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Academic literature on the topic 'Tensile strength of rock'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tensile strength of rock"

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Gao, Min, Zhengzhao Liang, Shanpo Jia, and Jiuqun Zou. "Tensile Properties and Tensile Failure Criteria of Layered Rocks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 6063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126063.

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Rocks are less resistant to tension than to compression or shear. Tension cracks commonly initiate compression or shear failure. The mechanical behavior of layered rocks under compression has been studied extensively, whereas the tensile behavior still remains uncertain. In this paper, we study the effect of layer orientation on the strength and failure patterns of layered rocks under direct and indirect tension through experimental and numerical testing (RFPA2D: numerical software of Rock Failure Process Analysis). The results suggest that the dip angle of the bedding planes significantly affects the tensile strength, failure patterns, and progressive deformation of layered rocks. The failure modes of the layered specimens indicate that the tensile strength obtained by the Brazilian disc test is not as accurate as that obtained by the direct tension test. Therefore, the modified Single Plane of Weakness (MSPW) failure criterion is proposed to predict the tensile strength of the layered rocks based on the failure modes of direct tension. The analytical predictions of the MSPW failure criterion agrees closely with the experimental and numerical results. In rock engineering, the MSPW failure criterion can conveniently predict the tensile strength and reflect the failure modes of layered rocks (such as shale, slate, and layered sandstone) with satisfactory accuracy.
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Mohammed, Ahmed, and Wael Mahmood. "Statistical Variations and New Correlation Models to Predict the Mechanical Behavior and Ultimate Shear Strength of Gypsum Rock." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (August 11, 2018): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0026.

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Abstract In this study, over 1000 data from the several research studies was used to characterize and compare the density, strengths, modulus, flexural strength, porosity and the ultimate shear strengths of the calcium rocks. The gypsum rock data were statistically analyzed, quantified and compared with the limestone rock data. The ranges of the densities for gypsum rock (CaSO4·2H2O) and limestone rock (CaCO3) were 2.10 to 2.83 gm/cm3 and 1.70 to 2.75 gm/cm3, respectively. The compressive and tensile strengths of the gypsum and limestone rocks varied from 2 MPa to 250 MPa and 1.8 MPa to 25 MPa, respectively. Vipulanandan correlation model was effective in relating the modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, with the relevant strengths of the rocks. A new nonlinear Vipulanandan failure criterion was developed to better quantify the tensile strength, pure shear (cohesion) strength and predict the maximum shear strength limit with applied normal stress on the gypsum and limestone rocks. The prediction of the failure models for the two rock types was also compared to the Mohr-Coulomb failure model. The Vipulanandan failure model predicted the maximum shear strength limit was, as the Mohr-Coulomb failure model does not have a limit on the maximum shear strength. With the Vipulanandan failure model based on the available data, the maximum shear strengths predicted for the gypsum and limestone rocks were 64 MPa and 114 MPa, respectively.
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Nath, Fatick, Peter E. Salvati, Mehdi Mokhtari, Abdennour Seibi, and Asadollah Hayatdavoudi. "Laboratory Investigation of Dynamic Strain Development in Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks Under Diametrical Compression Using Digital-Image Correlation." SPE Journal 24, no. 01 (November 29, 2018): 254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187515-pa.

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Summary Understanding the mechanical behavior (compression, shear, or tension) of rocks plays an important role in wellbore-stability design and hydraulic-fracturing optimization. Among rock mechanical properties, strain is a critical parameter describing rock deformation under stress with respect to its original condition, yet conventional methods for strain measurement have several deficiencies. In this paper, we analyze the application of the optical method digital-image correlation (DIC) to provide detailed information regarding fracture patterns and dynamic strain development under Brazilian testing conditions. The effects of porosity, rock type, lamination, and saturation (freshwater and brine) on indirect tensile strength are also discussed. To examine the effect of rock type, 60 samples of sandstone (Parker, Nugget, and Berea) and carbonate rocks (Winterset Limestone, Silurian Dolomite, Edwards Brown Carbonate, and Austin Chalk) were tested under dry and saturated conditions with regard to lamination angle in laminated samples. A photogrammetry system was used to monitor the samples in a noncontact manner while conducting the indirect tensile experiment. DIC depends on the photogrammetry system, which helps to visualize and examine rock-fracture patterns from the recorded images of the rock before and after deformation by assessing the strain development in samples. The experimental results show the following. Average tensile strength declines with increasing porosity for homogeneous, laminated, and heterogeneous rock specimens. Lower tensile strengths are observed in carbonate-rock samples compared with sandstones, except for Silurian Dolomite. Saturation reduces rock strength; for homogeneous samples, the highest strength decline (28%) was observed in Berea Sandstone, whereas the largest decrease (65%) for heterogeneous samples was observed in fully heterogeneous Edwards Brown Carbonate samples. Increase of lamination angle (from 0 to 90°) affects the tensile strength. Average tensile strength observed for the Parker and Nugget Sandstones was greater in the direction perpendicular to the lamination direction (θ = 90°) compared with that of the parallel direction (θ = 0°). Fracture patterns examined for homogeneous rocks are nearly centrally propagated and relatively linear. Three different fracture patterns (central fracture, layer activation, and noncentral or mixed mode) were investigated for laminated and heterogeneous samples. Finally, DIC results illustrated the fracture creation and propagation with consistent strain mapping. The homogeneous samples produced a uniform fracture strain until the diametrical split, where the laminated samples were influenced by planes of weakness and fully heterogeneous anisotropic rocks produced winding and erratic fractures.
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Mohammadabadi, Behzad Jafari, Kourosh Shahriar, Hossein Jalalifar, and Kaveh Ahangari. "AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF MICRO-PARAMETERS ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ROCK." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 36, no. 1 (2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2021.1.9.

