Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tensile strains

Academic literature on the topic 'Tensile strains'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tensile strains"

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Chen, Cai, Yan Beygelzimer, Roman Kulagin, and Oleksandr Davydenko. "Construction of tensile stress-strain curves for solid bars pre-deformed by gradient shear strain." Обробка матеріалів тиском, no. 1(50) (March 31, 2020): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37142/2076-2151/2020-1(50)114.

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Cai Chen, Beygelzimer Y., Kulagin R., Davydenko O. Construction of tensile stress-strain curves for solid bars pre-deformed by gradient shear strain. Material working by pressure. 2020. № 1 (50). P. 114-118. Strain hardening curves were derived for the first time for tension of cylindrical solid bars in the presence of a linear strain gradient produced by severely pre-straining by torsion. An analytical formula was obtained, which enables constructing the local stress-strain curve. Data obtained for pure copper samples pre-twisted to different levels of shear strain were used. A saturation stage not known hitherto was found for large strains. One particularity of the present results is that for low tensile strains the tensile flow stress after torsion agrees well with the flow stress in monotonic tension. Another particularity of the results is that the tensile flow stress is constant after torsion at large strains, starting from about 1.5 strain. This effect was observed for the first time because the present technique is the first one to provide access to tensile flow stress after large strain torsion.
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Shuaiquan, Zhao, Chang Yuping, Yang Yadie, Zhang Minglonghai, Hasan Kamrul, and Hu Hong. "Auxetic behavior of warp knitted fabric under repeating tension." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 15-16 (January 25, 2021): 1732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517521989277.

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In our previous study, a novel class of auxetic warp knitted fabrics were developed and their auxetic behaviors were studied under a single tensile test. However, during daily use, the fabrics are usually subjected to repeating tension rather than single tension. Therefore, the durability of the fabrics’ auxetic performance is of great importance. So far, the auxetic behavior of fabrics under repeating tension has not systematically been investigated. In this paper, we report a study on the auxetic behavior of warp knitted fabrics under repeating tension. All the fabric samples were subjected to a repeating tensile test within a tensile strain of 25% until 100 tensile cycles. The results show that the fabrics can keep their auxetic effect in both course and wale testing directions after 100 tensile cycles, and the auxetic effect in the wale direction is retained longer under higher tensile strains than that under lower tensile strains with the increase of tensile cycles. The results also indicate that auxetic stability in the course direction is much better than that in the wale direction. We hope that this study can offer useful information to improve the auxetic stability of auxetic fabrics for practical use.
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Kim, Seung-Gyu, Yeong-Seong Park, and Yong-Hak Lee. "Comparison of Concrete Creep in Compression, Tension, and Bending under Drying Condition." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203357.

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Three types of creep experiments of compression, tension, and bending were implemented to identify quantitative relations among the three types of creep under drying atmospheric conditions. In case of the bending creep experiment, two types of unreinforced concrete beams with similar dimensions were cast for use in the beam creep and shrinkage tests. The variations in the shrinkage strain within the beam depth were measured to evaluate the effect of the shrinkage variations on the bending creep strain. The beam creep strain measured within the beam depth was composed of uniform and skewed parts. The skewed parts of the creep strain were found to be dominant whereas the uniform parts were small enough to be neglected in the bending creep evaluation. This indicated that the compressive bending creep at the top surface was close to the tensile bending creep at the bottom surface. The ratios of tensile and bending creep strains to compressive creep strain were approximately 2.9 and 2.3, respectively, and the ratio of bending creep strain to tensile creep strain was approximately 0.8. Particular attention is laid on the close agreement between tensile and compressive bending creep strains even if the creep in tension is 2.9 times larger than the creep strain in compression.
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Hidayati, Sri, and Sholihun Sholihun. "Strain Effects on the Band Structures of Monolayer GaN from the Density Functional Theory." Materials Science Forum 1066 (July 13, 2022): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-d647l2.

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We perform the density functional theory calculations (DFT) to study the effect of biaxial strain on the band structures of monolayer GaN. We apply compressive and tensile strains up to 10%. There is no change of bandgap for the applied tensile strains below 8%. The compressive strains have a constant bandgap which is slightly smaller than that of the zero strain. We find that the applied tensile strain above 8% affects its electronic structure and decreases its bandgap energy by about 0.05 eV while the compressive strain above 4% decreases its bandgap about 0.22 eV.
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Khalsa, Partap S., Robert H. Lamotte, and Peter Grigg. "Tensile and Compressive Responses of Nociceptors in Rat Hairy Skin." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.492.

