Journal articles on the topic 'Temporally variable migration'
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1
Deffner, Dominik, Vivien Kleinow, and Richard McElreath. "Dynamic social learning in temporally and spatially variable environments." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 12 (December 2020): 200734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200734.
Abstract:
Cultural evolution is partly driven by the strategies individuals use to learn behaviour from others. Previous experiments on strategic learning let groups of participants engage in repeated rounds of a learning task and analysed how choices are affected by individual payoffs and the choices of group members. While groups in such experiments are fixed, natural populations are dynamic, characterized by overlapping generations, frequent migrations and different levels of experience. We present a preregistered laboratory experiment with 237 mostly German participants including migration, differences in expertise and both spatial and temporal variation in optimal behaviour. We used simulation and multi-level computational learning models including time-varying parameters to investigate adaptive time dynamics in learning. Confirming theoretical predictions, individuals relied more on (conformist) social learning after spatial compared with temporal changes. After both types of change, they biased decisions towards more experienced group members. While rates of social learning rapidly declined in rounds following migration, individuals remained conformist to group-typical behaviour. These learning dynamics can be explained as adaptive responses to different informational environments. Summarizing, we provide empirical insights and introduce modelling tools that hopefully can be applied to dynamic social learning in other systems.
2
Horton, Travis W., Richard N. Holdaway, Alexandre N. Zerbini, Nan Hauser, Claire Garrigue, Artur Andriolo, and Phillip J. Clapham. "Straight as an arrow: humpback whales swim constant course tracks during long-distance migration." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (April 20, 2011): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0279.
Abstract:
Humpback whale seasonal migrations, spanning greater than 6500 km of open ocean, demonstrate remarkable navigational precision despite following spatially and temporally distinct migration routes. Satellite-monitored radio tag-derived humpback whale migration tracks in both the South Atlantic and South Pacific include constant course segments of greater than 200 km, each spanning several days of continuous movement. The whales studied here maintain these directed movements, often with better than 1° precision, despite the effects of variable sea-surface currents. Such remarkable directional precision is difficult to explain by established models of directional orientation, suggesting that alternative compass mechanisms should be explored.
3
Malcolm, Stephen B., Natalia Ruiz Vargas, Logan Rowe, Joel Stevens, Joshua E. Armagost, and Andrew C. Johnson. "Sequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan." Animal Migration 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2018-0007.
Abstract:
Abstract Running title: Monarch alternative migration: We collected 434 adult monarchs and surveyed milkweeds for immature monarchs in southwest Michigan, USA in order to test the hypothesis that monarchs are temporally variable, sequential partial migrants rather than partial migrants that may be spatially separated. Adult size, wing wear, female egg counts, fat content and sequestered chemical defenses were measured in monarchs across an entire season from spring migrant arrival, through breeding, until autumn migrant departure. We predicted that a population characterized by starting from all migrants and no residents, through breeding residents, to all migrants and no residents should show life history measures consistent with changes in these proportions. Results show that female monarch spring migrants arrive with chorionated eggs and high wing loads in both intact and fat-extracted adults. Wing loads of both males and females decrease during the summer and increase again immediately before autumn departure, when the fat content of all adults increases markedly. The high fat content of spring arrivals is also characteristic of migrants. Cardenolide content of adults showed a similar pattern of high content in spring arrivals, a decrease in the summer and then an accumulation of cardenolide defenses in adults in late summer just before migratory departure. We conclude that these results are consistent with temporally variable, sequential partial migration in a short-lived insect that contrasts with spatially variable partial migration in longer-lived vertebrates.
4
Robb, Benjamin, Qiongyu Huang, Joseph Sexton, David Stoner, and Peter Leimgruber. "Environmental Differences between Migratory and Resident Ungulates—Predicting Movement Strategies in Rocky Mountain Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with Remotely Sensed Plant Phenology, Snow, and Land Cover." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171980.
Abstract:
Migration is a valuable life history strategy for many species because it enables individuals to exploit spatially and temporally variable resources. Globally, the prevalence of species’ migratory behavior is decreasing as individuals forgo migration to remain resident year-round, an effect hypothesized to result from anthropogenic changes to landscape dynamics. Efforts to conserve and restore migrations require an understanding of the ecological characteristics driving the behavioral tradeoff between migration and residence. We identified migratory and resident behaviors of 42 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) based on GPS locations and correlated their locations to remotely sensed indicators of forage quality, land cover, snow cover, and human land use. The model classified mule deer seasonal migratory and resident niches with an overall accuracy of 97.8% and cross-validated accuracy of 81.2%. The distance to development was the most important variable in discriminating in which environments these behaviors occur, with resident niche space most often closer to developed areas than migratory niches. Additionally, snow cover in December was important for discriminating summer migratory niches. This approach demonstrates the utility of niche analysis based on remotely sensed environmental datasets and provides empirical evidence of human land use impacts on large-scale wildlife migrations.
5
Bounas, Anastasios, Maria Solanou, Michele Panuccio, Sanja Barišić, Taulant Bino, Kiraz Erciyas-Yavuz, Petar Iankov, Christina Ieronymidou, and Christos Barboutis. "Mining citizen science data to explore stopover sites and spatiotemporal variation in migration patterns of the red-footed falcon." Current Zoology 66, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoaa008.
Abstract:
Abstract Citizen science data have already been used to effectively address questions regarding migration, a fundamental stage in the life history of birds. In this study, we use data from eBird and from 3 additional regional citizen science databases to describe the migration routes and timing of the red-footed falcon Falco vespertinus in the Mediterranean region across 8 years (2010–2017). We further examine the seasonal and yearly variation in migration patterns and explore sites used during the species migration. Our results suggest that the autumn passage is spatially less variable and temporally more consistent among years than in spring and that birds migrate faster in spring than in autumn. The species seems to be more prevalent along the Central Mediterranean during spring migration, probably as a result of the clockwise loop migration that red-footed falcons perform. There was a high variation in annual median migration dates for both seasons as well as in migration routes across years and seasons. Higher variation was exhibited in the longitudinal component thus indicating flexibility in migration routes. In addition, our results showed the species’ preference for lowlands covered with cropland and mosaics of cropland and natural vegetation as stopover sites during migration. Stopover areas predicted from our distribution modeling highlight the importance of the Mediterranean islands as stopover sites for sea-crossing raptors, such as the red-footed falcon. This study is the first to provide a broad-scale spatiotemporal perspective on the species migration across seasons, years and flyways and demonstrates how citizen science data can inform future monitoring and conservation strategies.
6
Ikeda, Muneki, Hirotaka Matsumoto, and Eduardo J. Izquierdo. "Persistent thermal input controls steering behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): e1007916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007916.
