Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Temps de vol orthogonal'
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Marinach, Carine. "Couplage orthogonal entre un piège ionique et un analyseur temps de vol IT/O-reTOF." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066247.
Full textAgthoven, Maria van. "Couplage orthogonal entre un piège ionique quadripolaire et un analyseur à temps de vol à réflection." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066095.
Full textDelaye, Vincent. "Étude et réalisation d'un télémètre laser par temps de vol." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0063.
Full textGagnon, Mathieu. "Augmentation du champ de vue d'une caméra temps-de-vol commerciale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35378.
Full textThis dissertation presents a method to increase the field of view of a commercially available time-of-flight camera. This increase could extend the field of application of such cameras, especially in mobile robotics where awareness of the surrounding is an important factor. The design includes a conversion lens added in front of the optical system and a modification to the illumination system. In the specific case of a Kinect v2, capability of 3D reconstruction has been preserved for an augmentation of 50% of the field of view, from 70°x60° to 106°x86°. To take into consideration the optical modifications, a calibration of the camera has been made. The modified system is characterised by a good precision (<1%) and a good accuracy (<1,5%). These results are calculated on slightly under 40% of the available pixels using 100 acquisitions. Performances decrease at a great rate outside of the central pixel zone. A trade-off has been made on the system performances in order to increase the original field of view.
Almoric, Jean. "Développement d'un nouvel instrument couplant FIB/SEM UHV et OTOF-SIMS à haute résolution spatiale pour la microélectronique et ses applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0368.
Full textSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is probably the most widely used chemical analysis technique in semiconductor science and metallurgy because of its ultimate sensitivity to all elements, especially the lighter ones. With systems downsizing, high-resolution 3D chemical imaging is becoming a prerequisite for the development of new materials. In this thesis, we report the development and optimization of an innovative SIMS implemented in a scanning electron microscope. The equipment makes it possible to obtain elementary chemical mapping at very high resolution (~25nm). The capacity of the technique is demonstrated with the characterization at the nanometric scale on the one hand of metallic superalloys necessary for the manufacture of aircraft engine parts and on the other hand of chalcogenide alloys used in the latest generation phase change memories developed in microelectronics
Landry, Mario. "Commande de vol non-linéaire en temps réel d’un drone à voilure fixe." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1010/1/LANDRY_Mario.pdf.
Full textGrabas, Hervé. "Développement d'un système de mesure de temps de vol picoseconde dans l'expérience ATLAS." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982076.
Full textCHAURAND, PIERRE. "Desorption laser et spectrometrie de masse par temps de vol. Aspects fondamentaux. Applications." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112472.
Full textCaillau, Jean-Baptiste. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle en temps minimal des transferts orbitaux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7303/1/caillau.pdf.
Full textCaillau, Jean-Baptiste Noailles Joseph. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle en temps minimal des transferts orbitaux." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000133.
Full textChampier, Daniel. "Télémètre laser par mesure de temps de vol destiné à la proximétrie en robotique." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112469.
Full textThis thesis presents the design of an optical laser diode rangefinder for short distance measurements and possibly 3D vision in robotics. The principle consists in the measurement of the time of flight of a laser beam modulated at 300MHz. The phase shift between the emitted and the target reflected signal is directly proportional to the distance. This research describes: the significant advantages over triangulation methods, the theoretical accuracy as a function of backscattered light power, a realization of a rangefinder including carefully design electronic circuits and appropriate optoelectronic components, allowing fast and accurate measurements, the results which demonstrate the feasability of this sensor
Galland, Bruno. "Etude de mini-spectromètres de masse à temps de vol pour l'analyse de gaz." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112092.
