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Journal articles on the topic 'Temporary labour migration'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Panda, Shilpi Smita, and Nihar Ranjan Mishra. "Factors affecting temporary labour migration for seasonal work: a review." Management Research Review 41, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 1176–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-04-2017-0104.

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Purpose Seasonal labour migration is a common form of temporary migration where the work of the migrant labour depends on seasonal conditions and is performed only during that period of year. This paper aims to identify the factors and subfactors of temporary labour migration from the existing literature. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an extensive review of the literature on temporary labour migration. Studies done from 1990 to 2016 were considered for review. The literatures from research articles, book chapters, working papers, conference papers and field-based project reports from various disciplines, like economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology and management studies were reviewed for critically analysing various factors affecting seasonal labour migration. Findings A total of five key factors and 60 subfactors of temporary labour migration were documented from previous studies. The findings of the study are organized under five thematic segments: economic factors, social factors, environmental factors, policy-related factors and psychological factors New aspects of seasonal migration were identified such as “role of labour contractors ”, “inter-generational mobility”, “social networks”, “grassroot politics”, “migrant’s relationship with the agents”, “labour registration process”, “market intervention” and “civil society intervention” after consultation with the subject experts and field study. Research limitations/implications The paper restricts itself to include aspects of temporary labour migration. Only the factors and subfactors affecting temporary migration are taken into purview. Further the findings of the paper can be empirically tested to know the significance of each factor and subfactor. Practical implications The paper has implications for better understanding of the temporary labour migration process in different context by focussing extensively on the factors of migration. The factors identified can be empirically tested in regional and local context, which would provide effective insights for policy formulation for the welfare and protection of the migrant workers. Originality/value The paper fulfils an identified need to provide a holistic review for understanding and documenting various factors and subfactors that affect the process of temporary labour migration.

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2

Rosewarne, Stuart. "Globalisation and the Commodification of Labour: Temporary Labour Migration." Economic and Labour Relations Review 20, no. 2 (July 2010): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530461002000207.

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3

Knerr, Beatrice. "Methods for Assessing the Impact of Temporary Labour Emigration." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (December 1, 1992): 1207–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.1207-1239.

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Over the last three decades temporary emigration I of labour force has gained considerable importance for the economic development of many labour-rich and capital-short countries. As most of these countries have little influence on the volume, timing, and structure of their migrating labour· force, labour outflow, fluctuating remittances, and remigration often result in external shocks on their vulnerable economies. Given the strong influence which labour emigration bears on key macro-economic aggregates and on the well-being of the population, its integration into the overall development planning is a sine qua non for sound economic strategies of the source countries. As a rule, however, migration policy largely consists of trial and ~rror reactions to already on-going developments. Over the last years, much empirical research effort has been devoted to the impact of labour migration on sending regions. Most of it is based on micro-level surveys, and on descriptions of economic changes which have occurred over a migration boom, without exact specification of causal relationships. The deduction of macro-economic changes from observed household behaviour is difficult and implies much speculation, yet. Therefore, maximizing the economic benefits from labour migration for the source country requires the application of quantitative methods based on macro models which can be used for assessing its impact and for stimulating alternative policy strategies considered for accompanying the process. The paper presents four methods which seem appropriate for that purpose, namely partial sectoral analysis by regression computations, cost-benefit analysis, social accounting matrices, and computable general equilibrium models. It considers their respective advantages for different ends, questions, and policy goals, and explains their data requirements.

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4

Zapata-Barrero, Ricard, Rocío Faúndez García, and Elena Sánchez-Montijano. "Circular Temporary Labour Migration: Reassessing Established Public Policies." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (September 16, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/498158.

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Circular Temporary Labour Migration (CTLM) is being promoted as an innovative and viable way of regulating the flow of labour migrants. Based on a specific empirical case study, we identify an unexpected outcome of CTLM programmes: the emergence of a new empirical migrant category, the circular labour migrant, which is as yet theoretically unnamed and lacks recognition by public institutions. We argue that, to date, there have been two historical phases of circular labour migration: one with total deregulation and another with partial regulation, involving private actors supported by public institutions. In a developed welfare state context, it would be normatively pertinent to expect a step towards a third phase, involving the institutionalization of this new trend in mobility by the formulation of a public policy. Current legal, political, social, and economic frameworks have to be reassessed in order to recognise the category of the circular labour migrant.

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5

Smith, Adrian A. "Temporary Labour Migration and the “Ceremony of Innocence” of Postwar Labour Law: Confronting “the South of the North”." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 33, no. 2 (August 2018): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2018.18.

