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Academic literature on the topic 'Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors"

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Grimes, T. F., and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Fast neutron spectroscopy with tensioned metastable fluid detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 830 (September 2016): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.118.

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Boyle, Nathan, Brian Archambault, Mitch Hemesath, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Radon and Progeny Detection Using Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." Health Physics 117, no. 4 (October 2019): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001066.

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Taleyarkhan, R. P., B. Archambault, A. Sansone, T. F. Grimes, and A. Hagen. "Neutron spectroscopy & H*10 dosimetry with tensioned metastable fluid detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 959 (April 2020): 163278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.163278.

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Archambault, Brian, Alexander Hagen, Thomas F. Grimes, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Large-Array Special Nuclear Material Sensing With Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." IEEE Sensors Journal 18, no. 19 (October 1, 2018): 7868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2018.2845344.

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Grimes, Tom, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors in Nuclear Security for Passively Monitoring of Special Nuclear Materials―Part A." World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 01, no. 03 (2011): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2011.13010.

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Webster, Jeffrey A., and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors in Nuclear Security for Active Interrogation of Special Nuclear Materials―Part B." World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 01, no. 03 (2011): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2011.13011.

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Archambault, B., N. Boyle, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Gamma-blindness & neutron detection efficiency assessments with centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detectors in low-scatter environment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1019 (December 2021): 165863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165863.

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Hemesath, Mitchell P., Brian C. Archambault, Nathan M. Boyle, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "QUALIFICATION OF TENSIONED METASTABLE FLUID DETECTORS FOR SPECTROSCOPIC RADON & PROGENY DETECTION UNDER RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2019.27 (2019): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2019.27.1253.

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Archambault, Brian, Alex Hagen, Kai Masuda, N. Yamakawa, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Threshold Rejection Mode Active Interrogation of SNMs Using Continuous Beam DD Neutrons With Centrifugal and Acoustic Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 64, no. 7 (July 2017): 1781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2016.2628244.

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Harabagiu, Catalin, Nathan Boyle, Brian Archambault, David DiPrete, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "High resolution plutonium-239/240 mixture alpha spectroscopy using centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector sensor technology." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 37, no. 2 (2022): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ja00285f.

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This paper presents a novel and rapid, wet chemistry technique for spectroscopically detecting trace (∼10−3 Bq mL−1) level alpha emitting radionuclides mixtures with under 10 keV alpha energy resolution – with 100% gamma–beta rejection.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors"

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(5930228), Anthony A. Sansone. "Neutron Spectroscopy Development in Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." Thesis, 2021.

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This dissertation describes work conducted in pursuit of interests in adapting Tension Metastable Fluid Detectors (TMFDs) for dosimetry-related applications with the specific intent of engineering a neutron ambient dose spectrometer. TMFDs possess several charac- teristics desirable for neutron spectrometry, including high efficiencies, complete blindness to gamma and beta radiation, and tailorable-threshold response functions. Prior spectro- scopic work with TMFDs, aptly named Single Atom Spectroscopy (SAS), was constrained to a specific subset of detection fluids who’s composition includes hydrogen and only one other higher Z element (e.g. hydrocarbons), where only one element is assumed capable of initiating a cavitation detection event (CDE). The present work alleviates these restrictions, enabling spectroscopy in detection fluids with multiple constituent elements.

Simulating the detector’s response predicates knowledge of the energy necessary for ra- diation induced nucleation, which has been theoretically derived with nucleation theory for superheated fluids, but remains unbeknownst for tensioned metastable states. This limi- tation was overcome using MCNPX-PoliMI to model the spatial recoil nuclei spectra from isotope sources and coupled with SRIM to generate the ion energy deposition probabil- ity density within a critical length scale of each interaction event. Thereafter, the energy deposition threshold necessary to generate a detection event, and corresponding response matrix, was derived empirically by solving for the solution curve that minimizes the residual difference between the measured and simulated count rates.