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Rocks are formed from particles and the interaction between those particles controls the behaviour of a rock’s mechanical properties. Since it is very important to conduct extensive studies about the relationship between the micro-parameters and macro-parameters of rock, this paper investigates the effects of some micro-parameters on strength properties and the behaviour of cracks in rock. This is carried out by using numerical simulation of an extensive series of Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) tests. The micro-parameters included the particles’ contact modulus, the contact stiff ness ratio, bond cohesion, bond tensile strength, the friction coefficient and the friction angle, and the mechanical properties of chromite rock have been considered as base values of the investigation. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the most important micro-parameters on the behaviour of rock in the compressive state are bond cohesion, bond tensile strength, and the friction coefficient. Also, the bond tensile strength showed the largest effect under tensile conditions. The micro-parameter of bond tensile strength increased the rock tensile strength (up to 5 times), minimized destructive cracks and increased the corresponding strain (almost 2.5 times) during critical stress.
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Mohammed, Diyari A., and Younis M. Alshkane. "Tensile Strength Modeling of Limestone Rocks in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq Using Simple Tests." Polytechnic Journal 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v9n2y2019.pp149-155.

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Tensile strength of rocks is one of the mechanical properties of intact rock that is a significant parameter for designing geotechnical structures includes dam foundations and tunnels. The tensile strength can be determined indirectly using Brazilian indirect test procedure that is mentioned in the International Society for Rock Mechanics suggested methods. The availability of rock samples is needed to perform the Brazilian indirect test so as to determine their tensile strength which is expensive, time-consuming, and cost-effective especially for weak quality rock formations. Therefore, non-destructive methods for predicting the tensile strength of the rock are crucially needed during the poor quality of rock samples. Non-destructive tests can be correlated with indirect tests to predict Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) of rocks such as ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer. These methods are simple and can be easily conducted in the field. This study is focused on the tensile strength of limestone rocks for three main formations of Sulaymaniyah city. The samples were obtained using a standard core barrel. Statistical analysis including minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, variance, and coefficient of variance for the results was conducted. Single and multiple correlations between BTS and each of ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer rebound number of limestone rocks were created. Reasonable empirical equations were developed to predict the tensile strength of limestone rocks. In addition, the point load strength index was correlated with BTS. The comparison between proposed equations from this study and equation from the literature was also investigated.
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Huang, Zhengjun, Ying Zhang, Yuan Li, Dong Zhang, Tong Yang, and Zhili Sui. "Determining Tensile Strength of Rock by the Direct Tensile, Brazilian Splitting, and Three-Point Bending Methods: A Comparative Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 2, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5519230.

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To accurately obtain the tensile strength of rock and fully understand the evolution process of rock failure is one of the key issues to the research of rock mechanics theories and rock mass engineering applications. Using direct tensile, Brazilian splitting, and three-point bending test methods, we performed indoor and numerical simulation experiments on marble, granite, and diabase and investigated the tensile strength and damage evolution process of several typical rocks in the three different tests. Our experiments demonstrate that (1) the strength is about 10% greater in the Brazilian splitting than in the direct tensile, while the tensile modulus is lower; it is the highest in the three-point bending, which is actually subjected to the bending moment and suggested as one of the indexes to evaluate the tensile strength of rock; (2) the strength in splitting tests is strikingly different, while the strain law is basically similar; the direct tensile test with precut slits is more attainable than that with no-cut slits, with an uninfluenced strength; (3) the failure modes of rocks using different methods are featured by different lithology, while their final modes are basically the same under the same method; (4) PFC and RFPA numerical simulation tests are effective to analyze the internal crack multiplication and acoustic emission changes in the rock as well as the damage evolution process of rock in different tests.
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Yao, Wei, Kaiwen Xia, and Ajay Kumar Jha. "Experimental study of dynamic bending failure of Laurentian granite: loading rate and pre-load effects." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 2 (February 2019): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0707.

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In deep underground rock engineering projects, rocks are under static pre-load and they may further experience dynamic load due to earthquakes or production blasts. It is thus desirable to consider dynamic failure of rocks subjected to static pre-load. Besides, bending load is commonly encountered near underground openings. Therefore, this study considers the effect of the pre-load on the dynamic bending strength of Laurentian granite (LG). Using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar system, the semi-circular bend (SCB) method is applied to carry out the bending tests. Five groups of SCB specimens are tested under different pre-loads and loading rates. The results show that under a given pre-load, the flexural tensile strength of LG increases with the loading rate, and decreases with the static pre-load at a given loading rate. The total flexural tensile strength is roughly independent of the pre-load. An empirical equation is used to represent the effects of the loading rate and the pre-load force on the dynamic flexural tensile strength. Furthermore, the flexural tensile strengths measured from SCB tests have higher values than the tensile strengths measured using the Brazilian disc method for the same rock. A nonlocal failure theory is utilized to quantitatively interpret this discrepancy.
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Muñiz-Menéndez, Mauro, and Ignacio Pérez-Rey. "Intact rock deformation bimodularity: an experimental study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012041.