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AbstractThe article considers the temporary labour migration program in Canada, which catapults workers from the global South into work and wider relations in the global North, in the context of debates swirling around Anglo-American labour law. There is widespread consensus that labour law is experiencing a sustained moment of crisis in the face of neoliberal globalization. Not widely considered is how this crisis relates to temporary labour migration and the global South-North relationship and, in turn, how this relationship may impact emergent approaches tasked with transforming or transcending the field. Critical interventions seeking to confront the “southern question” within the socio-legal imaginary have gone largely unnoticed by labour law scholars. Transnational labour law may hold potential for an alternative account of the racialized production of unfree migrant labour. But only if its adherents can truly confront the dynamic unfolding through temporary labour migration—that of the “South of the North.”

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6

Hugo, Graeme. "Temporary Migration and the Labour Market in Australia." Australian Geographer 37, no. 2 (July 2006): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180600672359.

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7

Keshri, Kunal, and Ram B. Bhagat. "SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF TEMPORARY LABOUR MIGRATION IN INDIA." Asian Population Studies 9, no. 2 (July 2013): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2013.797294.

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8

Dodd, Warren, Sally Humphries, Kirit Patel, Shannon Majowicz, and Cate Dewey. "Determinants of temporary labour migration in southern India." Asian Population Studies 12, no. 3 (July 27, 2016): 294–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2016.1207929.

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9

Borowski, Allan, and Uri Yanay. "Temporary and Illegal Labour Migration: The Israeli Experience." International Migration 35, no. 4 (December 1997): 495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00024.

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10

Lenard, Patti Tamara, and Christine Straehle. "Temporary labour migration, global redistribution, and democratic justice." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 11, no. 2 (March 29, 2011): 206–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x10392338.

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11

Reissová, Alice, Jana Šimsová, and Ralph Sonntag. "Moving Across Borders: Brain or brain gain? A comparative in Czechia and Germany." GeoScape 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2021-0003.

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Abstract The continuous drain of young university graduates leaving the country poses the threat of considerable loss, both economic and social. On the other hand, temporary labour migration can bring positive effects (experience, foreign know how). The objective of the article was to identify the attitude of German and Czech university undergraduates to labour migration and to explore the motivation factors that play a role in their decision-making. The research sample consisted of students of economics who study at regional universities in North Bohemia and neighbouring German Saxony. It was established that German students declare a greater interest in working abroad, but they tend to prefer temporary labour migration, while Czech students think more about permanently moving abroad, provided they are considering leaving for another country. Logistic forward stepwise regression was selected to establish significant explaining variables. Surprisingly, “higher salary” did not figure in the created models as an explaining variable in a single case. The amount of salary is an important motivation factor (both for Czech and German students), however, it is not the main factor which influences their decision to go abroad. The explaining variables “I want to live in a different country” and “the opportunity to gain international work experience” were shown in both cases. Governments as well as regional authorities should pay attention to the reasons why qualified workers decide on labour migration and they should pay due care to establishing why qualified workers want to live in a different country. Temporary labour migration should be encouraged and, at the same time, such conditions should be created to motivate highly qualified workers to return home. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • The departure of young people with a university degree abroad represents considerable not only economic but also social losses. • Temporary labour migration, however, can bring positive effects (experience, foreign know-how). German students declare interest in temporary labour migration, while Czech students prefer permanent migration. • The salary is an important motivational factor (for both Czech and German students), but it is not the main factor that influences the decision to move abroad. • Governments, as well as regional authorities, should pay attention to the reasons that lead qualified workers to decide for labour migration and to look closely at answers to why young people want to live in another country. • Temporary labour migration should be supported by both government and regional authorities. In contrast, conditions should be created to eliminate permanent labour migration.

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12

Howe, Joanna, and Irene Nikoloudakis. "Short Stay Visa Holders and Occupational Trainees in Australia’s Labour Migration Program: Regulatory Challenges at The Apex of Temporariness." Federal Law Review 50, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x211066139.

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This article addresses a gap in the scholarly literature on the legal regulation of temporary labour migration by tracing the legislative history and regulation of work visas for short stay specialists and occupational trainees. By reason of their acute temporariness, both short stay workers and occupational trainees could be regarded as having a migration status that makes them vulnerable in their work relations. In addition, this vulnerability means they may accept terms and conditions that undercut domestic labour standards. Although the detailed legislative tracing of both visas reveals various attempts to re-regulate both visas in favour of greater scrutiny of employer requests for overseas labour, tightening access requirements and increasing enforcement and monitoring capacity, these have been largely incapable of preventing instances of egregious exploitation. These case studies on two little-known visas mirror the growing concerns around the integrity of Australia’s temporary labour migration program more generally and point to the myriad tensions, challenges and complexities inherent in the regulation of temporary labour migration programs around the globe.

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13

Sucharita, Sanhita. "Socio-economic Determinants of Temporary Labour Migration in Western Jharkhand, India." Millennial Asia 11, no. 2 (August 2020): 226–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399620925451.

