Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tendai Priest

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Tendai Priest'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tendai Priest"

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TAKAHASHI, Shuei. "The Kamakura Period Tendai Priest Jomyo." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 47, no. 1 (1998): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.47.190.

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Kuroki, Masako. "Beyond the Confines of Duality: Insights from the Spiritual Quest of a Tendai Buddhist Woman Priest." Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 24, no. 2 (October 2008): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/fsr.2008.24.2.183.

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Leśniak, Agnieszka, Monika Górka, and Damian Wieczorek. "Identification of factors shaping tender prices for lightweight." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 28, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.2.16.

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A reliable estimation of the tender prices for lightweight curtain walls is a complex and time-consuming process for the contractor, as it depends on many factors related to both the technical parameters of the designed façade and the investor’s requirements for the solutions selected. The aim of the paper is to identify the factors affecting the costs of manufacturing lightweight curtain walls. Data regarding the complexity of curtain wall construction costs was obtained on the basis of the analysis of project documentation, cost estimates and as-built accounts for selected 50 public buildings. The authors identified the factors affecting the costs of aluminum-glass facades and ventilated facades. Their identification is the first element necessary to develop a new method of predicting the costs of implementation of such types of facade which are included in the authors’ research plans.
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LIM, KIAN-GUAN, and EDWARD H. K. NG. "A theory of IPO pricing with tender prices." Applied Financial Economics 9, no. 5 (October 1999): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096031099332096.

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Schwartz, Alan. "The Fairness of Tender Offer Prices in Utilitarian Theory." Journal of Legal Studies 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 165–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/468126.

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Hamdani, Assaf, Beni Lauterbach, and Yevgeny Mugerman. "Reservation prices in shareholders’ response to freeze-out tender offers." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 64 (January 2020): 101160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2019.101160.

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Pomazalová, Nataša, and Zbyšek Korecki. "Evaluation of tendered prices of natural mineral water, juice and non-alcoholic beer (public procurement research)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 4 (2011): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159040233.

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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate tender prices of chosen beverages according to public procurement based on secondary data analysis. The empirical results of analysis (t-test and F-test) show that average annual prices of these beverages are different and collected data are not included in the same sample. Tender prices are different in each year of observed years, although are based on public tender. Important evidence is that for the public tenders in the abroad is obligatory use of the Czech public procurement law. According to this act the base evaluation criterion is the lowest offered price. Data were collected during the years 2005–2009. This study deals with empirical approach, variability of prices of chosen beverages based on public tenders between the Czech Republic (Ministry of Defence) and local suppliers in Kosovo. Results show low variability of prices, which are based on public tender and legal approach, regulated public procurement. The research conclusion is the fact, that tender prices for piece of non-alcoholic beverage are less than 10 % from annual mean (pcs./CZK) of tendered prices.
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Grand, Tamara. "RISK-TAKING BY THREESPINE STICKLEBACK (GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS) PELVIC PHENOTYPES: DOES MORPHOLOGY PREDICT BEHAVIOUR?" Behaviour 137, no. 7-8 (2000): 889–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502510.

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AbstractThe relationship between risk-taking behaviour and anti-predator morphology was studied in benthic threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Paxton and Priest Lakes on Texada Island, British Columbia, Canada. In general, Priest Lake benthics possess complete pelvic girdles and numerous lateral plates. In contrast, Paxton Lake benthics exhibit an apparent polymorphism in anti-predator morphology; some individuals possess complete pelvic girdles while others lack them entirely. Although phenotypes tended to differ in their willingness to risk exposure to a trout predator while foraging, the predicted positive relationship between risk-taking behaviour and anti-predator morphology was not observed. While 'girdled' Paxton individuals were more willing to forage in the vicinity of the predator than 'girdleless' Paxton individuals, the more heavily armoured Priest fish were intermediate in their risk-taking behaviour. These results suggest that the relationship between risktaking behaviour and anti-predator morphology may be influenced by differences between phenotypes in predation regime and life history.
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Ye, Kunhui, Bingheng Li, and Liyin Shen. "Key Factors Considered in Compiling Tender Prices for China’s Public Works Projects." Journal of Management in Engineering 29, no. 3 (July 2013): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000153.

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Garvin, Tom. "Priests and patriots: Irish separatism and fear of the modern, 1890-1914." Irish Historical Studies 25, no. 97 (May 1986): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400025347.

