Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'TEP/TDM au 18F-FDG'
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Karidioula, Ismaël. "Quantification automatique de la fixation du FDG dans les tumeurs pulmonaires en imagerie TEP-TDM." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM20.
Full textMesguich, Charles. "Apport de l’imagerie fonctionnelle par TEP dans la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique du myélome multiple et comparaison à l’IRM de diffusion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0229.
Full textTherapeutic changes over the past decade have contributed to an improvement in the survival of Multiple Myeloma (MM). Newer whole-body imaging techniques, such as 18-FDG PET-CT (PET-FDG) and MRI, have replaced radiological surveys for diagnostic purposes but also therapeutic evaluation. However, each of these modalities has its limits. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), analysis of tumor heterogeneity with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) as well as the development of new PET radiotracers are three important ways that may contribute to improve MM patient’s management. The general objective of this work was to assess the contribution of these new approaches during the initial diagnosis of MM as well as during therapeutic evaluation.The first part of this work was to prospectively compare the detection of focal bone lesions by FDG-PET and DW-MRI in a population of newly diagnosed MM. The second part of this work was to assess the contribution of radiomics coupled to AI for the diagnosis of diffuse bone marrow disease in FDG-PET. The third part of this work was devoted to the prospective comparison of the prognostic values of FDG-PET and DW-MRI during the therapeutic evaluation of MM eligible to autologous stem cell transplantation. The last part describes the protocol that aims at comparing the performance of 18F-Fluorocholine PET-CT and FDG-PET in the initial work-up of MM
Hotton, Judicaël. "Impact de la TEP/TDM au 18F-FDG et de la radiomique dans la prise en charge des cancers du col localement avancés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMM202.
Full textCervical cancer, though rare, is a serious disease often affecting young women, with approximately 3,000 new cases per year in France. Survival depends on the disease stage at diagnosis: advanced stages require concomitant chemoradiotherapy, and para-aortic lymph node involvement is a critical prognostic factor. Traditionally, surgical staging was used to assess this involvement, but 18F-FDG PET/CT is now preferred, although it has limitations in detecting small metastases.Our work explores the potential of radiomics, which analyzes quantitative features extracted from imaging to predict clinical outcomes, in this context. In the first chapter, we developed a simple “PET model” to predict para-aortic lymph node involvement based on the number of iliac lymph nodes and the time-of-flight technology of modern PET machines. The second chapter focuses on a systematic review of radiomics applications in cervical cancer, evaluating the methodological quality of studies using the Radiomics Quality Score. Finally, the third chapter presents a predictive model combining radiomic and clinical features to predict occult para-aortic lymph node involvement.This research highlights the need for robust predictive models to improve the management of cervical cancer, with the potential to personalize treatments through non-invasive biomarkers
Tylski, Perrine. "Caractérisation des tumeurs et de leur évolution en TEP/TDM au ₁₈F-FDG." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112235.
Full text18F-FDG plays a major role in oncology. Accurate estimation of the tumor metabolic activity and metabolically-active volume from the images would considerably enhance the usefulness of the PET data. However, there is still no consensus on the most accurate methods for estimating these parameters. An original method estimating simultaneously the tumor volume and metabolic activity (measured by the SUV) has been developed. The method fits a model to the data. We compared its performances to 4 volume estimation methods and to 9 SUV estimation methods using phantom and simulated data. Using several optimization and validation procedures, we showed that two methods (including the proposed method) yielded more accurate and less variable estimates of volume and activity than the others. The results concerning the activity estimates were confirmed using patient data. Two tests assessing the significance of SUV change between two scans were also proposed. The first test uses several SUV indices from a standard PET scan. The second test takes advantage of 8 estimates of a single SUV index calculated from 8 images obtained using a respiratory-gated acquisition. Using simulated data, both tests properly detected real SUV changes. The second test was more efficient than the first but unlike the second test, the first test could be readily applied to any PET scan. These tests will now be assessed clinically to determine whether they can indeed facilitate PET-based therapy monitoring
Dierickx, Lawrence O. "Quantitative data analysis and functional testicular evaluation using PET-CT and FDG." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30400.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to evaluate the use of PET/CT with 18F-FDG for an assessment of the testicular function and to optimise and standardise the acquisition protocol and the testicular volume analysis in order to do that. In chapter I we provide a literature overview where we establish that the 18F-FDG uptake is correlated with the spermatogenesis because of the presence of GLUT 3 transporters on the Sertoli cells and the spermatides and not on the Leydig cells which are responsible for the steroidogenesis. We then provide an overview of the public health problem of male infertility where we point out different possible clinical applications for testicular functional imaging. In chapter II we examine the significant correlation between 18F-FDG uptake in terms of intensity and volume of uptake and the testicular function via the parameters of the sperm analysis. In chapter III, we focus on the standardisation of the acquisition protocol for this specific indication, after a brief technical overview of the PET/CT and of its limitations. Because the first study was done via a manually delineated testicular volume, we re-analysed the correlation with a solid and reproducible adaptive volume segmentation method in a second article. We further focussed on optimising the acquisition protocol by evaluating the impact of the intense urinary activity on the testicular uptake. First we examined this impact with phantom studies where we simulated the bladder and the testes. We proceeded with a clinical study where we aimed to evaluate and compare 2 diuretic protocols. In chapter IV we address the overall important subject, and even more so in this andrological context, of the radioprotection related issues of a PET/CT with 18F-FDG. Finally, in chapter V we provide an overview of some of the issues still to be addressed and the future perspectives for this new direction in the field of nuclear medicine that we could name 'nuclear andrology'
Nioche, Christophe. "Caractérisation des tumeurs gliales en TEP/TDM à la 18F-Dopa et en IRM de perfusion." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112100.