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This article examines the socio-economic determinant of temporary labour migration in Jharkhand. The study uses primary data collected from 12 villages in the western region of Jharkhand. We have used logistic regression model to find out the socio-economic determinant of migration by setting, individual ( n = 4,241) and households ( n = 781). The regression results show that temporary migration is basically from poor households, and migrants are basically male, young and form Scheduled Caste community. Here, landholding and Monthly Per capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) have been taken as the indicator of poverty. We find that there is significant and negative relationship between land owned and migration, that is, the more the land owned, the less the household is likely to migrate. Further, we find that higher the MPCE, lesser the induvial is likely to migrate. Poverty, lack of sufficient means of subsistence, unequal distribution of landholding to meet household expenditure, availability of employment opportunities and loan are the main causes of temporary migration. Since temporary labour migration is very large, it needs to be given high priority with specific policy interventions.

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14

Ford, Michele, and Kumiko Kawashima. "Temporary labour migration and care work: The Japanese experience." Journal of Industrial Relations 55, no. 3 (June 2013): 430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185613480750.

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15

Soldatic, Karen, Helen Meekosha, and Kelly Somers. "Finding Ernesto: Temporary Labour Migration and Disabled Children’s Health." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (May 9, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/696753.

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We seek to expose the implications of Australia’s exclusionary and discriminatory disability migration provisions on the health and wellbeing of disabled children who have arrived in Australia through alternative migratory routes. By undertaking an in-depth analysis of a single case study, Ernesto, we bring to the fore the key issues facing disabled immigrant children. These children, like our case study Ernesto, are only granted visas on the proviso that their parents/primary caregivers agree to cover the full costs associated with their disability, including medical care and additional expenses such as educational inclusion. The story of Ernesto reveals the extreme impact of these discriminatory policies on this population’s health and wellbeing. Further, we discuss how the state’s “right to exclude” people with disabilities from the migratory process negatively affects the health and wellbeing of their siblings and parents.

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16

Lenard, Patti Tamara, and Christine Straehle. "Temporary labour migration: Exploitation, tool of development, or both?" Policy and Society 29, no. 4 (November 2010): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2010.09.006.

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17

Straehle, Christine. "Vulnerability, Rights, and Social Deprivation in Temporary Labour Migration." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22, no. 2 (April 2019): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-019-10010-0.

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18

Lenard, Patti Tamara. "Why Temporary Labour Migration is Not a Satisfactory Alternative to Permanent Migration." Journal of International Political Theory 8, no. 1-2 (April 2012): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jipt.2012.0037.

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19

Hampshire, Kate. "Flexibility in Domestic Organization and Seasonal Migration Among the Fulani of Northern Burkina Faso." Africa 76, no. 3 (August 2006): 402–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2006.0044.

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AbstractMigration patterns among the Fulani of Burkina Faso have changed over recent decades from predominant transhumance, involving whole families, to seasonal rural-to-urban labour migration of young men. This article uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative data to examine the relationships between the new forms of migration and domestic organization. Specifically, it asks the following questions: (1) How do households accommodate the temporary loss of productive members? (2) Does the out-migration lead to new forms of domestic organization, and to changing roles and power relations within sending households? Various forms of flexibility in domestic organization are identified, which serve to maintain viable economic units in the face of the temporary absence of substantial numbers of young men. These include: flexibility in the processes of household division; rapid, temporary restructuring of domestic units; and drawing on extra-household support networks. One consequence of this flexibility is that intra-household gender divisions of labour and power have remained largely unchanged in the face of seasonal labour migration. The extent to which this will remain the case if migration becomes more widespread is uncertain.

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20

Rass, Christoph. "Temporary Labour Migration and State-Run Recruitment of Foreign Workers in Europe, 1919–1975: A New Migration Regime?" International Review of Social History 57, S20 (August 29, 2012): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859012000466.

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SummaryTemporary labour migration was one of the characteristic phenomena of human mobility in Europe during the twentieth century. The predominant answer in several European countries to the growing economic demand for an external labour supply on the one hand, and political demands to limit the numbers of foreign workers and to protect the native workforce from the competition of “cheap” migrant labour on the other, was a growing direct and active involvement of the nation state in regulatory efforts and recruitment operations abroad. Besides bureaucratic organizations on a national level, bilateral recruitment agreements – starting in their modern form in 1919 – became the most important tool to regulate labour migration between two countries. This article takes a look at the evolving system of bilaterally fixed migration relations in Europe and its implications for sending and receiving countries as well as for the labour migrants involved. It argues that the network of bilateral recruitment agreements provided controlled and selective migration channels in Europe between the 1950s and 1970s. These agreements installed and protected certain minimum standards to migrants and led to a general improvement of the rights and conditions offered to temporary labour migrants in Europe.

