Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tension-torsion experiments

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Tension-torsion experiments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tension-torsion experiments"

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Hou, Pengliang, Huantao Jing, Yujie He, Hongwei Zhao, Haining Xiao, and Chunwei Zhang. "Study on the effects of the tension and torsion loading sequence on the mechanical properties of a 20 carbon steel." Materials Testing 64, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 787–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2202.

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Abstract In engineering applications, cylindrical bars of 20 carbon steel are often subjected to a combination of tensile loading and torsional loading during the service, thereby causing premature failure or an accident. In order to explore the influence of loading sequence of tension and torsion on the mechanical properties of 20 carbon steel, tests of combined tension-torsion loading and combined torsion-tension loading are employed in this work. During experiments, a microscope is used for the in situ characterization of micro-damage evolution on the surface of specimens. At the same time, to analyze the influence of loading sequence on the stress distribution, ABAQUS software is utilized to conduct the relevant finite element simulation, where the results of finite element analysis are consistent with the experiments. Evidently, the torsional strength of 20 carbon steel is decreased with an increase in the pre-tensile stress, under the combined tension-torsion. However, the tensile strength of 20 carbon steel is enhanced with the increasing pre-torsional angles, under the combined torsion-tension. Moreover, the in situ images characterized the micro-damage evolution of 20 carbon steel under pure tension, pure torsion, combined tension-torsion and combined torsion-tension. It is concluded that the deference in loading sequence changes the failure mechanism of 20 carbon steel is different.
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Portier, Laurence, Sylvain Calloch, Didier Marquis, and Philippe Geyer. "Ratchetting under tension–torsion loadings: experiments and modelling." International Journal of Plasticity 16, no. 3-4 (January 2000): 303–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-6419(99)00056-x.

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Han, Yu-Lin, De-Jin Xing, Er-Tian Xiao, and Ai-Qun Li. "NiTi-wire Shape Memory Alloy Dampers to Simultaneously Damp Tension, Compression, and Torsion." Journal of Vibration and Control 11, no. 8 (August 2005): 1067–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546305055773.

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NiTi-wire shape memory alloy (SMA) dampers, which utilize NiTi SMA wires to simultaneously damp tension, compression, and torsion, have been developed for structural control implementation in this study. First, three reduced-scale NiTi-wire SMA dampers were constructed. Then, mechanics analysis of the NiTi-wire SMA dampers was performed, based on a model of the SMA-wire restoring force and on tension, compression, and torsion damping analysis. Finally, tension, compression, and torsion experiments were carried out, using the three reduced-scale NiTi-wire SMA dampers of different diameters. The experimental results revealed that all of the three reduced-scale NiTi-wire SMA dampers had the ability to simultaneously supply tension damping, compression damping, and torsion damping, and the results were found to be similar to the damping analytical results.
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Heitzer, M., M. Staat, H. Reiners, and F. Schubert. "Shakedown and ratchetting under tension–torsion loadings: analysis and experiments." Nuclear Engineering and Design 225, no. 1 (October 2003): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(03)00134-1.

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Mars, W. V., and A. Fatemi. "Observations of the Constitutive Response and Characterization of Filled Natural Rubber Under Monotonic and Cyclic Multiaxial Stress States." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1631432.

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This work explores the monotonic and cyclic behaviors of filled, natural rubber. Results of stress-strain experiments conducted under stress states of simple, planar, and equibiaxial tension are presented. The ability of hyperelastic models to capture the observed response, as well as recent developments in constitutive modeling of filled rubber such as the consequences of the Mullins effect, are discussed. Monotonic and cyclic multiaxial experiments were also conducted using a short, thin-walled, cylindrical specimen subjected to a wide range of combined axial and twist displacements. Experiments included pure axial tension, pure torsion, combined loading in which the axial and torsion displacements varied proportionally, and combined loading in which the axial and torsion displacements varied non-proportionally (phase between axial and torsion channels of ϕ=0 deg, 90 deg, 180 deg). Results from these tests are presented and discussed, including evolution of stress-strain behavior with load cycles, and the effects of a short period of initial overloading on the subsequent evolution of the stress-strain response.
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Ding, J. L., and W. N. Findley. "Simultaneous and Mixed Stress Relaxation in Tension and Creep in Torsion of 2618 Aluminum." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171806.