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Khalsa, Partap S., Robert H. LaMotte, and Peter Grigg. Tensive and compressive responses of nociceptors in rat hairy skin. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 492–505, 1997. Mechanically sensitive nociceptor afferents were studied in a preparation of isolated skin from rat leg. Each neuron was studied while the skin was subjected to tensile and compressive loading. The experiment was designed to create highly uniform states of stress in both tension and compression. Tensile loads were applied by pulling on the edges of the sample. Applied loads were used to determine the tensile stresses. Surface displacements were used to determine tensile strains. Compressive loads were applied by indenting the surface of the skin with flat indenter tips applied under force control. The skin was supported by a flat, hard substrate. Compressive stresses were determined from the applied loads and tip geometry. Compressive strains were determined from skin thickness and tip excursions. All nociceptors were activated by both tensile and compressive loading. There was no interaction between the responses to compressive and tensile stimuli (i.e., the responses were simply additive). Responses of nociceptors were better related to tensile and compressive stresses than to strains. Nociceptors responded better to tensile loading than to compressive loading. Response thresholds were lower and sensitivities were higher for tensile stress than for compressive stress. The response to compression was better related to compressive stress than to other stimulus parameters (i.e., load/circumference or simply load). Indentations of intact skin over a soft substrate such as muscle would be expected to cause widespread activation of nociceptors because of tensile stresses.
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Jiang, Yin Fang, Zhen Zhou Tang, Zhi Fei Li, and Lei Fang. "Research on the Forming Limit Diagram Based on Laser Shock Forming." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.148.

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Laser shock forming (LSF) of sheet metal is a novel technology in plastic deformation. It is necessary to correctly predict the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) based on LSF. New failure maximum thickness reduction rate criterion is used to determine the forming limit based on the numerical system during LSF. The relationship model between maximum thickness reduction rate and the strain path is built. In addition, the effects of strain path and strain-hardening exponent on forming limit are considered. The maximum thickness reduction rate under equi-biaxial tensile strain path can be determined easily during LSF and the expression of the criterion is determined finally. Then the limit strains under other strain paths between uniaxial tension to equi-biaxial tension can be determined by the criterion combined with numerical simulation of forming process. The criterion can predict forming limits for sheet metal exactly and makes it possible to determine forming limit strains under different strain paths only through equi-biaxial tensile test during LSF.
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Gallage, Chaminda, and Chamara Jayalath. "Use of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique to measure strains in geogrids." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199212007.

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Geosynthetics are widely used in Geotechnical Engineering to reinforce soil/gravel in pavements, retaining wall backfills, and embankments. It is important to measure strains in geogrids in the determination of their strength parameters such as tensile strength and secant stiffness, and in evaluating their performances in geogrid-reinforced structures. Strain gauges are commonly used in measuring strains in geogrids. However, it is important to verify the strains measured by strain gauges as these strains are affected by the data logging device, gauge factors, quality of bonding between grain gauge and geogrid, and temperature. Therefore, this study was conducted to verify the performance of strain gauges attached to Geogrids and also to investigate the possibility of using PIV technique and GeoPIV-RG software to measure the local strains developed in a geogrid specimen under tensile testing in the laboratory. In the experimental program of this study, six composite geogrid specimens were tested for tensile strength (wide-width tensile tests) while measuring/calculating its tensile strain by using strain gauges attached to the specimens, Geo-PIV-RG analysis and crosshead movements of Instron apparatus. Good agreement between the strains obtained from strain gauges and geoPIV-RG analysis was observed for all the tests conducted. These results suggest that the PIV technique along with geoPIV-RG program can effectively be used to measure the local strain of geogrids in the laboratory tests. It was also able to verify that properly installed strain gauges are able to measure strain in the geogrids which are used in the field applications.
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Yu, Tianbo, Yan Du, Guohua Fan, Rozaliya Barabash, Dorte Juul Jensen, and Yubin Zhang. "In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Micro-Diffraction Investigation of Elastic Strains in Laminated Ti-Al Composites." Metals 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040668.

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Spatially resolved elastic strains in the bulk interior of a laminated Ti-Al metal composite were studied during in situ tensile loading at strains up to 1.66% by a synchrotron-based micro-diffraction technique, namely differential aperture X-ray microscopy (DAXM). For both Al and Ti grains, deviatoric elastic strains were estimated based on polychromatic X-ray microbeam diffraction, while lattice strains along the normal direction of the tensile sample were directly measured using monochromatic X-ray microbeam diffraction. The estimated deviatoric strains show large spatial variations, and the mean values are consistent with the external loading conditions, i.e., increasing tensile strain along the tensile direction and increasing compressive strain along the sample normal with increasing loading. The directly measured lattice strains also show large spatial variations, although the magnitude of this variation is smaller than that for the estimated deviatoric strain. The directly measured lattice strains in Ti grains are largely consistent with the external loading, whereas those in Al grains are in contradiction with the external loading. The causes of the experimental results are discussed and related to both the laminated microstructure of the composite material and the limitations of the techniques.
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TAKAHASHI, Y., M. DAIMARUYA, H. KOBAYASHI, H. TSUDA, and H. FUJIKI. "IMPACT TENSILE PROPERTIES OF YAG LASER WELDED BUTT JOINTS MADE BY DIFFERENT STEEL SHEETS FOR VEHICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208047304.