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21

Ford, Michele. "The Global Union Federations and temporary labour migration in Malaysia." Journal of Industrial Relations 55, no. 2 (April 2013): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185612473216.

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22

Strabac, Zan, Marko Valenta, and Mouawiya Al Awad. "Temporary labour migration to United Arab Emirates: a complex story." Migration and Development 7, no. 3 (January 12, 2018): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2017.1421603.

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23

Martin, Philip L., and Eugen Stark. "Editorial: Expert commissions and migration policy making." Migration Letters 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v11i1.165.

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More countries are turning to expert commissions to assess labour market and demo-graphic data to help to answer the fundamental migration questions of how many, from where, and in what status newcomers should arrive. Britain has had a Migration Advisory Commission since 2008, and most US immigration reform proposals include commissions to assess labour market, demographic, and other data to provide advice or set quotas on the number of immigrants and temporary foreign workers admitted.

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24

Howe, Joanna. "Is the Net Cast Too Wide? An Assessment of Whether the Regulatory Design of the 457 Visa Meets Australia's Skill Needs." Federal Law Review 41, no. 3 (September 2013): 443–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.41.3.3.

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With increasing use of skilled temporary migration by employers and its significant influence upon Australia's permanent migration intake, the 457 visa has far-reaching implications — both for the domestic labour market and for the long-term composition of the Australian population. The scheme was introduced in 1996 to facilitate the temporary migration of skilled overseas workers to alleviate domestic skill shortages. Predicated upon a premise of business demand, the scheme allows employers to sponsor overseas workers whose occupations are on the Consolidated Sponsored Occupation List. Verification of whether the employer's attestation of a skill shortage is genuine is provided through employer-conducted labour market testing for certain occupations and the market salary rates requirement. This article questions whether these regulatory mechanisms are effective for ensuring the 457 visa program meets its objectives.

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25

Mayes, Robyn. "‘We’re Sending you Back’: Temporary Skilled Labour Migration, Social Networks and Local Community." Migration, Mobility, & Displacement 3, no. 1 (August 24, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/mmd31201717074.

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This paper contributes to the emergent literature on the temporal and dynamic constitution of temporary skilled migrant networks, foregrounding under-researched interrelations between migrant and non-migrant networks. It does so through examination of the lived experience of transnational, temporary skilled labour migrants resident in Ravensthorpe in rural Western Australia (WA) who were confronted with the sudden closure of the mining operation where they were employed. As a result they faced imminent forced departure from Australia. Drawing on qualitative data collected in Ravensthorpe three weeks after the closure, this paper foregrounds the role of this shared, profoundly socially-disruptive event in the formation of a temporary, multi-ethnic migrant network and related interactions with a local network. Analysis of these social relations foregrounds the role of catalysing events and external prompts (beyond ethnicity and the migration act) in the formation of temporary migrant networks, along with the importance of local contexts, policy conditions and employer action. The social networks formed in Hopetoun, and associated mobilisation of social capital, confirm the potential and richness of non-migrant networks for shaping the migrant experience, and foreground the ways in which these interrelations in turn can shape the local experience of migration, just as it highlights the capacity of community groups to act as social and political allies for temporary migrants.that would require migrants to depart after a set number of years and instead recommend a pathway to permanent residence based on duration of stay.

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26

Maconachie, Roy, Tony Binns, Paul Tengbe, and Reynold Johnson. "Temporary labour migration and sustainable post-conflict return in Sierra Leone." GeoJournal 67, no. 3 (April 20, 2007): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9056-1.

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27

Ciupijus, Zinovijus. "Ethical Pitfalls of Temporary Labour Migration: A Critical Review of Issues." Journal of Business Ethics 97, S1 (December 2010): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1075-7.

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28

Dauvergne, Catherine, and Sarah Marsden. "The ideology of temporary labour migration in the post-global era." Citizenship Studies 18, no. 2 (February 17, 2014): 224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2014.886441.

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29

Piper, Nicola, and Matt Withers. "Forced transnationalism and temporary labour migration: implications for understanding migrant rights." Identities 25, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 558–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1070289x.2018.1507957.

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30

Predojević-Despić, Jelena. "Labour migration, COVID-19 pandemic and the Western Balkans: Measures to encourage temporary, circular and return migration." Demografija, no. 18 (2021): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/demografija2118071p.

