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Journal articles on the topic 'Terai and Duars area'
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1
Biswas, Kishor, and Abhaya Prasad Das. "Impact of invasive alien weeds on phytodiversity of Terai-Duars region of West Bengal, India." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 11, no. 1 (2019): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2019.v11i01.003.
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The article reports the investigation on the impacts of alien invasive weeds on phyto-diversity of Terai-Duars belt of West Bengal. Invasive weed-invaded and non-invaded vegetation tracts, under same ecological conditions, were sampled and compared to understand their impact on the local biodiversity. Invaded area was inhabitated by a fewer number of species, poor in species diversity, with higher concentration of dominance and poor in species richness. The study suggested further research on the impact of aggressive and invasive alien weeds on Biodiversity and ecosystem of this area.
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Das, A. P., and Chandra Ghosh. "Plant wealth of Darjiling and Sikkim Himalayas vis-à-vis conservation." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 5, no. 1 (2011): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2011.v05i01.004.
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The richness of the flora of Darjiling Hills along with Sikkim and Nepal parts of the Eastern Himalaya is well known and that has attracted plant lovers, explorers and hunters almost equally for the last three centuries or so. The processes of evolution worked in this part of the Himalayas almost in an undisturbed condition for millions of years assisted by much varied but extremely favourable climatic conditions and has produced innumerable new species, a good proportion of which are still endemic to the region. The vegetation structure and the flora in different parts of this region have developed as per the local climatic make-up. So, when almost tropical vegetation is found on outer low altitude areas, it is sub-alpine to alpine to arctic in high altitude areas especially above 3000 m. Terai and Duars are located at the feet of the hills are maintaining a contiguous rich vegetation. The vegetation scenario in this region is changing very fast during last three or four decades mostly due to anthropogenic activities. Extension of civilisation along with the population explosion lead to the increase in forest extraction, rate of modification of floristic composition, pollution content, soil erosion, plant introduction, clearing of natural vegetation etc. There is evidence that the force of evolution is still active here but the lack of proper corridor (along with other factors mentioned above) for plant migration will certainly cause the weakening of numerous local species and the rate of extinction of species will increase in a logarithmic scale. Like any other part of this planet here also it appears to be one nearly impossible task to save the local biodiversity. Just the declaration of some Protected Areas is not enough. Activities through ecotourism are also affecting the conservation practices. Unless we succeed to conserve the natural vegetation on this planet the entire biosphere will be dead within next 100 years.
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Chowdhury, Roshni, Anurag Chowdhury, and Monoranjan Chowdhury. "Foliar micromorphological character studies on Trichosanthes L. (Cucurbitaceae) from Terai & Duars, West Bengal, India." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 10 (October 6, 2018): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.10.2.
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Trichosanthes is one of the most economically important genera of the family Cucurbitaceae. Studies on trichome micro-morphology and stomata were investigated for six species of Trichosanthes. All species has been recorded from the Terai and Duars of West Bengal. Range of variability in Trichosanthes species are quite variable, trichomes types including uni-multiseriate, macro-microform, conical, candelabra, capitated, glandular and non- glandular. Stomatal character shows variability (Paracytic, Actinocytic, Anomocytic and Diacytic). Trichomes and stomatal characters are utilised for phenetic studies which found to be important taxonomic tools to solve any disputes at least at or below species level.
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Das, Abhaya Prasad, Chandra Ghosh, Ajita Sarkar, and Rajib Biswas. "Ethnobotanical studies in India with notes on Terai-Duars and Hills of Darjiling and Sikkim." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 1, no. 1 (2007): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2007.v01i01.006.
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The very survivability of man is greatly associated with plants since his origin. Plants are responsible for the supply of Man's oxygen, food, medicine, fibre, shelter and what not! Also the relationship between man and environment in general has never been static and is changing continuously. But this is not the case with tribal/ aboriginal communities the world over. The life, culture and traditions of these communities have remained almost undisturbed and static for hundreds of years. They are the living archaeological museums of ancient traditions and cultural heritage of a nation.
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Debnath, Monojit, Malliya G. Palanichamy, Bikash Mitra, Jie-Qiong Jin, Tapas K. Chaudhuri, and Ya-Ping Zhang. "Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India." Journal of Human Genetics 56, no. 11 (September 8, 2011): 765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2011.98.
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Sarkar, Satyajit, Anurag Chowdhury, Sanjay Das, Bhaskar Chakraborty, Palash Mandal, and Monoranjan Chowdhury*. "Major tea processing practices in India." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 11 (October 31, 2016): 5071. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.11.0015.
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Tea is the most popular beverage in the world and is the economical backbones of some countries like India, China, Kenya, Sri Lanka etc. Indian tea is very much popular among the world, specially Darjeeling tea which is famous for its flavour and taste. Among the various types of tea, orthodox tea is highly demandable for its quality. The present paper deals with various types of tea processing in India. Mainly three types of tea processing are practices in India. Among these, CTC tea processing is more common in Indian sub-continent followed by Green tea and Orthodox tea. In this paper, details manufacturing process and step wise pictorial viewed are presented. All the data are extracted from different world famous tea gardens of Darjeeling, terai and duars of Northern West Bengal.
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Das, Diptosh, Prakash Pradhan, Debal Ray, Anirban Roy, and Krishnendu Acharya. "Contribution to the Macromycetes of West Bengal, India: 69–73." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 13 (September 26, 2020): 16840–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4896.12.13.16840-16853.
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The varied topography, soil and climate of West Bengal makes conducive conditions of macrofungal habitats nurturing magnificent diversity. During exploration of macro-fungal diversity in Terai Duars region of the state during 2017–18, basidiocarps of different kinds of the genus Lentinus (Polyporaceae) were collected, photographed along with macro-morphological and ecological notes. The specimens were identified through macro and micro-morphological characters following standard literature. Five species of the genus Lentinus (L. araucariae, L. fasciatus, L. polychrous, L. sajor-caju, and L. squarrosulus) were identified which are presented in this paper along with amplified description, necessary figures and photographs. Literature survey revealed that out of five identified species, L. araucariae and L. fasciatus represent new distributional record for India. The outcome of the present study would enrich data related to the macro-fungal diversity from the state of West Bengal.
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Shukla, Gopal, Rajib Biswas, A. P. Das, and Sumit Chakravarty. "Plant diversity at Chilapatta reserve forest of Terai Duars in sub-humid tropical foothills of Indian eastern Himalayas." Journal of Forestry Research 25, no. 3 (January 18, 2014): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-014-0452-3.
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Sharma, Uttam, Sabyasachi Das, Soumya Deb, Ram Kumar Sahu, and Santosh Fattepur. "A Comparative Antidiabetic Activity of the Three Plants Found in Terai and Duars Region of West Bengal, India." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 13, no. 02 (June 25, 2020): 907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1958.
