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Journal articles on the topic 'Terahertz; spectroscopy; beam splitter'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Homes, Christopher C., G. Lawrence Carr, Ricardo P. S. M. Lobo, Joseph D. LaVeigne, and David B. Tanner. "Silicon beam splitter for far-infrared and terahertz spectroscopy." Applied Optics 46, no. 32 (November 8, 2007): 7884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.46.007884.

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2

Luo, Xiaoqing, Xiaoxiang Dong, Xinlong Xu, Fangrong Hu, and Guangyuan Li. "Narrowband terahertz metasurface circular polarization beam splitter with large spectral tunability based on lattice-induced chirality." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 10 (December 9, 2021): 105109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac3e2b.

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Abstract We propose a terahertz metasurface with chirality induced by surface lattice resonance to create a narrowband circular polarization beam splitter (PBS) with large spectral tunability in both transmission and reflection modes. Results show that strong circular dichroism effects can be observed in two spectrally narrow bands, and thus a dual-band circular PBS can be achieved. We show that surface lattice resonance induces much narrower and stronger circular dichroism effects than localized resonance, resulting in higher polarization extinction ratios, higher quality factors, and more circular polarization states. The narrowband operation frequency of lattice-induced PBS with extinction ratio larger than 10 dB can be tuned over a large spectral range, from 1.6 THz to 2.3 THz, by varying the incidence angle. We expect the proposed strong, narrowband, and spectrally tunable circular PBS will find applications in polarization-dependent systems including imaging, spectroscopy, sensing and telecommunication in the terahertz regime.

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3

Ferraro, Antonio, Dimitrios C. Zografopoulos, Roberto Caputo, and Romeo Beccherelli. "Terahertz polarizing component on cyclo-olefin polymer." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.699.