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The political leadership of the independent state that emerged after 1920 was formed in the years after the fall of Parnell in 1891. The cultural atmosphere of the period in which the new leaders had grown up was suffused with a nationalist and anti-modernist romanticism, a sense that a civilisation was perhaps dying and a scepticism about the possibility or even desirability of mass democracy As has been argued elsewhere, the young men and women who were to lead the separatist movement were children of their time. Like their contemporaries elsewhere in Europe, they sensed that the twentieth century would bring great changes; they anticipated with dread or longing the great wars that so many writers predicted; they tended to rebel against their elders, often in the name of ideals inculcated by those elders; they tended toward a romantic and messianic nationalism.' They tended also to think moralistically rather than scientifically; their social thought was derived from ethics rather than from politics or economics. The culture from which they came was dominated by a catholic world-view, and their real intellectual mentors were the priests of the catholic church.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tendai Priest"

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Radix, Hess Jade. "Les prises de contrôle rampantes." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020085.

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Au centre de préoccupations économiques et financières d’importance, enjeux de pouvoirs, les prises de contrôle des sociétés cotées font l’objet de procédures spécifiques, au premier rang desquelles on trouve les offres publiques d’achat ou d’échange. L’information y est alors très large, les intentions de l’offrant très claires, les organes de la société cible prennent position et généralement ses actionnaires se voient offrir une prime leur permettant de choisir de répondre positivement ou non en toute liberté. Il en va tout autrement dans le cas de ce qu’on appelle en pratique les « prises de contrôle rampantes ». Les offres publiques, à la différence des prises de contrôle rampantes, permettent la protection des actionnaires minoritaires par leur transparence et le respect d’égalité entre les actionnaires quel que soit leur pourcentage de détention. Cette pratique, souvent combattue aujourd’hui par la législation, n’est pas nouvelle. Elle consiste à acquérir les titres d’une société cotée de façon cachée, c'est-à-dire discrète et progressive sans effectuer les déclarations de seuil. Historiquement, les achats ont souvent été effectués sur le marché, par la technique du ramassage en bourse ; à l’époque contemporaine, les techniques ont évolué et les achats ne se font plus généralement directement sur le marché
At the heart of major economic and financial concerns and power issues, takeovers of listed companies are covered by specific procedures. First and foremost are takeover bids and exchange offers. Here, a lot of information is provided, the offeror’s intentions are very clear, the management bodies of the target company take a stance and generally, its shareholders are offered a premium that enable them to freely decide whether or not to accept these offers. Unlike creeping takeovers, takeover bids protect minority shareholders because they are transparent and ensure equal treatment of shareholders regardless of their stake in the capital. The situation is quite different in the case of what in practice is known as “creeping takeovers”. It consists in acquiring discreetly and secretly stocks, without declaring any shareholder disclosure requirement. This practice, which is currently being fought through legislation, is not new and remains relevant today. Historically, stocks where bought on the market, nowadays the techniques have evolved and stocks are not usually bought on the market anymore
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Chow, Mun-chong Rebecca, and 周敏莊. "Company takeovers and efficiency of the Hong Kong stock market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574018.

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Books on the topic "Tendai Priest"

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"Tsuyoi Nihon" no rūtsu wa Saichō ni ari: Nihon de hajimete "Tōdai" o tsukutta otoko ni manabu jinzai ikusei. Tōkyō: Kōsei Shuppansha, 1988.

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767-822, Saichō, ed. Dengyō Daishi Saichō hyakuwa. Ōsaka-shi: Tōhō Shuppan, 1987.

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767-822, Saichō, ed. Dengyō Daishi Saichō hyakuwa. Ōsaka-shi: Tōhō Shuppan, 1987.

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Gakkai, Nihon Rekish, ed. Saichō. Tōkyō: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1988.

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Nagai, Michiko. Saichō o tadoru. Tōkyō: Kōdansha, 1987.

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767-822, Saichō, and Saichō 767-822, eds. Saichō: Sange gakushōshiki, Kenkairon. Tōkyō: Chikuma Shobō, 1987.

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Shunpaku, Nakao. Dengyō Daishi Saichō no kenkyū. Kyōto-shi: Nagata Bunshōdō, 1987.

