Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tenders'
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1
Šatková, Jana Bc. "Participation of a Chosen Company in EU Tenders." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1564.
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The thesis is focused on introduction of basic facts about EU tenders (who publish them, where they are published etc.) and elaborating a detailed project according to specifications of a particular EU tender in the field of translation industry to enable chosen company to succeed and pass really strict requirements and procedures EU bodies apply.
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Moustafa, Ibrahim Mahmoud Mahdi. "A decision support system for the selection of the optimum contractor." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390751.
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Hassan, Rawand. "Case Study on Requirements Communication in WTO-Regulated Tenders." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5254.
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Context. Public procurement is an important economic factor. To protect against corruption government organizations are required to apply principles of non-discrimination and transparency for the procurement of goods such as software and of services such as software development. As a consequence, communicating requirements in software procurement has become challenging from the perspective of fairness and transparency, and also from the perspectives of system value and acceptance. Objectives. This study investigates requirements communication techniques which are being practiced in WTO-regulated tenders. The study also identifies challenges and determines the efficiency, effectiveness, and legal compliances of these techniques Methods. A systematic literature review is used to determine requirements communication approaches used in public procurement projects and the difficulties identified. This is followed by a case study to research the known requirements communication techniques used in the selected case through conducting interviews and artifact analysis. Results. The contributions are guidelines for stakeholders to select suitable techniques to communicate requirements during the procurement process. Challenges and recommendations are presented to be taken into consideration while planning software procurements. Conclusions. This study concluded that from a total of 17 requirements communication techniques, 14 have been used in the project analyzed in the case study. It is also stated by the interviewees that all of the techniques are legal to use in public procurement with the exception of one, and this is Interview. From both the literature review and the case study conducted in this research, balanced communication techniques are concluded to be most recommended since they will lead to more interaction between customers and suppliers to communicate requirements.
4
Dumoulin, Mathieu. "Personalized large scale classification of public tenders on hadoop." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25425.
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Ce projet a été réalisé dans le cadre d’un partenariat entre Fujitsu Canada et Université Laval. Les besoins du projets ont été centrés sur une problématique d’affaire définie conjointement avec Fujitsu. Le projet consistait à classifier un corpus d’appels d’offres électroniques avec une approche orienté big data. L’objectif était d’identifier avec un très fort rappel les offres pertinentes au domaine d’affaire de l’entreprise. Après une séries d’expérimentations à petite échelle qui nous ont permise d’illustrer empiriquement (93% de rappel) l’efficacité de notre approche basé sur l’algorithme BNS (Bi-Normal Separation), nous avons implanté un système complet qui exploite l’infrastructure technologique big data Hadoop. Nos expérimentations sur le système complet démontrent qu’il est possible d’obtenir une performance de classification tout aussi efficace à grande échelle (91% de rappel) tout en exploitant les gains de performance rendus possible par l’architecture distribuée de Hadoop.This project was completed as part of an innovation partnership with Fujitsu Canada and Université Laval. The needs and objectives of the project were centered on a business problem defined jointly with Fujitsu. Our project aimed to classify a corpus of electronic public tenders based on state of the art Hadoop big data technology. The objective was to identify with high recall public tenders relevant to the IT services business of Fujitsu Canada. A small scale prototype based on the BNS algorithm (Bi-Normal Separation) was empirically shown to classify with high recall (93%) the public tender corpus. The prototype was then re-implemented on a full scale Hadoop cluster using Apache Pig for the data preparation pipeline and using Apache Mahout for classification. Our experimentation show that the large scale system not only maintains high recall (91%) on the classification task, but can readily take advantage of the massive scalability gains made possible by Hadoop’s distributed architecture.
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Ross, Timothy Joseph. "Management of demand based inventory aboard submarine tenders servicing attack (SSN) submarines." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27657.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This thesis examines the computation of inventory levels based on demand history aboard Submarine Tenders that use the Shipboard Automated Data Processing System (SUADPS) for inventory control. The focus of the thesis was the workload and supply effectiveness issues associated with the processing of the SUADPS levels setting program. The objective of the thesis was to determine the effect on supply effectiveness and stock churn if the levels program was processed less frequently. The thesis concludes that the likely effect of less frequent processing of the levels setting program would be an insignificant decrease in supply effectiveness and a significant decrease in stock churn. Further research involving a review of the assumptions and procedures of the SUADPS inventory model was recommended.
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Ross, Timothy J. "Management of demand based inventory aboard submarine tenders servicing attack (SSN) submarines." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA241932.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor: McMasters, Alan W. Second Reader: Kang, Keebom. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 1, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Attack submarines, computer programs, SUADPS (Shipboard Automated Data Processing System). Author(s) subject terms: Retail inventory management, Shipboard Automated Data Processing System (SUADPS). Includes bibliographical references (p. 81). Also available in print.
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Rama, Sobhana. "Managing Information Confidentiality Using the Chinese Wall Model to Reduce Fraud in Government Tenders." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006956.
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Instances of fraudulent acts are often headline news in the popular press in South Africa. Increasingly, these press reports point to the government tender process as being the main enabler used by the perpetrators committing the fraud. The cause of the tender fraud problem is confidentiality breach of information. This is accomplished, in part, by compromising the tender information contained in the government information system. This results in the biased award of a tender. Typically, the information in the tender process should be used to make decisions about a tender’s specifications, solicitation, evaluation and adjudication. The sharing of said information to unauthorised persons can be used to manipulate and corrupt the process. This in turn corrupts the tender process by awarding a tender to an unworthy recipient. This research studies the generic steps in the tender process to understand how information is used to corrupt the tender process. It proposes that conflict of interest, together with a lack of information confidentiality in the information system, paves the way for possible tender fraud. Thereafter, a system of internal controls is examined within the South African government as well as in foreign countries to investigate measures taken to reduce the breach of confidential information in the tender process. By referring to the Common Criteria Security Model, various critical security areas within the tender process are identified. This measure is assisted with the ISO/IEC 27002 (2005) standard which has guiding principles for the management of confidential information. Thereafter, an information security policy,the Chinese Wall Model will be discussed as a means of reducing instances where conflict of interest may occur. Finally, an adapted Chinese Wall Model, which includes elements of the tender process, is presented as a way of reducing fraud in the government tender process. Finally, the research objective of this study is presented in the form of Critical Success Factors that aid in reducing the breach of confidential information in the tender process. As a consequence, tender fraud is reduced. These success factors have a direct and serious impact on the effectiveness of the Chinese Wall Model to secure the confidentiality of tender information. The proposed Critical Success Factors include: the Sanitisation Policy Document, an Electronic Document Management System, the Tender Evaluation Ethics Document, the Audit Trail Log and the Chinese Wall Model Prosecution Register.
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Drew, Philip. "The factors affecting the auditor selection decisions of FTSE 350 companies in competitive tenders." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9272.
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Auditing provides an important role supporting the function of financial
markets where information asymmetry exists between shareholders and
management. The audit market for the largest publicly listed UK companies,
those within the FTSE 350, has however come under scrutiny following a number
of financial scandals and, driven both by quality and competition concerns as the
largest audit firms, the “Big 4” are dominant. Auditor tenure and long periods
without competitive tenders have been recurrent concerns and yet how
companies select their auditors is under researched.
This study examines the influences on the complex decision process
underlying auditor selection in FTSE 350 companies during an important period,
namely that between the acquisition of Arthur Andersen by Deloitte in August
2002 and the introduction of the September 2012 UK Corporate Governance
Code by the Financial Reporting Council.
Based on a social constructionist philosophical perspective and adopting a
grounded approach, the study covers 60 auditor selection decisions (over half of
those identified in the research period) and includes in depth interviews over a
period of two years with those who had recently been involved in a FTSE 350
auditor selection process; both from the buy-side and the sales-side.
A conceptual model is developed which illustrates five factor groups that
this research identified as influencing auditor selection in typically
comprehensive proposal processes. These were: Relationships at the start of the
proposal process, Service design, Capabilities and competences of the bidding
firms, Behavioural influences during the proposal process and Final decision
making. It also identifies interrelationships between these factor groups.
These results are important because they inform theory and practice at a
time when auditor change is becoming a statutory requirement. The study also
has implications for other complex purchases of intangible services, particularly
other professional services, and potentially for complex decision situations more
generally.
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Slabová, Veronika. "Analýza vlivu otevřenosti zadávacího řízení na konečnou cenu veřejných zakázek." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192591.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the impact of openness (competition) to the final price of public tender. The openness is presented by a number of bids offered to a tender and is compared to the level of savings, i.e. ratio of final and assumed value of the tender. The analysis is done on a data set of tenders of works published in the year 2013, which contain 5065 tenders. Based on correlation and regression analysis, the impact of openness was confirmed, concretely each additional bid decrease final price of tender by 2,36 percent. Recommendations for changes of the tender handling are stated at the end of the thesis.
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Drake, Samielle. "The Price of Few Tenders : -Evidence from Public Procurement of Internal Cleaning Services in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172395.
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The key objective of a procuring entity is to ensure that it procures services and goods with satisfactory quality at a reasonable cost, but how does the competitive environment effect the realization of these ambitions? The empirical analysis aimed to investigate the effect of qualifications criteria, interpreted as a mean to ensure high-quality services, on the number of submitted tenders as well as the effect of the number of tenders on the size of the bids of public procurement of internal cleaning services in Sweden during 2015-2017. The expectation is that qualification criterions imposes both entry costs and costs associated with fulfilling the contract. With increased prerequisite costs, firms could choose not to participate as the cost associated with becoming a qualified tender are considered too high. Further, increased competition is expected to reduce the size of the placed bid. The diminution of the size of the bid is expectedas a consequence of reduced mark-ups with increased level of competition. To test the hypotheses, an instrument variable 2SLS regression was considered. The main results of the empirical analysis concluded that there are costs associated with few tenders. The direction of effects of setting qualification criteria did not yield cohesive results, as some increased the number of tenders and other decreases them, while some had no significant effect.
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Dvořáková, Jitka. "Veřejné zakázky v oblasti ICT." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85169.
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The thesis is focused on analysis of complicated situation in public tenders in ICT field. The content is divided into two main parts. The first part provides an overview of historical development in terms of legal definition of basic laws in public tenders. Historical excursion includes a chapter dealing with the proposed amendment to public tenders act. There are shown the main points that would have a significant impact and would change the process of future commissioning of public tenders. The second part is practically oriented, beginning with computerization of public tenders and dealing further with a practical side of public tenders. There are also defined administrative offenses of commissioners as well as those of suppliers in this part of the thesis. The main focus of the work is an analysis of the most serious cases of public tenders commissioning in ICT field and definition of the biggest faults that occur. There are also provided suggestions as to how to deal with the situation in this part of the thesis.
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Alzaben, Abdulla Ali. "Under the shadow of sharia law : the implementation of Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) provisions by Saudi Arabian government tenders and procurement law." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14515.
