Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Temps de trajet en fonction du temps'
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Gao, Liping. "Efficient approaches for large-scale time-dependent route planning problems with traveler's preference." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPASG084.pdf.
Full textTime-dependent route planning in real-world networks is still a big challenge today. In addition, travelers may have multi-preferences such as travel time, beautiful scenery, safety, and low carbon, simultaneously. With the development of infrastructures and the advancement of information technology, various spatio-temporal data that record the interactions between humans and the cyber-physical world can be collected and used to design traveler's preference-driven route planning. However, most of research focuses on finding the shortest path in a time-dependent network. In particular, 1) some works focus on optimizing the total traveler's preference score, but only propose a non-linear model that cannot be efficiently addressed; 2) few works investigate multi-objective time-dependent route planning problems, in which traveler preference score is assumed to be unvarying. However, traveler preference can vary with time; 3) recent works study group-oriented route planning problems, but consider the travel time and traveler preference to be time-unvarying. To reduce theory and practice gaps, three new time-dependent route planning problems with traveler's preference (TRPPs-TP) are investigated in this thesis.Firstly, a single-objective TRPP-TP is investigated in that the preference score on road segments is assumed to be time-dependent. The objective is to maximize the total preference score. For the problem, an integer linear programming model is proposed, and the NP-hard complexity of the problem is analyzed. To address the problem efficiently, a novel two-phase method is developed. Numerical experiments on randomly generated road networks and real-world road networks demonstrate the superiority of the developed method.Secondly, a bi-objective TRPP-TP with the time-dependent preference score is studied. The first objective is to maximize the total preference score, and the second one is to minimize the total travel time. For the problem, an integer linear programming model is formulated. For the problem, an exact epsilon-constraint method is applied to find the Pareto front on small-sized instances. To handle large-sized instances, an efficient problem-specific non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is developed. Especially, a new region-based coding is designed and a feasible route condition is provided to find near-optimal solutions in a reasonable computation time. Experiments on randomly generated road networks and real-world road networks demonstrate the performance of the proposed NSGA-II.Finally, a bi-objective eco-friendly group-oriented TRPP-TP is addressed. The first objective is to maximize the total traveler preference score and the second one is to minimize the total CO2 emissions. For this problem, a new integer linear programming model is proposed, and an epsilon-constraint method is used. Numerical experiments on randomly generated road networks are conducted to find the best balancing solutions
Lambert, Jacques. ""La séduction du temps intérieur : trajet d'Albert Lozeau jusqu'à L'Âme solitaire"." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5025/1/000620221.pdf.
Full textDauphin, Gabriel. "Application des représentations diffusives au temps discret." Paris, ENST, 2001. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005780.
Full textLapparent, Matthieu de. "De la valeur du temps à la valeur du risque de perte en temps dans les transports : le cas des déplacements domicile-travail." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010017.
Full textCourbebaisse, Guy. "Distributions temps-fréquence et temps-échelle : contributions au domaine des machines thermiques." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0050.
Full textBelraouti, Mehdi. "Convergence asymptotique des niveaux de temps quasi-concaves dans un espace temps à courbure constante." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978618.
Full textLambert-Lacroix, Sophie. "Fonction d'autocorrélation partielle des processus à temps discret non stationnaires et applications." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004893.
Full textDrouin, Marie-Christine. "Les temps de réaction à des tâches cognitives en fonction du vieillissement adulte." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61338.pdf.
Full textDubois, Eric. "Sur les réseaux de Pétri continus à vitesses maximales fonction du temps, constantes par paliers." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0071.
Full textMeyer, Christophe. "Adaptation temps réel de l'acquisition en imagerie par résonance magnétique en fonction de signaux physiologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0272/document.
Full textCine MRI of cardiac contraction is a relatively slow imaging technique. Comparatively, patient motion, especially cardiac beating and breathing, are fast and can lead to imaging artefacts. Cardiac contraction velocity provides clinically useful information. Firstly, we have shown that making this measurement was possible using phase contrast Cine MRI, and that getting similar values as those obtained in clinical routine using cardiac echography. The condition is to reach high temporal resolution, but to do so, the acquisition duration must be longer than a breathhold. Free-breathing motion management was done by two approaches: by averaging then by motion compensation using Cine-GRICS. Secondly, in order to achieve high temporal resolution Cine reconstruction, we proposed a way to deal with changing heart rate during Cine MRI acquisition, by the construction of a patient adapted cardiac model using realtime phase contrast MRI. Finally, cardio-respiratory motion management was adapted to small animal Cine MRI thanks to IntraGate echo navigators
Zhao, Xin. "Une méthode génétique pour la résolution du problème dynamique de routage de véhicules avec temps de parcours variables." Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0204.
Full textWe treat the dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows (DVRPTW) and the partially dynamic travelling repairman problem (PDTRP) where the inclusion of new customers during the routing execution is possible. In a first approach, we consider speed profiles based on average travel time depending on the time period (morning, noon, afternoon) to reflect the evolution of road traffic. Depending on the connection type between two customers, several profiles can be considered (feeder road, arterial road and freeway). In a second approach, we integrate traffic information obtained in real time to change the speed profile according to the accidents of the road network (congestion, etc. ). The analysis of the results of these experiments shows that our method with real-time traffic information provides a good performance, a better robustness against a simple model with time dependent travel time
Tyranowski, Raphaël Lucas. "La fonction du sujet et la temporalité des états délirants : prolégomènes à la clinique de l’extériorité." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20035/document.