Full textMRI provides morphological information about tumour, but also provides information regarding the micro-vascularization of the tumour. In PET/CT, the accumulation of 18F-FDopa in tumour cells results from the metabolic activity greater than that of healthy tissues. We studied 28 gliomas for which we analysed data from MRI and PET/CT. A registration method has been developed to combine information from both PET and MRI and to extract volumes of interest consistent with the information included in the two modalities. In these volumes, the tumour compartment and normal tissue compartment were identified using a Gaussian mixture model. Parameters from PET or MRI data were then calculated in these compartments. ROC analyses combined with linear discriminant analyses were used to assess whether joint observation of standardized uptake value (SUVmax ) and relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV) or of relative rk1 and rCBV could distinguish between low grade and high grade tumours. We found that using this joint analysis, 82.4% of high-grade tumors and 70.0% of low-grade tumors were correctly classified (AUC of 0.88 for [SUVmax , rCBV] and of 0.92 for [rk1 , rCBV]). Considering the [SUVmax , rCBV] combined information, the sensitivity for detecting high-grade tumors was 95% with a specificity of 60%. The negative predictive value was 52% for a positive predictive value of 95%. Similarly, considering the [rk1 , rCBV] combined information, we also a specificity of 60% associated with a 95% sensitivity for detecting high-grade tumors, with a negative predictive value of 60% and positive predictive value of 95%. Our work shows that joint analysis of microvascular and metabolic information is possible by combining PET and MR imaging data. However, we found that, in our patient population, the microvascular information given by MR did not bring information more discriminating than the metabolic information derived from PET only
Maisonobe, Jacques-Antoine. "Caractérisation des tumeurs et de leur évolution en TEP/TDM au ¹⁸F-FDG pour le suivi thérapeutique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844243.
Full textGauthé, Mathieu. "Optimisation médico-économique des stratégies d'utilisation des examens TEP/TDM en imagerie oncologique." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7040.
Full textPositron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (PET/CT) devices are essential pathways in oncology. Many studies have reported the performances of the various radiopharmaceutical drugs (RPD) used for PET/CT imaging in many cancers. The rise of PET/CT remains slowed down in France for economic reasons. However, the difference between the cost of a PET/CT examination, compared to that of another modern imaging routinely used in the same indication, is not so obvious once considered the impact on decision making and the costs avoided by the revision of erroneous or incomplete diagnoses. Nonetheless, if all PET/CT examinations are currently reimbursed in the same way regardless of the RPD used, thus making their cost identical from the health insurance perspective, their production costs for the hospital vary and should be considered according to the frequency of the indication of the examination.We compared several imaging strategies for prostate cancer imaging by analyzing the data acquired during the French prospective multicenter FLUPROSTIC study, which included two RPD for PET imaging: 18F-flurocholine (FCH) and 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF), FCH being twice more costly for the hospital than NaF.The analysis of the impact of each imaging strategy on decision making, based on dedicated questionnaires completed by the referring clinicians, demonstrated that FCH PET/CT was the imaging modality that had the highest impact, especially for patients presenting with first biochemical recurrence.The cost-utility analysis, carried out from the health insurance perspective for patients with first biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer over a "lifetime" time horizon, was based on a model5combining a decision tree integrating the diagnostic performances of imaging and a Markov model simulating the natural history of prostate cancer. This analysis demonstrated that FCH PET/CT, the most accurate imaging modality from a diagnostic point of view, had a 100% probability of being the most cost-effective strategy for willingness to pay thresholds of 3,000€ or 9,000€ per quality-adjusted life year gained if the imaging reading was made by local specialists or experts respectively. From the hospital perspective, the 20% drop in the cost of FCH between 2018 and 2019 had made profitable the production of FCH PET/CT examinations for prostate cancer imaging.PET/CT increases diagnostic accuracy and has an impact on decision making in many cancers. It helps to reduce unnecessary treatments and their potential side effects, to improve the quality of life of patients and to reduce the treatment costs for the health care system. The medico-economic evaluation of RPDs used for PET/CT imaging in oncology, in addition to that of their diagnostic performances, seems essential in order to optimize their use. In France, this evaluation should be made from both perspectives of the health insurance and the hospital. Indeed, the PET/CT production costs can largely vary for the hospital according to the RPD costs and constitute a barrier to its use, even in a frequent indication for which diagnostic performances and impact on decision making are high
Omarjee, Loukman. "Atteintes Cardiovasculaires du Pseudoxanthome Élastique : Aspects Physiopathologiques et Stratégies Thérapeutiques." Thesis, Angers, 2019. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune15886.