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This research is a scientific study about the approach of sharia law to the implementation of the requirements of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) in government tenders and procurement law in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia has reformed its legal system in order to be part of the WTO. Furthermore, Saudi Arabia has adopted measures to liberalize its procurement market, as it modified the procurement law in 2006. However, Saudi Arabia is not party to the GPA. The protective measures and lack of transparency are the main characteristics of the procurement law which contradict the main principles of the GPA which are transparency and non-discrimination. The impact of joining the WTO for Saudi Arabia was fruitful, as the quality of goods and services has been improved, and also the settlement of trade disputes has become professional. Therefore, as Saudi Arabia suffers from the low quality of products and services in some sectors, and stalled projects have become a relatively common feature, the main aim of this research is to bridge the gap between the GPA and procurement law. The chapters of this research will discuss the legitimacy of the GPA in the eyes of sharia law, which is the main source for all Saudi laws. The main contradiction between the GPA and procurement law will be reconciled according to the public interest methods which are approved by sharia law. The research considers some cases from the Board of Grievances [the administrative court] as well as some of the Council of Ministers’ decisions in Saudi Arabia. They show that there is an urgent need to reform the procurement law provisions, in particular provisions related to transparency and non-discrimination. In addition, these provisions might be the main reasons for the delay in joining the GPA by Saudi Arabia.
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Karacan, Volkan Hulusi. "Abnormally Lowest Bids In Public Construction Works." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609391/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this thesis is to determine the importance of abnormally low
tenders for Turkey, understand the problems created by abnormally low tenders,
find reasons of them, develop various methods in reducing abnormally low tender
problem and determine the most appropriate method. In this thesis, reasons of
abnormally low tenders in Europe and Turkey were investigated. Various
recommendations were developed for solving the problem and validity of these
solutions was investigated. Different results were obtained due to the different
social structure of countries. Besides, abnormally low tender evaluation
questionnaire was used to find reasons of abnormally low tenders in Turkey. This
questionnaire reached to 430 firms or people and by detailed analysis of
questionnaire, reasons of abnormally low tenders were found out and some
solution methods were proposed.
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DOMICIANO, JÚNIOR Ataíde. "Licitações sustentáveis: o caso da EMBRAPA algodão." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1716.
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As licitações sustentáveis são entendidas como aquelas que viabilizam o atendimento das necessidades do Órgão Público colaborando, ao mesmo tempo, para o desenvolvimento sustentável do país. O problema dessa pesquisa será identificar e analisar quais aspectos da legislação estão sendo observados na Embrapa Algodão para a realização das licitações sustentáveis? O objetivo geral deste trabalho será identificare analisar os aspectos da legislação que estão sendo observados pela Embrapa Algodão para a realização das licitações sustentáveis e os específicos serão: identificar aspectos da legislação que determinem a realização das licitações sustentáveis nos Órgãos Públicos; apresentar um diagnóstico sobre a utilização de critérios sustentáveis nas licitações da Embrapa Algodão; elaborar um Plano de Ação para aperfeiçoamento da realização de licitações sustentáveis na empresa. Essa pesquisa é descritiva, qualitativa e bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que é obrigatória, do ponto de vista jurídico, a realização das licitações sustentáveis nos Órgãos Públicos. No entanto, as mesmas enfrentam o desafio de provar que os benefícios de sua realização são maiores do que os seus custos. Outros desafios a sua implementação são: falta controle e cobrança a sua execução, falta de capacitação dos servidores públicos, número reduzido de fornecedores e bens que atendam alguns critérios sustentáveis, entre outros. Concluiu-se também que a Embrapa Algodão utiliza critérios sustentáveis previstos nas Instruções Normativas Federais nº 1/2010 e10/2012 da SLTI/MPOG, além do Decreto Federal nº 7.746/2012, de forma parcial, sendo necessária a criação de uma Comissão Gestora para elaborar, efetivar e controlar um Plano de Logística Sustentável para empresa, incluindo neste, a implementação de critérios sustentáveis nas licitações da empresa.
The sustainable bids are understood as those that enable the attendance of the needs of the Public Organ collaborating, at the same time, for the sustainable development of the country. The problem with this research will be to identify and analyze which aspects of the legislation are being observed at Embrapa Algodão for sustainable bidding? The general objective of this work will be to identify and analyze the aspects of the legislation that Embrapa Algodão is observing for the execution of the sustainable bids and the specific ones will be: to identify aspects of the legislation that determine the execution of the sustainable biddings in the Public Bodies; present a diagnosis about the use of sustainable criteria in Embrapa Algodão'sbids; to prepare a Plan of Action for the improvement of sustainable bidding in the company. This research is descriptive, Qualitative and bibliographical. It was concluded that it is legally obligatory to carry out sustainable procurement in Public Organs. However, they face the challenge of proving that the benefits of their realization are greater than their costs. Other challenges include the lack of control and enforcement, lack of training of public servants, a reduced number of suppliers and goods that meet some sustainable criteria, among others. It was also concluded thatEmbrapa Algodão uses sustainable criteria set forth in Federal Normative Instructions nº. 1/2010 and 10/2012 of SLTI/MPOG, in addition to Federal Decree nº. 7.746/2012, in a partial manner, being necessary the creation of a Management Committee to elaborate, implement and control a Sustainable Logistics Plan for the company, including in this one, the implementation of sustainable criteria in the company's bids.
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Elder, John. "The History of the Master Builders Association of NSW: The First Hundred Years." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1936.
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The study of employer associations in Australia has focused on the activities of state employers’ federations and peak employer organisations in the federal sphere and on the effect on those organisations of Australia’s compulsory conciliation and arbitration system. The majority of literature has continued to mainly focus on national employer associations and on their difficulties in achieving national unity due to the differing views of their State branches. Despite their historic relevance, state employer associations that were established during the colonial era have been virtually ignored. Whilst single industry associations at the state level have also had to come to terms with the demands of Australia’s dual industrial relations systems, the role of the state systems and of the state-based employer associations appear to have attracted comparatively little academic interest. The effect on employer associations of the character and status of those who direct and influence their operations has received little, if any, analysis. Leading builders who were the major contractors of their time established the Master Builders Association of NSW (MBA/NSW) during the colonial era, and those that led the association throughout the turmoil of the 1890s, a major depression and two world wars continued to be the leading builders in the State of New South Wales. Following the Second World War, the character of the MBA/NSW changed with the absorption of suburban associations that comprised small to medium-sized builders. That development was compounded by the changes in the size, height and complexity of buildings within the Central Business District of Sydney and in other centres throughout the metropolitan area. Enormous capital was required to fund construction works and large corporations were formed and the bench-mark of what constituted a major contractor was raised considerably. Those events had an enormous impact on the character and operations of the MBA/NSW. This historical thesis seeks to explain why the MBA/NSW was successfully established in 1873 after two previous attempts; and, what accounts for its subsequent survival and growth. It analyses the various challenges that faced the MBA/NSW during its first one hundred years and the effect on that association of the policies and practices of iii architects, governments, trade unions and other employer associations. It traces the 1890 establishment of the Master Builders Federation of Australia (MBFA), the oldest federal industry association in Australia, by the MBA/NSW and its sister associations from other areas of Australia and analyses the manner in which the State-based Master Builders Associations each fought to retain their individual independence and reject any attempts to cede their powers so as to convert their federation into a national centralised body. The need for quick national responses of major building companies during the 1970s was addressed through a composite organization created by the Master Builder movement and the Australian Federation of Construction Contractors due to the continued refusal of the Master Builders associations to cede their powers to MBFA. The development of the trade union movement in the building industry in New South Wales is also analysed together with reference to the history of building industry awards in this State. The study also outlines the history of MBA/NSW initiatives and policies related to tendering and industrial relations which came under increasing pressure due to legal challenges from disciplined members and to changes arising from industrial and trade practices legislation. The practice of convening tender meetings, the introduction of Builders Licensing in New South Wales and, the origins of the MBA/NSW Group Apprenticeship Scheme are each described.
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Elder, John. "The History of the Master Builders Association of NSW: The First Hundred Years." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1936.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)The study of employer associations in Australia has focused on the activities of state employers’ federations and peak employer organisations in the federal sphere and on the effect on those organisations of Australia’s compulsory conciliation and arbitration system. The majority of literature has continued to mainly focus on national employer associations and on their difficulties in achieving national unity due to the differing views of their State branches. Despite their historic relevance, state employer associations that were established during the colonial era have been virtually ignored. Whilst single industry associations at the state level have also had to come to terms with the demands of Australia’s dual industrial relations systems, the role of the state systems and of the state-based employer associations appear to have attracted comparatively little academic interest. The effect on employer associations of the character and status of those who direct and influence their operations has received little, if any, analysis. Leading builders who were the major contractors of their time established the Master Builders Association of NSW (MBA/NSW) during the colonial era, and those that led the association throughout the turmoil of the 1890s, a major depression and two world wars continued to be the leading builders in the State of New South Wales. Following the Second World War, the character of the MBA/NSW changed with the absorption of suburban associations that comprised small to medium-sized builders. That development was compounded by the changes in the size, height and complexity of buildings within the Central Business District of Sydney and in other centres throughout the metropolitan area. Enormous capital was required to fund construction works and large corporations were formed and the bench-mark of what constituted a major contractor was raised considerably. Those events had an enormous impact on the character and operations of the MBA/NSW. This historical thesis seeks to explain why the MBA/NSW was successfully established in 1873 after two previous attempts; and, what accounts for its subsequent survival and growth. It analyses the various challenges that faced the MBA/NSW during its first one hundred years and the effect on that association of the policies and practices of iii architects, governments, trade unions and other employer associations. It traces the 1890 establishment of the Master Builders Federation of Australia (MBFA), the oldest federal industry association in Australia, by the MBA/NSW and its sister associations from other areas of Australia and analyses the manner in which the State-based Master Builders Associations each fought to retain their individual independence and reject any attempts to cede their powers so as to convert their federation into a national centralised body. The need for quick national responses of major building companies during the 1970s was addressed through a composite organization created by the Master Builder movement and the Australian Federation of Construction Contractors due to the continued refusal of the Master Builders associations to cede their powers to MBFA. The development of the trade union movement in the building industry in New South Wales is also analysed together with reference to the history of building industry awards in this State. The study also outlines the history of MBA/NSW initiatives and policies related to tendering and industrial relations which came under increasing pressure due to legal challenges from disciplined members and to changes arising from industrial and trade practices legislation. The practice of convening tender meetings, the introduction of Builders Licensing in New South Wales and, the origins of the MBA/NSW Group Apprenticeship Scheme are each described.