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Abstract Rock deformability under tensile stresses plays an important role in different scenarios like, e.g., in the mechanical behaviour of roofs in underground openings, hydraulic fracturing, dilatometer tests performed in massive rock masses or in tensile strength tests. Different authors have proved that the tensile deformation modulus of the intact rock can be significantly different than that obtained under compressive load, being this so-called ‘bimodularity’ often ignored. In this work, we present preliminary results from uniaxial compressive and tensile strength tests carried out in three rocks with a testing apparatus recently modified to be able to perform both types of tests. Experimental results show that the deformational behaviour of the rocks studied is dependent on the type of load applied. The present work aims at contributing to a better understanding of the deformational behaviour of rocks, in particular when subjected to uniaxial tensile loads as well as in dealing with future updates of existing test methodologies.
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Tomiczek, K. "A study of rock response to failure in the context of the bending properties and comparison with uniaxial tensile and compression behaviour." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1049, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1049/1/012010.

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Abstract The phenomenon of rock bending occurs during underground exploitation, construction of underground excavations and tunnels, and even rising heading – shafts. It is also common in building engineering, e.g., in the case of floors. Rocks and concretes as granular materials on the aggregate scale are fractured as a result of exceeding shear and tensile strength. In a complex state of stress – bending, crack propagation occurs from tensioned to compressed fibres. Three-point bending tests of medium-grained quasi homogeneous and isotropic sandstone were tested for strength and deformation properties of rocks. The E deformability modules for compressed and tensioned fibres as well as strains at failure were determined. The results of three-point bending were compared with the results of uniaxial compression and direct tension. Clear differences were found in the values of strengths, moduli of deformation and strains at failure. The bending strength B of about 9.5MPa is almost 3 times greater than the direct tensile strength σT of about 3.2MPa and is 1/10 of the ultimate uniaxial compression strength σC . With three-point bending, the values of the moduli E are equal to: for tensioned fibres about 6.7GPa, for compressed fibres 14.6GPa; in uniaxial compression tests about 13.0GPa and in direct tensile tests 4.8GPa. Rock material was also failure at various strains values at the ultimate strength. In the case of three-point bending tests, the strains at failure were equal to: for tensioned fibres about 0.125%, and for compressed fibres 0.065%; in uniaxial compression tests εz were equal to about 0.63% and in direct tension tests 0.07%.
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Li, Shengwei, Cunbao Li, Wei Yao, Ru Zhang, Jing Xie, Junchen Zhang, Qiang Liu, and Zhaopeng Zhang. "Impact of wetting-drying cycles on dynamic tensile strength of rock." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 3 (2019): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180411115l.

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To study the effect of wetting-drying cycles on dynamic tensile strength of rock, dynamic indirect tension test of sandstone samples after 0, 1, 3, and 5 wetting-drying cycles was conducted. Tensile failure was observed by digital image correlation. The result shows that failure appears in the center of the samples initially, consistent with tensile strain field results obtained by digital image correlation. An empirical formula was derived to link loading rate and dynamic tensile strength of rock after wetting-drying cycles. As the loading rate increases, tensile strength increases significantly. Tensile strength reduces as the number of wetting-drying cycles increases. These results provide reference data for complex engineering problems such as those that occur in coal mining, tunneling and water conservancy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tensile strength of rock"

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Shang, Junlong. "Persistence and tensile strength of incipient rock discontinuities." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15527/.

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Rock discontinuities are fundamentally important to most rock engineering projects but predicting or measuring their properties such as roughness, aperture, shape and extent (persistence) are fraught with difficulty. So far the solution of how to measure or predict persistence is poorly researched partly because the concept of how to investigate the extent of rock discontinuities within a rock mass seems intractable, by any economical methods. In the majority of engineering applications it is a fairly widespread practice to follow a conventional approach, assuming a 100% persistence value. However that is certainly incorrect even if usually a conservative assumption. This project is a small step towards resolving this issue. A series of laboratory and field research activities were carried out to investigate incipient nature of rock discontinuities and the extent of rock bridges. Uniaxial tensile strength of incipient discontinuities was quantified in the laboratory using cylindrical rock samples. The tested samples included incipient joints, mineral veins and bedding. It has been confirmed that such visible yet incipient features can have high tensile strength, approaching that of the parent rock. Factors contributing to the tensile strength of incipient rock discontinuities have been investigated. It is concluded that the degree of incipiency of rock discontinuities is an important factor that should be differentiated as part of the process of rock mass classification to inform more realistic engineering design and that this might best be done with reference to the tensile strength relative to that of the parent rock. An original methodology has been developed in the laboratory using expansive chemical splitters in drillholes, to quantify the tensile strength of large-scale incipient rock joints. In these tests, smaller tensile strengths were obtained, which probably was the result of localised stress concentration, low pressurization rate and unavoidable variations of expansive tensile force arising from the chemical splitter. A technique ‘Forensic Excavation of Incipient Rock Discontinuities (FEIRD)’ was established and employed to investigate areal extent and incipient nature of discontinuities in the field. Large rock blocks, containing incipient features, were split using similar expansive grout techniques as developed in the laboratory. Test results were interpreted and discussed with respect to fracture mechanics, fractographic features (such as hackle and rib marks), as well as geological conditions affecting the incipiency of the tested discontinuities including degree and extent of weathering and mineralisation. One common observation from the tests conducted is that breakage of non-persistent sections of incipient rock joints (rock bridges) leads to the development of rough surfaces over those freshly broken areas, and this may have implications for rock fracture development more generally. Despite rock bridge failure (say as part of rock slope mass movement), the freshly formed surfaces might be expected to have relatively high strength compared to the pre-existing persistent sections. An important conclusion from this research is that areal extent of open rock discontinuities (persistence) can be investigated realistically using the FEIRD technique. It has been found that estimates of persistence from trace mapping on rock exposures can be wildly inaccurate and it is concluded that field studies using FEIRD techniques (perhaps at a larger scale than used for this research to date) can be used to understand and quantify better the true nature of rock mass fracture network connectivity and extent that are important parameters for many rock engineering endeavours.
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Simpson, Nathaniel Denis John. "An analysis of tensile strength, fracture initiation and propagation in anisotropic rock (gas shale) using Brazilian tests equipped with high speed video and acoustic emission." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24284.

