Journal articles on the topic 'Ternary 2D-layered materials'

Considering the recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of novel two-dimensional (2D) materials from layered bulk structures, ternary layered transition metal borides, known as MAB phases, have come under scrutiny as a means of obtaining novel 2D transition metal borides, the so-called MBenes.

The rush to synthesize novel two-dimensional (2D) materials has excited the research community studying ternary-layered carbide and nitride compounds, known as MAX phases, for the past two decades in the quest to develop new 2D material precursors.

In this study, we present the investigation of optical properties on a series of HfS2−xSex crystals with different Se compositions x changing from 0 to 2. We used the chemical-vapor transport method to grow these layered ternary compound semiconductors in bulk form. Their lattice constants and crystal properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. We have performed absorption spectroscopies to determine their optical band-gap energies, which started from 2.012 eV with x = 0, and gradually shifts to 1.219 eV for x = 2. Furthermore, we measured the absorption spectroscopies at different temperatures in the range of 20–300 K to identify the temperature dependence of band-gap energies. The band-gap energies of HfS2−xSex were determined from the linear extrapolation method. We have noticed that the band-gap energy may be continuously tuned to the required energy by manipulating the ratio of S and Se. The parameters that describe the temperature influence on the band-gap energy are evaluated and discussed.

Multi-layered locally resonant phononic crystals (LRPCs) with wider and multiple bandgaps (BGs) in low frequency range and small size of the unit cell have promising applications in noise and vibration controls. In this paper, a 2D two-layered ternary LRPC consisting of a periodical array of cylindrical inclusions embedded in an epoxy matrix is investigated by the finite element method (FEM), where the inclusion is comprised of two coaxial cylindrical steel cores with rubber coating. It is found that the size of the inclusion of the 2D two-layered ternary LRPC has significant effects on the BG properties. With the increase of the core radius and coating thickness, the first BG would shift to lower frequency range with its width decreasing, and the second BG width would become wider until the third BG appears. Especially, with the increase of the coating thickness, more bands and BGs would appear in the lower frequency range. Based on the formation mechanisms of the BGs, several mass-spring models to predict the frequencies of the first two BG edges are developed. The results calculated by these mass-spring models are in good agreement with those by the FEM except for the upper edge frequency of the second BG when the rubber coating thickness exceeds a certain value and the third BG is opened up. These proposed mass-spring models would allow for quick pre-estimation of the resonance frequencies, and facilitate the selection of possible parameters for the wider and lower frequency BGs to obtain the desired attenuation bands. The studies would also benefit the design of multiple BGs for some device applications.

Abstract The composition-engineered band structures of two-dimensional (2D) ternary transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) semiconductor alloys directly dominate their electronic and optical properties. Herein, in this paper, a detailed theoretical and experimental study on the composition-dependent nonlinear optical properties of 2D MoS x Se2−x alloys was carried out. The first-principles calculations were performed to investigate the compositionally modulated properties of monolayer 2D MoS x Se2−x (x = 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.75) in terms of the carrier effective mass, carrier density and mobility, as well as band-gaps. Furthermore, high-quality few-layered MoS x Se2−x (x = 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.8) nanosheets were fabricated by using liquid phase exfoliation method. The third-order nonlinear optical response was investigated by open-aperture Z-scan technique, revealing composition-dependent saturable absorption, and light modulation properties, which were correlated to the theoretical calculations and further confirmed by using MoS x Se2−x nanosheets as saturable absorbers (SAs) for all-solid-state pulsed lasers. In particular, a mode-locked solid-state laser with pulse width of 227 fs was realized with MoS0.2Se1.8 as SA, for the first time to our best knowledge. Our work not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the compositionally and defectively modulated nonlinear optical responses of ternary TMDCs alloys, but also paves a way for the development of 2D materials-based novel optoelectronic devices.

