Academic literature on the topic 'Temporary measures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Temporary measures":
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Miller, Johanna L. "A graphene temporary tattoo measures blood pressure." Physics Today 75, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5076.
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Kots, Tetyana. "Axiological and temporary measures of linguist norm." Ukrainska mova, no. 4 (2017): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2017.04.042.
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Thodi, Chryssoula, and Donald Gans. "Temporary threshold shift: Peripheral and central measures." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, no. 5 (May 1994): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.409576.
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Kljajić, Maja, Marija Kostić, and Vule Mizdraković. "The blacklist of legal entities: The importance of administrative authorities in creating a favourable business environment in the Serbian market." Nauka bezbednost policija 26, no. 3 (2021): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nabepo26-34409.
Abstract:
With the view to creating a favourable business environment and legal security in the market of the Republic of Serbia, a single and centralized register of business entities has been created, in which data on measures of temporary restriction are recorded. These measures are based on acts of courts, the central bank, the Tax Administration and other competent authorities. The research was conducted on a sample of 1,595 observation units (measures imposed on active business entities) found in the database of active measures of temporary restrictions and published on the website of the Business Registers Agency. The research spanned over almost five years (from 2017 until the first half of 2021). The results of the research show that a total of 1,422 measures of temporary restrictions were imposed by various decision-makers. From the aspect of administrative bodies and courts, a total of 384 measures were imposed in the observed period. The Tax Administration imposed the largest number of temporary restriction measures, with a share of almost 34% of the observed sample. Out of eight potential measures, the results of the research show that two measures of temporary restrictions are imposed in practice, of which the measure preventing the disposal of funds is present in 92.26% of cases. Starting from the main research question - Is there a positive influence of analysed measures to macroeconomic performance measured by GDP?, panel regression has been conducted on 1,276 observation units and results show that there is a positive relation between the number of issued measures of temporary restriction of entities from different sectors and the amount of Gross Domestic Product from 2017 to 2020 respectively.
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Omeziri, Eric, and Christopher Gore. "Temporary Measures: Canadian Refugee Policy and Environmental Migration." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 29, no. 2 (February 26, 2014): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.38166.
Abstract:
In 2010, 42 million people worldwide were displaced from their homes as the result of environmental factors. These “environmental migrants” lack international recognition and have no recourse to the protections of the international refugee regime. Given Canada’s history of international refugee resettlement, this paper examines Canada’s past and potential response to environmental migrants. Evidence reveals that the Canadian government relies on ad hoc, temporary measures, and that clear, long-term policy measures for issues surrounding forced migration due to environmental events are unlikely. The implications of this outcome are discussed, providing observations and lessons for researchers and advocates of migration rights.
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Gans, Donald P. "Behavioral and physiological measures of temporary threshold shift." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, S1 (May 1986): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023252.
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Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. "Case for a GATT Code on Temporary Measures." World Economy 12, no. 1 (March 1989): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.1989.tb00463.x.
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Kushnir, Yaroslav. "COUNTERING TEMPORARY OCCUPATION: INTERNATIONAL ASPECT, FOREIGN EXPERIENCE, AND NATIONAL REALITIES." Law Journal of Donbass 74, no. 1 (2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-74-1-10-19.
Abstract:
This article provides a comprehensive study in areas of counteraction to the temporarily occupied territories of a sovereign state. Regulations, doctrinal approaches, international experience serve as a subject to this study in the context of a set of functional national activities of states that have faced the issue of territories’ separation. Particular attention is paid to foreign experience in counteracting the temporary occupation through the prism of the Republic of Cyprus which held an activity to counter the so-called Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, as one of the most successful examples of confrontation with the temporarily occupied territories for a long time and comparing Ukraine's activities in this field. To this end, the author conducts a comprehensive analysis of measures aimed at combating the spread and recognition of the temporarily occupied territories of the Republic of Cyprus, as well as the scientific achievements of international scientists who have studied this issue. Analyzing these objects, the author carries out the qualification based on the criteria of differentiation of measures accepted by foreign scientists and determines which measures were implemented to solve the same problem in Ukraine. Given the personal experience of operational and service activities of the author and a deep awareness of this topic, it is proposed to expand the generally accepted areas of counteraction. The author provides the grounding of additional direction on how to counter the expansion and recognition of the Ukrainian temporarily occupied territories, disclosing a complex of measures which were, and can be introduced for its realization. The result of this study is the formation of the author's approach to defining the complex concept of «counteraction to temporary occupation», the formation of a list of national measures to combat the temporarily occupied territories, and their classification, as well as proposals for the most effective countermeasures and their further use in law enforcement.
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Sekiguchi, Minoru, Nozomu Taniguchi, and Kaoru Kobayashi. "Measures to Improve Seismic Resistance by Fuse Mechanism in Pier Structures." ce/papers 6, no. 3-4 (September 2023): 2249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2372.
Abstract:
AbstractIn Japan, temporary pier structures are designed to withstand earthquakes in consideration of their short service life, and seismic inputs exceeding the design are also expected. In order to confirm the deformation behavior of the fuse mechanism in this temporary pier structure, a fundamental study was conducted using a model specimen. The strength test results showed that the fuse mechanism behaved similar to a rigid body, and then the mortar fuse failed. After the failure of the mortar fuse, the reaction force was generated by the addition of the residual bearing capacity of the mortar fuse and the reaction force of the coil spring. The dynamic loading test results showed that the CFT columns contacted the remaining portion of the fuse after the mortar fuse ruptured, temporarily increasing the maximum response acceleration to 35 m/s2, but the response period became longer, indicating the deformation behavior of the fuse mechanism. In addition, the maximum load of the mortar fuse mechanism and the natural period after the mortar fuse rupture were calculated from the design values of the mortar fuse strength and the spring constant of the coil spring.
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Dishon, Nadav. "Temporary Constitutional Amendments as a Means to Undermine the Democratic Order: Insights from the Israeli Experience." Israel Law Review 51, no. 3 (October 24, 2018): 389–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122371800016x.