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Deuti, Kaushik, Sukumar Ray, Probhat Bag, and Swapan Kumar Dey. "Amphibians of the Duars Area of Northern West Bengal." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 117, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v117/i3/2017/120966.
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Shukla, Gopal, and Sumit Chakravarty. "Fern diversity and biomass at Chilapatta reserve forest of West Bengal Terai Duars in sub-humid tropical foothills of Indian eastern Himalayas." Journal of Forestry Research 23, no. 4 (November 14, 2012): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-012-0301-1.
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MUKHERJEE, PRASANTA KUMAR. "Nomenclatural notes on Piper Linn. (Piperaceae) from India." Phytotaxa 289, no. 2 (December 22, 2016): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.2.9.
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More than a century ago, the comprehensive account of the Piperaceae in the Flora of British India by Hooker (1886) listed 45 species of Piper (including Pothomorphe) and ten species of Peperomia from India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka as well as the Indonesian islands Java and Sumatra. The genus Piper was treated under six sections, wherein he listed 28 species from present day India. Several years later, C. de Candolle (1923) recognized 95 species of Piper and eight of Peperomia from India, including 41 species of Piper that were new, although they were not described fully until 1925. A number of new species and varieties were also added by Van Heurck & Müller Argoviensis (1871), C. de Candolle (1910, 1912), Gamble (1924), Ravindran et al. (1987), Babu et al. (1993), Gajurel et al. (2001 a & b, 2007), Lekhak et al. (2012), and Mathew et al. (2016). In the meantime, some regional accounts of the genus Piper were also published, including Rahiman & Nair (1987) from Karnataka, Gajurel et al. (2002, 2008) from Arunachal Pradesh, and Das et al. (2010) from Terai Duars, Darjeeling, and Sikkim. Long (1984) published an account of Piperaceae from Bhutan that included records from Sikkim, wherein he suggested some new synonyms. A critical examination of these publications points to their limitations concerning some of the identities and nomenclature.
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Singh, KRN, Ram Bilakshan Sah, and PK Pokharel. "A study on malaria cases in hilly areas and Terai belt of Nepal." Health Renaissance 13, no. 1 (August 6, 2017): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v13i1.17942.
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Introduction: Malaria is a well-known disease and it continues to be a major public health problem at the start of new millennium. The problem is persistent not only amongst the city dwellers but also amongst the rural population.Objective: To identify the magnitude of malaria cases and to compare the malaria cases between hilly area and Terai belts.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Terai belt of Morang District Nepal at Nobel Medical College & Research Center Biratnagar from March to Oct 2007 and hilly area around Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital & Research Center Pravas, Tansen, Palpa of Nepal between March to December 2008. Blood samples were collected from all the cases and malaria parasites were examined by Peripheral Blood Smear Examination and Rapid Card Method Screening.Results: Thirty-five cases were malaria positive from hilly area of whom 80% had Plasmodium vivax infection. Whereas in Terai belt 231 positive cases ware recorded. Out of them (62.8%) cases were affected by Plasmodium vivax infection. That most vulnerable age group was 15 years and above. Males were more affected than females.Conclusion: It was observed that in hilly areas the numbers of positive cases are less than the Terai belt. The magnitude of malaria cases are found high in July. A steady decline has been observed till September to October Health Renaissance 2015;13 (1): 4-12
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Ayub, Qasim. "Male lineages in the Himalayan foothills: A commentary on Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India." Journal of Human Genetics 56, no. 12 (October 6, 2011): 813–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2011.114.
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Mukherjee, Mainak, Sourav Chakraborty, Sahadeb Sarkar, Sumedha Saha, Soumya Majumder, Arindam Ghosh, and Malay Bhattacharya. "Soil Nutritional Status of Tea Plantations in Plains of Sub Himalayan West Bengal, India." Current Agriculture Research Journal 8, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.8.3.10.
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Tea is the most consumed beverages after water. In Terai and Dooars region of sub Himalayan West Bengal, India, tea plantations are around 150 years. Exploitation of tea garden soil over centuries has led to decline in soil fertility and crop productivity after all initiatives of external inputs. As nutrients play a crucial role in quality and quantity of manufactured tea, the present initiative has been designed to quantify the soil nutrient status of tea growing Terai and Dooars region. 79.62% (Terai) and 84.72% (Dooars) of the soil samples were found to have normal pH. 47.21% (Terai) and 49.3% (Dooars) of soil samples was found to have normal organic carbon. 12.03% and 20.82% of soil from Terai and Dooars showed low total nitrogen. Both the organic carbon and nitrogen in soil are positively correlated. Phosphorus (as P2O5) content of soil is extremely site and depth specific. Almost all samples of the study area showed high potassium (as K2O) content. Monoculture, change in rainfall pattern and inorganic additives have contributed enormous stress to soil but despite of all these odds the overall nutritional richness of these tea growing regions seems to be satisfactory.
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PARAJULI, RAJENDRA P., MASAHIRO UMEZAKI, and CHIHO WATANABE. "DIET AMONG PEOPLE IN THE TERAI REGION OF NEPAL, AN AREA OF MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY." Journal of Biosocial Science 44, no. 4 (February 27, 2012): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000065.
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SummaryIn the Terai region, despite its ecological richness, the people have long suffered from a deficiency of micronutrients such as vitamin A, iron and zinc. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary and nutritional intakes among people in the Terai region of Nepal. The results were compared by sex and ethnicity. Food consumption surveys (one-day weighed records) were conducted among 114 people (55Musharand 59Tharu). Nutritional intakes were calculated using Nepali food composition and other tables. The diet in the Terai region was characterized by a large amount of rice consumed with a tiny amount of curry ordalas a side dish. Intakes of vitamin A, iron, riboflavin and selenium were less than 50% of the recommended daily allowance irrespective of ethnicity or sex (with the exception of iron intake amongTharumales). Intakes of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus and zinc were higher among theTharuthan theMushar, while intakes of selenium and iodine were higher among theMusharthan theTharu. The nutritional significance of these differences was slight. Protein intake (per kg body weight) was lower in females than in males, while the energy-adjusted micronutrient intakes did not differ by sex. Intakes of vitamin A, iron, riboflavin and selenium were deficient among the participants. Intervention projects such as the introduction of kitchen gardens or fish farming may be effective, but will increase the degree of inequality between the two ethnic groups.
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Pokhrel, Suroj. "Comparitive Benefits of Beekeeping Enterprise in Chitwan, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 10 (August 12, 2009): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v10i0.2129.
