Journal articles on the topic 'Temporomandibular joint condyle'
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Al-Rawi, Natheer Hashim, Asmaa Tahseen Uthman, and Sahar M. Sodeify. "Spatial analysis of mandibular condyles in patients with temporomandibular disorders and normal controls using cone beam computed tomography." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 01 (January 2017): 099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_202_16.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the condylar position and its relation to articular eminence and axial condylar angle in temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) patients and in normal controls using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT temporomandibular joint (TMJ) images of 70 participants (38 males and 32 females, mean age 26.4 years) were analyzed. They were divided into control group (including 35 subjects) and study group (including 35 subjects). Linear measurements of joint space and condyle determined the condylar position of each TMJ. Articular eminence height and inclination were also measured with axial condylar angle to determine its relation to condylar position. Independent and paired sample t-test was applied to compare between the groups and TMJ sides of the same group at significance level of 0.05. Results: Statistical significant differences were found between males and females of both groups regarding superior joint space (SJS), lateral joint space, A-P, and M-L condyle distance (P < 0.05). SJS, medial joint space (MJS), and eminence angle were greater (P < 0.01) in male's joints with TMD with flatter axial condylar angle (P < 0.05), when compared with normal TMJ counterpart. Females TMJs showed significantly higher values of MJS of affected side when compared with normal counterpart with flatter axial condylar angle (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Superior and MJS parameters were the ones that showed significant differences between affected and nonaffected joints. The mean axial condylar angle was smaller in joints with abnormal TMJ. This indicates that the condyles of the affected joints may rotate inward.
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Lin, Min, Yifei Xu, Hao Wu, Haixia Zhang, Shuang Wang, and Kun Qi. "Comparative cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint position and morphology in female patients with skeletal class II malocclusion." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 030006051989238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519892388.
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Objective This study was performed to evaluate the position and morphology of the temporomandibular joint in female patients with skeletal class II malocclusion and to investigate the association between temporomandibular joint disorders and facial types using cone-beam computed tomography. Methods A lateral cephalogram was taken to determine the skeletal class of each participant. Sixty female patients aged 16 to 28 years were divided into high-angle, low-angle, and control groups. The shape of the condyle–fossa was measured and assessed on cone-beam computed tomography images of the 120 temporomandibular joints. Results Some condylar shape measurements displayed statistically significant differences among the groups. No significant differences were found in the length of the condyle, width of the glenoid fossa, or height of the articular eminence among the three groups. The posterior condylar position was more frequently observed in the low-angle group, whereas the anterior condylar position was more prevalent in the high-angle group. Conclusion The present study revealed differences in the condyle–fossa morphology and position in female patients with skeletal class II malocclusion with different vertical facial types.
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Paknahad, Maryam, Shoaleh Shahidi, Shiva Iranpour, Sabah Mirhadi, and Majid Paknahad. "Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Assessment of Mandibular Condylar Position in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction and in Healthy Subjects." International Journal of Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/301796.
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Statement of the Problem. The clinical significance of condyle-fossa relationships in the temporomandibular joint is a matter of controversy. Different studies have evaluated whether the position of the condyle is a predictor of the presence of temporomandibular disorder.Purpose. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the condylar position according to gender in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and healthy controls using cone-beam computed tomography.Materials and Methods. CBCT of sixty temporomandibular joints in thirty patients with TMD and sixty joints of thirty subjects without TMJ disorder was evaluated in this study. The condylar position was assessed on the CBCT images. The data were analyzed using Pearson chi-square test.Results. No statistically significant differences were found regarding the condylar position between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Posterior condylar position was more frequently observed in women and anterior condylar position was more prevalent in men in the symptomatic group. However, no significant differences in condylar position were found in asymptomatic subjects according to gender.Conclusion. This study showed no apparent association between condylar positioning and clinical findings in TMD patients.
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Dahal, Samarika, Alok Atreya, Sanjay Prasad Gupta, and Srikant Natarajan. "Oval Type of Human Mandibular Condyle in Panoramic Radiographs of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 60, no. 250 (June 1, 2022): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.7416.
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Introduction: Mandibular condyle is a prominent structure in the mandible, which forms the temporomandibular joint. An oval-shaped condyle is considered to be present with a normal temporomandibular joint and any morphological variation of the condyle is assumed to be pathologic in temporomandibular disorders. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of oval shaped mandibular condyle among orthopantomogram radiographs of patients visiting the tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among 752 condyles visiting a tertiary care center from November 29, 2021 to April 1, 2022. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 184 (6-11) 078/079) before conducting the study. Convenience sampling was done. The radiographs were first examined and the observed morphological type of mandibular condyle was noted. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of oval shaped mandibular condyles out of 752 condyles was 416 (55.32%) (51.77-58.87 at 95% Confidence Interval). The oval-shaped condyle on the right side was 205 (54.52%) and on the left side was 211 (56.12%). Conclusions: The prevalence of oval shaped condyles among patients in this study was similar to the studies done in similar settings.
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Zhang, Min, Takahiro Ono, Yongjin Chen, Xin Lv, Shun Wu, Hong Song, Ruini Zhao, and Yibing Wang. "Effects of Condylar Elastic Properties to Temporomandibular Joint Stress." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/509848.
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Mandibular condyle plays an important role in the growth and reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We aimed to obtain orthotropic elastic parameters of the condyle using a continuous-wave ultrasonic technique and to observe the effects of condylar elastic parameters on stress distribution of the TMJ using finite element analysis (FEA). Using the ultrasonic technique, all nine elastic parameters were obtained, which showed that the mandibular condyle was orthotropic. With the condyle defined as orthotropic, the occlusal stress was transferred fluently and uniformly from the mandible to the TMJ. The stress distribution in the isotropic model showed stepped variation among different anatomical structures with higher stress values in the cartilage and condyle than in the orthotropic model. We conclude that anisotropy has subtle yet significant effects on stress distribution of the TMJ and could improve the reality of simulations.
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Caporn, T. M. "Traumatic Temporomandibular Joint Luxation." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 08, no. 01 (1995): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632428.
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SummaryThe feline temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is inherently more stable than the canine or human joint through the close congruity of the feline mandibular fossa and condyle. Rostral luxation of the feline TMJ is resisted by a relatively large bony eminence. Traumatic luxations of the feline TMJ are therefore often associated with fractures of the mandibular fossa and/or condyle (1).The anatomy of the temporomandibular joint shows variations between species. These are highlighted by comparing the human, canine and feline temporomandibular articulations.
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Rawlani, Shivlal, Rahul Bhowate, Shivali Kashikar, Monika Khubchandani, Sudhir Rawlani, and Rakhi Chandak. "Morphological evaluation of temporo-mandibular joint in indian population." Brazilian Dental Science 21, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2018.v21i1.1488.
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The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in the body and its harmonious functioning is very important to maintain a normal masticatory system. The morphologic alterations and the asymmetrical position of the TMJ structures may lead the various clinicalsigns & symptoms. Morphology of the temporomandibular joint may be influenced by gender of patients, environmental factor and also food habits at various places. Objective: To evaluate the morphology of the temporomandibular joint using computed tomography, in order to determine the condyle shape, joint space and glenoid fossa roof thickness. Material and Methods: One hundred and six healthy patients (212 TMJs) who visited a private hospital (or the University’s Hospital) for CT brain scan were included to this cross-sectional study sample.The patients were aged between 20–50 years with an average age of 35.46 years. All the images were taken by positioning patients in supine position with 120kvp , 50ma,2.33minute exposure with 0.7mm thick slicesby computed topography machine in all three projection that is Axial, Coronal and Saggital view. Results: For all variables, the mean and standard deviation were calculated, based on gender, and TMJ sides. The Paired t-test was used and P<0.05 will be considered to be significant. Conclusion: Present study showed that thereis positive evidence of temporomandibular joint involvement in elderly patients. Change in morphology and position of condylar head with glenoid fossa and roof thickness are one of the most common cause of degenerative diseases.KeywordsTemporomandibular joint; Morphology; Condyle; Joint space.KeywordsTemporomandibular joint; Morphology; Condyle; Joint space
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Singh, Bhupender, Nileena R. Kumar, Anita Balan, Mohammed Nishan, P. S. Haris, M. Jinisha, and C. Dimla Denny. "Evaluation of Normal Morphology of Mandibular Condyle: A Radiographic Survey." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 10 (August 17, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_84_2020.