Full textThe present research seeks to shed light on the relationship between the subject, delusion and time. The premises of this question are essentially clinical: in our practice we have encountered delusional patients whose states have presented subjective organizations that could not be described or understood in traditional terminology of psychiatry or psychology. This clinical experience has confronted us with two major difficulties: firstly, the subjective organization of the delusion often contradicts the psychological conception of the subject, secondly, in many cases the attempt to reduce the clinical form of delusion to the medical conception of continuous evolution leads to a ignorance of the subjective basis of the temporal organization of the phenomenon. In our work we demonstrate that the delusional phenomenon demands a concept of the subject and a notion of time, which meet the requirement of its clinical structure. Firstly, by re-examining the classic clinic of delusional states in the structural perspective, we explain why the study of delusional states requires a transgression of the traditional psychopathology approach. Then, on the basis of the detailed elaboration of the concept of logical time, we conceptualize a clinical approach, which shows that the relation between delusion formation and time is a discontinuous series of modes of subjectivation of jouissance which permit to identify the temporality of delusion with an arrangement of the succession of modes of temporalization. Thereby our research results in demonstrating the thesis, which postulates a structural solidarity of the function of the subject with the function-time in the clinic of delusional states
Assal, Marouane. "Analyse spectrale des systèmes d'opérateurs h-pseudodifférentiels." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0586/document.
Full textIn this work, we are interested in the spectral analysis of systems of semiclassical pseudodifferentialoperators. In the first part, we study the extension of the long time semiclassical Egorovtheorem in the case where the quantum Hamiltonian which generates the time evolution andthe initial quantum observable are two semiclassical pseudodifferential operators with matrixvaluedsymbols. Under an hyperbolicity condition on the principal symbol of the Hamiltonianwhich ensures the existence of the semiclassical projections, and for a class of observable thatare "semi-classically" block-diagonal with respect to these projections, we prove an Egorov theoremvalid in a large time interval of order log(h-1) known as the Ehrenfest time. Here h & 0is the semiclassical parameter.In the second part, we are interested in the spectral and scattering theories for self-adjointsystems of pseudodifferential operators. We develop a stationary approach for the study of thespectral shift function (SSF) associated to a pair of self-adjoint semiclassical Schrödinger operatorswith matrix-valued potentials. We prove a Weyl-type asymptotics with sharp remainderestimate on the SSF, and under the existence of a scalar escape function, a pointwise completeasymptotic expansion on its derivative. This last result is a generalisation in the matrix-valuedcase of a result of Robert and Tamura established in the scalar case near non-trapping energies.Our time-independent method allows us to treat certain potentials with energy-level crossings
POPIN, AUDBOURG MARIE. "La fonction de la musique dans la lyrique courtoise : la chanson au temps de charles vi." Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080580.
Full textThis work seeks to determine the importance of the french song at the end of the 14th century and, more specifically, its function in the life of the courts and individuals, its nature and the changes it underwent. While not neglecting any information contained in the 14th century manuscripts, particular emphasis has been placed on two of them, chantilly and turin, separated in time by almost twenty years and very different in conception. One of our aims was to understand how the text and the music operate independently without any pre-conditions as two distinct forms of expression. This examination confirms the fact that the music cannot merge with the words apart from the few rare occasions when language lends itself to this. At another level an attempt has been made to establish the relation between written counterpoint and performance. With the help of a dual approach the composer acheives rationalisation which is subtilitas or exteriorisation in his search for effects
Jabrane, Saïd. "Influence de la composition, de la température et du temps sur la fonction enthalpique du verre." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0011.
Full textThe enthalpic representation of glass using pressure and temperature only is not very satisfactory since it leads to contradictions like the Kauzmann paradox. The question raised therefore is that of the thermodynamic variables necessary to properly characterize the glassy state. To answer this question, we studied in a first stage the variations of the glass transition temperature Tg of propanediol 1. 2 and glycerol as a function of heating and cooling rates using DSC. The results showed that the glass transition is reversible in equilibrium conditions (zero heating and cooling rates). Then, the study of the influence of thermal annealing on the enthalpy of the glycerol glass was carried out. The DSC study revealed an enthalpic effect (exothermic) during annealing. This effect was attributed to a physico-chemical transformation involving molecular associations. Therefore, the thermodynamic properties of glass are a function, not only of temperature and pressure, but also of the extent of transformation of the latter transformation. On this view, the fictive temperature, largely used in literature, is the expression in terms of temperature of the extent of transformation. The thermodynamic origin of glass was further emphasized in the study of the variations of Tg with composition in two out of equilibrium phase diagrams (glycerol-propanediol 1. 2 and glycerol-water). Finally, the construction of the out of equilibrium phase diagram composed of the two propanediol 1. 2 enantiomers suggested that liquids (such as propanediol 1. 2) for which crystallization is impossible or very difficult are very likely mixtures of several molecular forms. The reason why they do not crystallize is therefore structural and not kinetic
GRENIE, DAMIEN. "Tomographie de temps de trajet adaptee au probleme de l'imagerie 3d en exploration sismique petroliere : theorie, mise en Œuvre logicielle et applications." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077030.