Abstract:
This article focuses on the adoption of temporary measures within the generally rigid constitutional sphere. Commentators frequently contemplate the extent to which temporary constitutional measures are adequate and necessary within a constitution that is meant to be perpetuated. Some writers are in favour of temporary constitutionalism, claiming that it allows flexibility and relieves the counter-majoritarian problem. Others emphasise the devastating impact of intense implementation of temporary measures on the status and legitimacy of the constitution.The article contends that as beneficial as temporary constitutionalism may be in some circumstances, its use should be scrutinised with great suspicion, especially when it is employed in weak constitutional regimes. In outlining the history of temporary constitutionalism in the State of Israel, the article illustrates how temporary constitutional amendments can be harnessed to undermine the democratic order. The Israeli use of temporary constitutionalism since 2009 reveals a new under-explored manifestation of ‘abusive constitutionalism’, referred to here as ‘abusive temporary constitutionalism’. With abusive temporary constitutionalism, incumbents can entrench their power against their opponents while avoiding both public accountability and judicial review of their actions. Drawing on the Israeli experience, the article outlines several signifiers (i.e. distinctive markers) which will allow judges in the future to monitor and suppress the development of the abusive employment of temporary constitutional amendments.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Temporary measures":
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Salas, Villalobos Sergio. "Temporary Measures on the Merits Its uniqueness in the Peruvian procedural system and its necessary adequacy as a Self-Help Measure." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122529.
Abstract:
This article addresses the temporary measures on the merits, to the author this is a hybrid concept within the Peruvian procedural system. to explain this procedural notion, the author begins alluding to the differentiated tutelage and, within it, the self-help measures; then he refers to the procedural stage where the temporary measures on the merits should be placed and also makes a comparison between precautionary measures and self-help measures to conclude that the temporary measures on the merits must be treated as self-help measures.El presente artículo aborda las medidas temporales sobre el fondo, que para el autor es un concepto híbrido dentro del sistema procesal peruano. Para explicar esta noción procesal el autor empieza haciendo alusión a la tutela diferenciada y, dentro de ella, a las medidas autosatisfactivas; luego de ello, se refiere al escenario procesal donde deberían ubicarse las medidas temporales sobre el fondo y, además, hace una comparación entre las medidas cautelares y las medidasautosatisfactivas para concluir que las medidas temporales sobre el fondodeben asimilarse como medidas autosatisfactivas.
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Kusevski, Dragan. "(Un)exceptional Measures Against a Housing Crisis - A Study of Temporary Housing in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23121.
Abstract:
The lack of affordable housing has been a long-standing problem for many cities in Sweden, and the recent refugee crisis has only highlighted the difficulties for economically weaker constituencies to enter and sustain in the existing housing market. The pressing situation and a new law, obligating the municipalities to supply housing, forced the authorities to look for solutions. The thesis investigates the recent changes and use of one of these offered solutions – temporary housing permits. Using a qualitative approach, it tries to capture both the formative-discursive processes and the material outcomes of this measure, in order to understand what informs the decision and its possible implications. The study employs theoretical concepts from Giorgio Agamben’s theory on the ‘state of exception’, as I consider them important for the understanding of the processes. The interventions in the housing system are made possible only by declaring that the shortage of housing is in an ‘exceptional situation’, one that can only be resolved with irregular practices, exceptions from standard norm and regular procedures. A look into the legal-formative mechanisms and the materialization of the temporary housing permits is given. The thesis argues that a wider perspective is needed and tries to bring into the discussion the political and social aspects of using a measure like this one. Although conceptualized as a quick and temporary remedy, it is maintained that the utilization of temporary housing permits can potentially have harmful long-lasting effects on the understanding of housing provision, living standards, and planning processes. This suggests that authorities have to be careful when using exceptional measures and calls for a fundamental and systemic re-thinking of housing in general.
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Richards, J. D. W. "The allocation and effects of special employment measures : The case of the temporary employment subsidy and schemes operated by the Department of Industry." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353817.
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Vachey, Julien. "L'urgence et le contrôle juridictionnel des atteintes législatives aux droits fondamentaux. : Etude de droit processuel public interne et européen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0146.
Abstract:
Dans le cadre des recours juridictionnels d’urgence de protection provisoire des droits fondamentaux et dans celui des mécanismes de renvoi préalable, l’urgence peut elle se concilier avec le contrôle des lois ? L’étude se consacre dans un premier temps sur le contrôle des lois dans les recours d’urgence de protection provisoire des droits fondamentaux. Elle s’attache ensuite àl’analyse de la prise en compte de l’urgence dans les procédures d’examen des renvois par les juges ad quem. À l’opposé de réticences initiales, l’office du juge du provisoire s’ouvre à l’exercice du contrôle des lois. Aussi, l’on constate une sensibilité croissante des procédures de traitement des renvois aux situations urgentes d’atteintes législatives aux droits fondamentaux. En définitive, il y a lieu de soutenir la thèse selon laquelle le contentieux des lois peut non seulement s’accorder avec les situations d’urgence nous verrons comment mais aussi qu’il le doit nous verrons pourquoi -Can urgency be reconciled with legislative review in the context of emergency appeals for the provisional protection of fundamental rights and in the context of pre filing referral mechanisms ?The study first focuses on the legislative review in emergency appeals for the provisional protection of fundamental rights. It then considers how is urgency considered in the referral review procedures carried out by ad quem judges. Despite initial reluctance, the function of summary proceedings judge is opening to the exercise of legislative review. Thus, there is a growing sensitivity of the referral review procedures to urgent situations of legislative violations of fundamental rights. Eventually, there is ground for arguing that the legislative review not only can be adapted to urgent situations we shall see how but also must be we shall see why
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Verenich, Ilya. "Explainable predictive monitoring of temporal measures of business processes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/124037/1/Ilya_Verenich_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This thesis explores data-driven, predictive approaches to monitor business process performance. These approaches allow process stakeholders to prevent or mitigate potential performance issues or compliance violations in real time, as early as possible. To help users understand the rationale for the predictions and build trust in them, the thesis proposes two techniques for explainable predictive process monitoring: one based on deep learning, the other driven by process models. This is achieved by decomposing a prediction into its elementary components. The techniques are compared against state-of-the-art baselines and a trade-off between accuracy and explainability of the predictions is evaluated.
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Bonilha, Márcia Giangiacomo. "Medidas de urgência no âmbito recursal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8213.