Abstract:
Motile organisms actively detect environmental signals and migrate to a preferable environment. Especially, small animals convert subtle spatial difference in sensory input into orientation behavioral output for directly steering toward a destination, but the neural mechanisms underlying steering behavior remain elusive. Here, we analyze a C. elegans thermotactic behavior in which a small number of neurons are shown to mediate steering toward a destination temperature. We construct a neuroanatomical model and use an evolutionary algorithm to find configurations of the model that reproduce empirical thermotactic behavior. We find that, in all the evolved models, steering curvature are modulated by temporally persistent thermal signals sensed beyond the time scale of sinusoidal locomotion of C. elegans. Persistent rise in temperature decreases steering curvature resulting in straight movement of model worms, whereas fall in temperature increases curvature resulting in crooked movement. This relation between temperature change and steering curvature reproduces the empirical thermotactic migration up thermal gradients and steering bias toward higher temperature. Further, spectrum decomposition of neural activities in model worms show that thermal signals are transmitted from a sensory neuron to motor neurons on the longer time scale than sinusoidal locomotion of C. elegans. Our results suggest that employments of temporally persistent sensory signals enable small animals to steer toward a destination in natural environment with variable, noisy, and subtle cues.
7
Ikeda, Muneki, Hirotaka Matsumoto, and Eduardo J. Izquierdo. "Persistent thermal input controls steering behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): e1007916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007916.
Abstract:
Motile organisms actively detect environmental signals and migrate to a preferable environment. Especially, small animals convert subtle spatial difference in sensory input into orientation behavioral output for directly steering toward a destination, but the neural mechanisms underlying steering behavior remain elusive. Here, we analyze a C. elegans thermotactic behavior in which a small number of neurons are shown to mediate steering toward a destination temperature. We construct a neuroanatomical model and use an evolutionary algorithm to find configurations of the model that reproduce empirical thermotactic behavior. We find that, in all the evolved models, steering curvature are modulated by temporally persistent thermal signals sensed beyond the time scale of sinusoidal locomotion of C. elegans. Persistent rise in temperature decreases steering curvature resulting in straight movement of model worms, whereas fall in temperature increases curvature resulting in crooked movement. This relationship between temperature change and steering curvature reproduces the empirical thermotactic migration up thermal gradients and steering bias toward higher temperature. Further, spectrum decomposition of neural activities in model worms show that thermal signals are transmitted from a sensory neuron to motor neurons on the longer time scale than sinusoidal locomotion of C. elegans. Our results suggest that employments of temporally persistent sensory signals enable small animals to steer toward a destination in natural environment with variable, noisy, and subtle cues.
8
Noh, Brayden, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb. "Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework." Earth Surface Dynamics 12, no. 3 (May 8, 2024): 691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024.
Abstract:
Abstract. Lateral migration of meandering rivers poses erosional risks to human settlements, roads, and infrastructure in alluvial floodplains. While there is a large body of scientific literature on the dominant mechanisms driving river migration, it is still not possible to accurately predict river meander evolution over multiple years. This is in part because we do not fully understand the relative contribution of each mechanism and because deterministic mathematical models are not equipped to account for stochasticity in the system. Besides, uncertainty due to model structure deficits and unknown parameter values remains. For a more reliable assessment of risks, we therefore need probabilistic forecasts. Here, we present a workflow to generate geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling. We start with a simple geometric model for river migration, where nominal migration rates increase with local and upstream curvature. We then account for model structure deficits using smooth random functions. Probabilistic forecasts for river channel position over time are generated by Monte Carlo runs using a distribution of model parameter values inferred from satellite data. We provide a recipe for parameter inference within the Bayesian framework. We demonstrate that such risk maps are relatively more informative in avoiding false negatives, which can be both detrimental and costly, in the context of assessing erosional hazards due to river migration. Our results show that with longer prediction time horizons, the spatial uncertainty of erosional hazard within the entire channel belt increases – with more geographical area falling within 25 % < probability < 75 %. However, forecasts also become more confident about erosion for regions immediately in the vicinity of the river, especially on its cut-bank side. Probabilistic modeling thus allows us to quantify our degree of confidence – which is spatially and temporally variable – in river migration forecasts. We also note that to increase the reliability of these risk maps, we need to describe the first-order dynamics in our model to a reasonable degree of accuracy, and simple geometric models do not always possess such accuracy.
9
Davis, Craig A., Loren M. Smith, and Warren C. Conway. "Lipid Reserves of Migrant Shorebirds During Spring in Playas of the Southern Great Plains." Condor 107, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.457.
Abstract:
Abstract Inland-migrating shorebirds rely on wetlands as stopover sites to replenish nutrient reserves. Because wetlands are spatially and temporally dynamic, shorebirds may accumulate highly variable lipid reserves. We compared lipid reserves among four shorebird species (American Avocets [Recurvirostra americana], Long-billed Dowitchers [Limnodromus scolopaceus], Least Sandpipers [Calidris minutilla], and Western Sandpipers [C. mauri]) collected from playa wetlands in the southern Great Plains during spring 1993 and 1994. Because playas are ephemeral, we had the opportunity to examine the influence of a variable environment (a wet year and a dry year) on lipid reserves. Additionally, we examined the influence of different migration distances and strategies, and body sizes on lipid reserves. Western Sandpipers had the highest lipid reserves (41%–50%) and Dowitchers had the lowest reserves (18%). Least and Western Sandpipers had 7%–9% higher lipid reserves in the wet year than dry year. Thus, small-bodied shorebirds may be more affected by variable habitat conditions than large-bodied shorebirds because of their higher mass-specific metabolic rates. Reservas Lipídicas de Aves Playeras Migrantes Durante la Primavera en Humedales del Sur de la Gran Planicie Resumen. Las aves playeras que migran tierra adentro necesitan de humedales como lugares de escala migratoria para recuperar sus reservas de nutrientes. Debido a que los humedales son espacial y temporalmente dinámicos, las aves playeras pueden acumular lípidos como reserva de forma muy variable. En este estudio comparamos las resevas lipídicas entre cuatro especies de aves playeras (Recurvirostra americana, Limnodromus scolopaceus, Calidris minutilla y C. mauri) colectadas en los humedales “playa” de la parte sur de la gran planicie durante la primavera de 1993 y 1994. Debido a que estos humedales son ambientes efímeros, tuvimos la oportunidad de examinar la influencia de un ambiente variable (un año húmedo y un año seco) sobre las reservas lipídicas de las aves. Además, examinamos la influencia de distintas distancias y estrategias de migración y del tamaño corporal sobre las reservas. La especie con las mayores reservas lipídicas fue C. mauri (41%–50%) y la especie con las menores reservas fue L. scolopaceus (18%). Las dos especies de Calidris presentaron reservas lipídicas un 7%–9% mayores en el año húmedo que en el año seco. Por tanto, las aves playeras de tamaño pequeño podrían verse más afectadas por condiciones ambientales variables que las de tamaño grande como consecuencia de sus mayores tasas metabó licas con respecto al peso.
10
CATRY, TERESA, JOSÉ A. ALVES, JOANA ANDRADE, HELDER COSTA, MARIA P. DIAS, PEDRO FERNANDES, ANA LEAL, et al. "Long-term declines of wader populations at the Tagus estuary, Portugal: a response to global or local factors?" Bird Conservation International 21, no. 4 (February 11, 2011): 438–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000626.
