Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Temporary migrants'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Temporary migrants.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 43 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Temporary migrants.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Corsellis, Thomas. "The selection of sites for temporary settlements for forced migrants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621216.
Full text
2
Waite, Catherine. "Professional cricket migrants 'going Down Under' : temporary, skilled, international migration?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18483.
Full textAbstract:
The significance of flows of temporary, skilled labour migrants under conditions of globalization is widely acknowledged. Using a case study of elite cricket professionals moving from the UK to Australia for a maximum duration of 6 months, out and return migration flows and processes are examined. In doing so, this thesis exposes migration motives, notably in relation to career progression and personal development, and the processes and regulations that control temporary sojourns. Furthermore, the discussion reveals important social, cultural, economic and familial impacts of undertaking temporary, skilled, international migration. Using this case study of a sport-led migration, a largely under-researched occupational sector in migration studies, a number of theoretical, conceptual and empirical contributions are provided, which advance knowledge of skilled, international migration. First, utilising Bourdieu's (1986) notions of capital as an analytical framework, the comparative importance of migration motives are emphasised. Second, it is shown that migration can be viewed as a normalised aspect of a skilled worker's career trajectory, and that desired outcomes can be achieved during increasingly temporary stays overseas. Third, a three phase model of the migration flow is adopted to enable the development of professionalization and migration within cricket to be examined. It is asserted that cricket, as a professional sport, has changed under conditions of globalization, alongside smaller scale developments initiated by both employers and intermediaries, and the migrant cricketers. It is concluded that these connections will have salience for the other skilled occupations identified in Salt's (1997) typology of highly-skilled migrants.
3
Bosák, Martin. "Dočasný příbytek migrantů - přijímací a pobytové středisko." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355015.
Full textAbstract:
The content of the thesis is an architectural study of the temporary accommodation of migrants and finding a suitable location on the territory of the city of Brno. The choice of land suitable for construction must meet not only the technical requirements but also take into account the sensitive public relation to this type of equipment. The location of the Malměřice-Obřany district in Brno, currently managed as a brownfield, meets all the requirements and contributes to the reclamation of urban space.
4
Urzi, Domenica. "Migrant workers, temporary labour and employment in Southern Europe : a case study on migrants working in the agricultural informal economy of Sicily." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28737/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the migratory experience mainly of Tunisian and Romanian workers in the agricultural informal economy of Sicily (Italy), based on observation and 30 semi-structured interviews. Starting from the reasons behind the decision to migrate and the expectations towards their migratory experience, this thesis argues that family’s needs are central motivational factors for the majority of the people who were part of my study and that the migratory experience tends to transform conventional gendering and parenting roles. The thesis also investigates the strategies used by Tunisian and Romanian migrants to enter the Italian territory and to be recruited in the agricultural sector. My data suggested that social capital (or the lack of it) and social networks are essential resources to enter the Italian territory and its labour market and to remain active within it. Furthermore, the thesis claims that the interaction between the widespread informal employment in Southern Europe and discriminating forms of citizenship creates a paradoxical situation where newly European Romanian workers have more opportunity to negotiate with employers within the informal economy, whereas non-European people must seek contractual work within the formal labour market to justify their immigration status, making them more vulnerable to exploitation by deceitful employers. For this reason an imaginary continuum line has been developed in the last two chapters of the thesis to highlight how discriminatory citizenship status interacts with the informal labour economy of the agricultural sector of Sicily, exacerbating unequal power relations and labour exploitation. By stretching the concept of the ‘camp’ developed by Agamben (1998), the informal economy will be considered as a dimension where people’s rights are severely undermined. The thesis nonetheless asserts that recognition of human dignity and human rights offer a form of utopian critique that might be considered positive as it stands outside the limitations of national forms of citizenship and points to more inclusive ideas of global citizenship.
5
Du, Huimin. "Community sentiments and the stay-leave intention : a study of temporary migrants in villages-in-the-city in Guangzhou." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1302.
Full text
6
Sambou, Césarine. "Paludisme du retour : une anthropologie du risque palustre chez les voyageurs migrants originaires d'Afrique subsaharienne de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0215/document.
Full textAbstract:
La France est le pays industrialisé le plus touché par le paludisme d’importation avec environ 4735 de cas importés et répertoriés en 2016. Les voyageurs migrants, originaires des pays où sévit le paludisme et résidant en France, représentent 82,2 % des cas d’infections palustres. Cette thèse cherche principalement à analyser la question du recours à la prévention du risque palustre auprès des voyageurs migrants originaires des pays d’Afrique Subsaharienne de Bordeaux. À partir d’observations directes et d’entretiens individuels avec différents acteurs, cette recherche montre une hétérogénéité des situations d’exposition au risque palustre lors du retour temporaire au pays d’origine. Ce risque dépend des situations expérientielles, et socio-économiques, ainsi que des charges qu’il est supposé y assumer. Lorsque ces charges sont importantes, le voyageur migrant a tendance à hiérarchiser les risques, avec une non-priorisation du palustre au profit du risque de « toubabisation », socialement moins accepté. La non-priorisation du risque de paludisme est accentuée par une perception banalisante, ordinaire et quotidienne du paludisme en contexte de migration et par le non-remboursement de la chimioprophylaxie par la Caisse Nationale Assurance Maladie. Ce travail montre que le non recours à la chimioprophylaxie est influencé par l’absence d’expérience du paludisme en France et de paludisme grave dans le pays d’origine. Souvent, il faut que l’expérience de cette maladie soit vécue et perçue dans le pays d’accueil pour qu’elle induise un changement de perception et donc, un recours futur à la prévention. Sur le plan thérapeutique, cette thèse met en évidence des retards de diagnostic du paludisme en médecine générale. Ces retards sont causés par l’absence d’association de la « fièvre du retour » et des symptômes associés à un accès palustre, et par son « exotisme » en France. À ce titre, cette recherche apporte une contribution aux réflexions dans les champs de l’anthropologie de la santé et de l’anthropologie du risque lié au voyage avec comme exemple les voyageurs migrants exposés au risque palustreFrance is the industrialized country most assigned by import malaria with around 4735 imported and registered cases in 2016. Migrant travelers from malaria-affected countries residing in France account for 82.2% of all malaria cases. malaria infections. This thesis mainly seeks to analyze the issue of the use of malaria risk prevention among migrant travelers from sub-Saharan African countries in Bordeaux. Based on direct observations and individual interviews with different actors, this research shows the heterogeneity of situations of exposure to malaria risk during temporary return to the country of origin. This risk depends on the experiential and socio-economic situations, as well as the burdens it is supposed to assume. When these burdens are significant, the migrant traveler tends to prioritize the risks, with a non-prioritization of malaria control in favor of the risk of “toubabisation”, socially less accepted. The non-prioritization of the risk of malaria is accentuated by a banal, ordinary and daily perception of malaria in the context of migration and by the non-reimbursement of chemoprophylaxis by the National Health Insurance Fund. This work shows that the non-use of chemoprophylaxis is influenced by the lack of experience of malaria in France and severe malaria in the country of origin. Often, the experience of this disease must be experienced and perceived in the host country to induce a change of perception and therefore a future use of prevention. Therapeutically, this thesis highlights delayed diagnosis of malaria in general practice. These delays are caused by the lack of association of the “return fever” and symptoms associated with malaria, and by its “exoticism” in France. As such, this research contributes to reflections in the fields of anthropology of health and anthropology of travel risk, with the example of migrant travelers exposed to malaria risk
7
Richter, Pavel. "Dočasný příbytek migrantů - přijímací a pobytové středisko." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354996.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of crisis - the current issue in 2017. One of the issues is the need for the construction of a imigrant center in the Czech Republic. The locality in Brno was selected in Maloměřice. The location of the brownfield on the outskirts of the city district is used. The design is conceived as a closed block with two main diagonally inputs. The block is made up of two-storey buildings used for housing migrants. Within the block, there are two four-story buildings that serve as administration, maintenance, catering, education and leisure activities, ie all other activities except housing.
8
Carvalho, Dorinny Lisboa de. "Distribuição espacial e temporal de aves limícolas (Charadriiformes) na Ilha dos Caranguejos, Golfão Maranhense, Brasil." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/539.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T15:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dorinny Lisboa de Carvalho.pdf: 1040265 bytes, checksum: 222b9982d76512080d90402414be0760 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-12-12PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S.A.
We studied spatial and seasonal distribution of shorebirds (Charadriiformes) in Island of Caranguejos, Gulf of Maranhão. Censuses were conducted seasonally (considering arrival of migrants in South America, wintering, departure and breeding in North America) from September/2007 to July/2008, in two sectors of Island, North and South. We used the methods of point count, transect and estimate. The North Sector showed greater richness, the South, most abundance. The North Sector did not show differences in number of individuals or significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 1.0163, df = 3, P = 0.7973) between the periods. The Southern Sector showed greater abundance in the arrival (35,046) winter (35,708), decline in departure (20,046) and increasing of abundance in reproductive period (92), showed no significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis , H = 4.1596, df = 3, P = 0.2447). Considering the total number of shorebirds, the following pattern was observed: high abundance during the period of arrival (46,698), and winter (41,263), followed by declines in the individuals numbers in departure (24,169) and reproductive (6071), not significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 28,892, df = 3, P = 0.4090). There was no significantly different considering the abundance of time of arrival (Mann-Whitney U = 44.00; Z = 0.7107, P = 0.4773), winter (Mann-Whitney U = 48.50; Z = 0.3909 P = 0.6959), departure (Mann-Whitney U = 38.00; Z = 11,371, P = 0.2555) and reproductive (Mann-Whitney U = 45.00; Z = 0.6396, P = 0 , 5224) between North and South. Temporal distribution showed a high abundance in the months September to November (autumn migration) and from December to February (winter) reducing the number of individuals in the months of March to May and low values were recorded from June to August, when the birds are breeding in Arctic. Calidris pusilla was the most abundant species in all periods. Spatial distribution was related to the change of tide. Island of Caranguejos is a important wintering site for migratory shorebirds, its conservation is important for maintenance of birds group in wild life.
