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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Terms of trade – Soviet Union'
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1
Lee, Choongbae. "The geopolitics of South Korean trade relations with the former Soviet Union (1988-1993)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268961.
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Bradshaw, Michael Joseph. "East-West trade and the regional development of Siberia and the Soviet Far East." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26964.
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Studies of the role of East-West trade in Soviet economic development often assume that Siberia and the Far East play an important role in trading relations, but few studies have examined the extent of that role and the relationship between trade and economic development within the region. This study addresses two interrelated questions: firstly, what is the role of Siberia and the Far East in trade with the West, and secondly, what is the role of East-West trade in Siberian development.
Regional trade participation data are not available. The study therefore examines the composition of Soviet trade with the West and the industrial structure of the Siberian economy, in order to deduce the extent of regional participation in trade. Soviet exports to the West are dominated by natural resources, while imports from the West comprise machinery and equipment, manufactured goods and agricultural products. Analysis of the Siberian economy reveals a specialisation in the production and processing of natural resources. Estimates of export participation show that since the late 1970s the region has become the Soviet Union's most important source of foreign currency. Imports of Western technology are shown to play an important part in natural resource production and in the creation of Siberia's Territorial-Production Complexes. In many instances compensation agreements tie the use of imports to export production.
Overall the value of Siberian exports exceeds the cost of imports of Western technology, so that the region generates a sizeable foreign currency surplus. In conclusion, a simple model of the trade and development process is presented which relates the pattern of foreign trade participation to the process of regional development. The impact of Western imports is felt mainly in the European core region where they provide additional resources to feed the population and renovate the industrial base; the impact of exports to the West is felt mainly in Siberia and the Far East where they increase demands for natural resource production. Thus, East-West trade serves to perpetuate the existing core-periphery pattern of Soviet regional development.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Carter, Charles William. "The Importance of Osthandel: West German-Soviet Trade and the End of the Cold War, 1969-1991." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1346850432.
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Brown, James D. J. "The energy impact theory of foreign policy : an analysis of Soviet Union and Russian Federation, 1970-2010." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166218.
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This thesis addresses the substantive problem: how does variation in energy wealth impact upon the foreign policies of major energy-producing states? To answer this question, the thesis draws upon the ‘resource curse’ literature, as well as existing works of foreign policy analysis, to formulate a new theory. Based on a framework of neoclassical realism, this energy impact theory of foreign policy proposes that energy wealth, conceived as a national capability, has a significant and reliable effect on major energy-producing states’ foreign policies. Specifically, it is hypothesised that increases in energy capabilities amplify the scale and scope of these states’ international activity; promote boldness, ambition, and aggression; and encourage the adoption of unilateralist approaches to foreign policy. Decreases in energy capabilities are anticipated to have the opposite effects. Having delineated the core features of this middle-range theory, the model is tested using an initial, most-likely case study of the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, 1970 to 2010. The results of this empirical study are enormously encouraging since, following meticulous qualitative analysis of events data, the theory is concluded to have significant explanatory value in this context, as well as substantial promise as a more general model. In this way, the thesis endeavours to make a distinctive contribution, not only to research into the factors shaping Moscow’s international conduct, but also to the broader theoretical literatures on the ‘resource curse’ and foreign policy analysis. It is anticipated that this thesis marks only the beginning of a much more extensive programme of research.
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Nashiraliyev, Yeldos. "Economic integration in the Commonwealth of Independent States: perspectives, problems, solutions : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Policy at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1080.
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It has been 17 years since the Soviet Union broke up and its constituent countries gained their independence. In the beginning years the sovereignty was considered an indisputable priority, resulting in economic matters being put off. However, in the light of slow economic development in the area, it seemed to be imperative for these countries to pursue economic integration. Backed up by political will, several attempts had been made to establish various integration groupings, one of them being the Commonwealth of Independent States. The established organisation’s main aim was to assist countries in preserving the connecting links inherited from the former Soviet Union. Some of the countries in the region managed to achieve relatively high growth rates mainly due to their individual efforts. Unfortunately, so far, none out of a number of proposed integration projects has proven to be an effective and binding tool in the political and economic development of the region. This thesis aims to identify problems standing in the way of economic integration of the Commonwealth of Independent States. As of now, a free trade area – the initial form of economic integration – has not been established. Although trade ties between the member states function, the main export destination of these states is outside the Commonwealth. It is recommended that the initial steps in setting up a free trade area in this territory should begin with developing integration within regional associations, due to smaller numbers of participants and their common interests.