Full textSince the discovery of the ABCC6 gene in 2000, mutations are at the origin of PseudoxanthomeElastic (PXE), knowledge of genetics, pathophysiology, phenotypic characterizations have has mademajor advances, notably with the Discovery in 2013 of the fundamental role of Pyrophosphateinorganic (PPi) as a deficient anti‐calcifying factor in patients. The overall goal of this thesis was tostudy, from the cohort of patients at the center of PXE reference of the CHU d'Angers, differentaspects of cardiovascular phenotype (CV) of PXE. Thus, in a first work, we were able to show in thestudy GOCAPXE, that ectopic calcifications would be a active process that can be detected by imagingUsing a specific activity tracer Osteoblastic, 18‐sodium fluoride (18F‐NaF); that this process wasdetectable even before these calcifications are not visible by conventional imaging techniques; thatthis process was localized to areas usually injured in the PXE: flexion folds and neck for skin and thesuperficial femoral artery for the vessel. This technique should be validated in a study longitudinaland its role as a diagnostic biomarker In this way, monitoring and monitoring could be considered.The second work of this thesis was to study the morphological consequences and functional of achronic increase in blood pressure in PXE patients. This question was relevant because in theliterature, the question of a high blood pressure (hypertension) in PXE remains controversial. Wehave thus shown for the first time that in a model of HTA induced by the Deoxycorticosterone(DOCA)‐Salt in Abcc6‐/‐ this increase in blood pressure led to a CV remodeling with both fibrosis andcalcifications dystrophic. The results of this study suggest need for optimal control of blood pressurein patients. The third work of this thesis was to characterize a lesion of the internal carotid detectedwith high frequency in the Angevine cohort. We have could show that this abnormality washypoplasia of the Probably congenital internal carotid. In the patients of the angevine cohort, thislesion was associated with intracranial aneurysms but we have not found in association with theoccurrence of vascular accident brain. Thus, the results of this study invite practitioners supportingPXE patients to search for it systematically in the vascular balance of a PXE patient. If such a lesion isfound, vascular imaging Intracranial should be proposed to research Aneurysms and theirmanagement discussed in consultation multidisciplinary. Finally, the latest work has made it possibleto show that systemic treatment with Thiosulphate Sodium (STS), used in renal calciphylaxia, waseffective on the regression of arterial calcifications and skin in a young boy with a phenotype CVGravel resulting from the deleterious combination of several pathogenic genes of the PXE spectrumThis treatment would deserve be validated in a human therapeutic trial but also the demonstrationof its mechanisms of action in the Abcc6‐/‐murin model. We suggest using this treatment for severeand rapidly progressive PXE especially on the vascular plane.At the end of this thesis work, we showed that the ABCC6 gene was involved in vascular remodelingat both at the developmental level (Carotid Hypoplasia) but also acquired (Fibrosis, CardiacCalcification Dystrophic). We also showed that calcifications in PXE were tissues and locationsspecific, that these calcifications were active. Finally we have opened the door to a treatment ofsevere forms of PXE with Sodium Thiosulphate. An approach multimodal therapy targeting multiplemechanisms this would be useful to evaluate in future clinical trials
Boughdad, Sarah. "Contributions of radiomics in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and in MRI in breast cancer." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS500.