Full textThe present study, carried out in collaboration with Alcatel Vacuum Technology France, related at the same time on the realization of time of flight mass spectrometers (TOFMS) for gas analyses and to the design of a miniature microwave plasma source. A prototype of TOFMS with a drift tube of 10 cm was assembled and characterized : an experimental resolution of 90 was obtained. The electron gun, the ion source, the drift, tube and the detector are aligned and are of cylindrical symmetry. A second apparatus, using a simplified electron gun, is still in the course of validation but a resolution of 135 has already been obtained. Thereafter, new structures allowing the increase of the resolution are presented : a reflectron TOFMS comprising an electrostatic mirror was simulated (estimated resolution of about 400 for a total ion course of approximately 20 cm). In order to simplify the mechanical assembly of the mirror, a new source allowing orthogonal injection of the ion beam in the drift tube was also studied. Lastly, in order to validate the possibility of shrinking TOFMS, a demonstrator comprising a 11 mm drift tube allowed to get a resolution of 60. Simulations of millimetre-length structures are also presented. The last part of this work consisted in manufacturing and to test a microwave source (capacitive discharges) : the volume of the plasma chamber is 40 mm^3 and the source is adapted on a N-type HF connector. The operating pressure of the discharge (with argon) varies from 0,07 to 300 mbar for HF powers ranging between 50 and 750 mW. From 0,1 to 150 microamperes of ion and of 4 microamperes to 4 milliamperes of electron can be extracted from the discharge. The use of the plasma source as electron source or directly as ion source for a miniature TOFMS is conceivable
Champier, Daniel. "Télémètre laser par mesure de temps de vol destiné à la proximétrie en robotique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603796w.
Full textWentz, Thomas. "Utilisation d'une caméra Temps-de-vol pour la gestion des mouvements en radiothérapie externe." Télécom Bretagne, 2013. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=13918.
Full textThis work deals with the improvement of motion monitoring for cancer treatment with external radiotherapy. Errors in imaging-detected tumor volume localization strongly degrade the treatment quality as it limits dose delivery accuracy. Clinical management consists of the addition of fixed margins around the targeted volume in order to ensure a complete coverage, although it also leads to undesired irradiation of nearby organs-at-risk and potentially chance of secondary cancer development. An efficient monitoring of motion would allow for a reduction of these margins thereby improving overall dosimetry to both target and organs-at-risk. The first motion-related degrading factor for tumor localization concerns patient positioning at each fraction of the treatment. The second is related to lungs and breasts displacement with respiratory motion. In order to address these two issues in clinical practice, 3D scanners based on infrared light demonstrated promising efficacy for contactless, harmless and real-time 3D observation a surface: on the one hand, the prediction of internal breathing through real-time estimation of external motion allows respiratory motion compensation. On the other hand, positioning can be performed by exploiting the associated surfaces. This work investigated the Time-of-Flight camera validation for these applications. The understanding of the impact of the observation conditions, developments for measurement noise reduction, as well as the creation of a system comprising two calibrated cameras allowed to significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of motion estimations. This work led to the development of validated new methods allowing fast and exhaustive extraction of motion information from 3D points clouds. Finally, this work also demonstrated that the deformation of the patient surface during breathing in the anterior-posterior direction can be estimated at the level of a point, in real time, with an accuracy of about a millimeter. Furthermore, fusion of 2D and 3D information provided by the Time-of-Flight camera allows estimating elastic deformation with an error of up to two millimeters, several times per second. Finally, a clinical study about patient positioning for radiotherapy treatment showed the efficiency of a double-cameras observation system for the detection and quantification of patient¿s translation, although it also indicated that positioning using external surfaces does not allow for the detection of internal misalignment
Mallon, Agnès. "Reconstruction 3D pour la tomographie par émission de positons avec mesure du temps de vol." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10159.
Full textBelhedi, Amira. "Modélisation du bruit et étalonnage de la mesure de profondeur des caméras Temps-de-Vol." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1MM08/document.