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The time dependent behavior of 2618-T61 aluminum under mixed loads and constraints (tension relaxation and torsion creep) is investigated. Experiments include tensile relaxation; simultaneous tension relaxation with step changes in torsion creep and reversed torsion; and alternate creep and relaxation. Results were compared with theoretical models developed previously using as input creep and creep recovery data under constant stress states only. Experimental observations were generally well described by strain hardening flow rules. Some failures in describing the material behavior by the state variable approaches (kinematic hardening) are also discussed.
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Ding, Zhi Ping, Ji Ping Chen, Teng Fei Wang, and Ming Li. "Influence Analysis of Multifactor on LCF Damage of Single Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloy under Multiaxial Non-Proportional Loading." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.198.

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A formula of equivalent strain for FCC single crystal superalloy was derived based on Hill’s yield criterion and was used for design of biaxial tension-torsion strain paths and loading levels of specimens. biaxial tension-torsion non-proportional cyclic loading process for single crystal nickel-based superalloy at the temperature of 680°C and 850°C was simulated by FEM analyzes; and influence degree of factors, such as strain range, strain path angle, tension-torsion loading phase angle, cycle characteristics and temperature etc., to low cycle fatigue damage of single crystal nickel-based superalloy were analyzed by using analysis of variance based on orthogonal experiments. The results show that if Hill’s equivalent stress range is used as a fatigue damage parameter, the factors produce effects on low cycle fatigue damage of single crystal nickel-based superalloy. The factors are listed in the order of significance as followed: temperature, strain range, tension-torsion loading phase angle, strain path angle and axial loading strain ratio.
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Yang, Li Hong, Guang Ping Zou, and Xue Yi Zhang. "Study on Spins and Deformation Rate of Solid Circular Shafts at Finite Torsion Deformation." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.73.

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Torsion experiments should be adopted to characterize large strain elasto-plastic behavior of material instead of traditional uni-axial tension experiments due to the plastic stability of specimen in torsion deformation. Study on spins and deformation rate in finite torsion deformation is the key to determine the material parameters by torsion experiments and understand the finite deformation characteristics of material. In this paper, five spins and deformation rate in torsion deformation with solid circular shafts are investigated in cylinder coordinates. The expressions of the deformation rate and spins, namely the material spin, the relative spin, the spin of the frame of the deformation rate, logarithmic spin and instantaneous spin considering the effect of stress, are deduced by analyzing the finite torsion deformation. The comparisons are made among all spins obtained in this paper. The results obtained in this paper are the basis of analyzing the large strain constitutive relationship based on torsion experiments with solid circular shafts.
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Concas, Francesca, Stefan Diebels, and Anne Jung. "MULTIAXIAL INVESTIGATION OF PVC FOAMS AND ANALYSIS OF THE DEFORMATION MECHANISM BY 3D-DIC." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 25 (December 6, 2019): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2019.25.0006.

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Closed-cell polyvinylchloride (PVC) foams are widely used as core for sandwich composites for applications, in which multiaxial loads are involved. In the present work a wide range of uniaxial (tension, compression and torsion) and multiaxial experiments (both simultaneous tension-torsion and compression-torsion) were conducted on a high performance PVC foam. Failure data for each experiment were collected and depicted in the invariants plane. The whole cylindrical surface of the specimen was monitored by means of an 8-camera-system, strain fields were obtained by 3D-DIC. Hence, the occurrence and the evolution of deformation bands were inspected. The usage of an 8-camera system was essential for the observation of the deformation mechanism, especially for pure compression, pure torsion and combined axial load-torsion, in which the arising of deformation bands is affected by the occurrence of buckling and the orthotropy of the foam.
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Chen, Zi, Qiaohang Guo, Eric Dai, Nickolas Forsch, and Larry A. Taber. "How the embryonic chick brain twists." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 124 (November 2016): 20160395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0395.