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Götz, Linde Johanna [Verfasser]. "Trade policy interventions on agricultural markets in countries of the former Soviet Union and the Balkans / Linde Johanna Götz." Halle, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147380600/34.
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Orjasniemi, S. (Seppo). "Studies on the macroeconomics of monetary union." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514298110.
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Abstract The euro area consists of several small open, fairly heterogeneous economies. The establishment of this common currency area greatly changed the macroeconomic interdependency between its member countries. This thesis examines the fundamental macroeconomic linkages and spillover effects between the monetary union member countries with the focus on the phenomena associated with the countries’ openness to international trade. This doctoral thesis consists of three essays. The first essay examines the impact of the implementation of a monetary union on international economic fluctuations. The essay finds that the implementation reverses the expenditure-switching effects between goods produced inside the monetary union, and helps to stabilize economic fluctuations. The second essay examines the effects of openness to international trade on a small monetary union. The essay shows howmovements in the monetary union’s exchange rate stabilize output fluctuations inside the monetary union and reduce the need for fiscal stabilization. The third essay argues that, under a non-coordinated optimal fiscal policy, government spending should focus on the stabilization of a local output gap and inflation, while union-wide aggregate fluctuations should be stabilized by a common independent monetary policy. The essay also shows how a suboptimal monetary policy increases the spillover effects of countryspecific shocksTiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan rahaliiton maiden välisiä makrotaloudellisia riippuvuussuhteita. Tutkimuksessa keskitytään erityisesti kansainvälisen kaupan ilmiöihin. Väitöskirja koostuu kolmesta erillisestä esseestä. Ensimmäisessä esseessä käsitellään rahaliiton perustamisen vaikutuksia kansainvälisen talouden dynamiikkaan. Tulosten mukaan rahaliiton perustaminen muuttaa vaihtosuhteen dynamiikkaa rahaliiton sisällä. Lisäksi rahaliiton muodostaminen vaimentaa jäsenmaiden makrotaloudellisia heilahteluita. Toisessa esseessä tutkitaan kansainvälisen kaupan merkitystä pienen rahaliiton tapauksessa. Havaitaan, että yhteisvaluutan kurssimuutokset tasapainottavat rahaliiton sisäisiä reaalitalouden muutoksia ja vähentävät tarvetta tasapainottaa taloutta finanssipolitiikan avulla. Kolmannessa esseessä osoitetaan, että rahaliiton jäsenvaltioiden harjoittaman itsenäisen finanssipolitiikan tulisi keskittyä kotimaisen inflaation ja tuotannon tasapainottamiseen. Yhteisen rahapolitiikan tulisi puolestaan tasapainottaa rahaliiton keskimääräisiä muutoksia. Tulosten mukaan epäoptimaalinen rahapolitiikka voimistaa maakohtaisten reaalitaloudellisten muutosten välittymistä muihin rahaliiton maihin
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Boumediene, Farid Jimmy. "Determinacy and learning stability of economic policy in asymmetric monetary union models." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/972.
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This thesis examines determinacy and E-stability of economic policy in monetary union models. Monetary policy takes the form of either a contemporaneous or a forecast based interest rate rule, while fiscal policy follows a contemporaneous government spending rule. In the absence of asymmetries, the results from the closed economy literature on learning are retained. However, when introducing asymmetries into monetary union frameworks, the determinacy and E-stability conditions for economic policy differ from both the closed and open economy cases. We find that a monetary union with heterogeneous price rigidities is more likely to be determinate and E-stable. Specifically, the Taylor principle, a key stability condition for the closed economy, is now relaxed. Furthermore, an interest rate rule that stabilizes the terms of trade in addition to output and inflation, is more likely to induce determinacy and local stability under RLS learning. If monetary policy is sufficiently aggressive in stabilizing the terms of trade, then determinacy and E-stability of the union economy can be achieved without direct stabilization of output and inflation. A fiscal policy rule that supports demand for domestic goods following a shock to competitiveness, can destabilize the union economy regardless of the interest rate rule employed by the union central bank. In this case, determinacy and E-stability conditions have to be simultaneously and independently met by both fiscal and monetary policy for the union economy to be stable. When fiscal policy instead stabilizes domestic output gaps while monetary policy stabilizes union output and inflation, fiscal policy directly affects the stability of monetary policy. A contemporaneous monetary policy rule has to be more aggressive to satisfy the Taylor principle, the more aggressive fiscal policy is. On the other hand, when monetary policy is forward looking, an aggressive fiscal policy rule can help induce determinacy.
