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Journal articles on the topic 'Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Grimes, T. F., and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Fast neutron spectroscopy with tensioned metastable fluid detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 830 (September 2016): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.118.

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2

Boyle, Nathan, Brian Archambault, Mitch Hemesath, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Radon and Progeny Detection Using Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." Health Physics 117, no. 4 (October 2019): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001066.

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3

Taleyarkhan, R. P., B. Archambault, A. Sansone, T. F. Grimes, and A. Hagen. "Neutron spectroscopy & H*10 dosimetry with tensioned metastable fluid detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 959 (April 2020): 163278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.163278.

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4

Archambault, Brian, Alexander Hagen, Thomas F. Grimes, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Large-Array Special Nuclear Material Sensing With Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." IEEE Sensors Journal 18, no. 19 (October 1, 2018): 7868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2018.2845344.

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5

Grimes, Tom, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors in Nuclear Security for Passively Monitoring of Special Nuclear Materials―Part A." World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 01, no. 03 (2011): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2011.13010.

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6

Webster, Jeffrey A., and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors in Nuclear Security for Active Interrogation of Special Nuclear Materials―Part B." World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 01, no. 03 (2011): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2011.13011.

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7

Archambault, B., N. Boyle, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Gamma-blindness & neutron detection efficiency assessments with centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detectors in low-scatter environment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1019 (December 2021): 165863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165863.

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8

Hemesath, Mitchell P., Brian C. Archambault, Nathan M. Boyle, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "QUALIFICATION OF TENSIONED METASTABLE FLUID DETECTORS FOR SPECTROSCOPIC RADON & PROGENY DETECTION UNDER RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2019.27 (2019): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2019.27.1253.

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9

Archambault, Brian, Alex Hagen, Kai Masuda, N. Yamakawa, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Threshold Rejection Mode Active Interrogation of SNMs Using Continuous Beam DD Neutrons With Centrifugal and Acoustic Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 64, no. 7 (July 2017): 1781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2016.2628244.

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10

Harabagiu, Catalin, Nathan Boyle, Brian Archambault, David DiPrete, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "High resolution plutonium-239/240 mixture alpha spectroscopy using centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector sensor technology." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 37, no. 2 (2022): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ja00285f.

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This paper presents a novel and rapid, wet chemistry technique for spectroscopically detecting trace (∼10−3 Bq mL−1) level alpha emitting radionuclides mixtures with under 10 keV alpha energy resolution – with 100% gamma–beta rejection.

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11

Hume, N., A. Hagen, T. Grimes, B. Archambault, A. Bakken, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "MAC-TMFD: A novel, Multi-Armed Centrifugally Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (gamma-blind) — Neutron-alpha recoil-fission spectrometer." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 949 (January 2020): 162869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162869.

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12

Harabagiu, Catalin, Stepan Ozerov, Jacob Minnette, Nathan Boyle, Mitchell Hemesath, Eli Vanderkolk, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Detection sensitivity comparison of centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector vs Ludlum-42-49B™ for shielded & unshielded neutron source configurations." Nuclear Engineering and Design 385 (December 2021): 111530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111530.

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13

Taleyarkhan, Rusi P. "Monitoring Neutron Radiation in Extreme Gamma/X-Ray Radiation Fields." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030640.

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The monitoring of neutron radiation in extreme high ≈1014 (#/cm2-s) neutron/photon fields and at extremely-low (≈10−3 #/cm2-s) levels poses daunting challenges—important in fields spanning nuclear energy, special nuclear material processing/security, nuclear medicine (e.g., photon-based cancer therapy), and high energy (e.g., dark-matter) research. Variably proportioned (neutron, gammas, X-ray) radiation, spanning 10−2–109 eV in energy, is omnipresent from ultra-low (Bq) activity levels (e.g., cosmic rays/ bananas), to extreme high (>1020 Bq) levels. E.g., in nuclear reactor cores; in spent nuclear fuel bearing nuclear-explosive-relevant safeguard-sensitive isotopes, such as Pu-239; and in cancer therapy accelerators. The corresponding high to low radiation dose range spans a daunting 1016:1 spread—alongside ancillary challenges such as high temperatures, pressure, and humidity. Commonly used neutron sensors get readily saturated even in modest (<1 R/h) photon fields; importantly, they are unable to decipher trace neutron radiation relative to 1014 times greater gamma radiation. This paper focuses on sensing ultra-low to high neutron radiation in extremely high photon (gamma-X ray) backgrounds. It summarizes the state-of-art compared to the novel tensioned metastable fluid detector (TMFD) sensor technology, which offers physics-based 100% gamma-blind, high (60–95%) intrinsic efficiency for neutron-alpha-fission detection, even under extreme (≈103 R/h) gamma radiation.