Objetivou-se descrever a distribuição espacial e temporal de aves limícolas (Charadriiformes) na Ilha dos Caranguejos, Golfão maranhense. Os censos foram realizados sazonalmente (considerando a chegada dos migrantes na América do Sul, invernada, partida e reprodução na América do Norte) de setembro/2007 a julho/2008 em dois setores da Ilha, denominados Norte e Sul. Utilizou-se os métodos de ponto fixo, transecto e estimativa. O Setor Norte apresentou maior riqueza, o Sul, maior abundância. O Setor Norte não mostrou diferenças nítidas no número de indivíduos nem diferença significativa (Kruskal-Wallis, H= 1,0163; gl= 3; P= 0,7973) entre os períodos. O Setor Sul apresentou maior abundância no período de chegada (35.046) e invernada (35.708), com declínio no período de partida (20.046) e elevando o número de indivíduos no período reprodutivo (92), não mostrando diferença significativa (Kruskal- Wallis, H= 4,1596; gl= 3; P= 0,2447). Considerando o número total de aves limícolas, se deu o seguinte padrão: alta abundância no período de chegada (46.698) e invernada (41263), seguida por declínios nos números de indivíduos nos períodos de partida (24.169) e reprodutivo (6.071), não houve diferença significativa (Kruskal-Wallis, H= 28,892; gl= 3; P= 0.4090). Não houve diferença significativa da abundância considerando os períodos de chegada (Mann-Whitney U= 44,00; Z= 0,7107; P= 0,4773), invernada (Mann-Whitney U= 48,50; Z= 0,3909; P= 0,6959), partida (Mann-Whitney U= 38,00; Z= 11,371; P= 0,2555) e reprodutivo (Mann-Whitney U= 45,00; Z= 0,6396; P= 0,5224) entre os setores Norte e Sul. A distribuição temporal mostrou alta abundância nos meses setembro a novembro (migração de outono) e dezembro a fevereiro (invernada) diminuindo o número de indivíduos nos meses de março a maio e baixos valores nos meses de junho a agosto quando as aves estão se reproduzindo no Ártico. Calidris pusilla foi a espécie mais abundante em todos os períodos. A distribuição espacial se deu de acordo com a variação de maré. A Ilha dos Caranguejos se mostrou como um importante sítio de invernada de aves limícolas migratórias, sendo fundamental a conservação dessa área para a manutenção desse grupo de aves na vida silvestre.
9
Melchior, Lirian [UNESP]. "Migrantes japoneses: um ciclo migratório : o caso de Londrina-PR." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96781.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:58:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
melchior_l_me_prud.pdf: 3678462 bytes, checksum: 358427388c06c2850c970a5c6c5c43bd (MD5)Procuramos analisar as migrações internacionais a partir da concepção da mobilidade do trabalho, ou seja, acreditamos que estas ocorrem, somente, impulsionadas pelo mercado e que estão inseridas dentro de um contexto político, econômico e social que propicia a mobilidade espacial de trabalhadores. Estas migrações assumem um caráter temporário, uma vez que o migrante se desloca por um período determinado almejando melhores rendimentos que lhe possibilite melhores condições de vida ao retornar ao país de origem. A pesquisa aborda o grupo de descendentes de japoneses de Londrina que vão trabalhar no Japão, na qualidade de trabalhadores não especializados, aproveitando a falta deste tipo de mão-de-obra naquele país, realizando o fluxo inverso de seus pais e avós que chegaram ao Brasil no início do século com perspectivas semelhantes, ou seja, poder retornar ao país e iniciar uma vida com melhores condições materiais. Procuramos, assim, trabalhar os dois momentos migratórios da comunidade nipo-brasileira; o de imigração, com a chegada dos japoneses no início do século e o de emigração com a partida de seus descendentes para o Japão. Acreditamos que, nas duas situações, a busca por melhores condições de vida foi determinante na decisão da partida, sendo um atrativo para a mobilidade da força de trabalho. Verificamos que ao migrar, o nikkei passa por algumas...
We tried to analyze the international migrations starting from the conception of the mobility of the work, that is, we believe that they occur only impelled by the market and that they are inside a politic, economic and social context which propitiates the workers the space mobility. These migrations assume a temporary aspect, since the migrant moves for a determined period of time trying to achieve better income, which will allow him/her better life condition upon arriving to his/her origin country. The research approaches the group of Japanese descendants from Londrina that goes to Japan to work as non-specialized workers, taking advantage of the lack of labor in that country, taking the opposite flow from their parents and grandparents who arrived in Brazil in the beginning of the century with the same perspectives, that is, returning to their country and begin a new life with better conditions. We tried to work on the two migratory moments of the nippo-brazilian community, the immigration, with the arriving of the Japanese in the beginning of the century, and the emigration, with the departure of their descendants to Japan. We believe that in the two situations, the search for better life conditions was determinant for the departure, attracting the mobility of the work power. We verified that when migrating, the nikkei goes through some difficulties related to the adaptation to the new country, with the relationship with the Japanese and the other Brazilian dekasseguis who assume a position of competitivity... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
10
Melchior, Lirian. "Migrantes japoneses : um ciclo migratório : o caso de Londrina-PR /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96781.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Alice Yatiyo AsariBanca: Eliseu Savério Sposito
Banca: Ruth Youko Tsukamato
Resumo: Procuramos analisar as migrações internacionais a partir da concepção da mobilidade do trabalho, ou seja, acreditamos que estas ocorrem, somente, impulsionadas pelo mercado e que estão inseridas dentro de um contexto político, econômico e social que propicia a mobilidade espacial de trabalhadores. Estas migrações assumem um caráter temporário, uma vez que o migrante se desloca por um período determinado almejando melhores rendimentos que lhe possibilite melhores condições de vida ao retornar ao país de origem. A pesquisa aborda o grupo de descendentes de japoneses de Londrina que vão trabalhar no Japão, na qualidade de trabalhadores não especializados, aproveitando a falta deste tipo de mão-de-obra naquele país, realizando o fluxo inverso de seus pais e avós que chegaram ao Brasil no início do século com perspectivas semelhantes, ou seja, poder retornar ao país e iniciar uma vida com melhores condições materiais. Procuramos, assim, trabalhar os dois momentos migratórios da comunidade nipo-brasileira; o de imigração, com a chegada dos japoneses no início do século e o de emigração com a partida de seus descendentes para o Japão. Acreditamos que, nas duas situações, a busca por melhores condições de vida foi determinante na decisão da partida, sendo um atrativo para a mobilidade da força de trabalho. Verificamos que ao migrar, o nikkei passa por algumas... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: We tried to analyze the international migrations starting from the conception of the mobility of the work, that is, we believe that they occur only impelled by the market and that they are inside a politic, economic and social context which propitiates the workers the space mobility. These migrations assume a temporary aspect, since the migrant moves for a determined period of time trying to achieve better income, which will allow him/her better life condition upon arriving to his/her origin country. The research approaches the group of Japanese descendants from Londrina that goes to Japan to work as non-specialized workers, taking advantage of the lack of labor in that country, taking the opposite flow from their parents and grandparents who arrived in Brazil in the beginning of the century with the same perspectives, that is, returning to their country and begin a new life with better conditions. We tried to work on the two migratory moments of the nippo-brazilian community, the immigration, with the arriving of the Japanese in the beginning of the century, and the emigration, with the departure of their descendants to Japan. We believe that in the two situations, the search for better life conditions was determinant for the departure, attracting the mobility of the work power. We verified that when migrating, the nikkei goes through some difficulties related to the adaptation to the new country, with the relationship with the Japanese and the other Brazilian dekasseguis who assume a position of competitivity... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Mestre
11
Vondráková, Kateřina. "Dočasný příbytek migrantů - přijímací a pobytové středisko." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355036.
Full textAbstract:
The theme of diploma thesis is design of reception center and residential center in Brno city. These asylum facilities are first two steps to proceeding for granting international protection. Both of these facilities provide accomodation and other services, such as provide of meals, social and psychological services, legal help or clients can take part in wide range of free-time activites. Designed complex is located at Červený kopec in Brno-Štýřice and it consists of 6 building divided into three parts - reception center, residential center and central structures used by the both facilities, such as administration, kitchen and maintenance services.
12
Chen, Weijia. "Essays on Rural-Urban Migration in China." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27798.