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Marcia Giangiacomo Bonilha.pdf: 975948 bytes, checksum: f67947ac8cb2ff13d1654ee7530ac6bb (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-06-10This paper aims to study the urgency measures within the appeal sphere. The urgency measures are differentiated injunction; in other words, alternate injunctions to the common, ordinary procedure. Due to the rediscovery we have been experiencing pursuant to the relation of the procedural law with the material law, such measures have revealed themselves as increasingly important to the acclaimed effectiveness of the jurisdictional injunction, to the concrete execution of the material law; its performance is not restricted to the proceedings in the first level of jurisdiction. The preliminary injunction, the temporary injunction and the restraining orders in general constitute urgency measures, without any sort of prohibition so that any of them may be granted within the appeal sphere. There are express provisions in the legal text which regulate the granting of urgency measures within the appeal scope. Thus, in this work, both typical and atypical measures are treated, emphasizing that the judging entity is not a mere applier of the law, but a central figure in the judicial-procedural relation, holder of the power / duty to ensure that the jurisdictional injunction is in conformance with the sacred principles and values of our legal system
Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo das medidas de urgência no âmbito dos recursos. São as medidas de urgência tutelas diferenciadas, ou seja, tutelas alternativas ao procedimento comum, ordinário. Em virtude da redescoberta que se vive da relação do direito processual com o direito material, tais medidas têm se revelado cada vez mais importantes à aclamada efetividade da tutela jurisdicional, à realização concreta do direito material, não estando sua atuação restrita aos processos no primeiro grau de jurisdição. Do gênero medidas de urgência são espécies a tutela antecipada, a tutela cautelar e as medidas liminares em geral, não havendo vedação para que qualquer delas seja concedida em sede recursal. Há expressas previsões no texto legal para a concessão de medidas de urgência no âmbito recursal. Assim, neste trabalho, tratamos tanto das medidas típicas quanto daquelas atípicas, salientando que o órgão julgador não é um mero aplicador da lei, mas sim uma figura central da relação jurídico-processual, detentor do poder/dever de garantir que a tutela jurisdicional esteja em conformidade com os princípios e valores consagrados no nosso sistema jurídico
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Gao, Yang. "Mining Associations of Older Adults' Mobility and Sleep Data Measured via Passive Sensors." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28810.
Abstract:
The rapid growth of older population around the world increases the health care costs. The emergence of internet of things creates an opportunity for improved and cost-effective solution, by using technology to assist older people to live independently. In-home monitoring of the health and wellbeing of older adults using passive sensors, which do not interfere with daily activities, could improve the quality of life of older adults and also help care providers to better plan the required support.
In this thesis we explore the relation between sleep and mobility of older adults (65 aged or older), living at home and monitored in their natural living environment using non-invasive sensors, for a period of about 12 months. The sensor data was collected as part of a clinical trial Dementia and Aged Care Services (DACS) , the first study that continuously and objectively monitors sleep and mobility of older adults at home, over a long period of time. Our work focuses on three aspects.
First, we compare three automated measures of indoor mobility derived based on data from passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors (number of room transitions, number of sensor firings and transition duration), to find an alternative to the number of steps distance, which requires measuring the distance between pairs of sensors in advance. We found that the number of room transitions is highly correlated with the daily indoor distance regardless of the residents’ age, gender, cognition status or regular external visits. This measure could serve as an effective tool to monitor longitudinal daily changes in indoor step count and thus to better understand the health and wellbeing of home residents.
Second, we investigate the differences of sensor-measured sleep parameters (total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, time in bed, awakening counts and sleep efficiency) and next-day mobility of 36 participants. We use statistical testing to determine the differences between gender and age groups (70s, 80s and 90s). We then built a stepwise multivariate regression model for each participant to investigate the association between sleep parameters and the next-day indoor mobility. We found that there is a significant difference in sleep and mobility of older adults across gender and age groups and sleep efficiency is the key factor affecting the next-day mobility regardless of age and gender.
Third, we consider the sleep and mobility data of the 36 people as time series and transformed it into symbolic interval-based components representing trends and states. We developed a sleep-wake protocol to define temporal relations between temporal components in sleep and mobility time series, and incorporate the defined relations into an existing temporal association rule mining algorithm with adaption of algorithm parameters to discover rules in the form of time-interval related patterns. We defined a rule selection procedure based on quantitative evaluation metrics (vertical support, mean horizontal support, confidence and lift) to discover trend-to-trend and trend-to-state temporal association rules between mobility and sleep (total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, time in bed and sleep efficiency). Finally, we interpret 19 interesting rules by describing the trends and state between each sleep variable and mobility, and the correlations (either negative or positive) of the changes in temporal intervals of sleep and mobility. The rules reveal the order of occurrence of the interval components and the correlation between these components. Knowledge-driven clinical expert opinion is also given to evaluate some discovered rules.
Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of (i) the sleep patterns of community-dwelling older adults and how they affect physical functioning, and (ii) the temporal association between sleep and mobility. They can be used to improve the healthcare for older adults.
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Falk, Hampus. "Measure development and social media analysis using temporal text networks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393305.
Abstract:
The widespread social media usage generates an immense amount of data. Data which is highly beneficial to several domains whether monetary or research based. Various models exist to extract this data however analysis tend to be restrictive. The temporal text network model is a dynamic network model built upon the foundation of temporal networks. It provides text as a variable and considers messages passed between users while maintaining the time of transmission, making it suitable for social media analysis. No measures exist to perform this analysis, the objective of this thesis was therefore to develop measures to be used in the mapping of communicative behaviour on two Twitter datasets. The created measures conclude that communication is similar on Twitter no matter the domain observed. When further reducing the scope of a political dataset, information regarding the social media presence between parties and the localization of key questions was found.
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De, Jesus Alma Lorelei. "Urban ambient particles: Long-term spatio-temporal trends and impacts of different control measures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207786/1/Alma%20Lorelei_De%20Jesus_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This thesis is a quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal variability as well as trends of the particulate matter concentrations in the ambient urban air. The outcome provided a clear understanding on how the different metrics (particle number, particle mass and oxidative potential) were affected by mitigation measures and other important drivers such as emission sources and meteorological factors.
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Chukwusa, Emeka. "The impact of alternative distance measures and temporal variation in demand on location-allocation decisions." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32240.
Abstract:
The aim of the study was to explore the impact of spatio-temporal variations in demand and alternative-based GIS measures on location–allocation. Location-allocation models are mathematical formulations that seek to optimise facility locations (supply) in relation to the spatial distribution of demand and transport networks. However, there are a number of shortcomings to many location-allocation analyses applied to spatial planning. First, in most analyses the demands that are used as inputs to the models are static. Second, location-allocation models usually fail to incorporate demand trends and most analyses only use the most recent demand estimates. Third, distances separating supply and demand locations have been modelled as 3D, by incorporating variations in elevation or as 2D by assuming that the earth's surface is a continuous plane. This thesis addresses these shortcomings by investigating the impact of these factors on location-allocation decisions making based on different case studies. The first analysis explored the impact of short-term spatio-temporal variations through a case study of EMS location planning in Leicestershire. This was achieved by comparing a residential-based location model, which assumes that demand is static with an alternative location model – the travel-to-work model that incorporates dynamic changes in demand due to journey-to-work. The results of the analysis showed clear differences in both approach, in terms of selected locations, demand allocated to selected locations, Average Weighted Distance (AWD) and demand coverage. In the second analysis, the impact of the long-term spatio-temporal variations in demand was explored through a case study of deriving optimal locations for outreach clinics in Leicester. A trend-weighted approach that incorporates the trajectories of changes in demand was compared with the Non-trend weighted model - a traditional approach that ignores the changing demand trend. The results from the comparative analysis indicated that neglecting demand trend over time, consistently underestimates AWD to selected outreach clinic. This finding suggests that current and future access to outreach clinic may be underestimated, when trends in demand are ignored. Finally, the third analysis compared 2D and 3D distances based on a case study of finding optimal locations for EMS in the hilly areas of South Yorkshire and Sheffield. The results indicated that location-allocation results derived from 3D distance measures are not significantly different from results derived from 2D distance measures. Overall, the finding from the comparative analysis using simulated elevation surfaces, demonstrate that other factors such demand weight distributions and distribution of demand and supply locations influence the outcome of the P-median model. The study concluded that 3D distance is more suited for vehicle routing and allocation problems and siting of Automatic External Defiribilators (AEDs) in building interiors and therefore may not be suitable for location planning in the outdoor environment.