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Objectives: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex, highly specialized joint. Along with the teeth, these joints are considered to be a “tri-joint complex.” Mandibular condyle morphology is characterized by a rounded bone projection with an upper biconvex and oval surface in axial plane. Anatomical knowledge of the TMJ is one of the basic foundations of clinical practice, allowing the understanding of TMJ pathologies and fabrication of condylar prostheses. The cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken to evaluate normal variation in the condylar morphology on radiographs in persons without TMJ symptomatology and its relation to age, gender, dentition status, chewing habits, parafunctional habits, history of orthodontic treatment, and denture wearing was assessed. Material and Methods: A total of 350 subjects without TMJ symptomatology included in the study were further grouped by age, gender, dentition status, chewing habits, parafunctional habits, history of orthodontic treatment, and denture wearing history. Panoramic radiograph was taken for the assessment of condylar morphology. Results: A significant association between dentition status and bilaterally similar condylar morphology was noticed. Bilaterally similar condyles were seen in 81.4% of subjects. Round-shaped condyles were seen in 176 (62%) persons. Loss of bilateral occlusion tends to alter the condylar morphology. Association between normal chewing habits and bilaterally similar condyle shapes was significant. Conclusion: The study describes the normal morphology of mandibular condyles in a population attending the tertiary dental care center, Kozhikode. The dentition status and chewing habits of individuals had a significant role in determining condylar morphology.
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Abid Ali, Dr Fakhri Abid Ali, Dr Yousif Abdul-Raheem Abdul-Raheem, and Dr Mehdi Abdul Hadi Al-Rubayee. "Orthodontic Treatment and Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Position Relationship with Disk Displacement (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study)." Mustansiria Dental Journal 5, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v5i2.525.
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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex synovial articulation between themandibular condyle and the glenoid fossa of temporal bone. The question of whethera relationship exists between orthodontic treatment, abnormal condyle and diskposition, and temporomandibular disorders has been investigated for many years.Despite the abundance of studies, the question continues to trouble orthodontists.This study conducted to assess the relationship between orthodontic treatments,abnormal condyle and disk position, with temporomandibular disorders, and to studythe disk- condyle relationship in term of presence or absence of anterior diskdisplacement. By mean of Magnetic Resonance Imaging a cross sectionalinvestigation for the condyles of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and disk positionwas conducted to 50 TMJs of 25 patients between 19-30 years of age who hadundergone orthodontic treatment (by upper and lower fixed orthodontic applianceswith extraction of maxillary first premolar only for treatment of class II division 1malocclusion), and 50 TMJs of 25 patients who had not yet received orthodontictreatment from the same class and matched age group.The results of this study showed that 30% of pre-treatment group have anteriordisk displacement in comparison to 26.0% of the post treatment group. The condyleposition is more concentric in post treatment group than pre-treatment, and theposition of the disk is not affected by orthodontic treatment. This conclude thatcondyle position of the TMJ may be affected by orthodontic treatment, but the diskposition is not.
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Choi, Byung-Taek, Dae-Young Hwang, Gye-Hyeong Lee, Da-Nal Moon, and Kyung-Min Lee. "Computerized ultrasonic axiographic evaluation of condylar movement in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/110618-792.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate condylar movement during lateral excursion in individuals with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using ultrasonic axiography. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 patients with internal derangement of the TMJ and 34 participants in the control group were examined. Mandibular functional movement was recorded by ultrasonic axiography. Three-dimensional condylar movement was measured in the working and balancing condyles. Results: Significant differences in condylar movement were found between the two groups. In the group with internal derangement of the TMJ, the three-dimensional linear distances of the condylar path in a working condyle were greater than in the control group during lateral excursion. The speed of the balancing condyle in the returning path of lateral excursion was significantly greater in the group with internal derangement than in the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that internal derangement of TMJ may affect the working and balancing condylar movements during lateral excursion.
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Ettlin, D. A., H. Mang, V. Colombo, S. Palla, and L. M. Gallo. "Stereometric Assessment of TMJ Space Variation by Occlusal Splints." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 9 (September 2008): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700903.
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Occlusal splints are used for the management of temporomandibular disorders, although their mechanism of action remains controversial. This study investigated whether insertion of an occlusal splint leads to condyle-fossa distance changes, and to mandibular rotation and/or translation. By combining magnetic resonance images with jaw tracking (dynamic stereometry), we analyzed the intra-articular distances of 20 human temporomandibular joints (TMJs) before and after insertion of occlusal splints of 3 mm thickness in the first molar region. For habitual closure, protrusion, and laterotrusion in the contralateral joint, occlusal splints led to minor—yet statistically significant—increases of global TMJ space and to larger increases at defined condylar areas. Condylar end rotation and translation in habitual closure were reduced. Hence, the insertion of a 3-mm-thick occlusal splint led to a change in the topographical condyle-fossa relationship, and therefore to a new distribution of contact areas between joint surfaces.
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Lin, X., H.-Y. Li, Q.-T. Xie, T. Zhang, X.-P. Huang, and N. Zhou. "Surgical treatment of type III temporomandibular joint ankylosis with a lateral arthroplasty while retaining the medially displaced condyle." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 101, no. 6 (July 2019): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2019.0041.
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Introduction We discuss our findings on the retention of the medially displaced residual condyle during the treatment of type III temporomandibular joint ankylosis, as well as the postoperative results observed during follow-up. Materials and methods Thirty-two patients with type III temporomandibular joint ankylosis that met the inclusion criteria of the study were included as subjects. The morphological integrity of the medially displaced residual condyle was verified in all of the participating patients through the use of cone beam computed tomography. The duration of the ankylosis ranged from 2 to 12 years. The maximum length that patients were able to open their mouths ranged from 6 mm to 14 mm. The surgical treatments used in this report included the separation of bony fusions between the condyle and the glenoid fossa, resection of the ankylosed sites, preservation of the displaced condyles in their medial position and suturing the remains of the disc to its typical position or taking the temporalis myofascial flap instead. The long-term results were evaluated by computed tomography and clinical follow-up examinations. Results Three-year postoperative follow-up examinations were performed for all of the patients included in this study. No recurrences were observed in the patients who adhered to the postoperative therapeutic advice. Patients had an average maximal mouth opening distance of 34.50 ± 5.75 mm as recorded during the final follow-up examination. Conclusions The released medially residual condyle can still function normally in temporomandibular joint movement and without reankylosis after a bone fusion resection. The displaced condyle should thus be preserved instead of being removed during the treatment of type III temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
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Toufeeq, Mohd, Murali Venkata Rama Mohan Kodali, Srikanth Gunturu, Kiran Kumar, and Kavya Surapaneni. "Bilateral Dislocation of Mandibular Condyles following General Anesthesia—An Overlooked Problem: A Case Report." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 02 (May 2019): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693528.
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AbstractDislocation of mandibular condyles can occur following excessive mouth opening or traumatic injury to the temporomandibular joint. It can also occur during general anesthesia that at times may go un-noticed in the modern-day theater setup. Here, we describe a case of bilateral dislocation of mandibular condyle following orotracheal intubation for general anesthesia. Right condyle was dislocated into temporal fossa.
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Kreipke, D. L., D. J. Conces, A. Sondhi, J. C. Lappas, and G. T. Augustyn. "Normal and Abnormal Temporomandibular Joints as Demonstrated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis 27, no. 3 (May 1986): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518602700314.