Abstract:
SummaryMigratory wader populations face global threats, mainly related to increasing rates of habitat loss and disturbance driven by human activities. To a large extent, the long-term survival of these populations requires the conservation of networks of sites along their migratory flyways. The Tagus estuary, Portugal, is among the most important wetlands for waders in the East Atlantic Flyway. Annual winter wader counts have been carried in this wetland since 1975 and a monthly roost-monitoring programme was implemented in 2007. Wintering populations of three out of the five most abundant species, DunlinCalidris alpina, Grey PloverPluvialis squatarolaand RedshankTringa totanus, showed significant population declines over the past three decades, which are most likely due to the loss and degradation of roost sites as a result of increasing human activity. The situation is unlikely to improve, as a high proportion of the wintering waders use roost sites that are situated in highly urbanised areas with no legal protection. The use of different roost sites by waders is highly variable both temporally and spatially, thus emphasizing the need for a network of good quality roost sites. Additionally, during migration, 60–80% of all the waders of the Tagus estuary concentrate at a single refuge, thus increasing the risk for wader populations during these periods.
11
Polz, Martin F., Dana E. Hunt, Sarah P. Preheim, and Daniel M. Weinreich. "Patterns and mechanisms of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in marine microbes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1475 (October 6, 2006): 2009–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1928.
Abstract:
Microbes in the ocean dominate biogeochemical processes and are far more diverse than anticipated. Thus, in order to understand the ocean system, we need to delineate microbial populations with predictable ecological functions. Recent observations suggest that ocean communities comprise diverse groups of bacteria organized into genotypic (and phenotypic) clusters of closely related organisms. Although such patterns are similar to metazoan communities, the underlying mechanisms for microbial communities may differ substantially. Indeed, the potential among ocean microbes for vast population sizes, extensive migration and both homologous and illegitimate genetic recombinations, which are uncoupled from reproduction, challenges classical population models primarily developed for sexually reproducing animals. We examine possible mechanisms leading to the formation of genotypic clusters and consider alternative population genetic models for differentiation at individual loci as well as gene content at the level of whole genomes. We further suggest that ocean bacteria follow at least two different adaptive strategies, which constrain rates and bounds of evolutionary processes: the ‘opportuni-troph’, exploiting spatially and temporally variable resources; and the passive oligotroph, efficiently using low nutrient concentrations. These ecological lifestyle differences may represent a fundamental divide with major consequences for growth and predation rates, genome evolution and population diversity, as emergent properties driving the division of labour within microbial communities.
12
Langman, Jeff B., Julianna Martin, Ethan Gaddy, Jan Boll, and David Behrens. "Snowpack Aging, Water Isotope Evolution, and Runoff Isotope Signals, Palouse Range, Idaho, USA." Hydrology 9, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9060094.
Abstract:
A snowpack’s δ2H and δ18O values evolve with snowfall, sublimation, evaporation, and melt, which produces temporally variable snowpack, snowmelt, and runoff isotope signals. As a snowpack ages, the relatively depleted δ2H and δ18O values of snow will become less depleted with sublimation and evaporation, and the internal distribution of isotope signals is altered with melt moving through and out of the snowpack. An examination of δ2H and δ18O values for snowpack, snowmelt, and ephemeral creek water in the Palouse Range of northern Idaho indicated an evolution from variably depleted snowpack to enriched snowmelt and relatively consistent isotope signals in springtime ephemeral creeks. Within the primary snow band of the mountain range and during the winter–spring period of 2019–2020, the snowpack had an isotope range of −130 to −75‰ for δ2H and −18 to −10.5‰ for δ18O with resulting snowmelt values of −120 to −90‰ for δ2H and −16.5 to −12.5‰ for δ18O. With runoff of snowmelt to ephemeral creeks, the isotope values compressed to −107 to −104‰ for δ2H and −15.5 to −14.5‰ for δ18O. Aging of the snowpack produced increasing densities in the base, middle, and upper layers along with a corresponding enrichment of isotope values. The highest elevation site indicated the least enrichment of δ2H and δ18O in the snowpack base layer, and the lowest elevation site indicated the strongest enrichment of δ2H and δ18O in the snowpack base layer. Deuterium excess decreased with snowpack aging processes of accumulation and melt release, along with the migration of water vapor and snowmelt within the snowpack. It is likely that winter melt (early depleted signal) is a primary contributor to creeks and groundwater along the Palouse Range, but the strong variability of snowpack isotope signals provides a wide range of possible isotope signals to surface-water and groundwater systems at the mountain front.
13
Barth-Naftilan, E., J. Sohng, and J. E. Saiers. "Methane in groundwater before, during, and after hydraulic fracturing of the Marcellus Shale." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 27 (June 18, 2018): 6970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720898115.
Abstract:
Concern persists over the potential for unconventional oil and gas development to contaminate groundwater with methane and other chemicals. These concerns motivated our 2-year prospective study of groundwater quality within the Marcellus Shale. We installed eight multilevel monitoring wells within bedrock aquifers of a 25-km2 area targeted for shale gas development (SGD). Twenty-four isolated intervals within these wells were sampled monthly over 2 years and groundwater pressures were recorded before, during, and after seven shale gas wells were drilled, hydraulically fractured, and placed into production. Perturbations in groundwater pressures were detected at hilltop monitoring wells during drilling of nearby gas wells and during a gas well casing breach. In both instances, pressure changes were ephemeral (<24 hours) and no lasting impact on groundwater quality was observed. Overall, methane concentrations ([CH4]) ranged from detection limit to 70 mg/L, increased with aquifer depth, and, at several sites, exhibited considerable temporal variability. Methane concentrations in valley monitoring wells located above gas well laterals increased in conjunction with SGD, but CH4 isotopic composition and hydrocarbon composition (CH4/C2H6) are inconsistent with Marcellus origins for this gas. Further, salinity increased concurrently with [CH4], which rules out contamination by gas phase migration of fugitive methane from structurally compromised gas wells. Collectively, our observations suggest that SGD was an unlikely source of methane in our valley wells, and that naturally occurring methane in valley settings, where regional flow systems interact with local flow systems, is more variable in concentration and composition both temporally and spatially than previously understood.
14
Barker, James F. "Volatile Aromatic and Chlorinated Organic Contaminants in Groundwater at Six Ontario Landfills." Water Quality Research Journal 22, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1987.003.