Books on the topic "Temporary measures":
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Michaels, Leigh. Temporary measures. Toronto: Harlequin Books, 1991.
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Michaels, Leigh. Temporary measures. Toronto: Harlequin Books, 1991.
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Michaels, Leigh. Temporary measures. Toronto: Harlequin Books, 1991.
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Michaels, Leigh. Temporary measures. Richmond, Surrey: Mills & Boon, 1994.
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ADMINISTRATION, FEDERAL AVIATION. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs). [Washington, D.C.] (800 Independence Ave., S.W. Washington 20591): U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 1997.
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Kahn, Shulamit. Changes in large companies' use of temporary workers and their impacts on financial measures of performance. [Ottawa: Human Resources Development Canada, 1996.
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Sicking, Dean. Deflection limits for temporary concrete barriers. Lincoln, Neb: Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Lincoln-Nebraska, 2002.
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IEEE Power Engineering Society. Substation Committee., ed. IEEE guide for temporary protective grounding systems used in substations. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1997.
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Griffith, Andrew. Evaluation of arrow panel displays for temporary work zones. Salem, Or: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Group, 2001.
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Clark, Lesley. Utilising temporary special measures to promote gender balance in Pacific legislatures: A guide to options. Suva: UNDP Pacific Centre, 2008.
Book chapters on the topic "Temporary measures":
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Blanchette, Alex. "Afterword: Temporary Measures." In Beyond Global Food Supply Chains, 165–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3155-0_13.
Abstract:
AbstractThe disruptions that wracked food supply chains amid the COVID-19 pandemic were not exceptional circumstances so much as they were events that intensified and clarified the routine norms of a capitalist system of sustenance that operates in a state of permanent emergency. The capitalist food system is one that develops through temporary measures—acts that seek to patch structural weaknesses before they explode in ways that could destabilize the system itself. Looking via the lens of US animal agriculture, this concluding chapter asks if viewing the food system in this way might open up alternative ways of thinking about political agency in times of mundane crisis, highlighting the messy contingencies of capitalism’s own persistent efforts to foreclose the realizations of other, fuller visions of nourishment.
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Addis, Adeno. "Special Temporary Measures and the Norm of Equality." In Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 311–30. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-060-2_12.
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Frey, Harald, Barbara Laa, and Ulrich Leth. "Pop-Up Bike Lanes and Temporary Shared Spaces in Vienna During the COVID-19 Pandemic." In The Urban Book Series, 139–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45308-3_7.
Abstract:
AbstractSimilar to many cities, Vienna (Austria) implemented measures to provide more space for pedestrians and cyclists during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, the implementation process of the temporary shared spaces and “pop-up” bike lanes is described, and the evaluation results regarding their usage as well as the political decisions of their early removal are presented. With video recordings and manual counting, we found that pop-up bike lanes were well adopted by cyclists, but temporary shared spaces have largely failed to attract pedestrians. The possible reasons are discussed as well as the criteria for better implementation of temporary walking and cycling infrastructure in the future. Drawing on the multiple streams theory, we link the decision of suspending all temporary infrastructures to the political situation at the time with pop-up bike lanes as a highly controversial issue before the local elections in October 2020 and a change of government afterward. We conclude that this presents a lost opportunity to permanently redistribute road space for active mobility, but future initiatives could learn from the Vienna case by thinking more strategically about political aspects.
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Brownlee, Timothy Daniel. "Temporary Climate Change Adaptation: 5 Measures for Outdoor Spaces of the Mid-Adriatic City." In The Urban Book Series, 801–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_71.
Abstract:
AbstractThe paper aims to identify a set of systemic measures that, through the temporary use of devices, space configurators, and installations, is capable of responding promptly to the vulnerability factors of a given outdoor space, flanking adaptation plans which require time to be assimilated into ordinary territory management tools. Based on the INTERREG Italy-Croatia Joint_SECAP project data of 9 target areas located on the two sides of the Adriatic Sea the document refers to a reference framework on risks and vulnerabilities of urban coastal areas and recurring climatic events. From a case studies analysis, built on climate hazards and on outdoor space configurations, the paper extracts replicability features and attempts to propose feasible models based on reversible and reconfigurable matrices that can be exported into contexts with similar characteristics. It follows that a technological design sensitivity capable of enhancing elastic spatial setups must be consolidated in order to address the needs of a specific outdoor space, during a climatic—or non-climatic—event, assuming that the city is a continuously evolving organism, with an in-grown ability to accommodate the variability of events.
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Paulhiac Scherrer, Florence. "Temporary Urbanism in Pandemic Times—Disruption and Continuity of Public Action in Montreal." In The Urban Book Series, 113–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45308-3_6.
Abstract:
AbstractFaced with the COVID-19 pandemic, the City of Montreal and its boroughs quickly deployed temporary facilities aimed at sharing public space and promoting active mobility (cycling and walking). This so-called strategy of “temporary urbanism” is common to North American cities from the spring of 2020. Several inventories of such measures demonstrate this. However, few of these databases open up the black box of the decision-making processes and levers that the actors have implemented to deploy this urbanism. Thus, the chapter is devoted to these processes, explaining the Montreal case in detail. It reveals the main characteristics of Montreal’s public action. As such, it highlights the local particularities of it, considered at the same time as agile, a source of numerous conflicts but also very adaptative. To conclude, we emphasize on two dimensions. First, the pandemic demonstrates that Montreal public actors had resources to respond to the crisis, rooted in action routines but also in a capacity for innovation. Secondly, that this incremental dimension of temporary urbanism is now considered by public actors as an opportunity to implement sustainable changes, in the longer term, through the deployment of a “transitory urbanism”.
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Wen, Zitong, Jian Zhou, Jing Dong, and Chizhi Zhang. "Improvement Measures for Structure System Conversions Caused by Utilising SPMTs to Lift Trusses." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 11–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_2.