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Dengyō Daishi Saichō no kenkyū. Kyōto-shi: Nagata Bunshōdō, 1987.

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Watanabe, Yoshikazu. Saichō: Tendai Bukkyō no shisō. Tōkyō: Kindai Bungeisha, 1995.

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Tamura, Kōyū. Saichō no kotoba. Tōkyō: Yūzankaku, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tendai Priest"

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Beck, Arne. "Factors Affecting Tender Prices." In Contributions to Economics, 137–54. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2802-3_9.

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Diepeveen, Leonard. "The Newspaper Response to Tender Buttons, and What It Might Mean." In Transatlantic Print Culture, 1880–1940, 199–214. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230228450_13.

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Müller, Birgit Charlotte. "General Introduction." In Three Essays on Empirical Asset Pricing in International Equity Markets, 1–10. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35479-4_1.

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ZusammenfassungWithin the field of capital market research, two diametrically opposed conceptions continue to be prevailing: The efficient market hypothesis by Fama (1970) on the one hand and the behavioral finance approach by Shiller (2003) on the other hand. According to Fama (1970), capital markets are efficient in a sense that current prices of securities incorporate all information available up to that point in time. Consequently, following Fama’s reasoning, there exist no possibilities to gain riskless profits by exploiting mispricings (so-called arbitrage) (Fama, 1970). Shiller (2003), in contrast, puts forward the claim that markets tend to behave irrationally, implying that there indeed exist possibilities to exploit mispricings.
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Leer-Helgesen, Bjarte. "La oss sammen le! Om bruk av humor i presters forkynnelse ved gravferd." In Ingen spøk, 203–20. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.69.ch10.

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Is it appropriate for a priest to use humor in funeral services? And if so, how can they use humor in their sermons to comfort mourners and preach the Christian gospel? In this chapter I analyze 110 funeral sermons delivered by priests from the Church of Norway. The main finding is that priests use humor only minimally in their preaching, and those who do tend to employ humor when addressing difficult topics in their sermons, such as disease, life crises and conflicts. I claim that this is an example of tension-relief: humor makes it easier to address these difficult themes. The priests do not use sarcasm or irony in their preaching, but they do to tell humorous stories about the deceased and their relatives. These stories are interpreted as a harmless form of humor, and have most likely been conveyed by relatives in conversations with the priest prior to the funeral. As a theological argument I claim that humor can be interpreted as hope’s last defense in the face of death and grieving, and that humorous preaching can produce hopeful and relation-oriented images of God.
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"Building Costs and Tender Prices." In Spon's Architects' and Builders' Price Book 2004, 807–12. Spon Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482265392-14.

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"Building Costs and Tender Prices." In Spon's Architects' and Builders' Price Book 2008, 43–48. Spon Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13814-8.

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"Part 8: Costs and Tender Prices Indices." In Spon's Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2001, 579–85. Spon Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482267662-18.

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"Building Costs Indices, Tender Prices Indices and Location Factors." In Spon's Architects' and Builders' Price Book 2012, 77–82. Spon Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482266832-16.

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"Building Costs Indices, Tender Prices Indices and Location Factors." In Spon's Architects' and Builders' Price Book 2013, 84–89. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12706-16.

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"Building Costs Indices, Tender Prices Indices and Location Factors." In Spon's Architects' and Builders' Price Book 2014, 77–82. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315752877-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tendai Priest"

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Bruckner, Tomáš, and Filip Vencovský. "Extracting usual service prices from public contracts." In CARMA 2020 - 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2020.2020.11645.

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The paper describes a project of automatic selection, scraping, and full-text analysis of contracts in the area of IT and Information Systems. The purpose of the project was to extract manday prices and build the list of usual manday prices for particular roles that are stated in the contracts. The list aims to provide a foundation for sizing of new IT solutions before the public tender for an association of major state institutions of the Czech Republic. The result of the research is the list of usual prices for the specified roles, including blended rate, based on median and interval between quartiles, all with demonstrable links to origin contracts. The discussion states additional social factors to be considered when interpreting and using the resulting list, like the subjective influence of validators, tendency for generalization, or defensive attitude of affected vendors.
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Akbar, M. ,. I. "The Journey to Establish Jack-Up Drilling Rig Contract in Indonesia during Upward Demand." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-bc-408.