Full text3D cameras open new possibilities in different fields such as 3D reconstruction, Augmented Reality and video-surveillance since they provide depth information at high frame-rates. However, they have limitations that affect the accuracy of their measures. In particular for TOF cameras, two types of error can be distinguished : the stochastic camera noise and the depth distortion. In state of the art of TOF cameras, the noise is not well studied and the depth distortion models are difficult to use and don't guarantee the accuracy required for some applications. The objective of this thesis is to study, to model and to propose a calibration method of these two errors of TOF cameras which is accurate and easy to set up. Both for the noise and for the depth distortion, two solutions are proposed. Each of them gives a solution for a different problem. The former aims to obtain an accurate model. The latter, promotes the simplicity of the set up. Thereby, for the noise, while the majority of the proposed models are only based on the amplitude information, we propose a first model which integrate also the pixel position in the image. For a better accuracy, we propose a second model where we replace the amplitude by the depth and the integration time. Regarding the depth distortion, we propose a first solution based on a non-parametric model which guarantee a better accuracy. Then, we use the prior knowledge of the planar geometry of the observed scene to provide a solution which is easier to use compared to the previous one and to those of the litterature
Rodrigues, Gonçalves Boris. "Développement d'un pixel innovant de type "temps de vol" pour des capteurs d'images 3D-CMOS." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1173.
Full textIn order to develop new 3D image sensors for emerging applications, we studied “time of flight” pixel for distance measurement. We have proposed a new pixel architecture based on the "Continuous-Wave Modulation" method with three samples per pixel. This method is based on the measurement of a phase shift between the transmitted amplitude modulated light source (near-infrared source) and the signal reflected by the scene to be captured. The pixel of dimensions 6.2 μm x 6.2 μm integrates a pinned photodiode, three charge transfer paths for successive sampling of the received modulated signal, and a fourth path for anti-blooming purpose. The different paths are controlled by a buried-channel transfer gate for charges transfer from the photodiode to memory in order to improve the efficiency and speed of the charge transfer; A fully depleted memory based on capacitive deep trenches is used to increase the memory storage capacitance; thickness and doping profile of the substrate have been optimized to efficiently collect photogenerated and increase demodulation performance. The designed 464x197-pixel (QVGA) test chip has been fabricated, different pixel variants and different technology trials have been studied and analyzed. Pixel functionality has been verified for demodulation frequencies from 20 to 165MHz, using a laser source of wavelength 850nm or 950nm. A first acquired depth image using the test chip made is a validation of the proposed pixel
Robichaud, Vincent. "Architecture 3D sans contact et localisation par temps de vol pour tomographie optique diffuse par fluorescence." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1437.
Full textKervella, Myriam. "Modélisation du temps de vol des photons dans un milieu diffusant et absorbant à l’échelle femtoseconde." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0002/document.
Full textThick scattering and absorbing media are present in a great variety of domain such as paints, jets,cosmetics, biological tissues, etc. In situ and non invasive studies of such media are very importan tbecause the issue is to measure physical properties inside the medium without perturbations. The use of a femtosecond laser can both probe these media in depth and make photons time of flight measurement.The aim of this thesis is to model interaction between a femtosecond pulse and a scattering and absorbing medium. The main effect of absorption is to increase the time of flight of photons. Indeed, the absorption processes have the property to “kill” the longer trajectory, which corresponds to more important delays.An extended study of temporal profiles can give information about the size of the particles, the absorption coefficients of the surrounding medium and of particles or other microphysical properties of the medium.A substantial part of the thesis consists in extension of temporal scattering models to the case of absorbing medium. We have finally realized several numerical applications with the help of a Monte-Carlo code,which simulates temporal multiple scattering processes in an absorbing medium. Two particular cases exhibit a neat modification of the temporal profile with absorption. We have studied and illustrated them with practical cases. First, we show that small absorption in large particles modifies the temporal profile inforward scattering. Application such as temperature determination of alumina particles in a rocket jet is considered. Then, absorption in the surrounding medium decreases the time of flight of backscattering temporal profile. An experimental illustration of this phenomenon and a comparison with our models are presented
Ronceray, Lilian. "Méthodologies de réglage automatique temps-réel de lois de pilotage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430820.
Full textBelhout, Mohamed. "Analyse numérique de perturbations singulières d'opérateurs du premier ordre en temps et polynôme Lp extrémaux." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0065/document.