Full textBourotte, Marc. "Générateur stochastique de temps multisite basé sur un champ gaussien multivarié." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0415/document.
Full textStochastic weather generators are numerical models able to simulate sequences of weather data with similar statistical properties than observed data. However, few of them are able to simulate several variables (with precipitation) at different sites from one region. In this thesis, we propose an original model of stochastic generator based on a spatio-temporal multivariate Gaussian random field. A first methodological work was needed to develop a completely non separable cross-covariance function suitable for the spatio-temporal multivariate nature of studied data. This cross-covariance function is a generalization to the multivariate case of spatio-temporal non-separable Gneiting covariance in the case of the family of Matérn. The proof of the validity of the model and the estimation of its parameters by weighted pairwise maximum likelihood are presented. An application on weather data shows the interest of this new model compared with existing models. The multivariate Gaussian random field allows the modeling of weather variables residuals (excluding precipitation). Residuals are obtained after normalization of variables by seasonal means and standard deviations, themselves modeled by sinusoidal functions. The integration of precipitation in the stochastic generator requires the transformation of a component of the Gaussian random field by an anamorphosis function. This anamorphosis function can manage both the occurrence and intensity of precipitation. The corresponding component of the Gaussian random field corresponds to a rain potential, correlated with other variables by the cross-covariance function developed in this thesis. Our stochastic weather generator was tested on a set of 18 stations distributed over the Mediterranean area (or close) in France. The conditional and non-conditional simulation of daily weather variables (maximum and minimum temperature, average wind speed, solar radiation and precipitation) for these 18 stations show good result for a number of statistics
Filion, Danièle. "C’est le temps de vacciner : la fonction persuasive et la traduction d’un message de communication en santé." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32563.
Full textPoliakova, Natalia. "Processus de catégorisation émotionnelle : temps de latence comme fonction du rapport entre le contexte et son prototype." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/42907.
Full textPouli, Marie. "Genèse et fonction de l'épisode de Doncières dans "A la recherche du temps perdu", de Marcel Proust." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040110.
Full textLecomte, Nelly. "Le temps : expression et fonction dans le roman negro-africain d'expression francaise des annees 50 a 60." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR2D041.
Full textDans cette etude multidisciplinaire, portant sur le roman negroafricain d'expression francaise d'avant les independances, je me d'abord interessee a l'influence de l'acculturation sur la facon de vivre et de penser le temps. Pour etudier cette notion sous ses differents aspects, j'ai eu recours a la philosophie, la psychologie, la narratologie et la linguistique, ainsi qu'a mes temoignages recueillis sur le terrain. J'ai ete interessee par les rapports entre le reel et la fiction, ainsi que par les rapports entre la vie affective et le temps. Apres une analyse du temps dans le contenu, je me suis lancee dans une analyse du temps dans les structures du recit, ce qui m'a permis de determiner certaines organisations et certains rythmes du recit. Le temps est en effet contenu jusque dans les plus petites particules du recit, telles que l'eclairage, le bruitage et la mobilite des personnages, consideres par rapport au moment de la journee. Differents methodes d'analyses (tableaux, tabellisation, courbes du recit, molecules) ont ainsi mis a jour un balancement fondamental entre la vie et la mort, en meme temps qu'elles ont conduit a l'enonciation de formules-types et d'une certaine representation du temps. .
Pouli, Marie. "Genèse et fonction de l'épisode de Doncières dans "A la recherche du temps perdu", de Marcel Proust." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609019z.
Full textKloda, Tomasz. "Conditions d’ordonnançabilité pour un langage dirigé par le temps." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0019/document.
Full textThe goal of this research is to define a time-triggered language for modeling real-time systems and to provide the conditions for their schedulability under Earliest Deadline First (EDF). Time-triggered languages separate the functional part of applications from their timing definition. These languages permit to model the real-time system temporal behavior by assigning system activities to particular time instants. We propose a new time-triggered framework, Extended Timing Definition Language (E-TDL), that enhances the basic task model used in Giotto and TDL while keeping compositional and modular structure brought by the latter. An E-TDL task is characterized by: an offset, a worst case execution time, a Logical Execution Time (a time interval between task release and its termination) and a period. The schedulability analysis of the system based on this new task model should be, in particular for EDF, investigated. We develop, on the concept of the processor demand criterion, conditions for the feasibility of an E-TDL system running on a single CPU under EDF. A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained by considering the global schedules that are made up of execution traces occurring at the same time in distinct modules that are able to switch their modes at predefined instants. We estimate a maximal length of the interval on which the schedulability condition must be checked. A tool suite performing the schedulability analysis of the E-TDL systems is developed
Ivanov, Ievgen. "Investigation dans des systèmes abstraits avec entrées et sorties comme fonctions partielles de temps." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2346/.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to investigation of properties of systems with inputs and outputs as partial functions on the real time domain. In our work systems of this kind are mapped to abstractions called blocks. The notion of a block can be considered as a specific extension of the notions of a system with inputs and outputs which were studied in various variants of mathematical systems theory. The main aspects of blocks are nondeterminism, partiality of inputs/outputs, real time domain. The following novel results concerning blocks were obtained in the thesis: (1) Weak and strong notions of nonanticipation considered in the works on mathematical systems theory by T. Windeknecht, M. Mesarovic, Y. Takahara for different classes of systems were extended to blocks and compared. (2) A representation theorem for strongly nonanticipative blocks was proved. It was shown that such blocks can be represented using an introduced class of abstract dynamical systems called Nondeterministic Complete Markovian Systems (NCMS) which is based on the notion of a solution system introduced in the Theory of Processes by O. Hájek. (3) General criteria for the existence of total input-output pairs of a strongly nonanticipative block and the existence of a total output for a given total input of a strongly nonanticipative block. The obtained results are useful in formalization and analysis of block diagram-based specification and development languages for cyber-physical systems and real-time information processing systems
Wehr, Hannah. "Modélisation 3D des Pyrénées à partir des données géologiques, gravimétriques et sismiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30317/document.
