. 3 (September 1992): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600018492.

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AbstractX-ray powder patterns for the phases in the CaO-SrO-CuO ternary system, along with the corresponding crystal structures, were obtained from the literature and from the Powder Diffraction File. Available XRD patterns were compared with each other and with a calculated pattern for each phase, yielding a recommended reference pattern. The simulated powder patterns presented here deal with the phases found within the (Ca,Sr)O, (Ca,Sr)2CuO3, (Ca,Sr)14Cu24O41, (Ca,Sr)CuO2, (Ca,Sr)Cu2O3, and (Ca,Sr)Cu2O2 solid solution series and are recommended for the Powder Diffraction File (PDF).

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Dankevych, R., Ya Tokaychuk, and R. Gladyshevskii. "The ternary system Gd–Ge–Sn at 600 0C." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 5 (October 2023): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-150-5-14-23.

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The isothermal section at 6000C of the phase diagram of the ternary system Gd–Ge–Sn was constructed in the whole concentration range, based on X-ray powder diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The formation of two continuous solid solutions, Gd5Ge4–xSnx (x=0–4, structure type Sm5Ge4, Pearson symbol oP36, space group Pnma, a=7.8565(12)–8.040(2), b=14.812(2)–15.552(3), c=7.7781(12)–8.201(2) Å) and Gd5Ge3–xSnx (x=0–3, structure type Mn5Si3, hP16, P63/mcm, a=8.5702(8)–9.0306(13), c=6.4305(5)–6.5941(10) Å), and limited solid solutions based on the binary compounds Gd11Ge10 (6 at.% Sn), GdSn3 (5.5 at.% Ge), Gd3Sn7 (2 at.% Ge), GdSn2 (5 at.% Ge), and Gd11Sn10 (3.5 at.% Ge) was established. Three following ternary compounds were found in the system at 6000C: Gd2Ge3.84Sn0.92, GdGe0.75–0.85Sn1.25–1.15, and Gd2Ge2.91Sn0.80. The detailed crystal structures of two of them were refined on X-ray powder diffraction data: GdGe0.75–0.85Sn1.25–1.15, structure type ScCo0.25Si1.75, oS12, Cmcm, a=4.3206(4)–4.3035(4), b=16.4824(15)–16.4433(14), c=4.1270(4)–4.0961(4) Å and Gd2Ge2.91Sn0.80, structure type Gd2Ge3.38Bi0.42, oS32, Cmcm, a=4.0445(6), b=30.473(5), c=4.1694(6) Å. The third compound, Gd2Ge3.84Sn0.92, adopts the structure type Nd2Ge3.55Sn1.24. The crystal structures are closely related and are built from layers of Gd6 trigonal prisms centered by Ge atoms (or in part by Sn atoms) and square-mesh nets of Sn atoms (or in part Ge atoms), which alternate along the crystallographic direction [010]. Partial disorder of Ge and Sn atoms is observed.

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Hanusova, Petra, and Ivo Dlouhy. "Reactions in Ternary System Al-B₂O₃-C during Mechanical Alloying." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.522.

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One possible route for producing the fine and homogenous distribution of hard particles in composite microstructure is the mechanochemical processing in which high-energy ball milling promotes the reaction in a mixture of reactive powders. This investigation aims to produce Al – B4C nanocomposite by reaction between aluminum, boron (III) oxide and graphite powder via a mechanochemical process. The effect of milling time and the ratio the balls to powder on this process were investigated. The face transformation ans structural evaluation were investigated means of X – Ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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29

Ćosović, Vladan, Duško Minić, Milena Premović, Dragan Manasijević, Aleksandar Đorđević, Dušan Milisavljević, and Aleksandar Marković. "The influence of chemical composition on microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity of Ag-Bi-In alloys at 100 °C." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/265.

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Considering possible applications and scarceness of literature data, Ag-Bi-In system was investigated in terms of microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of ternary alloys from an isothermal section at 100oC. Based on the experimentally obtained results hardness and electrical conductivity of all ternary alloys from the ternary Ag-Bi-In system at 100oC were predicted. In addition, the selected isothermal section was further thermodynamically assessed and experimentally studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and light optical microscopy (LOM). Phase transition temperatures of alloys with overall compositions along vertical sections x(Ag)=0.5 as well as liquidus temperatures were experimentally determined by DTA. The experimentally obtained results were compared with literature data and with the results of thermodynamic calculation of phase equilibria based on CALPHAD method and corrected data for Ag-In binary system. Calculated liquidus projection, invariant equilibria and phase diagram of the Ag-Bi-In ternary system are presented as well.