It is well known that layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are two-dimensional (2D) layered compounds. However, we modified these 2D layered compounds to become one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures destined for high-performance supercapacitors applications. In this direction, silicon was inserted inside the nanolayers of Co-LDHs producing nanofibers of Si/Co LDHs through the intercalation of cyanate anions as pillars for building nanolayered structures. Additionally, nanoparticles were observed by controlling the preparation conditions and the silicon percentage. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses have been used to characterize the nanolayered structures of Si/Co LDHs. The electrochemical characterization was performed by cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge–discharge technique in 2M KOH electrolyte solution using three-electrode cell system. The calculated specific capacitance results indicated that the change of morphology from nanoparticles or plates to nanofibers had a positive effect for improving the performance of specific capacitance of Si/Co LDHs. The specific capacitance enhanced to be 621.5 F g−1 in the case of the nanofiber of Si/Co LDHs. Similarly, the excellent cyclic stability (84.5%) was observed for the nanofiber. These results were explained through the attribute of the nanofibrous morphology and synergistic effects between the electric double layer capacitive character of the silicon and the pseudo capacitance nature of the cobalt. The high capacitance of ternary Si/Co/cyanate LDHs nanocomposites was suggested to be used as active electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors applications.

Abstract As a new kind of two-dimensional (2D) layered carbon allotrope, graphdiyne (GDY) is rarely studied in the application field of photocatalytic hydrogen production. In addition, the efficient construction of photocatalyst heterostructure is a promising strategy to improve the yield of hydrogen production from photocatalytic split of water. Therefore, it is an excellent method to construct heterostructure photocatalytic system by introducing GDY into semiconductor photocatalytic materials. Herein, it is an excellent method to construct heterostructure photocatalytic system by introducing the cuprous iodide based 2D layered carbon allotrope (GDY) into metallic oxide semiconductor (NiO). Thus, a ternary hybrid photocatalyst (GDY/CuI/NiO) was prepared by in situ ultrasonic agitation method. X-ray diffraction, SEM, transmission electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that NiO nanosheets were successfully adsorbed by GDY/CuI. In addition, the composite catalyst (GDY/CuI/NiO) showed excellent photocatalytic performance, which performed a high hydrogen production activity of 5955 μmol g−1 and good stability in the 20 h hydrogen production experiment. Amorphous GDY provides more active sites for the process of hydrogen evolution in this photocatalytic system. Most importantly, the construction of S-scheme heterojunction promotes electron transfer and plays an important role in enhancing the hydrogen production activity. These findings provide new ideas for realizing efficient solar hydrogen production system.

AbstractMAX phases (Ti3SiC2, Ti3AlC2, V2AlC, Ti4AlN3, etc.) are layered ternary carbides/nitrides, which are generally processed and researched as structure ceramics. Selectively removing A layer from MAX phases, MXenes (Ti3C2, V2C, Mo2C, etc.) with two-dimensional (2D) structure can be prepared. The MXenes are electrically conductive and hydrophilic, which are promising as functional materials in many areas. This article reviews the milestones and the latest progress in the research of MAX phases and MXenes, from the perspective of ceramic science. Especially, this article focuses on the conversion from MAX phases to MXenes. First, we summarize the microstructure, preparation, properties, and applications of MAX phases. Among the various properties, the crack healing properties of MAX phase are highlighted. Thereafter, the critical issues on MXene research, including the preparation process, microstructure, MXene composites, and application of MXenes, are reviewed. Among the various applications, this review focuses on two selected applications: energy storage and electromagnetic interference shielding. Moreover, new research directions and future trends on MAX phases and MXenes are also discussed.