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This study attempts to further our knowledge of fracture behaviour by establishing an experimental system that links tensile strength, fracture initiation and propagation of an anisotropic rock (Mancos Shale) using an integrated Brazilian Test Setup equipped with Acoustic Emission and High Speed Video. The unique experimental conguration was applied to an anisotropic gas shale (Mancos Shale) in addition to other petroleum related reservoir rocks (such as sandstone and chalk). The variation in tensile strength, fracture initiation location, propagation time and the failure pattern are examined as a function between the layer plane and the loading direction. A time shift was shown to exist between the time at ultimate tensile stress and the time at fracture initiation. This phenomenon has been dubbed the Naet Shift.
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Andersson, J. Christer. "Rock Mass Response to Coupled Mechanical Thermal Loading : Äspö Pillar Stability Experiment, Sweden." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4287.

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The geological disposal of nuclear waste, in underground openings and the long-term performance of these openings demand a detailed understanding of fundamental rock mechanics. A full scale field experiment: Äspö Pillar Stability Experiment was conducted at a depth of 450 m in sparsely fractured granitic rock to examine the rock mass response between two deposition holes. An oval shaped tunnel was excavated parallel to the σ3 direction to provide access to the experiment and also provide elevated stress magnitudes in the floor. In the tunnel floor two 1.75-m diameter 6-m deep boreholes were excavated so that a 1-m thick pillar was created between them. In one of the holes a confinement pressure of 700 kPa was applied and in the other displacement transducers were installed. The pillar volume was monitored by an Acoustic Emission System. Spatially distributed thermocouples were used to monitor the temperature development as the pillar was heated by electrical heaters. The excavation-induced stress together with the thermal-induced stress was sufficient to cause the wall of the open borehole to yield. The temperature-induced stress was increased slowly to enable detailed studies of the rock mass yielding process. Once the rock mass loading response was observed, the rock mass was unloaded using a de-stress slotting technique. This thesis focuses on the in-situ study of the rock mass response to coupled mechanical thermal loading and thermal-mechanical unloading. The experiment, its design, monitoring and observations are thoroughly described. An estimate of the yielding strength of the rock mass is presented and compared with laboratory test and results from other rock mass conditions reported elsewhere in the open literature. General conclusions about the effect of the confining pressure and the observations from the unloading of the pillar are also presented. Important findings are that the yielding strength of the rock mass has been successfully determined, low confinement pressures significantly affects the onset of yielding, the primary mode of fracture initiation and propagation is extensional, no significant time dependency of the yielding process was observed. The unloading studies also indicated that what appeared to be shear bands likely was a propagating zone of extensile failure that weakened the rock so that displacements in the shear direction could occur.

QC 20100622

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Dinh, Quoc Dan. "Brazilian test on anisotropic rocks." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-76331.

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The present work describes investigations on the anisotropic strength behavior of rocks in the splitting tensile test (Brazilian test). Three transversely isotropic rocks (gneiss, slate and sandstone) were studied in the Lab. A total of more than 550 indirect tensile strength tests were conducted, with emphasis was placed on the investigation of the influence of the spatial position of anisotropic weakness plane to the direction of the load on the fracture strength and fracture or fracture mode. In parallel, analytical solutions were evaluated for stress distribution and developed 3D numerical models to study the stress distribution and the fracture mode at the transversely isotropic disc. There were new findings on the fracture mode of crack propagation, the influence of the disc thickness, the influence of the applying loading angle and angle of the loading-foliation for transversely isotropic material
Inhalt der Arbeit sind Untersuchungen zum anisotropen Festigkeitsverhalten von Gesteinen beim Spaltzugversuch (Brazilian Test). Laborativ wurden drei transversalisotrope Gesteine (Granit, Schiefer und Sandstein) untersucht. Insgesamt wurden mehr als 550 Spaltzugversuche durchgeführt, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf die Untersuchung des Einflusses der räumlichen Lage der Anisotropieebene zur Richtung des Lasteintrages auf die Bruchfestigkeit und das Bruchbild bzw. den Bruchmodus gelegt wurde. Parallel dazu wurden analytische Lösungen zur Spannungsverteilung ausgewertet sowie numerische 3D-Modelle entwickelt, um die Spannungsverteilung sowie den Bruchmodus bei einer transversalisotropen Scheibe zu untersuchen. Es wurden neue Erkenntnisse zum Bruchmodus, der Rissausbreitung, des Einflusses der Scheibendicke, dem Einfluss des Lasteinleitungswinkel sowie des Winkels Lasteintrag - Anisotropieebene für transversalisotropes Material gewonnen
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Yin, Penghai. "Tensile Strength of Unsaturated Soils." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41841.