The accuracy of the derived response matrix was evaluated through comparisons with a 6LiI Bonner Sphere Spectrometer in which, for 252Cf and 239PuBe/241AmBe isotope source neutron spectra, the two systems offered results within ±10% of each other for ambient equivalent fluences on the order of 100 μRem/hr fields. Notably, when under ultra-low (10 μRem/hr) fields the Bonner spectrometer and other traditional detectors proved impractical. In contrast, the TMFD system was capable of resolving underlying spectral features and corresponding ambient dose rates within ±5% of MCNP predictions.

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Solom, Matthew 1985. "Breaking the Tension: Development and Investigation of a Centrifugal Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector System." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148316.

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The current knowledge of the performance characteristics of Centrifugal Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors is limited. While a theoretical treatment and experience with bubble chambers may be applied with some degree of success, they are no substitute for experimental and operational knowledge of real CTMFD systems. This research, as with other investigations into CTMFD systems in the past, applies theory and simulations. In addition, however, an experiment was conducted that for the first time attempts to determine the threshold energy for triggering a CTMFD system in a controlled manner. A CTMFD system works in a manner similar to classic bubble chambers. A liquid is brought to an unstable state in which it is favorable to form a volume of vapor; using centrifugal techniques similar to those employed in a Briggs apparatus, the pressure in the sensitive region can be brought to extremely low values, placing the liquid in a tensile state. In such states, the energy necessary to cause the formation of macroscopic bubbles can be vanishingly small, depending on the degree of tension. When such bubbles form in a CTMFD, if they have a size bigger than a critical value, they will grow until a large vapor column forms in the sensitive region of the CTMFD. The experiment developed for this research employed a carefully-controlled laser to fire pulses of known energies into the sensitive region of a CTMFD. By varying the laser power, the threshold values for the triggering energy of a CTMFD can be found. The experiment and simulation demonstrated the ability of the facilities to test CTMFD systems and the potential to extract their operational characteristics. The experiment showed a certain viability for the technique of laser-induced cavitation in a seeded fluid, and demonstrated some of the associated limitations as well. In addition, the CFD framework developed here can be used to cross-compare experimental results with computer simulations as well as with the theoretical models developed for this research.
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Feener, Jessica S. "Safeguards for Uranium Extraction (UREX) +1a Process." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-270.

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As nuclear energy grows in the United States and around the world, the expansion of the nuclear fuel cycle is inevitable. All currently deployed commercial reprocessing plants are based on the Plutonium - Uranium Extraction (PUREX) process. However, this process is not implemented in the U.S. for a variety of reasons, one being that it is considered by some as a proliferation risk. The 2001 Nuclear Energy Policy report recommended that the U.S. "develop reprocessing and treatment technologies that are cleaner, more efficient, less waste-intensive, and more proliferation-resistant." The Uranium Extraction (UREX+) reprocessing technique has been developed to reach these goals. However, in order for UREX+ to be considered for commercial implementation, a safeguards approach is needed to show that a commercially sized UREX+ facility can be safeguarded to current international standards. A detailed safeguards approach for a UREX+1a reprocessing facility has been developed. The approach includes the use of nuclear material accountancy (MA), containment and surveillance (C/S) and solution monitoring (SM). Facility information was developed for a hypothesized UREX+1a plant with a throughput of 1000 Metric Tons Heavy Metal (MTHM) per year. Safeguard goals and safeguard measures to be implemented were established. Diversion and acquisition pathways were considered; however, the analysis focuses mainly on diversion paths. The detection systems used in the design have the ability to provide near real-time measurement of special fissionable material in feed, process and product streams. Advanced front-end techniques for the quantification of fissile material in spent nuclear fuel were also considered. The economic and operator costs of these systems were not considered. The analysis shows that the implementation of these techniques result in significant improvements in the ability of the safeguards system to achieve the objective of timely detection of the diversion of a significant quantity of nuclear material from the UREX+1a reprocessing facility and to provide deterrence against such diversion by early detection.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors"

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Xu, Y., P. Smagacz, J. Lapinskas, J. Webster, P. Shaw, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Neutron Detection with Centrifugally-Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors (CTMFD)." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89199.