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During early development, the tubular embryonic chick brain undergoes a combination of progressive ventral bending and rightward torsion, one of the earliest organ-level left–right asymmetry events in development. Existing evidence suggests that bending is caused by differential growth, but the mechanism for the predominantly rightward torsion of the embryonic brain tube remains poorly understood. Here, we show through a combination of in vitro experiments, a physical model of the embryonic morphology and mechanics analysis that the vitelline membrane (VM) exerts an external load on the brain that drives torsion. Our theoretical analysis showed that the force is of the order of 10 micronewtons. We also designed an experiment to use fluid surface tension to replace the mechanical role of the VM, and the estimated magnitude of the force owing to surface tension was shown to be consistent with the above theoretical analysis. We further discovered that the asymmetry of the looping heart determines the chirality of the twisted brain via physical mechanisms, demonstrating the mechanical transfer of left–right asymmetry between organs. Our experiments also implied that brain flexure is a necessary condition for torsion. Our work clarifies the mechanical origin of torsion and the development of left–right asymmetry in the early embryonic brain.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tension-torsion experiments"

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Johnson, Joseph M. (Joseph Michael). "Experimental study of ductile fracture of tubes under combined tension/torsion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40443.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 22).
This experiment sought to compare the results of an experimental torsion test on a specimen of 1045 steel with a torsion simulation in the ABAQUS FEA software program. A simulation of a tension test on a round bar of 1045 steel was first executed to determine the correct stress-strain curve for 1045 steel. A torsion specimen was designed based on the constraints of the testing machine, and the torsion test was carried out. A model of the specimen was constructed in ABAQUS using the results of the tension simulation, and a torsion test was simulated. The simulation accurately predicted the shape of the experimental torque vs. twist curve, but the simulated values were 7% higher than the experimental values in the plastic region. The specimen fractured at a rotation of 430 with a plastic strain of 1.013. This was 2.4 times higher than in the tension simulation, where the specimen failed at a strain of 0.427.
by Joseph M. Johnson.
S.B.
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Hakem, Naoual. "Etude de l'interaction des dommages de fatigue et de deformation progressive : effet d'un chargement primaire (entraction) sur la resistance a la fatigue oligocyclique en torsion de l'acier 304l a temperature ambiante." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066422.

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Etude experimentale sur des eprouvettes tubulaires minces soumises a une variation cyclique d'un angle de torsion sur laquelle est superposee une contrainte de traction constante. Determination d'une courbe de resistance a la fatigue pour chaque niveau de chargement primaire. L'effet du chargement primaire conduit, a une reduction sensible du terme d'endurance dans l'equation de resistance a la fatigue. La rupture a lieu par fatigue et non par deformation, plastique excessive. Analyse de la reduction de la duree de vie associee a l'application d'un changement primaire
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DOQUET-DARIDON, VERONIQUE. "Comportement et endommagement de deux aciers a structure cubique centree et cubique a faces centrees, en fatigue oligocyclique, sous chargement multiaxial non-proportionnel." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0137.

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Precision des mecanismes de durcissement cyclique anormal manifeste par certains materiaux sous chargement non proportionnel, ainsi que des reductions d'endurance qui l'accompagnent. Etude dans le cas de l'acier inoxydable austenitique 316 l et d'un acier doux
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Books on the topic "Tension-torsion experiments"

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Center, Langley Research, ed. An analytical and experimental investigation of edge delamination in laminates subjected to tension, bending, and torsion. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1989.

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Zarroug, Nuri M. Experimental and finite element study of the behaviour of structural members to combined tension and torsion loadings. 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tension-torsion experiments"

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Lahlal, A., Jean Michel Sprauel, and H. Michaud. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Residual Stress Induced by Elastic-Plastic Bending, Tension or Torsion Loading." In Materials Science Forum, 331–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-414-6.331.

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Matviychuk, Viktor, and Andrii Shtuts. "CONSTRUCTION OF CURVE BOUNDARY DEFORMATIONS OF METALS." In Traditional and innovative approaches to scientific research: theory, methodology, practice. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-241-8-4.