Full textA three-dimensional geological model of the Pyrenees and their foreland basins is constructed with the GeoModeller software. This model accounts for all the geological and geophysical information available and covers the whole Pyrenees, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, and from the Iberian Range to the Massif Central, down to 70 km depth. It is able to explain main features of Bouguer gravity anomalies and of seismic travel times. 3D inversion is performed to refine this model. Joint geological and geophysical modeling and inversion reveal differences in the crustal structure between the western and central Pyrenees and the eastern Pyrenees. They show furthermore the presence of exhumed mantle material enclosed in the crust beneath the Labourd Massif and Saint-Gaudens, as well as the necessity of a low density anomalie in the eastern Pyrenees
Folacci, Antoine. "Quantification des champs en espace-temps courbe et renormalisation du tenseur d'impulsion-énergie." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112075.
Full textRakem, Yasmina. "Analyse critique et reformulation mathématique d'un modèle pluie-débit (GR4)." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENPC9937.
Full textMedzeghe, M'Obame Rudolphe. "Représentations du temps et pratiques du travail salarié au Gabon de 1960 à 2016." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1024/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis we are presenting is to contribute to the understanding of the link that exists in Gabon between time representations and practices of work. For everyone, these representations thrive not only on the interraction with direct environment, on the basis of which the action's construction is affected. But they also thrive on a collective layout of norms, values and principles proper to a social group. We have got down to find the resulting effects of time representations on practices of wage-earning work, that's to say, work done by someone in exchange for a salary. Indeed, since 1960 gabonese public administration is ruled by a "judeo-christian and capitalist" time according to Rossatanga-Rignault's catchphrase, implanted by the former colonial power. The issue of our research is to examine in 2016 this time-related functioning in order to certify if it includes or not specific collective representations to Gabonese society and time-related experience of the local agents
Bhiri, Bassem. "Stabilité et stabilisation en temps fini des systèmes dynamiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0100/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the finite time stability and the finite time stabilization of dynamic systems. Indeed, it is often important to ensure that during the transient regime, the state trajectories do not exceed certain predefined limits in order to avoid saturations and excitations of the nonlinearities of the system. Hence the interest is to study the stability of the dynamic system in finite time. A dynamic system is said to be stable in finite time (FTS) if, for any initial state belonging to a predetermined bounded set, the state trajectory remains within another predetermined bounded set for a finite and fixed time. When the system is disturbed, it is called finite time boundedness (FTB). In this manuscript, the goal is to improve the results of finite time stability used in the literature. First, new sufficient conditions expressed in terms of LMIs for the synthesis of an FTB controller by dynamic output feedback have been developed via an original descriptor approach. An original method has been proposed which consists in using a particular congruence transformation. Second, new LMI conditions for the study of finite time stability and finite time stabilization have been proposed for disturbed and undisturbed nonlinear quadratic systems. Third, to obtain even less conservative conditions, new developments have been proposed using polynomial Lyapunov functions
Chezalviel, Frédérique. "Mise au point d'un modèle d'étude de la fonction ventriculaire gauche par échocardiographie temps mouvement chez le chien éveillé." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P012.
Full textDrouet, Delphine. "Décision résidentielle des ménages : entre choix et contraintes." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0966/document.