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was performed on two normal volunteer subjects and two symptomatic subjects using a 0.15 T resistive magnet. A spin echo pulse sequence with a TE of 38 ms and a TR of 500 ms was employed. The TMJ meniscus is a low signal structure, and the bilaminar zone behind it is a relatively high signal structure. In normal closed mouths, the demarcation between meniscus and bilaminar zone is located at the vertex position above the mandibular condyle. When the condyle translates, the posterior portion of the meniscus bulges into the joint space. Dislocated meniscus can be identified by a gray mass anterior to the condylar head. The joint space is filled with the higher signal of the bilaminar zone. In non-reducible dislocations, the meniscus remains anterior to the condylar head with opening of the mouth. Reduced dislocations appear similar to normal joints in the open mouth. References
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Utumi, Estevam Rubens, Irineu Gregnanin Pedron, Andréia Perrella, Camila Eduarda Zambon, Marcelo Minharro Ceccheti, and Marcelo Gusmão Paraíso Cavalcanti. "Osteochondroma of the temporomandibular joint: a case report." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 3 (2010): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000300014.
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Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle has been found in the oral and maxillofacial region rarely. This paper describes a case of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle in a 20-year-old woman, who was referred to our service with facial asymmetry, prognathic deviation of chin, cross-bite to the contralateral side, changes in condylar morphology, limited mouth opening, and malocclusion. Computed tomography (CT) was performed for better evaluation to the pathological conditions on the temporomandibular joint. Based on the clinical examination, patient history, and complementary exams, the hypothesis of osteochondroma was established. Condylectomy was performed using a preauricular approach with total removal of the lesion. After 3 years of postoperative follow up and orthodontic therapy, the patient is symptom-free, and has normal mouth opening with no deviation in the opening pattern.
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Sener, Sevgi, and Faruk Akgunlu. "Correlation between the Condyle Position and Intra-Extraarticular Clinical Findings of Temporomandibular Dysfunction." European Journal of Dentistry 05, no. 03 (July 2011): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698905.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: To investigate the relationship between different clinical findings and condyle position. Methods: Tenderness on masseter (MM), temporal (TM), lateral pyterigoid (LPM), medial pyterigoid (MPM) and posterior cervical (PSM) muscles, limitation, deviation and deflection in opening of mouth, clicking, crepitating, tenderness on lateral palpation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area for each side of 85 patients were evaluated. Each side of patients was categorized into the clinical findings: no sign and/or symptom of temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMDs), only extraarticular findings and only intraarticular findings, extra and intraarticular findings. Condyle positions of 170 TMJs were determined the narrowest anterior (a) and posterior interarticular distance (p) on midsagittal MRIs of condyles and expressed as p/a ratio and these ratio were transformed into logarithmic base e. Spearman’s Correlation was used to investigate the relationship between the condyle position and the clinical findings. The difference between the condyle positions of different groups was tested by T test. Reliability statistic was used to determine intra-observer concordance of two measurements of condylar position. Results: A significant relationship was found between the condyle position and tenderness of PSM. There was no significant difference between the groups in aspect of the condyle position. Occlusion and condyle position correlated with significantly. Conclusions: The inclination of the upper cervical spine and craniocervical angulations can cause the signs and symptoms of TMD and condyle position is not main cause of TMDs alone but it may be effective together with other possible etiological factors synergistically. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:354-360)
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Ortiz Barcia, Roberto Octavio, and Barona Terán Jorge Eduardo. "Temporomandibular Joint analysis in patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction." Journal of America health 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37958/jah.v3i1.24.
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The disk displacement (DD) is a TMJ internal alteration that accompanies temporomandibular disorders, being found in up to 55% of the population. This can be defined as the anomalous relationship of the disc with the bone structures of the TMJ causing a Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD), that is, incoordination between the disc and the condyle. Objective: Establish specific characteristics of Tmj structures as a predisposing factors for Temporomandibular disorders. Materials y Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted in which 45 MRI magnetic resonances were analyzed, meaning 90 joints, which were found in the Imaging Diagnostic Department database of the Omni Hospital. Its analysis was carried out under different methods accordind the structure studied.Results: The most prevalent disk displacement was slight in 48.89%. The greatest inclination of joint eminence occurred in 85.71% of moderate DD in men and in 55.56% of severe DD in women. The posterior condylar position was found in 100% severe DD. Sigmoid type morphology occurred in 52.22%, being more prevalent in severe DD in 66.67%. The folded disk morphology was found in moderate DD and severe DD in 52.38% and 33.33%. Finally, vertical condylar asymmetry occurred in 55,56% of the patients analyzed. Conclusion: It was concluded that certain characteristics are more prevalent than others that could alert us the presence of disk displacement and its severity as the posterior condylar position and the articular eminence morphology.
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Kim, Tae-Hoon, Youn Joong Kim, Yun-Heon Song, Ilho Tae, Ho-Kyung Lim, and Seok-Ki Jung. "Assessment of Morphologic Change of Mandibular Condyle in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis Patients with Stabilization Splint Therapy: A Pilot Study." Healthcare 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101939.
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(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional bony changes of the mandibular condyle in temporomandibular joints-osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) patients treated with stabilization splint (SS) therapy using shape correspondence analysis. (2) Methods: A total of 27 adult patients (2 men and 25 women) with a mean age of 24.6 ± 3.9 years were included in this study. All patients were diagnosed with TMJ-OA and were treated with an SS. Cone-beam computed tomography data of the condylar head before and after SS therapy from 42 condyles (15 bilateral and 12 unilateral TMJ-OA) were used for the analysis. For the performance shape correspondence analysis (SPHARM-PDM), statistical differences were performed using the one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc tests. (3) Results: After SS treatment in TMJ-OA patients, bone resorption of the condyle head surface was predominant in the anterosuperior, superolateral, and superior areas, and bone formation was superior in the lateral, medial, posterosuperior, and posteromedial areas. The change in the condylar volume between the two groups was not statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: After SS treatment in TMJ-OA patients, there was both bone resorption and bone formation on the mandibular condyle head surface, which induced morphological changes in the condyle head.
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Khan, Shahla, and G. S. Hashmi. "TMJ Arthroscopy: A Review Article & Recent Advances." Traumaxilla 1, no. 2-3 (December 2019): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26323273211073791.
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The temporomandibular joint is the joint formed by the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone and the condylar process of the mandible. It is covered by dense fibrocartilage called the capsule. Each mandibular condyle has a wide motion range, consisting of both rotation and translation. Temporomandibular joint arthroscopy is a technique for direct visual inspection of internal joint structures, including biopsy and other surgical procedures performed under visual control with the help of an arthroscope. In this review article, the authors try to address the techniques of arthroscopy and its recent advances.
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Zegbeh N'guessan, Eric Kouassi, Ernest Martial Djémi, Pornan Issa Jules Bérété, Tahib Arnaud Salami, Assi Romaric Evrard Yapo, Biévianda Vincent Illi, and Grébéret Emmanuel Crezoit. "Post-traumatic superolateral temporo-mandibular dislocation with intact condyle: case series and literature review." Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery 28, no. 1 (2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2021053.
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Introduction: Supero-lateral temporomandibular dislocations with intact condyles are very rare, particularly in countries of sub-Saharan Africa where they are poorly documented. Materials and method: This was a retrospective study that included all patients received for superolateral temporomandibular dislocation with intact condyle following a maxillofacial trauma. The period covered by the study was from January 2011 to July 2021. Results: 3 patients were studied. According the classification of temporomandibular superolateral dislocation with intact condyle, the first patient had a Type II A, the second and the third patient, type II B. The manual reduction of the first patient luxation was unstable requiring an osteosynthesis of mandibular symphysis to stabilise the reduction of the temporomandibular dislocation. The second patient manual reduction was unsuccessful requiring an open reduction by preauricular approach. The third left against medical advice. Discussion: The occurrence of temporomandibular superolateral dislocation with intact condyle in an underdeveloped city like Bouaké, is not related to the density of road traffic but to the indiscipline of the many motorcyclists who do not wear helmets. Early reduction of the dislocation, early mobilisation of the joint and mechanotherapy positively influence the postoperative outcome.
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Shoukri, B., J. C. Prieto, A. Ruellas, M. Yatabe, J. Sugai, M. Styner, H. Zhu, et al. "Minimally Invasive Approach for Diagnosing TMJ Osteoarthritis." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 10 (July 24, 2019): 1103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519865187.