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The work deals with the problems of studying the plasticity of metals, which are associated with the lack of methods of constructing a "single" curve of limit deformations due to the formation of a neck during stretching of samples and the formation of a barrel during deposition, and at the same time, the increase in plasticity due to the implementation of complex deformation. The purpose of this work is to develop a technique for constructing curves of limit deformations of metals with simple deformation and a constant value of the stress state indicator and to use them for objective assessment of the deformability of the material of the workpieces in the technological processes of plastic molding. The main method of research is an experiment with the creation of controlled and controlled conditions for the deformation of samples. In addition, an experimental and computational method was considered, which involves the construction of deformation paths during the deposition of cylindrical samples and the correction of the limit deformation using the deformability criterion. We found that during stretching, in the case of neck formation, the increase in deformation depends linearly on the ratio of the radius of curvature of the neck to its diameter. An equation is presented, which can be used to take into account the effect of the neck on the increase in limit deformations using the experimental and computational method. A method of rolling a cylindrical sample into a wedge with rolls, the radii of which increase during the rolling process, has been developed. The method provides the possibility of testing cylindrical samples under constant stress and allows obtaining values of plasticity under conditions of uniaxial tension. Curves of limit deformations, with the precision necessary for practice, are proposed to be built based on the results of testing samples for torsion and settling using an approximate dependence. Curves of limit deformations of a number of steels were constructed according to the given method. The resulting curves of limit deformations are constructed excluding the influence of the deformation history on them and can be used for objective evaluation of the deformability of the workpiece material in technological processes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tension-torsion experiments"

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Reedlunn, Benjamin, Samantha Daly, and John Shaw. "Tension-Torsion Experiments on Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Tubes." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8185.

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Shape memory alloys have been studied extensively in pure tension, but careful studies of multi-axial behavior are far less common in the published literature. Here, we present room temperature tension-torsion experiments on superelastic NiTi tubes, using stereo digital image correlation (DIC) for the first time to measure the strain on the tube surface. DIC can accurately measure large strains, which permitted us to capture the mechanical response at the beginning and end of the phase transformation. These responses were then used to generate the first measurements of the saturation stress and strain surfaces in the published literature. The full field nature of DIC was also important in this work. The strain fields revealed propagating transformation fronts in pure tension, no propagating fronts in pure torsion, and a progression of behaviors in between, similar to the optical microscopy observations of Sun and Li [1]. By quantitatively measuring the strain fields with DIC, however, we found new features. In tension-dominated tests, the transformation front appeared as a near discontinuity in not only the axial strain field, but also the shear strain field. Also, the shear strain fields in pure torsion were not uniform. Although there were no propagating fronts, torsion caused vertical columns of shear strain to gradually appear and disappear during phase transformation.
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Sauve´, R. G. "Choice of Objective Rate for Non-Proportional Loading Applications." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2739.

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Traditionally, the validation of three dimensional constitutive formulations (i.e. theories of plasticity) has been carried out using biaxial testing. The most widely used method for biaxial testing is the combined tension-torsion loading of thin-walled cylindrical specimens. Unfortunately, the results obtained in the past, using the incremental theory to model tension-torsion experiments involving large strains and non-proportional loading paths, are not always in agreement with observations. Two possible sources of error lie in: (i) the particular objective rate chosen for the constitutive equation, and (ii) the kinematic hardening model used to account for material anisotropy. In this study, it is demonstrated that an appropriate choice of objective stress rate can lead to improved correlation between analytical and experimental results even with the use of a simple kinematic hardening law. The evaluation is carried out using non-proportional tension-torsion loading of a thin tube. The purpose of this paper is to review the objective E-rate formulation against alternative rate formulations and demonstrate its advantage in problems involving elastic-plastic and non-proportional loading, through the finite deformation solution of tension followed by torsional loading of a thin tube. Details of the analytical thin tube solution of non-proportional tension torsion loading generalized to finite deformation plasticity is presented along with comparison of results to experiments.
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Athmanathan, S., Bharath Kumar Dandu, C. Lakshmana Rao, Santhana Krishnan, R. Suresh Kumar, and Chella Pandi. "Experimental Study on Biaxial Ratcheting of SS316LN Steel Pipes Used in Fast Breeder Reactor Structures." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63323.