Abstract:
AbstractSince the demand for accelerated construction is increasing these years, much attention has been paid to accelerated bridge construction (ABC) methods. The self-propelled modular transporters (SPMTs) are widely utilised in the ABC method as a versatile transport carrier. However, since the limitation of the SPMTs method, several structural system conversions will happen during truss installation, and tensile stress will potentially appear at the upper chord of the truss. Moreover, it is worth noticing the dynamic effects caused by utilising SPMTs to lift the truss can enlarge the impact of tensile stress. As one type of prestressing, beams prestressed with external tendons can effectively reduce the tensile stress. In order to reduce the impact of cracks caused by tensile stress, the feasibility of adopting temporary external pre-stressing tendons is discussed combined with the simulation results of MIDAS in this research.
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Widmer, Hannah, Noëlle Guinard, and Patrick Rérat. "Tactical Urbanism to Develop Cycling Infrastructures: The Implementation of COVID Cycle Lanes in Switzerland." In The Urban Book Series, 89–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45308-3_5.
Abstract:
AbstractAfter the first COVID-19 wave, the end of the first lockdown represented a window of opportunity to develop vélomobility and to reallocate car space. In this context, Geneva and Lausanne implemented new, pop-up cycle infrastructures that came to be known as ‘COVID cycle lanes’. While such processes were time-specific, local authorities seem to have learned new ways of intervening and experimenting with public spaces in terms of temporary urbanism. It is worth noting, however, that most other Swiss cities did not take such measures. First, this chapter analyses how and why Geneva and Lausanne played tactically with the legal framework in order to implement COVID cycle lanes. We identify the conditions that made such measures possible (urgency, the low quality of existing cycling infrastructures, ‘political champions’, and a desire to develop cycling). We then turn to the way the new cycle lanes were received, including oppositions (mainly from right-wing conservative milieus, car lobbyists, and retailers). Finally, we analyse the reasons for which other cities—such as Lucerne and Zurich—did not implement such measures, despite demands from some local organizations and politicians.
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Totokotsi, Anastasia, Vagia Topouzli, Georgios Palantzas, and Dimitrios Nalmpantis. "Evaluation of Temporary Mobility Measures Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the City of Thessaloniki, Greece." In Smart Energy for Smart Transport, 741–50. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23721-8_63.
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Balas, Robert, and Grzegorz Pochwatko. "Learning Affective Responses Through Evaluative Conditioning - New Developments in Affective Computing." In Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence, 259–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11432-8_26.
Abstract:
AbstractIn affective computing, the system should accurately read the user’s emotional states and respond to them adequately. It can also influence the user while having information about his temporary affective state. A vital psychological mechanism that refers to changes in affective responses due to simple pairings of stimuli is the evaluative conditioning (EC). Such form of learning might be of great importance in human-machine interactions, since such interactions are becoming a vital element of social relations that are construed, maintained, and ended via various artificial systems. In our studies, we investigated how physiological arousal moderates affective learning. Previous research showed arousal to play an important role in evaluative conditioning. However, those were declarative measures of self-assessed arousal levels. We used physiological measures of arousal and affect to show only moderate levels of arousal might support learning of affective responses. We discuss how our findings translate to the influence of artificial tools on social relations and attitudes. We also try to indicate a significant direction in the development of affective computing.
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Hotori, Eiji, Mikael Wendschlag, and Thibaud Giddey. "Germany: Financial Crises and Formalization of Banking Supervision." In Formalization of Banking Supervision, 77–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6783-1_5.
Abstract:
AbstractIn Germany, the banking supervision formalized as a consequence of the severe banking crises of the early 1930s, just as in many other countries on the European continent. The formalization process was initiated with the decisions to temporarily take over some of the large commercial banks that faced default in the banking crisis in 1931. Due to the extended loans and direct ownership stakes, the government established a board to look after its interests. The “temporary” measures were made permanent by the Nazi-government as one of several institutional and organizational means to have banks accommodate the economic policies of the regime. All three elements of banking supervision formalization (regulation, a supervisor, and supervision) were in place by the mid-1930s. However, given the very high level of control over the banks at the time, it is misleading to date the emergence of formal banking supervision to this time. During the occupation years, the banking supervision (in West-Germany) was organized at the state-level, similar to the US system. We date the full formalization after the Second World War when the German central government's control over the banking sector ended.
Conference papers on the topic "Temporary measures":
1
Liu, Weidong, Zhao Wang, LeiLei Liu, and Kuan Zhang. "Access Time and Safety Benefit Analysis of Additional Temporary Water Injection Measures on Primary After the Fukushima." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-91957.
Abstract:
Abstract After the Fukushima nuclear accident, National Nuclear Safety Administration carried out plant inspection nuclear safety on the nuclear plant in operation and under construction, and put forward improvement requirements for each nuclear power plant according to the inspection results. One of the improvement actions was to add temporary water injection measures on the primary side. At present, all power plants have plant requested to add mobile pumps and related water supply pipelines and operating procedures. By summarizing the calculation cases of plant, which selected representative accident sequences for deterministic analysis in the past, this paper determines the effect of implementing temporary water injection measures in primary circuit on accident mitigation at different times, and the results can provide time suggestions for the preparation of mobile equipment in plant. At the same time, the safety benefits after implementing temporary water injection measures in primary circuit in plant are analyzed by using probability analysis method. Based on the analysis of deterministic and probability theory, and considering the preparation time of accessing mobile equipments, it is considered that 4 hours is a reasonable access time for mobile equipments under SBO accident conditions. In the actual access process, this time can ensure that operators have a more suitable time to complete the preparation work of mobile equipments in operation, and at the same time contribute to the reduction of large release frequency. At the same time, it should be noted that at present, the contribution of implementing temporary water injection measures on the primary side under SBO accident is mainly analyzed. In fact, some accident situations with slow development except SBO accident also have great access possibility, so the actual safety benefits of temporary water injection measures on the primary circuit may be more.
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Smolková, Simona, and Jakub Dzimko. "Inštitút neodkladného opatrenia v civilnom procese." In Naděje právní vědy 2022. University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.nadeje.2022.618-629.
Abstract:
The institution of an urgent measure is a rapid, efficient and effective instrument for protecting the personal rights of the claimant (in litigation proceedings) or the plaintiff (in non-contentious proceedings) whose subjective rights are violated or threatened. In the present paper, the authors provide an analysis of the institution of urgent measures and a comparison of the differences between urgent measures ordered in contentious and non-contentious proceedings, emphasising the relationship between those mentioned above civil procedural codes. However, the authors also do not omit the prerequisites or conditions for ordering an interim measure and the court‘s procedural procedure when deciding whether or not to call a temporary measure.