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This study’s objectives were to test correlations among groups of biomarkers that are associated with condylar morphology and to apply artificial intelligence to test shape analysis features in a neural network (NN) to stage condylar morphology in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Seventeen TMJOA patients (39.9 ± 11.7 y) experiencing signs and symptoms of the disease for less than 10 y and 17 age- and sex-matched control subjects (39.4 ± 15.2 y) completed a questionnaire, had a temporomandibular joint clinical exam, had blood and saliva samples drawn, and had high-resolution cone beam computed tomography scans taken. Serum and salivary levels of 17 inflammatory biomarkers were quantified using protein microarrays. A NN was trained with 259 other condyles to detect and classify the stage of TMJOA and then compared to repeated clinical experts’ classifications. Levels of the salivary biomarkers MMP-3, VE-cadherin, 6Ckine, and PAI-1 were correlated to each other in TMJOA patients and were significantly correlated with condylar morphological variability on the posterior surface of the condyle. In serum, VE-cadherin and VEGF were correlated with one another and with significant morphological variability on the anterior surface of the condyle, while MMP-3 and CXCL16 presented statistically significant associations with variability on the anterior surface, lateral pole, and superior-posterior surface of the condyle. The range of mouth opening variables were the clinical markers with the most significant associations with morphological variability at the medial and lateral condylar poles. The repeated clinician consensus classification had 97.8% agreement on degree of degeneration within 1 group difference. Predictive analytics of the NN’s staging of TMJOA compared to the repeated clinicians’ consensus revealed 73.5% and 91.2% accuracy. This study demonstrated significant correlations among variations in protein expression levels, clinical symptoms, and condylar surface morphology. The results suggest that 3-dimensional variability in TMJOA condylar morphology can be comprehensively phenotyped by the NN.
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Ren, Yan-Fang, Annika Isberg, and Per-Lennart Westesson. "Condyle position in the temporomandibular joint." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 80, no. 1 (July 1995): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(95)80025-5.
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Manja, Cek Dara, and Daashinta Rajaduray. "Analysis of height and width of mandibular condyle and shape of the articular eminence with and without clicking using TMJ radiography." International Journal of Dentistry Research 4, no. 3 (December 25, 2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/dentistry.2019.4303.
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The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint of the mandibular condyle with the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone and is the only joint in the head that is responsible for opening and closing movements of the jaw. Cliking is the most frequent symptom indicating temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Several radiographic techniques are used to establish the diagnosis in the examination of the temporomandibular joint. This research was carried out using closed mouth TMJ radiography. The purpose of this study was to determine the height and width of the mandibular condyle and the form of eminence with and without clicking using TMJ radiographs. This research is a descriptive analytic study. The results showed that the average height of the mandibular condyle with clicking was 18,796 mm and without clicking was 22,812 mm. The average width of the mandibular condyle with cliking is 11673mm and without cliking is 11,181mm. The average form of articular eminence with clicking is 36.754 ° and without cliking is 41.081 °. The conclusion of the study was that using the Independent t test there were significant differences in the height of the mandibular condyle and the shape of the articular eminence but there was no significant difference in the width of the mandibular condyle with and without clicking using TMJ radiographs.
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Shetty, Ujwala Shivarama, Krishna N. Burde, Venkatesh G. Naikmasur, and Atul P. Sattur. "Assessment of Condylar Changes in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Pain Using Digital Volumetric Tomography." Radiology Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/106059.
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Objective. To evaluate the efficiency of DVT in comparison with OPG in the assessment of bony condylar changes in patients of TMJ pain.Methods. 100 temporomandibular joints of 62 patients with the complaint of temporomandibular joint pain were included in the study. DVT and OPG radiographs were taken for all the 100 joints. Three observers interpreted the DVT and OPG radiograph for the bony changes separately for two times with an interval of one week. The bony changes seen in the condyle were given coding from 0 to 6. (0: Normal, 1: Erosion, 2: Flattening, 3: Osteophyte, 4: Sclerosis, 5: Resorption, and 6: other changes). Interobserver and intraobserver variability was assessed with one-way ANOVA statistics.Ztest was used to see the significant difference between OPG and DVT.Results. In the present study the interexaminer reliability for OPG and DVT was 0.903 and 0.978, respectively. Intraexaminer reliability for OPG and DVT was 0.908 and 0.980, respectively. The most common condylar bony change seen in OPG and DVT was erosion followed by flattening and osteophyte. There was significant difference between OPG and DVT in detecting erosion and osteophytes. The other changes observed in our study were Ely’s cyst, pointed condyle, and bifid condyle. All the bony changes are more commonly seen in females than males.Conclusion. DVT provides more valid and accurate information on condylar bony changes. The DVT has an added advantage of lesser radiation exposure to the patient and cost effectiveness and could be easily accessible in a dental hospital.
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Sales, Marcelo Augusto Oliveira, Jefferson Xavier Oliveira, and Marcelo Gusmão Paraíso Cavalcanti. "Computed tomography imaging findings of simultaneous bifid mandibular condyle and temporomandibular joint ankylosis: case report." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 1 (2007): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000100016.
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Bifid mandibular condyle is an uncommon entity described in the literature as having a controversial etiology. Despite the absence of clinical symptomatology, the radiologist must be aware and should have some knowledge of this abnormality, as well its implications regarding functional and morphological changes. TMJ ankylosis is a disabling disease with involvement of the mandibular condyle, articular fossa and base of the skull. The association of bifid condyle with temporomandibular joint ankylosis is rare and must be carefully evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of simultaneous bifid mandibular condyle and temporomandibular joint ankylosis and to describe its computed tomography imaging findings.
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Almășan, Oana, Daniel-Corneliu Leucuța, Cristian Dinu, Smaranda Buduru, Mihaela Băciuț, and Mihaela Hedeșiu. "Petrotympanic Fissure Architecture and Malleus Location in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders." Tomography 8, no. 5 (September 29, 2022): 2460–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography8050204.
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The aim of this research was to assess possible relationships between petrotympanic fissure (PTF) characteristics, malleus position, and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). A retrospective study was performed, including patients with TMD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination were used to evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc position and condylar bone changes. Fifty-eight TMJs from twenty-nine patients (23:6 females: males) were assessed. Erosive changes (DDR-disc displacement with a reduction of 6 (24%), DDwR-disc displacement without a reduction of 8 (61.5%) vs. normal disc position 3 (15%), p = 0.012) and condyle osteophytes production (DDR 6 (24%), DDwR 9 (69.2%) vs. normal condyle 7 (35%), p = 0.012) were more frequent in subjects with disc displacement compared to normal disc position; malleus was closer to PTF in cases with erosive changes (median 2.15 interquartile range: (1.85–2.75) vs. 2.75 (2.25–3.15), p = 0.029) as well as those with condylar osteophytosis (2.25 (1.91–2.75) vs. 2.75 (2.33–3.32), p = 0.015); the PTF length was higher in cases with condylar osteophytosis compared to those without (4.45 (3.50–4.77) vs. 3.67 (3.34–4.28), p = 0.039). The disc position and disc shape were not related to PTF or malleus position. Malleus position and PTF dimensions were not associated with the PTF type. In cases with erosive changes and condylar osteophytosis, malleus was closer to PTF.
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Caruso, Silvia, Ennio Storti, Alessandro Nota, Shideh Ehsani, and Roberto Gatto. "Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy Assessed by CBCT Images." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2916953.
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Aim. Since cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been used for the study of craniofacial morphology, the attention of orthodontists has also focused on the mandibular condyle. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize the recent 3D CBCT images of mandibular condyle. Material and Methods. The eligibility criteria for the studies are (a) studies aimed at evaluating the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint; (b) studies performed with CBCT images; (c) studies on human subjects; (d) studies that were not clinical case-reports and clinical series; (e) studies reporting data on children, adolescents, or young adults (data from individuals with age ≤ 30 years). Sources included PubMed from June 2008 to June 2016. Results. 43 full-text articles were initially screened for eligibility. 13 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. 11 articles were finally included in qualitative synthesis. The main topics treated in the studies are the volume and surface of the mandibular condyle, the bone changes on cortical surface, the facial asymmetry, and the optimum position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa. Conclusion. Additional studies will be necessary in the future, constructed with longitudinal methodology, especially in growing subjects. The limits of CBCT acquisitions are also highlighted.