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Wire-grid polarizers constitute a traditional component for the control of polarization in free-space devices that operate in a broad part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we present an aluminium-based THz wire grid polarizer, fabricated on a sub-wavelength thin flexible and conformal foil of Zeonor polymer having a thickness of 40um. The fabricated device,characterized by means of THz time-domain spectroscopy, exhibitsa high extinction ratio between 30 and 45dB in the 0.3-2.1THz range. The insertion losses oscillate between 0 and 1.1dB andthey stemalmost exclusively from moderate Fabry-Perót reflections and it is engineered forvanishing at 2THz for operation with quantum cascade lasers. Full Text: PDF ReferencesI. F. Akyildiz, J. M. Jornet, C. Han, "Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications", Phys. Commun. 12, 16 (2014). CrossRef M.C. Kemp, P.F. Taday, B.E. Cole, J.A. Cluff, A.J. Fitzgerald, W.R. Tribe, "Security applications of terahertz technology", Proc. SPIE 5070, 44 (2003). CrossRef M. Schirmer, M. Fujio, M. Minami, J. Miura, T. Araki, T. Yasui, "Biomedical applications of a real-time terahertz color scanner", Biomed. Opt. Express 1, 354 (2010). CrossRef R.P. Cogdill, R.N. Forcht, Y. Shen, P.F. Taday, J.R. Creekmore, C.A. Anderson, J.K. Drennen, "Comparison of Terahertz Pulse Imaging and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid, Non-Destructive Analysis of Tablet Coating Thickness and Uniformity", J. Pharm. Innov. 2, 29 (2007). CrossRef Y.-C. Shen, "Terahertz pulsed spectroscopy and imaging for pharmaceutical applications: A review", Int. J. Pharm. 417, 48(2011). CrossRef A.G. Davies, A.D. Burnett, W. Fan, E.H. Linfield, J.E. Cunningham, "Terahertz spectroscopy of explosives and drugs", Mater. Today 11, 18 (2008). CrossRef J.F. Federici, B. Schulkin, F. Huang, D. Gary, R. Barat, F. Oliveira, D. Zimdars, "THz imaging and sensing for security applications?explosives, weapons and drugs", Semicond. Sci. Technol. 20, S266 (2005). CrossRef D. Saeedkia, Handbook of Terahertz Technology for Imaging, Sensing and Communications (Elsevier, 2013).N. Born, M. Reuter, M. Koch, M. Scheller, "High-Q terahertz bandpass filters based on coherently interfering metasurface reflections", Opt. Lett. 38, 908 (2013). CrossRef A. Ferraro, D.C. Zografopoulos, R. Caputo, R. Beccherelli, "Periodical Elements as Low-Cost Building Blocks for Tunable Terahertz Filters", IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28, 2459 (2016). CrossRef A. Ferraro, D.C. Zografopoulos, R. Caputo, R. Beccherelli, "Broad- and Narrow-Line Terahertz Filtering in Frequency-Selective Surfaces Patterned on Thin Low-Loss Polymer Substrates", IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23 (2017). CrossRef B. S.-Y. Ung, B. Weng, R. Shepherd, D. Abbott, C. Fumeaux, "Inkjet printed conductive polymer-based beam-splitters for terahertz applications", Opt. Mater. Express 3, 1242 (2013). CrossRef J.-S. Li, D. Xu, J. Yao, "Compact terahertz wave polarizing beam splitter", Appl. Opt. 49, 4494 (2010). CrossRef K. Altmann, M. Reuter, K. Garbat, M. Koch, R. Dabrowski, I. Dierking, "Polymer stabilized liquid crystal phase shifter for terahertz waves", Opt. Express 21, 12395 (2013). CrossRef D.C. Zografopoulos, R. Beccherelli, "Tunable terahertz fishnet metamaterials based on thin nematic liquid crystal layers for fast switching", Sci. Rep. 5, 13137 (2015). CrossRef G. Isić, B. Vasić, D. C. Zografopoulos, R. Beccherelli, R. Gajić, "Electrically Tunable Critically Coupled Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber Based on Nematic Liquid Crystals", Phys. Rev. Appl. 3, 064007 (2015). CrossRef K. Iwaszczuk, A.C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, X. Zhang, R.D. Averitt, P.U. Jepsen, "Flexible metamaterial absorbers for stealth applications at terahertz frequencies", Opt. Express 20, 635 (2012). CrossRef F. Yan, C. Yu, H. Park, E.P.J. Parrott, E. Pickwell-MacPherson, "Advances in Polarizer Technology for Terahertz Frequency Applications", J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 34, 489 (2013). CrossRef http://www.tydexoptics.com DirectLink K. Imakita, T. Kamada, M. Fujii, K. Aoki, M. Mizuhata, S. Hayashi, "Terahertz wire grid polarizer fabricated by imprinting porous silicon", Opt. Lett. 38, 5067 (2013). CrossRef A. Isozaki, et al., "Double-layer wire grid polarizer for improving extinction ratio", Solid-State Sens. Actuators Microsyst. Transducers Eurosensors XXVII 2013 Transducers Eurosensors XXVII 17th Int. Conf. On, IEEE, pp. 530?533 (2013). DirectLink A. Ferraro, D. C. Zografopoulos, M. Missori, M. Peccianti, R. Caputo, R. Beccherelli, "Flexible terahertz wire grid polarizer with high extinction ratio and low loss", Opt. Lett. 41, 2009(2016). CrossRef M.S. Vitiello, G. Scalari, B. Williams, P.D. Natale, "Quantum cascade lasers: 20 years of challenges", Opt. Express 23, 5167(2015). CrossRef A. Podzorov, G. Gallot, "Low-loss polymers for terahertz applications", Appl. Opt. 47, 3254(2008). CrossRef

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4

Teng, Yan, Chun Li, Shaochen Li, Yuan Ren, and Ling Jiang. "Broadband terahertz multi-beam splitters with uniform power distribution based on coding metasurfaces." Optical Materials 126 (April 2022): 112228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112228.

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5

Yan Zhang, 张岩, 李春 Chun Li, 卞博锐 Borui Bian, 张文 Wen Zhang, and 蒋玲 Ling Jiang. "Design of new terahertz beam splitter." Infrared and Laser Engineering 49, no. 5 (2020): 20190290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla.29_2019-0290.