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Monteiro, Helena Telino. "A Constitucionalidade do decreto de licita??es da Petrobr?s ? luz dos princ?pios da legalidade e da efici?ncia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13916.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-13PETROBRAS, a Brazilian oil company, follows principles of public administration and from the Constitutional Amendment 9/95 in Brazil began to compete with other companies with the flexibility of the oil monopoly. In this new model started to use the simplified procedure for bidding so that could compete on equal terms. The ordinance that adopted a simplified procedure for bidding has been the subject of some criticism and lawsuits especially under the Court of Audit and the Supreme Court in Brazil. The analysis of their constitutionality, and the possibility of their use by other group companies is the theme of this work, and for this purpose, permeates through the notions of judicial review in the Brazilian law on the stage of law and economics analysis of the norm, and the principles applicable to PETROBRAS and the devices most frequently asked about the implementation of 2745/98 Decree. For this, the basic issue that should be investigated further is the regulatory power of the Federal Executive and the delegation of powers within the legislature and its conformation to the constitutional regency
A PETROBRAS segue princ?pios da Administra??o P?blica e a partir da Emenda Constitucional 9/95 passou a competir com outras empresas com a flexibiliza??o do monop?lio do petr?leo. Neste novo modelo passou a utilizar de procedimento simplificado de licita??o a fim de que pudesse concorrer em condi??es de igualdade. O decreto que aprovou um procedimento simplificado de licita??o vem sendo objeto de algumas cr?ticas e processos judiciais especialmente no ?mbito do Tribunal de Contas da Uni?o e do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A an?lise de sua constitucionalidade, bem como a possibilidade de sua utiliza??o por outras empresas do grupo ? o tema desta disserta??o que, para tanto, perpassa pelas no??es de controle de constitucionalidade no direito brasileiro no cen?rio da an?lise econ?mica da norma, bem como pelos princ?pios aplic?veis ? PETROBRAS e os dispositivos mais questionados acerca da aplica??o do Decreto 2745/98. Para tanto, o tema de fundo que ? aprofundado ? o poder normativo do Executivo Federal, bem como a delega??o de poderes no ?mbito do Legislativo e sua conforma??o ? norma constitucional de reg?ncia
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Kovář, Martin. "Uplatnění case management přístupu při návrhu elektronického nástroje pro zadávání veřejných zakázek." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199009.
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The main topic of the thesis is case management - a modern concept of dynamic business processes that emphasizes data and user involvement in decision-making process. The main goal is to create a functional prototype of information system for e-procurement based on case management approach that solves problematic aspects of current electronic procurement environment in Czech Republic. In the theoretical section, there is a description of the basic concept of case management and the possible use of case management across various sectors. Subsequently the reference model and general architecture of case management system are introduced and an optimal methodology for modelling and analysis of case management solution that combines existing standards in context is proposed. The practical section contains an analysis of the functional requirements and description of the electronic public procurement system, both in terms of the minimum legal requirements for solutions and problematic area derived from the perspective of Czech eGovernement. Detailed implementation-ready model is created using the proposed modelling methodology that forms a foundation for implementation of the selected scope of the electronic procurement system based on the IBM platform. Created prototype facilitates a procurement specification via an easy-to-use interface that incorporates methodological support when entering the data, automatic recommendation of suitable suppliers and proactive inspection of a compliance with regulatory requirements. Contribution of the work lies in the demonstration of possibilities for optimal e-procurement solution implementation. Within the results of the work are identified obvious practical benefits of case management for this area, particularly the speed of deployment and implementation changes, variable and dynamic user experience and efficient distribution of necessary information to the end-user. I have evaluated usage of a case management system for similar projects as appropriate and useful.
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Vogt, Nora Verfasser], Kilian [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bizer, Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Marggraf, and Jutta [Akademischer Betreuer] Geldermann. "Trust and Reciprocity in the Market-Based Provision of Public Goods. Experimental Evidence and Applications to Conservation Tenders / Nora Vogt. Gutachter: Kilian Bizer ; Rainer Marggraf ; Jutta Geldermann. Betreuer: Kilian Bizer." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045776122/34.
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Lees, Cynthia Currie. "Jacques Poulin et le Nouveau Roman de Tendre: (Jacques Poulin and the New Tender Novel)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LeesCC2003.pdf.
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Kirschbauer, Klaus Giovanelli. "Mineralização in vitro de matrizes colagênicas derivadas de tendões calcâneos bovinos e de avestruz." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-11032010-104747/.
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Um dos maiores desafios da ortopedia moderna é recuperar o tecido ósseo que tenha sido perdido por motivo de doença ou acidente. Na busca de substitutos para os enxertos, tem-se utilizado comumente biomateriais para recuperação desse tecido. Um dos vários tipos de biomateriais usados são os preparados à base de colágeno. Além de desempenhar papel importante na estrutura dos tecidos, o colágeno é capaz de orientar a formação de tecidos em desenvolvimento fato altamente favorável na sua utilização como biomaterial. Uma nova vertente de pesquisa do processo de mineralização de matrizes colagênicas que vem sendo desenvolvida é a analise de como a organização do tecido interfere no modo como ocorre esse processo de deposição. O uso do tendão vem sido pesquisado devido ao fato de ser um tecido extremamente organizado, com as fibras colagênicas alinhadas por toda a sua extensão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a preparação e caracterização de matrizes de colágeno tipo I, oriundas de tendão bovino (TB) e avestruz (TA) após a hidrólise alcalina e mineralização. Os tendões foram colocados em solução alcalina contendo sais de K+, Na+ e Ca2+ por 72, 96 e 120 h a 25°C e depois equilibrados em solução de sais, lavados em H3BO3, EDTA e água. As matrizes resultantes foram então mineralizadas em soluções de CaCl2 0,2 mol L-1, pH = 7,4 e de Na2HPO4 0,12 mol L-1 pH = 9,0 durante 6 h, ocorrendo a troca de soluções a cada 30 min. As matrizes antes e após mineralização foram congeladas, liofilizadas e submetidas à análise termogravimétrica (TG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia no infra-vermelho (FT-IR) e dispersão de energia por raios-X (EDX). DSC mostrou que não houve desnaturação do colágeno durante o processo de tratamento alcalino e mineralização. A análise termogravimétrica mostrou que houve deposição de fosfato de cálcio, com o valor dependendo do número de ciclos de mineralização. MEV mostrou que essa mineralização não é uniforme, ocorrendo a formação de aglomerados. FT-IR e EDX mostrou que o fosfato de cálcio depositado provavelmente seja hidroxiapatita, mas não em sua estrutura estequiométrica.One of greatest challenges of modern orthopedics is to restore bone tissue that has been lost due to sickness or accident. Searching for substitutes for grafts, biomaterials have been commonly used for recovery of bone tissue. Between different types of biomaterials, several are based on collagen. In addition to have important role in tissue structure, collagen is able to guide the formation of tissues, a highly favorable fact in its use as biomaterial. A possible research in collagen scaffolds mineralization is the analysis of how tissue organization interferes in deposition process. The tendon has been used because it is a highly organized tissue, with collagen fibers lined on its structure. This research aims the preparation and characterization of type I collagen scaffolds, prepared from bovine tendon (TB) and ostrich tendon (TA) after alkaline hydrolysis and mineralization. Tendons were maintained in alkaline solution containing K+, Na+ and Ca2+ ions for 72, 96 and 120 hours at 25°C and then equilibrated in salt solution, washed with H3BO3, EDTA and water. The resulting matrices were then mineralized in 0.2 mol L-1, pH = 7.4 CaCl2 solution and 0.12 mol L-1 Na2HPO4 pH = 9.0 for 6 h, changing solutions after 30 minutes. The matrices before and after mineralization were frozen, lyophilized and subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). DSC showed that the collagen was not denaturated by alkaline treatment process and mineralization. TG analysis showed deposition of calcium phosphate on the scaffolds, with values depending on the number of mineralization cycles. SEM showed that the mineralization is not uniform, forming clusters of phosphate crystals. FT-IR and EDS showed that the deposited calcium phosphate is probably hydroxyapatite, but not in its stoichiometric structure.
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Buzek, Ondřej. "Management principu 3E - defraudace a prevence v praxi." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205649.
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The thesis discusses very actual issues concerning the management of the 3E principle in decisions related to the public funds expenditure decisions, especially in context of EU funding, and expands on the problems and deficiencies in the actual system of publicly funded procurement and related control. In the theoretical part, the thesis provides an insight into the basic terms and the relevant theoretical, legislative and methodological framework. The practical part then analyzes and assesses the conclusions of a review of 33 publicly funded projects financed both from EU funds and/or the national budget, in a cumulated value of 11.3 billion CZK. Further on, the thesis detects fraudulent schemes occurring repeatedly in the mentioned population of reviewed projects which are then categorized by the author. In the thesis's conclusion the author defines public funding fraud detection methods and delimits several proposals and recommendations on how to amend the identified deficiencies, both on the system and organizational levels.
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Belisle, Alaina. "Almost Tender." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555613104685531.
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Short, Anna. "Tender Alchemy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1555718320899574.
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Marcos, Fernando Marques de [UNESP]. "Efeitos da mobilização precose e da mobilizaçao sobre o reparo do tendão patelar em ratos: análise morfológica e morfométrica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87815.
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marcos_fm_me_botib.pdf: 650277 bytes, checksum: 42c9e74768577cf19f4d2fbef139c6c1 (MD5)OS tendões, estruturas importantes para a realização de movimentos, são constituidos por fibroblastos e fibrócitos alongados separados por uma abundante matriz extracelular (MEC) constituida por feixes de colágeno do tipo I, que são paralelos, espessos e perfeitamente arranjados, oferecendo grande resistência a força de tração. Os tendões são acometidos por lesões, principalmente por esforços excessivos, além de serem importantes fontes de enxerto para a reconstruc;ao do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA). a enxerto mais utilizado por ter caracteristicas histologicas semelhantes com 0 LCA e 0 tendao Patelar (TP). Atualmente, existem vários tipos de tratamento para reparação de tendões. Entre eles pode-se destacar a imobilização do membro afetado por vários dias. Durante o período de reabilitação da reconstrução do LCA, pouco se da importância para a reparação da fonte doadora de enxerto, podendo assim ocorrer diversas complicações com o tendão. Neste estudo, foram investigados os efeitos da imobilização e comparados com a mobilização precoce do membro afetado no processo de reparação do TP. O estudo foi realizado com 48 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, os quais foram divididos em 3 grupos de 16 animais. Os animais sofreram uma lesão cirúrgica no TP esquerdo. Após a lesão, um grupo de animais foi solto na gaiola; o segundo grupo foi realizado mobilização precoce e solto na gaiola sendo continuado a mobilização todos os dias ate o dia do seu sacrificio; e o terceiro grupo foi submetido a uma imobilização do segmento lesado com uma tala de gesso e resina acrílica. Os animais foram sacrificados após 24, 48 horas e 7 dias de lesão. Após o sacrifício, foi coletado o TP e emblocado em parafina. Cortes foram corados pela hematoxilina-eosina e picrossírius. Além disso, nas lâminas de picrossírius foram mensurados o tamanho de ondulações...
Tendons are important structures for the movement, being constituted of layes of alonged fibroblasts and fibrocytes separated by large and aligned type I collagen fibers, providing a great tensile strenght. Tendons lesions are frequent, mainly by excessive loading or induced by surgical proceeding for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The main source of graft for ACL reconstruction is the patellar tendon. Currently, there are several treatment to improve the tendon repair after an injury, among than we can destak the immobilization and early mobilization of the joint. During the reabilitation of ACL after reconstruction little attention has been given to the repair of tendon donor of the graft. In this study, were investigated the effects of the immobilization in comparison to the early mobilization of the joint on the process of pattelar tendon repair. Forthy eight adult male Wistar Rat were divided into 3 groups of 16 animals. All the animals were submitted to a surgical lesion, under anestesia, in the central part of the left patte1ar tendon. After the lesion, a group of animals were left free in the cavage; a second group had the lesioned joint immobilized; and a third group were submitted to early mobilization of the lesioned joint and left free in the cavage. The mobilized group animals were submitted to dayly series of mobilization. The animals were euthanased 24, 48, and 168 hours after the surgery. The patellar tendon was excised and processed for Paraplast embedding. Histological sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosyn and sirius red. Furtermore, the crimp pattern was evaluated by morphometry in the sirius red stained sections observed under polarized light. Immunohistochemistry for PCNA were used to determine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Van, Langenberg Carolyn. "With tender contempt /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051122.103129/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 2000."A thesis submitted to fulfil the requirements for the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Western Sydney, Nepean" Bibliography : leaves 327-348.