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Based on the survey cunducted in 2004, beekeepers in Chitwan had small and fragmented land holdings with lower rate of return from subsistence crop farming. They are keeping Apis mellifera L.in Langstroth hive in Terai and A. cerana Fab. in improved, traditional-log and wall hives in hills, for honey production purpose. The honey productivity in Terai was 3.54 folds higher (28.7 vs 8.1 kg/yr/hive) than in hills with highest average annual income in Bharatpur area followed by East and West Chitwan. Moreover, the income of the beekeepers in Chitwan from honey production was 3.62 folds higher than crop farming (NRs 83,996.88 vs NRs 23,214.22 /house hold/year). It clearly showed that beekeeping with A. mellifera in the Terai is potential enterprise for higher income compared to crop production. Key words: Annual income; Apiculture; Crop production; Honey productivity; Land holding The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 46-59
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Aryal, Hari Prasad, and Usha Budathokio. "Macro-fungi of Karhiya Community Forest, western Terai, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 (January 24, 2013): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7495.
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This is the preliminary report on mycological investigation carried out at Karhiya Community Forest, in Terai region of western Nepal. Phytogeographycally, the area lies within a narrow limit of altitude between 160 and 195 msl in tropical deciduous riverine forest, where major dominant species of macro fungi are Amanita chepangiana, A. caesrea, A. pantherina, Macrolepiota procera, M. rhacodes, Marasamius perforans, M. oreades, Termitomyces clypeatus and T. eurhizeus. The samples collected in the present study represented 26 genera of Basidiomycetes belonging to 18 families and 30 species. The dried specimens are housed in the Nepalese herbaria (TUCH, Kath). The area embraces the mycophagus ethnic communities like Tharu, Magar, Kumal, Majhi, Thakali, Gugung, Girel and Chhantal. The mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable utilization and conservation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7495 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 93-97 (2012)
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Shrestha, Hari K., Hira K. Manandhar, and Punya P. Regmi. "Variety Development Cost versus Variety Adoption in Major Cereals in Nepal." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (January 17, 2013): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7393.
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This study was carried out to measure the research investment in major cereals, namely, rice, maize and wheat, and identify the general adoption status of their released varieties in Nepal. Financial resource use was derived from disaggregated expenditure whereas human resource use was approximated from full time equivalent (FTE) of researchers in each crop through questionnaire survey. Information regarding the farmers’ adoption was collected through group interaction with extension staff in selected hill and Terai districts from each of five geographical regions of the country. The variety development cost was Rs. 38.1 million in maize, 15.8 million in wheat, and 14.6 million in rice during 2001-2010 at 2000/01price. Of the total FTE researchers, 35 in rice, 28 in wheat and 18 in maize were involved in various disciplines of the crop research whereas 8 FTE researchers were involved in breeding of each of the crops. Among the most common rice varieties, Khumal-4 was adopted in 55% area in Kavre district, Radha-12 was adopted in 40% area in Sunsari district and Radha-4 was adopted in 70% area in Banke district in the main season. Indian hybrid maize was common in most of the Terai districts with maximum adoption in 95% area in Bara district. Among the popular wheat varieties, Gautam was common in hill and Terai districts with the adoption range from 30 to 50% of total wheat area. Compared with maize and wheat, adoption of improved rice varieties was relatively low since high yielding and suitable rice varieties were still lacking for various domains. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 7-15 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7393
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Baruwal, Himal. "Migration and Satisfaction: The Case of Hilly to Terai Region." Bhairahawa Campus Journal 6, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2023): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bhairahawacj.v6i1-2.65171.
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This article proposes a formal model of migration in which people of hilly area migrated to Terai area. Migration was taken place for the betterment of life, nuclear family choice, risk of financial management, adjustment adverse climatic condition, cultural and social differences. It shows that migration can be take place in various adverse situation and risk, surprisingly, when earning is more and less in both situations, migration can take place. I provide some evidence in support of the concerned area.
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Poudel, Pushpa Raj, and Umakant Silwal. "Demographic Distribution by Eco-belt in Nepal (A case study of Solukhumbu, Kathmandu, and Chitwan)." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v3i3.34861.
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Nepal is divided into three ecological belts viz. Mountain, Hills and Terai. Mountain region consists about 24% of country’s total area, hilly region covers 56% and Terai consists 20% of country’s total area. The study has selected three districts from these three ecological parts with objective to identify the demographic distribution based on the selected household. Out of the 77-district based on the Small Area Estimation – calculating the poverty variability keeping the max poverty rate and min poverty rate, the study chosen the 3 district - Solukhumbu, Kathmandu and Chitwan. Total 880 households were drowned from the selected villages by using the simple random sampling. Structured questionnaire survey and interview checklist were used to collect the data from selected households. The study found that there was prevalence of child headed and female headed family also in the study area which are known as the vulnerable group. The community and local government should ensure the security of families. Besides that, unemployment status was also found in the study area which might encourage for the aboard migration of youth. So, the concerned authorities should address such problem for the development of rural society.
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Ghosh, Chandra, Rajib Biswas, and A. P. Das. "Ethnic uses of some pteridophytic weeds of tea gardens in Darjeeling and Terai." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 2, no. 1 (2008): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2008.v02i01.008.
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Pteridophytes occupy a recognisable position in the flora of Terai and the hills of Darjiling. They are also well represented as weed in the Tea Gardens of this area. Recent survey recorded the occurrence of 86 species of pteridophytes from nine such gardens covering both Terai and Darjiling Hills. Of these, 25 species (30%), covering 21 genera and 20 families, are used by the Tea Garden workers in different manner like (i) 10 species as food, (ii) 02 species for fermenting traditional liquor, (iii) 01 species as fodder and (iv) 22 species as medicine for human diseases. In addition, some of these plants are used for basketry, playing carom, ceremonial decoration, ornamentals etc.
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Rijal, Tirtha Raj, Govind KC, Kesab Babu Koirala, and Jiban Shrestha. "Evaluation of maize genotypes for Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) in Terai and inner terai of Nepal." Journal of Maize Research and Development 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16221.
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Thirty maize genotypes in 2014-2015 at Dumarwana, Nijgadh, Keureni and Rampur and ten genotypes in 2015-2016 at Anandpur, Shitalnagar, Dumarwana, Nijgadh and Rampur were evaluated for resistance to Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) under farmers field conditions. The scale used for disease severity ranged from 1-5 scale based on the proportionate leaf area affected by the disease. The combined analysis over locations in 2014-2015 showed that among the 30 genotypes 25 genotypes were resistant (1.0-2.0 scale), and 5 genotypes were moderately resistant (2.1-3.0 scale). Similarly the pooled analysis over locations in 2015-2016 showed that 7 genotypes were resistant (1.0-2.0 scale) and 3 genotypes were moderately resistant (2.1-3.0 scale). The maize genotypes namely Z376-26, Z478-3, Z433-99, Z464-5, Z478-2, Z466-1, CAH1513, RML-95/RML-96, CAH1515, CAH1521, CAH1515, CAH151, CAH153, ZH114228 , Z376-9, Z466-3, Z376-5, RML-32/RML-17, RML-86/RML-96 and 900MGold were resistant with disease severity scale of 1.5 and with higher grain yield in both the years. Thus above genotypes were identified as promising sources of resistance against E. turcicum and they can be used to develop disease resistant and high yielding varieties to enhance maize productivity in terai and inner terai of Nepal.