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The aim of this paper is to consider measures that contribute to the regulation of temporary and circular migration, as well as reintegration in the countries of the Western Balkans, which have long faced numerous and diverse challenges of labor emigration. Immediately after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of migrant workers returned to the countries of the Western Balkans. Migrant workers, especially those who are staying abroad temporarily, have faced sudden and numerous migration challenges, but they also want to return to work abroad as soon as the conditions are met. Therefore, in order to improve the position and protect the rights of international migrants as efficiently as possible in the future, it is necessary to develop measures that can complement the activities of the Western Balkan countries to regulate and encourage temporary and circular migration, as well as reintegration of migrant workers upon return. This is particularly important in the context of the complex challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, as the contribution of both highly-skilled and low-skilled foreign workers has been shown to be an integral part of the sustainability of the state system in immigration countries. They will increasingly direct immigration policies towards measures to attract the necessary foreign workers. Therefore, emigration countries should work on improving legislation, developing inter-institutional cooperation and strengthening the capacity of actors at both national and local levels of government and building an approach that includes cooperation of whole of government approach, including the scientific and civil sector. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was shown that migration policy should rapidly develop measures that reduce the costs and negative effects of migration to the lowest possible level, both for migrants and their families who often remain in the country of origin.

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31

Verschueren, Herwig. "Employment and Social Security Rights of Third-Country Labour Migrants under eu Law: An Incomplete Patchwork of Legal Protection." European Journal of Migration and Law 18, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 373–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12342107.

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Labour migration within the European Union (eu), as well as from outside the eu, has evolved significantly. There are more temporary forms of labour migration, such as seasonal work, temporary migration of both high- and low-skilled workers and temporary posting by employers. This evolution has led to an increasing vulnerability of labour migrants’ rights. In particular, the employment and social rights of these migrants are subject to legal disputes, as well as to political discussions. The latter resulted in the adoption of legal instruments meant to guarantee some rights to labour migrants, but which in some cases rather increased their vulnerability. This article explores the issues of employment and social protection of third-country migrant workers in legal instruments of the eu. It starts with an examination of a number of eu directives dealing specifically with labour migration from third countries such as the Blue Card Directive 2009/50, the Employers’ Sanctions Directive 2009/52, the Single Permit Directive 2011/98, the Seasonal Workers Directive 2014/36 and the Intra-corporate Transferees Directive 2014/66 (Section 2). This section also explores the interaction between these instruments as well as their shortcomings. Next, this article focuses on international agreements concluded by the eu with third countries. A large number of these agreements contain provisions which, directly or indirectly, regulate the employment and social security rights of nationals of the third States involved (Section 3). Further, it will comment on the issue of (the absence of) social security coordination between the systems of the Member States and those of third countries (Section 4). Finally, it draws some conclusions and pleads for a better enforcement of the rights already guaranteed and for a more prominent role for the protection of human rights (Section 5).

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Hennebry, Jenna L. "Bienvenidos a Canadá? Globalization and the Migration Industry Surrounding Temporary Agricultural Migration in Canada." Canadian Studies in Population 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p69c8m.

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“Migrant workers” have become an important resource in the global economy, and not solely for employers and governments. Multilateral agreements, trade liberalization, and advancements in communication and transportation have enabled flows of the world’s poor into international labour migration systems, often mediated by a migration industry that profits from providing services to employers and migrants. Based on ethnographic case studies in Mexico, participant observation in Ontario, and interviews with migrant workers and their families, farmers, government representatives and other intermediaries, this paper examines the extent to which a migration industry has formed around the Mexican-Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program.

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33

Howe, Joanna, and Alexander Reilly. "Meeting Australia's Labour Needs: The Case for a New Low-Skill Work Visa." Federal Law Review 43, no. 2 (June 2015): 259–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.43.2.4.

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This article examines whether Australia's regulatory settings for temporary migrant labour are working effectively and argues that a backdoor currently exists which permits the entry of low skilled migrant workers on visas which are not for a work purpose, namely the international student visa and the working holiday maker visa. We propose that an explicit visa pathway be created for low and semi-skilled workers so that the working conditions of these visa holders are more appropriately monitored and to enable Australia's temporary labour migration program to better meet skill shortages in the economy.

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34

Driessen, Miriam. "Migrating for the Bank: Housing and Chinese Labour Migration to Ethiopia." China Quarterly 221 (February 17, 2015): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574101400157x.

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AbstractBy shedding light on the concept of the fangnu (mortgage slave), this paper explains why young men from China migrate to Ethiopia. Young, educated, employed and ambitious, the fangnu is a modern type of slave who is said to have sold his freedom to the bank for the purpose of buying a house. For young men coming from a rural background, temporary migration offers a chance to earn the money so badly needed for a down payment or repayments on mortgage loans for their newly bought residential property. I argue that the fangnu is the child of a Chinese society characterized by high social mobility as well as a growing demographic imbalance owing to the one-child policy. In this context, a house – or in urban China, commonly an apartment in a high-rise building – is increasingly seen as a marker of status, especially in the marriage market. Although the Chinese do not demand a bride price, the hunfang (marriage house) has become the norm in urban Chinese society. Unable to rely on the financial support of their kin, young Chinese men from the countryside migrate to earn the starting capital needed to cope with the socio-economic pressures of settling in the city.