Full textIn the first part of this work, we deal with, linear hyperbolic problems of first order or linear parabolic problems, which are degenerated with respect to the time operator. By using a singular mass matrix technique, we propose a finite element method allowing to get optimal error estimates with respect to space for the Lagrange first order finite element for example. Then our method is applied to a parabolic system degenerated with respect to time which is used in electrocardiology. The second part of this work is dedicated to extremal polynomials in Lp , outside to the unit circle associated to a measure α, with a general form given by α = βa + βs + γ. The regular part is denoted βa , the singular part βs and the discrete part γ. In a first step we take βs = 0, and we generalized to the Lp case the known results in the L2 case. When the singular part is non zero, by using different regularity functions, we get the same optimality formulae
Da, Costa Ferreira Neri José Angelo. "Mesures des flux de photons gamma atmospherique et diffus a l'aide d'un telescope a temps de vol." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30157.
Full textDa, Costa Ferreira Neri José Angelo. "Mesures des flux de photons gamma atmosphérique et diffus à l'aide d'un télescope à temps de vol." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604152v.
Full textDevoto, Pierre. "Conception et réalisation d'un spectromètre de masse à temps de vol spatialisable de type "réflectron" électronique et tête de mesure." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090727.
Full textLe travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse porte en premier lieu sur l'électronique de la chaîne de mesure qui a été conçue dans un souci de modularité. Un spectromètre de masse complet de type « réflectron » a ensuite été conçu, simulé puis développé. Le prototype construit, qui utilise l'électronique développée, a été soumis à des flux d'ions de masses et d'énergies différentes dans les chambres à vide du CESR. Ses performances mesurées valident les principes mis en œuvre et démontrent qu'un spectromètre de masse identique peut être embarqué avec profit sur satellite, tant dans le cadre de missions planétaires que solaires.
El, Osta Rola. "Contributions to Real Time Scheduling for Energy Autonomous Systems." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4044/document.
Full textReal-time energy harvesting is a technology that significantly extends the lifetime of embedded systems. This technology is limited at present by the amount of energy that can be stored in traditional batteries. Renewable energy harvesting such as that envisaged for many wireless things, allows the quasi-perpetual systems operation without human intervention because it works without periodic recharging of battery. From an energy point of view, the design of this type of autonomous system becomes more complex since this process has in addition a behavior constrained by time, and particularly has to meet latest timing deadlines. As with any real-time system, an unavoidable problem is to find a dynamic scheduling mechanism able of considering jointly two key constraints: time and energy. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to propose and evaluate new scheduling techniques that enable the system to adopt an energy-neutral behavior while respecting the real-time constraints. More precisely, we consider here a set of mixed tasks consisting of periodic tasks and soft aperiodic tasks without deadline. The hardware architecture chosen is monoprocessor. Aperiodic tasks are only known at the time of their arrival while periodic tasks are assumed to be schedulable by the optimal ED-H scheduler. In this thesis, we will provide appropriate solutions for the following question: how to serve aperiodic tasks in order to minimize their response time without challenging the feasibility of periodic tasks. Initially, we extend the conventional server (called Background) to the context of energy harvesting by the proposal of two new servers. These techniques can be easily implemented and offer limited performance. Secondly, we propose a new server based on Slack Stealing which uses the slack time and slack energy concepts. A theoretical evaluation of this one allows us to establish its optimality. Finally, due to the relatively complex implementation of this server, we propose a new server, called Total Bandwidth. This server is based on fictive deadlines assignment with a simpler implementation. All propositions are illustrated by experimental studies that allow us to investigate the performance of new aperiodic task servers specifically designed for autonomous real-time systems
Teyssier, Cécile. "Spectrométrie de masse COINTOF : Conception et d'un analyseur à temps de vol et développement de la méthode d'analyse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744850.
Full textBOURCIER, SOPHIE. "Etude des mecanismes de desorption-ionisation en spectrometrie de masse a temps de vol. Application a l'analyse de pesticides." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112180.
Full textLoverdo, Claude. "Stratégies de recherches optimales et marches aléatoires intermittentes : de l'enzyme de restriction au vol de l'albatros." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445482.
Full textCOURTOIS-MAURIAC, COURTOIS CHRISTINE. "Exploration du potentiel analytique de la spectrometrie de masse a temps de vol couplee a une source de californium 252." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066342.