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Desiccation-induced soil cracking is of significant interest in several engineering disciplines, which include geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, mining engineering, and agriculture engineering. The hydraulic, mechanical, thermal and other physico-chemical properties of unsaturated soils can be predominantly influenced due to cracks. Reliable information of these properties is required for the rational design and maintenance of earth structures taking account of the influence the soil-atmosphere interactions (e.g., for expansive soil slopes, earth dams, and embankments). In spite of significant research studies published in the literature on the desiccation-induced cracks during the past century, the fundamental mechanism of crack initiation and propagation of soils induced by drying and shrinkage is still elusive. For this reason, the focus of this thesis is directed towards understanding the tensile strength of unsaturated soils which is associated with soil crack initiation criterion (i.e. maximum tensile stress criterion). Tensile strength is the key property of soils for interpreting the initiation of soil cracking from a macroscopic point of view. A semi-empirical model is proposed for predicting the tensile strength of unsaturated cohesionless soils taking into account the effect of both the negative pore-water pressure in saturated pores and the air-water interfacial surface tension in unsaturated pores. The proposed model is calibrated and validated by providing comparisons between the model predictions and the experimental measurements on 10 cohesionless soils (i.e. five sandy soils and five silty soils) published in the literature. The proposed model is simple and requires only the information of Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) and Grain Size Distribution curve (GSD), which can be obtained from conventional laboratory tests. To investigate the influence of microstructure, a practical and reliable estimation approach for predicting the evolution of the microstructural void ratio of compacted clayey soils subjected to wetting and drying paths is proposed. The microstructural evolution of 13 examined soils were investigated quantitatively using the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) results. The investigated soils include four high-plasticity clays, eight low-plasticity clays and a glacial till which is a relatively coarse-grained soil with some fines. Based on this study, a novel criterion has been developed for identifying different pore populations of compacted clayey soils. The “as-compacted state line” (ACSL) was proposed to estimate the initial microstructural void ratio based on the compaction water ratio. A constitutive stress is derived to interpret and predict the volumetric deformation of compacted clay aggregates. The linear elastic constitutive model is used for predicting the microstructural void ratio of the examined compacted soils following monotonic wetting and drying paths. The developed approach (i.e. the ACSL and the linear elastic constitutive model) is validated by providing comparisons between the predicted and interpreted microstructural void ratios for all the examined soils. In addition to the matric suction and microstructure, the confining pressure also influences the tensile strength of unsaturated compacted clayey soils. The tensile strength tests on a compacted clayey soil by both the direct method (i.e. triaxial tensile test) and the indirect method (i.e. Brazilian split test) were performed. It is found that the tensile strength increases as the compaction water content decreases for the range investigated in this study, which could be explained by the variation of the inter-aggregated capillary bonding force and the change in microstructure. The increase in the confining pressure has been found to induce the change in failure mode (i.e. from pure tensile failure mode to combined tensile-shear failure mode). In spite of limitations associated with the Brazilian split test, tensile strength is widely determined using this test due to the simple procedure of specimen preparation and wide availability of test equipment in conventional laboratories. However, the Brazilian tensile strength is found to overestimate the tensile strength of compacted specimens with water content greater than the plastic limit. This is due to the considerable plastic deformation associated with the ductile failure instead of brittle failure. In summary, this thesis is devoted to providing insight into the fundamental mechanisms associated with the desiccation-induced crack initiation by quantitatively investigating the various factors that influence the tensile strength of unsaturated soils, which include the matric suction, the microstructure, and the confining pressure from theoretical studies and laboratory investigations.
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Huang, Jian. "The Tensile Strength of Liquid Nitrogen." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1134.

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The tensile strength or the negative pressure required to induce cavitation in a pure liquid has been a puzzling subject. On one hand, the classical nucleation theory has met great success in predicting the nucleation rates of superheated liquids. On the other hand, most of reported experimental values of the tensile strength for different liquids are far below the prediction from the classical nucleation theory. In this study, homogeneous nucleation in liquid nitrogen and its tensile strength have been investigated. In order to carry out the measurement of the tensile strength of liquid nitrogen, different approaches for determining the pressure amplitude were studied carefully. It is shown that Raman-Nath theory, as modified by the introduction of an effective interaction length, can be used to determine the pressure amplitude in the focal plane of a focusing ultrasonic transducer. The results obtained from different diffraction orders are consistent and in good agreement with other approaches including Debye's theory and solving the KZK (Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov) equation. The results from experiments in water demonstrated that as long as the nonlinearity is not too large, the experimentally determined pressure follows closely the calculated results using either Debye's theory or the KZK equation. In addition, the light diffraction contains enough information to calculate the second-order harmonic in the sound wave. In principle, it is possible that the contribution to the acoustic wave of the higher than the second-order harmonic can be obtained. The measurement of the tensile strength was carried out in a high pressure stainless steel dewar. A High intensity ultrasonic wave was focused into a small volume of liquid nitrogen in a short time period. A probe laser beam passes through the focal region of a concave spherical transducer with small aperture angle and the transmitted light is detected with a photodiode. When the voltage on the transducer reaches a critical point, nucleation in the focal region occurs and a characteristic signal associated with the nucleation was obtained. At this moment, the pressure amplitude at the focus is calculated based on the acoustic power radiated into the liquid. In the experiment, the electrical signal on the transducer is gated at its resonance frequency with gate widths of 20 ~s to 0.2 ms and temperature range from 77 K to near 100 K. The calculated pressure amplitude is in agreement with the prediction of classical nucleation theory for the nucleation rates from 106 to lOll (bubbles/cm3 sec). This work enhances our understanding of the nucleation process in liquids. It provides the direct experimental support that the validity of the classical nucleation theory can be extended to the region of the negative pressure up to 90 atm. This is only the second cryogenic liquid to reach the tensile strength predicted from the classical nucleation theory.
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Baltodano-Goulding, Rafael. "Tensile strength, shear strength, and effective stress for unsaturated sand." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4364.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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McClain, Michael Patrick. "A micromechanical model for predicting tensile strength." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10052007-143117/.