Проведен анализ синтезированных уникальных двумерных 2D-материалов с нанослойными гексагональными и пентагональными структурами (на основе углерода, кремния, олова, двойных соединений CN, BN, PdSe и тройных - BCN, CNP, PdSSe, ZnCP. Синтез этих материалов получен химическим паровым осаждением или эпитаксией металлов на заранее приготовленные подложки. Проведен также анализ прочностных и функциональных характеристик (электронных, оптических) созданных моделей с применением теории DFT в виде тройных монослоев с обоюдосторонним нанесением водорода на поверхности монослоя P-SiC: водород/p-SiC/водород. Выявлено, что наиболее динамически стабильным из них был слой p-SiC-4H с его двухсторонней водородной адсорбцией и хорошими свойствами. В этой статье также представлены сравнительно недавно полученные гекса- и пентагональные двумерные материалы не только элементов C, Si, Ge, B, но и сплавов CuNi, TiNi и соединений BiSb, CN, BN, PdSe и др. Так что с созданными новыми уникальными материалами - синтеза сверхпрочных, термостабильных нанокомпозитов, сверхпроводящих слоистых композитов (на основе Bi, Hg и Sb) открываются перспективы развития наноэлектроники, спинтроники, компьютерной техники, а также создания портабельных тензодатчиков, датчиков давления, газовых датчиков и катализаторов диализа воды с выделением водорода и кислорода. An analysis of synthesized unique two-dimensional 2D materials with nanolayer hexagonal and pentagonal structures (based on carbon, silicon, tin, binary compounds CN, BN, PdSe and ternary compounds - BCN, CNP, PdSSe, ZNCP) was carried out. The synthesis of these materials was performed by the chemical vapor deposition or metal epitaxy on pre-prepared substrates. The strength and functional characteristics (electronic, optical) of the created models were also analyzed using the DFT theory in the form of triple monolayers with double-sided deposition of hydrogen on the surface of the p-SiC monolayer: hydrogen/p-SiC/hydrogen. It was found that the p-SiC-4H layer with its two-sided hydrogen adsorption and good properties was the most dynamically stable. This article also presents relatively recently obtained hexa- and pentagonal two-dimensional materials not only for the elements C, Si, Ge, B, but also for CuNi, TiNi alloys and BiSb, CN, BN, PdSe, etc. compounds. So, with the new unique materials created - the synthesis of superstrong, thermostable nanocomposites, superconducting layered composites (based on Bi, Hg and Sb), prospects are opening up for the development of nanoelectronics, spintronics, computer technology, as well as the creation of portable strain gauges, pressure sensors, gas sensors and dialysis catalysts for water dialysis with the release of hydrogen and oxygen.

For the development of renewable energy conversion and storage systems, it is vital to investigate earth-abundant, noble-metal-free, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution process (HER). Platinum and other precious metals-based electrocatalysts show better HER activity in acidic conditions than other electrocatalysts due to their fast kinetics and lower Tafel slope.[1] However, because they are rare and costly, they are challenging to deploy in practical applications. As a result, there has been an ongoing search for low-cost and earth-abundant materials that may be used as an efficient alternative for platinum-based electrocatalysts, with the goal of developing more cost-effective and inexpensive H2 manufacturing processes. The layered 2D nanomaterials have sparked a lot of scientific attention because of their tremendous potential for both fundamental and practical investigations. Natural minerals of the group V-VI (V = Bi, Sb; VI = S, Se) have exceptional optical and electrical characteristics.[2] Because of their availability, low cost, and tunable characteristics, antimony/bismuth-based chalcogenides are garnering a lot of attention as potential candidates as electrocatalysts for acidic HER. We have shown an efficient and straightforward approach for the electrochemical exfoliation of BiSbSe3 nanostructures from the ball-milled BiSbSe3 sample; the process parameters were adjusted in terms of time and applied voltage. Furthermore, a simple and straightforward electrophoretic deposition process was used to synthesize BiSbSe3 nanoparticles from exfoliated BiSbSe3 nanostructures. A DC voltage was supplied between the two inert electrodes in an aqueous electrolyte for the electrophoretic deposition of BiSbSe3 nanostructures directly onto a gold substrate. Charged particles or sheets suspended in the electrolyte are activated to migrate toward the electrode and deposit when a voltage is applied. The BiSbSe3 nanoparticles were deposited onto the positive electrode because the exfoliated BiSbSe3 nanostructures in water had a negative zeta potential. BiSbSe3 nanostructures prepared through electrochemical exfoliation method are electrophoretically deposited onto the gold substrate to obtain BiSbSe3 nanoparticles, were investigated as active electrocatalysts for HER in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution using a three-electrode set up. The optimized BiSbSe3 catalyst (10V10M-Au-7.5) is identified as highly active HER activity, having a low overpotential of 72 mV @ 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 31.6 mV dec-1, which far better than the antimony/bismuth chalcogenide system and very close to the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst. We demonstrate that the electrocatalytic HER activity is enhanced by highly active edge sites, large available surface active sites, defects created and partial oxidization of material during electrodeposition, and a synergistic effect between BiSbSe3 and the substrate. References [1] N.P. Dileep, T.V. Vineesh, P. V Sarma, M. V Chalil, C.S. Prasad, M.M. Shaijumon, Electrochemically Exfoliated β-Co(OH)2 Nanostructures for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3 (2020) 1461–1467. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b01901. [2] J. Wang, H. Yu, T. Wang, Y. Qiao, Y. Feng, K. Chen, Composition-Dependent Aspect Ratio and Photoconductivity of Ternary (BixSb1–x)2S3 Nanorods, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 10 (2018) 7334–7343. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b17253. Figure 1