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The tensile properties of YAG laser welded butt joints using different high strength steel sheets with a tensile strength of 270 MPa, 590 MPa and 980 MPa (denoted HR270, HR590 and HR980, respectively) were investigated at static and dynamic rates, together with the three kinds of laser welded joints made by the same steel sheets. The impact tensile tests were performed by using the vertical type of split Hopkinson tension bar apparatus, while the static tensile tests were carried out using a universal testing machine INSTRON5586. The impact tensile strengths were significantly increased in comparison with the static ones due to the effect of strain rate, which might be the contribution of the part of HR270 base metal. And in both of static and impact tests, the fracture strains of HR270-HR590 joint, HR270-HR980 joint and HR590-HR980 joint were about one half of the fracture strains observed in the same steel welded joints of HR270-HR270, HR270-HR270 and HR590-HR590, respectively.
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Wu, W. C., Z. M. Ao, C. H. Yang, S. Li, G. X. Wang, C. M. Li, and S. Li. "Hydrogenation of silicene with tensile strains." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 11 (2015): 2593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02095b.

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The energy barrier for hydrogenation of silicene decreases as the strains increase, and the barrier reduces from 1.71 to 0.24 eV when the strain reaches the critical value of 12%. In this way, the reaction time for the hydrogenation of silicene can accelerate significantly from 8.06 × 1016 to 1.68 × 10−8 s.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tensile strains"

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Lin, Muh-ren. "Experimental investigation of temperature effect on uniaxial tensile test /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266011224679.

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Leung, Ming Yan. "Dynamic characterization of micro scale samples using the Hopkinson tensile bar technique /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202007%20LEUNG.

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Win, San San Civil &amp Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Tensile strength of compacted soils subject to wetting and drying." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31157.

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Knowledge of the stress-strain relationship of the compacted soils in tension is of importance for understanding of cracking that occurs in earth structures, in particular embankment dams and landfill barriers. Understanding the correlation between tensile properties and traditional soil parameters and soil suction is essential in identifying problems associated with desiccation induced cracking. A series of extensive laboratory experiments were performed on three different soils from existing embankment dams. This thesis concentrated on the investigation of tensile strength in relation to the type of soil, compaction water content, compaction density ratio, rate of loading, soil suction, moisture retention characteristics and the effect of drying and wetting. Stress-strain behaviour and tensile properties indicated a dependence on soil type and compaction criteria. The plasticity index, clay content and type of mineral has shown a significant influence on tensile strength. Compaction dry of optimum resulted in an increase in strength. Compaction wet of optimum showed a decrease in strength and small increase in strain at failure. Higher compaction effort resulted in higher tensile strength, tensile stiffness and brittle stress-strain behaviour. Difference in loading rate revealed response time for initial tensile deformation as well as sustainable duration up to failure point. The effect of soil suction plays an important role in drying during which specimens exhibited a considerable strength increase. The magnitude of strength increase may have been contributed by a combination of suction, air entry value and compaction density. The effect of wetting could cause decreasing in suction and thus a reduction in strength. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the desiccation-induced may not necessarily occur due to an associated increase in tensile strength. However, an increase in tensile strength is likely to be accompanied by an increase in shrinkage. Therefore, desiccation-induced cracking is related to the interaction between moisture loss, change in soil suction, tensile stress and shrinkage.
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Vorakunpinij, Adisak. "The effect of paper structure on the deviation between tensile and compressive responses." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7058.

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Roth, Michael Jason 1975. "Flexural and tensile properties of thin, very high-strength, fiber-reinforced concrete panels." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11062007-215816.

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Yang, Yang. "Stress intensity factors of circumferential semi-elliptical internal surface cracks of tubular member subjected to axial tensile loading." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182941.

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Clarke, Jo Ann Marie Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical. "High strain rate tensile testing." Ottawa, 1993.

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Sasazaki, Yoshihiro. "Ultrastructure of articular cartilage under tensile strain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410724.

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Ouyang, Xin. "CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS OF RUBBER UNDER LARGE TENSILE STRAIN AND HIGH STRAIN RATES." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1154146622.

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Berry, Catherine Cecilia. "The influence of tensile strain on fibroblasts in culture." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271478.

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Books on the topic "Tensile strains"

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J, Fields R., and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. A computer-controlled tensile stage for in-situ X-ray measurements. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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J, Fields R., and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. A computer-controlled tensile stage for in-situ X-ray measurements. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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J, Fields R., and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. A computer-controlled tensile stage for in-situ X-ray measurements. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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J, Fields R., and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. A computer-controlled tensile stage for in-situ X-ray measurements. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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J, Fields R., and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. A computer-controlled tensile stage for in-situ X-ray measurements. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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J, Fields R., and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. A computer-controlled tensile stage for in-situ X-ray measurements. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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J, Fields R., and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. A computer-controlled tensile stage for in-situ X-ray measurements. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Modfications of system for elevated temperature testing and stress-strain measurement of metal matrix composites. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1985.