Full textChauvet, Laura. "Caractérisation expérimentale et optimisation d'une source plasma à pression atmosphérique couplée à un spectromètre de masse à temps de vol." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30302/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 2000's, new atmospheric pressure plasma sources have been developed. They allow the propagation of a cold plasma jet or plasma plume in open air (non-equilibrium plasma jets). Their particular properties (in terms of reactive species, low temperature and ability to extend in open air) make them useful tools in a large range of research fields such as biomedicine, decontamination and sterilization, nanomaterial synthesis and analytical chemistry. Among the plasma jet sources, some are based on a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configuration, which is the case of this study. This work proposes the experimental characterization of a plasma jet developed with the aim to be coupled with a Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (TOF-MS) in order to perform ambient chemical analysis. The source consists of a dielectric body surrounded by two electrodes. The source is fed by a discharge gas (helium or neon) and powered by a square alternative voltage. The main diagnostics are optical emission spectroscopy and imaging with an ICCD camera. The mass spectrometer has also been used as a diagnostic tool to identify the ions created by the jet interacting with the species present in ambient air. The jet has been studied for two gases, neon and helium, with different experimental conditions of flow rates and applied voltages. The mechanisms of the jet propagation in open air have been studied for both half periods of the voltage (positive and negative), where the passage between positive and negative streamers transited through a remnant ionized channel. The spatial and temporal distributions of the main radiative species were investigated independently for each streamer allowing the observation and identification of mechanisms responsible of the populating of the upper level of observed emissions. It was shown that the mechanisms differ according to the half period studied and also the type of gases (neon and helium) due to the difference between the energies of their metastable states. In order to lay the groundwork in ambient analytical chemistry with the plasma source, its ionization capability was evaluated. Firstly, the ions created by the jet in open air were identified and analyzed with the TOF-MS, secondly the analysis was performed with different volatile samples. The results highlighted that the jet initiated with neon as discharge gas is able to ionize as well as the jet initiated with helium. A semi quantitative study of one of the volatile samples has also been realized
Trébossen, Régine. "Etude d'un tomographe a emission de positons utilisant l'information temps de vol : parametres physiques et instrumentaux et rapport signal sur bruit." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077279.
Full textForget, Julien. "Un langage synchrone pour les systèmes embarqués critiques soumis à des contraintes temps réel multiples." Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01942421.
Full textEast-Lavoie, Simon. "Adaptation d'un algorithme de deuxième ordre pour la détection de pulse sans information de quadrature par le principe du temps de vol." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27484.
Full textBy using the time-of-flight principle, a system emitting a pulse is able to measure the distance of a target by calculating the echoes' delays returned by the obstacles. Some complex detection situations must be solved, such as two targets producing overlapping echoes. The goal of the detection algorithm is to distinguish targets with overlapping echoes, with a good precision and a good immunity to noise, using real signals, which only the enveloppe's amplitude information is available. The created algorithm is based on the MUSIC algorithm. The later is not working as it is, because of the signals' properties. An adaptation is created, and then optimized. The most substantial improvement comes from the decorrelation processing applied on the signals' covariance matrix. The effect is a decorrelation of the sources, allowing the algorithm to distinguish targets with overlapping echoes. Also, most of the decorrelation techniques help to detect echoes with low SNRs. Another improvement concerns the measurement resolution, which is better than just the sample period. The algorithm's performances exceed those of our industrial partner algorithms and those of commonly used detection methods. The ultimate goal of the project is to integrate the developped algorithm into our industrial partner's system. It has to be real time application, and to respect the cost and ressources constaints of the system. Consequently, some optimizations of the algorithm were required. Some specific properties of the covariance matrix allowed a decrease of the memory space to save its data. This way, the number of matrix's data saved represents less than 5% of the initial covariance matrix. Another optimization is done by using an iterative method for the eigenvalue decomposition, accelerating significantly the processing time. Finally, the algorithm 'sperformances coming out of the comparative tests completed between the adapted MUSIC algorithm and our industrial partner's algorithms demonstrate that the project's goals are fullfilled. The developped algorithm can solve the situation where two targets produce overlapping echoes, while providing a good noise immunity.