Abstract:
Abstract Studies of the migration of organic contaminants in shallow aquifers impacted by landfill leachate at six sites in Ontario are reported. Three sites are located on very permeable sand deposits, one on less permeable sand till and two on fractured sedimentary bedrock. The migration rate and persistence of volatile, one-and-two carbon, halogenated hydrocarbons (halocarbons) and volatile aromatic hydrocarbons are emphasized. These compounds are ubiquitous in sanitary landfill leachates and are quite mobile in groundwater. They are at very low concentrations (less than 5 ppb each) at the Borden landfill site, where most waste was burned before landfilling. At the Woolwich site, volatile halocarbons are found at very low concentrations (less than 0.5 ppb each) up to one kilometer from the site, indicating that they may be very mobile and persistent in this aquifer. Attenuation, probably due mainly to dispersion, has resulted in only sub-ppb concentrations persisting beyond two hundred meters of the site. The contaminant plume at North Bay has been discharging to the surface about eight hundred meters from the site for a number of years. Some mobile volatile organics, therefore, are found throughout the plume. Halo-carbons do not persist and some aromatics appear to be undergoing biodegradation as well. For these and other contaminants, dramatic attenuation is observed within the eight hundred meter plume, probably as the result of dispersion. Groundwater velocities in the less-permeable sand and sand till at the new Borden site are much lower than in the other aquifers, so contaminants have only migrated perhaps two hundred meters laterally. Volatile halocarbons may be migrating at the groundwater velocity, while some retardation of aromatics may be occurring. However, the erratic contaminant distribution complicates the consideration of contaminant migration. Contaminant distributions are irregular in fractured bedrock at the Bay-view and Hamilton sites. The irregular and generally low concentration of halocarbons, coupled with the generally-poor background water quality in these bedrock flow systems, makes the definition of the zone of contamination at these sites very difficult. Although these low-porosity carbonate/ shale bedrock systems could distribute leachate contamination through a large volume of rock, it is encouraging to note the rather restricted zone of clearly-impacted groundwater. The major, mobile organic contaminants at the Hamilton site are the volatile aromatic hydrocarbons. Recognition of only-slightly-impacted groundwater at this site is complicated by the occurrence of these organics at ppb levels in apparently uncontaminated, background groundwater. Temporal variations, over weeks and years, are found for all contaminants at these sites. Input from the landfill appears to be temporally variable and so is a major cause of subsequent variations within the leachate plume. The processes of dispersion, which smoothes such variations at some sites (Borden), does not appear to be effective at damping temporal variability along the plume at North Bay nor in the fractured-bedrock systems.
15
Ali, Eslam, Wenbin Xu, and Xiaoli Ding. "Spatiotemporal Variability of Dune Velocities and Corresponding Uncertainties, Detected from Optical Image Matching in the North Sinai Sand Sea, Egypt." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183694.
Abstract:
Understanding the relationship between climatic conditions and dune ecosystems requires the large-scale monitoring of spatiotemporal patterns of dune velocities. Due to their large extent and remoteness, dune fields are ideal for remote sensing techniques. Dune velocities in the Sand Sea North Sinai are characterized by large spatial and temporal variability. To this end, a total of 265 pairs from four Landsat-8 images from April 2013 to April 2018 were automatically matched with the COSI Corr engine to determine the dune velocities. These pairs were selected so that differences in the solar angles were small and spanned at least one year. This helps to reduce shadowing in the deformation fields and the error budget in converting displacements to annual velocities. To improve spatial coverage and reduce measurement uncertainty, the fusion of individual offset maps is considered feasible. We compared the performance of two methods (i.e., inversion and temporal median fusion) in performing the fusion of individual velocities, and the two methods showed good agreement. The fusion of individual velocities allowed us to estimate the final velocities for about 98.8% of the dune areas. Our results suggest that the magnitudes and directions of dune migration at Sand Sea are spatially and temporally variable. The geometric mean of the active features associated with 12 regions in the Sand Sea ranged from 1.65 m/y to 3.52 m/y, with median directions from 56.19° to 173.11°. The stable regions allowed us to estimate the 95% confidence intervals of the final velocities and extend these calculations to the dune targets. The median uncertainties were 0.10 m/y and 0.25 m/y for the stable and moving targets, respectively. We estimated the coherence of the final velocity vector, which can be considered as an indicator of the homogeneity of migration directions between the offset maps. We compared the final Landsat-8 velocities with those from Sentinel-2 to validate the results and found a good agreement in the magnitudes and directions. The process of selecting high-quality pairs and then fusing the individual maps showed a high performance in terms of spatial coverage and reliability of the extracted velocities.
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Houser, Chris. "Synchronization of transport and supply in beach-dune interaction." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 33, no. 6 (October 12, 2009): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309350120.
Abstract:
This review considers the role of nearshore processes and morphological change as a flexible and dynamic constraint on the supply and transport of sediment between beach and dune. It is argued that the lack of information in this regard remains a central barrier to the development of a theory of beach-dune interaction that can be translated across scales and between field sites. Existing beach-dune models do not consider how and when sediment gets transferred to the backshore where it becomes available for transport by wind. Rather, existing models largely ascribe regional variations in dune morphology to fixed constraints on beach slope and sediment budget, without explicit recognition of processes involved. Recent (process-scale) transport studies have shown that the transfer of sediment is both spatially variable and temporally intermittent as a result of transport limitations across the beachface. While these studies have identified varied controls on sediment transport and exchange, there remains a limited capacity to predict the evolution of beach-dune systems, largely because the beachface tends to be viewed as a static transport surface without regard to supply or to the changing limits to transport. Following storm erosion, dune recovery first requires that the beach recovers through the onshore migration and welding of nearshore bars, followed by accretion in the backshore to create a supply of sediment for transport by the wind. The dependence of dune recovery on the synchronization of transport events with the recovery of sediment supply in the backshore creates a strong asymmetry in dune recovery that makes barrier island susceptible to widespread erosion and breaching if a change in the frequency or grouping of storm events is capable of resetting the bar system (offshore) before the next extreme storm.
17
Klaassen, Raymond H. G., Mikael Hake, Roine Strandberg, and Thomas Alerstam. "Geographical and temporal flexibility in the response to crosswinds by migrating raptors." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1710 (October 27, 2010): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2106.
Abstract:
Wind and ocean currents may potentially have important effects on travelling animals, as an animal which does not respond to lateral flow will be drifted from its intended direction of movement. By analysing daily movements of migrating ospreys Pandion haliaetus and marsh harriers Circus aeruginosus , as recorded by satellite telemetry, in relation to global wind data, we showed that these raptors allow on average 47 per cent drift. Furthermore, our analyses revealed significant geographical and temporal variation in the response to crosswinds. During some parts of the migration, the birds drifted and in other parts they compensated or even overcompensated. In some regions, the response of marsh harriers depended on the wind direction. They drifted when the wind came from one side and (over)compensated when the wind came from the opposite side, and this flexible response was different in different geographical regions. These results suggest that migrating raptors modulate their response to crosswinds at different places and times during their travels and show that individual birds use a much more varied repertoire of behavioural responses to wind than hitherto assumed. Our results may also explain why contrasting and variable results have been obtained in previous studies of the effect of wind on bird migration.
18
Nan, Emanuela. "Tourism in Ligurian Coastal System: Multy-Micro-Reality and Valences." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2232.
Abstract:
Design and management of the different scenarios that define the Mediterranean coasts are not decisive today only the needs and desires of the inhabitants stable, but also, and increasingly, the identification and understanding of the perspectives and exchange of logic that are imposed by new needs and sensitivities of those flows and uses only temporarily and partially these spatiality.The various forms that tourism has acquired in recent years, in this context logic of flux, become redemption opportunities and new enhancement for micro-local worlds in the structuring of circuits and tourist fruition both spatially and temporally alternative to large seasonal migrations of mass tourism.The particular context of Ligurian coastal defined by a varied and complex network of micro-urban realities in a space severely limited, constrained between sea and mountains, makes this crock of settlements to serve as a system variable devices and multi-faceted , nodes of a complex system based on variously interconnected circuits, compared to which spatial and territories become a platform for the independent choice of the user may at any time not only to choose and change, but also to trace and define, in its own use, according to their own personal and intimate aspirations and interests and desires, through its act and feel, new geographies.