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Kindermann, M. R. A slow strain-rate tensile testing machine. Melbourne, Victoria: Dept. of Defence, Aeronautical Research Laboratory, 1989.

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Alex, Vary, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Tensile strain measurements of ceramic fibers using scanning laser acoustic microscopy. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tensile strains"

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Tvergaard, V. "Tensile Instabilities at Large Strains." In Bifurcation and Stability of Dissipative Systems, 251–91. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2712-4_6.

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Rowe, R. Kerry, and Yan Yu. "Tensile Strains in Geomembrane Landfill Liners." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics, 1–10. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0122-3_1.

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Haken, Bennie, Arno Godeke, and Herman H. J. Kate. "Investigation of Microscopic Strain by X-Ray Diffraction in Nb3Sn Tape Conductors Subjected to Compressive and Tensile Strains." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1463–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_189.

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Remek, Lubos, and Veronika Valaskova. "Data Gathering and Evaluation of Tensile Strains Measured in APT with Mathematical Computation Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 448–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55236-7_46.

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Tang, Lin, Songtai Sun, Xiaowu Tang, and Ruixuan Zhang. "Analysis of Pore Size Distributions of Nonwoven Geotextiles Subjected to Unequal Biaxial Tensile Strains." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 842–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97112-4_189.

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Delannay, L., M. Melchior, Pascal J. Jacques, and Paul Van Houtte. "Simulation of the Lattice Strains Developed during a Tensile Test on a Multiphase Steel." In Materials Science Forum, 1627–32. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-975-x.1627.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Tensile Strain." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 733. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11632.

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Tang, Lin, Xiao-Wu Tang, and Shao-xing Qu. "Analytical Study of the Variation of Pore Size Characteristics with Biaxial Tensile Strains on Woven Slit-Film Geotextiles." In Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 2, 732–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2224-2_91.

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Hall, S. A., P. C. Mogensen, U. Bangert, and S. W. Bland. "TEM and X-Ray Analysis of (AlyGa1-y)xIn1-xP Quantum Well Layers Under Compressive and Tensile Strains." In Electron Microscopy and Analysis 1997, 331–34. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003063056-85.

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Ochiai, Shojiro, D. Doko, Hiroshi Okuda, Sang Soo Oh, Dong Woo Ha, Masashi Tanaka, M. Hojo, Kozo Osamura, and M. Miura. "Influence of Applied Tensile and Bending Strains on Local and Overall Critical Current of Multifilamentary Bi2223-Composite Superconductor." In THERMEC 2006, 739–44. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.739.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tensile strains"

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Liu, Ming, Yong-Yi Wang, and Laurie Collins. "Tensile Strain Capacity of Spiral Pipes." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90661.

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Pipelines may experience high longitudinal strains from seismic events, frost heave, thaw settlement, unstable slopes, and mine subsidence, etc.. Those strains could be well beyond the elastic limit of the materials and the strain based design (SBD) criteria must be used. Most work on the SBD in recent years has been focused on the straight long seam pipes. The application of the SBD principles to the spiral pipes has not been examined. Spiral-welded pipes are widely used for long-distance transmission pipelines. These pipes have a demonstrated history of satisfactory service. However, the performance of the spiral pipes under large longitudinal strains is not well understood. The focus of this paper is the tensile strain capacity of spiral pipes. The crack driving forces of flaws in spiral welds under longitudinal tension strains were analyzed for X80 pipes. Unlike the girth weld flaws which see primarily mode-I crack driving forces, the spiral weld flaws see mode-I and mode III mixed crack driving forces. The mode-I and mode-III driving force components vary with the spiral angles and pressure conditions. It is found that the application of the internal pressure can greatly increase the mode-I component and the total crack driving forces.
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Burkett, M. W. "Eulerian Hydrocode Modeling of a Dynamic Tensile Extrusion Experiment." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-057.