Full textAbstract:
Since the late 1980â s, China has experienced the worldâ s largest peacetime out-migration of its rural labor force to urban areas. The temporary nature of the labor migration complicates the control on this mobile population, and its multi-faceted influence on the whole economy makes the migration policy controversial. Based on cross-sectional Chinese rural household survey data, this study analyzes the effects of migration on rural areas and explores the determinants of the participation and duration of the temporary migration.
The first chapter investigates how parental migration affects the decision of enrolling children in high school through migrationâ s effects on household income and the opportunity cost of schooling in rural China. The opportunity cost of schooling is approximated by the marginal productivity of children imputed from family production estimation, which controls for potential endogeneity in the time allocation decisions of family members. The empirical results show that temporary migration of parents raises their childrenâ s probability of high school enrollment by 3.2%, resulting primarily from a positive income effect. These findings suggest that reductions in barriers to migration raise rural household earnings, and foster the investment in childrenâ s education.
The second chapter studies the determinants of participation and duration of temporary rural-urban migration in China highlighting the role of education and migrant networks. The Probit and Logit models are fitted to the dichotomous migration participation estimation. To correct for the sample selection bias, Heckmanâ s two-step procedure is used to estimate the length of migratory work. Empirical results confirm the existence of a migrant network effect on both migration participation and migration length. Schooling increases migration probability non-linearly and its effect on migration length is insignificant once migration is controlled. Furthermore, the positive effect of migrant networks on migration participation is especially prominent among individuals with junior and senior high school education.Ph. D.
13
Abraham, Elizabeth C. "Analysis of Temporal Range Change in Neotropical Passerine Migrants Using Stable Hydrogen Isotope Techniques." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1442928910.
Full text
14
Krifors, Karin. "Managing Migrant Workers : moral economies of temporary labour in the Swedish IT and wild berry industries." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om Migration, Etnicitet och Samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137433.
Full textAbstract:
Temporary migrant workers and circular migration constitute a growing global phenomenon as the management of migration becomes increasingly important to policymakers. This thesis takes academic discussions on citizenship and migration as its starting point, and examines the role of employers in terms of defining temporary migrant workers and their role in the Swedish labour market. The concept of moral economy is applied in particular to analyse the justifications and negotiations through which working conditions of migrant workers, and their role in local and transnational economies, are established and contested. The role of capital in migration management is studied through ethnographic fieldwork and through interviews with managers in the Swedish wild berry and IT industries; two very different industries that are, however, both shaped by particular structures of seasonal labour and international outsourcing and that increasingly rely on temporary foreign workers from Thailand and India respectively. The conceptualisation of supply chains in these industries offers a particular framework through which relations, as well as management discourses, can be analysed. The study explores how notions of circularity, nation, cultural difference, and transnational economic difference, are managed by private sector actors. It also explores how managers relate to public discourse and emotions in the face of global economic restructuring and changing citizenship, which situates temporary migrants as part of, yet different from, Swedish labour.Temporära migrantarbetare och cirkulär migration utgör ett växande globalt fenomen till följd av intresset bland regeringar och myndigheter att styra genom sk ”managed migration”. Denna avhandling tar avstamp i forskning om medborgarskap och migration för att undersöka vilken roll arbetsgivare får när det gäller att definiera tillfälliga migrantarbetare och deras roll på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Begreppet moralisk ekonomi används för att lyfta fram och analysera de praktiker genom vilka migrantarbetarnas arbetsvillkor förhandlas och rättfärdigas, samt hur deras roller i lokala och transnationella ekonomier befästs eller förändras. Ekonomins roll i migrationshantering studeras i denna avhandling genom etnografiskt fältarbete och intervjuer med chefer inom den svenska bärindustrin samt IT industrin; två mycket olika industrier som dock båda struktureras av säsongsarbete respektive internationell outsourcing, och som alltmer använder tillfällig utländsk arbetskraft från Thailand respektive Indien. Genom begreppet utbudskedjor (supply chains) möjliggörs en analys av de relationer, samt de managementdiskurser, som påverkar dessa industrier. Avhandlingen utforskar hur föreställningar om cirkularitet, nation, kulturella skillnader, samt transnationella ekonomiska skillnader, förhandlas av aktörer inom näringslivet. Vidare diskuteras hur chefer relaterar till de diskurser och emotioner som en global ekonomisk omstrukturering och ett förändrat medborgarskap ger upphov till, vilket positionerar tillfälliga migrantarbetare som en del av, men ändå annorlunda än, svensk arbetskraft.
15
Zaman, Khair-uz. "The economic impact of temporary migrant workers' remittances on the Pakistan economy : estimates from a macroeconomic model." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539564.
Full text
16
Cheung, Leslie. "Living on the edge: addressing employment gaps for temporary migrant workers under the live-in caregiver program /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2723.
Full text
17
GOMES, Monalisa Borges. "Os Turmeiros no agronegócio canavieiro: mediadores dos trabalhadores migrantes e da usina." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2013. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/131.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2017-11-17T14:06:54Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Monalisa Borges Gomes - Dissertação - 2013..pdf: 2894211 bytes, checksum: ac38cc91bcade7838edd95d7ee6c0f8e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T14:06:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monalisa Borges Gomes - Dissertação - 2013..pdf: 2894211 bytes, checksum: ac38cc91bcade7838edd95d7ee6c0f8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
O agronegócio canavieiro é caracterizado pela exploração da força de trabalho migrante temporário. Estes trabalhadores são camponeses, que diante da precariedade e instabilidade no acesso a terra, buscam no trabalho externo um meio para reproduzir suas vidas. Neste processo, o recrutamento desta mão de obra é feita por meio de mediadores, denominados de turmeiros, que estabelecem o vínculo entre os trabalhadores e as usinas. Assim, a proposta que norteou este estudo foi questionar como se constitui este personagem neste cenário e quais são as estratégias utilizadas para a seleção e a contratação dos trabalhadores? A proposta desta dissertação é analisar as transformações sociais e econômicas do município de Pindaí-BA e os impactos sobre as condições de reprodução de vida dos trabalhadores camponeses que buscam as migrações temporárias. Com isso buscou-se identificar como se define o turmeiro, cuja responsabilidade é de recrutar trabalhadores no cenário das migrações temporárias. Ainda, analisamos como ocorre a seleção e contratação dos trabalhadores migrantes temporários feitas pelos turmeiros. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que buscou combinar as técnicas de observação etnográfica (espaço de convivência e eventos na origem), com uso do diário de campo, entrevistas com trabalhadores, familiares e turmeiros, além de análise de dados estatísticos. Conclui-se com esta pesquisa que os turmeiros, agentes mediadores, são figuras que, apesar de receber um papel diferente dos outros trabalhadores, sendo os responsáveis de internalizar e difundir as regras e valores da usina para a condução de um trabalhador obediente e disciplinado, constitui também como parte de um cenário de exploração do trabalho. No entanto, seus intuitos estão voltados para angariar posições em que possam ter menos esforço físico, respeito entre seus pares e algumas vantagens financeiras. Ainda é preciso salientar que as turmas são selecionadas a partir do acionamento de uma rede social de parentesco e amizade na origem dos trabalhadores, porém este não é o critério preponderante para permanência nas turmas, pois os mesmos devem apresentar fatores como obediência e disciplina para garantir maiores índices de produtividade no campo de trabalho. A pesquisa ainda contribuiu para mostrar as punições que as usinas estabelecem para os trabalhadores que não terminam a safra, relegando-os a serem excluídos de novos processos de seleção.
The sugarcane agribusiness is characterized by the exploitation of temporary migrant workforce. These workers are peasants, who in the face of insecurity and instability in accessing land, seek in the external work a way to reproduce their lives. In this process, the recruitment of labor is done through mediators, called turmeiros that establish the link between workers and the cane mills. The proposal of this study was to investigate how is this character in this scenario and what are the strategies used for the selection and hiring of employees. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the social and economic transformations of the city of Pindaí-BA and the impacts on the reproduction of living conditions of peasant workers seeking temporary migration. So, attempts were made to identify how the turmeiro is defined, whose responsibility is to recruit workers in the setting of temporary migration. We also analyze how does the selection and hiring of temporary migrant workers made by turmeiros. It is a qualitative research that sought to combine the ethnographic observation techniques (space of coexistence and events at the source), using the diary, interviews with workers, family and turmeiros, and analysis of statistical data. The conclusion of this research is that turmeiros, mediating agents are figures that, despite receiving a different role of other workers, being responsible to internalize and disseminate the rules and cane mill values in order to conduct an obedient and disciplined worker. It is also part of a scenario of labor exploitation. The research also contributes to present the punishments that cane mills establish for workers who do not finish the harvest by relegating them to be excluded from new selection processes.
18
Massey, Deeptima. "Experiencing staying behind: A study of women's lives during the temporary absence of migrant men in rural West Bengal, India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488587.