Bouchonnet, Stéphane. "Ionisation-désorption de composés organiques en spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol par impacts de fragments de fission du californium 252." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112375.
Full textLoverdo, Claude. "Stratégies de recherche optimales et marches aléatoires intermittentes : de l'enzyme de restriction au vol de l'albatros." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445482.
Full textDesbrosses, Mickaël. "Contribution de la Spectrométrie de Masse d’Ions Secondaires à Temps de Vol au développement de textiles industriels fonctionnels impliquant des agents actifs cosmétiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1117.
Full textTime-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) allows the characterization of the outermost surface with high sensitivity by mass detection of atomic and molecular secondary ions. The objective of this work was to study its application in the context of the analysis of industrial textiles on which dermatological properties are given (cosmetotextiles). Three analytical approaches based on the specific properties of the active agents and technologies are presented. They required peculiar developments of methods (preliminary study, calibration, data processing and interpretation ...) and to consider the possibilities and limitations of the technique or the equipment in the particular context of these textile fibers analysis (topography, localized charge effect, contamination, complex formulations, segregation and concentration of some components from the treatments at the outermost surface ...).In the first approach, ToF-SIMS chemical mapping was used to successfully illustrate an active agent concentration gradient close to the outermost surface of polyamide matrices. The ability to identify the characteristic signatures of active agents and to validate their presence at the surface of textile samples was confirmed in most cases. However, signatures different from those from the active agent were needed to validate the treatment in the case of textiles treated by co-precipitation. Finally, a gentle sputtering protocol was tested to address the particular issue of industrial textiles covered with silicone based textile finishing
Sourd, Béatrice. "Contribution à l'étude de la réactivité de surface : réalisation d'un spectromètre de masse à temps de vol et détermination des coefficients de transport." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7b345552-bf89-4a0f-a23a-ec935b8ad94c/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4016.pdf.
Full textDuring this work, we designed, developed and optimised a Time of flight mass spectrometer for the purpose of studying the species present in pulsed plasma sources. The software, named, Simion was used to simulate the systems and thus to determine the voltage applied to the 20 electrodes present in the system. The ions are created as a result electronic impact and are accelerated under a potential difference of 1 kV. The distance of flight is 1. 3 m. A mass spectrum of the residual atmosphere at 10-5 mbar was studied, five major different species was detected. The estimated resolution is 250 (30 mass). In parallel, to this experimental work, transport coefficients were calculated theoretically. A data base of information regarding e/C/H/N/O was also developed for high pressure plasmas. In addition, it was established that the excited states of atomic nitrogen on the transport properties influence the calculations of these properties at high pressures
Kaczmarek, Jean. "Mise en évidence des phénomènes de photoconduction dans des cristaux liquides ferroélectriques photosensibles." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R028.
Full textFerroelectrical materials possess the remarkable property to orienting themselves and generating surfaces charges under electric field. Dipole movements can be observed by measuring internal electric field or spontaneous polarization under alternative electric field. These organic materials are widely used in fast display devices. The aim of this work was to propose a direct current measurement of photoconduction phenomenon in ferroelectric non-photosensitive and photosensitive liquid crystals by charge carrier transport in SSFLC devices using time of flight methodology. The proposed method is based on charge carrier transport determination which providing access to characteristics parameters like mobility. Differentprocedures have been presented for mobility estimation from adding increasing dopant concentrations, electrical field and temperature, as well as charge behaviour pattern for exploitation and description. This materials show real influence of several parameters on the photocurrent shape signal and different mobility values under large scales of temperature. The validation of the method on photosensitive ferroelectric materials and obtained results by data treatment show that this method can be used to characterize another liquid crystal whatever its phase including SmC*
Frache, Gilles Muller Jean-François. "Développements instrumentaux et méthodologiques appliqués à l'étude de particules issues de moteurs diesel de dernière génératin par désorption / ionisation laser couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2006/Frache.Gilles.SMZ0629.pdf.