Full textThe residential choice depends to a certain number of constraints: whether internal to the household or resulting from market distortion, these constraints change considerably the choices set of the households. The first part of the thesis is about the internal constraints to the household. The resulting work is a continuation of the work realized on the family economy and that of decision-making depending on their mobility. The first constraint presented is about the discrimination on the prices in the housing market. The literature has studied in detail the question of the discrimination in access to the housing highlighting a restricted and tacit access to the immigrant households, but no study has ever considered the highlighting of a potential residential discrimination by prices. In this article, we study the effective rent differences between French natives and immigrants, using the decomposition proposed by Oaxaca & Blinder (1973). We search to explain theses rent differentials by a part attributable to individual choices differences and another due to a discrimination on the housing market based on the data of the 1996 housing survey. Although no discrimination by price has clearly been shown, however some housing characteristics seem more expensive for immigrants. The second part of the thesis presents two constraints intra-households. The first of that is housing occupied by agents before they merge in order to create a household. The literature has deeply studied the residential mobility choices of couples through most of the stages of the life cycle, without including that of the household formation. However, this would allow taking into account the plurality of decision makers inside the household. This chapter offer a collective model of the household formation, measuring the probability that a couple, together, occupies the dwelling occupied by the man single, the one occupied by the woman single, compared to the fact of refuse them both, based on the estimations of a multinomial logit model. We work on the data housing national survey of 2002 which allow us to trace the totality the mobility paths of two agents. We studie the choice of the first household housing in the sense of its initial occupation. The elaboration of the theoretical model, based on a collective type model, where agents realized a negotiation, including the situation where the two may not have to leave the respective homes, in the couple threat points. We propose an enhanced version of the model where we argue that the decision of the collective housing can implied an inefficiency in the futures couple decisions. Although the man housing seems to be a proven choice, wage inequality between men and women, as well as the age difference within the couple tend to significantly influence the couples choice. Then, the housing choice, for a couple, has to take into account the daily travel time between home and workplace. The agents, having a localized job, choose a housing which meets their needs in a region where space occupation is strongly heterogeneous and housing supply is not uniformly distributed. The idea of this article is to measure the impact of agents individual characteristics on the attached decision of the household travel times, as well as how the agents allocated theses movements. The data are these of the French 1999 census of the population, enhanced with communal data and agents travel times. We show that a distinction can be realized between men and women on the attraction to the employment poles and the job stability
Guillemin, Jean-Philippe. "Rhéologie de suspensions concentrées de matériaux énergétiques recyclables – Modélisation du temps de coulée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00276364.
Full textAvant d'être à l'état solide, les explosifs de type XF13333 se présentent sous forme de suspensions dont la fraction volumique solide est de l'ordre de 55%. L'aptitude à l'écoulement de ces pâtes est donc gouvernée par la rhéologie des suspensions concentrées. Le procédé de préparation utilisé par le partenaire industriel étant de type coulée-fondue, l'objectif des travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit est de proposer un modèle prédictif du temps que met une suspension concentrée en matériaux énergétiques à s'écouler gravitairement depuis un réacteur agité de mélange vers un corps d'obus initialement vide.
L'étude de l'influence de la fraction volumique solide sur le comportement rhéologique de suspensions modèles inertes a d'abord été envisagée. Deux échelles de taille de grains ont été considérées, l'une micrométrique et l'autre nanométrique. En fonction de la taille des particules, la pâte adopte différents comportements rhéologiques : la suspension constituée de particules micrométriques adopte un comportement newtonien tandis que la suspension constituée de particules nanométriques passe d'un comportement newtonien à un comportement de fluide à seuil, de type Bingham ou Herschel-Bulkley.
Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés à l'influence de l'état d'organisation de la phase solide que l'on peut décrire par la fraction volumique maximale de solide. Nous avons étudié l'influence de ce paramètre sur le comportement rhéologique des suspensions. Etant donné la forte analogie de comportement entre une pâte d'explosifs et le ciment, nous nous sommes intéressés aux travaux de recherche menés depuis de nombreuses années dans le secteur du génie civil. En particulier, nous avons utilisé le modèle de De Larrard pour calculer fraction volumique maximale de solide à partir des distributions en taille des grains constituant le mélange.
Pour caractériser la rhéologie des suspensions XF13333, l'utilisation d'un rhéomètre de Couette n'est pas adaptée car la sédimentation des particules et la déstabilisation de l'émulsion formant le fluide suspendant rendent la suspension inhomogène. Pour la maintenir dans sa fonction d'usage (i.e. homogène), nous avons développé un rhéomètre non conventionnel et appliqué l'analogie de Couette. Il est ressorti de cette étude expérimentale que ces suspensions complexes sont des fluides d'Ostwald.
La modélisation du temps d'écoulement des suspensions XF13333 en configuration industrielle s'est fondée sur l'expression de la viscosité d'une suspension concentrée de Quemada. Les valeurs théoriques ont été comparées aux valeurs expérimentales de temps de vidange d'un certain volume de suspension concentrée XF13333.. Il est ressorti que le modèle de temps d'écoulement proposé représente correctement la réalité.
Hage, Ré-Mi. "Estimation du temps de parcours d'un réseau urbain par fusion de données de boucles magnétiques et de véhicules traceurs : Une approche stochastique avec mise en œuvre d'un filtre de Kalman sans parfum." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=017ac178-dd29-4d05-9166-22c3a9a5c895.