Full text
19
Zou, Mimi. "The legal construction of migrant work relations : precarious status, hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4169b543-2a30-434c-a512-ada39d509a10.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the ways in which the laws and policies governing labour migration shape the relationship between migrant workers, employers, and labour markets in advanced industrialised countries. Specifically, it elucidates the intersections of immigration and labour market regulatory norms, structures, and processes that have salient implications for migrants’ work relations. The notions of ‘hyper-dependence’ and ‘hyper-precarity’ are developed as the main analytical and normative lenses in this thesis for examining the particular vulnerabilities associated with migrants’ precarious statuses under contemporary labour migration regimes. Hyper-dependence refers to an acute dependence that transcends the immediate context of an employment relationship, where other aspects of a worker’s life critically depend on that employer. For migrant workers, hyper-dependence may arise where their legal statuses is tethered to a specific employer sponsorship, accompanied by other de jure and de facto restrictions on their labour mobility. Hyper-precarity seeks to capture the multifaceted insecurities and uncertainties in migrants’ work relations and their broader migration projects, which are linked to their exclusion, in law and in practice, from a wide array of social, economic, and civil rights in the host state. Engaging with the various and often competing goals and concerns of immigration law and labour law, the two concepts of hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity are developed and applied through an in-depth comparative analysis of the legal and regulatory architectures of two contemporary temporary migrant workers’ programmes (TMWPs): Australia’s Temporary Work (Skilled) Subclass 457 Visa (‘457 visa’) scheme and the United Kingdom’s Tier 2 (General) visa scheme. In recent years, TMWPs in advanced industrialised countries have been touted by global and national policymakers as a desirable labour migration instrument that delivers ‘triple wins’ for host states, home states, and migrants and their families. I situate the normative concerns of the legally constructed hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity in the ethical debates on TMWPs in liberal states. I also consider how the worst extremes of the two ‘hyper’ conditions combined in highly exploitative work relations could be ameliorated, and in doing so propose some ideas for reforming key features of current TMWPs to enable migrants to exit any employment relationship and to resort to a range of voice mechanisms in the workplace.
20
Woitrin, Bibot Eveline. "Cuando escasean las lluvias : alternativas productivas de los campesinos de temporal en la cuenca del río Silao, estado de Guanajuato, México." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404252.
Full textAbstract:
Cuando se presentan años de sequía, los campesinos de temporal son los primeros en resentir pérdidas en sus cosechas obligándoles a buscar nuevas alternativas de sustento para adquirir en el mercado los granos que no pudieron producir para su consumo. La baja pluviosidad de los años 2009-2012 −y la declaratoria de desastre natural en 2011− llevan a formular las siguientes preguntas: ¿cómo los campesinos de temporal percibieron y resolvieron la insuficiente producción del maíz necesario a la alimentación de su familia y de sus animales? ¿Se han modificado los patrones migratorios a raíz de este fenómeno climatológico adverso? Formular esta posible estrategia de adaptación responde a la larga historia migratoria prevaleciente en la región desde varias décadas y al incentivo a migrar que representan las redes migratorias preexistentes.
El texto inicia con una revisión de los diferentes tipos de sequía y sus efectos; también examina y discute la complejidad del concepto de migración ambiental: sus dimensiones, aspectos legales y proyecciones numéricas ante la mayor frecuencia de los eventos naturales extremos y el crecimiento demográfico. Los estudios de caso realizados en diversos contextos de sequía permiten identificar, en la decisión de migrar, un mayor peso de las variables políticas, socioeconómicas, culturales y demográficas que de las variables ambientales. Por este motivo, las diferentes dimensiones de contexto del área de estudio son ampliamente descritas en el trabajo.
La presente tesis da cuenta del estudio realizado en 11 localidades de la cuenca del río Silao (estado de Guanajuato, México) situadas entre 2400 y 1830 msnm; dichas localidades están interconectadas por el río en un territorio natural y socialmente articulado aunque diverso en cuanto a sus características naturales y sociales. Al abarcar una reducida extensión territorial, el estudio privilegia la observación detallada de una realidad que es acercada desde la interdisciplinariedad. Con ello, las ciencias naturales y sociales, sus datos e instrumentos de investigación propios, permitieron identificar y analizar la relación entre los cambios ambientales –la baja pluviosidad y sus efectos− y las respuestas sociales aportadas por la población.
Mediante la aplicación de entrevistas semi estructuradas y visitas a campo, se ha documentado que las transformaciones ambientales que obligan los campesinos de temporal a buscar otras formas de sustento, no resultan de la variabilidad climática natural sino que responden ante todo a modificaciones antrópicas del medio natural. En otras palabras, la reducida capacidad productiva de las tierras sembradas de maíz y de las huertas frutales resulta más del empobrecimiento progresivo del suelo (por el uso de fertilizantes químicos) y de la alteración de la dinámica hidrológica (a consecuencia de la deforestación y de la extracción de arena del río), que de la baja pluviosidad percibida y asumida por los campesinos como una constante inevitable de la agricultura de temporal.
El reducido rendimiento agrícola y la consecuente necesidad de diversificar las fuentes de ingresos dan lugar a una creciente sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales (mayor extracción de leña, carbón y humus en la cuenca alta) y motivan la incorporación laboral de las mujeres y de los jóvenes de la cuenca media y baja a las empresas del sector industrial −agro y automotriz− instaladas en áreas cercanas.
En cuanto a la eventual respuesta migratoria, las conclusiones del trabajo plantean que la migración interna es considerada como poco atractiva porque los bajos salarios pagados no permiten realizar proyectos personales fuertes como la construcción de vivienda y la compra de camioneta; estas adquisiciones, que llaman la atención en las localidades de la cuenca media y baja, han sido posibilitadas por la intensa migración internacional de estas partes de la cuenca. El estudio concluye que la migración internacional sigue alentada más por los factores estructurales y la fuerte tradición migratoria regional que por los factores ambientales.
En conclusión, el fenómeno climático considerado en el estudio de caso no parece haber influido en la reorganización espacial y sectorial de las actividades de sustento de los habitantes de la cuenca ni en una modificación de su dinámica migratoria la cual sigue siendo más económica que ambiental.In times of recurring drought, the peasants practicing rainfed agriculture are the first to suffer the consequences, and are forced to look for alternative means of acquiring the grains they have not been able to produce for their own consumption. The scarce rains of 2009-2012 – and the 2011 declaration of natural disaster – invite the following questions: · How did rainfed agriculture peasants perceive and resolve the insufficient production of maize needed to sustain their families and farming animals? · Have migratory patterns been modified by these adverse meteorological circumstances? This hypothesis has been put forward due to the long-standing history of migration prevalent in the region, which could favour future migration, facilitated by the existing migrant networks. This work begins with a review of various types of droughts and their implications. It also examines and discusses the complexity of environmental migration: its dimensions, legal aspects and numerical predictions in light of the increasing frequency of extreme natural phenomena and population growth. The case studies that have been undertaken in various drought contexts have identified, in relation to the decision to migrate, the importance of political, socio-economical, cultural and demographical variables, rather than environmental causes. Therefore, these non-environmental factors, which affect the area of study, are described in detail in this paper. This thesis accounts for a study carried out in 11 small rural areas of the Silao Basin (State of Guanajuato, Mexico), located between 1830 and 2400m above sea level. These sites, despite the diversity in their natural and social characteristics, are connected through the river, forming an articulated territory. Given that this study focuses on a small geographical area, this has allowed for detailed observations and has facilitated an interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, the natural and social sciences, with their respective data and research instruments, have helped identify and analyze the relationship between environmental changes – the low rainfall and its consequences – and the social responses brought forward by the population. Semi-structured interviews and fieldwork have revealed that the environmental changes that force rainfed agriculture peasants to seek other means of survival do not result from climatic changes, but rather are the consequences of anthropic changes to the natural environment. In other words, the relatively low production of corn fields and fruit orchards are a consequence of the progressive impoverishment of the soil caused by a continuous use of chemical fertilizers. Likewise, the alteration of the hydraulic dynamic caused by deforestation and the extraction of sand from the river bed are having a greater impact on the crop than the decreasing rainfall that the peasants consider inevitable. As for the eventual migratory response, this paper comes to the conclusion that internal migration is considered less attractive because the low salaries do not allow for the completion of personal projects, such as building a home or acquiring a van, something that international migration is able to provide, as seen in the middle and lower basins. In addition, this study concludes that this international migration is driven to a greater extent by structural factors and the strong tradition of migration, rather than by environmental factors. In sum, the climatic phenomenon considered by this study does not seem to have affected the spatial and sectorial reorganization of the subsistence activities of the rainfed farming communities, nor did it modify the migratory dynamic that remains more economic than environmental.
21
Grillo, Elena. "Presence of Haemosporidia and Flaviviruses in Breeding Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea): An Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Trends in Infection Prevalence and Associations with Reproductive Success." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1857.
Full textAbstract:
As Neotropical migratory birds, Prothonotary Warblers are exposed to parasites in both tropical and temperate regions and may act as dispersal agents between geographic areas. This study identifies the prevalence of Haemosporidia, West Nile Virus (WNV), and St. Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV) in this species. A total of 71.6% of captured Prothonotary Warblers were infected with Haemosporidia during the 2008 breeding season, and infection prevalence increased throughout the season. This temporal change in prevalence is likely due to infection relapse and transmission of new infections. No correlations between reproductive effort and infection status were observed, nor were any associations between infection prevalence and nest box location identified. WNV and SLEV were present in 37.5% and 6.3% of sampled Prothonotary Warblers, respectively. These results warrant more detailed analyses of pathogen transmission dynamics in this population, physiological mechanisms that affect infection susceptibility, and spatial and temporal trends in infection that may exist.