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The Jack-up rig market is very dynamic as it is sensitive to oil prices and drilling activities. An effective strategy must be defined to achieve a successful tender process. A market survey shall be sourced from potential bidders and credible research institutions to provide competitive cost estimation and mapped available qualified rigs. Commercial structure is another factor that must be specified clearly. Numbers of wells or long term contracts will attract more rigs to enter Indonesian water that can be achieved by collaborating with other operators. It was quite challenging to establish a rig contract at first stage of tender to cover 1 (one) year duration with an unattractive owner estimation that ended up with a failed tender. By having collaboration with the host authority, other operators and potential bidders, the new strategy to have a long term contract by increasing the number of wells and contract duration to 3 (three) years can be finalized efficiently. The enhanced commercial structure consisted of rate classification as per the Indonesian Oil, Gas and Geothermal Drilling Contractors Association, modification cost, facility support service, reimbursable cost, etc. which have attracted more bidders. Finally, the jack-up rig contract can be established and agreed within the market price. The cost saving to cover future drilling projects has resulted in a total saving of USD 9.7 Million
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Bal, Harun, Mehmet Demiral, and Filiz Yetiz. "Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Domestic Prices: Evidence from OECD Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01951.

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There is an immense literature on the effects of exchange rate changes on macroeconomic indicators, specifically on the trade balance, growth, inflation, and overall productivity in open economies. One of the main attempts in the related literature is about ascertaining whether the exchange rate fluctuations alter domestic prices. This possible mechanism is called as the pass-through effect which is getting more important since the argument that exchange rate adjustment is a part of the solution for global rebalancing is empirically well-supported. Starting from this claim, this study purposes to explore whether there is an exchange rate pass-through effect in 19 high-income OECD countries over the period 1990-2015. To this end, using a panel data set of consumer price index, producer price index proxied by wholesale price index, the nominal effective exchange rates, and industrial production presented by the value-added share of industry sectors in gross domestic product, structural vector autoregressive (VAR) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models are estimated in an unbalanced panel data analysis procedure. Results reveal that exchange rate pass-through effects on the domestic prices are significant but not that strong in both the short-run and the long-run. Expectedly, the pass-through effects tend to diminish over time. The study concludes that policy-makers need to consider policy actions accompanying the exchange rate changes to ensure domestic price stability which consequently interacts with many macroeconomic indicators.
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McClean, John F., and David Sumner. "Aerodynamic Forces and Vortex Shedding for Surface-Mounted Finite Square Prisms and the Effects of Aspect Ratio and Incidence Angle." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72005.

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The flow around a surface-mounted square prism of finite height was investigated experimentally using a low-speed wind tunnel. Of interest were the effects of aspect ratio and incidence angle on the mean aerodynamic forces and vortex shedding. Compared to the case of the “infinite” (or two-dimensional) square prism, the flow around the finite square prism has not been extensively studied. The experiments were conducted at a Reynolds number of Re = 7.2 × 104 for aspect ratios of AR = 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 and incidence angles of α = 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°. The thickness of the boundary layer on the ground plane relative to the side length was δ/D = 1.5. Measurements of the vortex shedding frequency were made with a single-component hot-wire probe in the wake, and measurements of the mean drag and lift forces were obtained with a force balance. For all aspect ratios and incidence angles, the Strouhal number and the mean drag coefficient were lower than those of an infinite prism, while the mean lift coefficient was of nearly similar magnitude. As the aspect ratio was increased from AR = 3 to 11, the force coefficients and Strouhal number slowly approached the infinite-square-prism data. The behaviours of the mean drag coefficient and Strouhal number with incidence angle were less sensitive compared to the case of the infinite square prism, although a minimum mean drag coefficient, minimum (most negative) mean lift coefficient, and maximum Strouhal number were found at α = 15°. The reduced sensitivity to incidence angle is attributed to the complex three-dimensional flow over the free end of the prism and the downwash flow that enters the near wake. The behaviour of the force coefficients and Strouhal number for the prism of AR = 3 was distinct from the other prisms (with lower values of drag coefficient and lift coefficient magnitude, and a different Strouhal number trend), suggesting the critical aspect ratio was between AR = 5 and AR = 3 in these experiments. In the wall-normal direction, the power spectra for AR = 11 and 9 tended to have weaker and/or more broad-banded vortex shedding peaks near the ground plane and near the free end at α = 0° and 15°. For AR = 7 to 3, well-defined vortex shedding peaks were detected along the entire height of the prisms. For AR = 11 and 9, at α = 30° and 45°, vortex shedding peaks were absent in the power spectra in the upper part of the wake.
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Kosugi, Yutaro, Tomoaki Iwai, Yutaka Shokaku, and Naoya Amino. "Friction Characteristics of Porous Rubber Under Wet Conditions." In ASME/STLE 2009 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2009-15234.