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30

Minic, D., Y. Du, M. Premovic, D. Manasijevic, N. Talijan, D. Milisavljevic, A. Markovic, A. Djordjevic, and M. Tomovic. "Experimental and thermodynamic description of ternary Bi-Cu-Ga system." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 53, no. 3 (2017): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb170505017m.

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Phase diagram of the Bi-Cu-Ga ternary system has been investigated experimentally with 27 alloys and analytically by using a Calphad method. Thirteen annealed alloys at 200?C were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods. Temperatures of phase transformation were determined with 14 alloys which are lying along three vertical sections Bi-Cu0.5Ga0.5, Cu-Bi0.5Ga0.5 and Ga-Bi0.5Cu0.5 by using differential thermal analysis (DTA). Based on the experimental result and by using Calphad method, ternary phase diagrams were constructed with a new description of liquidus phase. Calculated phase diagram and experimentally obtained results are in good agreement. Liquidus projection and invariant reaction were calculated by using new thermodynamic parameters for liquidus phase.

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31

Jing, Zhang, Qi Zhi Cao, Guo Hua Huang, and Jin Li Huang. "Effect of Ni Addition on Formation of Nanocrystalline Phase during Mechanical Alloying of (Fe Al)-40(60) at.% Ni and (Fe Al₃)-10(30) at.% Ni Powders." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1814.

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Al-Fe-Ni ternary powder mixtures containing (FeAl)-40(60) at.% Ni and (FeAl3)-10(30) at.% Ni were mechanically alloyed by a high-energry planetary ball mill. The structural evolution of the powders during milling was studied by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). During milling of (FeAl)-40(60) at.% Ni system, Al and Fe solid solutions formed at the early stage change to FeAl, AlNi3 and FeNi3 intermetallic compounds. However, the Al and Fe solid solutions observed at the early stage transform into Al3Ni2, AlFe3 and AlFe0.23Ni0.77 intermetallic compound at last. The experimental results showed that the last milling products were decided by the proportion of atom between Al and Fe in the powder and the Ni content in the power had not affected to the last products.

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32

Hu, Xue, Tianxiang Li, Ruizhe Wang, Jiamin Yang, Qiang Wu, and Jing Zhu. "Determination and Calculation of Phase Equilibrium for Aqueous Ternary System (NH2)2CO+KCl+H2O at 283.15K." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 04045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018504045.

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The solid-liquid phase equilibrium for ternary system (NH2)2CO+KCl+H2O was determined by isothermal saturation method at 283.15K under atmosphere pressure. The isothermal phase diagrams was drawn in according to the measured solubility data. There are one co-saturated point and two pure solids occurred in this ternary system. The solid phases were confirmed by Schreinemaker’s wet residue method and X-ray powder diffraction. Two thermodynamic models, Wilson model and NRTL model, were used to calculate the solubility data. The value of root mean-square deviation in Wilson model and NRTL model for this ternary system was 0.22 and 0.66 respectively, and the value of relative average deviation was 0.61% and 2.33% respectively, which indicated that the calculated data and the experimental results are nearly consistent.

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33

Yang, Guang, Guoxin Li, Chujun Li, and Wei Luo. "Effect of temperature and slag powder on the cement-based ternary system." Emerging Materials Research 10, no. 4 (December 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.20.00265.

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34

Omelchuk, Anatoliy, Igor Skryptun, Nikolay Zakharchenko, Olha Bosenko, Ruslan Savchuk, and Larisa Gritsay. "PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN THE NaCl–CaCl2–CaO SYSTEM." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 87, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.87.02.2021.77-86.