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35

Masso, Jaan, Raul Eamets, and Pille Mõtsmees. "Temporary migrants and occupational mobility: evidence from the case of Estonia." International Journal of Manpower 35, no. 6 (August 26, 2014): 753–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-06-2013-0138.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of temporary migration on the upward occupational mobility by using a novel database from Estonia. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a unique data set of the online job search portal of Estonia that includes thousands of employees with foreign work experience. The authors study whether the presence of temporary migration in ones working career is associated with upward movement in the occupational ladder, defined either in terms of wages or required human capital. Findings – The authors did not find any positive effect of temporary migration on upward occupational mobility and in case of females the effect was negative. The results could be related to the short-term nature of migration and the occupational downshifting abroad as well as the functioning of home country labour market. Research limitations/implications – While the uniqueness of the data set is of value, one needs to acknowledge its weaknesses: the job-seekers work histories are self-reported and the authors do not know what information was left out as undesired by applicant. Practical implications – The findings imply that the benefits of temporary migration from Eastern to Western Europe on the sending country via the returnees’ labour market performance might be limited, yet it does not exclude the benefits of return migration through other mechanism. Originality/value – The literature on return migration is not big and there are only a few papers dealing with occupational change or mobility of the return migrants. Compared to earlier studies we have looked at wider set of occupations ranked by different ladders. Using the unique data set the authors have included in the study ca 7,500 return migrants while earlier studies have been based on rather small samples.

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Fudge, Judy, and Joo-Cheong Tham. "Unsavoury Employer Practices: Understanding Temporary Migrant Work in the Australian Food Services Sector." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 35, Issue 1 (March 1, 2019): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2019002.

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Why do employers in specific sectors use migrant workers to a significant extent? Taking temporary migrant work in the Australian food services sector as a case study, this article argues that employer demand for migrant workers is shaped by two forms of social regulation: the immigration controls that create a supply of different kinds of migrant workers, and the labour market norms and institutions that operate within a specific industrial sector. Specifically, the article argues that the cost-minimization strategy of the Australian food services sector in conjunction with its precarious work norms result in ‘demand’ on the part of employers in the sector for vulnerable workers to perform precarious jobs. Such ‘demand’ is met in part by the workers supplied through temporary labour migration programs who may be an attractive form of precarious labour because of the conditionalities they experience. The normalization of noncompliance with labour laws by food services employers, that stems from the broader culture of illegality in the sector, further heightens the vulnerability (and attractiveness) of temporary migrant labour, allowing employers to ‘demand’ illegal working conditions.

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Collinson, Mark A., Stephen M. Tollman, and Kathleen Kahn. "Migration, settlement change and health in post-apartheid South Africa: Triangulating health and demographic surveillance with national census data1." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, no. 69_suppl (August 2007): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034950701356401.

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Background: World population growth will be increasingly concentrated in the urban areas of the developing world; however, some scholars caution against the oversimplification of African urbanization noting that there may be ``counterurbanization'' and a prevailing pattern of circular rural—urban migration. The aim of the paper is to examine the ongoing urban transition in South Africa in the post-apartheid period, and to consider the health and social policy implications of prevailing migration patterns. Methods: Two data sets were analysed, namely the South African national census of 2001 and the Agincourt health and demographic surveillance system. A settlement-type transition matrix was constructed on the national data to show how patterns of settlement have changed in a five-year period. Using the sub-district data, permanent and temporary migration was characterized, providing migration rates by age and sex, and showing the distribution of origins and destinations. Findings: The comparison of national and sub-district data highlight the following features: urban population growth, particularly in metropolitan areas, resulting from permanent and temporary migration; prevailing patterns of temporary, circular migration, and a changing gender balance in this form of migration; stepwise urbanization; and return migration from urban to rural areas. Conclusions: Policy concerns include: rural poverty exacerbated by labour migration; explosive conditions for the transmission of HIV; labour migrants returning to die in rural areas; and the challenges for health information created by chronically ill migrants returning to rural areas to convalesce. Lastly, suggestions are made on how to address the dearth of relevant population information for policy-making in the fields of migration, settlement change and health.

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Islam, Md Mohaiminul. "Negotiated and Involuntary Return: COVID-19 Pandemic and Return Migration of Bangladeshi Temporary Labour Migrant Men." Migration Letters 20, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v20i1.2742.