Two-dimensional transition-metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) are a large family of materials actively studied for various applications, especially in the field of energy storage. MXenes are commonly synthesized by etching the layered ternary compounds, called MAX phases. We demonstrate a direct synthetic route for scalable and atom-economic synthesis of MXenes, including compounds that have not been synthesized from MAX phases, by the reactions of metals and metal halides with graphite, methane, or nitrogen. The direct synthesis enables chemical vapor deposition growth of MXene carpets and complex spherulite-like morphologies that form through buckling and release of MXene carpet to expose fresh surface for further reaction. The directly synthesized MXenes showed excellent energy storage capacity for lithium-ion intercalation.

Интерес к изучению систем, содержащих сульфиды формулой АIВIIIСVI2, обусловлен, прежде всего, открывающимися возможностями их практического использования в изготовлении нелинейных оптических приборов, детекторов, солнечных батарей, фотодиодов, люминофоров и др. Поэтому в связи с поиском новых перспективных материаловна основе тиогаллата серебра и железа целью этой работы является исследование квазибинарного разреза FeGa2S4–AgGaS2 четырехкомпонентной системы Fe–Ag–Ga–S.Синтез сплавов системы AgGaS2–FeGa2S4 проводили из лигатур с использованием высокой чистоты: железа – 99.995 %, галлия – 99.999 %, серебра – 99.99 % и серы – 99.99 %. Исследование сплавов проводили методами дифференциально-термического, рентгенофазового, микроструктурного анализов, а также измерением микротвердости и определениемплотности.Методами физико-химического анализа впервые изучена и построена Т-x фазовая диаграмма разреза AgGaS2–FeGa2S4, который является внутренним сечением квазитройной системы FeS–Ga2S3–Ag2S. Установлено, что система относится к простому эвтектическому типу. Состав эвтектической точки: 56 мол. % FeGa2S4 и Т = 1100 К. На основе исходных компонентов были определены области твердых растворов. Растворимость на основе FeGa2S4 и AgGaS2 при эвтектической температуре достигает до 10 и 16 мол. % соответственно. С уменьшением температуры твердые растворы сужаются и при комнатной температуре составляют на основе тиогаллата железа (FeGa2S4) 4 мол. % AgGaS2,а на основе тиогаллата серебра (AgGaS2) 11 мол. % FeGa2S4. ЛИТЕРАТУРА 1. Zhаo B., Zhu S., Li Z., Yu F., Zhu X., Gao D. Growth of AgGaS2 single crystal by descending cruciblewith rotation method and observation of properties. Chinese Sci. Bull. 2001; 46(23): 2009–2013. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF029019182. Горюнова Н. А. Сложные алмазоподобные полупроводники. М.: Сов. радио; 1968. 215 с.3. Абрикосов Н. Х., Шелимова Л. Е. Полупроводниковые материалы на основе соединений АIVBVI..М.:Наука; 1975. 195 с.4. Kushwaha A. 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Ternary logic has been proven to carry an information ratio 1.58 times that of binary logic and is capable to reduce circuit interconnections and complexity of operations. However, the excessive transistor count of ternary logic gates has impeded their industry applications for decades. With the modulation of the ferroelectric negative capacitance (NC) properties on the channel potential, MOSFETs show many novel features including steep subthreshold swing and non-saturation output characteristics, based on which an ultra-compact ternary inverter can be achieved. Compared with traditional bulk materials, layered 2D materials and 2D ferroelectrics provide a clean interface and better electrostatic control and reliability. Even though ultra-low SS (∼10 mV/dec) has been experimentally demonstrated in ferroelectric-negative capacitance-incorporated 2D semiconductor (NC2D) FETs, the available models are still rare for large-scale circuit simulations. In this study, the superb electrical properties of pure 2D material stack-based NC2D FETs (layered CuInP2S6 adopted as the 2D ferroelectric layer) are investigated through device modeling based on the Landau–Khalatnikov (LK) equations in HSPICE. We managed to realize an ultra-compact ternary inverter with one NC2D-PMOS (WSe2) and one NC2D-NMOS (MoS2) in HSPICE simulations, whose transistor count is significantly reduced compared with other counterparts. We also proposed a novel input waveform scheme to solve the hysteresis problem caused by ferroelectric modulation to avoid logic confusion. Additionally, the power consumption and propagation delay of the NC2D-based ternary inverter are also investigated. This work may provide some insights into the design and applications of ferroelectric-incorporated 2D semiconductor devices.