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The phase equilibria of the ternary system CaCl2 – NaCl – CaO in the area which enriched of calcium and sodium chloride were investigated by the methods of differential-thermal analysis and powder X-ray phase analysis. In the systems were determined the equilibrium concentration of calcium oxide and the composition of the phases, which at the same time exist in an equilibrium state at different temperatures. The surfaces of liquidus and solidus were established, the compositions of the sections of the ternary system CaCl2–NaCl–CaO were defined, which recommended for electrochemical reduction of refractory metal oxides (titanium, zirconium and other), which allow electrolysis in the temperature range from 550 to 1000 °С. Five polythermal sections of the NaCl – CaCl2 – CaO ternary system were studied. For each polythermal section the regions of existence of the liquid and solid phases were established. For each polythermal section state diagrams were constructed. Used X-Ray phase analyses it was established the compositions of liquid and solid phases for each polythermal sections. The phases of which the system consists were determined. At a constant ratio of components [NaCl]:[CaCl2] = 1.06 (mol.) in the melts of the ternary system CaCl2 – NaCl – CaO, the equilibrium content of calcium oxide reaches 12.0 mol.%, while their crystallization temperature does not exceed 550 °C. This allows us to recommend mixtures of this composition for electrochemical reduction of refractory metal oxides in a wide range of temperatures (from 550 to 1000 °C) with a high content of both calcium and sodium chlorides (not less than 40 mol.%) and oxide. calcium (up to 12.0 mol.%). The eutectic of this ternary system has a melting point of 480 ° C and corresponds to he composition (mol.%): CaCl2 (45.8) – NaCl (47.0) – CaO (7.2).

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35

Remmert, Peter, Edmund Fischer, and Hans-Ulrich Hummel. "Phasenuntersuchungen im System 2 Ha–TaS2–2Hc–MoS2 / Investigations on Phases in the System 2 Ha-TaS2-2Hc-MoS2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-0904.

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Ternary phases in the system TaS2-MoS2 have been obtained by thermal reactions at 1050 °C of binary layered disulfides and NH4Cl as promotor.Ternary phases Ta1-xMoxS2 exist in the range 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.9. In the range of 0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.55 the reactions are quantitative and the phase-compositions are determined by the amounts of the starting materials. For x < 0 .2 1 T-TaS2 and for x > 0.60 2 Hc-MoS2 are contaminating the resulting ternary phases.Ternary phases have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and are indexed rhombohedrally on the basis of a 3 R-structure with metals in trigonal-prismatic coordination. The phases Ta1-xMoxS2 with 0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.55 show a reversible transition of higher order associated with a change in the electrical conductivity mechanism. Below 420 K the phases show semiconductivity while above 460 K metallic conductivity is observed

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36

Chen, Y. Q., J. K. Liang, J. Luo, J. B. Li, and G. H. Rao. "Subsolidus phase relations of the Dy-Fe-Al system." Powder Diffraction 26, no. 1 (March 2011): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3549805.

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The subsolidus phase relations of the Dy-Fe-Al system have been investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction. There are 5 ternary compounds, 10 binary compounds, and 21 three-phase regions in this system. The solid-solution regions of Dy(Fe1−xAlx)2, DyFe3−xAlx, Dy2(Fe1−xAlx)17, and DyFe12−xAlx have been determined based on the dependence of their unit-cell parameters on the Al content.

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37

Liu, Shanglai, Yannian Zhang, Bonan Liu, Zhen Zou, Qiang Liu, Yina Teng, and Lei V. Zhang. "Sustainable Use of Waste Oyster Shell Powders in a Ternary Supplementary Cementitious Material System for Green Concrete." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 4886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144886.

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The increasing concern for decarbonization and sustainability in construction materials is calling for green binders to partially replace cement since its production is responsible for approximately 8% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including fly ash, slag, silica fume, etc., can be used as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) owing to reduced carbon dioxide emissions associated with OPC production. This study aims to investigate the sustainable use of waste oyster shell powder (OSP)-lithium slag (LS)-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) ternary SCM system in green concrete. The effect of ternary SCMs to OPC ratio (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) on compressive strength and permeability of the green concrete were studied. The reaction products of the concrete containing OSP-LS-GGBFS SCM system were characterized by SEM and thermogravimetric analyses. The results obtained from this study revealed that the compressive strength of concrete mixed with ternary SCMs are improved compared with the reference specimens. The OSP-LS-GGBFS ternary SCMs-based mortars exhibited a lower porosity and permeability compared to the control specimens. However, when the substitution rate was 30%, the two parameters showed a decline. In addition, the samples incorporating ternary SCMs had a more refined pore structure and lower permeability than that of specimens adding OSP alone. This work expands the possibility of valorization of OSP for sustainable construction materials.