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Liljeblad, Elin. "Begreppet onormalt lågt anbud i direktiv 2004/18/EG om offentlig upphandling : Om begreppets innebörd och konsekvenserna av att det saknas förbud mot att anta onormalt låga anbud." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4374.
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Som en följd av Sveriges medlemskap i EU har offentliga upphandlingar kommit att få allt större betydelse eftersom de nu kan ske inom ett betydligt större geografiskt område än tidigare. En konsekvens av detta är att konkurrensen blivit allt hårdare och nya regler införs i takt med den snabba utvecklingen. Ett av resultaten av den hårda konkurrensen på upphandlingsmarknaden har visat sig vara att en del leverantörer lämnar anbud med onormalt låga priser för att vinna upphandlingskontraktet. Förekomsten av onormalt låga anbud i offentliga upphandlingar medför allvarliga negativa konsekvenser såsom att konkurrensen snedvrids, effektiviteten minskar och kostnaderna ökar. Detta påverkar både den upphandlande enheten, leverantören som bjudit onormalt lågt, de leverantörer som slagits ut samt konsumenterna. Att det saknas ett förbud i upphandlingslagstiftningen mot att anta onormalt låga anbud är därför allvarligt. Syftet med denna framställning är att undersöka innebörden av begreppet onormalt lågt anbud i offentliga upphandlingar, belysa problemet med och konsekvenserna av att lagstiftning och regelverk inte i tillräcklig utsträckning uppmärksammar de risker som kan vara förenade med antagandet av onormalt låga anbud samt försöka finna en lösning på problemet.
As a result of Sweden’s membership of the European Union, public procurement has gained more importance, mainly due to the larger geographic territory available. As a consequence of this, competition has become more aggressive and new rules are being incorporated into Swedish law in step with the fast development. One of the results of the tough competition in the public procurement market is that companies may be forced into potentially unsustainable under-bidding in order to win contracts. The presence of these abnormally low tenders in public procurement may have serious negative consequences such as distortion of competition and reduced efficiency, potentially causing delays and waste of resources in the procurement process. This will affect both the contracting authority, the tenderer that has won on an abnormally low bid, the other unsuccessful tenderers, and the ultimately consumers. The fact that public procurement law does not prohibit authorities from accepting abnormally low tenders is therefore potentially very serious. The main objective of this dissertation is to examine the significance of the concept of abnormally low tender, to illuminate the issues surrounding and consequences of the legislative lack of attention to the risks associated with accepting abnormally low tenders, and finally to propose solutions to these issues.
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Stiti, Karim, and Shih Jung Yape. "Bid Forecasting in Public Procurement." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260258.
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Public procurement amounts to a significant part of Sweden's GDP. Nevertheless, it is an overlooked sector characterized by low digitization and inefficient competition where bids are not submitted based on proper mathematical tools. This Thesis seeks to create a structured approach to bidding in cleaning services by determining factors affecting the participation and pricing decision of potential buyers. Furthermore, we assess price prediction by comparing multiple linear regression models (MLR) to support vector regression (SVR). In line with previous research in the construction sector, we find significance for several factors such as project duration, location and type of contract on the participation decision in the cleaning sector. One notable deviant is that we do not find contract size to have an impact on the pricing decision. Surprisingly, the performance of MLR are comparable to more advanced SVR models. Stochastic dominance tests on price performance concludes that experienced bidders perform better than their inexperienced counterparts and companies place more competitive bids in lowest price tenders compared to economically most advantageous tenders (EMAT) indicating that EMAT tenders are regarded as unstructured. However, no significance is found for larger actors performing better in bidding than smaller companies.Offentliga upphandlingar utgör en signifikant del av Sveriges BNP. Trots detta är det en förbisedd sektor som karakteriseras av låg digitalisering och ineffektiv konkurrens där bud läggs baserat på intuition snarare än matematiska modeller. Denna avhandling ämnar skapa ett strukturerat tillvägagångssätt för budgivning inom städsektorn genom att bestämma faktorer som påverkar deltagande och prissättning. Vidare undersöker vi prisprediktionsmodeller genom att jämföra multipel linjära regressionsmodeller med en maskininlärningsmetod benämnd support vector regression. I enlighet med tidigare forskning i byggindustrin finner vi att flera faktorer som typ av kontrakt, projekttid och kontraktsplats har en statistisk signifikant påverkan på deltagande i kontrakt i städindustrin. En anmärkningsvärd skillnad är att kontraktsvärdet inte påverkar prissättning som tidigare forskning visat i andra områden. För prisprediktionen är det överraskande att den enklare linjära regressionsmodellen presterar jämlikt till den mer avancerade maskininlärningsmodellen. Stokastisk dominanstest visar att erfarna företag har en bättre precision i sin budgivning än mindre erfarna företag. Därtill lägger företag överlag mer konkurrenskraftiga bud i kontrakt där kvalitetsaspekter tas i beaktning utöver priset. Vilket kan indikera att budgivare upplever dessa kontrakt som mindre strukturerade. Däremot finner vi ingen signifikant skillnad mellan större och mindre företag i denna bemärkning.
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Nakagaki, Wilson Romero. "Efeito da idade e do ambiente de criação na biomecanica e bioquímica de tendões de frangos." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317659.
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Orientador: Laurecir GomesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Os tendões transmitem forças de tração entre músculo e osso. Os .efeitos dos estímulos mecânicos dependem da localização anatômica e níveis de atividade no tendão e da contração muscular. Além disto, em um mesmo tendão é possível observar a presença de regiões sob tensão e compressão. Diversos estudos têm relacionado alterações bioquímicas na matriz extracelular de tendões em função do exercício fisico e da idade, porém há poucos trabalhos com tendões de fTangos submetidos ou não ao exercício ativo não forçado. Neste trabalho foram analisados aspectos bioquímicos e biomecânicos do tendão calcâneo e do tendão flexor digital superficial de frangos com 1, 5 e 8 meses de idade, criados em gaiolas e em ambiente amplo. Os resultados de biomecânica mostraram que no tendão calcâneo o exercício aumentou a resistência à força de tração a partir do quinto mês, maior absorção de energia no oitavo mês, maior tensão no primeiro mês e maior rigidez no quinto mês. O exercício e a idade estimularam o aumento no conteúdo de colágeno no quinto mês. O exercício aumentou o conteúdo de glicosaminoglicanos no primeiro e oitavo mês e com o avanço da idade aumentou no oitavo mês na região de compressão e diminuiu progressivamente na região de tensão. Para o tendão flexor digital superficial, sinal de mineralização foi observado no quinto mês. Com a maturação, no grupo criado em ambiente amplo, a força (até o quinto mês) e a absorção de energia aumentaram, mas não houve alteração da rigidez, da tensão e da deformação. O exercício demonstrou que resistência à força, tensão e rigidez foram maiores no quinto mês. O conteúdo de colágeno aumentou com a idade do grupo amplo e aumentou com o exercício no quinto e oitavo meses. O conteúdo de glicosaminoglicanos diminuiu na região de tensão no oitavo mês no grupo amplo enquanto na região de compressão se manteve constante a partir do quinto mês. Com o exercício a quantidade de glicosaminoglicanos .. é substancialmente maior em SDFT jovens do que em maturos. Nossos resultados mostraram que o aumento da resistência do tendão, a maior capacidade em absorver energia e o maior conteúdo de colágeno são dependentes do próprio crescimento e maturação, mas também são influenciados pelo exercício ativo não forçado, indicando que a matriz extracelular é capaz de detectar alterações fisicas, como andar e correr, e de transmitir esta informação para as células
Abstract: The tendons transmit tensile strength between muscle and bone. The effects of the mechanical stimuli depend on the anatomicallocation and activity levels in the tendon and of the muscular contraction. Also, in a same tendon it is possible to observe the presence of regions under tension and compression. Several studies have related biochemical differences in the extracellular matrix of tendons in function of physical exercise and age, however there are few works with tendons of chickens submitted or not to the nonforced active exercise. In this work the biochemical and biomechanical aspects of the calcaneus tendon and the superficial digital flexor tendon fTom1, 5 and 8 months old chickens, caged and penned raised were analyzed.. For the calcaneus tendon the exercise increased the resistance to the load starting fTom the fifth month, larger absorption energy in the eighth month, larger stress in the first month and larger stiffness in the fifth month. The exercise and the age stimulated the increase in the collagen content in the fifth month. The exercise increased the glycosaminoglycans content in the first and eighth months and with the age it increased in the eighth month in the compression region and it decreased progressively in the tension region. For the superficial digital flexor tendon, mineralization was observed in the fifth month. With the maturation, in the penned group, the load (until the fifth month) and the absorption of energy increased, but there was not change in the stiffness, stress and strain. The exercise demonstrated that load, stress and stiffness were greater in the fifth month. The collagen content increased with the age on the penned group and with the exercise in the fifth and eighth months. The glycosaminoglycans content decreased in the tension region in the eighth month in the penned group while in the compression region it remained constant starting from the fifth month. With the exercise the glycosaminoglycans expression is substantially larger in young SDFT than in mature ones. Our results demonstrated .. that the raise in the tendon resistance, the larger capacity in energy absorption and the largest collagen content depend on the own growth and maturation, and they' re also influenced by the nonforced active exercise, indicating that the extracellular matrix is able to detect physical alterations, like walk and run, and transmit this information to the cells
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Alves, Flávio Ribeiro. "Avaliação anatômica e radiográfica da região distal dos membros torácicos de asininos (Equus asinus) utilizados como veículo de tração animal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-04072007-121903/.
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A espécie asinina (E. asinus) teve sua origem há milhares de anos, se desenvolvendo a partir de um tronco comum ao do eqüino doméstico que conhecemos. Vem passando por um processo adaptativo, apresentando características distintas, quando os observamos em diversas partes do planeta. Na região nordeste do Brasil, desenvolve um papel fundamental, influenciando diretamente na renda das famílias locais. Tendo em vista o grande número de afecções locomotoras e a falta de cuidados a que estão submetidos, realizou-se um estudo anatômico e radiográfico da região distal de seus membros torácicos, buscando-se subsídios a prática clínica e cirúrgica dedicada a esses animais, bem como a compreensão de sua maior resistência a lesões locomotoras, quando comparado ao eqüino. A avaliação anatômica revelou características musculares semelhantes as já descritas para eqüinos. O exame radiográfico evidenciou lesões severas, caracterizadas por osteíte podal e áreas de reabsorção óssea e remodelamento na margem solear, associadas à rotação da falange distal. Ainda na avaliação radiográfica, caracterizaram-se os principais vasos arteriais dessa região através de técnica angiográfica. Não se observou correlação entre o ângulo de inclinação da muralha do casco e falange distal, com a área de secção transversal dos tendões dos músculos flexores. As maiores secções transversais para o tendão flexor digital superficial, profundo e interósseo, mostraram coincidência com os pontos de maior estresse articular, caracterizando, assim, a resistência dos asininos à lesões nestas estruturas em seu aparelho locomotor.The asinine species was originated thousands of years ago from the same branch of the domestic equine. The asinine have been undergoing to a great adaptation resulting in different characteristics of each population of asinine around the world. In the northeast region of Brazil, they play an essential role in the income of the local families. Due to a large number of locomotor disorders and a lack of professional care, an anatomic and radiographic study of the distal forelimb region of the asinine was carried out in order to gather information to improve the clinical and surgical practice in this species, and to explain the less susceptibility to locomotor disorders compared to equines. The anatomical study showed that asinine have similar muscular characteristics already described for equines. The radiographic exam showed severe lesions, characterized by pedal osteitis, bone reabsorption areas and remodelling of sole margin associated to the distal phalanx rotation. The radiographic study also showed the characterization of the main arterial vessels. No significant correlation was observed between the angle of the hoof wall and the angle of the distal phalanx with the cross section area of the flexor tendons. The larger cross section areas of the superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon and interosseus tendon were coincidental with the great articular stress, explaining the greater resistance of the asinines to lesions in those structures of their locomotor apparatus.