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Nissen, Joel Alan. "The Tensile Strength of Liquid Helium Four." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1357.

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It is well known that most liquids exhibit a tensile strength which is much smaller in magnitude than the tensile strength predicted by homogeneous nucleation theory. This lack of agreement is usually attributed to the difficulty of preparing liquid samples free from foreign gases which act as heterogeneous nucleation sites. Liquid helium occupies a unique place among liquids for tensile strength measurements because all foreign gases are frozen out at liquid helium temperatures. Furthermore, superfluid 4He should fill all crevices on solid surfaces, eliminating the chance of heterogeneous nucleation on helium vapor pockets. Despite the quantum mechanical nature of liquid helium, Becker-Doring theory of nucleation of the vapor phase from the liquid phase should be valid down to 0.3 K in 4 He, yet previous results have been in stark disagreement with the theory. In this study, a piezoelectric transducer in the form of a hemispherical shell was used to focus high-intensity ultrasound into a small volume of 4He . The transducer was gated at its resonant frequency of 566 kHz with gate widths of less than 1 msec in order to minimize the effects of transducer heating and acoustic streaming. The onset of nucleation was detected from the absorption of acoustic energy and the scattering of laser light from microscopic bubbles. A new theory for the diffraction of light from the focal zone of a spherical converging sound wave was developed to confirm calculations of the acoustic pressure amplitude at the focus of the piezoelectric transducer, calculations which were based on the acoustic power radiated into the liquid and the nonlinear absorption of sound. The experimental results were in agreement with homogeneous nucleation theory for a nucleation rate of approximately 1015 critical size bubbles/sec-cm3. This is only the third liquid for which the theoretical tensile strength has been reached and it confirms homogeneous nucleation theory over a range three times greater than any other experiment. A noticeable decrease in the magnitude of the tensile strength was noted at temperatures near the lambda transition and a hypothesis that bubbles are being nucleated heterogeneously quantized vortices is presented.
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Yamaguchi, Takashi. "Fundamental Study on High Strength Bolted Tensile Joints." Kyoto University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/160789.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第6407号
工博第1504号
新制||工||1025(附属図書館)
UT51-96-F286
京都大学大学院工学研究科土木工学専攻
(主査)教授 渡邊 英一, 教授 小林 昭一, 教授 土岐 憲三
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Books on the topic "Tensile strength of rock"

1

Poon, C. Tensile fracture of notched composite laminates. Ottawa, Ont: National Research Council Canada, 1991.

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Carli, Charles G. Tensile and compressive MOE of flakeboards. [Madison, Wis.?: U.S. Forest Service, 1988.

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Kruenate, Jittiporn. Investigation of the tensile strength of crosslinked thermoplastic materials. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Showalter, K. L. Effect of length on tensile strength in structural lumber. [Madison, WI]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1987.

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Bansal, Narottam P. Effects of HF treatments on tensile strength of hi-nicalon fibers. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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Bansal, Narottam P. Effects of HF treatments on tensile strength of hi-nicalon fibers. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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Misir, Hemlata. Tensile strength of Otoform K2 silicon impression material: A comparative study. Northampton: University College Northampton, 1999.

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Moore, Thomas J. Tensile strength of simulated and welded butt joints in W-Cu-composite sheet. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1994.

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Lee, J. A. High-strength aluminum casting alloy for high-temperature applications: (MSFC Center director's discretionary fund final project no. 97-10). [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1998.

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Harrington, M. The torque test: A proposed new test to establish the tensile strength of concrete. [London]: Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tensile strength of rock"

1

Wang, Ru, Chun An Tang, Shu Hong Wang, Zhi Yuan Wang, and Tian Hui Ma. "Influence of Different Loading Modes on Rock Tensile Strength." In Key Engineering Materials, 2553–56. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.2553.

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Kodate*, S., N. Iwata, and Ö. Aydan. "The tensile strength of rock samples from bending tests under impact loads." In Rock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect, Volume 1, 465–70. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003359142-78.

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Shi, Xiao-shan, Jing-rui Niu, Da-an Liu, Tie-wu Tang, Bonan Wang, and Weige Han. "Influence of Different Loading Angles with Respect to the Stratification on Tensile Strength of Black Shale." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 204–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0113-1_23.

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Cui*, Zhen, Qian Sheng, Maochu Zhang, and Guimin Zhang. "Loading rate effect on tensile strength of rock material and morphology of fracture surface." In Rock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect, Volume 1, 191–96. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003359142-29.

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Li, Jia-Le, and Gao-Feng Zhao. "A numerical estimation on Dynamic Direct Tensile Strength (DDTS) of rock by introducing centrifugal field." In Rock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect, Volume 2, 20–24. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003359159-4.