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Mann, Samuel. "Essays in international macroeconomics and finance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/279973.
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This collection of essays examines the topic of macroeconomic stabilisation in an international context, focusing on monetary policy, capital controls and exchange rates. Chapter 1, written in collaboration with Giancarlo Corsetti and Joao Duarte, reconsiders the effects of common monetary policy shocks across countries in the euro area, using a data-rich factor model and identifying shocks with high-frequency surprises around policy announcements. We show that the degree of heterogeneity in the response to shocks, while being low in financial variables and output, is significant in consumption, consumer prices and macro variables related to the labour and housing markets. Mirroring country-specific institutional and market differences, we find that home ownership rates are significantly correlated with the strength of the housing channel in monetary policy transmission. We document a high dispersion in the response to shocks of house prices and rents and show that, similar to responses in the US, these variables tend to move in different directions. In Chapter 2, I build a two-country, two-good model to examine the welfare effects of capital controls, finding that under certain circumstances, a shut-down in asset trade can be a Pareto improvement. Further, I examine the robustness of the result to parameter changes, explore a wider set of policy instruments and confront computational issues in this class of international macroeconomic models. I document that within an empirically relevant parameter span for the trade elasticity, the gains from capital controls might be significantly larger than suggested by previous contributions. Moreover, I establish that a refined form of capital controls in the shape of taxes and tariffs cannot improve upon the outcome under financial autarky. Finally, results show that the conjunction of pruning methods and endogenous discount factors can remove explosive behaviour from this class of models and restore equilibrating properties. In Chapter 3, I use a panel of 20 emerging market currencies to assess whether a model that combines fundamental and non-fundamental exchange rate forecasting approaches can successfully predict risk premia (i.e. currency excess returns) over the short horizon. In doing so, I aim to overcome three main shortcomings of earlier research: i) Sensitivity to the chosen sample period; ii) seemingly arbitrary selection of explanatory variables that differs from currency to currency; and iii) difficulty in interpreting forecasts beyond the numerical signal. Based on a theoretical model of currency risk premia, I use real exchange rate strength combined with indicators for carry, momentum and economic sentiment to homogeneously forecast risk premia across all 20 currencies in the sample at a monthly frequency. In doing so, the model remains largely agnostic about structural choices, keeping arbitrarily imposed restrictions to a minimum. Results from portfolio construction suggest that returns are significant and robust both across currencies as well as over time, with Sharpe Ratios in out-of-sample tests above 0.7.
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Perničková, Adéla. "Porovnání evropského a asijského přístupu k Africe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81877.
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In my diploma thesis I compare European and Asian approach to African continent. In the first chapter natural resources and strategic position of Africa is described. I deal with traditional business relationships with African partner, political relation, their agriculture production and tourism in Africa. In this chapter I apply Leamer's triangle, Dutch disease and terms of trade on relationship between African countries and their business partners. Second chapter analyzes factors which influence interests for cooperation between European and African countries. In the second half of this chapter I try to show how Africa sees European and Asian countries. I deal mainly with relationship between European and African integration, using the theory of the effects of economic blocs. In the last chapter I compare the approach of the European Union and Asian countries to Africa.
11
Heubaum, Regine. "Das Volkskommissariat für Außenhandel und seine Nachfolgeorganisationen 1920- 1930." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14704.