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Marcos, Fernando Marques de. "Efeitos da mobilização precose e da mobilizaçao sobre o reparo do tendão patelar em ratos : análise morfológica e morfométrica /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87815.
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Orientador: Sérgio Luis FelisbinoBanca: Raquel Domeniconi
Banca: Luiz Fernando Barbesian
Resumo: OS tendões, estruturas importantes para a realização de movimentos, são constituidos por fibroblastos e fibrócitos alongados separados por uma abundante matriz extracelular (MEC) constituida por feixes de colágeno do tipo I, que são paralelos, espessos e perfeitamente arranjados, oferecendo grande resistência a força de tração. Os tendões são acometidos por lesões, principalmente por esforços excessivos, além de serem importantes fontes de enxerto para a reconstruc;ao do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA). a enxerto mais utilizado por ter caracteristicas histologicas semelhantes com 0 LCA e 0 tendao Patelar (TP). Atualmente, existem vários tipos de tratamento para reparação de tendões. Entre eles pode-se destacar a imobilização do membro afetado por vários dias. Durante o período de reabilitação da reconstrução do LCA, pouco se da importância para a reparação da fonte doadora de enxerto, podendo assim ocorrer diversas complicações com o tendão. Neste estudo, foram investigados os efeitos da imobilização e comparados com a mobilização precoce do membro afetado no processo de reparação do TP. O estudo foi realizado com 48 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, os quais foram divididos em 3 grupos de 16 animais. Os animais sofreram uma lesão cirúrgica no TP esquerdo. Após a lesão, um grupo de animais foi solto na gaiola; o segundo grupo foi realizado mobilização precoce e solto na gaiola sendo continuado a mobilização todos os dias ate o dia do seu sacrificio; e o terceiro grupo foi submetido a uma imobilização do segmento lesado com uma tala de gesso e resina acrílica. Os animais foram sacrificados após 24, 48 horas e 7 dias de lesão. Após o sacrifício, foi coletado o TP e emblocado em parafina. Cortes foram corados pela hematoxilina-eosina e picrossírius. Além disso, nas lâminas de picrossírius foram mensurados o tamanho de ondulações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Tendons are important structures for the movement, being constituted of layes of alonged fibroblasts and fibrocytes separated by large and aligned type I collagen fibers, providing a great tensile strenght. Tendons lesions are frequent, mainly by excessive loading or induced by surgical proceeding for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The main source of graft for ACL reconstruction is the patellar tendon. Currently, there are several treatment to improve the tendon repair after an injury, among than we can destak the immobilization and early mobilization of the joint. During the reabilitation of ACL after reconstruction little attention has been given to the repair of tendon donor of the graft. In this study, were investigated the effects of the immobilization in comparison to the early mobilization of the joint on the process of pattelar tendon repair. Forthy eight adult male Wistar Rat were divided into 3 groups of 16 animals. All the animals were submitted to a surgical lesion, under anestesia, in the central part of the left patte1ar tendon. After the lesion, a group of animals were left free in the cavage; a second group had the lesioned joint immobilized; and a third group were submitted to early mobilization of the lesioned joint and left free in the cavage. The mobilized group animals were submitted to dayly series of mobilization. The animals were euthanased 24, 48, and 168 hours after the surgery. The patellar tendon was excised and processed for Paraplast embedding. Histological sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosyn and sirius red. Furtermore, the crimp pattern was evaluated by morphometry in the sirius red stained sections observed under polarized light. Immunohistochemistry for PCNA were used to determine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Milvet, Karly R. "Green, Green, & Tender." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1461168477.
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Botero, Lopez Juan Diego. "Gestion des risques par retour d'expérience dans le processus de réponse à appel d'offres." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0090/document.
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Un appel d'offres (AO) est une procédure qui permet au maître d'ouvrage (MOA) de faire le choix du prestataire ou maître d'œuvre (MOE) à qui il confiera une réalisation de travaux, fournitures ou services. Cette pratique, incontournable pour quasiment tous les secteurs professionnels, repose sur la mise en concurrence de prestataires potentiels vis-à-vis d'une demande client. Chaque répondant engage des ressources et du temps pour élaborer des propositions qui ne seront pas toujours retenues. Le processus de réponse à appel d'offres (PRAO) est fortement contraint car, pour être acceptées, les propositions doivent satisfaire aux exigences du Cahier des Charges (CdC) tout en restant économiquement viables pour le prestataire. Le PRAO est une pratique risquée. De façon générale, le premier niveau de risque est de ne pas répondre à l'AO et d'écarter un projet intéressant sur le plan technique et/ou économique ; ensuite, si la décision a été de répondre, un deuxième risque est de ne pas être accepté par le client ; enfin, en cas d'acceptation, si la proposition a été mal élaborée à cause d'une appréciation incorrecte par le prestataire des difficultés sous-tendues par la réalisation, celui-ci peut s'engager dans un processus très pénalisant (dépassements de budgets, non conformités aux exigences techniques, non-respect des délais,…). Afin de minimiser ces risques, nous proposons dans ce travail une amélioration du processus de réponse à appel d'offres (PRAO) par la mise en place d'une instrumentation renforçant ce processus et la définition d'une méthodologie de conduite adaptée. L'objectif est de fournir au MOE des outils d'aide à la décision pour détecter, rendre compte et minimiser les risques potentiels. La démarche consiste à adosser au PRAO un système de retour d'expérience, portant sur les PRAO passés et sur les cycles de développement associés, couplé à une démarche structurée de gestion des risques afin d'offrir au soumissionnaire les appuis nécessaires à la construction d‘une réponse « robuste » à l'AO. Cette instrumentation du cadre de travail du souscripteur et la proposition de conduite associée forment le socle de la méthodologie BiPRiM (Bidding Process Risk Management) que nous avons développée. Nous proposons dans celle-ci la mise en œuvre pratique des modèles de risques et d'expériences PRAO que nous avons développés ; nous nous appuyons sur les mécanismes d'acquisition, de traitement et d'exploitation du système de retour d'expérience sous-jacent pour conduire le processus de gestion des risques PRAO et, en élargissant, le processus décisionnel qui supporte le PRAOCall for tenders is a procedure that allows a client company to choose the provider of works, supplies or services. This practice is essential for almost all industry sectors and is based on the competition of potential providers according to a client request. Each bidder commits ressources and time to develop proposals that will not always be accepted. Bidding Process (BP) is highly constrained because, to be accepted, proposals must meet the client requirements while remaining economically viable for the provider. BP is a risky practice. In general, the first risk level is related to the choice of not responding to a call for tenders whereas it was an opportunity (i.e. an interesting project on technical and/or economic terms). Then, if the decision was to respond, a second risk level is not to be accepted by the client; finally, when the tender is accepted, a third risk level is related to the proposal realization potential problems. Indeed, if the related offer was poorly developed, due to an incorrect assessment by the bidder of the difficulties of the underlying realization, the bidder can be engaged in a very penalizing process (overruns, non-compliance of technical requirements, non-compliance of deadlines...). In order to minimize these risks, an improvement of BP has been proposed by setting up an instrumentation reinforcing this process and by the definition of a methodology for its appropriate management. The objective is therefore to provide to the bidder decision support tools to detect, report and minimize potential risks. The approach consists in the integration to the BP of an experience feedback system involving past bidding processes and associated development cycles, coupled with a structured approach of risk management to provide to the bidder the necessary support for the development of a "robust" response to new calls for tenders. This proposed bidder decision support system instrumentation and the associated management process establish the basis of the BiPRiM methodology (Bidding Process Risk Management) that was developed. In this development, a practical implementation of risk models and BP experiences has been developed. It rests upon the mechanisms of acquisition, processing and exploitation of the underlying experience feedback system in order to conduct the risk management process in the BP while broadening the associated decision-making process
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Oliveira, Antonio Batista da Silva. "Seleção de pessoas para o setor público brasileiro: competências, legislações e visão estratégica." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3965.
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Universidade Federal Fluminense. Gabinete do Reitor. Niterói/RJ
Este estudo partiu do seguinte objetivo: analisar, nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior, se havia (ou não) conexão objetiva entre as ferramentas avaliativas oficialmente empregadas nos concursos públicos e as competências e/ou atribuições dos cargos que elas se propunham a selecionar. Para tanto, foram analisadas dezenas de editais de concursos e legislações pertinentes. Foram definidas cinco categorias equivalentes às ferramentas da amostra: provas objetivas, discursivas, de títulos, práticas e exigência de experiência. Delimitou-se a amostra aos cargos de Auxiliar em Administração e Médico. Quanto à temporalidade, foram escolhidos os editais divulgados ao longo do ano de 2016 (de 01 de janeiro a 16 de outubro, em cumprimento ao cronograma de pesquisa). Os dados foram tratados à luz de análises de frequência apoiadas por análises de conteúdo (quantitativas e qualitativas). Os resultados alcançados demonstraram que o modelo de seleção de pessoas para o setor público brasileiro é, em sua ampla maioria, disfuncional, tendo em vista que as ferramentas dominantemente empregadas são, por sua própria natureza, desconectadas das competências e/ou atribuições dos cargos. O modelo atual de concurso público, vigente sem grandes variações há mais de meio século, padece de baixa atuação estratégica e elevada disfuncionalidade.
The purpose of this study was to analyze in the Federal Institutions of Higher Education whether there was (or not) an objective connection between the evaluation tools officially employed in public examinations and the competencies or duties of the positions they were planning to select. For that, dozens of calls for tenders and relevant legislation were analyzed. Five categories equivalent to the tools of the sample were defined: objective, discursive, title, practice, and experience requirements. The sample was delimited to the positions of Auxiliary in Administration and Medical. Regarding temporality, the notices published during the year 2016 (from January 1 to October 16, in compliance with the research schedule) were chosen. The data were treated in the light of frequency analyses supported by content analyses (quantitative and qualitative). The results obtained showed that the model of selection of people for the Brazilian public sector is, in its large majority, dysfunctional, considering that the dominant tools are, by their very nature, disconnected from the competencies or assignment of the positions. The current model of public tender, in force without major variations for over half a century, suffers from low strategic performance and high dysfunctionality.
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Biancalana, Adriano. "Analise morfologica, biomecanica e bioquimica de tendão de ratos Zucker (fa/fa) obesos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317667.