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Tensioned metastable liquid states at room temperature were utilized to display sensitivity to impinging nuclear radiation, that manifests itself via audio-visual signals that one can see and hear. A centrifugally-tensioned metastable fluid detector (CTMFD), a diamond shaped spinning device rotating about its axis, was used to induce tension states, i.e. negative (sub-vacuum) pressures in liquids. In this device, radiation induced cavitation is audible due to liquid fracture and is visible from formed bubbles, so called hearing and seeing radiation. This type of detectors is selectively insensitive to Gamma rays and associated indication devices could be extremely simple, reliable and inexpensive. Furthermore, any liquids with large neutron interaction cross sections could be good candidates. Two liquids, isopentane and methanol, were tested with three neutron sources of Cf-252, PuBe and Pulsed Neutron Generator (PNG) under various configurations of neutron spectra and fluxes. The neutron count rates were measured using a liquid scintillation detector. The CTMFD was operated at preset values of rotating frequency and a response time was recorded when a cavitation occurred. Other parameters, including ambient temperature, ramp rate, delay time between two consecutive cavitations, were kept constant. The distance between the menisci of the liquid in the CTMFD was measured before and after each experiment. In general, the response of liquid molecules in a CTMFD varies with the neutron spectrum and flux. The response time follows an exponential trend with negative pressures for a given neutron count rate and spectra conditions. Isopentane was found to exhibit lower tension thresholds than methanol. On the other hand, methanol offered a larger tension metastability state variation for the various types of neutron sources, indicating the potential for offering significantly better energy resolution abilities for spectroscopic applications.
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Hagen, Alexander R., Thomas F. Grimes, Brian C. Archambault, Trevor N. Harris, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Characterization and Optimization of a Tensioned Metastable Fluid Nuclear Particle Sensor Using Laser Based Profilimetry." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30325.

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State of the art neutron detectors lack capabilities required by the fields of homeland security, health physics, and even for direct in-core nuclear power monitoring. A new system being developed at Purdue’s Metastable Fluid and Advanced Research Laboratory in conjunction with S/A Labs, LLC provides capabilities the state of the art lacks, and simultaneously with beta (β) and gamma (γ) blindness, high (> 90% intrinsic) efficiency for neutron/alpha spectroscopy and directionality, simple detection mechanism, and lowered electronic component dependence. This system, the Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (TMFD) [3], provides these capabilities despite its vastly reduced cost and complexity compared with equivalent present day systems. Fluids may be placed at pressures lower than perfect vacuum (i.e. negative) [4, 5], resulting in tensioned metastable states. These states may be induced by tensioning fluids just as one would tension solids. The TMFD works by cavitation nucleation of bubbles resulting from energy deposited by charged ions or laser photon pileup heating of fluid molecules which are placed under sufficiently tensioned (negative) pressure states of metastability. The charged ions may be created from neutron scattering, or from energetic charged particles such as alphas, alpha recoils, fission fragments, etc. A methodology has been created to profile the pressures in these chambers by lasing, called Laser Induced Cavitation (LIC), for verification of a multiphysics simulation of the chambers. The methodology and simulation together have lead to large efficiency gains in the current Acoustically Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (ATMFD) system. This paper describes in detail the LIC methodology and provides background on the simulation it validates.
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Webster, J. A., A. Sansone, B. Archambault, J. Lapinskas, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors for active interrogation of Special Nuclear Materials." In 2009 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ths.2009.5168051.

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Sansone, Anthony, Jeff A. Webster, Rusi P. Taleyarkhan, and Brian Archambault. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors for High Efficiency Thermal and Fast Neutron Sensitivity." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60757.

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Advancements in tension metastable fluid detector (TMFD) technology have led to an extension in detector sensitivity to now also detect and distinguish thermal energy (∼.02 eV) neutrons in addition to fast neutrons — spanning 109 orders of magnitude. The unique nature of detector operation and inherent detection mechanism in TMFDs offers a distinct advantage over conventional systems. TMFDs now posses the capabilities for simultaneous sensitivity to fast and thermal neutrons with high intrinsic efficiency, ascertaining directional and spectroscopic source information, all while remaining completely blind to background gamma and beta irradiation. The additional of thermal energy sensitivity was enabled via inclusion of boron in the detection fluid mixture; a compound composed of decaflouropentane (DFP), trimethyl borate (TMB) and methanol. Experimental benchmarking studies were conducted using the spontaneous fission based neutron source 252Cf, in conjunction with theoretical assessments using the nuclear particle transport package MCNP. Source neutron thermalization was accomplished through submersion of the source in a block of ice, such that the moderated spectrum contained an approximate 1:1 ratio between the fast and thermal flux magnitudes. Experimental results show that borated detection fluids yielded up to 6x improvements in the detection rate over their non-borated counterparts. Implications of the current results in regards to the applicability of TMFDs in the field of special nuclear material (SNM) interrogation and detection are discussed.
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Archambault, B., N. Boyle, M. Hemesath, A. Sansone, and R. Taleyarkhan. "Novel Neutron-Alpha-Fission Radiation Monitoring Technology Using Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." In Tranactions - 2019 Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t30714.