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Abstract Eulerian hydrocode simulations using the Mechanical Threshold Stress (MTS), Zerilli-Armstrong (Z-A), and Johnson Cook (J-C) flow stress models were performed to provide insights into dynamic tensile extrusion (DTE) experiments with copper (Cu) and tantalum (Ta). The extrusion of Cu and Ta projectiles was simulated with an explicit, two-dimensional Eulerian continuum mechanics hydrocode and compared with data to determine if this extrusion concept is a useful indirect hydrocode material strength model evaluation experiment. The data consisted of high-speed images of the extrusion process, photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) to measure the projectile velocity history and die transit time, dynamic temperature measurements of the extruded material, recovered extruded samples, and post-test metallography. The hydrocode was developed to predict large-strain and high-strain-rate loading problems. The code features a high-order advection algorithm, material interface tracking scheme, and van Leer monotonic advection-limiting algorithm. The strength models were utilized to evolve the flow stress (σ) as a function of strain, strain rate, and temperature. Average strain rates on the order of 104 s−1 and plastic strains exceeding 300% were predicted in the extrusion of copper at impact velocities between 400–450 m/s, while plastic strains exceeding 800% were predicted for Ta. The predicted and measured deformation topologies, projectile velocity profiles and die transits times, plastic strains, and temperatures were qualitatively compared. The flow stress distributions predicted by the three strength models were also compared for one experiment. Finally, the feasibility of using DTE to evaluate hydrocode strength models will be discussed.
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Zhussupbekov, Askar, and Balzhan Kaldanova. "Research of Horizontal Tensile Strains Determined with Triaxial Appratus." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.012.

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This report described the methodology and results of soil tests in the compression device with the ability to specify horizontal motions. The research introduced of behaviour of undermining soils – the areas affected by underground mining applications for the extraction of minerals, which resulted in the undermining thickness may occur uneven subsidence of the earth’s surface and soil subsidence. This paper is important for understanding of interaction of foundations with subsidence ground.
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Laforte, Caroline, and Jean-Louis Laforte. "Tensile, Torsional and Bending Strain at the Adhesive Rupture of an Iced Substrate." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79458.

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In order to develop an effective deicing device using mechanical deformation of substrates, the adhesive and/or cohesive strains of ice at rupture were measured for three different modes of solicitation: tensile, twisting and bending. A total of 108 icing/deicing tests were conducted with aluminum and nylon samples covered with hard rime ice deposits 2, 5, and 10 mm thick strained at various strains rates in brittle regime at −10°C. Real time deformation was precisely monitored using a strain gage fixed to the A1 interface, and force by means of load cells and a torque-meter. Deicing strain was determined at the time of ice detachment, which corresponds to a visible, instant change in the slope of stress-strain curves. The mean values of deicing strains, ε %, measured in tensile, torsion and bending experiments are respectively, 0.037 ± 0.015%, 0.043 ± 0.023% and 0.004 ± 0.003% As for adhesion strength, the highest values were obtained in tension, 4 MPa ± 50%, and the lowest in bending, 0.014 MPa ± 36%. In torsion, the value was intermediary, at 1.26 MPa ± 67%. Measurements also showed that deicing stress and strain tended to increase with substrate roughness, whereas they decrease with increasing ice thicknesses. In summary, this work points out the effects of two major factors on ice adhesion strength, the solicitation mode and the ice thickness. Finally these results suggest that the first criteria for a mechanical deicing device has to satisfy to be effective is to have the capacity to generating a strain at around 0.04% ice/substrate interface.
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Zhu, Xian-Kui, and Brian N. Leis. "Effect of Axial Tensile Strain on Yield Load-Carrying Capacity of Pipelines." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31582.

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This paper theoretically investigates the effect of axial tensile strain on the plastic yield load-carrying capacity of pipelines. The elasticity theory and three plastic yield criteria of Tresca criterion, von Mises criterion, and Average Shear Stress Yield (ASSY) criterion are adopted in the analysis. General solutions of elastic stresses and strains are obtained for a thin-walled, end-caped pipe subjected to internal pressure and an axial strain that is used to represent the outside applied force. Based on the three plastic yield criteria, different nonlinear governing equations are obtained for determining the yield pressure, the yield hoop and axial stresses as well as the yield hoop and radial strains for the pipe. The results showed that the pressure, stresses and strains in the pipe at yield are functions of the axial strain, Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, and yield strength of the pipe steel. The tensile strain limits are then obtained for different pipeline grades. It is concluded that the axial tensile strain can significantly reduce the limit load or the regulation-allowed operating pressure, and the tensile strain limits should be considered in strain-based design to prevent pipeline failure.
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Williams, John L., Pat D. Do, and Thomas L. Schmidt. "Tensile Properties of Bovine Proximal Tibial Growth Plate Cartilage." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0132.

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Abstract Seventy-one microtensile samples of bone-cartilage-bone from the lateral, central and medial portions of the proximal tibial growth plate were tested to failure at three speeds. Tensile strength, toe modulus, tangent modulus, and strain energy density varied by both location and strain rate, being stronger and stiffer on the lateral side and at higher strain rates. No differences could be detected in the ultimate strains by either region or strain rate.
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Wang, Yong-Yi, Wentao Cheng, and David Horsley. "Tensile Strain Limits of Buried Defects in Pipeline Girth Welds." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0524.