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38

Zelinska, Mariya, Olga Zhak, Stepan Oryshchyn, Tetiana Polianska, and Jean-Yves Pivan. "Solid State Phase Equilibria in the Er-Ni-P and Er-Ni-As Systems at 800 °C." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0907.

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Solid-state phase equilibria in the ternary systems Er-Ni-P and Er-Ni-As have been determined at 800 °C (region 0 - 67 at.% P or 0 - 50 at.% As) using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Eight ternary phosphides and six ternary arsenides have been synthesized, including several phases reported previously. The hexagonal structure of the new compound Er6Ni20P13, as determined from single-crystal X-ray data, exhibits a new structure type closely related to the Ho6Ni20P13 structure. Two other new phosphides, Er16Ni36P22 (Tb16Ni36P22- type) and Er20Ni42P30 (Sm20Ni41.6P30-type), have also been obtained at 800 °C. In the Er-Ni-As system, a new arsenide Er20Ni42As30 (Sm20Ni41.6P30-type) has been found in addition to known ternary phases. From X-ray powder data, the structures of the ternary arsenides ErNi4As2 (ZrFe4Si2-type) and Er2Ni12As7 (Zr2Fe12P7-type) have been refined by Rietveld methods. In the single crystal investigations, two other new phases Er12Ni30P21 [derived (La, Ce)12Rh30P21-type] and Er13Ni25As19 (Tm13Ni25As19-type) have been prepared by high-temperature annealing (1500 °C).

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39

Cardinale, Anna Maria, and Nadia Parodi. "Dy–Al–Si System: Experimental Study of the Liquid–Solid Phase Equilibria in the Al-Rich Corner." Crystals 13, no. 7 (June 28, 2023): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071028.

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The Dy–Al–Si ternary system has been experimentally studied, as the effect of the dysprosium addition on the constitution and topology of the liquidus surface, focusing on the (Al) rich part. The system has been investigated in a composition range of up to about 58 at% silicon. The alloys constitution and the liquidus surface projection have been determined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). This work is part of a research framework on the properties and solid–liquid phase equilibria of the R Al–Si (R: rare earth) systems. These data, along with the ternary systems isothermal section, are needed to outline the design, plan, and development of new Al–Si-based alloys. In the Dy–Al–Si system, four primary crystallization fields have been experimentally detected: (Si), DyAlxSi(2−x) (orthorhombic form), Dy2Al3Si2 (Τ2), and DyAl(3−x)Six. The following three invariant equilibria have been identified: at 566 °C the ternary eutectic L ⇆ DyAl2Si2 + (Al) + (Si), at 630 °C the U1 L+ DyAl3 ⇆ Dy2Al3Si2 + (Al), and at 562 °C the U2: L+ Dy2Al3Si2 ⇆ DyAl2Si2 +(Al) reactions. A comparison with other known R Al–Si systems has been conducted.

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40

Romaka, L., V. V. Romaka, Yu Stadnyk, and V. Pashkevych. "Phase equilibrium diagram of the Hf-Fe-Sn system at 1070 K." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 22, no. 4 (December 18, 2021): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.4.761-766.

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Experimental studies of the phase equilibrium diagram of the Hf-Fe-Sn ternary system at 1070 K were performed by X-ray powder diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis techniques in the whole concentration range. At annealing temperature four ternary compounds are realized: Hf6FeSn2 (K2UF6 structure type, space group P-62m), Hf1.8Fe5Sn3.8 (Hf1.82Fe5Sn3.82 structure type, space group Cmmm), Hf3Fe4Sn4 (Zr3Fe4Sn4 structure type, space group Pnma), and Hf9Fe3.7Sn10.3 (Hf9Fe4Sn10 structure type, space group Cmc21). An existence of the Hf1-xFe2+x-ySny solid solution formed by substitution of the iron atoms by tin in the Hf1-xFe2+x (MgZn2-type) binary compound up to 19 at. % Sn was found. Solubility of Fe in the Hf5Sn3 binary (Mn5Si3-type) extends up to 10 at. % (a=0.8363(2)-0.8324(4), c=0.5726(1)-0.5686(4) nm).

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41

Zhao, J., J. Zhou, S. Liu, Y. Du, S. Tang, and Y. Yang. "Phase diagram determination and thermodynamic modeling of the Cu-Mg-Si system." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 52, no. 1 (2016): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb150515009z.