19
Harper, Robin A., and Hani Zubida. "Thinking about the meaning of time among temporary labor migrants in Israel." Time & Society 29, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 536–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x20909194.
Abstract:
When thinking about time and migration, time appears to be the obvious unchangeable independent variable—linear, uniform, and constant—affecting migrants’ experiences. However, what if we reimagine time as a dependent variable affected by migration? Time, thus, is not linear but layered, malleable, and potentially even liquid. Migrants weave time with space, generating past, present, and future, forming multiple simultaneous “heres,” “theres,” and “in-betweens.” A subset of migrants, temporary labor migrants, provides an interesting opportunity to consider how migration affects time (including the perception of time). States permit temporary labor migrants to immigrate only because they consent to emigrate after a predetermined, contracted period. In this paper, we consider what it means to enter into such “migration time” arrangements that warp, transform, and curtail time for migrants, their children, employers, community members, left-behind families, and the state. Migrants’ children who typically exist outside state-brokered labor migration deals develop alternate timescapes from their migrant parents. Based on the analysis of interview data and complementary follow-up conversations with 43 temporary labor migrants in Israel from 11 different countries, we examine how the migration process creates nonlinear time and how migrants discover, lament, manage, enjoy, and struggle with multiple timescapes. Building on the work of Saulo Cwerner, we replicate his model on time and migration to show general patterns for immigrants and modes particular to temporary labor migrants including time ruptures, freedom time (short-term opportunities), and ambiguous time (fuzzy continuities).
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Wu, Rongwei, Degang Yang, Lu Zhang, and Jinwei Huo. "Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Determinants of Inter-Provincial Migration in China 1995–2015." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113899.
Abstract:
Inter-provincial migration causes dramatic changes in the population, as well as in the development of the social economy at both origin and destination, which is related to sustainable development in any country. Using inter-provincial migration data during the periods covering 1995–2000, 2000–2005, 2005–2010, and 2010–2015, we analyze the migration volume, intensity and flow, as well as its changes over time. We also examine the determinants associated with migration by applying Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood (PPML) estimation techniques. The results show that migrants move mainly from inland to coastal areas; however, since 2010, the number of migrants moving from coastal to inland areas has shown a continuous increase. This inter-provincial migration was driven largely by the influence of economic factors, such as high urban income per capita. A better model for the period of 2010–2015 is established by adopting an extended set of variables. New variables that represent regional disparities and industrial upgrades have a positive impact on inter-provincial migration, which shows that regional economic disparities and economic restructuring have played an important role in migration in recent years.
21
Tutasi, Pritha, and Ruben Escribano. "Zooplankton diel vertical migration and downward C flux into the oxygen minimum zone in the highly productive upwelling region off northern Chile." Biogeosciences 17, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-455-2020.
Abstract:
Abstract. Diel vertical migration (DVM) can enhance the vertical flux of carbon (C), and so contributes to the functioning of the biological pump in the ocean. The magnitude and efficiency of this active transport of C may depend on the size and taxonomic structure of the migrant zooplankton. However, the impact that a variable community structure can have on zooplankton-mediated downward C flux has not been properly addressed. This taxonomic effect may become critically important in highly productive eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs), where high levels of zooplankton biomass are found in the coastal zone and are composed by a diverse community with variable DVM behavior. In these systems, presence of a subsurface oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) can impose an additional constraint to vertical migration and so influence the downward C export. Here, we address these issues based on a vertically stratified zooplankton sampling at three stations off northern Chile (20–30∘ S) during November–December 2015. Automated analysis of zooplankton composition and taxa-structured biomass allowed us to estimate daily migrant biomass by taxa and their amplitude of migration. We found that a higher biomass aggregates above the oxycline, associated with more oxygenated surface waters and this was more evident upon a more intense OMZ. Some taxonomic groups, however, were found closely associated with the OMZ. Most taxa were able to perform DVM in the upwelling zone withstanding severe hypoxia. Also, strong migrants, such as eucalanid copepods and euphausiids, can exhibit a large migration amplitude (∼500 m), remaining either temporarily or permanently within the core of the OMZ and thus contributing to the release of C below the thermocline. Our estimates of DVM-mediated C flux suggested that a mean migrant biomass of ca. 958 mg C m−2 d−1 may contribute with about 71.3 mg C m−2 d−1 to the OMZ system through respiration, mortality and C excretion at depth, accounting for ca. 4 % of the net primary production, and so implies the existence of an efficient mechanism to incorporate freshly produced C into the OMZ. This downward C flux mediated by zooplankton is however spatially variable and mostly dependent on the taxonomic structure due to variable migration amplitude and DVM behavior.
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Zabel, Richard W., Brian J. Burke, Mary L. Moser, and Christopher C. Caudill. "Modeling temporal phenomena in variable environments with parametric models: An application to migrating salmon." Ecological Modelling 273 (February 2014): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.020.
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Menchetti, Mattia, Maya Guéguen, and Gerard Talavera. "Spatio-temporal ecological niche modelling of multigenerational insect migrations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1910 (September 4, 2019): 20191583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1583.
Abstract:
Modelling ecological niches of migratory animals requires incorporating a temporal dimension, in addition to space. Here, we introduce an approach to model multigenerational migratory insects using time-partitioned environmental variables (by months and years) and time- and behaviour-partitioned records (breeding records to model reproductive habitat). We apply this methodology to modelling the Palearctic-African migratory cycle of the Painted Lady butterfly ( Vanessa cardui ), based on data encompassing 36 years (646 breeding sites from 30 countries). Each breeding record is linked to a particular time (month and year), and the associated values of the bioclimatic variables are used for an ensemble modelling strategy, to finally obtain monthly projections. The results show obligated movements, mostly latitudinal, for the species' successive generations across the overall range, and only scattered locations show high probabilities of reproduction year-round. The southernmost reproductive areas estimated for the Palearctic-African migratory pool reach equatorial latitudes from December to February. We thus propose a potential distribution for the winter ‘missing generations' that would expand the V. cardui migration cycle to encompass about 15 000 km in latitude, from northernmost Europe to equatorial Africa. In summer, Europe represents the major temporary resource for V. cardui , while January and February show the lowest overall suitability values, and they are potentially the most vulnerable period for the species to suffer yearly bottlenecks. In summary, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed niche modelling strategy to investigate migratory movements of insects.
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Ruscic, M., G. M. Bocchini, D. Becker, T. Meier, and P. E. van Keken. "Variable spatio-temporal clustering of microseismicity in the Hellenic Subduction Zone as possible indicator for fluid migration." Lithos 346-347 (November 2019): 105154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105154.
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Oestreich, William, Kelly Benoit-Bird, and John P. Ryan. "Blue whales track oceanographic variability across spatial and temporal scales." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018166.