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Liu, Xinrong, Luli Miao, Yan Fu, Wen Yuan, and Zijuan Wang. "Quantitative Determination Approach of Rock Micro Tensile Strength Based on Particle Flow Code." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Fundamentals of Soil Behaviours, 947–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0125-4_105.

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Deng, Yusheng, Xindong Wei, Yan Huang, and Gao-Feng Zhao. "Numerical study of the strain rate dependency of indirect tensile strength with a four-phase lattice spring model." In Rock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect, Volume 2, 85–90. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003359159-16.

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Wu, Wuxing, Fengqiang Gong, and Lei He. "Rock tensile strength weakening effect induced by high static preload granite subjected to low frequency dynamic disturbance during Brazilian tests." In Rock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect, Volume 1, 411–16. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003359142-69.

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Yu, Qiangshan, Dejian Li, and Yingbin Zhang. "Seismic Stability Analysis of Anti-dip Bedding Rock Slope Based on Tensile Strength Cut-Off." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Performance Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (Beijing 2022), 1404–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11898-2_122.

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Tang, Daming, Hai Quan, Xinkai Yu, Qizhong Xu, and Zeqi Zhu. "Research on Crack Propagation and Critical Water Pressure of Basalt Under Hydraulic Coupling." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 394–402. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_36.

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AbstractHydraulic coupling triaxial test and acoustic emission test were carried out for Xiluodu basalt. The test results show that the peak strength of basalt increases with the increase of confining pressure, showing a typical hard brittle behavior. When the confining pressure remains unchanged, the peak strength decreases gradually with the increase of initial water pressure, and the hard brittleness decreases; Increasing the initial water pressure can promote the propagation of rock cracks, and the cumulative count of acoustic emission increases significantly with the increase of water pressure. Under the combined action of water pressure in the hole and external stress, the tensile failure occurs first and mainly in the internal cracks of basalt. Further, the functional relationship among crack initiation stress, confining pressure and water pressure is obtained through theoretical derivation and three-dimensional spatial data fitting. On this basis, the empirical relationship between critical water pressure, confining pressure and water pressure is established. The correlation is consistent with the test results, which has a good reference value for the study of critical water pressure of basalt crack propagation under hydraulic coupling.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tensile strength of rock"

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Pâmmela Caroline Pinazzi da Silva Ribeiro, Michel Melo Oliveira, and Priscilla P. Nelson. "Correlation Between Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Brazilian Tensile Strength Using Different Rock Types." In VII Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenheiros Geotécnicos Jovens. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Associação Brasileira de Mecânica dos Solos e Engenharia Geotécnica - ABMS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/gj-13-0005.

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Morin, Roger H., and William H. Schulz. "Aquifer Characteristics near Cuestas and Their Relation to Rock Tensile Strength." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.3445520.

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H. Morin, Roger, and William H. Schulz. "Aquifer Characteristics Near Cuestas And Their Relation To Rock Tensile Strength." In 23rd EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.175.sageep101.

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Moronkeji, Dee A., and Christopher Wolfe. "A Review of Tensile Strength Measurement in Rock with Laminations/Bedding and its Implication on Rock Mechanical Properties and Fracture Pressure Gradient Estimation." In 56TH US ROCK MECHANICS / GEOMECHANICS SYMPOSIUM. OnePetro, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-2374.

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The tensile strength (TS) has been used extensively in estimating the unconfined compressive strength of a rock formation when the number of UCS measurements are limited. A well-known method of determining the TS of a rock sample is the Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test. In horizontal rock samples with bedding planes (BP), lower horizontal tension at failure typically occurs in a BTS test when loading the sample parallel to bedding (PLTB) versus perpendicular to bedding (PDTB). This is because bedding activation failure mode dominates in PLTB versus typical central fracture failure mode in PDTB. Numerous studies have been done on BTS; however, this study is a review of the implication of the differences in BTS obtained between PLTB and PDTB loading to observe the effect of BP. In this review, we measured BTS tests and observed variation between PLTB and PDTB measurements. These differences have implications on the prediction of rock mechanical properties and fracture pressure gradient estimation. This study shows an overall good fit to a relationship existing to derive a useful correlation between PLTB and PDTB tensile strength measurements that can be used in unconventional shale resources when the amount of core samples is limited or restricted to horizontal rotary sidewall cores.
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Moronkeji, Dee A., and Christopher Wolfe. "A Review of Tensile Strength Measurement in Rock with Laminations/Bedding and its Implication on Rock Mechanical Properties and Fracture Pressure Gradient Estimation." In 56TH US ROCK MECHANICS / GEOMECHANICS SYMPOSIUM. OnePetro, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-0609.

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The tensile strength (TS) has been used extensively in estimating the unconfined compressive strength of a rock formation when the number of UCS measurements are limited. A well-known method of determining the TS of a rock sample is the Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test. In horizontal rock samples with bedding planes (BP), lower horizontal tension at failure typically occurs in a BTS test when loading the sample parallel to bedding (PLTB) versus perpendicular to bedding (PDTB). This is because bedding activation failure mode dominates in PLTB versus typical central fracture failure mode in PDTB. Numerous studies have been done on BTS; however, this study is a review of the implication of the differences in BTS obtained between PLTB and PDTB loading to observe the effect of BP. In this review, we measured BTS tests and observed variation between PLTB and PDTB measurements. These differences have implications on the prediction of rock mechanical properties and fracture pressure gradient estimation. This study shows an overall good fit to a relationship existing to derive a useful correlation between PLTB and PDTB tensile strength measurements that can be used in unconventional shale resources when the amount of core samples is limited or restricted to horizontal rotary sidewall cores.
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Ghamgosar, M., N. Erarslan, and K. Tehrani. "Laboratory investigations of fracture toughness and tensile strength for various rock types." In The 2016 Isrm International Symposium, Eurock 2016. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315388502-37.