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Baltrukova, T. B., N. A. Kozhukhova, and D. V. Arefjeva. "EMPLOYEES OF NUCLEAR SHIP REPAIR ENTERPRISES HEALTH PRESERVATION PREVENTIVE MEASURES SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT DIRECTIONS." In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-51-55.
Abstract:
The specifics of the repair of nuclear facilities of marine equipment are determined by the technical condition and conditions of the previous operation of each repaired object. 52 In the course of work, unforeseen situations may occur that require non-standard decisions. The impact on personnel of increased levels of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors can lead to an increase in morbidity, an increase in the level of labor loss, a reduction in labor productivity and professional longevity of qualified specialists, which will significantly reduce the potential of the workforce of strategic industrial enterprises. The purpose of the study: to substantiate the directions of improving the system of preventive measures to preserve the health of employees of nuclear ship repair enterprises. Materials and methods: the analysis of working conditions, a retrospective analysis of occupational morbidity and morbidity with temporary disability, identified medical contraindications for the admission of personnel of a large nuclear ship repair enterprise to work under the influence of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors. Results: It is established that the personnel of the enterprise are exposed to the combined effects of production factors of physical (including ionizing radiation) and chemical nature. Professional activity in these conditions causes morbidity with temporary disability mainly among specialists of the main professions. It has been established that the structure of occupational morbidity is represented by the following nosologies: occupational sensorineural hearing loss, vibration disease, diseases of the peripheral nervous system and musculoskeletal system. The structure of the main medical contraindications that were the reasons for the removal of personnel from work under the influence of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors is determined. Conclusion: based on the analysis of the results of the study, directions for improving preventive measures are proposed.
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Vodanović, Darija. "TEMPORARY REGULATION OF COMPETITION AND CORONAVIRUS." In International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times): Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18833.
Abstract:
Competition law as one of the foundations of a market economy whose main purpose is to ensure an equal position of entrepreneurs in the market, regardless of the size, market power and other features of the implied system of state aid both at central and local and regional level. The aim and purpose of this research is a clear and tentative way of pointing out the importance of competition in relation to coronavirus. In order to achieve this goal, the paper seeks to provide scientifically based answers to a number of current issues, starting from detention from the definitions of competition and coronavirus. In addition to the above, it is necessary to consider how this disease affected entrepreneurship, which had positive and negative consequences. In addition, it is important to note that it has left a significant impact on our mental health. The main results of the research point to the fact that the coronavirus as a global, economic and health crisis suddenly caught us all overnight and as such changed our lives. In addition to greatly affecting the economy, there is also a blow to the company. In case of suspicion of infection, the obligation to call a doctor, ie a territorially competent epidemiologist, and the obligation to go to an outpatient clinic are determined as a preventive measure. In this paper, qualitative research in correlation with quantitative research was used. Starting from the fact that quantitative research is based on the description of individual conditions, ie the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships, the paper in a representative way seeks to simplify the concept of competition as the driving force of a market economy that entails many benefits consumer choice, innovation. In addition, considering the coronavirus from a quantitative point of view, it is manifested in how the coronavirus as a new strain of virus, discovered in humans, 'stirred' the whole world as such forced people to care about their health and the health of our loved ones. Also, an obligation to adhere to epidemiological measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection has been introduced. Qualitative research, as a term used to describe research that focuses on the way individuals and groups view and understand the world, also has a significant impact on this work, primarily because it considers how the pandemic affected the health of people interacting with each other.
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Anishchenko, E. B., L. V. Trankovskaya, and A. A. Vazhenina. "SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE FOR MEASURES ON PROTECTION OF HEALTH OF EMPLOYEES OF RAILWAY SECURITY FORCE WORKERS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-21-24.
Abstract:
Abstract: Abstract: In the course of a complex study of working conditions, health status and factors forming it, of employees of the railway security force workers (RSFW), at shooters and service canine handlers revealed a high level of occupational health risk. The levels of incidence rates with temporary disability had an average and above average grade of assessment. A high degree of occupational conditioning of respiratory diseases (class X of ICD - 10) was established. The results obtained made it possible to scientifically substantiate and develop a multi-level interdepartmental program for improving working conditions and preventing health disorders.
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Le Trung, Hieu. "SOME GEO-ECOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNDERGROUND METRO IN VIETNAM." In Всероссийская научная конференция, посвященная памяти доктора технических наук, профессора Александра Дмитриевича Потапова. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" (НИУ МГСУ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/978-5-7264-2875-8.2021.94-98.
Abstract:
In Vietnam, traffic in big cities is becoming extremely relevant and complex. Every year, the state spends thousands of billions of VND on repairing and improving the road system, as well as on taking measures to reduce traffic congestion: measures to ban vehicles, reduce vehicle traffic, restrict the entry of foreign vehicles into the city, restrict motorcycle traffic, ban cars an hour peak, temporary deviation, construction of flyovers at intersections, etc.
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Urbans, Mihails, Jelena Malahova, and Vladimirs Jemeļjanovs. "Compliance of fire safety measures for accommodation of people in Riga schools." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.027.
Abstract:
This article describes the situation with fire safety at Riga schools regarding their compliance with the fire safety requirements set in Latvia for accommodation of people in schools. The objective of the current paper was to research and evaluate the compliance with the requirements of regulatory enactments regarding the accommodation in Riga schools and analyse the actual fire safety situation during accommodation of participants of the Dance and Song Festivals in Riga schools. The research was conducted in spring of 2018, prior to the Dance and Song Festival, assessing the compliance of 60 accommodation sites with the Latvian regulatory enactments on fire safety. During the Dance and Song Festival, it was planned to organise accommodation places in schools for 24 000 persons – participants of the festival events in the city of Riga. Ensuring fire safety at public facilities is a topical issue for any country, since the fulfilment of fire safety requirements is important not only in cases, when school premises are intended to be used for temporary accommodation of participants of the Dance and Song Festivals for a period not exceeding a week, but also in cases when children have to stay in school premises every day to receive the knowledge they will need in their future lives and the fulfilment of fire safety regulations is an important condition for providing the overall safety.
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Zdravkovska, Andrea. "URGENT AND TEMPORARY MEASURES FOR PROTECTION FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND THEIR EXPECTED EFFICIENCY IN CONDITIONS OF THE COVID 19 CRISIS." In "Social Changes in the Global World". Универзитет „Гоце Делчев“ - Штип, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/scgw21272z.
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Mohammad, Anas Ahmad, Deepti Muley, Mohammad Shareef Ghanim, and Mohamed Bin Mokhtar Kharbeche. "COVID-19 Preventive Measures & their Impact on Traffic Demand & Safety." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0302.