22
Nyakabawu, Shingirai. "Liminality, Papers and Belonging amongst Zimbabwean Immigrants in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7943.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIntroduced in 2010, the Dispensation Zimbabwe Program (DZP) regularised undocumented Zimbabwean immigrants in South Africa. When DZP was closed, the Zimbabwe Special Permit was introduced, which was also replaced by the Zimbabwe Exemption Permit. This thesis examines the lived experiences of Zimbabwean migrants from the time they arrived in South Africa without papers, visas, or permits. It then examines the processes of acquiring DZP papers, processes of replacing it, and how conditions on the permits reinforce a particular notion of belonging for Zimbabwean immigrants. I draw on work inspired by the anthropologist Victor Turner’s (1967) concept of liminality to show that Zimbabwean migrants had been going through various phases of uncertain legal statuses which are all liminal. Through accounts of lived experiences and biographical narratives of migrants who see themselves as ‘entrepreneurs’ in Cape Town, I consider how migrant’s experience the structural effects of documentation and having or not having ‘papers’. It starts with a state of “illegality” because of being an undocumented migrant in South Africa. It proceeds to “amnesty” from deportation following the announcement of DZP. It then proceeds to the filling of application forms for legalisation at Home Affairs. The DZP permits make them “liminal citizens” in that they got political citizenship by virtue of being documented, but at the same time, the migrants do not enjoy full citizenship status economically. There is also “legal suspension” as in the period between applications for replacement of the permit with another for example from Zimbabwe Special Permit (ZSP) to Zimbabwe Exemption Permit (ZEP). The imposition of conditions in permits that it will not be renewed or extended throws them into a condition of “temporary conditional legality”. As a result, the liminality experienced is both existential and juridical. Juridical liminality results from uncertain legal status whether the migrant is documented or not. Juridical liminality is inherent in law and immigration policy. Existential liminality is because the uncertain legal status permeates all aspects of Zimbabwean immigrants’ lives and delimits their range of action in different spheres. This includes jobs, transnational capabilities, business, family, housing, and schooling for their children. Most studies on migration do not extend their arguments beyond that permits matter as they see them as giving immediate access to social and economic rights. In this thesis, I do not only examine how a condition of being an undocumented immigrant shapes aspects of immigrants’ lives but I further examine the experiences of living with temporary visas and their impact on their lives and family. Whereas in a rite of passage, the liminal stage is temporary, Zimbabweans in South Africa are living in chronic liminality. In all phases of liminal legality, the thesis demonstrates state power through documents/visas in shaping migrant lives deepening our understanding of immigrant incorporation, exclusion, citizenship and belonging.
23
Fonseca, Gildette Soares. "Espacialidade das migrações temporárias de Mirabelenses: implicações na territorialidade local." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12346.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Gildette Soares Fonseca.pdf: 6265209 bytes, checksum: ab058b99b833dde1dff7dd749eaf74af (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-06-23Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The temporaries migrations reflect the process of social inequality that prevails in the hidden corners of Brazil, involving the survival of populations of low purchasing power, while the periodic return to the living space (re)create new meanings. This research contemplates reflections on the history of temporaries migrants in Mirabela, county located in the north of Minas Gerais. Our main goal is to know the spatial dimension of these migrations and their working conditions, examining the implications on the territoriality of the space of Mirabela. Thus, we characterized the geographical category place - living space, - connecting it to temporary migration, analyzing the process of settlement of the county, evaluating the socioeconomic- cultural organization of the migrant population and identifying the formation of social networks of migrants and their families. The theoretical referential used contemplated discussions about geographical category place, concepts of temporary migration, identity, employment relationship, de/reterritorialization and social networks. Considering these assumptions, we execute a descriptive exploratory study, using interviews and narratives of migrants life histories, being each one of the twenty fieldworks essential to this research. From the compilation of data, we elaborate maps and chart that show the spatialization of temporaries migrations of the citizens of Mirabela, being these same temporaries migrations also occur in other regions of Minas Gerais and in the states of Bahia, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. In these regions migrants work in the coffee harvest, in coal production, in sugar cane and wood cutting, beyond some of them develop industrial activities during the year in Nova Serrana, county of the state of Minas Gerais, returning to Mirabela only on vacation period and long holidays. We realized that the responsible factors for migrations are the inefficiency of the municipal government to attract investments for the generation of jobs; the neglect of state and federal managers with the north of Minas Gerais counties, specifically Mirabela; the absence of public policies aimed at setting the man on the field, since the majority of the migrant population has few years of study and performing agricultural activities; and the powerlessness of governments in taking care of the interests of migrants workers. In this scene we observe that there is economic stagnation - low purchasing power - therefore, many young people without work perspective follow the path of parents and grandparents, occurring irrecoverable losses in the familiar scope and in the living space, - de/re-territorialization - thence migrants seek to places that most resemble their dogma/realities and attempt in a closing and confining process to form their territories, as the Santo Hipólito Settlement, which shelters families who left the rhythm of migration during the agricultural harvests and opted to live of the subsistence, however with better quality of life. We also realize the development of networks of solidarity between migrants and their families face to the difficulties confronted in the workplaces and in Mirabela
As migrações temporárias refletem o processo de desigualdade social que impera nos recantos do Brasil, implicando a sobrevivência de populações de baixo poder aquisitivo, enquanto o retorno periódico ao espaço de vivência re(cria) novas significações. Esta pesquisa contempla reflexões sobre a trajetória de migrantes temporários do município de Mirabela, localizado no norte de Minas Gerais. Nosso principal objetivo é conhecer a dimensão espacial dessas migrações e as suas condições de trabalho, averiguando as implicações na territorialidade do espaço mirabelense. Para tanto, caracterizamos a categoria geográfica lugar - espaço de vivência relacionando-a com migração temporária, analisando o processo de povoamento do município, avaliando a organização sócio-econômico-cultural da população migrante e identificando a formação das redes sociais dos migrantes e de seus familiares. O referencial teórico utilizado contemplou discussões sobre a categoria geográfica lugar, conceitos de migração temporária, identidade, relações de trabalho, des(re)territorialização e redes sociais. Considerando tais pressupostos, partimos para um estudo exploratório descritivo, utilizando entrevistas e relatos das histórias de vida de migrantes, sendo cada um dos vinte trabalhos de campo essencial à esta pesquisa. A partir da compilação dos dados, elaboramos mapas e tabela que evidenciam a espacialização das migrações temporárias dos mirabelenses, sendo que as mesmas ocorrem para outras regiões de Minas Gerais e para os estados da Bahia, Tocantins, Goiás e Mato Grosso do Sul. Ali os migrantes trabalham na colheita de café, no carvoejamento, no corte de cana-de-açúcar e de madeira, além de alguns desenvolverem atividades industriais em Nova Serrana município mineiro no decorrer do ano, retornando à Mirabela apenas no período de férias e feriados prolongados. Descobrimos que os fatores responsáveis pelas migrações são a ineficácia do poder público municipal em atrair investimentos para a geração de empregos; o descaso dos gestores estadual e federal com os municípios norte-mineiros, especificamente Mirabela; a ausência de políticas públicas que visem fixar o homem no campo, uma vez que a maioria da população migrante possui poucos anos de estudos e executam atividades agrícolas; e a impotência dos governantes em atender aos interesses dos trabalhadores migrantes. Neste cenário observamos que há uma estagnação econômica - baixo poder aquisitivo por isso, muitos jovens, sem perspectivas de trabalho, seguem a trajetória dos pais e avós, ocorrendo irrecuperáveis perdas no âmbito familiar e no espaço de vivência - des(re)territorialização daí os migrantes procurarem locais que mais assemelham aos seus dogmas / realidades, e tentarem, num processo de fechamento e enclausuramento, formar seus territórios, como o Assentamento Santo Hipólito, que abriga famílias que abandonaram o ritmo das migrações no período das safras agrícolas e optaram por viver da subsistência, porém com melhor qualidade de vida. Percebemos também o desenvolvimento de redes de solidariedade entre os migrantes e familiares diante das dificuldades enfrentadas nos locais de trabalho e em Mirabela
24
Löf, Henrik. "Iterative and Adaptive PDE Solvers for Shared Memory Architectures." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för teknisk databehandling, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7136.
Full textAbstract:
Scientific computing is used frequently in an increasing number of disciplines to accelerate scientific discovery. Many such computing problems involve the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDE). In this thesis we explore and develop methodology for high-performance implementations of PDE solvers for shared-memory multiprocessor architectures. We consider three realistic PDE settings: solution of the Maxwell equations in 3D using an unstructured grid and the method of conjugate gradients, solution of the Poisson equation in 3D using a geometric multigrid method, and solution of an advection equation in 2D using structured adaptive mesh refinement. We apply software optimization techniques to increase both parallel efficiency and the degree of data locality. In our evaluation we use several different shared-memory architectures ranging from symmetric multiprocessors and distributed shared-memory architectures to chip-multiprocessors. For distributed shared-memory systems we explore methods of data distribution to increase the amount of geographical locality. We evaluate automatic and transparent page migration based on runtime sampling, user-initiated page migration using a directive with an affinity-on-next-touch semantic, and algorithmic optimizations for page-placement policies. Our results show that page migration increases the amount of geographical locality and that the parallel overhead related to page migration can be amortized over the iterations needed to reach convergence. This is especially true for the affinity-on-next-touch methodology whereby page migration can be initiated at an early stage in the algorithms. We also develop and explore methodology for other forms of data locality and conclude that the effect on performance is significant and that this effect will increase for future shared-memory architectures. Our overall conclusion is that, if the involved locality issues are addressed, the shared-memory programming model provides an efficient and productive environment for solving many important PDE problems.