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Buried defects, such as lack-of-sidewall fusion defects, are some of the most commonly occurring defects in mechanized girth welds. Although some of the existing ECA (Engineering Critical Assessment) procedures permit the assessment of the significance of buried defects, their application is limited to the nominally elastic applied stress range. The assessment of buried defects is more complex than that of surface-breaking defects. There is much more experimental data on the behavior of surface-breaking defects than buried defects. One simplistic approach is to treat buried defects as surface-breaking defects under a generally accepted assumption that buried defects are less detrimental than surface-breaking defects of the same size. This paper focuses on the behavior of girth welds containing buried defects subjected to high longitudinal strains. The high longitudinal strains in onshore pipelines may be caused by soil movement such as seismic activity, slope instability, frost heave, mine subsidence, etc. For offshore pipelines, the highest longitudinal strains typically occur during pipe laying operations. The paper describes a strain design methodology based on a crack driving force method that has been previously applied to obtain tensile strain limits of surface-breaking defects. The focus of this paper is the application of the crack driving force methodology to examine the factors affecting the strain limits of girth welds containing buried defects. By using crack driving force relations in conjunction with a constraint-sensitive fracture mechanics approach, tensile strain limits are derived as a function of material grade, defect size, toughness, and pipe wall thickness. The paper concludes with the comparison of strain limits between buried and surface-breaking defects.
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Thornton, John, Darren Dale, Matthew Zonneveldt, Chris Wood, and Jon Almer. "Strain and Phase Mapping of Ceramic Matrix Composites and Protective Coatings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26281.

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Coatings are frequently required to provide oxidation protection for high temperature materials. Silicon carbide (SiC) coatings have been used to protect carbon-carbon composites on leading edges and zirconia coatings are used as thermal barriers on gas turbine aerofoils. The effectiveness and durability of these coatings is dependent on the residual strains created in these coatings during their formation or deposition and also during service. Tensile strains in the plane of the coating can lead to through thickness cracks that expose the substrate, while compressive strains can cause the coating to delaminate. This paper presents strain measurements of these high temperature material systems obtained with high energy X-ray diffraction. The diffraction also provided useful information on phase, crystallite size and texture as a function of depth. Tensile strains were found in the SiC coatings, and compressive strains were found in the zirconia coatings. Both these strains were parallel to their coatings’ surfaces. The differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the coatings and their substrates can account for both the compressive strain in the zirconia and the tensile strain in the SiC.
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Jeon, Jun-Young, Nak-Hyun Kim, Yun-Jae Kim, Sa-Yong Lee, and Jin-Weon Kim. "Predictions of Mechanical Properties From Small Punch Test Results Using FE Damage Analyses." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-98125.

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This paper compares FE ductile fracture simulation results with compact tension (C(T)), small punch (SP) and notched small punch (NSP) test data for SA508 Gr. 3 material. Ductile fracture simulation method in this paper is based on the stress-modified fracture strain model, recently proposed by the authors. Tensile properties and stress-modified fracture strains are extracted from smooth and notched bar tensile tests, and SP test. To extract tensile property from SP test, tensile property constitutive equations are assumed. Using the extracted tensile properties and stress-modified fracture strains, C(T), SP and NSP tests are simulated and the results are compared with experimental data. The results using the properties from smooth and notched bar tensile tests agree well with experimental data. And the SP and NSP simulations using the properties from SP test well predict the maximum loads and fracture behaviors, However, C(T) test simulations have conservative results relatively. C(T) and NSP simulation results are sensitive to element size. However, SP simulation results are not sensitive to element size.
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Kurtz, Steven M., Charles W. Jewett, John E. Moalli, and Avram A. Edidin. "An Elastic-Plastic Material Model for the True Stress-Strain Behavior of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene in Tension and Compression." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0353.

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Abstract Prediction of stresses and strains for orthopaedic total joint replacement components depends upon accurate knowledge of the true stress-strain behavior for ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (hereafter polyethylene), which has been investigated in uniaxial tension but not yet in uniaxial compression. Previous research has suggested that the maximum strains in tibial components are less than 0.12 [1]. An exponential model has been shown to accurately describe the tensile true stress-strain behavior of polyethylene up to 0.12 true strain [2], but no distinction has yet made between the linear elastic and nonlinear plastic regions of the true stress-strain curve.
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Reports on the topic "Tensile strains"

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Wang and Cheng. L52193 Guidelines on Tensile Strain Limits. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011134.

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There are no generally accepted industry standards that allow the determination of the maximum tensile strain limits of girth welds. Most ECA (Engineering Critical Assessment) codes are stress-based and cannot be used if the longitudinal strain is greater 0.5%. The objective of this project was to develop guidelines on tensile strain limits of pipeline girth welds as a part of the overall development of seismic design guidelines. The loading on pipelines from seismic events is largely displacement-controlled. Such loading can impose high longitudinal tensile strains on the girth welds of pipelines. Therefore, it is necessary to define tensile strain limits of girth welds in the seismic design guidelines. This work represents a systematic investigation of various factors affecting the tensile strain limits of pipeline girth welds. By using the concept of crack driving and apparent toughness, baseline tensile strain limits have been established for a wide range of pipe grade, wall thickness, defect size, and material toughness.
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Wang, Yong-Yi. PR-350-174500-R02 Characterization of Pipeline Wall Loss for Strain Capacity. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011552.

