Academic literature on the topic 'Tensile testing, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638'

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Journal articles on the topic "Tensile testing, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638"

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Subramani, Raja, S. Kaliappan, S. Sekar, Pravin P. Patil, R. Usha, Narapareddi Manasa, and E. S. Esakkiraj. "Polymer Filament Process Parameter Optimization with Mechanical Test and Morphology Analysis." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 3, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8259804.

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3D printing is one of the emerging technologies in the manufacturing sector, and polymer materials play a vital role in the raw material of the additive manufacturing sector. This research explores reducing the production time by testing and analyzing the microstructure of the different polylactic acid (PLA) filament polymer samples. For this purpose, 15 pieces of ASTM (American society for testing and materials) D638 tensile samples with polylactic acid (PLA) filaments have been used exclusively with five different sets of modified process parameters in slicing software of 3D printing technology. The results of this research reveal the best PLA filament FDM production method in terms of time, mechanical strength, and FESEM analysis comparing all the results.
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Markiz, Nassim, Eszter Horváth, and Péter Ficzere. "Influence of printing direction on 3D printed ABS specimens." Production Engineering Archives 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2020.26.24.

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AbstractIn the recent years, additive manufacturing became an interesting topic in many fields due to the ease of manufacturing complex objects. However, it is impossible to determine the mechanical properties of any additive manufacturing parts without testing them. In this work, the mechanical properties with focus on ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadi-ene styrene (ABS) specimens were investigated. The tensile tests were carried using Zwick Z005 loading machine with a capacity of 5KN according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard test methods for tensile properties of plastics. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of printing direction on the mechanical properties of the printed specimens. Thus, for each printing direction ( and ), five specimens were printed. Tensile testing of the 3D printed ABS specimens showed that the printing direction made the strongest specimen at an ultimate tensile strength of 22 MPa while at printing direction it showed 12 MPa. No influence on the modulus of elasticity was noticed. The experimental results are presented in the manuscript.
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Raja, S., Anant Prakash Agrawal, Pravin P Patil, P. Thimothy, Rey Y. Capangpangan, Piyush Singhal, and Mulugeta Tadesse Wotango. "Optimization of 3D Printing Process Parameters of Polylactic Acid Filament Based on the Mechanical Test." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022 (August 11, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5830869.

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The main objective of this research study is to optimize the printing parameters that can be used in the FDM (fusion deposition modeling) production method to obtain the lowest production time and best printing parameter of PLA (polylactic acid) filament with the tensile test. The printing parameter that can be used in FDM machines such as extruder temperature, bed temperature, layer height, printing speed, travel speed, infill, and shell count is taken into account for optimization. In addition, the tensile specimens from ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D638 standard were manufactured by PLA filament with the above-modified printing parameters. The best printing parameters for PLA products were found by the time recorded during production and tensile test results after production. Thus, through this research, one can find the best PLA filament printing parameters and their timing.
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Kazemi, M., and A. R. Rahimi. "Supports effect on tensile strength of the stereolithography parts." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2012-0118.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of the supports on tensile strength (TS) of stereolithography (SL) parts. Design/methodology/approach – The shape of specimens (tensile specimens) is according to the American Society Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard. Some parts have support trace on one side and some have support trace on both sides. To achieve this target, some parts are fabricated on other parts; therefore, support of the upper part is fabricated on upper face of lower part. Findings – Influences of supports traces on mechanical properties aren’t “zero”. Supports affect TS of SL parts by affecting surface roughness of parts. After experimentation and analyzing experimental results, it is concluded that the TS of the parts which have support on both sides is slightly lower than the parts which have support just on one side. Originality/value – This is the first attempt toward investigation of supports effects on the mechanical properties in SL parts.
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Kuclourya, Tanay, Mohit Kumar Jain, Shubham Mudliar, and Narendiranath Babu Thamba. "Statistical analysis and investigation of tensile test data of coir composites reinforced with graphene, epoxy and carbon fibre." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 10 (July 15, 2020): 1343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720939998.