Full textTravel time information is easy to be perceived by users and has the potential to reduce congestion on both temporal and spatial scales thanks to traveller assistance systems. This thesis addresses the problem of estimating the travel time in city, where traffic is characterized by variable flow and also significant perturbation from/to mid-link source/sink that are not equipped with traffic sensors. This flow disturbs the equation of conservation of vehicles. The bibliography contains deterministic and stochastic approaches, using, in specific experimental situations, either inductive loops or probe vehicles, or both. We propose a stochastic approach based on unscented Kalman filtering. Its dynamic model is based on the classical analytical procedure that considers the time difference between the total of incoming and outgoing vehicles for each segment of the network. The formulation of this model is not explicit, which justifies the use of an unscented filter. The observations are both loop counters at the exit sections and probe vehicles map-matched to the network. The algorithm is applicable in real time, without prior information on the percentage of turning movements at intersections, and under any condition of perturbation. The variance estimation output by the filter measures the confidence in the estimated travel time and allows the rejection of outliers. The validation was shown based on simulations on a simple network with three intersections, variable entering flows, variable percentage of perturbation, and a variable percentage of probe vehicles
Taousser, Fatima Zohra. "Analyse de stabilité des systèmes à commutations sur un domaine de temps non-uniforme." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0038/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the stability analysis of switched systems that evolve on non uniform time domain by introducing the time scale theory. We are interested mainly in dynamical linear switched systems defined on particular time scale T = P{tσk ,tk+1} = ∪∞k=0[tσk, tk+1]. The studied system switches between a continuous-time dynamical subsystem on the intervals ∪∞k=0[tσk, tk+1[ and a discrete-time dynamical subsystem on instants ∪∞k=0{tk+1} (a discrete time) with a time-varying discrete step. In a first part, sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the exponential stability of this class of switched systems. Then necessary and sufficient conditions for stability are given by determining a region of exponential stability. In the second part, the stability of this class of switched systems with nonlinear uncertainties, is treated using majoration of the solution, and after that by introducing the approach of a common Lyapunov function. The third part is devoted to the consensus problem under intermittent information transmissions where the closed-loop multi-agent system can be represented as a switched system using a combination of linear continuous-time and linear discrete-time systems
Ahmadivala, Morteza. "Vers une planification optimale de la maintenance des structures existantes sur la base d'une analyse de fiabilité en fonction du temps." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2020CLFAC056_AHMADIVALA.pdf.
Full textCivil engineering structures play an important role in any country for improving the economy together with the social and environmental welfare. An unwanted failure might cause significant impacts at different levels for the structure owner and for users. Fatigue is one of the main degradation processes on steel structures that causes structural failure before the end of the designed service life. To avoid unexpected failures due to fatigue, a comprehensive structural Life Cycle Management (LCM) is required to minimize the life-cycle cost and maximize the structural service life. One of the main objectives within the LCM can be related to optimizing the structural maintenance planning. Achieving this goal is a challenging task which requires to address some challenges such as predicting the structural performance under uncertainty, employing Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) data to reduce uncertainties, taking into account crack propagation behavior for given components, reliability and cost-informed decision making, and effect of maintenance actions among others. Accordingly, following contributions are considered in this research to improve the capabilities of structural LCM which are explained shortly in the sequel.Developing a new time-dependent reliability method for fatigue reliability analysis.Investigating the effectiveness of advanced crack propagation tools to study unwanted fatigue cracking problems and characterizing some possible repair actions on a real case study.Introducing the assumptions and simplification steps required to integrate the proposed time-dependent reliability method with crack propagation models to approximate the time-dependent fatigue reliability.As the first contribution of this thesis, a new time-dependent reliability method called AK-SYS-t is proposed. This method provides an efficient and accurate tool to evaluate time-dependent reliability of a component compared to other available methods. AK-SYS-t relates the time-dependent reliability to system reliability problems and tries to exploit the efficient system reliability methods such as AK-SYS towards time-dependent reliability analysis. It is worth mentioning that time-dependent reliability analysis is necessary in this context since the performance deterioration (such as fatigue) is a time-dependent process associated with time-dependent parameters such as fatigue loading.Another related topic is the study of crack propagation phenomenon with advanced modeling tools such as Finite Element Method (FEM) and eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). For illustration purposes, the crack in the root of a fillet weld is considered (common fatigue detail in bridges with orthotropic deck plates). One important issue investigated herein is the influence of the transversal tension in the deck plate on the direction of the crack propagation. It is shown how increasing the transversal tension in the deck plate may change the crack propagation towards the deck plate. Such cracks are considered dangerous since they are hard to inspect and detect. In the end, XFEM is used to investigate the effectiveness of two possible repair solutions.A supplementary contribution is related to introducing the required steps in order to integrate the newly developed time-depend reliability method with crack propagation problems through some applicational examples. This is a challenging task since performing the time-dependent reliability analysis for such problems requires a cycle-by-cycle calculation of stress intensity factors which requires huge computational resources. Therefore, the aim here is to introduce the assumptions and simplification steps in order to adopt the AK-SYS-t for fatigue reliability analysis. Accordingly, two examples are considered. (...)
Ha, Duy Hung. "Modélisation statistique et probabiliste du temps inter-véhiculaire aux différents niveaux de trafic." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1140.
Full textTime Headway (TH) is a microscopic variable in traffic flow theories that has been studied since the 1930s. Distribution of this fundamental variable describes the arrival pattern of vehicles in traffic flow, so probabilistic modeling is the main approach to study TH and represent driving behaviour. The applications of the variable in traffic engineering are varied; include capacity calculation, microscopic simulation, traffic safety analysis, etc. This dissertation aims at modeling the TH distribution in different contexts. Firstly, the short-time sampling method and long-time sampling method are applied to obtain TH samples from the two data bases (the RN118 national roadway and the A6 motorway). Then, three probabilistic TH model types are analyzed and classified. An exhaustive comparison between the existing models and between the corresponding estimation methods lead to consider that the gamma-GQM is the best TH model in the literature. An estimation process is also proposed in order to obtain good and stable estimated results of the parameters. After that, the TH probabilistic modeling is developed by six new models. Except for the two ones which are worse, the four other models are statistically equivalent and/or better than the gamma-GQM. For practical reason, the Double Gamma model is selected, as a comparison model, with the gamma-GQM to calibrate all TH samples. Three traffic levels are considered: macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic. The effects of exogenous factors are also examined. Examining this factor in each macroscopic variable level leads to distinguish two following factor types: impeding factor and propulsive factor. Finally, different approaches for TH validation are tested. The proposed approach of “envelope of distributions” seems to be promising for future applications
Cavichioli, Gonzaga Carlos. "Analyse de stabilité et de performances d'une classe de systèmes non-linéaires à commutations en temps discret." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762873.