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The principal objective of this project is to develop tools that allow for the evaluation of the effects of wall loss (corrosion) anomalies on pipelines experiencing high longitudinal strains. The first phase of this project started in 2016 and involved full-scale experimental tests. The second phase (current phase), funded in 2017, aimed to develop assessment tools for pipelines that contain corrosion anomalies and experience high longitudinal strains. The tools, developed through systematic studies using finite element analyses and experimental tests, provide three types of output: (1) The tensile strain capacity for pipe segments with corrosion anomalies, (2) The pressure limit for a given target tensile strain capacity, and (3) Size limits of corrosion anomalies for a given target tensile strain capacity
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Soret, Clement, Melissandre Bonnaudet, and Mures Zarea. PR-306-143732-R01 Adv Material Charact of Dent and Gouge Samples Imprvd Strain Eval. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011544.

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This report provides a more accurate micro-hardness vs. strain correlation based on the larger strains achievable with interrupted tensile tests on notched specimens from two modern steels des-ignated as Pipe #1 and Pipe #2 and two vintage steels designated as Pipe #3 and Pipe #4. These pipes were used to evaluate the mechanical strength of dent and gouge defects in PRCI projects MD-4-1, MD-4-6 and DOT #339. Interrupted tensile tests were performed on specimens with dif-ferent geometries, which allowed to identify accurate parameters for a constitutive mechanical be-havior law that represents both pipe materials. Then FE numerical simulation was used to determine plastic strains levels from diameter reduction of the specimens observed during interrupted tensile tests.
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Wang and Cheng. L52020 Extension of Strain Design Criteria to Buried HAZ Defects. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011103.

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This project is a part of a multi-year effort intended to develop alternative defect acceptance criteria for pipelines experiencing high longitudinal strains.� A systematic investigation of various factors affecting the tensile strain limits of buried girth weld defects is conducted.� By using the concept of crack driving and apparent toughness, the baseline tensile strain limits of girth welds with buried defect are established for a wide range of pipe grades, wall thickness, defect size, and material toughness.� The relative influence of various factors affecting the strain limits of girth welds with buried defects is characterized.
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5

Holden, T., R. Hosbons, and J. Root. CWI1988-Andi-21 Neutron Diffraction of Axial Residual Strains Near a Circumferential Crack. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011391.

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The intent of the experiments reported here was to measure the axial residual strain at the 6:00 position of a girth-weld in the presence of a crack which had propagated a few millimeters from the inside diameter of the llnepipe. The linepipe, 914 mm diameter and average thickness 16.2 mm had been previously examined at Chalk River and the strains at the 1:30, 6:00 and 10:30 positions had been measured prior to the introduction of the crack. Large changes in the level of axial residual strain and introduction of strong through-wall strain gradients are observed on re- welding 16 mm line pipe with wet cellulose electrodes. Ahead of the crack, in the mid-wall the strains correspond to yield stresses. Compressive strains are noted behind the crack and at the outside diameter. The tensile strains at the mid-wall remain very large around the circumference beyond the crack.
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Holden, T. M., J. H. Root, and R. R. Hosbons. PR-ANDI-12 Axial Residual Strain Near a Girth-Weld in 11MM and 16MM Line Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012085.

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Neutron diffraction measurements have been made of the axial residual strains in the vicinity of a girth-weld in 914 mm (36 in.) diameter linepipe of thickness 11 and 16 mm. The measurements were made at the 6:00, 1:30, and 10:00 positions. The maximum tensile residual strain observed ( 15 x 10- ) was recorded for the 11 mm linepipe on the inside wall 25 mm from the weld centerline.
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Graville, B. A. L51707 Factors Affecting Heat Affected Zone Root Strains in Pipeline Girth Welds and Repairs. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010219.