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This paper investigates return migration of Bangladeshi temporary labour migrant men in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a case study of Bangladeshi migrants, who are mostly occupied in low and semi-skilled labour-intensive markets in the Middle East and the Southeast Asian countries, this paper assesses the relational aspect between pandemic and return. It discusses the underlying reasons of pandemic induced return which is based on a fieldwork, conducted in 2021, with the Bangladeshi returnee migrants. It argues that migrant receiving states' exploitative policies–burgeoning labour market nationalisation and lack of social and legal protection mechanisms–are the overriding reasons of return, rather than the pandemic. Whilst the pandemic intensified these existing exclusionary policies, this paper depicts how the migrants conform to the policies of migrant receiving states through rigid visa regime, heightened labour market immobility, retrenchment, and wage theft, which resulted in return migration.

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Ryazantsev, Sergey V. "Labour immigration to Russia: myths and contrarguments." RUDN Journal of Economics 26, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 718–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2018-26-4-718-729.

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The article analyzes the role of immigration and labor immigration in the demographic and socio-economic development of Russia in the post-Soviet period. Two main migration flows (immigration for permanent residence and labor immigration) to the country are analyzed on the basis of both absolute numbers and socio-demographic structure. The four most common myths regarding the negative impact of labor migration on the socio-economic situation in Russia are considered in detail: immigration hampers technological re-equipment and the renewal of the Russian economy; immigrants squeeze national labor from the Russian labor market; immigrants contribute to the dumping of wages on the Russian labor market; immigrants are to blame for raising the retirement age in Russia. The author’s counterarguments on each of these myths are cited. A distinctive feature of labor migration to Russia is the clearly expressed labor motivation of migrants. For the most part, migrant workers are people from the countries of the former USSR (primarily citizens of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan) who are willing to work actively, many speak Russian, are oriented towards Russia, want and are ready to register honestly, get permits documents and pay taxes. Many migrants have quite successfully adapted to the Russian labor market, some receive a temporary residence permit and a permanent residence permit, and many become citizens of Russia. This is partly evidence of their successful integration into Russian society. Given the demographic situation in which modern Russia is located, labor migration could not only replenish the cohort of labor resources on a temporary basis, but also increase the population of the country on a permanent basis. At the same time, the sociocultural consequences of labor migration for local societies and Russian society as a whole require additional study. In this regard, Russia needs to develop the infrastructure for the adaptation and integration of migrants into Russian society - to ensure access to learning Russian, medical services, education of children and migrants.

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Iavorskyi, Mykola. "The Migration and Identity Reconstruction of Temporary Ukrainian Labour Migrants in Poland." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica 31 (2015): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ap.2015.31-07.

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Rataj, Primož. "Book review: Temporary Labour Migration in the Global Era: The Regulatory Challenges." European Journal of Social Security 20, no. 4 (December 2018): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262718819512.

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Horvath, Kenneth. "Securitisation, economisation and the political constitution of temporary migration: the making of the Austrian seasonal workers scheme." Migration Letters 11, no. 2 (May 4, 2014): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v11i2.235.

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Temporary migration has recently received considerable attention from migration researchers. This article shifts the analytic focus from migration practices to migration politics and enquires into the logics and processes underlying the formulation of temporary migration programmes. Based on Foucault’s analysis of liberal governmentality and Jessop’s strategic-relational approach, it is argued that the governing of temporary labour migration by nation-states requires sophisticated political technologies. These technologies entail the differentiated deprivation of fundamental rights and are therefore neither unproblematic nor self-evident. Developing and establishing the necessary legal categorisations along skill levels, nationality, employment status, and so on, requires a complex interplay of two political rationalities that are often conceived of as contradictory: the securitisation and the economisation of migration. Once established, differentiations and measures introduced under securitised conditions can be invested in utilitarian migration policies. The interplay of these two rationalities depends on and is mediated by wider political-economic and societal transformation processes. This general argument is illustrated by the example of the Austrian Seasonal Worker Scheme, which shows significant parallels to policies introduced in other nation-states over the past two decades.

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Andrijasevic, Rutvica, and Devi Sacchetto. "‘Disappearing workers’: Foxconn in Europe and the changing role of temporary work agencies." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017015622918.

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This article investigates the role of temporary work agencies (TWAs) at Foxconn’s assembly plants in the Czech Republic. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, it shows TWAs’ comprehensive management of migrant labour: recruitment and selection in the countries of origin; cross-border transportation, work and living arrangements in the country of destination; and return to the countries of origin during periods of low production. The article asks whether the distinctiveness of this specific mode of labour management can be understood adequately within the framework of existing theories on the temporary staffing industry. In approaching the staffing industry through the lens of migration labour analysis, the article reveals two key findings. Firstly, TWAs are creating new labour markets but do so by eroding workers’ rights and enabling new modalities of exploitation. Secondly, the diversification of TWAs’ roles and operations has transformed TWAs from intermediaries between capital and labour to enterprises in their own right.