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SS316LN is the primary material used for critical components in fast breeder reactors. Piping systems play a vital role in the operation of any reactor. Fast breeder reactor piping system carries sodium at high temperatures. These systems are operated for long durations. Under normal operating conditions, these piping systems are under tensile stress due to internal pressure and self weight. In case of any seismic excitations, these piping systems are subjected to cyclic torsion along with the constant tensile stress. The combination of static axial tension and large magnitude of cyclic torsion leads to accumulation of plastic strains in axial direction. This accumulation of plastic strain in the axial direction due to cyclic torsion is called ratcheting. This paper discusses about the experimental investigations carried to simulate ratcheting behavior of the SS316L (N) pipe specimen. Many specimens tested under various loading combinations of constant axial tension and cyclic shear strain. The ratcheting for the material SS316LN has been observed experimentally. Axial strain variation with number of cycles is obtained for various loading cases. All these experiments have been conducted in room temperature.
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Indermohan, H., and W. Reinhardt. "Ratchet Boundary Evaluation and Comparison With Ratcheting Experiments Involving Strain Hardening Material Models." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78516.

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Pressure components in nuclear power plants are designed to prevent the failure mechanism of incremental deformation or “ratcheting” due to the simultaneous application of mechanical loads such as pressure and cyclic loads. Design criteria using elastic methods that are specified in NB-3200 of ASME Section III Code are derived from a perfectly-plastic material model. The Code allows the use of plastic methods to demonstrate an acceptable response to cyclic loading, but does not provide clear guidance on any specific plasticity model to use. It has been shown in previous studies that some strain hardening plasticity models are unsuitable for establishing the absence of ratcheting. In this paper, the ratchet boundary obtained from the perfectly plastic and the strain hardening Armstrong-Frederick material models are examined based on the published experimental investigations of the classical Bree problem, pipe bends under in-plane bending and tension-torsion tests. Suitable criteria for evaluating the cyclic analysis response are discussed.
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Qiu, Baoxiang, Zengliang Gao, Xiaogui Wang, and Yanyao Jiang. "Prediction of Fatigue Initiation Life of 16MnR Notched Components." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26779.

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Fatigue initiation life of smooth and notched rod 16MnR specimens subjected to fully reversed uniaxial tension-compression and pure torsion cyclic loading was studied by a multiaxial fatigue damage criterion. A robust cyclic plasticity model was implemented into ABAQUS via a user-material subroutine UMAT. In virtue of the axisymmetry of geometry and loading, an axisymmetric model was facilitated to get the cyclic elasto-plastic stress-strain relationship. The accumulated fatigue damage of each material point in different material plane was then obtained by Jiang’s fatigue damage criterion. From the results of fatigue damage analysis we know that the maximum stabilized damage per loading cycle was at the root of the notch, where the material point firstly reaches the critical damage value. Fatigue crack initiation life is defined as the ratio of the critical damage to the maximum fatigue damage per loading cycle. Uniaxial and pure torsion fatigue experiments for the smooth rod specimens, sharp and blunt notched rod specimens were also conducted. Good agreement was achieved by comparing the predicted fatigue initiation life with the experiment results.
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Kalnaus, Sergiy, Feifei Fan, and Yanyao Jiang. "Fatigue and Cyclic Plasticity Properties of a Super-Austenitic Stainless Steel." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26478.

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Tension-compression, torsion and axial-torsion experiments were conducted on AL-6XN® alloy. The main goal was to investigate experimentally, in detail, the cyclic plasticity behavior as well as fatigue life of AL-6XN® steel. Details of cyclic stress-strain response were collected during the experiments, which can serve as a baseline for development of cyclic plasticity model for this material. Microscopic observations of cracking behavior conducted in the present study allow connecting the fracture mechanism with fatigue life prediction. It was observed, that fatigue life of this material is a function of the fracture mode (mixed or tensile). The mixed cracking was observed in the specimens tested under higher applied strain levels, while the tensile cracking was revealed in the tests under lower strain amplitudes. Strain-life curves of the specimens failed in mixed mode and of those failed in tensile mode run parallel to each other, but the specimens that exhibit mixed failure mode show lower fatigue life as compared to the tensile mode specimens. Transition between mixed and tensile cracking orientations was studied in detail. The results of the experimental work presented in this study can serve for design of fatigue models for this material in the future.
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Kaneko, K., and A. Ohmori. "Evaluation of the Fracture Strength of Thermal Sprayed Coatings with Cracks." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0240.