Full textNoun, Manale. "Interaction agrégats-surface. Spectrométrie de masse par temps de vol et application analytique à des études sur des médicaments et sur la météorite Paris." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00906791.
Full textLebeau, Diane. "Modification chimique par introduction sélective de charge Tag pour la quantification des protéines par désorption MALDI en spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066237.
Full textAwwad, Elie. "Techniques émergentes de codage espace-temps pour les systèmes de communications optiques." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0004/document.
Full textResearch in the field of optical fiber communications is advancing at a rapid pace in order to meet the growing needs for higher data rates. The main driving forces behind these advancements are the availability of multiple degrees of freedom in the optical fiber allowing for multiplexing more data: amplitude, phase and polarization state of the optical field, along with time and wavelength are already used in the deployed optical transmission systems. Yet, these systems are approaching their theoretical capacity limits and an extra dimension "space" is investigated to achieve the next capacity leap. However, packing several data channels in the same medium brings with it differential impairments and crosstalk that can seriously deteriorate the performance of the system. In this thesis, we focus on recent optical MIMO schemes based on polarization division multiplexing (PDM) and space division multiplexing (SDM). In both, we assess the performance penalties induced by non-unitary crosstalk and loss disparities among the channels arising from imperfections in the used optical components (fibers, amplifiers, multiplexers...), and suggest novel MIMO coding techniques known as Space-Time (ST) codes, initially designed for wireless multi-antenna channels, to mitigate them
Roussel, Vivien. "Mesure de la cinétique de formation du dimère de l'eau à basses températures." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S197.
Full textKinetics measurements of water dimer formation at low temperatures
Frache, Gilles. "Développements instrumentaux et méthodologiques appliqués à l'étude de particules issues de moteurs diesel de dernière génératin par désorption / ionisation laser couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Frache.Gilles.SMZ0629.pdf.
Full textThe evolution of norms, engine technologies, and fell/ lubricant formulation involved a dramatic decrease of the polluting exhausts of diesel cars. The reference method for the analysis of diesel exhaust particles (extraction and GC/MS analysis) reaches its limitation for modem engines associated with particles filters. The aim of this study is to develop a high sensitivity analytic technique for the characterisation of this kind of samples. Laser Desorptio/Ionisation allows desorbing and ionising the compounds adsorbed on the surface of the particles without any other sampling step. The resulting ions are analysed by Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectromehy. The direct biphotonic ionisation is achieved by a Nd:YAG laser pulse (266 nrn, 4,6 evlphoton). This laser was coupled to a commercial Bruker MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. Structural studies of the Post-Source Decay of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons derivatives have been realised thanks to the adaptation of an electronic part of the instrument. The separation of desorption and ionisation processes has been studied by the synchronised use of two lasers (L2MS). These developments were applied to soots formed in shock-tube pyrolysis of model hydrocarbons and to real diesel exhaust particles samples. The effect of driving conditions, engine speed and gas oil formulation were discussed. This study results from the collaboration between TOTAL, the Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Laser Chemistry of Metz, and the Laboratory of Combustion and Reactive Systems of OrlC
Antoine, Rodolphe. "Etude du caractère plus ou moins conducteur des petits agrégats d'alcalins et d'hydrures de lithium par spectroscopie laser." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10063.
Full textDeconihout, Bernard. "Mise au point de la sonde atomique tomographique." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES062.
Full textClément, David. "Propriétés statiques et dynamiques d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein dans un potentiel aléatoire." Paris 6, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00262463v2.
Full textClimen, Bruno Bordas Christian. "Étude des mécanismes de désexcitation de C60 inonisation retardée et émission C2 /." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/09/28/29/PDF/These_CLIMEN.pdf.
Full textKamalou, Omar. "Faisceau d’agrégats chargés sélectionnés en taille : réalisation et premières expériences." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2011.