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13 ternary Cu-Mg-Si alloys were prepared by means of the powder metallurgy method. Phase equilibria at 500 and 700 oC of the Cu-Mg-Si system were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The existence of 3 ternary compounds in this system was verified: CuMgSi_Sigma (Cu16Mg6Si7), Tau (Cu3Mg2Si), and Laves ((Cu0.8Si0.2)2(Mg0.88Cu0.12)). A thermodynamic modeling for the Cu-Mg-Si system was then conducted on the basis of the experimental data obtained in this work and those critically reviewed from the literature. The complex phase relationship between Laves phase and other phases has been successfully modeled in this work. Comparisons between the calculated and the measured phase diagrams show that most of the experimental data can be reproduced by the presently obtained thermodynamic parameters.

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42

Bagliuk, G. A., O. V. Suprun, and A. A. Mamonova. "The Influence of the Synthesis Temperature on Phase Composition and Structure of Tenary Compounds Obtained from the Powder Mixture of the TiH2-Al-C System." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 18, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.18.4.443.

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This paper presents the results of an investigation of the features of phase and structure formation of a ternary compound during thermal sintering use of compacted TiH2-Al-C powder blends. The thermal sintering was carried out in a vacuum furnace at temperature 1150, 1300, and 1400 0С. The x-ray diffraction pattern and structural analysis show that the main phase after synthesis at 1150 0С is titanium carbide. The ternary Ti2AlC and intermetallic Ti3Al compound were also identified in the phase composition of the alloy. Increasing the sintering temperature to 1300 °C leads to significant increases in the content of Ti2AlC ternary compounds and accordingly decreases the content of titanium carbide TiC. Is propose a modified model thermal synthesis of ternary compounds of the Ti-Al-C system, which includes the melting of aluminum and its interaction with titanium at low-temperature stages of the process, the formation of the Ti3Al intermetallic compound, formation titanium carbide grains as a result of the interaction of the Al4C3 intermediate metastable phase with titanium or Ti3Al intermetallic compound and the synthesis of ternary Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 compounds as a result of the interaction of the Ti3Al intermetallic compound with carbon and Ti2AlC with titanium carbide TiC.

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Karpe, Margarita, Gundars Mežinskis, Laimonis Timma, and Andris Cimmers. "Synthesis of Nanoporous ZrTiO₄, Ti₂ZrO₆ Containing Ceramic Materials." Key Engineering Materials 788 (November 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.788.89.

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Sol-gel technology allows the synthesis of powders and nanoporous materials with a complicated structure and morphology, improving the reactivity of the synthesized material. Nanoparticles of ternary oxide ZrO2-SiO2-TiO2 system have properties ascendant to those of the pure components. In the present work, the powders of the ZrO2-SiO2-TiO2 system were obtained by a sol-gel technology. The powder particles were homogenized with a high energy milling process for 1 or 6 hours. The acquired particles and nanoporous ceramic materials, after sintering at 800 OC and 1000 OC, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, compressive strength tests, BET specific surface area and porosity analysis.

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Guo, Yu, Wenxia Yuan, Bo Song, and Yanping Xu. "Chemical reactions in the Co–Si–C system." Powder Diffraction 23, no. 4 (December 2008): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3010325.

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Isothermal sections at 1100 and 1500 °C were determined by X-ray powder diffraction method to reveal stable phases and chemical pathways in the Co–Si–C system. There is no ternary compound present in either isothermal. Cobalt silicides are formed in the Co-rich region at temperatures lower than those in the Si-rich region. CoSi2 reacts with carbon to form CoSi and SiC at 1500 °C, and Co2Si and CoSi are more stable in equilibrium with carbon. The results are also discussed in terms of thermodynamics and binding energy of the reacting substances.

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Ismayilova, E. N., L. F. Mashadiyeva, I. B. Bakhtiyarly, and M. B. Babanly. "PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN THE Cu2Se–SnSE–Sb2Se3 SYSTEM." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2022-1-73-82.