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6

Li, Jiu-Sheng, De-gang Xu, and Jian-quan Yao. "Compact terahertz wave polarizing beam splitter." Applied Optics 49, no. 24 (August 11, 2010): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.004494.

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7

Lee, Wendy S. L., Shruti Nirantar, Daniel Headland, Madhu Bhaskaran, Sharath Sriram, Christophe Fumeaux, and Withawat Withayachumnankul. "Broadband Terahertz Circular-Polarization Beam Splitter." Advanced Optical Materials 6, no. 3 (December 22, 2017): 1700852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201700852.

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8

Yin, Shan, Dehui Zeng, Yuting Chen, Wei Huang, Cheng Zhang, Wentao Zhang, and Yiwen E. "Optically Controlled Terahertz Dynamic Beam Splitter with Adjustable Split Ratio." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071169.

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The beam splitter is an important functional device due to its ability to steer the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The split-ratio-variable splitter is of significance for optical, terahertz and microwave systems. Here, we are the first (to our knowledge) to propose an optically controlled dynamic beam splitter with adjustable split ratio in the terahertz region. Based on the metasurface containing two sets of reversed phase-gradient supercells, we split the terahertz wave into two symmetrical beams. Associated with the reconfigurable pump laser pattern programmed with the spatial light modulator, dynamic modulation of the split ratio varying from 1:1 to 15:1 is achieved. Meanwhile, the beam splitter works at a split angle of 36° for each beam. Additionally, we obtain an exponential relationship between the split ratio and the illumination proportion, which can be used as theoretical guidance for beam splitting with an arbitrary split ratio. Our novel beam splitter shows an outstanding level of performance in terms of the adjustable split ratio and stable split angles and can be used as an advanced method to develop active functional devices applied to terahertz systems and communications.

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9

Li, Jiu-sheng. "Metasurface-assisted reflection-type terahertz beam splitter." Laser Physics 31, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 026203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/abd55d.

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10

Huang, Wei, Mai Liu, Weifang Yang, Yu Cheng, Shan Yin, and Wentao Zhang. "Broadband terahertz surface plasmon-polaritons beam splitter." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 134, no. 5 (June 1, 2021): 54001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/134/54001.

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11

Niu, Tiaoming, Withawat Withayachumnankul, Aditi Upadhyay, Philipp Gutruf, Derek Abbott, Madhu Bhaskaran, Sharath Sriram, and Christophe Fumeaux. "Terahertz reflectarray as a polarizing beam splitter." Optics Express 22, no. 13 (June 23, 2014): 16148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.016148.

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12

Wang, Wenliang, and Xiaohong Rong. "Design of terahertz wave polarizing beam splitter." Optik 124, no. 23 (December 2013): 6089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.04.105.

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13

Lee, Wendy S. L., Shruti Nirantar, Daniel Headland, Madhu Bhaskaran, Sharath Sriram, Christophe Fumeaux, and Withawat Withayachumnankul. "Metasurface Beam Splitter: Broadband Terahertz Circular-Polarization Beam Splitter (Advanced Optical Materials 3/2018)." Advanced Optical Materials 6, no. 3 (February 2018): 1870010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201870010.

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14

Pan, Wu, Xueyin Wang, Qi Chen, Xinyu Ren, and Yong Ma. "TERAHERTZ BEAM SPLITTER BASED ON I-SHAPED METASURFACE." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 90 (2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm19102804.

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15

Ung, Benjamin S. Y., Christophe Fumeaux, Hungyen Lin, Bernd M. Fischer, Brian W. H. Ng, and Derek Abbott. "Low-cost ultra-thin broadband terahertz beam-splitter." Optics Express 20, no. 5 (February 13, 2012): 4968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.004968.

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16

Mengen Zhang, Mengen Zhang, Xiangjun Li Xiangjun Li, Shixiong Liang Shixiong Liang, Pingan Liu Pingan Liu, Jianjun Liu Jianjun Liu, and Zhi Hong Zhi Hong. "Terahertz Brewster polarizing beam splitter on a polymer substrate." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 12 (2013): 122301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.122301.