Full textBreast cancer is a common disease for which ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and breast MRI are frequently performed in routine practice. However, the different information provided by each of these imaging techniques are currently under-exploited. Indeed, in routine the interpretation of these scans is mainly based on visual analysis whereas the « quantitative » analysis of PET/CT data is generally limited to the sole use of the SUVmax while in breast MRI, simple parameters to characterize tumor enhancement after injection of contrast medium are used. The advent of PET/MRI machines, calls for an evaluation of the contribution of a more advanced quantification of each of the modalities separately and in combination in the setting of breast cancer. This is along with the concept of « Radiomics » a field currently expanding and which consists in extracting many quantitative characteristics from medical images used in clinical practice to decipher tumor heterogeneity or improve prediction of prognosis. The aim of our work was to study the contribution of radiomic data extracted from ¹⁸F-FDG PET and MRI imaging with contrast injection to characterize tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer taking into account the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, namely luminal (Lum A, Lum B HER2- and Lum B HER2 +), triple-negative and HER2 + tumors. In this context, we focused on the prediction of prognosis in patients treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The influence of physiological variations such as age on the calculation of radiomic data in normal breast and breast tumors separately was also explored, as well as the multi-center variability of radioman features. Radiomic features were extracted using the LiFex software developed within IMIV laboratory. The patient database used for the studies were all retrospective data. We reported for the first time the influence of age on the values of radiomic features in healthy breast tissue in patients recruited from 2 different institutions but also in breast tumors especially those with a triple-negative subtype. Similarly, significant associations between the radiomic tumor phenotype in PET and MRI imaging and well-established prognostic factors in breast cancer have been identified. In addition, we showed a large variability in the PET « radiomic profile » of breast tumors with similar breast cancer subtype suggesting complementary information within their metabolic phenotype defined by radiomic features. Moreover, taking into account this variability has been shown to be of particular interest in improving the prediction of pathological response in patients with triple-negative tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A peri-tumoral breast tissue region satellite to the breast tumor was also investigated and appeared to bear some prognostic information in patients with Lum B HER2- tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In MR, we demonstrated the need to harmonize the methods for radiomic feature calculation. Overall, we observed that radiomic features derived from MR were less informative about the molecular features of the tumors than radiomic features extracted from PET data and were of lower prognostic value. Yet, the combination of the enhanced tumor volume in MR with a PET radiomic feature and the tumor molecular subtype yielded enhanced the accuracy with which response to neoadjuvant therapy could be predicted compared to features from one modality only or molecular subtype only
Thuillier, Philippe. "Optimisation des paramètres de quantification en imagerie TEP pour le diagnostic, l'évaluation thérapeuthique et le pronostic des cancers endocriniens Malignancy rate of focal thyroid incidentaloma detected by FDG PET–CT: results of a prospective cohort study, in Endocrine Connections 6(6), 2017 Diagnostic Value of FDG PET-CT Quantitative Parameters and Deauville-Like 5 Point-Scale in Predicting Malignancy of Focal Thyroid Incidentaloma, in Frontiers in Medicine 6(24), February 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0088.
Full textThe objective of this work was to propose a systematic and reasoned approach of the quantification tools available in clinical routine and in research in the management of patients with endocrine tumors. Our results report the limitations of semi-quantitative parameters to assess the malignancy of fTI detected by 18FDG-PET / CT. Our data on the interest of textural parameters in the diagnosis of malignancy of adrenal tumors show excellent performances of these indices. However these indices do not appear superior in comparison with conventional semi-quantitative parameters.Our approach raises new hypotheses regarding the interest of texture analysis in the characterization of some rare adrenal tumors (pheochromocytomas and adrenocortical carcinoma) that will be the subject of future work. Finally, our work on the multi-parametric 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET / CT imaging highlights the feasibility of a whole-body dynamic 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET / CT acquisition and the possibilities to perform quantification of NETs uptake treated with PRRT on post-therapeutic SPECT / CT acquisitions. Our results open up multiple perspectives for the management of NETs at different stages of the disease (diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic evaluation)
Vanhoutte, Matthieu. "Caractérisation par imagerie TEP 18F-FDG de la maladie d’Alzheimer à début précoce." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S026/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia, characterized at 95% by late-onset forms (LOAD) which present episodic memory impairments and progress slowly. However, 5% of AD patients have an early-onset form (EOAD) of the disease whose onset begins before 65. Although the lesion substratum is similar between EOAD and LOAD, EOAD has more severe neuritic plaque deposits, neurofibrillary tangles and brain atrophy. Moreover, EOAD is more heterogeneous than LOAD, because even if most of the impairments are about episodic memory there is a high proportion of atypical forms impaired in language, visuospatial or executive functions. Although many 18F-FDG PET studies allowed to metabolically characterize EOAD compared to LOAD or healthy controls group, very few differentiated typical from atypical forms. In this thesis, we examined 18F-FDG PET data, complemented by structural MRI, in order to improve characterization and comprehension of typical and atypical forms of EOAD. Following a first harmonization work between 18F-FDG PET reconstructions from both GE and Siemens scanners used for the acquisition of patient data, our second aim was to study at baseline on the whole brain hypometabolic patterns characterizing the clinical forms of EOAD and their correlations with neuropsychological performance. This work showed that each clinical form of EOAD was characterized by specific hypometabolic patterns highly correlated with clinical symptoms and neuropsychological performance of the associated cognitive domain. Then, we focused on the 3-year hypometabolism progression on the cortical surface according typical or atypical forms of EOAD. Although similar patterns of hypometabolism evolution between typical and atypical forms were observed in parietal cortices, atypical only showed a more severe reduction of metabolism in lateral orbitofrontal cortices associated with more severe cognitive declines. Temporally, the results suggest that hypometabolism in typical forms would progress according to an anterior-to-posterior axis coherently with Braak and Braak stages, whereas in atypical forms hypometabolism would progress according a posterior-to-anterior axis. Taken together, results consolidate the hypothesis of a different tau distribution in terms of burden and temporal evolution between both forms of EOAD. Our last goal was to determine the discriminative power of 18F-FDG PET data, alone or combined to structural MRI data, in order to automatically classify in a supervised manner EOAD patients into typical or atypical form. We applied machine learning algorithms combined to cross-validation methods to assess influence of some components on classification performances. Maximum balanced accuracies equal to 80.8% in monomodal 18F-FDG PET and 92.4% in multimodal 18F-FDG PET/T1 MRI were obtained, validating 18F-FDG PET as a sensible biomarker of EOAD and highlighting the incontestable contribution of multimodality. In conclusion, our works allowed a better characterization and comprehension of clinical forms of EOAD, paving the way to personalized patient management and more effective treatments for these distinct clinical forms
Rmeily-Haddad, Mireille. "Analyse temporelle de la fixation cérébrale du 18F-FDG en TEP : cartographies et application clinique potentielle." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIED009.