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A successful attempt has been made to develop coir fibre composites reinforced with graphene, epoxy and carbon fibre. The carbon fibres were arranged in an intercalated manner, which is similar to the coir fibres. The percentage composition of graphene was varied as 1, 2, 4 and 6% by weight of the holding matrix. Suitable surface modifications were done by treating natural fibres by 5% NaOH and 0.3% KMnO4 for better adhesion of fibre and epoxy resin. Sonication and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide treatments were also done to achieve the fine scattering of graphene in the epoxy matrix in order to achieve better mechanical behaviour. Moulds were made as per D638 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The treated fibres were then arranged in the mould by the conventional hand layup technique. Tensile testing was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the composites. Two-way analysis of variance was used as a statistical tool to find the effect of parameters such as ‘Percentage composition of graphene’ and ‘Type of mould’ on the modulus of the composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was conducted to determine the interferential adhesion and homogeneous distribution of fibres in the composite matrix. At last, field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses were also done to the specimens before and after tensile testing to determine the morphology of different entities present in the composites.
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Othman, Mohd Hilmi, Hasan Sulaiman, N. M. Main, and L. Li. "Strength and Folding Performance of Polypropylene Packaging Samples in Hot Air and High Humidity Condition." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.241.

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This research was conducted to evaluate the strength and folding performance of polypropylene packaging samples, when exposed to hot air and high humidity condition. Three types of polypropylene samples were chosen, which were flat plastic, plastic with hinges, and plastic film. All of these samples were tested for tensile strength; except plastic with hinges that received additional test to evaluate the folding endurance. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard was applied to analyze the mechanical strength of these plastics. This standard was used to determine the value of stress, strain, and Young’s modulus. Each sample was exposed to different temperature settings, which were 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C for high humidity condition and 60°C, 65°C, and 70°C for hot air condition. As for the folding endurance test, the hot air temperatures were selected at 60°C, 65°C and 70°C and for the high humidity condition, the range of relative humidity were set at 50%, 55% and 60%. Based on the tensile test results, the values of stress and Young’s modulus were higher at higher humidity as compared with the values under hot air condition. However the strain value was the opposite of the stress and Young’s modulus, whereby the values started to deceive under high humidity condition, but kept on increasing under hot air condition. In folding endurance test, it was confirmed that the hinge performed better under hot air environment than high humidity. As the relative humidity increases, the average number of folding decreased from 3.00x106 to 2.89x106 cycles. In the other hand, thevalue of folding numbers increased from 3.34x106 to 3.37x106, with increasing temperature. In conclusion, through this performance analysis, the outcomes can be applied to other packaging materials and appliances, which are related to high temperature and high humidity condition.
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Sathish, S., T. Ganapathy, and Thiyagarajan Bhoopathy. "Experimental Testing on Hybrid Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.339.

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In recent trend, the most used fiber reinforced composite is the glass fiber composite. The glass-fiber composites have high strength and mechanical properties but it is costlier than sisal and jute fiber. Though the availability of the sisal and jute fiber is more, it cannot be used for high strength applications. A high strength-low cost fiber may serve the purpose. This project focuses on the experimental testing of hybrid composite materials. The hybrid composite materials are manufactured using three different fibers - sisal, glass and jute with epoxy resin with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 30:70. Four combinations of composite materials viz., sisal-epoxy, jute-epoxy, sisal-glass-epoxy and sisal-jute-epoxy are manufactured to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. The specimens are tested for their mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength in Universal Testing machine. The results are compared with that of the individual properties of the glass fiber, sisal fiber, jute fiber composite and improvements in the strength-weight ratio and mechanical properties are studied.
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Hernández-Gómez, Zaida Margelly, Edgar Mauricio Castillo-Robles, and Diego Andrés Campo-Ceballos. "Automation of the mechanical tensile and three-point flexural test." Visión electrónica 1, no. 2 (August 13, 2018): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22484728.18394.

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This paper presents the design and implementation of Mechanical system testing for tensile and three-point flexural test for both metallic and polymeric materials. A control and monitoring system was adapted to the data, using specialized equipment for industrial automation, i.e. PLC system. Main Parameters to perform the tensile and three point flexural tests, and the functional and technical specifications according to the ASTM (American Society of Testing Materials) standards were defined. Conceptual design, mathematical calculations and CAD designs were developed using Solidworks. Graphical user interfaces (GUI) were designed to interact with the user. Human machine interface (HMI) was implemented in proprietary software and includes rules for the supervision and manipulation of core variables for the user according to the ASTM standard. The HMI was interconnected with a programmable logic controller (PLC) where the process selection rules was implemented in GRAFCET diagram, following the ASTM protocols. The system has a test capacity of 500 Kgf both for the tensile test and for the three-point flexural test, with an accuracy of ± 2%, under the ASTM E177 standard, and the HMI interface as an innovative monitoring and control system.
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Liao, Wen-Cheng, Po-Shao Chen, Chung-Wen Hung, and Suyash Kishor Wagh. "An Innovative Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete by Applying the Strut-and-Tie Methodology." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122776.