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Devkota, Niranjan, and Ram Kumar Phuyal. "Climatic Impact on Wheat Production in Terai of Nepal." Journal of Development and Administrative Studies 23, no. 1-2 (August 11, 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodas.v23i1-2.15445.
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This study examines the climatic impact on wheat production in Terai of Nepal. This paper employs a Ricardian cross-sectional approach to estimates the relationship between wheat production and net revenue associated with wheat production in the plain area of Nepal (i.e. Terai) with different temperatures (average, maximum and minimum), precipitation and other traditional inputs like population density, seed, fertilizer, human labour, bullock labour and tractor. By using district level secondary data of 25 years, this study finds significant positive impact of the average and maximum temperature and significant negative impact of the minimum temperature on net revenue and wheat yield of the Terai region. Similarly, precipitation has mixed impacts. With the maximum temperature, increase in precipitation reduces net revenue and wheat yield whereas with average and minimum temperature, precipitation increases wheat yields as well as revenue. Other traditional inputs like population density, seed, manure, human labour and tractor used are positively associated with climatic change and increase net revenue as well as wheat yield whereas fertilizer and bullock used are negatively associated with climatic change and reduce net revenue and wheat yield.The Journal of Development and Administrative Studies (JODAS), Vol. 23(1-2), pp. 1-22
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Dahal, Padam Kanta, Lalita Dahal, Sarina Khanal, Sazina Poudel, and Bhawana Khatiwada. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Kathmandu Terai Fast-Track." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11726.
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Road transport is dominant necessity for the overall economic development of any nation. In case of Nepal, an easy access between the Capital City and Terai, the store-house of the country and is very necessary. To facilitate this promotion of an improved core road network, Government of Nepal has launched the Kathmandu Terai Fast Track Project. Many concerned personalities and sectors had considered this project to be number one in the list of seventeen projects of national pride declared by the government. The main objective of this study was to identify the impacts of proposed project implementation on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area and propose mitigation measures to avoid or mitigate such impacts. Primary information collection and secondary data review was the source of data with cross sectional descriptive study design. Data was taken purposively in the project affected area. Length of 72.6 km fast track from Kathmandu – Lalitpur – Makawanpur and up to Nijgadh in Bara district to link with the East West Highway will be of four lanes with 50 m on each side. The project was proposed to have 96 bridges big or small; 1.6 km long tunnel will be built in Thingan of Makawanpur on public-private partnership. It had projected costs of more than NRs 250 million. The impacts on land use will be on about 30km of agricultural land, 43km of forests and about 3km of other land uses, bridges etc. in the main alignment. The impacts on human life will mainly be in villages near the alignment. There are 38 villages within about 50m of the main alignment. The project can be continued with minimum of environmental degradation by applying the mitigation measures. Nation has been investing a lot of resources. Upon the completion of the fast track, the distance and time to reach the capital city from Terai will come down to only 1.5 hours and will transform the capital, eastern Terai and the country as a whole. It is estimated that NRs 4.5 billion will be saved annually of the transport cost. Therefore, Kathmandu Terai Fast Track Project can be considered as the single most important prospect for the improvement of traffic conditions and the creation of a major economic impact in Nepal over the coming decade.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11726 International Journal of EnvironmentVol. 3, No. 4, 2014Page: 1-11
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Adhikari, Tika B., Anil Shrestha, Ram Chandra Basnyat, and T. W. Mew. "Use of Partial Host Resistance in the Management of Bacterial Blight of Rice." Plant Disease 83, no. 10 (October 1999): 896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.10.896.
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The progress of bacterial blight epidemics, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, varies with environment. The irrigated lowland rice production environment in central Terai (plain) is less conducive to the disease than the irrigated lowland rice production environment in eastern Terai in Nepal. The effect of partial resistance on bacterial blight was studied in central Terai during the wet seasons of 1994, 1995, and 1996. Three partially resistant rice cultivars, Sabitri, Laxmi, and IR54 (possessing the Xa4 gene), and susceptible check IR24 were included in this study. Analysis of pooled data from the 3 years of experiments indicated that rice cultivars differed in resistance based on three epidemiological parameters: disease severity (DS), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and rate of disease increase (r). Estimates of DS, AUDPC, and r were reduced and yield loss was negligible in the partially resistant cultivar Laxmi compared with the susceptible check IR24. IR54, which has partial resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae, also showed low DS, AUDPC, and r, which prevented yield loss due to bacterial blight. The locally adapted cultivar Sabitri showed intermediate estimates of DS, AUDPC, r, and yield loss. Earlier and more severe disease developed in the susceptible check IR24, resulting in a yield loss of 22%. Yield losses were mainly due to reductions in number of tillers, number of grains per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight. These data indicate that the use of rice cultivars with high levels of partial resistance will be an effective tool for the management of bacterial blight in central Terai and similar environments in Nepal.
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Budha, Prem Bahadur, and Pratistha Shrestha. "Annotated checklist of Collembola of Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 5, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v5i1.38287.
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This is the first annotated checklist of Collembola species of Nepal. It includes 167 collembolan species belonging to 78 genera and 17 families including 45 endemic species. Majority of the Nepalese collembolan species were reported from major trekking routes viz. Mount Everest, Annapurna Conservation Area and Langtang area with very few other locations. The highest record of collembola in Nepal is about 5800 m asl. Southern Terai and Siwalik range remain unexplored.
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Aryal, Raja Ram, Crystal Wespestad, Robert Kennedy, John Dilger, Karen Dyson, Eric Bullock, Nishanta Khanal, et al. "Lessons Learned While Implementing a Time-Series Approach to Forest Canopy Disturbance Detection in Nepal." Remote Sensing 13, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 2666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142666.
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While deforestation has traditionally been the focus for forest canopy disturbance detection, forest degradation must not be overlooked. Both deforestation and forest degradation influence carbon loss and greenhouse gas emissions and thus must be included in activity data reporting estimates, such as for the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) program. Here, we report on efforts to develop forest degradation mapping capacity in Nepal based on a pilot project in the country’s Terai region, an ecologically complex physiographic area. To strengthen Nepal’s estimates of deforestation and forest degradation, we applied the Continuous Degradation Detection (CODED) algorithm, which uses a time series of the Normalized Degradation Fraction Index (NDFI) to monitor forest canopy disturbances. CODED can detect low-grade degradation events and provides an easy-to-use graphical user interface in Google Earth Engine (GEE). Using an iterative process, we were able to create a model that provided acceptable accuracy and area estimates of forest degradation and deforestation in Terai that can be applied to the whole country. We found that between 2010 and 2020, the area affected by disturbance was substantially larger than the deforested area, over 105,650 hectares compared to 2753 hectares, respectively. Iterating across multiple parameters using the CODED algorithm in the Terai region has provided a wealth of insights not only for detecting forest degradation and deforestation in Nepal in support of activity data estimation but also for the process of using tools like CODED in applied settings. We found that model performance, measured using producer’s and user’s accuracy, varied dramatically based on the model parameters specified. We determined which parameters most altered the results through an iterative process; those parameters are described here in depth. Once CODED is combined with the description of each parameter and how it affects disturbance monitoring in a complex environment, this degradation-sensitive detection process has the potential to be highly attractive to other developing countries in the REDD+ program seeking to accurately monitor their forests.