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Abstract Fracture strength of a WC-12Co thermal sprayed coating is investigated experimentally and analytically. In the experiments, a pair of coated butt cylindrical specimens is subjected to combined tension with torsion stresses. Stress distributions in the coating at critical loading conditions are analyzed by using FEM analysis and the fracture criterion of the coating is investigated. It is found that normal stress distributions are common to all cases of testing stress conditions and so fracture condition of the brittle coating is represented as K ≧ Kcr in the normal stress distribution even under mixed deformation mode I and III. By using the experimental method presented in this paper and the corresponding FEM analysis, an approximation for the critical bonding strength of a coating under shearing load can be estimated.
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Lu, Wei-Yang, and Helena Jin. "An Experimental Study of Ductile Failure Under Multi-Axial Loading." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28336.

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Recent experimental investigations show that most models are not able to capture the ductile behavior of metal alloys in the entire triaxiality range, especially at low triaxiality. Modelers are moving beyond stress triaxiality as the dominant indicator of material failure and developing constitutive models that incorporate shear into the evolution of the failure model. Available data that cover low triaxiality range are rare and a series of critical experiments is needed. Here, experiments of smooth thin as well as notched tubular specimens of Al6061-T651 under combined tension-torsion loading were conducted. This provides a very basic set of data for phenomenological models. A full-field deformation technique, digital image correlation (DIC), was applied to these tests to allow measurement of the field deformation, including the notched area. The microstructural features of the tested specimens were characterized to better understand the different failure mechanisms which led to ductility variation in the aluminum alloy.
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Sawai, N. P., R. B. Ingle, S. K. Patidar, R. S. Mahajan, and S. Raju. "Finite Element Modeling Strategy for Spot Welds in Thin-Walled Sections and Its Validation." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80816.

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The effects of spot weld model on the numerical simulation of spot welded closed top-hat section sheet metal beams subjected to quassistatic and impact loading conditions were investigated using coupled experimental-numerical approach. Strength tests were performed to find the stiffness curves of spot weld in lap-shear, cross-tension (opening load), in-plane rotation (torsion) and peel specimens. The specimens were made from plain carbon steel and high strength low alloy steel sheets of three representative thicknesses. The local weld properties obtained from these tests were used to model a spot weld using different element types available in LSDYNA. These models were used in the numerical simulation of the beams subjected to static and dynamic axial crushing and static bending. The results obtained from the numerical analyses were validated by experiments on spot welded top-hat section sheet metal beams.
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Laforte, Caroline, and Jean-Louis Laforte. "Tensile, Torsional and Bending Strain at the Adhesive Rupture of an Iced Substrate." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79458.

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In order to develop an effective deicing device using mechanical deformation of substrates, the adhesive and/or cohesive strains of ice at rupture were measured for three different modes of solicitation: tensile, twisting and bending. A total of 108 icing/deicing tests were conducted with aluminum and nylon samples covered with hard rime ice deposits 2, 5, and 10 mm thick strained at various strains rates in brittle regime at −10°C. Real time deformation was precisely monitored using a strain gage fixed to the A1 interface, and force by means of load cells and a torque-meter. Deicing strain was determined at the time of ice detachment, which corresponds to a visible, instant change in the slope of stress-strain curves. The mean values of deicing strains, ε %, measured in tensile, torsion and bending experiments are respectively, 0.037 ± 0.015%, 0.043 ± 0.023% and 0.004 ± 0.003% As for adhesion strength, the highest values were obtained in tension, 4 MPa ± 50%, and the lowest in bending, 0.014 MPa ± 36%. In torsion, the value was intermediary, at 1.26 MPa ± 67%. Measurements also showed that deicing stress and strain tended to increase with substrate roughness, whereas they decrease with increasing ice thicknesses. In summary, this work points out the effects of two major factors on ice adhesion strength, the solicitation mode and the ice thickness. Finally these results suggest that the first criteria for a mechanical deicing device has to satisfy to be effective is to have the capacity to generating a strain at around 0.04% ice/substrate interface.
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