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14

Grimes, T. F., A. R. Hagen, B. C. Archambault, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Enhancing the performance of a tensioned metastable fluid detector based active interrogation system for the detection of SNM in <1 m3 containers using a D–D neutron interrogation source in moderated/reflected geometries." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 884 (March 2018): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.10.085.

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15

Lapinskas, J., P. Smagacz, Y. Xu, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Tension metastable fluid nuclear particle Detector—Qualification and comparisons." Nuclear Engineering and Design 239, no. 10 (October 2009): 2152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.05.009.

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16

Archambault, Brian C., Jeffrey A. Webster, Joseph R. Lapinskas, Thomas F. Grimes, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Development of a novel direction-position sensing fast neutron detector using tensioned metastable fluids." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 673 (May 2012): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.12.050.

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17

Archambault, Brian C., Jeffrey A. Webster, Thomas F. Grimes, Kevin F. Fischer, Alex R. Hagen, and Rusi P. Taleyakhan. "Advancements in the development of a directional-position sensing fast neutron detector using acoustically tensioned metastable fluids." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 784 (June 2015): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.10.051.

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18

Hagen, Alexander R., Thomas F. Grimes, Brian C. Archambault, Trevor N. Harris, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Characterization and Optimization of a Tensioned Metastable Fluid Nuclear Particle Sensor Using Laser-Based Profilometry." Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 1, no. 4 (September 16, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4029918.

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State-of-the-art neutron detectors lack capabilities required by the fields of homeland security, health physics, and even for direct in-core nuclear power monitoring. A new system being developed at Purdue’s Metastable Fluid and Advanced Research Laboratory in conjunction with S/A Labs, LLC provides capabilities that the state-of-the-art lacks, and simultaneously with beta (β) and gamma (γ) blindness, high (>90% intrinsic) efficiency for neutron/alpha spectroscopy and directionality, simple detection mechanism, and lowered electronic component dependence. This system, the tensioned metastable fluid detector (TMFD), provides these capabilities despite its vastly reduced cost and complexity compared with equivalent present day systems. Fluids may be placed at pressures lower than perfect vacuum (i.e., negative), resulting in tensioned metastable states. These states may be induced by tensioning fluids just as one would tension solids. The TMFD works by cavitation nucleation of bubbles resulting from energy deposited by charged ions or laser photon pile-up heating of fluid molecules, which are placed under sufficiently tensioned (negative) pressure states of metastability. The charged ions may be created from neutron scattering or from energetic charged particles such as alphas, alpha recoils, and fission fragments. A methodology has been created to profile the pressures in these chambers by laser-induced cavitation (LIC) for verification of a multiphysics simulation of the chambers. The methodology and simulation together have led to large efficiency gains in the current acoustically tensioned metastable fluid detector (ATMFD) system. This paper describes in detail the LIC methodology and provides background on the simulation it validates.

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19

Hemesath, Mitch P., Brian C. Archambault, Nathan M. Boyle, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors for Spectrometric Radon–Progeny Detection and AARST-NRPP Standard Qualification." Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 6, no. 4 (June 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4045691.

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Abstract This paper describes how the tensioned metastable fluid detector (TMFD) sensor technology was successfully configured and qualified for efficient, accurate, spectroscopic, and cost-effective radon and progeny spectroscopic detection alongside meeting/exceeding the standards set by the American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists-National Radon Proficiency Program (AARST-NRPP) Device Evaluation Program (DEP). The DEP represents addressing of a challenging test matrix that assesses a radon collection and measurement device's performance over a variety of functional parameters and environmental conditions. Qualification test conditions covered in this study included performance vetting of the centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector (CTMFD) technology under a wide range of temperatures, noncondensing relative humidity (RH) levels, condensing conditions, atmospheric pressures, background photon radiation, nonionizing external electromagnetic (EM) fields, shock and vibration, and air movement. Of all these parameters, only the ambient temperature played a first-order role on radon collection; for this reason, a dynamic compensation algorithm was developed and successfully validated. The remaining AARST-NRPP test parameters were found to have negligible affects. In comparison to state-of-art radon detector systems, the resulting radon specific CTMFD (R-CTMFD) sensor system and protocol are shown to provide for superior sensitivity along with spectroscopic identification of radon–progeny alpha emitters while remaining 100% blind to interfering gamma–beta background radiation.