Full textThe main objective of this work concerns the production of beams of mass-selected clusters of metallic and semiconductor materials. Clusters are produced in a magnetron sputtering source combined with a gas aggregation chamber, cooled by liquid nitrogen circulation. Downstream of the cluster source, a Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight setup allows to select a given cluster size or a narrow size range. The pulsed mass-selected cluster ion beam is separated from the continuous neutral one by an electrostatic 90°-quadrupole deflector. After the deflector, the density of the pulsed beam amounts to about 103 particles/cm3. Preliminary deposition experiments of mass-selected copper clusters with a deposition energy of about 0. 5 eV/atom have been performed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates, indicating that copper clusters are evidently mobile on the HOPG-surface until they reach cleavage steps, dislocation lines or other surface defects. In order to lower the cluster mobility on the HOPG-surface, we have first irradiated HOPG samples with slow highly charged ions (high dose) in order to create superficial defects. In a second step we have deposited mass-selected copper clusters on these pre-irradiated samples. The first analysis by AFM techniques showed that the copper clusters are trapped, on the defects produced by the highly charged ions
Perez, Taciano Dreckmann. "Persistent memory and orthogonal persistence : a persistent heap design and its implementation for the Java virtual machine." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7562.
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Sistemas computacionais da atualidade tradicionalmente separam mem?ria e armazenamento. Linguagens de programa??o tipicamente refletem essa distin??o usando diferentes representa??es para dados em mem?ria (ex. estruturas de dados, objetos) e armazenamento (ex. arquivos, bancos de dados). A movimenta??o de dados entre esses dois n?veis e representa??es, bidirecionalmente, compromete tanto a efici?ncia do programador quanto de execu??o dos programas. Tecnologias recentes de memoria n?o-vol?til, tais como mem?ria de transi??o de fase, resistiva e magnetoresistiva, possibilitam combinar mem?ria principal e armazenamento em uma ?nica entidade de mem?ria persistente, abrindo caminho para abstra??es mais eficientes para lidar com persist?ncia de dados. Essa tese de doutorado introduz uma abordagem de projeto para o ambiente de execu??o de linguagens com ger?ncia autom?tica de mem?ria, baseado numa combina??o original de persist?ncia ortogonal, programa??o para mem?ria persistente, persist?ncia por alcance, e transa??es com atomicidade em caso de falha. Esta abordagem pode melhorar significativamente a produtividade do programador e a efici?ncia de execu??o dos programas, uma vez que estruturas de dados em mem?ria passam a ser persistentes de forma transparente, sem a necessidade de programar explicitamente o armazenamento, e removendo a necessidade de cruzar fronteiras sem?nticas. De forma a validar e demonstrar a abordagem proposta, esse trabalho tamb?m apresenta JaphaVM, a primeira M?quina Virtual Java especificamente projetada para mem?ria persistente. Resultados experimentais usando benchmarks e aplica??es reais demonstram que a JaphaVM, na maioria dos casos, executa as mesmas opera??es cerca de uma a duas ordens de magnitude mais rapidamente do que implementa??es equivalentes usando bancos de dados ou arquivos, e, ao mesmo tempo, requer significativamente menos linhas de c?digo.
Current computer systems separate main memory from storage. Programming languages typically reflect this distinction using different representations for data in memory (e.g. data structures, objects) and storage (e.g. files, databases). Moving data back and forth between these different layers and representations compromise both programming and execution efficiency. Recent nonvolatile memory technologies, such as Phase-Change Memory, Resistive RAM, and Magnetoresistive RAM make it possible to collapse main memory and storage into a single layer of persistent memory, opening the way for simpler and more efficient programming abstractions for handling persistence. This Ph.D. thesis introduces a design for the runtime environment for languages with automatic memory management, based on an original combination of orthogonal persistence, persistent memory programming, persistence by reachability, and lock-based failure-atomic transactions. Such design can significantly increase programming and execution efficiency, as in-memory data structures are transparently persistent, without the need for programmatic persistence handling, and removing the need for crossing semantic boundaries. In order to validate and demonstrate the proposed concepts, this work also presents JaphaVM, the first Java Virtual Machine specifically designed for persistent memory. In experimental results using benchmarks and real-world applications, JaphaVM in most cases executed the same operations between one and two orders of magnitude faster than database- and file-based implementations, while requiring significantly less lines of code.