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Orientadores: Laurecir Gomes, Licio Augusto VellosoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A obesidade é considerada hoje uma epidemia mundial. A obesidade é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública em muitas partes do planeta, onde cresce em taxas alarmantes. No Brasil, a diminuição das taxas de desnutrição vieram acompanhadas pelo aumento das taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade. A obesidade pode ser definida como o acúmulo anormal ou excessivo de gordura, que pode prejudicar a saúde. A obesidade aumenta significativamente o risco do desenvolvimento de problemas de saúde como a hipertensão arterial, derrame, problemas respiratórios, diabetes Melitus (Tipo II), incidência de certas formas de câncer, doenças do coração, alterações músculo esqueléticas e osteoartrites das grandes e pequenas articulações. Sendo que a adiposidade está relacionada aos níveis individuais de gordura para cada individuo. A função dos tendões é transmitir a força criada nos músculos aos ossos, possibilitando o movimento articular. Os tendões são constituídos por células (tenócitos e tenoblastos) e por uma matriz extracelular desenvolvida, constituída por macromoléculas que interagem entre si e com a célula que a produz. A matriz extracelular dos tendões é constituída por colágeno, proteoglicanos e proteínas não colagênicas. Este trabalho objetivou analisar as alterações morfológicas, bioquímicas e biomecânicas do tendão do músculo flexor digital profundo em ratos Zucker geneticamente obesos (fa/fa) e dos animais magros (Fa/_). Os ratos Zucker possuem receptores para leptina não funcionais, e devido a isso desenvolvem obesidade. A avaliação histológica não revelou diferenças, assim como os testes imunohistoquímicos para colágeno do tipo III, nos tendões de ambos os grupos. Na análise ultraestutural do tendão de ambos os animais foram observadas gotículas de lipídio ao longo dos feixes de fibrilas de colágeno. Somente os animais obesos apresentaram fibrilas de colágeno desorganizadas, diferente da distribuição típica esperada para o tecido. O diâmetro das fibrilas de colágeno apresentou distribuição e diâmetro de massa-médio diferente entre os dois grupos. Com relação aos parâmetros mecânicos houve diferença significativa com relação ao deslocamento e a deformação máxima. Os animais obesos apresentaram conteúdo maior de hidroxiprolina enquanto os animais magros apresentaram maior quantidade de proteínas não colagênica e de glicosaminoglicanos. Devido ao elevado sobrepeso e as características do tendão dos animais obesos pode ser concluído que a influência da obesidade sobre os tendões provoca alterações na constituição e organização dos componentes da matriz extracelular. Alterações estas que podem ser relacionadas a modificações organizacionais e estruturais dos feixes de colágeno, influenciando as propriedades mecânicas do tendão e a evolução para um estado patológico.
Abstract: Obesity is considered a worldwide epidemic, one of the biggest public health problems in many parts of the planet, which grows in alarming rates. In Brazil, the decline in rates of malnutrition has been accompanied by rising rates of overweight and obesity, which can be defined as the accumulation of abnormal or excessive fat which presents a risk to health. Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing health problems as hypertension, stroke, respiratory problems, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, skeletal muscle alteration and osteoarthritis. The tendons transmit the strength created in muscles to bones, allowing the joints movement. Tendons consist of cells (tenocyte and tenoblast) and an abundant extracellular matrix composed by collagen, proteoglycans and non-collagenous proteins. This study aimed to analyze the morphological, biochemical and biomechanical alterations of the deep digital flexor tendon in Zucker rats genetically obese (fa/fa) and of lean animals (Fa/_). Histological evaluation and immunohistochemical tests for collagen type III, showed no differences in tendons of both groups. Ultrastructural analysis, showed presence of lipid droplets on the bundles collagen. Only the obese animals showed disorganization in the distribution of fibrils. The diameter of collagen fibrils presented different distribution and mass-average diameter between the two groups, being bimodal in lean rats and unimodal in obese rats. With regard to mechanical parameters significant difference was observed, larger maximum displacement and strain in obese animals. The obese animals presented higher content of hydroxyproline while lean animals showed a larger amount of non-collagenous proteins and glycosaminoglycans. Due to the high overweight of the obese animals can be concluded that the obesity causes changes in the composition and organization of extracellular matrix of the tendon. These alterations may be related to organizational and structural changes of collagen bundles, influencing the mechanical properties of tendon and developments toward a pathological condition.
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Pickett, Josiah D. "Pacific fleet submarine tender optimization." Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34722.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedIn this thesis, we develop a mixed-integer, linear optimization model to guide the resourcing of submarine maintenance conducted by the U.S. Navys two submarine tenders in the Fifth and Seventh Fleets. We assume maintenance demands are known over a given planning horizon, e.g., one month. Inputs to the model include travel times and costs for fly-away teams and tenders to move to where the maintenance is needed. Each maintenance demand can be divided into tasks with characteristics such as: whether or not tender presence is required; the estimated total number of worker-days required; the maximum number of workers that can simultaneously work on each task; the types of maintenance workers that can perform the task; and task due dates. The models output determines the assignment of personnel to meet the demand at minimum cost, including delay penalties. It also guides personnel travel (as a fly-away team or by tender). In addition, the model can be used to accommodate emergent, unscheduled demands by producing an updated schedule that minimizes the impact on an existing schedule. We test our model on small and realistically sized notional examples to demonstrate the input and output of the models, as well as computational run-times.
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Santiago, João Diogo Pratas Branco. "EIOPA’s digital services tender offer." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19276.
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Mestrado em FinançasNesta situação fictícia analisámos um procedimento de procurement a nível europeu na indústria de serviços digitais desenvolvido pela Autoridade Europeia de Seguros e Pensões (EIOPA) com o intuito de criar um Repositório Central (RC) para o reporting das empresas de fundos de pensões como primeiro passo a dar para a implementação do Produto Individual de Reforma Pan-Europeu (PEPP). Desde o processo de seleção do fornecedor mais adequado, os desafios que decorrem desta parceria empresarial são analisados através do âmbito da teoria da agência. Adicionalmente, identificámos comportamentos de risco que explicam as diferentes reacções ao risco nesta relação bilateral e propomos abordagens de gestão de risco para mitigar tais comportamentos. Além disso, observámos que os cenários político e financeiro que envolvem a EIOPA (revisão da Comissão Europeia ao mandato da EIOPA e a forte probabilidade de um Brexit próximo) explicam o nível de dependência nos procedimentos de procurement públicos para serviços digitais, e que a existência de possíveis falhas na Directiva de procurement público 2014/24/EU em relação aos artigos 67 e 72 podem constituir em potenciais situações de risco moral.
In this fictional situation we analyzed a European public procurement procedure in the digital services industry developed by the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) for the creation of a Central Repository (CR) for pension funds undertakings reporting as a first step for the Pan-European Personal Pension Product (PEPP) implementation. Since the selection process of the most suitable supplier, the challenges that arise from this business partnership are analyzed through the Agency theory scope. Additionally, we identified risk behaviors that explain the different reactions towards risk in this bilateral relationship, and proposed risk management approaches to mitigate such risk behaviors. Moreover, we observed that EIOPA's political and financial background (EC revision of EIOPA's mandate and the hypothesis of a near Brexit) explain the level of dependency on public procurement procedures for digital services, and the existence of possible breaches on public procurement Directive 2014/24/EU regarding Articles 67 and 72 may allow potential moral hazard situations.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Muniz, Paulo Henrique. "A eficácia das cotas raciais nos concursos públicos do estado do Paraná: uma abordagem a partir dos editais." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3242.
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The present work presents a quantitative exploratory analysis of system of racial quotas in public tenders in the State of Paraná, in order to verify the effectiveness of public policy. For that, a priori was a theoretical review of the field of evaluation of public policies, and historical of the political and legal process in the national scenario that culminated in State Law nº 14.274/2003, which provides for the reserve of 10% of vacancies for black in public tenders in Paraná. Subsequently, a quantitative analysis of the result of the process of reserving vacancies for admission to the public service, comparing, the results obtained with those of wide-open places and vacancies reserved for the disabled. The central question of the research was to find out if ten years after its implementation if the policy of racial quotas has produced the desired results. The results obtained from the analysis of the edicts of the selected samples (SEED and TJPR contests), during the period from 2004 to 2014 and secondary sources (School Census and Census of Judicial Power) allow us to conclude that the reserve strategy of racial quotas in public tenders is effective, because the percentage number of candidates who entered the public service by racial quotas in the different areas during the period studied is close to that established by law.
O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise exploratória quantitativa do sistema de cotas raciais nos concursos públicos do Estado do Paraná com o objetivo de verificar a eficácia desta política pública. Para tanto, a priori foi realizada uma revisão teórica do campo de avaliação de políticas públicas, e uma abordagem histórica do processo político e jurídico no cenário nacional que culminou na Lei Estadual nº 14.274/2003, a qual dispõe sobre a reserva de 10% das vagas para negros nos concursos públicos do Paraná. A posteriori, uma análise quantitativa do resultado do processo de reserva de vagas para ingresso no serviço público, comparando os resultados obtidos com os de vagas de ampla concorrência e vagas reservadas para deficientes. A questão central desta pesquisa foi descobrir se, passados dez anos de sua implementação, a política de cotas raciais tem alcançado os resultados pretendidos. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise dos editais das amostras selecionadas (concursos da SEED e do TJPR), durante o período compreendido entre 2004 a 2014, e das fontes secundárias (Censo Escolar e Censo do Poder Judiciário) permitem concluir que a estratégia de reserva de cotas raciais nos concursos públicos é eficaz, pois o número percentual de candidatos que ingressaram no serviço público por cotas raciais nas diferentes áreas, durante o período estudado é próximo do estabelecido pela lei.
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Sheline, Kensey R. "A program evaluation of Tender Hearts." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=577.
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Stephenson, Craig Allen. "Essays on repurchases and tender offers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186799.
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This thesis examines stock repurchases. Chapter 1 begins the study by discussing and testing several possible motivations for stock buy backs, including firm undervaluation, changes in firm capital structure, expropriation from debtholders, distribution of free cash flow, and signalling informed insiders' asymmetric information to the market. Empirical tests of these hypothesized motivations are consistent with undervaluation and signalling reductions in firm risk, but inconsistent with the capital structure, expropriation, and free cash flow hypotheses. The remainder of the thesis focuses on the determinants of repurchase premiums. Chapter 2 begins with a discussion of the mechanics of share repurchase, before developing two competing hypotheses regarding repurchase premiums. The first is the liquidity hypothesis, which posits that supply curves for shares are perfectly elastic, and repurchase premiums are a function of the substitutability and liquidity of the stock. The heterogeneity hypothesis, in contrast, holds that supply curves for shares are upward-sloping, and repurchase premiums are a function of any factor that affects either the slope of the supply curve or the demand for shares along the supply curve. Chapter 2 concludes by developing a formal model of repurchase premiums, for use in empirical tests of the alternative hypotheses, which are conducted in Chapter 3. Results of these tests are inconsistent with the liquidity hypothesis, as repurchase premiums are not found to be a function of substitutability or liquidity. Repurchase premiums, however, are consistent with the heterogeneity hypothesis, as they are found to be a significant function of the variability of stockholder consensus about the stock, and the variability of the capital gains tax lock-in effect between shareholders.