AbstractMulti-element layered materials enable the use of stoichiometric variation to engineer their optical responses at subwavelength scale. In this regard, naturally occurring van der Waals minerals allow us to harness a wide range of chemical compositions, crystal structures and lattice symmetries for layered materials under atomically thin limit. Recently, one type of naturally occurring sulfide mineral, ternary teallite has attained significant interest in the context of thermoelectric, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic applications, but understanding of light-matter interactions in such ternary teallite crystals is scarcely available. Herein, polarization-dependent linear and nonlinear optical responses in mechanically exfoliated teallite crystals are investigated including anisotropic Raman modes, wavelength-dependent linear dichroism, optical band gap evolution, and anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG). Furthermore, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of teallite crystal is estimated using the thickness-dependent THG emission process. We anticipate that our findings will open the avenue to a better understanding of the tailored light-matter interactions in complex multi-element layered materials and their implications in optical sensors, frequency modulators, integrated photonic circuits, and other nonlinear signal processing applications.

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) ternary materials recently generated interest in optoelectronics and energy-related applications, alongside their binary counterparts. To date, only a few naturally occurring layered 2D ternary materials have been explored. The plethora of benefits owed to reduced dimensionality prompted exploration of expanding non-layered ternary chalcogenides into the 2D realm. This work presents a templating method that uses 2D transition metal dichalcogenides as initiators to be converted into the corresponding ternary chalcogenide upon addition of copper, via a solution-phase synthesis, conducted in high boiling point solvents. The process starts with preparation of VSe2 nanosheets, which are next converted into Cu3VSe4 sulvanite nanosheets (NSs) which retain the 2D geometry while presenting an X-ray diffraction pattern identical with the one for the bulk Cu3VSe4. Both the scanning electron microscopy and transmission microscopy electron microscopy show the presence of quasi-2D morphology. Recent studies of the sulfur-containing sulvanite Cu3VS4 highlight the presence of an intermediate bandgap, associated with enhanced photovoltaic (PV) performance. The Cu3VSe4 nanosheets reported herein exhibit multiple UV–Vis absorption peaks, related to the intermediate bandgaps similar to Cu3VS4 and Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals. To test the potential of Cu3VSe4 NSs as an absorber for solar photovoltaic devices, Cu3VSe4 NSs thin-films deposited on FTO were subjected to photoelectrochemical testing, showing p-type behavior and stable photocurrents of up to ~ 0.036 mA/cm2. The photocurrent shows a ninefold increase in comparison to reported performance of Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals. This proves that quasi-2D sulvanite nanosheets are amenable to thin-film deposition and could show superior PV performance in comparison to nanocrystal thin-films. The obtained electrical impedance spectroscopy signal of the Cu3VSe4 NSs-FTO based electrochemical cell fits an equivalent circuit with the circuit elements of solution resistance (Rs), charge-transfer resistance (Rct), double-layer capacitance (Cdl), and Warburg impedance (W). The estimated charge transfer resistance value of 300 Ω cm2 obtained from the Nyquist plot provides an insight into the rate of charge transfer on the electrode/electrolyte interface.