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In recent years, porous rubber has been used as a tread matrix for studless tires. It is said that the pores in the tread rubber remove water between the tire and the wet road surface; however, the water removal is not sufficiently well understood. In this study, a rotating rubber specimen was rubbed against a mating prism to observe the contact surface. The friction force was also measured simultaneously with observation of contact surface. The water entering the pores was distinguished by the continuity method. As the result of these experiments, the coefficient of friction for rubber having pores on the surface was found to be larger than that of rubber without pores. Moreover, the difference in the coefficient of friction for rubber specimens with and without pores tended to be larger at lower sliding speeds. No water entered pores 3mm or less in diameter at any sliding speed in this experiment. An experiment to make the rubber specimen collide with the mating prism was conducted since actual tires seem to be deformed by the vehicle weight, such that the tire surface might contact the road collisionally. In the resulting collision experiment, the water did enter pores 3mm in diameter.
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Price, Henry, and Robert Cable. "Parabolic Trough Power for the California Competitive Market." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-151.

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Abstract California is about to complete its third year of a deregulated competitive wholesale power market. During the first two years of the competitive market, power prices averaged between 2 and 3¢/kWh. During 2000, electric supply to California was constrained a number of times causing maximum the price of power to peak over 100¢/kWh, and the average price of power to quadruple. The power output from solar plants tends to coincide with the high power demand periods in California. This fact had been demonstrated by the solar electric generating stations (SEGS) located in the California Mojave Desert, which operate under specific contracts signed in the 1980’s and early 1990’s with the local utility. This paper, on the other hand, examines how new parabolic trough solar plants would have faired on the wholesale competitive power market during 1999 and 2000.
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Johnson, B. C., and G. E. Apostolakis. "The Limit Exceedance Factor Importance Measure: An Application to the Prism Reactor Design." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75128.

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Probabilistic Risk Assessment has several different standard importance measures for structures, systems, and components (SSCs). These importance measures are Risk Achievement Worth (RAW), Risk Reduction Worth (RRW), and Fussell-Vesely (FV). In particular, RAW and FV have been used to identify SSCs of low risk significance. However, when designing a conceptual reactor with a safety goal in mind such as those proposed in various technology neutral frameworks, these importance measures are quite crude. RAW is defined such that a component is always in the failed state, and a designer may not be looking to remove a system but to simplify it to improve economics. The Limit Exceedance Factor has been developed as a more informative importance measure when there is a goal in mind. It is defined as the factor by which the failure probability of a component may be multiplied by such that the end state (e.g. core damage) frequency exceeds a limit. With a living PRA available throughout the design process, it could allow a designer to know how much room there is for possible simplification in redundant systems. Alternatively, in the case where a system does not meet the frequency limit it can show which systems might be ideal targets for improvement to reach the limit. For a sodium-cooled fast reactor design, using the goals and limits outlined in NUREG-1860 (Technology Neutral Framework), one end state that must stay below a threshold is a very large release due to an energetic scenario. Several SSCs can be identified as risk insignificant with RAW values below two. The other SSCs tend to have very high RAW values on the order of one thousand. When the LEF is applied to the SSCs that seem to be very important using traditional importance measures, we see that some may actually have a fairly wide margin from their cited failure probabilities and still maintain the frequency goal.
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Syarifuddin, Ferry. "The Exchange Rate Volatility in Indonesia and Policy Response." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00886.