Abstract:
Animals' ability to track variable resources in space and time is critical to their survival in dynamic and changing ecosystems. Understanding populations' behavioral flexibility in response to natural and anthropogenic ecosystem variation requires long-term and detailed measurements of both animal behavior and ecosystem properties. In a series of recent studies, we leverage blue whales' widely-propagating songs to understand their capacity to track ecosystem variability across episodic foraging and seasonal-to-interannual migration scales. By integrating individual and population-level study of singing blue whales, we first identify an acoustic signature of their population-level transition from foraging to migration. Applying this acoustic signature to a six-year study period, we find that blue whales flexibly time their transition to migration to track interannual variability in the phenology of their foraging habitat. Within the foraging season, we further track blue whale behavior via a directional acoustic vector sensor. Using this approach, we find that blue whales maximize access to aggregated prey patches by dynamically tracking fine-scale wind-driven upwelling plumes in space and time. Combined, these findings display blue whales' ability to track oceanographic variability across spatial and temporal scales and suggest mechanisms by which these predators individually and collectively sense their dynamic foraging habitat.
26
ZHDANOV, VLADIMIR P. "A GENERIC MODEL OF UNDESIRED BIODIVERSITY: TEMPORAL AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL BIFURCATIONS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 16, no. 09 (September 2006): 2745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127406016422.
Abstract:
The human activity (e.g. fish farming) may result in the supply of undesired species (with poor heredity) to the wild, which may deteriorate the quality of the wild species of the same kind or even cause their extinction. We present a generic three-variable model focused on this problem. The model includes wild and cultivated preys and predators. The coexistence of these species is predicted to be possible provided that the supply of the cultivated preys is below the critical value. If this condition is not fulfilled, the wild preys asymptotically disappear. In the case of temporal mean-field kinetics, this transition representing mathematically a saddle-node bifurcation depends on the rate constants of the steps describing the interplay of the species. In the spatio-temporal case with the supply of undesired species at the boundary of the habitat, the situation depends also on the rate of migration of species and the habitat size.
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Putman, Nathan F., Erica S. Jenkins, Catherine G. J. Michielsens, and David L. G. Noakes. "Geomagnetic imprinting predicts spatio-temporal variation in homing migration of pink and sockeye salmon." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 99 (October 6, 2014): 20140542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0542.
Abstract:
Animals navigate using a variety of sensory cues, but how each is weighted during different phases of movement (e.g. dispersal, foraging, homing) is controversial. Here, we examine the geomagnetic and olfactory imprinting hypotheses of natal homing with datasets that recorded variation in the migratory routes of sockeye ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) and pink ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) salmon returning from the Pacific Ocean to the Fraser River, British Columbia. Drift of the magnetic field (i.e. geomagnetic imprinting) uniquely accounted for 23.2% and 44.0% of the variation in migration routes for sockeye and pink salmon, respectively. Ocean circulation (i.e. olfactory imprinting) predicted 6.1% and 0.1% of the variation in sockeye and pink migration routes, respectively. Sea surface temperature (a variable influencing salmon distribution but not navigation, directly) accounted for 13.0% of the variation in sockeye migration but was unrelated to pink migration. These findings suggest that geomagnetic navigation plays an important role in long-distance homing in salmon and that consideration of navigation mechanisms can aid in the management of migratory fishes by better predicting movement patterns. Finally, given the diversity of animals that use the Earth's magnetic field for navigation, geomagnetic drift may provide a unifying explanation for spatio-temporal variation in the movement patterns of many species.
28
Kilduff, D. Patrick, Louis W. Botsford, and Steven L. H. Teo. "Spatial and temporal covariability in early ocean survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) along the west coast of North America." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 7 (March 23, 2014): 1671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu031.
Abstract:
Abstract Knowledge of the spatial and temporal extent of covariation in survival during the critical ocean entry stage will improve our understanding of how changing ocean conditions influence salmon productivity and management. We used data from the Pacific coastwide coded-wire tagging program to investigate local and regional patterns of ocean survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Central Valley of California to southeastern Alaska from 1980–2006. Ocean survival of fish migrating as subyearlings covaried strongly from Vancouver Island to California. Short-term correlations between adjacent regions indicated this covariability increased, beginning in the early 1990s. Chinook salmon survivals exhibited a larger spatial scale of variability (50% correlation scale: 706 km) than those reported for other northeast Pacific Ocean salmon. This scale is similar to that of environmental variables related to ecosystem productivity, such as summer upwelling (50% correlation scale: 746 km) and sea surface temperature (50% correlation scale: 500–600 km). Chinook salmon ocean survival rates from southeastern Alaska and south of Vancouver Island were not inversely correlated, in contrast to earlier observations based on catch data, but note that our data differ in temporal and spatial coverage from those studies. The increased covariability in Chinook salmon ocean survival suggests that the marine phase contributes little to the reduction in risk across populations attributable to the portfolio effect. In addition, survival of fish migrating as yearlings from the Columbia River covaried with Chinook salmon survival from the northernmost regions, consistent with our understanding of their migration patterns.
29
Stubbington, Rachel. "The hyporheic zone as an invertebrate refuge: a review of variability in space, time, taxa and behaviour." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 4 (2012): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11196.
Abstract:
The hyporheic zone is a potential refuge that can promote persistence of benthic invertebrates during adverse conditions in surface streams. For decades, changes in invertebrate depth distribution have been investigated in relation to flood, low flow and drying events, but evidence for use of the hyporheic refuge remains equivocal. This review examines the evidence for the hyporheic zone’s refugial role during adverse hydrological conditions. Refuge potential is influenced by determinants in four categories. First, refuge use varies spatially in relation to physical habitat parameters, including sediment porosity and hydrologic exchange. Second, refuge use is temporally variable and reflects disturbance characteristics including rate of onset. Third, refuge use is taxon-specific, depending on a range of morphological, behavioural and physiological traits. Fourth, the behaviours governing refuge use vary, with both active migrations and passive habitat use playing important roles in community persistence. These four determinants interact to influence refuge use; for example, the physical habitat providing an adequate refuge will vary between taxa. Despite this variability, the hyporheic zone is an important component in the suite of refuges that facilitate community resilience to disturbance events. As such, its ecological integrity should be safeguarded through sensitive management and effective rehabilitation schemes.
30
Liu, Xiaoyang, Nan Ding, Giacomo Fiumara, Pasquale De Meo, and Annamaria Ficara. "Dynamic Community Discovery Method Based on Phylogenetic Planted Partition in Temporal Networks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 9, 2022): 3795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083795.
Abstract:
As most of the community discovery methods are researched by static thought, some community discovery algorithms cannot represent the whole dynamic network change process efficiently. This paper proposes a novel dynamic community discovery method (Phylogenetic Planted Partition Model, PPPM) for phylogenetic evolution. Firstly, the time dimension is introduced into the typical migration partition model, and all states are treated as variables, and the observation equation is constructed. Secondly, this paper takes the observation equation of the whole dynamic social network as the constraint between variables and the error function. Then, the quadratic form of the error function is minimized. Thirdly, the Levenberg–Marquardt (L–M) method is used to calculate the gradient of the error function, and the iteration is carried out. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out under the experimental environment of artificial networks and real networks. The experimental results show that: compared with FaceNet, SBM + MLE, CLBM, and PisCES, the proposed PPPM model improves accuracy by 5% and 3%, respectively. It is proven that the proposed PPPM method is robust, reasonable, and effective. This method can also be applied to the general social networking community discovery field.
31
Worner, S. P., G. O. Lankin, S. Samarasinghe, and D. A. J. Teulon. "Improving prediction of aphid flights by temporal analysis of input data for an artificial neural network." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3897.