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Barbosa, Alexandre Wesley Carvalho. "Efeitos da dieta rica em leucina e da atividade fisica sobre a matriz extracelular de tendão de ratos submetidos a recuperação nutriconal." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317654.
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Orientador: Laurecir Gomes, Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes MarcondesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: o tendão apresenta-se como um dos integrantes essenciais do complexo de movimentação angular nas articulações e tem sido estudado em sua estrutura e composição bioquímica quando sob tensão, compressão, após exercício e durante o envelhecimento. Em condições de estresse, a constituição bioquímica da matriz extracelular do tendão é alterada no tipo e/ou na quantidade do colágeno, proteoglicanos e glicosaminoglicanos. A desnutrição severa afeta de forma significativa à síntese protéica e a capacidade de resposta corporal à atividade física. A utilização de dieta rica em leucina tem demonstrado influência no implemento da síntese protéica e na recuperação corpórea após desnutrição severa. O presente estudo se propôs a submeter ratos às condições: (1) desnutrição protéica severa; (2) recuperação nutricional com dieta normal (C); (3) recuperação nutricional com dieta rica em leucina (L); e (4) exercício físico na água, e analisar os conteúdo de colágeno e as propriedades biomecânicas do tendão flexor profundo dos dedos de ratos. Após período de desnutrição, grupos recuperados com leucina apresentaram concentrações elevadas de hidroxiprolina em relação aos demais grupos. Quanto à carga, grupos exercitados obtiveram valores idênticos ao controle. O grupo desnutrido apresentou menor valor entre os demais. Na tensão, o controle, o desnutrido e o recuperado com leucina não diferiram entre si, diferindo apenas do controle exercitado.O grupo renutrido com dieta C e exercitado sofreu a menor tensão. Os maiores valores de deformação foram observados no controle, recuperado com dieta L e recuperados com dieta C (exercitado e sedentário). Os grupos desnutrido, recuperado com leucina e exercitado e o controle exercitado, que obtiveram os menores valores, diferiram dos grupos recuperado com leucina e renutrido com dieta C e exercitado, estes semelhantes ao controle. Os resultados sugerem que, após desnutrição protéica, a dieta L promove implementação na síntese de colágeno do tendão, no entanto, para níveis nonnais de colágeno, a aplicação da dieta C é suficiente. O exercício físico na água favorece a síntese de colágeno, principalmente quando associado à dieta L, mas as propriedades biomecânicas são afetadas por microtraumas cumulativos resultantes do protocolo empregado. Uma menor intensidade no programa de exercícios pode favorecer a resposta à tração
Abstract: Tendon is an essential component ofthe angular motion complex and it has been studied on its structure and biochemical composition under tension, compression, after exercise and during ageing. Under stress, the biochemical constitution of the extracellular matrix is altered in kind and the amount of collagen, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. In this way, severe protein-caloric malnourishe alters the protein synthesis and the body response to exercise. Leucine-rich diet increases the proteins synthesis and improves the body recovery and response to severe under nutrition. Leucine-rich diet groups showed greater hydroxyproline amount. Analyzing the load (biomechanical properties), control exercised group (CT), undemourished (D), recovered and exercised (DRT), recovered with leucine- rich diet and exercised (DRLT) groups achieved identical statistic values to control group (C). The D group showed the minor leveI among the others, statistically decreased when compared to C, recovered group (DRC) e recovered with leucine-rich diet (DRL). On the stress results, C, D and DRL had the same contents, differing only to CT. DRT group suffered the minor stress. DRC, DRLT and CT were different to C group. The highest strain levels were observed on C, DRL, DRT and DRC groups. D, DRLT and CT groups, achieving the lowest values, differed statistically from DRL and DRT groups, and these identical to C group. The resuIts suggest that after the under nutrition period, the leucine-rich diet improves the tendon collagen synthesis, but the control diet is sufficient to improves collagen normal levels. The exercise protocol raises the collagen synthesis response when associated to leucine-rich diet, but biomechanical properties are affected by tendon overuse. These mechanical properties levels could improve when associated to lower exercises program
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Fêo, Haline Ballestero 1988. "Aspectos morfológicos e bioquímicos dos tendões calcanear e flexor digital superficial de frangos durante o envelhecimento." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317656.
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Orientador: Laurecir GomesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O tendão calcanear e o tendão flexor digital superficial de frangos são estruturas adaptadas para resistir às forças de tensão geradas pelos músculos e transmitidas para os ossos. Em algumas regiões, estes tendões também suportam forças de compressão adicionais às de tensão. Durante o envelhecimento os tendões apresentam modificações nas regiões sujeitas à compressão e a tensão, com variações na composição da matriz extracelular, disposição de fibras de colágeno e celularidade, assim como em suas interações com outros componentes da matriz. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a organização estrutural e a composição da matriz extracelular das regiões submetidas à tensão e a tensão-compressão em diferentes idades (1 mês, 5 meses e 8 meses). O tendão calcanear e o tendão flexor digital superficial foram divididos em região proximal (tensão-compressão) e distal (tensão). Os resultados morfológicos, em ambos os tendões, mostraram presença de uma estrutura fibrocartilaginosa na região sujeita as forças de tensão-compressão. No tendão calcanear foi possível observar ainda, presença de um coxim gorduroso, que se acentuou com o passar da idade. Esse coxim funciona como um amortecedor, uma vez que essa região é muito requisitada durante a locomoção do animal. Já a região que recebe apenas forças de tensão apresentou alterações marcantes nos diferentes tendões em relação aos animais mais jovens. No tendão calcanear dos animais mais velhos, as fibras de colágeno estão mais compactadas exibindo poucas ondulações e células com núcleos alongados, enquanto que no tendão flexor digital superficial essa região apresentou-se com pontos de calcificação, de forma que essa morfologia pode indicar o início do estabelecimento de uma matriz óssea. Análises bioquímicas apresentaram, tanto no tendão calcanear como no tendão flexor digital superficial, aumento da atividade da MMP-2 e MMP-9 comparados aos animais mais jovens, em ambas as regiões, indicando um processo de remodelamento no tecido. No SDS-PAGE do tendão calcanear, componentes com migração eletroforética semelhante ao decorim e fibromodulim aumentaram com o avanço da idade, principalmente na região sujeita às forças de tensão, enquanto que no SDFT o decorim aparentemente diminuiu com o envelhecimento
Abstract: The calcaneal and the superficial digital flexor tendons of chickens are structures adapted to resist to tensile forces generated by the muscles and transmitted to the bones. In some regions, these tendons also support compressive forces additional to the tension forces. During aging tendons exhibit modifications in regions subjected to compression and tension forces, with variations in the composition of the extracellular matrix, arrangement of collagen fibers and cellularity, as well as in its interactions with other matrix components. The aim of this study was to analyze the structural organization and composition of the extracellular matrix regions subjected to tension and tension-compression forces at different ages (1 month, 5 months, 8 months old). The calcaneal and the superficial digital flexor tendons were divided into proximal (tension-compression) and distal (tension) regions. The morphological results, in both tendons, showed presence of a fibrocartilage structure in the region subject to the compression-tension forces. In the calcaneal tendon was also observed the presence of a fat pad, that increased with age. This structure act absorbing the mechanical impacts, once this region is required during the locomotion of the animal. The region that receives only tension forces had marked alterations in different tendons compared to younger animals. In the calcaneal tendon of older animals, the collagen fibers are more compact exhibiting few ondulations and cells with elongated nuclei, whereas in the superficial digital flexor tendon this region exhibit calcification points. This morphology may indicate the beginning of the establishment of a bone matrix. Biochemical analyzes showed in both tendons, increased activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 compared to younger animals, in both regions, indicating a remodeling process in the tissue. In SDS-PAGE of the calcaneal tendon, components with electrophoretic migration similar to decorin and fibromodulin increased with advanced age, especially in the area subject to tensile forces, whereas in the SDFT decorin apparently decreased with aging
Mestrado
Biologia Tecidual
Mestra em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
43
Carvalho, Carlos Henrique Soares. "Os efeitos de sistema de registro de preço nas compras públicas: estudo de caso da Secretaria Municipal de Obras, Serviços Básicos e Habitação da cidade de Manaus." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/3320.
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Previous issue date: 2008Public administration has been labeled as inefficient for decades, with society seen it as a great waste of public money with a low generation of results. Its services are notably classified as sluggish, bureaucratic, with a low productivity level and a high incidence of mistakes. In periods of crisis, public administration must be the first to give good examples of balance and parsimony in its expenditures, or it could lead to the failure of the government, in general, causing damages to the population. To reach this goal, some corrective measures must be done, in different directions, by selecting the expenditures and fostering the maximum economy for the exchequer. This is only possible through the application of correct planning techniques, a still far way reality from the culture of our public organisms. One way to this change is the adoption of the Price Registration System, that in the Federal scope was already adopted by the Decree nº 3.931/01, and in the scope of the municipality of Manaus was ordered by the Decree nº 8.270/06. The present study verifies the influence of the use of the Price Registration System in purchases and contracts undertaken by the Local Secretariat of Construction, Basic Services and Housing, in the city of Manaus concerning the economy obtained when compared to other methods of tenders.
Há décadas a administração pública vem sendo rotulada de ineficiente, com grande desperdício de dinheiro público e baixa geração de resultados percebidos pela sociedade. Seus serviços são notoriamente classificados como morosos, burocráticos, com baixo grau de produtividade e alta incidência de erros. Nos momentos de crise, a administração pública deve ser a primeira a dar exemplos de equilíbrio e parcimônia nos seus gastos, sob pena de fracassar o governo, como um todo, causando prejuízo à população. Para atingir esse objetivo, há que se tomarem medidas saneadoras, em diversificadas direções, selecionando as despesas e procurando o máximo de economia para o erário. Isso só é possível mediante a aplicação das corretas técnicas de planejamento, uma realidade ainda distante da cultura de nossos órgãos públicos. Um dos caminhos para essa mudança é a adoção do Sistema de Registro de Preços que, no âmbito federal, já foi adotado pelo Decreto nº 3.931/01, e no âmbito do município de Manaus pelo Decreto nº 8.270/06. Esse estudo verifica a influência da utilização do Sistema de Registro de Preços nas compras e contratações realizadas pela Secretaria Municipal de Obras, Serviços Básicos e Habitação, na cidade de Manaus, no tocante relacionado à economia gerada em comparação às demais modalidades de licitação.
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Karhunen, Jussi. "Essays on tender offers and share repurchases /." Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics, 2002. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00068879.pdf.
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Jackson, Michele R. D. "Tender and repair ship load list forecasting." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA309850.
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Fernández, Ruiz Jorge. "The Administrative Contract and the Public Tender." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118986.
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To achieve its goals, the State requires the voluntary collaboration of individuals, which takes form of an administrative contract, whose award is often disrupted by administrative corruption. Public tendering stands out among the mechanisms to prevent and fight administrative corruption in the award of administrative contracts.Para alcanzar sus fines, el Estado requiere de la colaboración voluntaria de los particulares, lo cual se concreta mediante el contrato administrativo, cuya adjudicación suele verse trastocadas por el flagelo de la corrupción. Entre los mecanismos utilizables para evitar y combatir la corrupción administrativa en la adjudicación de los contratos administrativos, destaca la licitación pública.