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Kitai, Noriyuki, Shumei Murakami, Mariko Takashima, Souhei Furukawa, Sven Kreiborg, and Kenji Takada. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint in Patients with Hemifacial Microsomia." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 41, no. 2 (March 2004): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/02-108.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to elucidate positional relationships between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) components, including the articular discs, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Subjects and Methods Twenty TMJs in 10 patients with HFM were examined at closed- and open-mouth positions using an MRI scanner. The condyle-fossa and disc-condyle relationships, disc configuration at the closed-mouth position, and the reduction of the disc at the open-mouth position were evaluated. Results On the unaffected side, the condyle-fossa and disc-condyle relationships appeared fairly normal at the closed mouth position. The disc-condyle relationship at the open-mouth position was also normal. The TMJ disc showed normal biconcave configurations at both closed- and open-mouth positions. On the affected side, there was considerable variation in the state of the TMJ. At the closed-mouth position, 5 of the 10 patients revealed fairly normal disc-condyle relationships, one patient showed anterior displacement of the disc, and four patients had no disc. Two patients appeared biconcave, three patients appeared biplanar, and one patient was hemiconvex. At the open-mouth position, the condyle and disc moved in harmony in five patients with normal disc-condyle relationships, but the disc was reduced in a patients with anterior disc displacement. The degree of the TMJ disc dysplasia did not necessarily correspond with the degree of mandibular dysplasia. Conclusion The present study contributes to an improved understanding of TMJ pathology in patients with HFM. The results suggest that, in HFM patients, the examination of the TMJ using MRI is helpful for determining treatment procedures in mandibular distraction osteogenesis.
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Poluha, Rodrigo Lorenzi, Bruno D'Aurea Furquim, Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita, and Rafael Santos Silva. "Comparison of condylar translation in hyperdivergent and hypodivergent patients: a pilot study." Journal of Research in Dentistry 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v2e1201458-68.
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Introduction: The present pilot study aims to compare the condylar translation between patients with hyperdivergent and hypodivergent facial pattern. Methods: after analysis of photographs and cephalometric data, sample obtained was divided into two groups: hyperdivergent (n = 12) and hypodivergent (n = 12). For evaluation of condylar translation, temporomandibular joint planigraphys with maximum mouth opening and maximum intercuspal were performed. Subsequently, the tracing of maximum mouth opening in the articulation of each planigraphy was carried out. Metric values were obtained from the measurement of the distance between the point in the lower region of the articular eminence and the point in the most anterior superior mandibular condyle. Results: no statistically significant differences were found between the groups compared. However, the values obtained for horizontal translation performed by the right mandibular condyle were 6.00 mm for the hyperdivergent group, and 3.25 mm in the hypodivergent group. For condyle on the opposite side the horizontal translation averages were 5.66 mm for the hyperdivergent group, and of 4.50 mm for the hypodivergent group. Conclusions: the divergence between the means suggests that hyperdivergent patients show higher condylar translation in both condyles when compared with hypodivergent patients. Further studies should be conducted aiming to elucidate the relationship among facial pattern, cortical thickness condylar and condylar translation.
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Elias, Fernando Melhem, Esther Goldenberg Birman, Cleide Kioco Matsuda, Ilka Regina de Souza Oliveira, and Waldyr Antonio Jorge. "Ultrasonographic findings in normal temporomandibular joints." Brazilian Oral Research 20, no. 1 (March 2006): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242006000100006.
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The purpose of this study was to determine some ultrasonographic standards of temporomandibular joints with normally positioned discs. Nineteen patients from 18 to 45 years old (average age: 27.4 years; 16 females and 3 males), with history of orofacial pain, but without clinical or radiological signs of disc displacement, underwent ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the examination of their joints. In 30 joints, the distance between the most lateral point of the articular capsule and the most lateral point of the mandibular condyle (lateral capsule-condyle distance) was measured, as well as the distance between the most anterior point of the articular capsule and the most anterior point of the mandibular condyle (anterior capsule-condyle distance). In the closed-mouth position, the average values found for the lateral capsule-condyle distance were 1.4 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively in the longitudinal (coronal) and transverse (axial) scans. In the open-mouth position, the average distance was 1.2 mm, in both longitudinal (coronal) and transverse (axial) scans. The average values found for the anterior capsule-condyle distance were 2.3 mm in the closed-mouth position and 1.1 mm in the open-mouth position, both in transverse (axial) scans. Intra-examiner agreement, measured in terms of the intraclass correlation coefficient, varied from 0.83 to 0.93. We believe that this study can contribute to the validation of US as a diagnostic method for temporomandibular joint disorders, provided that the obtained measurements be used in future studies as normal reference values.
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Sayad, Zahra, Bouchra Dani, Olaya Hamidi, Salma Benazzou, and Malik Boulaadas. "Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in A Child: Uncommon Etiology “Buckley’s Syndrome”." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i06.046.
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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is characterized by bone and/or fibrous union between the condyle and the glenoid fossa, restricting joint movements. The etiology of ankylosis may be related to infectious processes. We present the case of the bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis in Buckley's syndrome. It is suggested to be ankylosis secondary to recurrent arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. The treatment was surgical include arthroplasty of the joint cavity, coronoidectomy and reconstruction with autogenous costochondral rib graft.
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Marks, L., S. Teng, J. Årtun, and S. Herring. "Reaction Strains on the Condylar Neck During Mastication and Maximum Muscle Stimulation in Different Condylar Positions: An Experimental Study in the Miniature Pig." Journal of Dental Research 76, no. 7 (July 1997): 1412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345970760071201.
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Most researchers agree that the primate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is loaded compressively during function and that condylar position must play a role in mediating such loads. However, the precise nature of that role remains unclear. Using a pig model in this study, we attempted to analyze strain on the neck of the condyle during normal mastication and during simulated function in different condylar positions. Miniature three-element rosette strain gauges were bonded to the lateral surface of the condylar neck in 4 female miniature pigs (one per condyle). Measurements of strain were made during normal mastication and with the pigs under general anesthesia during maximum stimulation of the masseter and temporalis muscles in each of five condylar positions-centric occlusion, centric relation, anterior, relaxed and wide open-established through use of acrylic splints. Condylar position was evaluated by superimposition of lateral and dorsoventral cephalograms, with measurement of horizontal and vertical changes in location of implants placed on the neck of the condyle relative to implants placed on the zygomatic arch. As in primates, the TMJ was found to be load-bearing during mastication, with compressive strain oriented approximately perpendicular to the occlusal plane. In 3 pigs, strain was higher during balancing than during working function. During stimulation, the TMJ reaction strains were significantly lower with the condyles in the anterior position compared with the other positions, and the compressive strain was directed more anteriorly along the neck of the condyle in that position.
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Manivasagam, Deepigaa, and Arvind Muthukrishnan. "Condylar Changes in Patients after Orthodontic Treatment - A Retrospective Panoramic Study from Chennai, India." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 42 (October 18, 2021): 3628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/736.