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Die Dissertation untersucht am Beispiel des Volkskommissariates für Außenhandel die Entstehung der frühen Sowjetbürokratie und analysiert administrative und politische Prozesse, die der Herausbildung des Stalinismus vorangingen. Gegenstand der Untersuchung sind die Probleme des staatlich organisierten Außenhandels sowie die Schwierigkeiten bei der Anknüpfung von Handelsbeziehungen zu den kapitalistischen Staaten in der Zeit nach der Revolution. Außenpolitische Faktoren und weltwirtschaftliche Voraussetzungen werden in diesem Zusammenhang ebenso berücksichtigt wie die zum Teil widersprüchlichen Interessen des sowjetischen Außenhandels einerseits und der sowjetschen Diplomatie anderseits. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage nach dem Verhältnis zwischen Parteiapparat und Regierungsbürokratie sowie die Rolle der Volkskommissariate im politischen Entscheidungsprozeß. Die Verfasserin konzentriert sich in diesem Zusammenhang auf drei Themenkomplexe: die Kaderpolitik der KPR(b) gegenüber dem Volkskommissariat für Außenhandel, den organisatorischen Wandel in dieser Behörde während der Neuen Ökonomischen Politik sowie das Zusammenspiel einzelner Partei- und Wirtschaftsbehörden bei der Entscheidung konkreter handelspolitischer Fragen.This dissertation examines the People´s Comissariat of Foreign Trade as an example of the development of early Soviet bureaucracy and analyses administrative and political processes, proceeding the rise of stalinism. The study deals with the problems of centrally planned foreign trade and the difficulties of establishing trading connections to the capitalistic states in the post-revolutionary period. In this context international factors and conditions, dictated by world economy, are considered as well as the contradictory interests of Soviet foreign trade on one hand and soviet diplomacy on the other hand. The focus is set on decision-making concerning the relationship between party apparatus and the People´s Comissariats. In this context the author concentrates on three aspects: the influence of CK´s Policy of Cadre selection on People´s Comissariat of Foreign Trade, the organizational change in this institution during the New Economic Policy and the cooperation between the various economic and party institutions, concerning the decision on concrete questions of foreign trade.
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Esno, Tyler P. "Trading with the Enemy: U.S. Economic Policies and the End of the Cold War." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1486807359479029.
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DAVIDDI, Renzo. "The evolution of Soviet foreign trade :an attempt to assess Soviet dependence on foreign trade." Doctoral thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4895.
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Defence date: 17 June 1988Examining board: Prof. Alberto Chilosi, University of Pisa ; Prof. Phil Hanson, CREES, University of Birmingham ; Prof. Wojciech Maciejewski, University of Warsaw ; Domenico Mario Nuti, E.U.I., Supervisor ; Prof. Jozef van Brabant, United Nations, New York
First made available online 19 June 2015
14
Faith, Robert. "Rescuing Trade from Necessity: Henry Kissinger‘s Economic Diplomacy toward the Soviet Union." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2069/441.
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Henry Kissinger has often been depicted as a disciple of Continental realism, and a rarity among American Cold War diplomats. According to this interpretation, Kissinger did not concern himself with domestic politics, public opinion, and economic issues in his diplomacy toward the Soviet Union, and was focused solely on primary high-policy issues such as ending the Vietnam War. However, his later actions as National Security Advisor and Secretary of State under Presidents Nixon and Ford were decidedly inconsistent with Continental realism. This thesis argues that Kissinger gradually incorporated economic issues as part of his ―diplomatic arsenal,‖ in which the context of East-West trade facilitated a transition away from Continental realism toward a ―naturalized‖ realism inclusive of more traditional American foreign policy elements. These elements include economic issues, domestic politics, and the relationship between the statesman and the American public.Dr. Werner Lippert Dr. Sharon Franklin-Rahkonen Dr. Steven Schroeder Dr. Thomas Alan Schwartz
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Kramar, Mark A. "Development of East European & Soviet direct trade relations with South Korea 1970-1991 /." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33096114.html.
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Johnson, Rickard L. "Throwing off the shackles: the emergence of the Soviet Union into the arena of world trade." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21584.
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Junne-Hsiu, Lin, and 林俊秀. "A Study on the Development of Foreign Trade in Russia-- From the Period of Planning Economic System of Soviet Union to the Period of Transitional Economic System of Russian Federation." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98366988574120608666.