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Dipesh Kumar, K. C. "Fake Indian currency racket in Nepal’s Terai." Journal of Money Laundering Control 20, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-06-2016-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to attempt to analyse the trend of trafficking of fake Indian currency notes (FICN), which is organised in nature. It accounts the trend of the smuggling of FICN through the route of Nepal and emerging routes as a consequence of the extension and strength of the criminal gangs. Design/methodology/approach The author utilized the governmental and non-governmental reports besides journalistic reports related to the intention of fake currency trafficking to analyse the ground reality and vested interests of such crime. Findings Though the open border of Nepal with India is exaggerated as the reason behind the cross-border crimes, such as smuggling of FICN, this paper has falsified the biased perception of labelling the borderline as a crime zone. It finds an outcome of the FICN smuggling that turns the Indo–Nepal border areas as a covert battlefield of organised criminal gangs as well as secret agencies of regional powers. Research limitations/implications Due to ethical issues and limitations of research works on the topic, the descriptive analysis that could be carried out was limited. Practical implications The negative findings of the crime are implacable, in keeping in mind before establishing a good policy related to development and security of Nepal, especially the Terai region. Social implications The paper highlights social problems and challenges in the Terai region of Nepal that enforced the people residing in that area towards the fake currency racket. Hence, it urged to solve the social problems to curb the financial crime such as counterfeit notes trafficking in the region. Originality/value This study is the latest research describing and disclosing the fact behind fake currency trafficking and its consequences.
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Singh, Bijay Kumar. "Land Tenure and Conservation in Chure." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 15, no. 1 (September 4, 2017): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v15i1.23092.
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Covering about 13 per cent of the total land area of Nepal, Chure is an environmentally vulnerable, fragile and sensitive zone. Recognizing this, the Government of Nepal has declared it as “Chure Environmental Protection Area” and has formulated a high level board called “President Chure- Terai-Madhesh Conservation Board” to oversee the conservation activities in the region. Based on a review of literature and a decade long engagement of the author in the conservation in Chure, in this paper, I explore the status and issues related to the management of and land tenure in the Chure region. I find that land tenure is one of the most contested and challenging issues of conservation in Chure. With the presence of significant human settlements near to Chure Environmental Protection Area, the boundary is contested, particularly after the unilateral designation by the government; issues also remain around the rights to utilize forest resources. In fact, these factors have resulted in over exploitation of the resources, mainly by the upstream communities. I conclude the paper arguing for a broader, holistic approach that integrates upstream and downstream ecosystems in such a way that strengthens the historical socio-ecological links between the Chure region and the Terai so as to bring positive impacts for both.
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Srivastava, Manjulla, and S. C. Tripathi. "Folk remedies against several human disorders by Eclipta alba (L.) Mant." Environment Conservation Journal 9, no. 1&2 (June 16, 2008): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2008.091211.
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The communication deals with the traditional knowledge of Eclipta alba (L.) Mant. used by tribal people of our study area i.e. Mihinpurwa block of tehsil Nanpara of Bahraich, a terai district of U.P. This area is very rich in ethnic as well as floristic diversity. The inhabitants of the area have inherited a rich traditional knowledge of the use of this herbaceous flora for cure and care of various human ailments. Important ethnomedicinal uses of flora, parts utilized, local name and mode of treatment has been included in this paper.
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Srivastava, Manjulla, and S. C. Tripathi. "Remedial measures of human ailments by Oxalis corniculata (Linn.)." Environment Conservation Journal 9, no. 1&2 (June 16, 2008): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2008.091213.
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The communication deals with the traditional knowledge of khath metthi (Oxalis corniculata) (Linn.) used by tribal people of our study area i.e. Mihinpurwa block of tehsil Nanpara of Bahraich, a terai district of U.P. This tehsil is very rich in ethnic as well as floristic diversity, The inhabitants of the area have inherited a rich traditional knowledge of the use of this herbaceous flora for cure and care of various human ailments.Important ethnomedicinal uses of herbs, parts utilized, local name and mode of treatment has been included in this paper.
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Bajpai, Omesh, Anoop Kumar, Awadhesh Kumar Srivastava, Arun Kumar Kushwaha, Jitendra Pandey, and Lal Babu Chaudhary. "Tree species of the Himalayan Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India: a checklist." Check List 11, no. 4 (August 22, 2015): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1718.
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The study catalogues a sum of 278 tree species belonging to 185 genera and 57 families from the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh. The family Fabaceae has been found to exhibit the highest generic and species diversity with 23 genera and 44 species. The genus Ficus of Moraceae has been observed the largest with 15 species. About 50% species exhibit deciduous nature in the forest. Out of total species occurring in the region, about 63% are native to India. Almost all tree species have some importance in one and another way for the local people. In the study area about 80 species flower in the spring, 74 in the summer, 73 in the winter and 30 in rainy season. As per the existing IUCN Red List, 24 species of the area fall under different categories. Presence of these red listed trees in the study area enhances the importance of their proper management and conservation plan.
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Kumar, Mayank, and A. K. Pandey. "Species diversity of white grubs in terai area of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon region." Indian Journal of Entomology 82, no. 3 (2020): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2020.00126.1.
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Neupane, Asmit, Asmita Regmi, Aastha Tiwari, Byanjana Sharma, Amit Adhikari, and Bijaya Neupane. "Status, Distribution, and Threats of Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus, 1758) in Nepal: A Review." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 2, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v2i3.337.
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Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is a member of the Hyaenidae family distributed globally from Africa to Central Tanzania, the Arabian Peninsula, Turkey, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent including Nepal. Only a few documented studies have been carried out at a national as well as international level regarding their habit, habitat, threats, and conservation measures. Various open access works of literature including articles, reports, and books published from 1941 to 2021 were assessed through Google scholar and Research gate for this study. We searched, refined, and selected 42 pieces of literature for the study purpose. We found that striped hyenas were recorded from five national parks of lowland Terai regions and they were recorded in six districts lying outside the protected area in Central and Western Terai as well as the hilly region of Nepal. Habitat degradation, decreased prey population, retaliatory killing by poisoning, poaching and road kills are found to be the major threats to these endangered scavengers that require immediate conservation initiatives We believe that this manuscript can fulfill the knowledge gap on this species and suggests conservation initiatives, which could be a landmark for conducting further research and conservation of striped hyenas.
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Siwakoti, Mohan, and Jhamak B. Karki. "Conservation status of Ramsar sites of Nepal Tarai: an overview." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 6 (March 15, 2010): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v6i0.2914.