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Mitrică, Bianca, Nicoleta Damian, Irena Mocanu, and Ines Grigorescu. "Exploring the links between out-migration and social development in Romania. A Development Region-based approach." Europa XXI 37 (2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2019.37.4.

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In-migration into the EU has become an important issue in recent decades, as an important component accounting for population changes in Europe. In contrast, it was after the fall of communism that out-migration grew into a major – but also relatively new – phenomenon affecting Romania. Especially after 2002, in which year Schengen visa requirements were waived, rapid growth in circular migration was encouraged; with a further migratory wave ensuing after 2007, due to free access to the European labour market. Against that background, work detailed in this paper has sought to provide insights into specific features of the process of out-migration, as this relates to social development. Use was made of statistical data available at NUTS 2 (Development Regions) level, as provided by the National Institute of Statistics; as well as various further data and information from both the World Bank and EUROSTAT. To achieve the objective specified above, efforts have been made to select indicators shown to offer a broad and accurate picture of both out-migration (via an out-migration rate indicator) and levels of social developmental (via a Socially Disadvantaged Index). The effects of what mainly proves to be temporary out-migration are very important, as they drive temporary loss of human capital, with Romania appearing in statistics among the main sources of labour-migration flows.

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Foley, Laura, and Nicola Piper. "Is ‘regular’ migration a safer form of migration? The case of Asia." Migración y Refugio: Los retos y oportunidades en un mundo en movimiento 06, MARZO 2022 (March 23, 2022): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36852/2695-4427_2022_06.07.

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This paper examines one key feature of intra-regional migration in Asia: irregularity, and it does so beyond the typical focus on irregular entry by highlighting ‘irregularity in regularity’, that is irregularity as the result of extremely rigidly designed legal pathways for migration. Our analysis, thus, focuses on the wider policy infrastructure that centres upon securitisation and managerialism, with the result of a high incidence of irregularity. We illustrate these dynamics in relation to labour migration, i.e. the hiring and working conditions of migrant workers. In doing so, this paper seeks to challenge the conventional discourse about irregular migration by showing how the line between regular and irregular migration is blurred and often the result of irregular practices by other actors and, thus, beyond the direct control of migrants. In particular, we analyse how the temporary labour migration schemes deployed in Asia and the decent work deficits facing migrant workers employed via these schemes, are the key source of irregularity. We end by suggesting that more attention should be paid to regulating abusive practices by employers and recruiters instead of criminalising migrants.

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Sills, Stephen J. "Philippine labour migration to Taiwan: Social, political, demographic, and economic dimensions." MIGRATION LETTERS 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v4i1.206.

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The Philippines has become one of today’s leading exporters of migrants. This migration flow largely results from internal demographic and economic pressures, but has also been brought about by the policy decisions of the Philippine government which sees potential relief from remittances and reduction of unemployment. The continued cycling of labour migrants for more than 30 years has resulted in a “culture” of migration. Destinations for temporary labour migrants are influenced as well by demographic determinants such as low birth rates in the destination country, leading to a need for labourers, and high birth rates in the sending country, leading to surplus labourers.

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Charles, Lorraine. "Refugees but not Refugees: The UAE’s Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis Viewed through the Lived Experience of Syrians in Abu Dhabi." Journal of Refugee Studies 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 1423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feab014.

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Abstract The UAE is not a signatory to the the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. As such, it does not recognize individuals fleeing war or persecution as refugees. Instead, the UAE has allowed for the presence of Syrians and other vulnerable populations within its existing migration framework, the kafala system, using the temporary visas offered under this labour migration system as ‘an asylum policy by proxy’ or ‘quasi-asylum policy’. Despite this restrictive local response, the UAE is extremely generous internationally. The contradictory nature of the UAE’s response will be highlighted, where on one hand, it restricts admissions, yet on the other, it has been generous in terms of international aid to the Syrian crisis—the UAE’s version of the grand compromise. This research ultimately aims to understand how the UAE’s policy of ‘migrants’ (referring to temporary labour admissions), not ‘refugees’, and its ‘quasi-asylum policy’ has impacted the lived experience of a group of vulnerable Syrian families in Abu Dhabi.

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Zou, Mimi. "Immigration Law as Labour Market Regulation: Temporary Migration Status and Migrant Work Relations." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 1 (June 2015): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2015-001003.

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Maroukis, Thanos. "Temporary agency work, migration and the crisis in Greece: labour market segmentation intensified." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 22, no. 2 (March 11, 2016): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258916634620.

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Kalter, F. "Social Capital and the Dynamics of Temporary Labour Migration from Poland to Germany." European Sociological Review 27, no. 5 (May 26, 2010): 555–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcq025.

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