Full textVerger, Antoine. "Quantification du métabolisme glycolytique cérébral en imagerie TEP au 18F-FDG : caractérisation de l’impact du vieillissement et de sa composante accélérée d’origine vasculaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0274/document.
Full text18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) is a brain-imaging technique allowing brain glycolytic metabolism to be quantified. The aim of this doctoral thesis work was to try to better characterize the aging-related changes in brain metabolism, including the part with a possible vascular origin, thanks to a three-dimensional voxel-based quantitative analysis of 18F-FDG PET images. Our work shows firstly that there is a clear advantage to use a particular spatial normalization software (BM: Block Matching) for the brain quantitative analysis, at least for the providing of templates adapted to each study population. This advantage was shown, initially, for the localization of temporal epileptic foci and thereafter, for quantifying the age-related changes in brain metabolism (enhanced determination of the involved brain areas). With this method, a decrease in brain metabolism could be documented throughout the life especially within certain frontal areas. In addition, we tried to determine the component of cerebral aging, which might be of a vascular origin and thus, susceptible to be treated or prevented by vascular treatments. In this research field, we have shown that microvascular abnormalities, setting within white-matter and called leukoaraiosis, were associated with a decrease in the grey-matter metabolism, in particular within certain frontal areas. This effect was independent of the inherent effect of age and of cortical atrophy. Finally, in a population of older patients with a high prevalence of hypertension, we showed that the blood pressure level was correlated to a brain metabolic remodeling, especially when this pressure was measured at central level and when considering the pulse pressure and a threshold value of 50 mmHg. The global cerebral aging and its acceleration in relation to vascular factors may be assessed by 18F-FDG PET when using an adapted voxel-based quantitative method. This assessment could potentially be useful for the monitoring of vascular treatments and for differentiating the aging- and vascular-related metabolic changes to those corresponding to brain diseases of other origins
Rozenblum, Laura. "Nouveaux biomarqueurs d'imagerie pour la prise en charge des lymphomes primitifs du système nerveux central : études en TEP-IRM au 18F-FDG et à la 18F-FLUDARABINE." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS150.pdf.
Full textPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a malignancy with a dismal prognosis, increasingly prevalent, especially among elderly and immunocompetent patients. The therapeutic approach for PCNSL relies on evaluating established prognostic indicators: patient age and performance status. However, there is a growing need to enhance current therapeutic strategies, which are centered on high-dose methotrexate-based induction polychemotherapy, potentially followed by maintenance treatment. This has encouraged interest in identifying new biomarkers. This thesis positions itself within this research and innovation framework in PCNSL, supported by the LOC network (Lymphome Oculo-Cerebraux) in France, aiming to improve prognostic stratification and therapeutic monitoring for these patients. Currently, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for PCNSL follow-up. However, recent studies have highlighted its limitations, notably the high percentage of patients relapsing rapidly despite a complete response on end-of-treatment evaluation. Our research investigates the potential of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) combined with MRI as an innovative tool in the management of PCNSL patients. The study is structured around three main axes: firstly, exploring PET-MRI FDG as a prognostic biomarker for end-of-induction treatment response; secondly, its utility as a tool for early evaluation of the chemotherapy response; and finally, exploiting artificial intelligence methods to refine the pathophysiological understanding through advanced radiomic analyses, and to develop a predictive deep-learning model scalable for broad application. This work relied on the the longitudinal prospective data from the Localyse cohort, an ancillary study of the phase III multicentric BLOCAGE-01 trial, investigating the utility of maintenance chemotherapy in aged, immunocompetent patients. The results of this doctoral research identified two novel prognostic biomarkers in FDG-PET for PCNSL and demonstrated the potential superiority of interim PET over interim MRI in assessing the therapeutic response post two chemotherapy cycles. Incorporating the latest advances in radiomic analysis and deep learning, this thesis contributes to the development of robust and innovative tools in AI applied to neuro-oncology. Lastly, it examines the potential of 18F-Fludarabine, a radiotracer specifically targeting B lymphocytes, which could offer new perspectives in the future management of PCNSL patients. In conclusion, our work facilitates the development of new tools for managing PCNSL patients, paving the way for treatment strategies guided by PET findings
Ciappuccini, Renaud. "Apport de l'imagerie fonctionnelle par TEMP/TDM et TEP/TDM dans la prise en charge des cancers différenciés de la thyroïde Incremental Value of a Dedicated Head and Neck Acquisition during 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Full text links full-text provider logo Actions Favorites Share Page navigation Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Figures Similar articles Cited by References Related information LinkOut - more resources EJNMMI Res . 2018 Dec 3;8(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13550-018-0461-x. Optimization of a dedicated protocol using a small-voxel PSF reconstruction for head-and-neck 18 FDG PET/CT imaging in differentiated thyroid cancer 78 Lymph node involvement in head-and-neck and thyroid cancers with digital PET/CT: the impact of ultra-high definition voxels and point-spread function Tumor burden of persistent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: correlation with postoperative risk-stratification and impact on outcome 133 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT is a highly sensitive but poorly specific tool for identifying malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: The Chocolate study PSMA expression in neovasculature of persistent/recurrent differentiated thyroid cancerin the neck: relationship with radioiodine uptake, 18Fluorodeoxyglucose avidity and outcome." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC424.