Abstract:
COVID-19 has affected the mobility of people significantly due to movement restrictions imposed by government authorities to control the spread of the pandemic. The staged movement restrictions that have been implemented by the government authorities to curb the spread of the disease included the closure of educational institutions and adopt online-based education, restrict commercial activities, and reducing the number of employees at the workplace. This paper presents the impact of these mitigation policies on the traffic volumes, the number of traffic violations, and the number of crashes in the State of Qatar. The hourly distribution of traffic volume showed similar trends before and after the implementation of these policies. Overall, the total traffic decreased by 30% compared to baseline conditions for all selected intersections as well as the Central Business District (CBD) screenline after the implementation of all measures. From the safety perspective, the total traffic violations decreased by 73% in April and May when the restrictions due to all three policies were imposed. During the same time, a decrease of 42% to 54%, 20% to 54%, and around 36% was observed for traffic crashes involving deaths, major loss, and minor damages respectively. Similarly, the total traffic crashes declined by 37% when complete restrictions were in place and COVID-19 was in peak stage. The results of this study will help policymakers and planners to plan/manage the traffic operations in the future during any emergencies. The results can be applied also while managing traffic during the post-Covid era, special and mega-events for temporary traffic management based on real-life data.
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Stefanova, Ira G., and Mayia D. Mateeva. "Experience in Upgrading of Novi Han Repository." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1162.
Abstract:
Abstract Novi Han Repository is the only existing repository in Bulgaria for the disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear applications in industry, medicine and research. The repository was constructed in the early sixties according to the existing requirements. It was operated by the Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy for more than thirty years without any accident or release of radioactivity to the environment, but without any investment for upgrading. As a consequence, the Bulgarian Nuclear Safety Authority temporarily stopped the operation of the repository in 1994. The measures for upgrading Novi Han Repository, supported by the IAEA with TC Project BUL/4/005 “Increasing Safety of Novi Han Repository”, are presented in this paper. They consist of: assessment of radionuclide inventory and future waste arisings, characterization of disposal vaults, characterization of the site, safety assessment, upgrading of the monitoring system, option study for the selection of treatment and conditioning processes and the development of a conceptual design for low and intermediate level waste processing and storage facility, immediate measures for improvement of the existing disposal vaults and infrastructure, and construction of above-ground temporary storage structures. The outstanding activities for re-opening of the Novi Han Repository and implementation of the measures for reconstruction of the Novi Han Repository are discussed.
Reports on the topic "Temporary measures":
1
Doorley, Karina, Luke Duggan, Agathe Simon, and Dora Tuda. Distributional impact of tax and welfare policies: Budget 2024. ESRI, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/qec2023win_sa_doorley.
Abstract:
In this Special Article we analyse the distributional impact of Budget 2024. Similar to last year, many reforms in this budget were temporary measures specifically aimed at combatting cost of living pressures. Compared to a baseline pegged to wage growth, we estimate that Budget 2024 will leave households across the income distribution better off, by 2.1 per cent of disposable income on average. The lowest income quintile of households experience the largest relative gain (5-6 per cent of disposable income) but the lowest cash gain (€13-€17 per week). Much of the income gain is driven by temporary measures, although there are above-wage-growth increases to many permanent parameters of the tax-benefit system too. We show that from 2020 to 2024, permanent changes to the tax and welfare system have resulted in small average income losses (-0.5 per cent of disposable income) compared to policy changes pegged to wage growth. We suggest that policymakers should move away from the use of temporary measures to compensate households for rising prices and should consider the adequacy of welfare payments to provide an appropriate standard of living at current market prices.
2
García Martínez, Fernando, and Matías Pacce. The Spanish electricity sector in the face of rising gas prices and the Goverment measures rolled out in response. Madrid: Banco de España, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/34832.
Abstract:
The increase in electricity prices, which peaked in August 2022, has affected the various activities carried out in the Spanish electricity sector differently. This paper analyses the impact of this increase on the sector, distinguishing between electric power companies and electricity retailers, paying special attention to their operating profit and, particularly, to the influence of aspects such as (i) the incidence of forward contracts with a fixed price, (ii) asymmetric exposure to price increases in wholesale electricity markets, or (iii) belonging to vertically integrated groups, in the case of electricity retailers. The effect on the sector of the measures rolled out by the authorities to mitigate the impact of higher electricity costs on households and companies in Spain is also analysed. Of note among these measures are the Iberian Exception (a mechanism to cap the cost of the gas used in electricity generation) and the temporary deduction of the so-called excess remuneration arising from higher gas prices. Lastly, this paper studies the impact of the extraordinary temporary levy that energy companies must pay on net turnover for 2022 and 2023.
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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, Gerald A. Evans, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2020.01.05.1.0.
Abstract:
Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19.
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Warman, Hart, and Francini. CEPA-05-44R1 Pipeline Surface Loading Screening Process and Assessment of Surface Load Dispersing Methods. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011080.
Abstract:
This effort evaluates methods used to calculate loads on pipelines including API 1102, especially with respect to shallow cover situations. The effort focus on the feasibility oa a phased analysis approach that would eliminate the need to perform detailed calculations in many cases. It also addressed using various temporary load-spreading measures and other mitigation techniques to identify which methods are the most effective.
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Bertoni, Eleonora, Gregory Elacqua, Carolina Méndez, and Humberto Santos. Teacher Hiring Instruments and Teacher Value Added: Evidence from Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003123.
Abstract:
In this article, we explore whether the evaluation instruments used to recruit teachers in the national teacher hiring process in Peru are good predictors of teacher effectiveness. To this end, we estimate teacher value-added (TVA) measures for public primary school teachers in 2018 and test for their correlation with the results of the 2015 and 2017 national evaluations. Our findings indicate that among the three sub-tests that comprise the first, centralized stage of the process, the curricular and pedagogical knowledge component has the strongest (and significant) correlation with the TVA measure, while the weakest correlation is found with the reading comprehension component. At the second, decentralized stage, we find no significant correlation with our measures of TVA for math, as well as non-robust correlations for the professional experience and classroom observation evaluation instruments. A positive and significant correlation is found between the classroom observation component and TVA for reading. Moreover, we find correlations between our measure of TVA and several teacher characteristics: TVA is higher for female teachers and for those at higher salary levels while it is lower for teachers with temporary contracts (compared to those with permanent positions).
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Huijser, M. P., Robert J. Ament, M. Bell, A. P. Clevenger, E. R. Fairbank, K. E. Gunson, and T. McGuire. Animal Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity Pooled Fund Study – Literature Review. Nevada Department of Transportation, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2021.12.