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Nepal houses only inland freshwater wetlands, ranging from floodplains of snow-melt-fed cold Himalayan rivers, warm rivers originating in the mid hills, high altitudinal glacial lakes to hot springs, ponds, ox-bow lakes, marshes and swamps. These wetlands support several endemic and globally threatened species of flora and fauna. Besides, wetland sites have significant recreational, religio-cultural and spiritual values. There are over 240 wetland sites in Nepal, of which 163 are in the Terai (plain lowland). Wetlands found in Tarai are comparatively more inventoried than the wetlands of mountains and the Himalayan regions of the country. The Terai region (below 300 m) covers about 14% of the country's total area, where half of Nepal's total populations exist. About 11% population of the country is wetland dependent; majority of them are living in the Terai region. The country has nine Ramsar sites, of which, four are in the Tarai region. Among them, two sites (Koshi Tappu wetland, and Beeshazar and associated lakes) lie inside the protected areas and two sites (Ghodaghodi Lake area and Jagadishpur Reservoir) are distributed outside the protected areas. The Koshi Tappu wetland lies along the floodplains of the Sapta Koshi River in the eastern Tarai within the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve. It is the first Ramsar site in Nepal. Beeshazar and associated lakes lies in the buffer zone of the Chitwan National Park along the inner Tarai of Central Nepal. The Ghodaghodi Lake Area (2500 ha) lies in the far western Nepal, and comprises about 14 large and small ox-bow lakes/ponds with associated marshes, swamps, river/streams, springs, seasonal marshy grasslands and human made wetlands, out of them, Ghodaghodi Lake (138 ha) is the largest natural lake in the Nepal's Tarai. The lake system falls between the Bardia National Park and the Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve of the country and the surrounding forest functions as an important corridor for the movement of wildlife between these as well as the Tarai and the northern Siwalik hills. Similarly, the Jagadishpur Reservoir (225 ha) which lies in Central Nepal's Tarai is the largest man-made wetland in Nepal for irrigation purpose. It is an important site for migratory and resident birds. In this paper we highlight the status, threats, conservation issues and management practices of these Ramsar sites lying in Nepal Tarai. Key-words: Ghodaghodi Lake; Jagdishpur Reservoir; Nepal Tarai; outside protected area; wetlands.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2914 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 76-84
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Acharya, A. K., A. K. Chaudhary, and S. Khanal. "Identification of land reclamation area and potential plantation area on Bagmati river-basin in the Terai region of Nepal." Banko Janakari 26, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v26i1.15502.
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Utilization of land reclamation area offers the potentiality of increasing greenery as well as providing forest products. This study refers to the identification of the land reclamation areas and potential plantation areas on the Bagmati river-basin in the Terai region of Nepal, and recommends appropriate species for plantation in order to rehabilitate such areas. Multi-temporal Landsat Satellite Images (Landsat 7 and Landsat 8) were acquired for 2002 and 2014. Object-based Image Classification method was used to classify the land cover classes into four broad categories: i) Water, ii) Sand and gravel, iii) Plantation potential (open areas suitable for plantation) and iii) Others (forest, agriculture, built-up areas etc.). The Mean Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) values and Mean Brightness values were found to be helpful in identifying the water and sand & gravel areas from the other land cover classes. The overall classification accuracy was 0.97 with a kappa coefficient of 0.89 in the case of the 2014 Image classification. In this study, the land reclamation area referred to the areas occupied by water, sand & gravel on the river-beds that were converted into plantation potential and other classes between 2002 and 2014. Similarly, the potential plantation area referred to the summation of the area of reclaimed land, the area of ‘Others’ class converted into ‘Plantation potential’ class and the area that remained to be plantation potential on the bed of the Bagmati River and its tributaries between 2002 and 2014. Altogether, 4,819.10 ha land was reclaimed in the study area, and a total of 5,395.10 ha land was found to be potential for plantation within the study area.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page:53-59, 2016
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Parajuli, Monika, Ishan Gautam, Pravin Kumar Mishra, and Prakash Ghimire. "VARIETAL PERFORMANCE OF SPRING RICE SEEDLINGS AGAINST COLD STRESS IN WESTERN TERAI OF NEPAL." Reviews In Food and Agriculture 3, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.02.2022.100.104.
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Rice is an important commodity in Nepalese agriculture occupying 1.46-million-hectare area, where 92% area falls under main (Barkhe) season and 7% under spring (Chaite) season. Among various constraints for spring rice seedling raising, cold stress during early seedling establishment is the major one. To address the problem, an on-station trial entitled “varietal performance of spring rice seedlings against cold stress in Western Terai of Nepal” was conducted from February to March, 2021 at Horticulture research farm of Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi. Research was carried out in Completely Randomized Design with two growing environment (inside and outside polyhouse) as main factor and seven varieties as sub-factor, each replicated three times. Spring rice varieties includes five released varieties (Hardinath-1, Hardinath-3, Hardinath Hybrid-1, Hardinath Hybrid-3, Chaite-5) and two promising varieties (IR-1008 and PR 126). Data related to growth of seedling were collected at one week interval up to 5 weeks. Significant difference was observed within two environmental conditions on days to germination parameters, shoot length, root length, seedling dry weight and leaf area. The values for all the parameters were found maximum in seedlings inside the polyhouse as compared to that of outside polyhouse and in the variety Hardinath – 1. For early transplanting of spring rice, it was found better to choose Hardinath- 1 variety and raise seedlings under polyhouse nursery to escape cold stress.
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Mandal, U. K., N. R. Khanal, P. Nepal, and K. Kumari. "AGROECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND ITS GAPS IN ADAPTION IN TERAI FARMING SYSTEM, NEPAL." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W2-2023 (December 13, 2023): 1445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w2-2023-1445-2023.
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Abstract. The present paper examines agroecological principles identified by FAO and its gaps by local farmers in terai farming system of Nepal. Household questionnaire survey, focus group discussion and KII were major tools of required information collection with regard to gaps of agroecology principles in their farming system. Agro-ecological principles have been examined with current farming practices carried out by local farmers. The gap analysis has been done with respect to ten agroecological principles: Efficient use of resources, balance use of chemical and organic fertilizer, , crop diversity, co-creation of knowledge, recycling of farm waste, synergy of crop, livestock and forestry ,human and social value, circular economy, cultural and food tradition, land and natural resource governance. 87.8 percent of households were used flooding method of surface irrigation against to principle of efficiency and deficit of water leading to wastage of water and constraining self-generating nutrient capacity of nature. 91.60 % of total cropped area was dominated by paddy - wheat based cropping system against to the principle of crop diversity. 72.4 % farmers used farm yard manure in limited temporal and spatial coverage area ranging from 0.03 ha to 1.69 hectare with the average of 0.39 ha and three months of year against the principle of recycling farm wastage to farm. Almost 14 % of households were having agroforestry practices against to the synergies of crop, livestock and forestry. Participation of women and youth in farming practices was found decreased due to remittance-led family economy. Geospatial technology-RS, GIS and GPS were extensively applied in preparation of all these agroecological resource maps required for agroecological studies and creation of their geo-database for sustainable land use planning in Nepal. Finally, the study necessitated the government policy to be instutionalized towards agroecological concept and hoped the methodology developed for this study could guide for achieving this goal.