Abstract:
Weather data in its raw form frequently contains irrelevant and noisy information Often the hardest task in model development regardless of the technique used is translating independent variables from their raw form into data relevant to a particular model A sequential or cascading temporal correlation analysis was used to identify weather sequences that were strongly correlated with aphid trap catches recorded at Lincoln Canterbury New Zealand over 19822000 Trap catches in the previous year and 13 weather sequences associated with eight climate variables were identified as significant predictors of aphid trap catch during the autumn flight period The variables were used to train artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict the size of autumn aphid migrations into cereal crops in Canterbury Such models would assist cereal growers to make better informed and more timely pest management decisions ANN predictive performance was compared with multiple regression predictions using jackknifed data The ANN gave superior prediction compared with multiple regression over 13 jackknifed years
32
Jakob, Christiane, Claude Miaud, Alain J. Crivelli, and Michael Veith. "How to cope with periods of drought? Age at maturity, longevity, and growth of marbled newts (Triturus marmoratus) in Mediterranean temporary ponds." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 1905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-164.
Abstract:
We studied age at maturity, longevity, and growth in a marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) population in southwestern France. Parameters of the life cycle such as date of migration, reproductive period, and terrestrial activity were documented for three neighbouring temporary ponds. This Mediterranean marbled newt population was characterized by aestivation and hibernation periods, a prolonged aquatic phase in adults, and a presence of juveniles in water. Aestivation and hibernation lead to distinct growth periods as determined by skeletochronology. Minimum age at maturity was 2 and 3 years, whereas maximum age observed was 8 and 9 years in males and females, respectively. A higher growth rate and a lower survival rate were found in this Mediterranean population compared with other populations exposed to variable environmental conditions in western Europe.
33
García-Carrasco, José-María, Antonio-Román Muñoz, Jesús Olivero, Marina Segura, and Raimundo Real. "Predicting the spatio-temporal spread of West Nile virus in Europe." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): e0009022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009022.
Abstract:
West Nile virus is a widely spread arthropod-born virus, which has mosquitoes as vectors and birds as reservoirs. Humans, as dead-end hosts of the virus, may suffer West Nile Fever (WNF), which sometimes leads to death. In Europe, the first large-scale epidemic of WNF occurred in 1996 in Romania. Since then, human cases have increased in the continent, where the highest number of cases occurred in 2018. Using the location of WNF cases in 2017 and favorability models, we developed two risk models, one environmental and the other spatio-environmental, and tested their capacity to predict in 2018: 1) the location of WNF; 2) the intensity of the outbreaks (i.e. the number of confirmed human cases); and 3) the imminence of the cases (i.e. the Julian week in which the first case occurred). We found that climatic variables (the maximum temperature of the warmest month and the annual temperature range), human-related variables (rain-fed agriculture, the density of poultry and horses), and topo-hydrographic variables (the presence of rivers and altitude) were the best environmental predictors of WNF outbreaks in Europe. The spatio-environmental model was the most useful in predicting the location of WNF outbreaks, which suggests that a spatial structure, probably related to bird migration routes, has a role in the geographical pattern of WNF in Europe. Both the intensity of cases and their imminence were best predicted using the environmental model, suggesting that these features of the disease are linked to the environmental characteristics of the areas. We highlight the relevance of river basins in the propagation dynamics of the disease, as outbreaks started in the lower parts of the river basins, from where WNF spread towards the upper parts. Therefore, river basins should be considered as operational geographic units for the public health management of the disease.
34
Reynalte-Tataje, David Augusto, Keshiyu Nakatani, Rodrigo Fernandes, Angelo Antônio Agostinho, and Andréa Bialetzki. "Temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Ivinhema River (Mato Grosso do Sul State/ Brazil): influence of environmental variables." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 2 (June 10, 2011): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011005000017.
Abstract:
Information on ichthyoplankton is an important tool in determining reproduction periods that - if associated to environmental variables - allows for inferences about the factors that regulate their intensity, beginning, and ending. In this context, this study aims to establish (i) ichthyoplankton composition; (ii) temporal variations in the overall density of eggs and larvae and among the most important taxa; and (iii) the influence of some abiotic and biotic variables on these organisms' abundance. Ichthyoplankton sampling was undertaken during the period between April 2005 and March 2006 at the Ivinhema River, upper Paraná River basin (MS/Brazil). Differences in the ichthyoplankton's temporal variation were evaluated using unifactorial ANOVAs. Principal Component Analysis and Pearson's correlation were used for the relationships between eggs and larvae densities and environmental variables. A total of 3,341 eggs and 2,896 larvae were captured during the period studied, and most of them were medium-sized and large species that carried out some type of reproductive migration. The highest densities of eggs and larvae occurred during the months of spring and summer, except for those of Bryconamericus stramineus, which was most abundant during the winter. The density of ichthyoplankton was most positively correlated with the water's outflow and temperature. However, Plagioscion squamosissimus was positively related to the increase in pH and in zooplanktonic organisms, while B. stramineus was inversely correlated with water outflow and temperature. The study concludes that spawning is most intense in the spring and summer, especially between November and January, and is related to the greatest values of water temperature and outflow. Nevertheless, the response and reproductive intensity in relation to the environmental variables vary according to the species.
35
Wang, Jianjun, Graham J. Pierce, Peter R. Boyle, Vincent Denis, Jean-Paul Robin, and Jose M. Bellido. "Spatial and temporal patterns of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) abundance and environmental influences – a case study using trawl fishery data in French Atlantic coastal, English Channel, and adjacent waters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no. 5 (January 1, 2003): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00118-8.
Abstract:
Abstract The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of cuttlefish abundance and the relationships between cuttlefish abundance and environmental variables in the French Atlantic coast, the English Channel, and adjacent waters were studied using both geographical information system and statistical methods. Cuttlefish have a clear general annual migration pattern, consistently occurring in broadly the same areas in different years. The strength of the Atlantic currents into the west part of the English Channel and the south part of the Celtic Sea may be the dominant influence on the timing of cuttlefish migration to these areas. Local abundance shows a positive correlation with SST, although it is difficult to determine if this reflects any causal link. Cuttlefish expand their distribution further north in the spawning season in warm years and shift south in cool years. The centre of high abundance in offshore deep water shifts north in warm winters and south in cool winters.
36
De Deus, Filipe, and Karl-L. Schuchmann. "TEMPORAL DYNAMICS IN PANTANAL HUMMINGBIRD ASSEMBLAGES IS TRIGGERED BY FLOOD PULSE." Ornitología Neotropical 34, no. 2 (July 27, 2023): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1133.
Abstract:
Abstract ∙ Hummingbirds (Trochilidae) are highly specialized New World birds that depend on nectar as their major food source. In response to seasonal food limitations, many trochilids develop dispersal and long-distance migration patterns, but these patterns are understudied for many continental South American species. In this study, conducted in the Brazilian Pantanal, we investigated the movement patterns of hummingbirds in a highly variable environment, where an annual flood pulse leads to four distinctive seasonal periods (high water, receding water, dry period, and rising water). Our objective was to verify how these four periods affected the hummingbird community according to habitat occupation in savannas or forests. This study was conducted in the northeastern Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil (16° 39'S, 56°47'W, 119–131 m a.s.l.), covering two annual inundation periods (2014–2016). Data were collected using mist net sampling. Two migrant and seven resident species were identified. The results indicated significant differences in hummingbird species richness and abundance between habitats; savanna habitats were the richest habitats during rainy seasons (rising and high water). Higher hummingbird abundance in these seasonal periods was seemingly related to higher food availability since these seasons corresponded to the main flowering period of ornithophilous plants and other angiosperms.