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碩士淡江大學
俄羅斯研究所
88
The main theme of this thesis is to describe the transformation of foreign trade system from Soviet Union to Russian Federation. This thesis discussed the Russian historical background of foreign trade development by looking at the policy, system, products, the amount of money, and partner of Russia foreign trade. The article has three parts, the first part, the author discussed the special features of foreign trade in the planning economic system and in the transitional economic system in Russia. After that the author discussed the foreign trade policy, system, products, volume of money, and trade partner in the Soviet Russia period. The last part, the author discusses the foreign trade policy, system, products, volume of money, and partner of Russian Federation. Finally, the author argued how the foreign trade policy, system, products, volume of money, and trade partner in the Soviet Union period affected the foreign trade development in the Russian Federation.
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Kashapov, Timur. "Vztahy Československa a Sovětského svazu v době úpadku a rozpadu Sovětské říše." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392670.
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cooperation in the 1970's. Soviet relations during two General Secretaries' reign - Chernenko and examines influence of theirs reform efforts on two countries' Disertační práce se zabývá hospodářsko politickými vztahy Sovětského svazu a Československa v 1992 a zahrnuje analýzu rozličných aspektů tomu je rozčleněna do čtyř kapitol. První 70. letech 20. století, včetně obchodní a vědeckotechnické spolupráce. Druhá kapitola je zaměřena na analýzu změn v českoslove sovětských vztazích v rámci reformních snah dvou generálních tajemníků J.V. Andropova a K.U. Černěnka. Třetí kapitola specifikuje vzájemný obchod v čase a struktuře v Gorbačovovy Perestrojky. Analyzuje se i fenomén perestrojky jak v Sovětském svazu, tak v Československu, objasňují se její podstata a vliv na vzájemné vztahy. této části se též řeší otázka která ze zemí více profitoval ze stávající struktury vzájemného obchodu, investiční činnosti, vědeckotechnické kooperace a aterální kooperace. Verifikuje se také tvrzení, že s ohledem na strukturu obchodu byl Sovětský svaz pro ČSSR významný především dovozem surovin, recipročně Československo reprezentovalo pro sovětské hospodářství důležitý zdroj technologických postupů a pro strojírenské produkci a spotřebních výrobcích. Závěrečná část obsahuje analýzu vývoje obchodní směny, nastiňují se...
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Thompson, Laura. "The Australian Government, the US alliance, and the Cuban Missile Crisis: A history and policy analysis." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/35980/.
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In October 1962, the world was brought to the brink of nuclear catastrophe. The Cuban
Missile Crisis marked the closest the United States (US) and the Soviet Union came to
military conflict that might have led to nuclear annihilation during the Cold War. This
thesis investigates the Australian Government’s policy response to the crisis. In doing
so, it makes an original contribution to Australian Cold War history and to the extensive
literature on the crisis.
The Australian Government’s policy response to the crisis is examined in the context of
the Australia-US alliance. A diplomatic history, this thesis relies heavily on declassified
government records from Australian and American archives. Additionally, oral history
interview transcripts, audio-visual materials, Hansard, newspapers, and private
collections, were consulted in order to reconstruct comprehensively Australia’s policy
on this matter and the factors that shaped it.
This thesis examines: Australia’s awareness of the Cuban situation; the Menzies
Government’s policy on the crisis, specifically, factors it considered—and did not
consider—in formulating its policy; and the Government’s immediate implementation
of that policy, including the reactions of some sections of the Australian community to
that policy. It demonstrates that despite limited advance notice and awareness of the
Cuban situation, the Government swiftly declared support for the US in the crisis,
specifically, its resolution to be presented to the United Nations Security Council. It reveals that certain politicians, diplomats, and public servants were concerned about:
Australia’s obligations under the Australia New Zealand United States Security Treaty;
the legality of the US response; the precedent set by the quarantine; the implications of
US policy on the crisis regarding Australian nuclear ambitions; Australia maintaining its
trade relationship with Cuba; and the repercussions the crisis could have on collective
defence arrangements, which Australia relied on for its security. Despite these concerns
and challenges, the Government considered the successful management of the US
alliance paramount in formulating and implementing its policy on the crisis.