Full textCorral, Gonzalez Joël Eduardo. "Mesure de paramètres de qualité de service dans les réseaux IP." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10121.
Full textCauffriez, Laurent. "Contribution à la mesure en temps réel des performances de production d'ateliers manufacturiers dans les applications de supervision distribuées." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/597b9ca8-7598-4686-82b0-c5bebe7909ee.
Full textEl, Heda Khadijetou. "Choix optimal du paramètre de lissage dans l'estimation non paramétrique de la fonction de densité pour des processus stationnaires à temps continu." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0484/document.
Full textThe work this thesis focuses on the choice of the smoothing parameter in the context of non-parametric estimation of the density function for stationary ergodic continuous time processes. The accuracy of the estimation depends greatly on the choice of this parameter. The main goal of this work is to build an automatic window selection procedure and establish asymptotic properties while considering a general dependency framework that can be easily used in practice. The manuscript is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the literature on the subject, set the state of the art and discusses our contribution in within. In the second part, we design an automatical method for selecting the smoothing parameter when the density is estimated by the Kernel method. This choice stemming from the cross-validation method is asymptotically optimal. In the third part, we establish an asymptotic properties pertaining to consistency with rate for the resulting estimate of the window-width
Guehria, Wajih. "Fluctuations des représentations linguistiques en fonction de l'espace /temps du discours de référence : cas d'étudiants algériens de la ville de Souk-Ahras." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100088.
Full textThis research deals with the linguistic representations of students from Souk-ahras, an Algerian inland town where several languages compete. Some are appreciated, but symbolically rejected; others are disparaged, but enjoy positive representations. Relying on praxematic linguistics in analyzing the corpus collected from interviews, the author attempted to understand the reasons for this fluctuation of representations. It was assumed that attachment to the languages of instruction (such as French or standard Arabic) was closely linked to the professional future of interviewed persons. The approach adopted to confirm this hypothesis led the author to the delimitation of reality into several areas – “personal life”, “professional life”, and “cultural life” - likely to induce the variation of the representation of languages. This fragmentation of “everyday life” emphasized “space-times in the precise reference discourse” that energize the diglossic intensity among languages and thus determine the positive or negative polarity of a linguistic representation. The analysis of this corpus highlights an initial reflection on the sociolinguistic situation of Algeria’s internal areas. The obtained results may constitute a basis for the development of more adapted and “realistic” school and university curricula
Dejnozkova, Eva. "Architecture dédiée au traitement d'image basé sur les équations aux dérivées partielles." Paris, ENMP, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001180.
Full textThe image processing methods based on Partial Differetial Equations (PDEs) draw a groving attention of the scientific community. The number of applications has increased with the introduction of the Level Set methods. The EDPs apply in many domains such the image improvement, the segmentation by active contours usedboth for static pictures and image sequences or recent methods such as shape-from-shading. The industrial applications of these methods remain limited due to a computation complexity on one hand, and the difficulties of embedded system implementation (energy consumption, memory requirements) on the other hand. Our goal is to propose a dedicated architecture facilitating the implementation of a realtime embedded system. Regarding this objective, we propose a new algorithm Massive Marching solving the Eikonal equation for computation of the distance function. It proceeds in parallel and eliminates the usage of the ordered data structures. It allows to obtain the solution either on the entire image or only on its part : the Narrow Band around the propagation front. The complexity of Massive Marching is linear. The Massive Marching represents the algorithm allowing to obtain the watershed in parallel. Next, we propose two architecture types (i) SIMD and (ii) MIMD, based on several embedded processor cores, implementing Massive Marching in parallel or semi-parallèle. The same architecture types can be used to implement filtering algorithms as well as methods of interface evolution. The same architecture can therefore be used to implement all the steps of a complete application consisting of different types of algorithms, e. G. Filtering followed by segmentation
Manrique, Espindola Dolly Tatiana. "Commande optimale d’une voiture électrique à faible consommation sous contraintes temps réel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0198/document.