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20

Hemesath, Mitchell, Nathan M. Boyle, Brian Archambault, Troy Lorier, David DiPrete, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Actinide in Air (Rn-Progeny Rejected) Alpha Spectroscopy with Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4049729.

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Abstract This article discusses outcome of research for deriving a methodology and apparatus for ascertaining for the presence of ultra-trace level actinides in air from their alpha emission signatures, while remaining blind to the relatively large (1,000× higher activity) alpha emissions from Rn-progeny. Apparatus and techniques were developed to collect and characterize alpha-emitting nuclides of Rn-progeny and actinides in air on a polycarbonate 3 m pore size continuous air monitor (CAM) filter. A wet-chemistry approach was developed and validated for successfully separating the Rn-progeny alpha emitting isotopes of Po-214 and Po-218, while extracting the actinides (U, Pu, Am) in a fluid mixture that is suitable for conduct of alpha spectroscopy with a centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector (CTMFD). The resulting α-TMFD technology was compared against the state-of-art "Alpha-SentryTM" Continuous Air Monitor (CAM) system commonly utilized world-wide. Results indicate that the α-TMFD technology can potentially offer complementary and superior performance in multiple performance categories, and ~18× improvement in the time to detect [e.g., at 0.02 Derived Air Concentration (DAC) within ~3 h, vs ~70 h for Alpha-SentryTM] for actinides of interest while also remaining ~100% blind to ~103× higher Rn-progeny background - with the added potential for offering few keV scale energy resolution without resorting to peak shape fitting, vs ~300-400 keV for existing CAM systems.

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21

Webster, Jeffrey A., Alexander Hagen, Brian C. Archambault, Nicholas Hume, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "High-Efficiency Gamma-Beta Blind Alpha Spectrometry for Nuclear Energy Applications." Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 1, no. 3 (May 20, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4029926.

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A novel, centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector (CTMFD) sensor technology has been developed over the last decade to demonstrate high selective sensitivity and detection efficiency to various forms of radiation for wide-ranging conditions (e.g., power, safeguards, security, and health physics) relevant to the nuclear energy industry. The CTMFD operates by tensioning a liquid with centrifugal force to weaken the bonds in the liquid to the point whereby even femtoscale nuclear particle interactions can break the fluid and cause a detectable vaporization cascade. The operating principle has only peripheral similarity to the superheated bubble chamber-based superheated droplet detectors (SDD). Instead, CTMFDs utilize mechanical “tension pressure” instead of thermal superheat, offering a lot of practical advantages. CTMFDs have been used to detect a variety of alpha- and neutron-emitting sources in near real time. The CTMFD is blind to gamma photons and betas allowing for detection of alphas and neutrons in extreme gamma/beta background environments such as spent fuel reprocessing plants. The selective sensitivity allows for differentiation between alpha emitters including the isotopes of plutonium. Mixtures of plutonium isotopes have been measured in ratios of 1∶1, 2∶1, and 3∶1 Pu-238:Pu-239 with successful differentiation. Due to the lack of gamma-beta background interference, the CTMFD is inherently more sensitive than scintillation-based alpha spectrometers or SDDs and has been proved capable to detect below femtogram quantities of plutonium-238. Plutonium is also easily distinguishable from neptunium, making it easy to measure the plutonium concentration in the NPEX stream of a UREX reprocessing facility. The CTMFD has been calibrated for alphas from americium (5.5 MeV) and curium (∼6 MeV) as well. Furthermore, the CTMFD has, recently, also been used to detect spontaneous and induced fission events, which can be differentiated from alpha decay, allowing for detection of fissionable material in a mixture of isotopes. This paper discusses these transformational developments, which are also being considered for real-world commercial use.

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