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Tensile strength is one of the important mechanical properties of concrete, but it is difficult to measure accurately due to the brittle nature of concrete in tension. The three widely used test methods for measuring the tensile strength of concrete each have their shortcomings: the direct tension test equipment is not easy to set up, particularly for alignment, and there are no standard test specifications; the tensile strengths obtained from the test method of splitting tensile strength (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C496) and that of flexural strength of concrete (ASTM C78) are significantly different from the actual tensile strength owing to mechanisms of methodologies and test setup. The objective of this research is to develop a new concrete tensile strength test method that is easy to conduct and the result is close to the direct tension strength. By applying the strut-and-tie concept and modifying the experimental design of the ASTM C78, a new concrete tensile strength test method is proposed. The test results show that the concrete tensile strength obtained by this proposed method is close to the value obtained from the direct tension test for concrete with compressive strengths from 25 to 55 MPa. It shows that this innovative test method, which is precise and easy to conduct, can be an effective alternative for tensile strength of concrete.
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SALTAN, Mehmet, Öznur KARADAĞ, Gizem KAÇAROĞLU, İslam GOKALP, and Volkan Emre UZ. "SICAK KARIŞIM ASFALTIN OPTİMUM BİTÜM ORANI ÜZERİNE AGREGA ÖZGÜL AĞIRLIĞININ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ." Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1023895.

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In this study, effect of aggregate specific gravity, which is directly related to origin of aggregates used in hot mix asphalt on optimum bitumen content, indirect tensile strength and tensile strength ratio of hot mix asphalt, was investigated. Specific gravity (SG) values of one kind of limestone aggregate were calculated according to Turkish Standard (TS), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standards, separately. Although one kind of limestone aggregate and 50/70 penetration grade bitumen are used in the mixtures, different values were obtained in terms of optimum bitumen content, indirect tensile strength and moisture sensitivity due to differences in the specific gravity values of the aggregates. Optimum bitumen contents were found by using TS, ASTM and AASHTO standards as 5.03%, 4.75% and 4.59%, respectively. According to the cost – benefit analysis, it can be said that changes in aggregate specific gravity values, which were calculated, based on different standards provide economic benefit. Overall, the results indicated that specific gravity values of one kind of limestone aggregate used in hot mix asphalt have significantly affected optimum bitumen content and indirect tensile strength of the mixtures.
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Book chapters on the topic "Tensile testing, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638"

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Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, Alejandro Lira-Martínez, Marianggy Gomez-Avila, Jesús M. Jaquez-Muñoz, Miguel Angel Baltazar-Zamora, Laura Landa-Ruiz, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Francisco Estupiñan-López, and Facundo Almeraya-Calderón. "Delamination and Tensile Effect of Fine z-Binder Reinforced on Fiberglass/Polyester Composite for Aerospace Applications." In Next Generation Fiber-Reinforced Composites - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106927.

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Delamination propagation in laminated composite materials is a common issue that always concerns us when we consider composites for structural purpose. Many possible solutions have been studied; the most famous is the three-dimensional (3D) woven composites materials, which have promising interlaminar fracture resistance but at the cost of increasing density, which for aerospace industry is very important. In this chapter, mode 1 double cantilever beam (DCB) interlaminar fracture toughness tests according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5528 standard were performed on composite specimens made of E-Glass Saertex 830 g/m2 Biaxial (+/−45°) with Sypol 8086 CCP polyester resin with orthogonal z-axis oriented yarn woven of 0.22 mm diameter nylon monofilament. Four specimens were made with a longitudinal distance between the warp binders of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 cm, respectively. A tensile test according to the ASTM D3039 standard was performed to study how z-binder may affect tensile resistance. The results show a considerable increase in interlaminar fracture toughness, several stress concentrators have been created because of the new yarn and premature failure in the matrix.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tensile testing, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638"

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Hurst, Janet B., William S. Hong, Mary L. Gambone, and John R. Porter. "ASTM Single Fiber Room Temperature Test Standard Development." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-567.