25
Bucklaschuk, Jill. "In pursuit of permanence: examining lower skilled temporary migrants' experiences with two-step migration in Manitoba." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31023.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation interrogates the links between immigration, citizenship, and social inequality by exploring temporary migrants' lived experiences of social exclusion in Manitoba. Based within a provincial context that supports temporary migrants' transitions to permanent residency through the Provincial Nominee Program, I examine how the promise of permanent settlement and a two-step immigration process influences migration decisions and the lived experiences that follow. Also, this dissertation highlights the ways in which temporary migrants find ways to exercise agency as they negotiate a complex migration system that is designed to exclude them.
Drawing on twenty-six in-depth qualitative interviews and informed by a narrative methodology, I analyze accounts of temporary migrants who work in the hog processing industry in two rural communities. Using a theoretical lens informed by segmented labour market theory and citizenship theories, the dissertation reveals how processes of social exclusion are the outcomes of both labour market positions and legal exclusion from full membership in a nation-state. As a result, temporary migrants are positioned in an uncertain state of partial legal and social belonging. Theorizing the social effects of temporary migrants' location both in the labour market and in the complex matrix of legal statuses demonstrates the nuanced ways that temporary migrants understand how they can and do fit in Canadian society and make decisions based on such understandings.
A significant empirical finding from this research is that having options for permanent residency is not a panacea for temporary migrants' unequal and marginalized social locations. In fact, the promise of permanent residency can contribute to an imbalance of power where employers have control over the futures of temporary migrants and their families. Pervasive effects of non-permanent status persist long after transitions to permanent resident status and are compounded by social dimensions such as language, class, gender, and race to shape temporary migrants' ability to engage in Canadian society. My analysis reveals the ways in which government designations (legal status) lack the ability to entirely erase social markers, making it questionable whether such classifications can restructure the social interactions and experiences of temporary migrants.February 2016
26
Ziesman, Alia. "‘WILL WORK FOR FOOD’: Canada’s Agricultural Industry and the Recruitment of South East Asian Temporary Migrant Workers." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/6763.
Full textAbstract:
As of fairly recently, migrant workers from South East Asia are migrating to Canada for work in the agricultural industry. Little research has been conducted on migration routes and recruitment patterns of these migrant workers. Interviews with 13 workers and three support workers were conducted between May and July 2011 to learn about this process; specifically with how these individuals are getting to Canada, and how they maintain (or do not maintain) relationships with the private intermediaries and employment agencies that facilitate this movement. This research will fill a gap in the literature by describing the recruitment processes of ‘low-skilled’ workers into Canada and, more importantly, it will provide a much-needed space for South East Asian migrants to share their experiences about working in Canada.
27
Hwati, Roseline. "Treatment experiences of HIV positive temporary cross-border migrants in Johannesburg : access, treatment continuity and support networks." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/13182.
Full textAbstract:
As the economic hub of South Africa, Johannesburg attracts cross-border migrants in search
of improved livelihoods; over half the population of some of its inner-city suburbs are made
up of cross border migrants. Globally as well as locally, foreigners have been blamed for the
spread of diseases such as HIV. As a result, they have suffered challenges in accessing public
healthcare, particularly antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV. Studies have shown that
despite these challenges - foreigners experienced better ART outcomes than nationals. There
is a need to explore the ways in which cross border migrants use to access and to stay on
treatment, given the wide-range of challenges that they face during their stay in
Johannesburg. Semi-structured interviews with five nurses and ten cross-border migrants
currently receiving ART, along with non-participant observations, were used to collect data
from two public clinics in inner-city Johannesburg. Analysis suggests that the family network
in the country of origin remains critical, as cross border migrants are not disclosing their
status in the city in which they live, but do so to their families in their countries of origin.
Data shows that when it comes to accessing and staying on treatment, cross-border migrants
go to the clinic every month as do nationals; ask for more treatment from nurses when going
home temporarily; eat healthily; but hide when taking medication, and negotiate
confidentiality and trust within their families in countries of origin. Some are found to access
treatment in their countries of origin while staying in Johannesburg. Despite the lack of social
networks in the inner city, this data suggests that cross-border migrants are successful in
accessing and continuing with ART. There is need for future research to look at social
networks for internal migrants, so as to compare results.
28
Malhaire, Loïc. "La construction institutionnelle de régimes de travail contraint au Canada : les cas des immigrants permanents et des migrants temporaires : quelles mobilisations possibles?" Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18425.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le contexte de l'effritement de la société salariale (Castel 1995), on constate au Canada une prolifération de statuts d'emplois atypiques, une flexibilisation et une précarisation du travail, ainsi qu'une augmentation du nombre de travailleuses et travailleurs pauvres. Deux formes d’emploi semblent particulièrement illustrer la pauvreté et la précarité en emploi : le travail immigrant en agence de placement temporaire et le travail migrant temporaire. Alors que le travail en agence de placement (TAP) constitue un marché du travail précaire, on y retrouve un grand nombre d’immigrants reçus, de demandeurs d’asile ou de réfugiés, employés dans des emplois sous-qualifiés, malgré des niveaux de scolarité souvent élevés. Par ailleurs, le programme fédéral des travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu-spécialisés (PTET-PS), permet aux employeurs canadiens le recrutement d’une main-d’œuvre étrangère pour des postes déclarés non pourvus par une main-d’œuvre locale, établissant des normes spécifiques d'emploi et de migration et constituant un marché du travail transnational et fortement concurrentiel au travail salarié.
La thèse interroge les processus institutionnels de construction des conditions d’accès à l’emploi pour ces deux catégories de travailleurs non natifs du Canada que sont (1) les immigrants reçus et les réfugiés insérés en emploi d’agences de placement dans le secteur de l’entreposage et (2) les travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu-spécialisés travaillant dans un abattoir. Une immersion ethnographique effectuée sur le mode de la participation observante pendant près de deux ans au Centre des travailleuses et travailleurs immigrants (CTI) à Montréal, complétée par une série d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de travailleurs, de personnes ressources et d’intervenants du secteur communautaire, montrent que la construction de ces régimes de travail doit être analysée (1) au croisement des politiques publiques d'immigration, de la régulation du travail, des mesures d’insertion en emploi des immigrants et de l’encadrement du regroupement familial, (2) au regard des pratiques des acteurs du marché du travail (entreprises, agences de placement/recrutement, organisations professionnelles et sectorielles) et (3) en considérant les manières dont les travailleurs intègrent les conditions structurelles de l’emploi immigrant à leurs stratégies de vie personnelles et familiales.
Il ressort que l’association de statuts juridiques d’immigration et de certaines formes d’emploi structure des régimes de travail caractérisés par la captivité en emploi, construits relativement aux enjeux et aux besoins immédiats des secteurs d’activité et légitimés par une législation entravant de façon systémique l’accès des travailleurs aux droits et libertés. On observe ensuite que ces régimes de travail contraint produisent des conditions d’accès à l’emploi définies sur un continuum allant de la qualification des personnes, à leur déqualification professionnelle, à leur disqualification sociale. Alors que les travailleurs rencontrés ont la particularité d’être fixés à leur emploi précaire par des contraintes liées à leur exclusion des emplois valorisés et/ou à leurs statuts juridiques d’immigration, la thèse interroge finalement les formes possibles de mobilisation et de défense collective de leurs intérêts à travers une étude de cas portant sur des actions collectives soutenues par un groupe communautaire en lien avec des syndicats.In the context of the erosion of the “société salariale” (wage-earning society, Castel 1995), in Canada as elsewhere, we are witnessing the proliferation of atypical employment conditions, the flexibilisation and casualization of work, and an increase in the number of working poor. Two forms of employment best illustrate poverty and precariousness in employment: immigrants working in temporary placement agencies (temp agencies) and temporary foreign workers (TFWs). The precarious labour market of temp agency work harnesses a large number of highly educated landed immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers employed in low-skilled jobs. Moreover, the federal program for low-skilled temporary foreign workers (TFWP-LS), allows Canadian employers to recruit foreign workers for positions unfilled by the local workforce. The TFWP-LS establishes specific employment and immigration standards, thereby institutionalizing a transnational labour force competing with domestic wage-earners. This thesis examines the institutional processes that create the terms of access to employment for two categories of foreign-born workers in Canada: (1) landed immigrants and refugees working in warehouses through temporary placement agencies and (2) low-skilled temporary foreign workers in slaughterhouses. A nearly two-year ethnographic immersion at the Immigrant Workers Centre (IWC) in Montreal, based on the “observant participation” method, complemented by a series of semi-structured interviews with workers, key informants and community sector stakeholders, showed that the construction of these work arrangements is complex. An understanding of these categories of work requires an analysis: (1) at the intersection of immigration policies, labour regulations, employment integration measures for immigrants, and regulations related to family reunification; (2) in relation to the practices of labour market actors (companies, placement/recruitment agencies, professional and sectorial organizations); and (3) in consideration of the ways in which workers incorporate the structural conditions of im/migrant employment in their personal and family life strategies and choices. Results show that immigration status has intersected with certain forms of employment to structure work arrangements characterized by forced labour. Those work arrangements are built on the short-term needs of industries and are legitimized by legislation that systemically impedes workers' access to rights and freedoms. These constrained work arrangements lead (im)migrant workers through a deleterious process, starting with their qualification as an (im)migrant to Canada, then professional de-skilling and finally social disqualification. While the workers met in the context of this project are constrained in their precarious jobs due to their exclusion from qualified jobs and/or by their legal immigration status, the thesis concludes by exploring the possible forms of mobilization and collective defense of their interests through a case study of collective action supported by a community group in connection with trade unions.