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A previous study on hydrogen cracking in the heat affected zone of pipeline girth welds and repairs found that large strains in the HAZ transverse to the weld played a major role in causing cracking. Large transverse strains were believed to arise from bending of the weld due to the thermal contraction of the weld around the pipe circumference. Large root strains were simulated in the laboratory using a bend test which enabled the effect of material composition and strength to be studied. In the bend test, the specimen deflection at the onset of cracking, indicated by a drop in load, was used as a measure of susceptibility to cracking. The study showed that increasing the base metal strength for the same HAZ (achieved experimentally by heat treating the same base metal) resulted in a decrease in the critical deflection. This suggested that considerable strain concentration was occuring in the HAZ which increased as the base metal strength increased. Although the study succeeded in quantifying the effects of base metal composition and strength on the sensitivity to cracking, the program did not attempt to address the factors that influence the degree of strain applied to the weld. Specifically, the study only considered a single weld metal strength, and only one pipe wall thickness was addressed. Thus it was not clear whether the move to higher strength pipes welded with higher strength electrodes or a change in the dimensions of the pipe might increase the exposure to cracking risks. Furthermore, if bend tests are used to screen materials, the question is raised as to whether the acceptance level of critical deflection should be changed for higher strength materials. Heat affected zone cracking was observed in both complete circumferential welds (tie-in welds) and in part-circumferential welds (repairs). Various procedural details, such as heat input and length of repair, could influence the root strain and might warrant specific controls to minimize risk of cracking. This study assessed the effects of weld metal strength, pipe thickness, pipe diameter, heat input, and weld (repair) length on root strains in girth welds. A literature review was conducted and simple analysis methods were applied to identify areas with a high risk for cracking. The results show that high tensile stresses in the axial direction on the inside surface of the pipe result from the radial contraction of the weld and consequent bending of the pipe. Welding procedures with high heat inputs and few weld passes tend to have the greatest effect on stress. Multipass welds decrease the tensile stress, which becomes compressive after a certain thickness. Base metal and weld metal strength were shown to significantly impact strain in the heat-affect zone.
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Vito, L. F. Di, G. Mannucci, G. Demofonti, G. Cumino, A. Izquierdo, F. Daguerre, H. Quintanille, and M. Tivelli. CGX-00-003 Tenaris Double Joint for Deep Water Applications Subjected to Large Cyclic Plastic Strains. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011808.

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The evaluation of the defect tolerance assessment for girth welded joints of seamless pipes for off-shore applications when subjected to large cyclic plastic strains. The reeling laying technique, which is considered to be the most severe from this point of view, has been considered and studied in depth in order to determine how the several plastic strain cycles suffered by the joint during the laying could affect the defect tolerability. Advanced Engineering Critical Assessment methods have been considered in the analysis as the BS 7910 FAD approach implemented with the corrections recommended by more recent studies (such as DNV-OS-F101) about the structures subjected to large plastic deformations. Then the reliability and conservativeness of the setup ECA procedure have been discussed on the basis of a dedicated large scale segment tests program performed on girth weld joints realized in house by Tenaris on X65 grade seamless pipe for deepwater applications. The paper demonstrated the good behavior of the Tenaris Double Joint by both toughness and tensile properties point of view by the light of the more recent and advanced ECA methodologies.
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Wang, Yong-Yi. PR-350-114511-R01 Refined Methodology for Assessment of Weld High-Low Misalignment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010025.

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The impact of high-low misalignment on the load capacity of nominally defect-free girth welds was studied in this project. Two girth welds, one mechanized Gas Metal Arc Weld (GMAW) and the other, a manual Shielded Metal Arc Weld (SMAW) with intentional high-low misalignment, were used in this study. They were experimentally tested to determine material properties like their tensile strengths, hardness levels, and toughness. Tensile tests were con-ducted on cross weld specimens extracted from the two girth welds for assessing the effects of high-low misalignment on the load capacity of the welds. Strains across the weld and in the base metal were measured during the tensile tests. Finite element models were constructed for simulating the cross weld tensile tests. The finite element simulation results were compared against experimental tests conducted on cross-weld specimens for validation of the finite element model�s weld geometry and defined material prop-erties, for subsequent use in the finite element models of full scale pipes. Finite element models of full scale pipes with local high-low misalignment were construct-ed using the weld geometry and material properties of the cross-weld tensile FE models. A so-phisticated mesh generator was used to model the local high-low misalignment. The results of the simulations were used to predict the effect of high-low misalignment on the load capacity of the weld. The results of the simulations were used to predict the effect of high-low misalignment on the load capacity of the weld.
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Stephens, Olson, and Rosenfeld. L51620 Pipeline Monitoring--Limit State Criteria. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010607.

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With the growing emphasis on extending the useful operation of existing pipelines and reducing the operating costs, the pipeline industry is sensitive to keeping pipelines in service and having a rational basis for doing so. When pipelines undergo fault displacement, mining subsidence, thaw settlement, or landslide induced soil loading, monitoring of pipeline strains and/or displacements must protect their integrity. Currently, there is little information available to indicate when remedial action is necessary for such a pipeline. This report focuses on assisting pipe-monitoring programs by providing data and criteria for monitoring intervention. The objective of the work reported herein was to compile data and define criteria for monitoring intervention for local buckling, denting, and tensile failure, based upon data and experience from the pipeline industry. It was established that three separate quantities might be defined for each loading condition; a limit state criterion, a damage state criterion, and an intervention criterion.
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