Full textRadioiodine (131I) and 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) are two radiopharmaceuticals used for scintigraphic imaging in differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). Tumour uptake of each tracer depends on tumour differentiation and aggressiveness. Our goal was to further assess various technical aspects in DTC imaging workup, such as SPECT/CT and PET/CT, point-spread function (PSF), voxel size, digital PET, and to explore further other PET tracers. The aim of the first part was to assess the performance of 18FDG PET/CT for the detection of neck lymph node involvement. A dedicated PET/CT acquisition improved tumour detection compared to the whole-body acquisition. PSF reconstruction allowed detection of smaller cancer deposits and the optimal acquisition duration time was assessed. Using digital PET acquisitions, ultra-thin voxels reconstructions were performed. The impact of ultra-thin voxels and PSF on quantitative values was evaluated. The second part focused on 131I-SPECT/CT and 18FDG-PET/CT imaging, in an attempt to assess tumour burden of persistent disease. Tumor burden was correlated with the postoperative risk and affected the response to therapy. In the third part, another PET tracer, i.e. 18-Fluorocholine (FCH), and a marker of neovasculature, i.e. prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), were studied. FCH PET/CT offered high negative predictive value to reliably exclude cancer in PET-negative nodules with indeterminate cytology and might prevent unnecessary surgeries. Also, PSMA expression assessed with immunohistochemistry was associated with poor prognosis factors. Further studies are needed to confirm new insights of FCH PET and 68Ga-PSMA PET in DTC
Tixier, Florent. "Caractérisation de l'hétérogénéité tumorale sur des images issues de la tomographie par émission de positons (TEP)." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991783.
Full textBodet-Milin, Caroline Kraeber-Bodéré Françoise. "Intérêt de la TEP au 18-FDG dans l'évaluation de la réponse à la radioimmunothérapie des patients porteurs de lymphomes malins non hodgkiniens traités par Yttrium-90 Epratuzumab." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPEbodet.pdf.
Full textOnoma, Dago Pacôme. "Segmentation des lésions tumorales en imagerie TEP au 18F-FDG basée sur la marche aléatoire : Application aux petites lésions et aux lésions hétérogènes." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES057.
Full textFor external radiotherapy treatment planning, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using 18F-FDG functional imaging provides metabolic information complementary to anatomic imaging (CT) in the tumor target volume delineation. Indeed, it provides good detection and discrimination of tumor cells to define the tumor target volume in radiotherapy, especially for patients with lung cancer and head and neck tumors. In this context, it is essential to provide an accurate automatic segmentation method dealing with some specific problems in PET imaging, such as the partial volume effect and the physiological heterogeneity often found in the lesions. To this aim, we have implemented a method based on the Random Walk (RW) theory. Algorithmic improvements of the original method have been proposed corresponding to the semi-automatic definition of seeds based on the Fuzzy-C-Means algorithm taking into account the heterogeneity present in the lesion. In addition, we have proposed to make the parameter β adaptive by integrating the distance between adjacent voxels in the "weight" modeling of the walker and the integration of the probability density in the system of linear equations used in the RW to take partial volume effect into account. Due to the fact that the improvements have been done using local information, the segmentation algorithm is called 3D-Locally Adaptive Random Walk (3D-LARW). The performances of the method have been evaluated on PET images of a physical phantom, analytically simulated heterogeneous lesions, as well as on patient data. These performances have been compared with those of the original method (RW), an adaptive thresholding method (TAD) and a fuzzy method (FLAB). The results have shown that our method gives better overall performances whatever the studied data and the evaluation criteria. On the physical phantom, the results have shown the promising contribution of our approach for small lesions in which partial volume effect occurs. In addition, significant difference between our approach and other methods (TAD and FLAB) have demonstrated the robustness of the random walk against the physiological heterogeneities often found in the lesions on simulated data and heterogeneous lesions of patient data
Pan, Xiaoxi. "Towards FDG-PET image characterization and classification : application to Alzheimer's disease computer-aided diagnosis." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDM0008.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming the dominant type of neurodegenerative brain disease in elderly people, which is incurable and irreversible for now. It is expected to diagnose its early stage, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), then interventions can be applied to delay the onset. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is considered as a significant and effective modality to diagnose AD and the corresponding early phase since it can capture metabolic changes in the brain thereby indicating abnormal regions. Therefore, this thesis is devoted to identify AD from Normal Control (NC) and predict MCI conversion under FDG-PET modality. For this purpose, three independent novel methods are proposed. The first method focuses on developing connectivities among anatomical regions involved in FDG-PET images which are rarely addressed in previous methods. Such connectivities are represented by either similarities or graph measures among regions. Then combined with each region's properties, these features are fed into a designed ensemble classification framework to tackle problems of AD diagnosis and MCI conversion prediction. The second method investigates features to characterize FDG-PET images from the view of spatial gradients, which can link the commonly used features, voxel-wise and region-wise features. The spatial gradient is quantified by a 2D histogram of orientation and expressed in a multiscale manner. The results are given by integrating different scales of spatial gradients within different regions. The third method applies Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques to three views of FDG-PET data, thereby designing the main multiview CNN architecture. Such an architecture can facilitate convolutional operations, from 3D to 2D, and meanwhile consider spatial relations, which is benefited from a novel mapping layer with cuboid convolution kernels. Then three views are combined and make a decision jointly. Experiments conducted on public dataset show that the three proposed methods can achieve significant performance and moreover, outperform most state-of-the-art approaches
Humbert, Olivier. "Imagerie TEP au 18F-FDG du cancer du sein : étude du comportement métabolique des différents phénotypes tumoraux et prédiction de la réponse tumorale à la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS024/document.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18Fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is the reference imaging examination for in-vivo quantification of the glucidic metabolism of tumour cells. It allows for the monitoring of tumour metabolic changes during chemotherapy. Breast cancer comprises several distinct genomic entities with different biological characteristics and clinical behaviours, leading to different tailored treatments. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to evaluate the relationship between the different biological entities of breast cancer and the tumour metabolic behaviour during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We have also retrieved, among the various metabolic parameters on PET images, the most reliable ones to predict, as early as after the first neoadjuvant cycle, the final tumour histologic response and patient’s outcome. We have also evaluated early changes in tumour blood flow, using a tumour first-pass model derived from an dynamic 18F-FDG-PET acquisition.The first article presented in this thesis has underlined the strong correlation between breast cancer subtypes, and the tumour metabolic behaviour during chemotherapy. The following three articles have demonstrated that tumour metabolic changes after the first neoadjuvant cycle can predict the final histologic complete response at the end of the treatment, both in triple-negative and HER2 positive tumours. Concerning the luminal/HER2 subtype, the early metabolic response mainly predicts patient’s outcome.These results should lead, in the near future, to PET-guided neoadjuvant strategies, in order to adapt the neoadjuvant treatment in poor-responding women. Such a strategy should lead to enhanced personalized medicine
Abgral, Ronan. "Tomographie par émission de positons au 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose et carcinome épidermoïde des voies aérodigestives supérieures réfractaire au traitement." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952418.
Full textVauclin, Sébastien. "Segmentation et étude par simulations Monte Carlo de l’apport de la synchronisation respiratoire en imagerie TEP ou 18F-FDG à visée de radiothérapie conformationnelle des tumeurs pulmonaires." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES009.
Full textFor external radiotherapy treatment planning, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) thoracic functional imaging currently demonstrate a great interest in the definition of the tumoral target volume, especially in patients with "Non Small Cell Lung Cancers". To that end, it is essential to have efficient automatic segmentation method and to accuratly synchronize the acquisition of PET data to the patient breathing. For this purpose, 3 automatic and iterative thresholding methods (Methods №1, №2 and №3) inspired of literature approaches, but with significant algorithmic modifications were implemented and studied using data acquired on physical phantoms, as well as patients. The results were compared with those of a fixed threshold of 40% of the maximum intensity within the hyperfixation (I_MaxHyp), as well as the "manual" delineation of two experimented nuclear physicians. This work underlines that the Method №2 is the most accurate while being easy to implement in clinical routine. From the point of view of functionnal volume restitution on physical phantoms, measurement errors committed with this approach are in median equal to 0. 33 mL and 50% of them (i. E. The interquartile range) are respectively included between -0. 97 mL et 0. 76 mL. Then, the contribution of respiratory gating was studied. To that end, 18F-FDG phase respiratory-gated PET thoracic exams were simulated by Monte Carlo method using the GATE software, the SIEMENS Biograph Sensation 16 Hi-Rez PET scanner model and the 4D NCAT numerical thoracic voxelised phantom. The contribution of respiratory gating was emphasized and it was also shown that it seems preferable to reconstruct the acquired data with a number of temporal frames allowing to optimize obtained results according to the desired purpose. Indeed, a respiratory cycle sampling of 8, 5 and 3 frames seems respectively the best adapted for the measurement of real functionnal occupancy volumes covered by the lesions during breathing, towards the restitution of I_MaxHyp and for the visual detectability of tumors. These works should have a significant impact on the treatment planning in external radiotherapy
Anouan, Koutoua Joseph. "Correction de l'effet de volume partiel en imagerie fonctionnelle par TEP au 18F-FDG pour le suivi thérapeutique de patients atteints de cancer pulmonaire non à petites cellules." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES028.