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BACKGROUND Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is a progressive, extensive loss of condylar resorption with or without temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms. Orthodontic treatment causes abnormal joint loading, thus sustained physical stress to the articular surface of TMJ when exceeds adaptive capacity leads to dysfunctional remodelling of the mandible. Condylar changes were not assessed both during pre and post orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the condylar changes following orthodontic treatment using orthopantomogram (OPG). METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in a university dental hospital setting covering patients visiting for orthodontic treatment from October 2020 to February 2021. Analysis of pre-operative and post-operative OPG’s of patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment was done. Morphologic changes of condyle were recorded using idiopathic condylar resorption subgroups classification. The statistical software used for analysis was IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23) and a paired t test was used to assess the pre-operative and postoperative condylar changes. RESULTS 50 condyles of 25 patients (right and left side) ranging from 11 - 40 years of age were evaluated pre and post orthodontic treatment. Female predilection (60 %) with phenotype 1 (44 % - right; 44 % - left) being more common and left condyle most commonly affected. The mean and S.D. of the right side were - 680 and 0.748 respectively (P value 0.000) and left side values were - 800 and 1.118 respectively which was also statistically significant (P value 0.002). CONCLUSIONS ICR is the result of many predisposing and contributory factors and an accurate and timely diagnosis of this pathology is essential in dental practice. The available literature confirms the presence of condylar changes after orthodontic therapy, however more evidence-based high-quality clinical trials with detailed design and long-term follow-up periods need to be conducted yet in order to gain more insight and knowledge on the onset and progression of this pathology. KEY WORDS Idiopathic Condylar Resorption (ICR), Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), Orthodontic Treatment
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Torres, Darlyane, Jéssica Lopes, Marcela Baraúna Magno, Lucianne Cople Maia, David Normando, and Patrícia Botelho Leão. "Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on temporomandibular joints:." Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/080619-517.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the impact of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the condylar position, disc joint, joint space, and interarticular relationship in growing patients. Materials and Methods A systematic search was performed in nine databases. The clinical studies selected included those with pre- and post-magnetic resonance, conventional computed tomography or cone beam tomography in growing patients. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for controlled clinical studies and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Quality Assessment for Before-After Studies With No Control Group. Results Initially, 4303 records were identified. Only eight studies fulfilled the criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Of those, two were controlled clinical studies with a risk of uncertain to high bias. The remaining papers had a low to moderate risk of bias. Results showed that RME in children and adolescents promoted the following: remodeling in the head and or condylar branch, changes in condylar position and joint space, maintenance of improved symmetry between the condyles, and no ability to modify the position or shape of the articular disc. Conclusions RME in growing patients is able, in the short term, to modify the condyle-fossa relationship but does not change the position or shape of the articular disc. The intercondylar symmetric relationship is maintained or improved. Although the NHLBI score shows low to moderate risk of bias, the clinical relevance of these review findings is limited by Cochrane and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation scores.
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Andini, Dhani Ayu, Maria Purbiati, Nia Ayu Ismaniati Suria, and Ira Tanti. "Posisi kondilus setelah perawatan ortodontik pada maloklusi kelas II divisi 1 dengan pencabutan premolarCondylar position after orthodontic treatment in class II division 1 malocclusion with premolar extraction." Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran 33, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v33i1.30643.
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Pendahuluan: Maloklusi kelas II divisi 1 dilaporkan seringkali memicu terjadinya gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Posisi kondilus mengalami perubahan pada akhir perawatan ortodontik dengan pencabutan premolar pada maloklusi kelas II divisi 1. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis posisi kondilus pada akhir perawatan ortodontik supaya dapat memberikan pelayanan yang efektif dan komprehensif kepada pasien. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain kohort dilakukan pada Klinik Spesialis RSKGM FKG UI dari Maret sampai Mei 2019. Subjek sebanyak 30 orang mengalami maloklusi kelas II divisi 1 yang memiliki gejala gangguan temporomandibular yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah sampling konsekutif. Foto transkranial dibandingkan dan diukur ruang sendinya bagian anterior, posterior dan superior dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Mc Nemar. Hasil: Sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodontik, posisi kondilus kanan dan kiri tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan (p>0,05). Sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodontik, AJS (Anterior Joint Space), PJS (Posterior Joint Space), SS (Superior Space) kanan dan kiri tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan (p>0,05). Gejala gangguan sendi temporomandibula pada akhir perawatan ortodontik adalah kliking dan krepitasi dilaporkan masih ada sedangkan gejala tidak nyaman dan keterbatasan membuka mulut dilaporkan sudah hilang. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan posisi kondilus kanan dan kiri, sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodontik dengan pencabutan premolar pada maloklusi kelas II divisi 1. Keluhan gangguan sendi temporomandibular tidak ditemukan lagi pada akhir perawatan ortodontik.Kata kunci: Posisi kondilus, perawatan ortodontik, maloklusi kelas II divisi 1, pencabutan premolar. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Class II division 1 malocclusion is reported to trigger temporomandibular joint disorders often. The position of the condyles changed at the end of orthodontic treatment with premolar removal in class II division 1 malocclusion. This study aimed to analyse the position of the condyles at the end of orthodontic treatment to provide effective and comprehensive services to patients. Methods: This type of descriptive observational study with a cohort design was conducted at the Specialist Clinic of University of Indonesia Dental Hospital from March to May 2019. Thirty subjects experienced class II division 1 malocclusion who had temporomandibular disorders that met the inclusion criteria. The sampling method used was consecutive sampling. Transcranial radiographs were compared, and anterior, posterior and superior joint spaces were measured and analysed using the McNemar test. Results: Before and after orthodontic treatment, the position of the right and left condyles did not change significantly (p>0.05). Before and after orthodontic treatment, AJS (Anterior Joint Space), PJS (Posterior Joint Space), SS (Superior Space) right and left did not change significantly (p>0.05). Symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder at the end of orthodontic treatment were clicking, and crepitus was reported to be present, while the symptoms of discomfort and limited opening of the mouth were reported to have disappeared. Conclusion: There is no difference in the position of the right and left condyles before and after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction in class II division 1 malocclusion. Complaints of temporomandibular joint disorders were not found again at the end of orthodontic treatment. Keywords: Condyle position, orthodontic treatment, class II division 1 malocclusion, premolar extraction.
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Suhas, S., Sharad Ramdas, P. P. Lingam, H. R. Naveen Kumar, Aashish Sasidharan, and R. Aadithya. "Assessment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in condylar fracture of the mandible using the Helkimo index." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 50, no. 02 (May 2017): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijps.ijps_125_16.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Condylar fractures of the mandible are functionally important fractures as the condyle of the mandible being a part of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and can lead to TMJ dysfunction if not properly treated. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a total of 33 treated patients with fracture of the mandibular condyle who underwent examination as per the Helkimo index. Their dysfunction was quantified and clinicoepidemiological characteristics were assessed. It was found that majority of our patients were young males involved in a two-wheeler accident. All patients underwent intermaxillary fixation as the minimum treatment and 30% underwent open reduction and internal fixation in addition. Results: There was no statistically significant association between the degree of clinical dysfunction and factors such as age, mechanism of injury, type of condyle fracture, presence of other mandible fractures, and surgical procedure. However, dislocation of the mandibular condyle was found to be a negative prognostic factor and all these patients had some degree of dysfunction. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of TMJ dysfunction according to the Helkimo index was 90%. About 61% of patients had mild dysfunction (Di1) and 30% had moderate dysfunction (Di2). None of the patients had severe dysfunction. To conclude, the Helkimo index is a simple, effective, inexpensive, reliable screening index to assess TMJ dysfunction in condylar fractures of mandible.
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Jeon, Kug Jin, Chena Lee, Yoon Joo Choi, and Sang-Sun Han. "Assessment of bone marrow fat fractions in the mandibular condyle head using the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): e0246596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246596.
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The prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is gradually increasing, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming increasingly common as a modality used to diagnose TMD. Edema and osteonecrosis in the bone marrow of the mandibular condyle have been considered to be precursors of osteoarthritis, but these changes are not evaluated accurately and quantitatively on routine MRI. The iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method, as a cutting-edge MRI technique, can separate fat and water using three asymmetric echo times and the three-point Dixon method. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quantitative fat fraction (FF) in the mandibular condyle head using the IDEAL-IQ method. Seventy-nine people who underwent MRI using IDEAL-IQ were investigated and divided into 1) the control group, without TMD symptoms, and 2) the TMD group, with unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. In both groups, the FF of the condyle head in the TMJ was analyzed by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. In the TMD group, 29 people underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the presence or absence of bony changes in the condylar head was evaluated. The FF measurements of the condyle head using IDEAL-IQ showed excellent inter-observer and intra-observer agreement. The average FF of the TMD group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). In the TMD group, the average FF values of joints with pain and joints with bony changes were significantly lower than those of joints without pain or bony changes, respectively (p < 0.05). The FF using IDEAL-IQ in the TMJ can be helpful for the quantitative diagnosis of TMD.