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Development of an updated single filament test standard for tensile strength determination has been undertaken by a joint government-industry task group under the auspices of the Subcommittee C28.07 of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). This update was initiated in response to a need expressed by people involved with fiber testing. A fiber testing workshop in 1991 attracted a wide range of attendees with concerns regarding the uniformity of testing methods and comparability of resulting data in the fiber literature. With the inception of a C28.07.07 Task Group for Ceramic Fibers, an effort to conduct round robin testing was begun among interested government and industrial test facilities. User surveys and discussion groups were also employed to determine areas of concern with the current standard test method, ASTM D 3379-75. Shortcomings in the current standard were identified and methods of addressing these areas were discussed with experts including fiber manufacturers, testing facilities and composite manufacturers. Among the main concerns was the method and application of fiber diameter measurements.
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BIEDERMAN, ERIC, ATHINA BELLONIA, SHADI SHARITNIA, DORRIN JARRAHBASHI, AMIR ASADI, and KYRIAKI KALAITZIDOU. "LIGHTWEIGHT APPROACH TO SMC COMPOSITES: NANOCELLULOSE COATED GLASS FIBER FABRIC." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36417.

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The focus of this study is to investigate how to lightweight SMC composites for automotive applications without compromising their performance. This is accomplished by replacing, at least partially, the heaviest materials such as the glass fibers (GF) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with nanocellulose or nanoclays. In addition, the chopped glass fibers are replaced by glass fabric in order to better control the location and orientation of the glass fiber reinforcement and thus engineer the mechanical properties. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is used as the resin, and a pilot scale sheet molding compounds (SMC) is used to make the SMC. The composites are made by stacking plies of SMC layers in a mold, after appropriate conditioning of the SMC, and compression molding. The properties of interest are the tensile and flexural modulus and strength according to the corresponding ASTM standards and the density of the composites. The void content is also determined using acid digestion and scanning electron microscopy. The main goal is to replace traditional chopped glass fibers (GF) used in SMC with unidirectional glass fabric coated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The reasoning is to enhance properties with a better UPR/GF interface and controlled fiber orientation while reducing density. The glass fiber fabric is coated with nanocellulose using a scalable spraying technique that leads to homogeneous coatings. The four different glass fiber fabrics that were used in this study vary in CNC coating amount. To understand the effect of the nanocellulose, the glass fiber content of all composite formulations was kept constant at about 30 vol%. In addition, to determine the mechanical properties of the composites, the viscosity was verified for all formulations to ensure processability using the SMC pilot line. SEM micrographs show the quality of the CNC coating on the glass fiber fabric. Water uptake of all composites was also determined. The expected results address design, processing, and testing challenges, and successes and failures. The question to be addressed is whether CNC coated fabric is significantly advantageous for SMC compared to randomly oriented, chopped GF.
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Paik, Jeom Kee, Bong Ju Kim, Sung Kuk Park, Do Kyun Kim, Chang Hee Park, Dong Hee Park, and Bong Suk Jang. "On the Crashworthiness of Steel-Plated Structures in an Arctic Environment: An Experimental and Numerical Study." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20760.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the crashworthiness characteristics of steel-plated structures subject to low temperatures that are equivalent to the Arctic environment. Structural crashworthiness with regard to crushing and fracture is a key element in the strength performance assessment of ship collisions in the Arctic, which provides the primary motivation for the study. This article is a sequel to the authors’ previous paper [1]. In contrast to the previous paper, which dealt with test structures made of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) A500-type carbon steel with the wall slenderness coefficient (b/t) of 37.5, the present paper considers grade A steel with the wall slenderness coefficient (b/t) of 25. Crushing tests are undertaken on square tubes subject to a quasi-static crushing load at both room and low temperatures. The effect of low temperatures on the material properties is examined on the basis of tensile coupon test results. The crushing behavior of the square tubes in this test is compared with LS-DYNA computations. It is found that low temperatures have a significant effect on the crashworthiness of steel-plated structures in terms of mean crushing loads and brittle fracture. The use of grade A steel for ships and offshore structures in an Arctic environment is not relevant. The modeling techniques for the structural crashworthiness analysis presented in this paper are found to be pertinent by comparison with experimental results and nonlinear finite element method computations. It is suggested that the collision-accidental limit state design of ships intended to operate in the Arctic region be carried out by taking the effect of low temperatures into account.
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