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Abugharara, Abdelsalam, Salum Mafazy, and Stephen Butt. "A New Approach for Rock Strength Estimation Through a Semi-Point Load Strength Index and Correlation With Destructive and Nondestructive Tests." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-81556.

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Abstract Multi scale projects of civil, mining, and oil and gas drilling require to determine rock strength as main property of surface and subsurface rocks for safe structures, economic mining operations, as well as drilling performance optimizations. The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) as a main rock strength test is considered a time consuming for sample preparation, costly, and unaffordable. However, it is required for correlations for rock strength obtained from other tests. A semi-Point Load Strength Index (Semi-PLSI) is proposed in this research as a new approach to estimate rock strength. The objectives of this research include reducing testing costs, simplifying sample preparation and testing procedure, precisely localizing, stabilizing, and balancing specimens while testing, and improving accuracy and repeatability. For this test, various sample dimensions and length to diameter ratios are prepared from granite rock type. A 400 (kn) Geomechanics Frame is used for testing and an advanced data acquisition system is utilized for data recording. Data obtained from Semi-PLSI are correlated with data obtained from two main strength types including UCS that represent the shear fracture strength and indirect tensile strength (IT) that represent the tensile fracture strength. Data correlation also includes measurements of ultrasound primary and secondary wave velocities that represents nondestructive data measurements. The good correlation agreements and the verity ways of estimating the strength enrich this new approach of the Semi-PLSI proposed for UCS estimation and pave the road of more research.
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"Tensile Strength Test of Rock at High Strain Rate Using Digital Image Correlation." In Explosion Shock Waves and High Strain Rate Phenomena. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900338-17.

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Tariq, Zeeshan, Bicheng Yan, Shuyu Sun, Manojkumar Gudala, and Mohamed Mahmoud. "A Machine Learning Based Accelerated Approach to Infer the Breakdown Pressure of the Tight Rocks." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211129-ms.

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Abstract Unconventional oil reservoirs are usually classified by extremely low porosity and permeability values. The most economical way to produce hydrocarbons from such reservoirs is by creating artificially induced fractures. To design the hydraulic fracturing jobs, true values of rock breakdown pressure is required. Conducting hydraulic fracturing experiments in the laboratory is a very expensive and time consuming process. Therefore, in this study, different machine learning models were efficiently utilized to predict the breakdown pressure of the tight rocks. In the first part of the study, a comprehensive hydraulic fracturing experimental study was conducted on various rock specimens, to measure the breakdown pressure. A total of 130 experiments were conducted on different rock types such as shales, sandstone, tight carbonates, and synthetic cement samples. Rock mechanical properties such as Young's Modulus E, Poisson's ratio, Unconfined Compressive strength (UCS), and indirect tensile strength sigma_t were measured before conducting hydraulic fracturing tests. Machine learning models were used to correlate the breakdown pressure of the rock as a function of fracturing experimental conditions and rock properties. In the machine learning model, we considered experimental conditions including injection rate, overburden pressures, and fracturing fluid viscosity, and rock properties including Young's Modulus, Poisson's ratio, Unconfined Compressive strength (UCS), and indirect tensile strength, porosity, permeability, and bulk density. Machine learning models include Random Forest (RF), Decision Trees (DT), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). During training of ML models, the model hyper-parameters were optimized by grid search optimization approach. With the optimal setting of the ML models, the breakdown pressure of the unconventional formation were predicted with an accuracy of 95%. The proposed methodology to predict the breakdown pressure of unconventional rocks can minimize the laboratory experimental cost of measuring fracture parameters and can be used as a quick assessment tool to evaluate the development prospect of unconventional tight rocks.
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Chen, Jin-Hong, Daniel Georgi, Hui-Hai Liu, Zhang Jilin, and Gary Eppler. "Assessing Tensile Strength of Unconventional Tight Rocks Using Microwaving." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/178590-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Tensile strength of rock"

1

E.M. Cikanek, R.J. Blakely, T.A. Grant, and L.E. Safley. Data Qualification and Data Summary Report: Intact Rock Properties Data on Tensile Strength, Schmidt Hammer Rebound Hardness, and Rock Triaxial Creep. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836526.

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Huang, Jian. The Tensile Strength of Liquid Nitrogen. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1133.

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Nissen, Joel. The Tensile Strength of Liquid Helium Four. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1356.

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Duthinh, Dat. Tensile strength of an interlocking composite connection. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6565.

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Korinko, P., and G. Chapman. CHARACTERIZATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF GLOVEBOX GLOVES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036011.

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Tennery, V. (Tensile strength measurement techniques for structural ceramics). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6837433.

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Goeke, Elizabeth C., and Shun-Chin Chou. Examination of the Tensile Strength of Graphite Fibers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207277.

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Doi, Shigeru, and Takao Mori. Tensile Shear Strength of Aluminum-Steel Rivet Joint. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0540.

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Wright, Jared C., and Jeffrey J. Swab. Uniaxial Tensile Strength and Flaw Characterization of SiC-N. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597920.

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Burchell, Timothy. MERSEN GRADE 2114: A COMPARISON OF TENSILE STRENGTH DATA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1905428.

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