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17

Mo, Guo-qiang, and Jiu-sheng Li. "Compact terahertz wave polarization beam splitter using photonic crystal." Applied Optics 55, no. 25 (August 30, 2016): 7093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.007093.

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18

Berry, Christopher W., and Mona Jarrahi. "Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter on a Polymer Substrate." Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 33, no. 2 (December 4, 2011): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-011-9858-6.

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19

Li, Jiu-Sheng, and Chen Zhou. "Transmission-type terahertz beam splitter through all-dielectric metasurface." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 54, no. 8 (December 10, 2020): 085105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/abcac8.

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20

Lin, Zefan, Bo Wang, and Chen Fu. "Stack-based grating for wideband polarization splitter in terahertz." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac4549.

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Abstract A novel wideband terahertz polarization beam splitter with special diffraction orders working at terahertz band is described in this paper. The polarizer can achieve high diffraction efficiency and uniformity in the 2.50–2.56 THz band. Based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and simulated annealing algorithm, we proposed an efficient algorithm to optimize the polarizer. After calculations, 98.45% single-port high-efficiency reflection for transverse electric (TE) polarization and 42.33%/42.57% highly uniform dual-port beam splitting for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization were finally obtained. In addition, through RCWA and simplified modal method, the electromagnetic field distributions of TE and TM polarizations are shown visually and described quantitatively. Moreover, the results displayed in section 3 prove that the grating possesses the characteristics of relatively large bandwidth and insensitivity to the incident angle. Therefore, the novel scheme in this paper has great reference value for the research of terahertz modulation devices and the integration of terahertz communication systems.

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21

Jiao, Xiao-Fei, Zi-Heng Zhang, Yun Xu, and Guo-Feng Song. "Resonant cavity enhanced waveguide transmission for high-efficiency Terahertz polarization beam splitter." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 05 (January 18, 2021): 2150089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921500895.

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In this study, a design for the high-efficiency transmissive terahertz polarization beam splitter is proposed. Based on the metal–insulator–metal waveguide array structure, it is found that the phase change between the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes of terahertz wave transmission depends greatly on the medium width. According to this phenomenon, our designed devices can achieve polarization splitting of TE and TM modes in the frequency range 0.8–2.4 THz, and the transmittance can be maintained above 85%. In addition, through judicious design, polarization splittings with 93% transmittance at 1 THz and 95% transmittance at 1.5 THz are obtained, and polarization splitting at different angles is achieved according to variable periods. Compared with the traditional polarization beam splitter, this design has the advantages of adjustable frequency, high efficiency, and easy integration, thus having potential application in terahertz optical systems.

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22

Liu Songlin, 刘松林, 薄报学 Bo Baoxue, 邹仪宣 Zou Yixuan, and 夏良平 Xia Liangping. "Ultrawide-Band Terahertz Beam-Splitter Based on Ultrathin Metallic Films." Acta Optica Sinica 37, no. 11 (2017): 1131002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201737.1131002.

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23

Zeng, Hongxin, Yaxin Zhang, Feng Lan, Shixiong Liang, Lan Wang, Tianyang Song, Ting Zhang, et al. "Terahertz Dual-Polarization Beam Splitter Via an Anisotropic Matrix Metasurface." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (September 2019): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2019.2927890.

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24

Li, Jiu-Sheng, and Han Liu. "Terahertz polarization beam splitter based on two photonic crystal cavities." Optik 126, no. 1 (January 2015): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.08.130.

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25

Zhu, Wenqi, Jinhui Lu, Min Zhang, Hong Su, Ling Li, Qi Qin, and Huawei Liang. "Metasurfaces Excited by an Evanescent Wave for Terahertz Beam Splitters with a Tunable Splitting Ratio." Photonics 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020118.