29
Depatie-Pelletier, Eugénie. "Labour Migration Program Declared a "Modern Form of Slavery" under Constitutional Review : Employer-Tying Measure's Impact vs Mythical "Harm Reduction" Policies." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22564.
Full text
30
Richard, Geneviève. "Les travailleurs migrants occupant un emploi peu ou pas spécialisé au Qatar : évolution de la situation juridique entre 2012 et 2018." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22845.
Full text
31
Vathi, Lissia. "L'obligation de résidence chez l'employeur imposée aux travailleurs agricoles et domestiques migrants au Canada : une atteinte à leur droit constitutionnel à la liberté." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20391.
Full text
32
Thomas, Camille. "L’accessibilité à la justice pour les travailleurs temporaires : le cas d’une filiale française à Trinidad et Tobago." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19070.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire présente une analyse comparative exploratoire de la non-utilisation de l’appareil juridique étatique trinidadien en cas de conflit de travail pour les travailleurs migrants temporaires et les travailleurs trinidadiens au sein de French Touch Construction, filiale d’une entreprise française de construction à Port of Spain (Trinidad et Tobago). C’est à travers une perspective foucaldienne que sera examinée la question de la non-utilisation de l’appareil juridique étatique trinidadien en cas de conflit de travail. Cette non-utilisation de l’appareil juridique étatique est étudiée comme un effet des migrations internationales de travail, et ce, à l’encontre des travailleurs migrants (Sud et Nord) et des travailleurs locaux trinidadiens. Ainsi, je propose que nous assistons à une transformation des conditions de travail et des droits accordés aux employés trinidadiens et non pas uniquement à l’encontre des travailleurs temporaires migrants. En effet, le phénomène des migrations internationales de travail dégrade également le statut social de l’employé local qui est concurrencé par cette main-d’oeuvre étrangère, en provenance des pays du Sud ou du Nord et qu’il doit lui aussi être plus flexible et moins exigeant sur ses droits pour être inclus dans cette nouvelle économie du travail.This research focuses on an exploratory comparative study on the non-accessibility to justice in labor dispute for temporary migrant workers and local workers, based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Port-Of-Spain (Trinidad and Tobago) in a French construction company named French Touch Construction. Building from Foucault's thought, I analyze the non-accessibility to justice as a negative effect of the international labor migrations on temporary migrant workers (North and South) and Trinidadian workers. As a result, I argue that the transformation of work and workers’ rights are not only an issue for temporary migrant workers but also for Trinidadian workers. Effectively, international labor migration involve competition between employees and thus deteriorate the social status of Trinidadian employees in the French Touch Company. Indeed, employees have to be more flexible and less demanding of their rights to be included in this new work economy. To sum it up, I suggest that the international labor migrations, which encourage the worker to perceive himself as a holder of limited rights, also favor a managerial conflict resolution that is unfavorable for the employee.
33
"The Emotional Well-Being of Low-Wage Migrant Workers in Dubai." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49158.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: This dissertation research examines the impact of migration on the emotional well-being of temporary, low-wage workers who migrate from the Global South to Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Unlike previous research in the UAE, this study’s sample reflects a far broader diversity of nationalities and occupations, and focuses on those earning in the lowest wage bracket. Their experiences revealed the systemic attributes of precarity and the violent structures that perpetuate them.
My research addresses several substantive debates. I found that rather than emigrating for rational reasons—as neoclassical theory of migration posits—the migrants in my study tended to rationalize their reasons for emigrating through processes of cognitive dissonance. Further, where previous scholarship has tended to conflate issues of national, ethnic, and racial discrimination, I disentangle the processes that motivate discriminatory behavior by showing how seemingly innocuous references to “nationality” can be driven by a desire to hide racial prejudices, while at the same time, conflating all as “racism” can reflect a simplistic analysis of the contributing factors. I show how past historical structures of colonialism and slavery are manifest in current forms of structural violence and how this violence is differentially experienced on the basis of nationality, perceived racial differences, and/or ethnicity. Additionally, my research expands theories related to the spatial dimension of discrimination. It examines how zones of marginalization shape the experiences of low-wage migrant workers as they move through or occupy these spaces. Marginalizing zones limit workers’ access to the sociality of the city and its institutional resources, which consequently increase their vulnerability.
Individual well-being is determined by stressful events that one encounters, by personal and external sources of resilience, and by perceptions of oneself and the stressful events. For the migrants in my study, their stressors were chronic, cumulative, and ambiguous, and while they brought with them a sufficient amount of personal resilience, it was often mitigated by non-compliance and lack of enforcement of UAE laws. The result was a state of well-being defined by isolation, fear, and despair.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Justice Studies 2018
34
Castracani, Lucio. "«Ils viennent pour travailler» : l'utilitarisme migratoire et les ouvriers agricoles saisonniers au Québec." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20000.
Full text
35
Abboud, Rida. "The Social Organization of the Lives of 'Semi-skilled' International Migrant Workers in Alberta: Political Rationalities, Administrative Logic and Actual Behaviours." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35759.
Full textAbstract:
This institutional ethnography is an inquiry into the particular migrant category of International Migrant Workers (IMW) in Canada (otherwise known as Temporary Foreign Workers). It looks at how the daily lives of IMWs who have been deemed as ‘semi-skilled’ by the National Occupational Classification (NOC) system are organized by their immigration and job status in Canada. These IMWs are working primarily in the food service, hotel or retail industries in front-line and often precarious employment in Southern and Western Alberta. The data was collected through a literature review, interviews, observations, and textual analysis. The participants that informed this inquiry are IMWs, service providers in the immigrant sector, representatives from the Alberta Government, and an immigrant recruiter/consultant.
This study uses an ‘ideological circle’ (Yan, 2003), which maps out the process through which governmental ideology is filtered down to all levels of society via a set of ideas, knowledge, procedures and methods about people and processes. It provides a vehicle to identify the specific social relations that organize people in different sites. It becomes apparent through this mapping that along with the political rationalities of neoliberal criteria and the logic of globalization, and market civilization and citizenship, certain administrative logic and technologies of government such as situating IMWs as economic units in the Canadian nation-state, processes of skill codification, and devolution of immigration policies and programs, become the foundations for the ways that IMWs live their lives in Canada. In particular, we can see how and why they ‘work’ for permanent residency, how and why they become vulnerable to precarious employment in their workplace and in other ways, and how and why they become isolated through family separation. The thesis ends with a look into how social workers and social service organizations are managing ‘professional’ relationships with migrant populations whose lives are organized in the above ways, and questions whether it’s possible at all to move beyond supporting ‘bare life’ (Agamben, 1998).
36
Depatie-Pelletier, Eugénie. "Travailleurs étrangers temporaires au Canada : vers une mise à jour des catégories et indicateurs démographiques ?" Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7712.
Full text
37
Yun-WeiChang and 張勻瑋. "The Effects of Urban Characteristics on the Adjustment of Temporary Migrant Life in Taiwan -An Example of College Students." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49683494914158036630.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系
103
As the trend of city competitiveness or soft power holding more and more attractions, there is a lack of field research and empirical analysis for modern “urbanity” and its influence objectively. In this study, temporary migrants i.e. college students are chosen as the research targets. Through studying their live experiences in different urban area, we can explore whether the urban characteristic shaped in the urban area make urban inhabitants express specific living pattern. There are three parts in empirical research. First, 22 countries of Taiwan were classified according to urban physical factors by cluster analysis. Secondly, a questionnaire survey was conducted in order to compare the changes of perceptions of public realms and the lifestyles of temporary migrant students in their original-living and temporary-living cities. Finally, the influence of the differences of urban characteristics from students’ subjective perception on the adjustment of temporary migrant life would be identified. According to empirical survey results, it is difficult to recognize urbanity of certain cities by inhabitants’ perceptions of public realms, only if comparing the difference of temporary migrant students from different cities before and after moving to the same temporary-living city. Relatively speaking, lifestyle could be the comparable object for subsequent research to study different urbanities of cities. Limited with research time and resource, the descriptions of urbanity in each study city in the study are limited accordingly. However, through this primary analysis and investigation, the study results may contribute as a reference in future urbanity research.
38
Chung, Kayoun. "Korean English fever in the U.S. : temporary migrant parents' evolving beliefs about normal parenting practices and children's natural language learning /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337739.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4236. Adviser: Daniel J. Walsh. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-169) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
39
"Urban ruins: empowering the under privileged." 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893922.
Full textAbstract:
Fung Tat Wai Ken."Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2008-2009, design report."
Urban Ruins: Empowering the Underprivileged --- p.4-17
"This thesis is inspired by two social and economic issues: Urban Ruins and migrant workers. Here urban ruins refer to suspended or abandoned structures resulting from speculation failures caused by market and financial fluctuations. Through a comparison between these unoccupied and often unfinished structures and ""traditional"" ruins like those resulting from natural disasters, it is obvious that they share common characteristics and Urban Ruins are thus named. For example, they both consist of visible and invisible parts, though they represent different time and space."