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Taleyarkhan, Rusi, A. Hagen, A. Sansone, and B. Archambault. "Live demonstration: Femto-to-macro scale interdisciplinary sensing with tensioned metastable fluid detectors." In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808563.

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Archambault, B., N. Boyle, and R. Taleyarkhan. "Optimizing Nuclear Signal Monitoring with Acoustically Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector Technology." In Tranactions - 2019 Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t30890.

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Boyle, N., B. Archambault, A. Hagen, C. Meert, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Detection of Radon-Progeny and Other Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in Air Using Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66805.

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Alpha radiation emitting radon (Rn) gas seepage into homes in the USA leads to over 21,000 annual lung cancer deaths (according to the US-Environmental Protection Agency, EPA) leading to mandatory monitoring for Rn throughout the USA. In the nuclear industry alpha emitting radionuclides in air (e.g., in spent fuel reprocessing) also constitute a major safety and security-safeguards related issues. Purdue University, along with Sagamore Adams Laboratories LLC, is developing the tensioned metastable fluid detector (TMFD) technology for general-purpose alpha-neutron-fission spectroscopy. This paper focuses on rapid, high-efficiency detection of Rn and progeny in air using the novel TMFD technology; Rn and progeny isotopes in air are sparged through the TMFD detection fluid (to entrap the radioactive gas), which is then placed under a metastable state. Through tailoring the metastable fluid state, an audible and visible cavitation detection event is created and readily detected from transient bubble formation. Changing the tensioned state allows for the spectroscopic differentiability of Rn and its daughters which can be used to actively measure the equilibrium between the parent and daughter products. Such a technique can also be used to monitor the atmosphere in critical nuclear facilities for contamination from other alpha emitting isotopes (e.g., Pu, Cm, U...). TMFDs offer the unique ability for high intrinsic efficiency (>95%) alpha-neutron-fission fragment detection, while remaining blind to background beta and gamma radiation (qualified to >3.8×108 Bq m−3 using a dissolved 32P beta source, and also via gammas from a 53 R/hr 137Cs gamma source). Immunity to beta and gamma is beneficial for the discrimination of buildup of beta-emitting Thoron and Rn progeny in the detection fluid allowing for reusability. This paper will discuss the research results pertaining to detection of Radon and progeny in air, for concentrations between 74 Bq m−3 (2 pCi/L) and 740 Bq m−3 (20 pCi/L). The system measures a radon concentration between these levels to within ±15% intrinsic relative error (IRE) within 24 hours meeting the standards outlined by the American Association of Radon Scientists and Technicians-National Radon Proficiency Program (AARST-NRPP) Device Evaluation Program. Precision evaluation was also performed and the relative standard deviation defined by the AARST-NRPP was <5% exceeded the requirement of 25%. Ambient temperature effects were assessed at 10 °C and at 27 °C, which revealed a large increase in collection efficiency with decreasing sampling temperature and slight increase with increasing sampling temperature. Temperature effects on sensitivity thresholds and volumetric expansion were measured and used to compensate for variability in temperature over time. Blind testing with the help of Bowser-Morner Radon Reference Laboratory was performed and succeeded in accurately determining the Rn in air concentration to within 20% within only 6h of sampling. Finally, a 48-hour based collection time has also been developed for use in dwellings where Rn in air concentrations may vary in a day. Overall, the reproducibility and precision of TMFD technology is found to allow for an efficient, cost-effective, reliable, and environmentally friendly means of Rn and progeny detection, and by extension for use for general actinide in air monitoring for the nuclear industry.
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Lapinskas, Joseph R., Stephen M. Zielinski, Jeffrey A. Webster, Rusi P. Taleyarkhan, Sean M. McDeavitt, and Yiban Xu. "Tension Metastable Fluid Detection Systems for Special Nuclear Material Detection and Monitoring." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75727.