Abstract:
This report contains a summary of past research and new knowledge about the effectiveness of mitigation measures aimed at reducing animal-vehicle collisions and at providing safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. The measures are aimed at terrestrial large bodied wild mammal species, free roaming large livestock species (e.g. cattle, horses), free roaming large feral species (e.g. “wild” horses and burros), and small animal species (amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals). While mitigation is common, it is best to follow a three-step approach: avoidance, mitigation, and compensation or “off-site” mitigation. If reducing collisions with large wild mammals is the only objective, the most effective measures include roadside animal detection systems, wildlife culling, wildlife relocation, anti-fertility treatments, wildlife barriers (fences),and wildlife fences in combination with wildlife crossing structures. If the objectives also include maintaining or improving connectivity for large wild mammals, then wildlife barriers (fences) in combination with wildlife crossing structures are most effective. Measures for large domestic mammal species are largely similar, though for free roaming livestock there are legal, moral and ethical issues. For small animal species, temporary or permanent road closure and road removal are sometimes implemented, but barriers in combination with crossing structures are the most common.
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Akalu, Mulugeta, Misganaw Gashaw, and Zerihun Asegid. The Tax Response to COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Lessons for the Future. Institute of Development Studies, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.002.
Abstract:
The government of Ethiopia, like other governments, has provided tax response measures in order to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19. These measures, among others, include a waiver of outstanding tax liabilities that taxpayers owe to the government; a tax amnesty or relief on interest and penalties for tax debt; and an extension of filing and tax payment deadlines. These tax measures were adopted with the purposes of helping affected businesses, to keep employees at work, to stimulate the economy and to reduce COVID-19 infections. To be effective, tax relief measures should have been targeted, temporary, speedy, abuse resistant, cost recoverable, predictable, reversible, scalable, easy to administer, resilient to health measures, and adapted to the specific needs of Ethiopia. The strong sides of the Ethiopian tax responses are their speedy nature and the fact that they consider the revenue space and address the status of the poor. The challenges observed on the design and enforcement of the tax measures include lack of adequate targeting, lack of prior assessment, administrative uneasiness, lack of records on the revenue loss, absence of monitoring and evaluation, and that they unfairly benefitted those who failed to comply with their tax duties. Prior assessment, targeted support, convenient response administration, coordination among the government organs, the need for the tax responses to be free from discrimination, the need for appropriate data recording, fair dispute settlement procedures and the need for a permanent disaster response department are suggested for similar incidents in the future.
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Grijalva, Diego F., Carlos Uribe-Terán, and Iván Gachet. The Contractionary Effects of Protectionist Trade Policy in a Dollarized Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005501.
Abstract:
This study analyzes the firm-level impacts of temporary safeguard import tariffs implemented in Ecuador from 2015 to 2017. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology, we explore the policy's effects on a unique dataset combining firm- and product-level data. We focus on the direct effects on importing firms and indirect effects through the value chain. The analysis shows that, while the safeguards significantly reduced imports, they also resulted in short-run negative scale effects on firms. These include reduced sales, employment, labor costs, and material costs, without positive impacts on local firms in import-competing industries. Overall, our findings suggest a contractionary effect of protectionist policies, particularly in a dollarized economy highlighting the complex implications of trade measures on firm performance and economic sectors.
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Murphy, Keire, and Anne Sheridan. Annual report on migration and asylum 2022: Ireland. ESRI, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat124.
Abstract:
Annual Report on Migration and Asylum gives overview of statistics and developments in migration in 2022. The European Migration Network (EMN) Ireland within the ESRI has published its annual review of migration and asylum in Ireland. The EMN is an EU network that provides objective, comparable policy-relevant information on migration and international protection. EMN Ireland is located in the ESRI and is funded by the European Union and the Department of Justice. With an overview of the latest data as well as policy and operational developments, research, and case law from 2022, this report is a comprehensive reference that gives an opportunity to view the entire migration landscape in Ireland. The report shows that many forms of migration are recovering quickly from COVID-19 travel restrictions. It also shows that migration is being impacted by shortages in the labour market and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As a result of these developments and others, Ireland saw a significant increase in immigration, with 141,600 people arriving in the year leading up to April 2023, according to CSO figures. This represents a 31% increase from the year to April 2022. However, emigration also increased, with 64,000 individuals leaving Ireland during the same period, marking a 14% increase from the previous year. 2022 saw a significant increase in first residence permits (which are granted to migrants from outside the EEA) from 2021. 85,793 permits were issued in 2022, with education the most common reason for permits (48%). Partially reflecting changes to eligible occupations for employment permits, the number of employment permits issued was the highest in the last 10 years. 39,995 employment permits were issued, with the information and communication sector the largest recipient of permits. Key developments in this area highlighted by the report include discussions on and progress with the Employment Permits Bill, changes to the Atypical Working Scheme, plans for a single application procedure for employment permits and immigration permissions, and changes to employment permits occupation lists to respond to labour market shortages. The report analyses international protection, showing significant increases in international protection applications as well as details of applications, decisions made, and statuses awarded. It shows an expansion of decision-making in response to increased applications. Looking at the broader EU situation, the report shows that applications for international protection in Ireland accounted for 1.3% of the EU total in 2022. The report also details the pressure on the reception and accommodation system for international protection applicants and beneficiaries of temporary protection, as well as the extraordinary measures taken to scale these up. It highlights measures taken to implement the White Paper to End Direct Provision and informs on a review of timelines of the plan. It discusses changes made by the International Protection Office to speed up processing, and criticism of these measures by NGOs, as well as details of the regularisation scheme for undocumented migrants and the humanitarian admission of Afghans. The Temporary Protection Directive – an EU Directive that creates an exceptional measure to provide immediate and temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons – was triggered for the first time in March 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As a result, the report includes a dedicated chapter with statistics relating to arrivals and a detailed overview of Ireland’s response to displaced persons from Ukraine. It also gives a comprehensive overview of other areas of migration, as well as research and case law from 2022, providing a crucial reference text for anyone working in the area.
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Marcel, Mario. Structural Fiscal Balances: Methodological, Conceptual, and Practical Alternatives. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006958.
Abstract:
This paper discusses the merits of alternative definitions of the structural budget in the context of their use in the design and implementation of fiscal rules. To this end, the paper argues that there are three different purposes behind the notion of a structural budget balance: (a) separating permanent from temporary fiscal changes, (b) separating the cyclical from noncyclical components, and (c) separating discretionary from non-discretionary changes. This could lead to the interpretation of the structural budget balance as a permanent balance, a cyclically-adjusted balance, or a discretionary balance, respectively. The paper identifies and measures the items that differentiate the three concepts, and assesses each one on the basis on their analytical soundness, their methodological requirements, their empirical feasibility, and their usefulness as the basis of a fiscal rule.