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Dhakal, Arun, and Rajesh Kumar Rai. "Who Adopts Agroforestry in a Subsistence Economy?—Lessons from the Terai of Nepal." Forests 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050565.
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Agroforestry is recognized as a sustainable land use practice. However, the uptake of such a promising land use practice is slow. Through this research, carried out in a Terai district of Nepal, we thoroughly examine what influences farmers’ choice of agroforestry adoption and what discourages the adoption. For this, a total of 288 households were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Two agroforestry practices were compared with conventional agriculture with the help of the Multinomial Logistic Regression (MNL) model. The likelihood of adoption was found to be influenced by gender: the male-headed households were more likely to adopt the tree-based farming practice. Having a source of off-farm income was positively associated with the adoption decision of farmers. Area of farmland was found as the major constraint to agroforestry adoption for smallholder farmers. Some other variables that affected positively included livestock herd size, provision of extension service, home-to- forest distance, farmers’ group membership and awareness of farmers about environmental benefits of agroforestry. Irrigation was another adoption constraint that the study area farmers were faced with. The households with a means of transport and with a larger family (household) size were found to be reluctant regarding agroforestry adoption. A collective farming practice could be a strategy to engage the smallholder farmers in agroforestry.
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Subedi, Sanjiv, Yuga Nath Ghimire, Meena Kharel, Surya Prasad Adhikari, Jiban Shrestha, and Bibek Kiran Sapkota. "Technical efficiency of rice production in terai district of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32301.
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This paper aimed to estimate the technical efficiency of rice production, also identifying the factors affecting technical efficiency. Jhapa, the Terai district of Nepal, having the highest rice production in the country, was purposely selected for the study. The primary information was collected from 100 rice growing farmers, randomly selected from the sampling frame, using the pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule. Also, two Key Informant Surveys were done. Besides, the secondary information was collected by reviewing the related literatures. Descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier model with Cobb-Douglas production function, and tobit model were used for data analysis. The stochastic production frontier model revealed that with the increase in seed, chemical fertilizer, human labor, and tractor power by 1 percent, the rice yield increases by 0.25 (P<0.05), 0.15 (P<0.01), 0.13 (P<0.05) and 0.21 (P<0.01) percent respectively. The average technical efficiency of the rice growing farmers in the study area was estimated 92%; in addition, majority of the farmers (62%) were operating at an efficiency level of 0.91- 0.95 followed by 32% at 0.86- 0.90. The tobit regression model revealed that farming experience (P<0.01), membership of the organization (P<0.01), and major occupation being agriculture (P<0.05) have statistically significant and positive on technical efficiency; while, schooling years (P<0.05) and number of economically active family members (P<0.05) have statistically significant but negative effect. There is still scope to increase the rice yield through efficient use of available resources with existing technologies.
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Khanal, Pukar, Rupak Karn, Pratibha Budhathoki Chhetri, Samita Karki, and Shrawan Kumar Sah. "Response Of Maize Varieties To Sowing Dates In Inner Terai Region, Dang, Nepal." Malaysian Journal of Halal Research 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjhr-2019-0011.
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AbstractSowing dates and varieties affect the productivity of maize. A field experiment was conducted to find out the response of maize hybrids to sowing dates on growth and productivity of maize in spring season at Lamahi, Dang in 2019. The experiment was laid out in two factor factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The treatment consisted of combination of three different sowing dates (February 1, February12 and February 23) and two maize varieties (Arun-2 i.e. OPV and hybrid Bioseed-9220).The result revealed that earlier planting on February 1 produced the highest yield (8265 Kg ha-1) which was significantly superior than latter planting of February 12(6099 kg ha-1)and February 23 (5934 kg ha-1).The higher yield in earlier planting was due to significantly higher no of kernel per ear, non-significant but higher number of cob per unit area, thousand grain weight. Similarly, Bioseed 9220 produced higher yield (7798 kg ha-1) compared to Arun-2 (5,734 kg ha-1). The higher yield of hybrid Bioseed 9220 was because of higher number of cob per unit area harvested and more number of kernel per cob. Therefore, earlier planting with hybrid maize is recommended in spring season of Dang and locations with similar climatic conditions for higher productivity of maize.
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Bhattarai, Debi Prasad, and Narendra Man Shakya. "Conjunctive Use of Water Resources in Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Terai Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i2.27668.
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The need of conjunctive use of surface and ground water resources in agricultural sector arises due to the continuous increase in population and its growing demand for the production of food and fiber globally. United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 also targets to double the agricultural productivity to feed the growing population and ensure sustainable food production systems by 2030. The conjunctive uses allow the utilization of ground water and surface water simultaneously as per the demand and supply requirement of available water resources. This paper presents an overview of the conjunctive use practices in the different parts of the world in general and specific issues for conjunctive use of irrigation for sustainable agriculture in the Terai region of Nepal. It covers a synopsis of literatures available regarding the conjunctive use of irrigation system in different irrigation command area of Nepal and unveils some research issues that need to be addressed. The review also covers an overview of different computer based models developed for the management of conjunctive water use for irrigated agriculture. Based on the review conclusions are drawn which could be helpful for further research and for the management of conjunctive irrigation system in the Terai region of Nepal.
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Ranjit, JD, RR Bellinder, P. Hobbs, NK Rajbhandari, and P. Kataki. "Mapping Phalaris minor under the Rice-Wheat Cropping System in different Agro-Ecological Regions of Nepal." Nepal Agriculture Research Journal 7 (May 22, 2009): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v7i0.1869.
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A survey was conducted in order to map the spread of Phalaris minor in wheat in nine districtsin the mid-hill, Terai and inner Terai areas of the rice-wheat cropping system in Nepal during1998/99. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 540 farmers and P. minorwas recorded in all of the nine surveyed districts. Percent summed dominance ratio (SDR) andaverage number per unit area (m2) of P. minor was compared to different districts of mid-hills,inner Tarai, and Tarai belts along with other weeds in the wheat crop. P. minor ranked as thefirst and second important weed of wheat that reduced the wheat yield from 10 to 50 percent. Itspopulations varied from district to district. However, the infestation appeared to be in increasingtrend. Future strategies need to consider in increasing growers' abilities to identify P. minor atearly growth stages when it is particularly difficult to differentiate from wheat seedlings. It issuggested that frequent monitoring of weeds in different tillage and weed management practicesshould be initiated. Besides farmers' training in the future there needs to be emphasis placed onincreasing farmer's awareness on the serious negative impact of P. minor on wheat yield andquality.Key words: Agro-ecology; Phalaris minor; survey; weeds; wheatDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1869Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.54-63
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Bista, Govinda Singh. "Urbanization in Far-Western Region of Nepal." NUTA Journal 8, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nutaj.v8i1-2.44043.