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In terahertz (THz) photonics, a beam splitter is an important component. Although various THz beam-splitting devices using several principles have been proposed, the splitting ratio of existing designs is not adjustable. Here, a THz beam splitter with an adjustable splitting ratio is demonstrated using a metasurface integrated onto a prism. The metasurface excited by an evanescent wave can convert part of a linearly polarized incident wave into a cross-polarized wave and manipulate its phase simultaneously. As a result, the cross-polarized wave can pass through the interface, even if the incident angle is larger than the total internal reflection angle, while the co-polarized wave is reflected by the prism. The splitting ratio of the device can be adjusted from 4.56:1 to 0.63:1 by tuning the resonant response of the metasurface and varying the interval distance between the metasurface and the prism. The metasurface samples are fabricated using low-cost standard printed circuit technology, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulations. Therefore, the proposed beam splitter with a tunable splitting ratio is promising as a key component in the THz system.

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26

Li, Runze, Jierong Cheng, Xipu Dong, and Shengjiang Chang. "Neural network aided diffractive metagratings for efficient beam splitting at terahertz frequencies." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 15 (January 21, 2022): 155106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac472a.

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Abstract The merging of neural networks with metasurfaces is a rising subject in photonics design, which offers an abstract bridge between the geometry of the subwavelength element and the optical response. The commonly involved optical response is the transmission or reflection spectrum, while here we focus on metasurfaces with superwavelength elements and predict multiple diffraction spectra in all the possible orders and orthogonal polarization modes given the geometry. This is achieved by parallel arrangement of several fully connected neural networks with shared input and diverse output diffraction spectra. As an application example, the model is used to find a metagrating as a 1:1 beam splitter in TE mode and 1:1:1 beam splitter in TM mode. The design is taken into fabrication and experimentally tested at 0.14 THz with results that are highly consistent with the prediction.

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27

Liu, Xiang, and Dong-Xiao Yang. "Design of terahertz beam splitter based on surface plasmon resonance transition." Chinese Physics B 25, no. 4 (April 2016): 047301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/25/4/047301.

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28

Lv, Boyang, Chunmei Ouyang, Huifang Zhang, Quan Xu, Yanfeng Li, Xueqian Zhang, Zhen Tian, et al. "All-Dielectric Metasurface-Based Quad-Beam Splitter in the Terahertz Regime." IEEE Photonics Journal 12, no. 5 (October 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2020.3029057.

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29

Li, Jiu-sheng, Han Liu, and Le Zhang. "Terahertz wave polarization beam splitter using a cascaded multimode interference structure." Applied Optics 53, no. 22 (July 28, 2014): 5024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.005024.

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30

Liu, Han, and Jiu-sheng Li. "Terahertz polarization beam splitter based on photonic crystal and multimode interference." Optoelectronics Letters 10, no. 5 (August 30, 2014): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-014-4119-2.

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31

Wu, Zhenhai, Bing Tang, Qiang Zhang, and Yi Qiu. "Compact terahertz wave polarization beam splitter based on self-collimating photonic crystals." Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 124, no. 17 (September 2013): 2844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.08.056.

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32

Pan, Wu, Xue-yin Wang, Qi Chen, Xin-yu Ren, and Yong Ma. "Design of multi-channel terahertz beam splitter based on Z-shaped metasurface." Optoelectronics Letters 16, no. 6 (October 24, 2020): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-020-9197-8.

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33

Spencer, Locke D., David A. Naylor, Peter A. R. Ade, and Jin Zhang. "Beam-splitter effects in dual-input Fourier transform spectroscopy." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 28, no. 9 (August 2, 2011): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.28.001805.

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34

Zhang Yelan, 张晔岚, 张. 昆. Zhang Kun, 孔伟金 Kong Weijin, 李采彧 Li Caiyu, 夏. 峰. Xia Feng, and 云茂金 Yun Maojin. "Broadband terahertz polarization beam splitter based on subwavelength grating sandwiched between silica layers." Infrared and Laser Engineering 48, no. 5 (2019): 520003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201948.0520003.

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35

Carli, Bruno, Luca Palchetti, and Piera Raspollini. "Effect of beam-splitter emission in Fourier-transform emission spectroscopy." Applied Optics 38, no. 36 (December 20, 1999): 7475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.007475.