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Pereira, Luciano José, and Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião. "Tomographic evaluation of TMJ in adolescents with temporomandibular disorders." Brazilian Oral Research 18, no. 3 (September 2004): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242004000300006.
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This study evaluated the TMJ images of normal subjects and of those who presented TMD (temporomandibular disorders) using linear tomography at rest position. Craniomandibular Index (CMI) and a questionnaire on subjective symptoms were used to assess 217 subjects aged 12 to 18 years. Those with the highest and the lowest scores were divided into Control (n = 20) and TMD groups (n = 20), respectively. Corrected tomography was used to measure the narrowest anterior, superior and posterior joint spaces, to determine the condyle position in all 40 subjects. The distance means did not correlate with CMI scores (p > 0.05). The number of posteriorly positioned condyles was significantly higher in TMD patients (p = 0.05), especially in females. It was concluded that condyle position in linear tomography at rest position cannot yield TMD diagnosis.
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Kau, Chung H., Omar Almakky, and Patrick J. Louis. "Team approach in the management of revision surgery to correct bilateral temporomandibular joint replacements." Journal of Orthodontics 47, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312520908276.
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This case report describes the successful second surgical treatment of a 26-year-old white female patient with a retrognathic mandible and previous bilateral total joint prostheses placement. The patient had previously presented with bilateral idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) which caused clockwise mandibular rotation and resulted in anterior open bite and a retrognathic mandible. The patient had undergone definitive corrective for the ICR where condylectomies were performed bilaterally. In addition, total joint prostheses using ‘stock joints’ were used to restore the condyle and glenoid fossa on both sides. Although the previous surgery corrected the anterior open bite and restored the condyles, the patient was still suffering from joint symptoms (significant pain), restricted mandibular movements, increased overjet (12 mm) and a retrognathic mandible. The treatment plan included a combined orthodontic surgical approach: (1) bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a surgical procedure on the mandible to reposition the prosthetic joints and correct the mandible position, and a segmental LeFort I to expand the maxilla; and (2) post-surgical orthodontics treatment to detail the occlusion. At the end of the treatment, good aesthetic and functional results were obtained with the cooperation of two specialties. This case emphasises the importance of three-dimensional planning and multidisciplinary treatment when addressing complex jaw movements. It also emphasises the importance orthodontic planning and collaboration with the orthodontist.
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Araujo, Juliane Piragine, Marcelo Eduardo Pereira Dutra, and Karina Cecilia Panelli Santos. "Association between disc displacement without reduction and temporomandibular joint derangement observed on magnetic resonance imaging." Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2357-8041.clrd.2015.127551.
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This study aimed to assess possible associations between the following factors: articular disc anatomy and position; articular eminence and condyle morphology; presence of joint effusion; condyle mobility; and lateral pterygoid muscle insertion pattern. Magnetic resonance images of 33 joints of symptomatic patients were assessed. The articular disc was classified as normal, elongated, or folded; displacement was classified as normal, lateral, or medial; the condyle was classified as rounded, convex, flattened, or angulated; the articular eminence was classified as box, sigmoid, flattened, or deformed; condyle mobility was classified as normal, hypomobile, or hypermobile; and the lateral pterygoid muscle insertion pattern was classified as Type I, Type II, or Type III. The most frequent forms of articular disc, articular eminence, and condyle were folded, flattened, and flattened, respectively. There can be a relationship connecting TMJ mobility with a normal disc form (100%); TMJ hypomobility with a folded disc form (48%); and TMJ hypermobility with an elongated disc form (100%). Magnetic resonance imaging allowed the clear observation of articular structures, and no association was found between insertion pattern and sideways disc position, disc form, and condyle form. All cases with joint effusion were related to hypomobility (100%).
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Sakya, Pranay Ratna, Rinky Nyachhyon, Amita Pradhan, Ratina Tamrakar, and Sudeep Acharya. "MORPHOLOGY OF CONDYLE- A RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.636.
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Background: Mandibular condyle has a variety of morphology. The changes in their shape and size has been attributed to ageing process, developmental abnormalities, distinct diseases, trauma, endocrine shock, radio therapy etc. Panoramic radiographs remain the easiest, safest and most cost-effective screening modality for temporomandibular joint abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the different shapes of condyles using orthopantomograms from the archives of the hospital data. The variations among the sexes and between the right and left sides of an individual were also determined. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at People’s Dental College and Hospital within the time period of 1 year (November 2019- November 2020). Orthopantomogram of patients falling within the inclusion criteria were studied. The different shapes of condylar process were traced using marker pencil for both right and left sides. Data collected was entered in Microsoft Office Excel sheet 2013-- and calculated in SPSS version 24 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of the 874 mandibular condyles of 437 patients, the most common was the oval shaped in both the right (275) and the left sides (277), followed by bird beak, diamond, flat and crooked finger respectively. The oval shaped condyle appeared to be predominant in both sexes. The flat shaped and diamond shaped condyle appeared to be a rarity. Conclusions: The most common shape of condyle was found to be oval shape bilaterally and in both genders. Least observed shapes of condyle were flat shape in female patients and diamond shape in male patients.
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Kaur, Amandeep, Amanpreet S. Natt, Simranjeet K. Mehra, Karan Maheshwari, and Amanjot Kaur. "Improved Visualization and Assessment of Condylar Position in the Glenoid Fossa for Different Occlusions: A CBCT Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 8 (2016): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1912.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa plays an important role in the stability of occlusion after orthodontic treatment. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides an optimal imaging of the osseous components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and give a full size truly threedimensional (3D) description in real anatomical size. The present study aimed to visualize and compare the position of condyle in the glenoid fossa for different occlusions by using CBCT. Materials and methods Cone beam computed tomographic images of 45 subjects, aged 18 to 42 years, were evaluated. Subjects were equally divided into three groups according to the A point, nasion, B point (ANB) angle. Results In the sagittal plane, condyle is positioned nonconcentrically; positioned anteriosuperiorly in class I and III occlusions and lies posteriosuperiorly in class II occlusion. In the frontal plane, condyle is positioned centrally (mediolaterally) in all the three types of occlusions. In the axial plane, the parameters showed significant difference between the different occlusions. No statistical significant distinction could be made in the position of the condyle when comparing the right and left joints. Conclusion The position of condyle in glenoid fossa influences sagittal, transverse, and vertical relationships of the jaws which eventually contribute to development of various malocclusions. Nonconcentricity is the feature of the condyle in the sagittal plane in different malocclusions. Clinical significance An important consideration in orthodontic treatment is the recognition of the importance that the dentition should be in harmony with the related musculoskeletal structures. Therefore, the condylar position is an important concern in maintaining or restoring temporomandibular harmony with the dentition and the position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa plays an important role in the stability of occlusion after orthodontic treatment. How to cite this article Kaur A, Natt AS, Mehra SK, Maheshwari K, Singh G, Kaur A. Improved Visualization and Assessment of Condylar Position in the Glenoid Fossa for Different Occlusions: A CBCT Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):679-686.
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Nor Masitah Mohamed Shukri, Santhosh Kumar M P, and Arthi Balasubramaniam. "Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Dental Patients in A Private Institution." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (October 10, 2020): 1309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3383.
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Temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the bilateral synovial articulation between temporal bone and lower jaw, seen on each side of the jaws. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) can be defined as the tenderness of the jaws and dysfunction of the associated muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joints, which connect the mandible to the skull. The exact cause of TMD still remains mysterious and unclear. However, the possible attributes of TMD are arthritis, trauma or blow to the TMJ, excessive gum chewing and bruxism. Patients are usually treated with ice packs, gentle massage at the jaw area and prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This study sought to evaluate the incidence rate, age and gender differences of TMD among patients reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospital. The following parameters were evaluated based on the dental records; age, gender and types of TMD. Excel tabulation and SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders was higher in female patients (51.9%) than male patients (48.1%). The most frequent age group affected by temporomandibular disorders was 31-40 years (36.7%). Disc-condyle disorder (75.9%) is the most frequent sub-type of temporomandibular disorders present in the patients. There was no statistically significant correlation between age and TMD (p=0.847); and gender and TMD (p=0.365). It can be concluded that within the limits of study, TMD was present in adulthood and was more common in women, with disc-condyle disorder being the most prevalent type.