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Nepal is one of the developing countries of the world. Nepal's level of urbanization was low in terms of urban population and number of urban centers until 2011, but it has been increasing over the recent years. The rate of urban growth in the country has also been faster lately. The research work is mainly based on secondary data. In this context, this paper is concerned with urbanization in Far-western Region of Nepal. This paper is mainly focused on analysing the growth of urban population and centers, spatial pattern of urbanization, size of urban areas, ranking of urban areas of Far-Western Region utilizing data from the population census 1881 to 2011 and recent data which are published by Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development 2016 of Nepal. The urban population has increased from 71108 in 1981 to 1058305 in 2016 while the number of urban centers has increased from 2 to 25 in the study area. The level of urbanization in this region was 5.38% in 1881 and it became 43.77% in 2016. The urban growth and urbanization of the Far-western Region is at accelerating stage in the present time. It is notable that out of 9 districts of this region, Kailali and Kanchanpur which are located in the Terai region share 77.55% of total urban population. According to the data we can say Far-western Terai (Kailali and Kanchanpur districts) is the hub of Far-western's urbanization. The spatial pattern of urbanization is disproportionate in the study area.
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Aryal, Anjeela, Ashbin Kumar Devkota, Krishna Aryal, and Mohan Mahato. "Effect of different levels of phosphorus on growth and yield of Cowpea varieties in Dang, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33228.
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Variety having proper response to phosphorus for proper nutrient uptake and the optimum level of phosphorus for higher yield may be a way of increasing production and productivity in the context of Nepal. This experiment was carried out in Lamahi Municpality, Dang district of the Province no: 5, inner terai region of Nepal during the rainy season, 2019. The objective of the experiment was to study the effect of different phosphorus level on growth and development of different varieties of cowpea. The experiment was laid out in two factorial RCBD with two varieties (Aakash and Prakash) and five phosphorus level (0 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1 and 80 kg ha-1). The result revealed that variety Aakash showed the significantly higher yield of fresh pod (15.99 t ha-1) and yield attributing parameters like number of leaves at 45 DAS (35.22), leaf area at 45 DAS (70.23 cm²), pod diameter (0.77 cm), total number of fresh pods per plant (44.85) than Prakash variety (yield; 12.25 t ha-1). The parameters like number of branches and pod length were not affected by the variety used. In addition, the different level of P also affects the yield of the fresh pod of different varieties. The P level 40 kg ha-1 reported highest yield of fresh pod (20.18 t ha-1 and showed significantly higher number of leaves (38.9), number of branches (23.48), plant height (88.78cm), leaf area (81.89 cm²), pod length (17.76 cm), pod diameter (0.79 cm) and total number of fresh pods per plant (55.19) whereas control produced the lowest total yield of fresh pod (8.33 t ha-1), control (30.99) and 80 kg P ha-1 (30.86) produced the least number of leaves, control produced the least number of branches (17.31), control (63.77 cm) and 80 kg P ha-1 (67.83) produced the shortest plant, 80 kg P ha-1 produced the minimum leaf area (51.09 cm2), control produced least pod length (14.3 cm), pod diameter (0.74cm), total number of fresh pods (34.29). Similarly, interaction of Aakash and phosphorus dose 40 kg ha-1 produced significantly maximum number of leaves (43.07) and total yield of fresh pods (23.33 t ha-1). The results of the experiment revealed that variety Aakash with the phosphorus level 40 kg ha-1 seems the more profitable in Terai and inner Terai condition of Nepal. However, the results need to be confirmed for other varieties used by farmers in the region.
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Hore, Upamanyu, and V. P. Uniyal. "Diversity and composition of spider assemblages in five vegetation types of the Terai Conservation Area, India." Journal of Arachnology 36, no. 2 (August 2008): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/ct07-53.1.
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Tripathi, Poonam, N. R. Patel, S. P. S. Kushwaha, and V. K. Dadhwal. "Upscaling of leaf area index in Terai forest plantations using fine- and moderate-resolution satellite data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 35, no. 22 (November 17, 2014): 7749–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.976886.
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Khatiwada, Mohan Prasad, N. K. Chaudhary, S. K. Sah, and J. P. Dutta. "Response Of Rapeseed (Brassica Campestris Var Toria) Varieties To Sowing Dates In Middle Terai." Agronomy Journal of Nepal 5, no. 01 (May 6, 2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44834.
Full textAbstract:
A field experiment was conducted during the winter season at Tamsariya-7, Nawalparasi, Nepal to determine the effect of sowing dates on growth and yield of rapeseed varieties. Four varieties of rapeseed (Unnati, Preeti, Pragati and Local) were planted in four sowing dates; October 13th, October 28th, November 12th and November 27th. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with sowing date in the main plot and varieties in the sub-plot. Significant variations due to sowing dates and varieties were observed in plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant, siliqua length, number of seeds per siliqua, abortion percentage, test weight and the grain yield. Results showed that the highest grain yield (1.278 t/ha) was obtained from the October 28th sowing date and it was statistically different from the yield of all other dates of sowing. There were 17.05%, 40% and 62.18% reduction in grain yield for October 13th, November 12th and November 27th sowing dates compared to October 28th sowing date. Variety Preeti was the highest yielding variety for October sowing while variety Unnati was the highest yielding variety for November sowing. So, variety Preeti sown on October 28th is recommended to the farmers of the area and similar locations for obtaining optimum yield but under late sown condition, variety Unnati is preferred to Preeti for obtaining the optimum yield
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Adhikari, Surya P., Krishna P. Timsina, Peter R. Brown, Yuga N. Ghimire, and Jeevan Lamichhane. "Technical efficiency of hybrid maize production in eastern terai of Nepal: A stochastic frontier approach." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 1, no. 1 (December 9, 2018): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v1i1.22234.
Full textAbstract:
Maize is the second most important crop after rice in terms of area and production in Nepal. This article analyzes the technical efficiency and its determinants of hybrid maize production in eastern Nepal. Using a randomly selected data from 98 farmers (41 from Morang and 57 from Sunsari) in eastern Nepal, the study employed a stochastic frontier production model to find the production elasticity coefficients of inputs, determinants of efficiency and technical efficiency of hybrid maize farmers. The results showed that maize production responds positively to increase in amount of urea, DAP and the area planted, where as it is negative to seed quantity. The study indicate that farmers are not technically efficient with a mean technical efficiency 79 %. Socioeconomic variable age had a negative and significant while the household size had a positive and significant related to maize output. The younger farmers were observed more technically efficient than older farmers. Larger the members in the household higher the maize production. It is recommended that farmers should increase their fertilizer dose and farm size while they should decrease their seed rate for efficient production.