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Phase equilibria in the Cu2Se–SnSe–Sb2Se3 quasi-ternary system has been studied by differential thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffraction. Some polythermal sections, isothermal sections at 300 K of the phase diagram and the projection of the liquidus surface are constructed. The regions of primary crystallization of phases, the nature and temperatures of non- and monovariant equilibria have been determined. The phase diagram of the SnSe–CuSbSe2 quasi-binary section has been refined. It was found that a quaternary compound CuSnSbSe3 is formed in the system by the peritectic reaction. This compound exists in a narrow range ~(650–723 K) temperatures. In addition, in the studied Cu2Se–SnSe–Sb2Se3 system, limited regions of solid solutions based on the SnSe, Sb2Se3, CuSbSe2 and SnSb2Se4 compounds have also been revealed

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Chorba, O. J., M. J. Filep, A. I. Pogodin, T. O. Malakhovska, and M. Yu Sabov. "TRIANGULATION OF THE Cu-Sn-Se SYSTEM." Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod University. Series «Chemistry» 46, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2414-0260.2021.2.22-27.

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Copper-containing compounds exhibit a wide range of properties, including thermoelectric, photoelectric, optical magnetic, superionic, superconducting, etc., which determines the areas of their practical use. In recent years, studies of complex copper selenides as promising thermoelectric (TE) materials have been actively carried out due to their advantages over traditional TE materials. Like binary Cu2Se, ternary selenides have low phonon thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity and thermoelectric quality factor. Typically, copper-containing compounds belong to the p-type conductors and crystallize in four main structural types, among which phases with a diamond-like structure should be distinguished. Data on the nature of physicochemical interaction in the Cu – Sn – Se system are limited and contradictory. In view of this, it is important to carry out the triangulation of the ternary system Cu–Sn–Se, which is the first stage of the study of multicomponent systems. The investigated alloys of the Cu – Sn – Se system were obtained by fusing elementary components of high purity in vacuum quartz ampoules. The obtained alloys were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal (DTA) analyzes. At the temperature of homogenizing annealing (170 ° С) there are seven binary Cu2Se, CuSe, CuSe2, Cu6Sn5, Cu3Sn, SnSe, SnSe2 and one ternary phase Cu2SnSe3 stable in the Cu – Sn – Se ternary system. The existence of the ternary phase of Cu2SnSe4 has not been confirmed, because the alloy corresponding to its stoichiometric composition is a mixture of Cu2SnSe3 and Se. To establish quasibinary sections of the Cu – Sn – Se system were performed the synthesis and phase analysis of only the significant points in the most informative areas. This ensures the establishment of the nature of the maximum number of quasibinary sections with a minimum number of syntheses. According to the results of phase analysis in combination with the literature data the triangulation of the Cu – Sn – Se system was carried out at 170 ° С. The quasibinarity of the Cu2Se – SnSe, Cu2Se – SnSe2, Cu2SnSe3 – Se, Cu2SnSe3 – SnSe, Cu6Sn5 – SnSe, Cu3Sn – SnSe, and Cu3Sn – Cu2Se sections was confirmed, and the quasibinarity of the Cu3Sn – Cu2Se was established at first. Keywords: triangulation; quasibinary section; phase analysis.

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47

Levytskyi, Volodymyr, Herwig Michor, Volodymyr Babizhetskyy, and Bogdan Kotur. "Crystal Chemistry of Ternary Rare Earth Transition Metal Carbides: Studies of the Tb-Fe-C System at 800°C." Solid State Phenomena 289 (April 2019): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.289.12.

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The isothermal section of the phase diagram of Tb–Fe–C system at 800 °C was studied in the full concentration range using powder X-ray phase and structure analyses, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Six ternary compounds Tb1.88Fe14C, Tb13Fe10C13, TbFeC2, Tb15Fe8C25, Tb5.64Fe2C9, Tb2FeC4 and a limited solid solubility of carbon in the crystal structure of the binary parent compound Tb2Fe17Cх (0≤ х ≤0.8) have been found to exist at 800 °C. The crystal structures of two new ternary carbides have been determined by means of powder X-ray diffraction: Tb15Fe8C25 with structure type Er15Fe8C25, space group P321, a = 11.9706(3) Å, c = 5.1733(2) Å, RB(I) = 0.07, RP = 0.06, RPw = 0.08, and Tb13Fe10C13 with structure type Gd13Fe10C13, space group P3121, a = 9.1800(9) Å, c = 23.703(5) Å, RB(I) = 0.04, RP = 0.16. Both compounds are representatives of the carbometalate class of complex carbides. Tb15Fe8C25 displays an itinerant ferro-or ferrimagnetic ordering of the Fe 3d-moments below TM ≈ 50 K while Tb 4f-moments remain essentially paramagnetic at least down to about 10 K.