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Tension metastable fluid states offer unique potential for radical transformation in radiation detection capabilities. States of tension metastability may be obtained in tailored resonant acoustic systems such as the acoustic tension metastable fluid detector (ATMFD) system or via centrifugal force based systems such as the centrifugal tension metastable fluid detector (CTMFD) system; both under development at Purdue University. Tension metastable fluid detector (TMFD) systems take advantage of the weakened intermolecular bonds of liquids in sub-vacuum states. Nuclear particles incident onto sufficiently tensioned fluids can nucleate critical size vapor bubbles which grow from nanoscales and are then possible to see, hear and record with unprecedented efficiency and capability [1]. Previous work by our group has shown the ability of TMFD systems to detect neutrons with energies spanning eight orders of magnitude with 95%+ intrinsic efficiency [2] while remaining insensitive to gamma photons and also giving directional information [3] on the source of the radiation. In this paper we describe research results with CTMFD systems for use in the detection of key actinide isotopes constituting special nuclear materials (SNMs) in spent fuel. Tests in a CTMFD system demonstrate the ability to detect alpha activity (at ∼100% efficiency) of U-isotopes at concentrations of ∼100 ppb (which is unprecedented and about x100–1000 more sensitive than from conventional liquid scintillation spectroscopy). An inherent capability of TMFD systems concerns on demand tailoring of fluid tension levels allowing for energy discrimination and spectroscopy. This appears especially useful to detect the key isotopes of U and other transuranic isotopes of Pu, Np, Am, and Cm that are at different stages of nuclear fuel reprocessing (i.e. UREX+).
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Archambault, Brian C., Joseph R. Lapinskas, Jing Wang, Jeffrey A. Webster, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Ascertaining Directional Information From Incident Nuclear Radiation." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75759.

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Unprecedented capabilities for the detection of nuclear particles are presented by tensioned metastable fluid states which can be attained via tailored resonant acoustic systems such as the acoustic tensioned metastable fluid detection (ATMFD) systems. Radiation detection in tensioned metastable fluids is accomplished via macro-mechanical manifestations of femto-scale nuclear interactions. Incident nuclear particles interact with the dynamically tensioned metastable fluid wherein the intermolecular bonds are sufficiently weakened such that the recoil of ionized nuclei generates nano-scale vapor cavities which grow to visible scales. Ionized nuclei form preferentially in the direction of incoming radiation, therefore, enabling the capability to ascertain information on directionality of incoming radiation — an unprecedented development in the field of radiation detection. Nuclear particle detection via ATMFD systems has been previously reported, demonstrating the ability to detect a broad range of nuclear particles, to detect neutrons over an energy range of eight orders of magnitude, to operate with intrinsic detection efficiencies beyond 90%, and to ascertain information on directionality of incoming radiation. This paper presents advancements that expand on these accomplishments, thereby increasing the accuracy and precision of ascertaining directionality information utilizing enhanced signal processing-cum-signal analysis, refined computational algorithms, and on demand enlargement of the detector sensitive volume. Advances in the development of ATMFD systems were accomplished utilizing a combination of experimentation and theoretical modeling. Modeling methodologies include Monte-Carlo based nuclear particle transport using MCNP5 and complex multi-physics based assessments accounting for acoustic, structural, and electromagnetic coupling of the ATMFD system via COMSOL’s Multi-physics simulation platform. Benchmarking and qualification studies have been conducted with special nuclear material (SNM), Pu-based neutron-gamma sources, with encouraging results. These results show that the ATMFD system, in its current configuration, is capable of locating the direction of a radioactive source to within 30° with 80% confidence.
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Reports on the topic "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors"

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McDeavitt, Sean M. Prototype Demonstration of Gamma- Blind Tensioned Metastable Fluid Neutron/Multiplicity/Alpha Detector – Real Time Methods for Advanced Fuel Cycle Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1346151.

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