Few-layered binary 2D transition metal chalcogenides have been comprehensively employed in photodetector systems thanks to their intrinsic band gap structure and a high in-plane charge carrier mobility. Their rich chemistry...

Herein we report two 2D layered metal–organic rotaxane frameworks (MORFs), WUST-1 and WUST-2, constituted by a ternary host-guest complex based on cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and (E)-1-methyl-4-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)styryl] pyridinium (G1) ligand, and different...

AbstractSearching for advanced anode materials with excellent electrochemical properties in sodium-ion battery is essential and imperative for next-generation energy storage system to solve the energy shortage problem. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin FePS3 nanosheets, a typical ternary metal phosphosulfide, are first prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation. The novel 2D/2D heterojunction of FePS3 nanosheets@MXene composite is then successfully synthesized by in situ mixing ultrathin MXene nanosheets with FePS3 nanosheets. The resultant FePS3 nanosheets@MXene hybrids can increase the electronic conductivity and specific surface area, assuring excellent surface and interfacial charge transfer abilities. Furthermore, the unique heterojunction endows FePS3 nanosheets@MXene composite to promote the diffusion of Na+ and alleviate the drastic change in volume in the cyclic process, enhancing the sodium storage capability. Consequently, the few-layered FePS3 nanosheets uniformly coated by ultrathin MXene provide an exceptional reversible capacity of 676.1 mAh g−1 at the current of 100 mA g−1 after 90 cycles, which is equivalent to around 90.6% of the second-cycle capacity (746.4 mAh g−1). This work provides an original protocol for constructing 2D/2D material and demonstrates the FePS3@MXene composite as a potential anode material with excellent property for sodium-ion batteries.

Abstract Designing rationally combined metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with multifunctional nanogeometries is of significant research interest to enable the electrochemical properties in advanced energy storage devices. Herein, we explored a new class of binder-free dual-layered Ni–Co–Mn-based MOFs (NCM-based MOFs) with three-dimensional (3D)-on-2D nanoarchitectures through a polarity-induced solution-phase method for high-performance supercapatteries. The hierarchical NCM-based MOFs having grown on nickel foam exhibit a battery-type charge storage mechanism with superior areal capacity (1311.4 μAh cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2), good rate capability (61.8%; 811.67 μAh cm−2 at 50 mA cm−2), and an excellent cycling durability. The superior charge storage properties are ascribed to the synergistic features, higher accessible active sites of dual-layered nanogeometries, and exalted redox chemistry of multi metallic guest species, respectively. The bilayered NCM-based MOFs are further employed as a battery-type electrode for the fabrication of supercapattery paradigm with biomass-derived nitrogen/oxygen doped porous carbon as a negative electrode, which demonstrates excellent capacity of 1.6 mAh cm−2 along with high energy and power densities of 1.21 mWh cm−2 and 32.49 mW cm−2, respectively. Following, the MOF-based supercapattery was further assembled with a renewable solar power harvester to use as a self-charging station for various portable electronic applications.