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Pongpeng, Jakrapong. "Multicriteria and multidecision-makers in tender evaluation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36183/8/36183_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Parijs, Sergei. "Fairness opinions and liability : a legal and economic analysis of fairness opinions in the United States and the Netherlands /." Deventer : Kluwer, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/514850620.pdf.
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Greig, Carolina Roxana. "Relevância da ultra-sonografia dos tendões flexores em cavalos puro sangue de corrida na adaptação ao treinamento." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9997.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe cross-sectional area (CSA) of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) of twenty four thoroughbreds was ultrasonographically evaluated before and during their initial training to determine the effect of exercise on the tendon CSA, texture and echogenicity to characterize the response to training. Ultrasonographic transverse images of the left forelimb were obtained every fifteen days. The SDFT CSA of zones IA and IIIA showed a decrease (p<0.05, f=0.010 e f=0.023 res.) during the breaking and training period and an increase (p< 0.05) of zone IIIC (f=0.039). Evaluating just the training period, SDFT CSA results of zones IA, IIIA and IIIC were similar. The DDFT showed no variation during the breaking phase but when the training phase was evaluated there was a decrease(P<0.05) in zones IA (f=0.006) and IIIA(f=0.006). Evaluating both breaking and training periods the DDFT showed a decrease (P<0.05) in zones IA (f=0.027), IIIA (f=0.0001) and IIIB (f=0.0031). Fiber texture and tendon echogenicity showed no significant difference between breaking and last reading during training. This study failed to provide evidence of ultrasonographic image variations that would indicate adaptation of both SDFT and DDFT to exercise during training of thoroughbred horses.
Vinte e quatro potros Puro Sangue de Corrida (PSC), com dois anos de idade foram avaliados ultra-sonograficamente, durante o período final da doma e início de treinamento, através da imagem transversal dos tendões flexor digital superficial (TFDS) e profundo (TFDP). As avaliações foram realizadas com intervalos de 15 dias. A área transversal (AT), a textura dos ecos e a ecogenicidade dos tendões foram avaliadas nas sete zonas da região metacarpiana através de um programa de mensuração de imagens do próprio aparelho de ultra-sonografia. Durante a doma e treinamento houve diminuição da AT na zona IA e IIIA (p<0,05, f=0,001 e 0,0266 resp.) e aumento da zona IIIC (p< 0,05 f=0,0391) do TFDS. Ao considerar apenas o período do treinamento, o resultado foi semelhante (p<0,05) na zona IA (f=0,010), IIIA (f=0,023) e IIIC (f =0,0391). O TFDP apresentou uma diminuição na AT durante a doma e treinamento nas zonas IA, IIIA e IIIB (p<0,05, f=0,027; f=0,0001 e f=0,0031 resp.) e nas zonas IA e IIIA durante o treinamento (p<0,05, f=0,006 e f=0,006, resp.). No período da doma a AT do TFDP não variou significativamente. A textura dos ecos se manteve homogênea e não houve variação significativa na ecogenicidade dos tendões entre o período da doma e após quatro meses de treinamento. A avaliação quinzenal da AT, textura e ecogenicidade das zonas IA a IIIC dos TFDS e TFDP não apresentou variações ultra-sonográficas que sugerissem adaptação ao regime de exercício ao qual os potros PSC estavam sendo submetidos.
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Pereira, Roberta Carneiro da Fontoura. "Efeito clínico do plasma rico em plaquetas em lesões cutâneas, tendíneas e ligamentares de equinos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11647.
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Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a product obtained from whole blood through one or two centrifugations, resulting in small volume of plasma containing high number of platelets and growth factors. The growth factors from the α-granules are platelet components that are important in the homeostasis of injured tissues beginning and regulating some stages of tissue healing, promoting chemotaxis, cell proliferation and differentiation, neovascularization and deposition of extracellular matrix. Wound healing of skin lesions distal to the carpus or tarsus of horses, usually are complicated by the reduced blood supply, low oxygen tension and increased risk of bacterial contamination. In many cases when wounds are not treated properly, they can become chronic with excessive formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis and desmites are pathologies characterized by degeneration of tendons and ligaments. The tissue degeneration mechanism of these structures is attributed to mechanical factors, vascular and inflammatory. Tendinitis and desmitis are common pathologies of equine athletes, these diseases tend to have long recovery periods, due to histological, anatomic and biomechanical features of tendons and ligaments. This thesis presents studies of 8 horses, in order to evaluate the clinical effect and the presence of recurrence lesions, of use of PRP and exercise controlled in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, through the clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation (CHAPTER 1), review by clinical and histopathological evolution the healing process of surgical wounds located at the distal region of forelimbs treated by three different methods of application of PRP (CHAPTER 2), and also determine the best form to PRP application to equine skin wounds ( CHAPTER 2.) In Chapter 1, it included eight horses, with an average age of 5 years (± 2.6) diagnosed with injuries in tendons and ligaments, through clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation. These animals underwent treatment with intralesional PRP, guided by ultrasound. The animals μL diagnosed with tendonitis (4/8) had lesion scores of 2.3 (± 0.57) (score 1 to 3), mean platelet concentration of 512.250 / uL (± 144.965) and average healing time of 262 days (± 82) (Table 2). In contrast, animals with desmitis (4/8) in the suspensory ligament injuries had a score of 2.6 (± 0.57) (score 1 to 3), mean platelet concentration of 566.500 / uL (± 97.722) and average healing time 120 days (± 42) (table 3). In this study no correlation was found between the number of platelets in the PRP, and the time for healing of tendonitis and desmitis. Clinical and ultrasonographic monitoring of intralesional injections of PRP, followed by gradual increase of exercise program, allowed the horses to return to his previous athletic activity without recurrence of the lesions. In Chapter 2 we used eight healthy horses, with an average age of 8 years (± 3.76), which were created four wounds of 4 cm2 area in the dorsolateral aspect of the third cannon bone, two on the left forelimb (A1 and A2) and two on the right forelimb (A3 and A4) (figure 1). The cutaneous lesions were treated according to the established treatment group. In the same animal, each of the four wounds were assigned to one of four treatment groups at random, for each treatment group obtained eight replicates in different regions in the forelimbs (Figure 1). In the group (G) I, the skin lesions were treated with PRP infiltration of the wound edges, the GII PRP was used in gel form, the GIII was used homologous PRP and GIV as a control group (without PRP application). In the wounds treated with the GII was reduced to a fortnight in healing time compared the wounds treated with the GIV. Histopathology GII presented a higher frequency of mild inflammation and neovascularization mild to moderate in biopsies 1 and 2. The GIV had the highest intensity of granulating wounds between the groups. PRP in gel form, both in the clinical evaluation as the histopathology showed the best result in the application on wounds in the distal member of horses. The homologous PRP can also be used as adjuvant in equine wound healing.O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é um produto obtido do sangue total, através de uma ou duas centrifugações, resultando em um pequeno volume deste plasma contendo elevado número de plaquetas e fatores de crescimento. Estes fatores de crescimento, provenientes dos α-grânulos plaquetários, são componentes importantes na homeostase de tecidos lesados, iniciando e regulando alguns estágios da cicatrização tecidual, por promover quimiotaxia, proliferação e diferenciação celular, neovascularização e deposição de matriz extracelular. As tendinites e desmites são patologias caracterizadas pela degeneração de tendões e ligamentos. O mecanismo de degeneração tecidual destas estruturas é atribuído a fatores mecânicos, vasculares e inflamatórios. As lesões tendíneas e ligamentares comprometem a performance atlética de equinos e cursam com longos períodos de cicatrização, devido às características de composição histológica, anatômica e biomecânica destas estruturas. A cicatrização das feridas localizadas distais ao carpo ou tarso de equinos é geralmente complicada pela falta de tecido de revestimento, menor suprimento sanguíneo, baixa concentração de oxigênio nos tecidos e maior risco de contaminação bacteriana. Em muitos casos quando não tratadas adequadamente, as feridas poderão tornar-se crônicas, com crescimento exacerbado do tecido de granulação. Na presente tese, são apresentados estudos com equinos com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito clínico, do número de plaquetas em relação ao tempo de cicatrização e índice de recidivas da utilização do PRP associado à exercícios controlados no tratamento de lesões tendíneas e ligamentares, avalidos por meio do exame clínico e ultrassonográfico (CAPÍTULO 1). Neste estudo também foi avaliado o processo de cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas experimentais, localizadas na região distal dos membros locomotores, tratadas com três métodos distintos de aplicação do PRP e avaliada através da evolução clínica e histopatológica. Objetivou-se determinar a melhor forma de aplicação do PRP em feridas cutâneas de equinos (CAPÍTULO 2). No capítulo 1, foram incluídos oito equinos, com idade média de 5 anos (±2,6), diagnosticados com lesões em tendões e ligamentos, através da avaliação clínica e ultrassonográfica. Esses animais foram submetidos ao tratamento intralesional com PRP, guiado por ultrassonografia. Os animais diagnosticados com tendinite (4/8) tiveram escore das lesões de 2,3 (±0.57)(escala 1 a 3), média da concentração plaquetária de 512.250 /μl (± 144.965) e tempo médio de cicatrização de 262 dias (±82) (tabela 2). Em contrapartida, os animais com desmite (4/8) no ligamento suspensório apresentaram escore das lesões de 2,6 (± 0,57)( escala 0 a 3), média da concentração plaquetária de 566.500 /μl (± 97.722) e tempo médio de cicatrização de 120 dias (± 42) (tabela 3). Não foi observada correlação entre o número de plaquetas do PRP e o tempo de cicatrização das tendinites e desmites. A monitoração clínica e ultrassonográfica da resposta às injeções intralesionais de PRP, seguidas de programa de incremento gradual de exercício, permitiu que os cavalos retornassem à sua atividade atlética prévia sem recidiva das lesões. No capítulo 2 foram utilizados oito equinos hígidos, com idade média de 8 anos (± 3,76), onde foram criadas quatro feridas cutâneas de 4 cm2 de área, no aspecto dorsolateral do terceiro osso metarcapiano, duas no membro torácico esquerdo (A1 e A2) e duas no membro torácico direito (A3 e A4). As lesões cutâneas foram tratadas com três aplicações de PRP de acordo com o grupo estabelecido aleatoriamente. No grupo (G) I, as lesões cutâneas foram tratadas com infiltração de PRP nas bordas da ferida, no GII o PRP foi utilizado na forma gel sobre a área total da ferida, no GIII foi usado PRP homólogo e o GIV serviu como grupo controle (apenas aplicação de solução fisiológica) com infiltração nas bordas da ferida. Desta maneira, os quatro tratamento foram aplicados nas 4 feridas de um mesmo animal. Para cada grupo de tratamento obtivemos oito repetições em regiões distintas nos membros torácicos, nos oito cavalos avaliados. No GII houve redução de 15 dias no tempo de cicatrização quando comparada às feridas do GIV. Na análise histopatológica o GII apresentou maior frequência de inflamação leve e neovascularização leve a moderada, nas biópsias 1 e 2. O GIV apresentou a maior intensidade de granulação das feridas entre os grupos avaliados. O PRP na forma gel, tanto na avaliação clínica como na histopatológica apresentou o melhor resultado na aplicação em feridas cutâneas no membro distal de equinos. O PRP homólogo também pode ser utilizado como terapia celular adjuvante na cicatrização cutânea de equinos.