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High fluctuation of exchange rate in short horizon is obviously making economic activity more risky as uncertainty rises. Moreover, volatile exchange rates also make commodity prices, interest rates and a host of other variables more volatile as well. Although changes in long-run exchange rates tend to undergo relatively gradual shifts, in the shorter horizon, the exchange rate might be very volatile. Then there should be a systematic and measured policy to mitigate the foreign exchange fluctuations and to minimize the fluctuations as well as to drive it to its fundamental value. In this part, USD/IDR volatility is investigated using GARCH approach. The results reveal that, USD/IDR volatility in Indonesia is persistent. On the other hand, the following studies also present the outcomes of effectiveness of policy response by the Central Bank. Foreign-exchange sale interventions by the Central Bank lead conditional volatility of the USD/IDR to decrease slightly.
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Niemi, Seppo, Jukka Kiijärvi, Mika Laurén, and Erkki Hiltunen. "Injection Pressures of a Bio-Oil Driven Non-Road Diesel Engine: Experiments and Simulations." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82710.

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The depletion of global crude oil reserves, increases in fossil fuel prices and environmental issues have encouraged the search for and study of bio-derived fuels. For years, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) have already been used successfully. High-quality hydrogenated vegetable oil and Fischer-Tropsch biofuels have also been developed. Fuel refining processes, however, consume energy increasing CO2 emissions. For profitability reasons, large-scale industrial production is also required. Several distributed energy producers are instead willing to utilize various local waste materials as fuel feedstock. The target is local fuel production without any complicated manufacturing processes. Crude bio-oils are therefore also interesting fuel options, in particular for medium-speed diesel engines capable of burning such bio-oils without any major problems. Nevertheless, waste-derived crude bio-oils have also been studied in Finland in high-speed non-road diesel engines. One option has been mustard seed oil (MSO). Mustard has been cultivated in fallow fields. Non-food mustard seeds have been used for fuel manufacturing. In the performed studies with MSO, the exhaust smoke and HC emissions decreased, NOx remained approximately constant, and the thermal efficiency was competitive compared with operation on ordinary diesel fuel oil (DFO). The number of exhaust particles tended, however, to increase and deposits were formed in the combustion chamber, particularly if the engine was also run at low loads with MSO. On the whole, the results were so promising that deeper analyses of engine operation with MSO were considered reasonable. The kinematic viscosity of crude bio-oils is much higher than that of FAMEs or DFO. Consequently, the injection pressure tends to increase especially at the injection pump side of an in-line injection pump system. The flow characteristics of crude bio-oil also differ from those of DFO in the high-pressure pipe. With bio-oil, the flow seems to be laminar. The bulk modulus of bio-oils is also different from that of DFO affecting the rate of the injection pressure rise. In the present study, a turbocharged, inter-cooled direct-injection non-road diesel engine was driven with a mixture of MSO (95%) and rape seed methyl ester (RME, 5%), and standard DFO. The engine was equipped with an in-line injection pump. First, the injection pressures at pump and injector ends of the high-pressure injection pipe were measured for both fuels as a function of crank angle. Furthermore, a model was created for the injection system based on the method of characteristics. Free software called Scilab was adopted for numerical simulation of the model. Despite a few limitations in the built model, the results showed clear trends and the model can be used to predict changes in the fuel injection process when the fuel is changed.
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10

Zand, Benjamin B. "Vehicle Load Distribution Under Timber Mats and Flexible Slab." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9599.

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Abstract Pipeline operators commonly use means of temporary crossing such as timber-mat, airbridge, and slab to reduce surface loading induced stresses in a buried pipeline at locations where a heavy vehicle crosses the buried pipeline. When a temporary crossing has a continuous contact with soil, (e.g. timber mat, flexible slab) load distribution over the ground surface is not immediately known. Load distribution under a timber-mat or flexible slab is a function of the slab to soil stiffness ratio. The load distribution tends to become more uniform with increasing timber-mat or slab stiffness. In this work an analytical model using beam-on-elastic-foundation has been developed and Laplace transform has been utilized to find the solution and apply free-end boundary conditions. The analytical solution can be used for any arbitrary load distribution over a beam-on-elastic foundation. In this work the solution for a point load and a partially distributed uniform load were employed as these scenarios can accurately represent conventional vehicle foot-prints, while being computationally efficient. The analytical solutions are compared to finite element analysis to validate the model. This model can be used in conjunction with the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) surface loading calculator (or similar tools) to analyze pipeline encroachment problems when means of temporary crossing is installed. This model can help the operators determine dimensions and bending stiffness of timber-mat or flexible slab to assure a desirable load distribution will be achieved. The model can also be used for structural analysis of a timber-mat or flexible slab under vehicular load.
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Reports on the topic "Tendai Priest"

1

Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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