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Zhang, Bing, Yannian Zhang, Wenliang Liu, Xiaowei Gu, Qingjie Wang, Shaowu Zhang, and Jian Gao. "Effect of Iron Tailing Powder-Based Ternary Admixture on Acid Corrosion Resistance of Concrete." Materials 16, no. 10 (May 12, 2023): 3688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103688.

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Exposure of concrete to acidic environments can cause the degradation of concrete elements and seriously affect the durability of concrete. As solid wastes are produced during industrial activity, ITP (iron tailing powder), FA (fly ash), and LS (lithium slag) can be used as admixtures to produce concrete and improve its workability. This paper focuses on the preparation of concrete using a ternary mineral admixture system consisting of ITP, FA, and LS to investigate the acid erosion resistance of concrete in acetic acid solution at different cement replacement rates and different water–binder ratios. The tests were performed by compressive strength analysis, mass analysis, apparent deterioration analysis, and microstructure analysis by mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that when the water–binder ratio is certain and the cement replacement rate is greater than 16%; especially at 20%, the concrete shows strong resistance to acid erosion; when the cement replacement rate is certain and the water–binder ratio is less than 0.47; especially at 0.42, the concrete shows strong resistance to acid erosion. Microstructural analysis shows that the ternary mineral admixture system composed of ITP, FA, and LS promotes the formation of hydration products such as C-S-H and AFt, improves the compactness and compressive strength of concrete, and reduces the connected porosity of concrete, which can obtain good overall performance. In general, concrete prepared with a ternary mineral admixture system consisting of ITP, FA, and LS has better acid erosion resistance than ordinary concrete. The use of different kinds of solid waste powder to replace cement can effectively reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment.

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49

Gotzmann, K., U. Burkhardt, M. Ellner, and Yu Grin. "Powder diffraction data for the homeotypic intermetallic compounds (Co, Ni)4Al13(h) and Co2NiAl9." Powder Diffraction 14, no. 1 (March 1999): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600010344.

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Two homeotypical phases occur at the mole fraction xAl≈0.75 in the ternary system Co-Ni-Al: the pseudoternary intermetallic compound (Co, Ni)4Al13(h) (space group C2/m, Pearson code mC(34-1.8)) [Notation, according to Parthé et al. (1993). TYPIX, Standardized Data and Crystal Chemical Characterization of Inorganic Structure Types (Springer, Berlin), Vol. 2, p. 269, Vol. 3, p. 1055]. For structures with partly occupied sites, the hybrid Pearson code is given as (the sum of the multiplicities of all, fully or partly occupied sites in the unit cell)−(number of structural vacancies in the unit cell)], and the ternary compound Co2NiAl9 (Immm, oI96). Powder diffraction data are reported for these materials or phases—from the viewpoint of phase equilibria—immediately neighboring phases.

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50

Liu, Shanglai, Yuan Wang, Bonan Liu, Zhen Zou, Yina Teng, Yidi Ji, Yubo Zhou, Lei V. Zhang, and Yannian Zhang. "Sustainable Utilization of Waste Oyster Shell Powders with Different Fineness Levels in a Ternary Supplementary Cementitious Material System." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 5981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105981.

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As cement manufacturing accounts for 8% of global CO2 emissions, there is an urgent need to tackle the environmental impacts of cement production and address the decarbonization of construction materials. Adopting supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including fly ash, slag, silica fume, etc., can be used as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to reduce CO2 emissions related to the OPC industry, while providing benefits for waste valorization. This study aims to explore the sustainable utilization of a waste oyster shell powder (OSP)–lithium slag (LS)–ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) ternary SCM system in green concrete. The effect of OSP fineness on compressive strength, hydration products, pore structure, and transport properties in ternary SCM-based mortars was studied using a wide array of experimental techniques, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), the water absorption test and the rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT). The results revealed that the concrete with the ternary SCMs showed equivalent compressive strength compared to reference specimens. The water absorption and chloride ion charge of the RCPT in the concrete containing the ternary SCMs decreased by up to 30% and 81.4%, respectively. It was observed that the specimens incorporating the OSP with a mesh size of 3000 exhibited the highest compressive strength and the most refined microstructure.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ternary powder system'

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