Full textIn the field of transportation, the research on energy efficiency has been carried out for few decades by the automotive industry, where one of the main objectives is to reduce the energetic consumption. This particular problem can be rephrased as how the vehicle must be driven so that the minimum quantity of energy is used. This is the optimal driving strategy. In this project, a suitable model of the Vir'volt electric vehicle involved in the European Shell Eco-Marathon is obtained. The unknown parameters involved in the vehicle dynamics are estimated using Parameter identification from experimental data. The identified dynamics is used to derive an optimal driving strategy that is intended to be tracked on-line during the driving task. The tracking task is subject to time-varying polytopic constraint on the input and/or the state. A MPC-based tracking strategy that uses an homothetic transformation as a suitable time-varying invariant set is used. The time-varying invariant set guarantees the asymptotic stability of the control law. The problem of the MPC tracking for Linear Parametric Varying (LPV) systems is introduced. A new explicit MPC strategy for LPV systems is developed. This strategy uses a Parameter dependent Lyapunov Function (PDLF) to involve explicitly the time-varying parameter in the control law and so it reduces conservatism. A benchmark is used to test the performances of the optimal driving strategy and the explicit MPC tracking strategy. Finally, a robust adaptive technique with on-line identification of the dynamics is has been proposed and tested in the race showing good performances of the adaptive driving strategy
COIC, HERVE. "Melange a quatre ondes en impulsions picosecondes. Etude de la forme temporelle de l'impulsion diffractee en fonction des temps de reponse du milieu." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077139.
Full textLEMAIRE, VINCENT. "Une nouvelle fonction de cout regularisante dans les reseaux de neurones artificiels : application a l'estimation des temps de blocage dans un nud atm." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066292.
Full textHans, Etienne. "Modélisation des lignes de bus pour la prévision temps réel et la régulation dynamique." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0006/document.
Full textBus is cheaper than other transport modes. However, maintaining optimal operations is harder than for streetcars or subways since buses are surrounded by traffic flows. Sometimes, buses of the same route bunch and travel together instead of keeping constant time headways. This phenomenon increases the average waiting time of passengers. As a result, they may tend to shift to other transport modes. This thesis proposes some methods to keep bus routes regular. Two main lines of research are investigated.First, classical models of bus routes do not account for external events like traffic signals and traffic flows. Due to this gap, existing control strategies only apply on buses through their drivers.Traffic flows are not controlled to favor buses compared to cars. Thus, the first area of research consists in refining bus models to account for external events. Several travel time estimation methods on urban arterials are proposed. They are based on the kinematic wave model (LWR). It is known to be a fine trade-off between simplicity and robustness to properly reproduce traffic dynamics.Second, control strategies are often applied once the bus route is too disrupted to be restored to regularity. Predictions of future bus route states could improve the efficiency of regulations. The second area of research consists in using the refined bus models in real time operations. The model forecasts the evolution of buses on their route for short-term. The predictions are evaluated thanks to real data to guarantee their quality. Then it enables regulations to be applied before bunching. In particular, height holding control methods are presented and compared in simulation
Grellier, Delphine. "Les pratiques ludiques de simulation de rôles : reflet et trajet de l'esprit du temps : jeux de rôles, jeux vidéo de rôles et d'aventures, jeux de rôles en ligne massivement multijoueurs." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30052.
Full textThis research presents an analysis of our times spirit, through the way of a contemporary illustration of the universal game practice. The sociological relevance of the study of the playful and its association with the principle of simulation is easily demonstrable, insofar as not only the playful and the simulation occupy a growing importance in the daily life of contemporary societies, but, besides, the association of these two principles knows an enhanced development, as the perpetual increase of the simulation games players population gives evidence of it. In this context, role simulation game practices – role-playing games, role and adventure videogames, and massively multiplayer online role playing games – appear as a favourable ground to the study of contemporary sociality through several aspects : playful practices, social representations, ways of socialization and contemporary imagination
Verlut, Isabelle. "Composants cognitifs de l'apprentissage d'habilités : une approche neuropsychologique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T011.
Full textLecoutre, Baptiste. "Transport quantique d'atomes ultra-froids en milieu désordonné : Temps de diffusion élastique et fonctions spectrales." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP060.
Full textThis manuscript presents the work of a thesis dealing with the quantum transport of matter-waves in optical disordered potentials. This thesis lies in the context of the experimental study of the critical regime of the Anderson transition separating the localized states of a quantum particle in a disordered potential from its diffusive states. We will first present the fundamental concepts of wave propagation in disordered media to introduce the phenomenon of Anderson localization, for which we will establish the state of the art of its study with ultracold atoms. We will then present our apparatus, generating Bose-Einstein condensates as sources of matter-waves as well as our setup generating a spin-dependant optical disorder. We will focus on the upgrades we brought to our experiment to overcome the limitations previously encountered. After the introduction of these concepts, we will focus on the measurement of the elastic scattering time which is one the elmentary parameters of wave propagation in disorder. We will finish by connecting those measurements to the concept of spectral function, previously measured with our experiment. All those works pave the way to the spectrocopic study of the Anderson transition with ultracold atoms
Meunier, Tristan. "Oscillations de Rabi induites par un renversement du temps : un test de la cohérence d'une superposition quantique mésoscopique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011329.
Full textNous présentons une étude expérimentale de cette intrication avec un atome de Rydberg circulaire et une cavité micro-onde supraconductrice. Pour sonder le champ, nous avons développé une mesure de la fonction ‘Q', appliquée à différents états : état à un photon, état cohérent. Nous avons ainsi mesuré la distance entre les composantes de phase produites par l'oscillation de Rabi. Cette mesure, au contraire de l'observation des résurgences, ne prouve pas la cohérence de la superposition. Nous avons donc induit ces résurgences par une transformation de l'état atomique, se ramenant à un renversement du temps, et obtenu ainsi une preuve de la création de superpositions quantiques mésoscopiques.