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36

Hui, Zhan-Qiang, Li-Ming Gao, Rui-Hua Liu, Dong-Dong Han, and Wei Wang. "Dual-core negative curvature fiber-based terahertz polarization beam splitter with ultra-low loss and wide bandwidth." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 4 (2022): 048702. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211650.

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A novel terahertz polarization beam splitter (PBS) with low loss and large bandwidth based on double core negative curvature fiber is designed. The device takes copolymers of cycloolefin as the substrate, and 12 circular tubes with embedded tubes are evenly distributed along the circumference. The fiber core is divided into two cores through two groups of circumscribed small clad tubes symmetrical up and down. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to analyze its guide mode properties. The effects of various structural parameters on its beam splitting characteristics are investigated in detail, and the extinction ratio (ER), bandwidth and transmission loss of the PBS are analyzed. The simulation results show that when the incident light frequency is 1THz and the beam splitter length is 6.224 cm, the ER of <i>x</i>-polarized light reaches 120.8 dB, the bandwidth with ER above 20 dB is 0.024 THz, the ER of <i>y</i>-polarized light reaches 63.74 dB, the bandwidth with ER above 20 dB is 0.02THz, and the total transmission loss is as low as 0.037 dB/cm. Tolerance analysis shows that the PBS can still maintain good performance under the ±1% deviation of structural parameters.

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37

Wang Jingli, 汪静丽, 刘洋 Liu Yang, and 陈鹤鸣 Chen Heming. "Design on Terahertz Polarization Beam Splitter Based on Self-Collimating Effect of Photonic Crystal." Acta Optica Sinica 38, no. 4 (2018): 0423001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201838.0423001.

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38

Saleki, Ziba, Yurui Fang, and Samad Roshan Entezar. "Broadband Terahertz Polarizing Beam Splitter Based on a Graphene-Based Defective One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal." IEEE Photonics Journal 11, no. 5 (October 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2019.2935084.

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39

Podzorov, Alexander, Antoine Wojdyla, and Guilhem Gallot. "Beam waist measurement for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy experiments." Optics Letters 35, no. 7 (March 17, 2010): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.35.000901.

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40

Brasunas, John C., G. Mark Cushman, and Brook Lakew. "Artificial diamond as a broadband infrared beam splitter for Fourier transform spectroscopy." Applied Optics 37, no. 19 (July 1, 1998): 4226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.37.004226.

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41

Brasunas, John C., G. Mark Cushman, and B. Lakew. "Crystalline quartz as a far-infrared beam splitter for Fourier transform spectroscopy." Applied Optics 36, no. 13 (May 1, 1997): 2893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.002893.

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42

Partini, Juliasih, Kamsul Abraha, Arief Hermanto, Satoshi Tomita, and Matsui Takahiro. "Terahertz Signal Measurement on a Chiral Metamaterial Using Terahertz Emission Spectroscopy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 771 (July 2015): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.771.125.

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Terahertz Signal generated from chiral metamaterial due to the second order non-linear process has been observed. Chiral metamaterial used in this research have a periodic square pattern with different depth on a silver film and was fabricated by Focused Ion Beam System. Terahertz emission spectroscopy has been conducted using two amplified 100 fs laser pulses with a central wavelength of 800 nm. The emission will emerge due to an optical rectification process as a result of an intense femtosecond laser pulses radiation on a chiral metamaterial sample. The measurement result clearly shows that the terahertz signal is emitted at 2 THz frequency and sufficiently fit with a square of laser power, which is consistent with an expected optical rectification process.

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Oh, Seung Jae, Yoochan Hong, Ki-Young Jeong, Inhee Maeng, Jin-Suck Suh, Jaemoon Yang, and Yong-Min Huh. "Characterization of Proton-Irradiated Polyaniline Nanoparticles Using Terahertz Thermal Spectroscopy." Crystals 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070765.