Guangdong Region --- p.18-23
"Following the real estate boom in the 1990s, there were once more than 300 Urban Ruins in Guangdong Province. However in the past 10 years, most of the suspended projects have been resumed and completed by developers, this phenomenon has given rise to worries at the beginning of research that it might not be the right time to touch on this issue, yet the recent financial crisis has again proven the periodic nature of the issue that is worthwhile further investigation."
Shenzhen - Dongmen Building --- p.24-37
"Dongmen Building one of the remaining few existing Urban Ruins in Shenzhen urban area. It is a special case that the cause of its suspension is not only financial and market forces, the original developer has been cheated by other company, taking away all the capital that were invested into this building, the construction was then brought to a halt since the completion of the concrete structure more than 10 years ago. This is going to be the site of the intervention."
Shenzhen - A Transient City --- p.38-43
"Apart from the property market, Shenzhen has been growing exponentially since it was declared Special Economic Zone in 1979, plus its geographical advantage of its proximity to Hong Kong, it has been functioning as the hinterland to Hong Kong providing cheap products and services. The manufacturing industry and services sector flourished, attracting migrant workers from all over China. These migrant workers do not have a local hukou, meaning they are not registered residence in Shenzhen, they face problems of employment, accommodation and low wages. Making the migrant workers the underprivileged and over exploited group in the economy."
"According to a recent survey, there are as much as 100 million migrant workers in China, of which one tenth of them are working in the Guangdong Province. Migrant workers, together with associated Village in the City issue pose a rising social demographic problem to the authorities."
Program --- p.44-49
"Based on these two issues, Urban Ruins and migrant workers, a programmatic approach has been adopted. The proposed program is composed of 3 scales, firstly on a city wide scale responding to periodical market fluctuations that created Urban Ruins by taking the abandoned structure as a host for intervention. Secondly on a national-wide scale dealing with perennial population flow of migrant workers and tourists, providing temporary residence for migrant workers who are forced to stay in Shenzhen or those who just arrived in search for jobs. Thirdly on a more local scale, accommodating daily needs of public transport and recycling in the Dongmen commercial district."
Empowering the under-privileged and the over-exploited --- p.50-53
"Going back to the title of the thesis, how to empower the under-privileged? It could be achieved by using their own expertise, agricultural knowledge, by means of an urban farm. The urban farm ties up all the other previously mentioned programs, they work in a symbiotic relationship that the public transport interchange bring shoppers to the marketplace where the produces from the urban farm, while the kitchen waste collected from the commercial district can be treated at the recycling centre suppling organic fertiliser to the urban farm. The temporary residence is run on the financial support from the profit of the marketplace and also the hostel for tourists. This establishment could be a centre for new arrivals in Shenzhen, providing vocational training of hydroponic agriculture and accommodation while they can look for other jobs."
Hydroponics and Vertical Farming --- p.54-57
"The conventional type of farm is not feasible on the tower due the required soil depth cannot be achieved on the origi- nal structure. Hydroponic farming is introduced to produce high economic value crops like fruits and flowers. Moreover, the skills required by hydroponic farming can be acquired by the migrant workers as vocational training."
Parasitic Approach --- p.58-64
"In order to maintain a ruin-like quality of the existing structure to create a""scar of greed"" in the city, the design approach would partly retain the existing appearance and introduce the new programs as parasitic structures. Three parasitic operations: Attachment, Add-on and Intrusion were identified from a study of parasitic structures. In the preliminary design proposal, the growing area is applied an attachment on the southern facades with other programs such as residence punching through into the existing structure as intrusions."
40
Chang, Chih-yao, and 張智堯. "The Temporal Trend of Heavy Metals (Pb、Cd、Hg、As) in Black Kites (Milvus Migrans) in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67139020033973652417.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
野生動物保育研究所
100
Raptors are often considered as good indicators for natural habitat quality. Since 1980 the population of black kites in Taiwan declined, one of the causes may be the industrial development after 1970. I want to understand the temporal and spatial variation in the heavy metal (lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic) content of the feathers. The annual change content of these may be the clue with the industrial develop and environmental pollutants. I tested the correlation between the feather’s heavy metal content and the soil’s. The result provided some information in heavy metal concentration of organism and environment. Seventeen samples wree collected. Five were from the specimen made during the Japanese occupation, and the others were collected after 1970. Results showed mean concentration of heavy metal of the feathers during the Japanese occupation were listed in order: As>Pb>Cd>Hg. The mean concentration of heavy metal of the feathers after 1970 were listed As>Pb>Hg>Cd. The mean concentration of Pb and As in feathers achieved high level and medium-high level after 1970, respectively I found one sample which’s As content was 253.02 ppm may be arsenic poisoned. In all elements, Pb was found tobe highly correlated between concentration of feathers and soils at Kaohsiung and Pingtung after 1970, and so did As. The Hg concentration in feathers at Kaohsiung and Pingtung increased after 2000, and the possible source might be the atmospheric mercury from China. Thus, the black kites are under the heavy metal (lead, arsenic and mercury) potential threat at Kaohsiung and Pingtung.
41
Gumbo, Promise. "The relationship between parent temporary migration and childhood survival in households left behind in the South African rural sub-district of Agincourt." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4987.
Full textAbstract:
This report examines the influence of parent’s migration status on childhood
mortality in sending households in the South African rural sub-district of
Agincourt. A survival analysis of a cohort of children born in Agincourt
between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2003 was conducted using the
Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the influence of parent’s
migration status on under-5 year mortality. Starting with a baseline census in
1992, the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System (AHDSS)
data are collected and updated every 12 months wherein fieldworkers visit
each household at the site to record the vital events, including births, deaths,
and migrations that occurred since the previous census. Results of the
survival analysis show that children born in households where the father was
a temporary migrant while the mother remained at the rural household had a
35% lower risk of death compared to children in households where both
parents were non-migrant (RR=0.647, 95% CI 0.439-0.954). The results also
reveal that, controlling for parent migration status, children in single-parent
(mother only) households had about 28% higher death hazard than children in
two-parent households (RR=1.284, 95% CI 0.936-1.673). The findings
suggest that temporary labour migration could be a means to improving
household incomes and quality of life for children, particularly where the father
is a temporary migrant while the mother remains behind taking care of the
children. At the same time, children whose fathers are not indicated appear to
be worse off whether their parents are temporary migrants or not.
42
Allen, Danielle. "“For here or to go?” Migrant workers and the enforcement of workplace rights in Canada: temporary foreign workers in the British Columbia hospitality sector." Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8575.
Full textAbstract:
Why do temporary foreign workers employed in the British Columbia hospitality sector have difficulty enforcing their workplace rights? Using the themes of people, place and time, this thesis explores the demand and supply of migrant workers in the British Columbia hospitality sector, and the challenges temporary foreign workers face at the intersection of immigration law, employment law, occupational health and safety law, and workers’ compensation law. The thesis argues that the low-skilled Temporary Foreign Worker Program shifts the negative consequences of unfair working conditions and workplace health and safety risks over people, place and time: from Canadian workers and employers onto temporary foreign workers; from Canada to elsewhere; and from the present into the future. Workplace rights are not enough for hospitality sector workers, what is needed is better tools for the enforcement of those rights.Graduate
43
McLaughlin, Janet Elizabeth. "Trouble in our Fields: Health and Human Rights among Mexican and Caribbean Migrant Farm Workers in Canada." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24317.
Full textAbstract:
For many years Canada has quietly rationalized importing temporary “low-skilled” migrant labour through managed migration programs to appease industries desiring cheap and flexible labour while avoiding extending citizenship rights to the workers. In an era of international human rights and global competitive markets, the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) is often hailed as a “model” and “win-win” solution to migration and labour dilemmas, providing employers with a healthy, just-in-time labour force and workers with various protections such as local labour standards, health care, and compensation.
Tracing migrant workers’ lives between Jamaica, Mexico and Canada (with a focus on Ontario’s Niagara Region), this thesis assesses how their structural vulnerability as non-citizens effectively excludes them from many of the rights and norms otherwise expected in Canada. It analyzes how these exclusions are rationalized as permanent “exceptions” to the normal legal, social and political order, and how these infringements affect workers’ lives, rights, and health. Employing critical medical anthropology, workers’ health concerns are used as a lens through which to understand and explore the deeper “pathologies of power” and moral contradictions which underlie this system. Particular areas of focus include workers’ occupational, sexual and reproductive, and mental and emotional health, as well as an assessment of their access to health care and compensation in Canada, Mexico and Jamaica.
Working amidst perilous and demanding conditions, in communities where they remain socially and politically excluded, migrant workers in practice remain largely unprotected and their entitlements hard to secure, an enduring indictment of their exclusion from Canada’s “imagined community.” Yet the dynamics of this equation may be changing in light of the recent rise in social and political movements, in which citizenship and related rights have become subject to contestation and redefinition. In analyzing the various dynamics which underlie transnational migration, limit or extend migrants’ rights, and influence the health of migrants across borders, this thesis explores crucial relationships between these themes. Further work is needed to measure these ongoing changes, and to address the myriad health concerns of migrants as they live and work across national borders.