Full textJacquemin, Manon. "Etude de l’impact du radiomarquage de cellules avec des émetteurs β+ pour l'imagerie TEP : développement dosimétrique à l'échelle multi-cellulaire, analyse des paramètres d'influence et application au cas du ¹⁸F-FDG." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP007.
Full textIn vitro labelling of cells with β+-emitting radionuclides combined with nuclear medicine imaging is a potential method for in vivo cell trafficking analysis with PET imaging. The labeling-associated exposition of cells to high levels of activity still raises some concerns since it may result in cell death and therefore a loss of image quality. In addition, the administration of potentially damaged cells rises essential questions regarding the safety of such procedure. This research work was conducted with a view of better understand the issues underlying the radiolabelling procedure in order to optimize the current clinical practice. More precisely, this thesis focused on the calculation of the absorbed doses to cells during in vitro ¹⁸F-FDG radiolabelling and the correlation to the biological observed effects. As a first step, computing tools at the multi-cellular scale were developed and optimized. Based on a generic approach, we explored and compared several hybrid methods mixing Monte Carlo simulations, analytic approaches or molecular dynamics. Then, JURKAT and adipose mesenchymal stem cells (adMSCs) were radiolabelled with ¹⁸F-FDG and tested for clonogenic survival assay, cell cycle analysis and ᵧ-H2AX phosphorylation quantification. A multi-cellular dosimetry model describing the full experiment, from the incubation of cells with ¹⁸F-FDG, washing steps, to culture of cells for functional assays was developed. Dynamic changes in cell density, as well as experimentally determined activity uptake and retention with time were thus considered. Lastly, the mean cell absorbed dose was correlated with the three biological endpoints and results were compared with X-ray irradiation. The results helped to better understand the irradiation features associated to ¹⁸F-FDG labelling and the observed biological effects, thus providing a knowledge base in favour of harmonizing the labelling methods
Michel, Marion. "Conception, synthèse et validation de molécules hétérocycliques fluorées ciblant IDO et/ou TDO pour le traitement de la neuroinflammation et son diagnostic par imagerie 18F-TEP." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1051.
Full textThe ageing of the global population has led to an increase in the number of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, with the concomitant lack of curative treatments. Consequently, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to improve care for these patients has become a major research challenge.Many of these diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Lou Gehrig's disease, follow the same pathophysiological process known as neuroinflammation. This mechanism of cerebral immunity, which emerges at the earliest stages of the disease, has recently become the focus of scientific interest. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzymes, involved in the catabolism of tryptophan, have been identified as being over-expressed in the context of neuroinflammation and appear to play a key role in it.Positron emission tomography (PET) is a precision imaging-technique giving access to the functional study of organs such as the brain. This non-invasive technique can thus be used for the diagnosis, monitoring and quantification of CNS diseases by the administration of specific radiotracers targeting this area.In order to design powerful fluorinated radioligands specific to the IDO and TDO enzymes, we began this research project by transposing IDO ligands form the literature into new 18F-labelled radioligands. We then developed original chemical series with a [6-5] or [6-5-5] scaffold to obtain mixed or selective TDO ligands. Finally, the exploration of the chemical space in the heterocyclic domain led us to the novel design of fluorinated TDO-selective ligands with a high potential for development
Eldin, Carole. "Coxiella burnetii : de la culture aux manifestations cliniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0034/document.
Full textC. burnetii is an intracellular bacterium. Recently, an axenic medium, named ACCM 2, has been developed and allows the culture of this bacterium in a microaerophilic atmosphere. We tested if the addition of uric acid in the medium could allow an aerobic culture. We observed growth of C. burnetii incubated under aerobic conditions in the ACCM2 medium enriched with uric acid. In Cayenne, French Guiana, pneumonia caused by C. burnetii are frequent and severe. We analyzed the genome of a strain from Cayenne. This work revealed a 6105 bp deletion in the gene of the type 1 secretion system (T1SS). This genome reduction is probably involved in the hypervirulence of Cayenne strains. Finally, we tested the antibiotic suceptibility of 6 strains isolated from patients living in Cayenne. These strains were all susceptible to doxycycline and resistant to macrolides. In a third part we analyzed the contribution of PET scanner in the diagnosis of C. burnetii infections. 167 patients with C. burnetii infections benefited from a PET scan. We found a high proportion of osteo-articular (21) and lymphadenitis (27) fixations, and we proposed new definitions for these locations. We then investigated the impact of surgical treatment in patients with vascular infections. A retrospective analysis of 86 patients with vascular infections showed that surgery was associated with a lower mortality at 2.5 years and a better serological outcome