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Alhadlaq, A., and J. J. Mao. "Tissue-engineered Neogenesis of Human-shaped Mandibular Condyle from Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 12 (December 2003): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308201203.
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The temporomandibular joint is susceptible to diseases and trauma that may ultimately lead to structural degeneration. Current approaches for replacing degenerated mandibular condyles suffer from deficiencies such as donor site morbidity, immunorejection, implant wear and tear, and pathogen transmission. The hypothesis of this study was that a human-shaped mandibular condyle can be tissue-engineered from rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulated in a biocompatible polymer. Rat bone marrow MSCs were isolated and induced to differentiate into chondrogenic and osteogenic cells in vitro, and encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel in two stratified layers molded into the shape of a cadaver human mandibular condyle. Eight weeks following in vivo implantation of the bilayered osteochondral constructs in the dorsum of immunodeficient mice, mandibular condyles formed de novo. Microscopic evaluation of the tissue-engineered mandibular condyle demonstrated two stratified layers of histogenesis of cartilaginous and osseous phenotypes. The current approach is being refined for ultimate therapeutic applications.
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Lee, K. S., H. J. Kwak, J. M. Oh, N. Jha, Y. J. Kim, W. Kim, U. B. Baik, and J. J. Ryu. "Automated Detection of TMJ Osteoarthritis Based on Artificial Intelligence." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 12 (July 1, 2020): 1363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520936950.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a diagnostic tool to automatically detect temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with artificial intelligence. CBCT images of patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorder were included for image preparation. Single-shot detection, an object detection model, was trained with 3,514 sagittal CBCT images of the temporomandibular joint that showed signs of osseous changes in the mandibular condyle. The region of interest (condylar head) was defined and classified into 2 categories—indeterminate for TMJOA and TMJOA—according to image analysis criteria for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder. The model was tested with 2 sets of 300 images in total. The average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score over the 2 test sets were 0.86, 0.85, 0.84, and 0.84, respectively. Automated detection of TMJOA from sagittal CBCT images is possible by using a deep neural networks model. It may be used to support clinicians with diagnosis and decision making for treatments of TMJOA.
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Sharma, Geetanjali, Mohammad Shorafa, and Gurdeep Hans. "Management of progressive facial asymmetry owing to a rare temporomandibular joint tumour: A case report." Journal of Orthodontics 47, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312520908272.
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Osteochondroma of the condyle is a rare, slow-growing, benign tumour of the temporomandibular joint that can result in facial asymmetry, limited mouth opening, temporomandibular joint dysfunction and malocclusion. The large majority of osteochondromas occur at the distal metaphysis of the femur and the proximal metaphysis of the tibia, whereas only 0.6% of osteochondromas have been reported as occurring in the craniofacial region. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of a 56-year-old fit and well male patient who presented to the Orthodontic Department at Wexham Park Hospital with a four-year history of progressive facial asymmetry and functional concerns, owing to a rare osteochondroma of the condyle.
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Könönen, M. "Radiographic Changes in the Condyle of the Temporomandibular Joint in Psoriatic Arthritis." Acta Radiologica 28, no. 2 (March 1987): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518702800211.
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One hundred and ten patients with psoriatic arthritis (PA) and 100 matched control patients were examined by using ***orthopan-tomography to discover radiographic changes in the condyle of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Thirty-one per cent of the PA patients and 13 per cent of the control patients had radiographic changes in the condyle of the TMJ. The most common radiographic finding in PA patients was unilateral erosion of the condyle. Of the radiographic changes in the PA group, cortical erosions correlated negatively with age, whereas osteophytes correlated positively with the duration of PA.
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Shirakura, Maya, Vardit Kram, Jennifer Robinson, Sheena Sikka, Tina M. Kilts, Sunil Wadhwa, and Marian F. Young. "Extracellular Matrix Mediates BMP-2 in a Model of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis." Cells Tissues Organs 204, no. 2 (2017): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000464102.
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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease that affects both cartilage and subchondral bone. It is accompanied by loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) and may be controlled by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). We analyzed the effect of BMP-2 in both cartilage and subchondral bone in a TMJ-OA animal model that is deficient in biglycan (Bgn) and fibromodulin (Fmod) (Bgn-/-Fmod-/-). Whole mandibles were dissected from 3-week-old wild-type (WT) and Bgn-/-Fmod-/- mice and incubated with and without 250 µg/mL BMP-2 for 2 days using an explant culture system. Condyle growth was measured by microCT and the expression levels of cartilage and bone-related genes were analyzed using RT-PCR or by immunohistochemistry from condyles that contained an intact cartilage/subchondral bone interface. Osteoclast activity was estimated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and by TRAP, Rankl, and Adamts4 mRNA expression levels. Our results showed that most parameters examined were slightly up-regulated in WT samples treated with BMP-2, and this up-regulation was significantly enhanced in the Bgn-/-Fmod-/- mice. The up-regulation of both catabolic and anabolic agents did not appear to positively affect the overall growth of Bgn-/-Fmod-/- condyles compared to WT controls. In summary, the up-regulation of both anabolic and catabolic genes in the WT and Bgn-/-Fmod-/- TMJs treated with BMP-2 suggests that BMP increases matrix turnover in the condyle, and, further, that Bgn and Fmod could have protective roles in regulating this process.
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Silveira, Roger Lanes, Ivan Ranuzia, Marcelo Fernandes S. Melo, RogerioAraujo de Oliveira, Antonio Alburquerque de Brito, and Victor Laviola Vidigal. "Traumatic Anterosuperior Dislocation of the Intact Mandibular Condyle into the Temporal Fossa." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 11, no. 4 (December 2018): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607067.
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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation, or luxation, occurs when the condyle crosses the articular eminence in such a way that it does not return to its correct anatomical position, unless aided by a reduction in external forces for TMJ. The diagnosis of condylar luxation is clinical; however, image exams are important in classifying the types of condylar luxation and associated fractures. Displacement of the TMJ can occur due to either an exaggerated mouth opening or a forced opening and occasionally is associated with a high-impact trauma to the jaw, the latter being an extremely rare condition. Few cases of anterosuperior dislocation of the intact mandibular condyles into the temporal fossa (ADIMC) have been documented in medical literature, many of which are associated with craniofacial trauma. This study describes the case of an ADIMC of the left side combined with facial fractures, as well as the treatment performed. A review of cases found in the literature from 1969 to 2017 was conducted through a detailed bibliographical study.
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Sharma, Aditi, Vinaya Pai, Manjunath Hegde, and Shreyas Rajaram. "Three-dimensional evaluation of condylar position in skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions along with vertical facial morphology." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 12 (November 29, 2022): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/apos_124_2022.
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Objectives: This study aimed to three-dimensionally evaluate and compare anatomic condylar position to glenoid fossa in skeletal Classes I and II malocclusions along with vertical facial morphology (VFM). Material and Methods: Full skull 50 cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) were taken with teeth in maximum intercuspation of patients aged 18–45 years who were grouped as skeletal Classes I and II, 25 each based on ANB angle and the patient’s right condyle was analyzed on CareStream-3D viewing software. The VFM was categorized based on the Jarabak ratio. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney and Chi-square test. Results: In skeletal Class II when compared to Class I, the condyle in the glenoid fossa was anteriorly positioned with reduced anterior (P = 0.006) and increased posterior (P = 0.04) distance showing eccentric position. The condyle was also positioned lower suggesting an increased distance in the upper joint space (P = 0.04). The reduced height of the articular eminence indicated the condylar path and its position. The angle of articular eminence (P = 0.44) was decreased. Statistically, significant difference was not found between the various vertical facial morphologies. Conclusion: CBCT provides precise diagnostic values of joint spaces in skeletal Classes I and II to differentiate ideal condylar position from non-ideal according to different skeletal patterns, VFM, and also to notice minor discrepancies in joint spaces quantitatively. Depending on increased or decreased distances in the joint spaces, one can identify any temporomandibular joint-related discrepancies.