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In this study, we investigated the changes in the molecular structure of polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles illuminated by a proton beam using terahertz (THz) thermal spectroscopy based on the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technique. PANI nanoparticles in water were exposed to a proton beam of 35 MeV energy with a particle fluence of 1013 particles/cm2. The photothermal properties of this solution of PANI nanoparticles were characterized using THz thermal spectroscopy. We measured the changes in the amplitudes of the reflected THz pulses to identify the variations in temperature induced by the photothermal effects of the PANI nanoparticle solution. The amplitude of a reflected THz pulse of the PANI solution not exposed to the proton beam increased when illuminated by an infrared light source, whereas that of THz signals of the PANI solution exposed to the proton beam hardly exhibited any changes. This implies that the molecular structure of PANI nanoparticles can be varied by a proton beam with a particle fluence above 1013 particles/cm2.

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Zhu, Jianfeng, Yang Yang, David McGloin, Shaowei Liao, and Quan Xue. "Sub-Terahertz 3-D Printed All-Dielectric Low-Cost Low-Profile Lens-Integrated Polarization Beam Splitter." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (July 2021): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2021.3064209.

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Han, Dae-Hyun, and Lae-Hyong Kang. "Terahertz Displacement and Thickness Sensor with Micrometer Resolution and Centimeter Dynamic Range." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 5249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235249.

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Measuring distance and thickness simultaneously is important in biological, medical, electronic, and various industries. Herein, we propose a method for simultaneously measuring the displacement and thickness of transparent materials using a pulsed terahertz wave. For this technique, a beam splitter was used to design the optical path such that the terahertz wave would incident the specimen vertically to achieve centimeter measurement range and micrometer resolution. The measured terahertz waveform carries peak time information reflected from the upper and lower surfaces of the sample, and the thickness can be calculated using the time difference between the first and second reflected peaks. The displacement can also be calculated using peak time difference when the sample moves from the initial position to the changed position. For validation, an experimental test was performed using aluminum, acrylic, and glass plates. The results confirmed a measurement range of 1 cm with an error of less than 23 μm, and the thickness error was less than 8 μm.

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Shabestari, N. Partovi, A. Asgari, N. Alimoradian, B. Jaleh, E. Ahmadalidokht, and H. Araghi. "Design and fabrication of polarizing beam-splitter gratings for 441.6 nm." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 80, no. 4 (September 2013): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10812-013-9804-6.

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Zhu, Yu, Ping-Wei Zhou, Seng-Cheng Zhong, Qi-Xian Peng, and Li-Guo Zhu. "A multi-spot laser induced breakdown spectroscopy system based on diffraction beam splitter." Review of Scientific Instruments 90, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 123105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5120604.

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Liu, Xuan, Kevin Kolpatzeck, Lars Häring, Jan C. Balzer, and Andreas Czylwik. "Wideband Beam Steering Concept for Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy: Theoretical Considerations." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 5568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195568.

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Photonic true time delay beam steering on the transmitter side of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) systems requires many wideband variable optical delay elements and an array of coherently driven emitters operating over a huge bandwidth. We propose driving the THz TDS system with a monolithic mode-locked laser diode (MLLD). This allows us to use integrated optical ring resonators (ORRs) whose periodic group delay spectra are aligned with the spectrum of the MLLD as variable optical delay elements. We show by simulation that a tuning range equal to one round-trip time of the MLLD is sufficient for beam steering to any elevation angle and that the loss introduced by the ORR is less than 0.1 dB. We find that the free spectral ranges (FSRs) of the ORR and the MLLD need to be matched to 0.01% so that the pulse is not significantly broadened by third-order dispersion. Furthermore, the MLLD needs to be frequency-stabilized to about 100 MHz to prevent significant phase errors in the terahertz signal. We compare different element distributions for the array and show that a distribution according to a Golomb ruler offers both reasonable directivity and no grating lobes from 50 GHz to 1 THz.

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Dakovski, Georgi L., Brian Kubera, Song Lan, and Jie Shan. "Finite pump-beam-size effects in optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.23.000139.

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Brasunas, John C. "Artificial diamond as a broadband infrared beam splitter for Fourier transform spectroscopy: improved results." Applied Optics 38, no. 4 (February 1, 1999): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.000692.

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