37
Merkle, Jerod A., Kevin L. Monteith, Ellen O. Aikens, Matthew M. Hayes, Kent R. Hersey, Arthur D. Middleton, Brendan A. Oates, Hall Sawyer, Brandon M. Scurlock, and Matthew J. Kauffman. "Large herbivores surf waves of green-up during spring." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1833 (June 29, 2016): 20160456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0456.
Abstract:
The green wave hypothesis (GWH) states that migrating animals should track or ‘surf’ high-quality forage at the leading edge of spring green-up. To index such high-quality forage, recent work proposed the instantaneous rate of green-up (IRG), i.e. rate of change in the normalized difference vegetation index over time. Despite this important advancement, no study has tested the assumption that herbivores select habitat patches at peak IRG. We evaluated this assumption using step selection functions parametrized with movement data during the green-up period from two populations each of bighorn sheep, mule deer, elk, moose and bison, totalling 463 individuals monitored 1–3 years from 2004 to 2014. Accounting for variables that typically influence habitat selection for each species, we found seven of 10 populations selected patches exhibiting high IRG—supporting the GWH. Nonetheless, large herbivores selected for the leading edge, trailing edge and crest of the IRG wave, indicating that other mechanisms (e.g. ruminant physiology) or measurement error inherent with satellite data affect selection for IRG. Our evaluation indicates that IRG is a useful tool for linking herbivore movement with plant phenology, paving the way for significant advancements in understanding how animals track resource quality that varies both spatially and temporally.
38
Viard, Frédérique, Fabienne Justy, and Philippe Jarne. "Population Dynamics Inferred From Temporal Variation at Microsatellite Loci in the Selfing Snail Bulinus truncatus." Genetics 146, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.3.973.
Abstract:
We analyzed short-term forces acting on the genetics of subdivided populations based on a temporal survey of the microsatellite variability in the hermaphrodite freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus. This species inhabits temporary habitats, has a short generation time and exhibits variable rates of selfing. We studied the variability over three sampling dates in 12 Sahelian populations (1161 individuals). Classical genetic parameters (estimators of Ho, He, f selfing rate and Fst) showed limited change over time whereas important temporal changes of allelic frequencies were detected for 10 of the ponds studied. These variations are not easily explained by selection, sampling drift and genetic drift alone and may be due to periodic migration. Indeed the habitats occupied by the populations studied are subject to large temporal fluctuations owing to annual cycles of drought and flood. In such ponds our results support a demographic model of population expansions and contractions under which available habitats, after the rainy season, are colonized by individuals originating from a smaller number of refuges (areas that never dry out in the deepest parts of the ponds). In contrast, selfing appeared to be an important force affecting the genetic structure in permanent ponds.
39
Rodríguez Rico, Reynier. "Diferencias de género en la migración interna hacia La Habana durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX." RIEM. Revista internacional de estudios migratorios 8, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/riem.v8i2.2318.
Abstract:
El presente artículo se traza como objetivo fundamental establecer las diferencias de género en el proceso de decisión y los motivos de la migración interna hacia La Habana en el periodo que media entre los años 1959 y 2000. Se parte de la utilización de métodos estadísticos descriptivos, índices y medidas tomadas del análisis demográfico que permiten comprobar, de un lado, el comportamiento de los saldos migratorios positivos que se localizan en la capital cubana y del otro, una feminización cuantitativa que se presenta como indefectible antecedente en la relación género-migración. Sin embargo, el análisis es aleccionador cuando se examina la participación e interacción de hombres y mujeres en el contexto de roles y actividades que le son asignados diferentemente a unos y otros desde un conjunto de variables sociodemográficas que permiten caracterizar este proceso migratorio. En este caso se emplean tablas de doble entrada o crosstabs, que provenientes de la Estadística Descriptiva, aportan el porcentaje diferencial que marcan los géneros en lo que respecta a la conducta migratoria. De esta forma, se logra un perfil de los migrantes, que desde su socialización y el género en una perspectiva integradora, permiten una comprensión abreviada de tres perfiles temporales notablemente diferenciados y estrechamente ligados a los acontecimientos socioeconómicos que acontecen en Cuba. The present article characterizes the decision making process and migratory reasons towards the city of Havana in the period 1959-2000, from a gender perspective; that allows analyzing the participation and interaction of men and women in this process, based on the norms and values that prevail in society and that will influence the roles and activities that are assigned differently to each other from a set of socio-demographic variables which intervene in this process. Descriptive statistical methods are used, as well as indexes and measures taken from the demographic analysis that allow to verify: first, a quantitative feminization in the migration, and secondly, the majority percentage weight that men versus women mark with respect to this set of socio-demographic characteristics. Finally, three temporal profiles are constructed that describe the behaviour by gender in the decision and the reasons for the migration.
40
Novcic, Ivana. "Weak niche partitioning by migrating shorebirds in a single-food-type environment." Avian Biology Research 12, no. 3 (April 4, 2019): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758155919841279.
Abstract:
This study examined foraging niche partitioning among coexisting species of shorebirds on a sandy beach dominated by a single food type, Horseshoe Crab ( Limulus polyphemus) eggs, where use of foraging microhabitats of limited variety is temporarily restricted due to tidal cycle. The major goal of the study was to examine whether co-occurring species differed in selection of foraging microhabitats and use of feeding techniques. Ruddy Turnstone ( Arenaria interpres), Red Knot ( Calidris canutus), and Sanderling ( Calidris alba) foraged significantly more on sand and gravel compared to pools and swash zone, Semipalmated Sandpiper ( Calidris pusilla) foraged significantly more on sand and gravel compared to swash zone, but not significantly more compared to pools, while differences in use of microhabitats by Dunlin ( Calidris alpina), and Short-billed Dowitcher ( Limnodromus griseus) were non-significant. Turnstones used digging and turning stones, and pecking significantly more than probing, Semipalmated Sandpipers used pecking significantly more than probing, while all other species used probing significantly more than pecking. Knots and Sanderlings had the highest level of overlap both in use of microhabitats and foraging techniques, while turnstones and dowitchers had the lowest. Ruddy Turnstones were the only birds that used digging and turning stones to obtain food and these two foraging methods seemed to be the most important variables discriminating turnstones from other co-occurring shorebirds. However, despite the slight differences in use of foraging methods and microhabitats by different species, this study documented weak partitioning among shorebirds, particularly between sandpipers and dowitchers. These results indicate that the short-term absence of clear niche partitioning on a local scale may occur in shorebird communities.
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Sheetz, Tyler, Joseph Mills, Anna Tessari, Megan Pawlikowski, Ashley E. Braddom, Tasha Posid, Debra L. Zynger, et al. "NCL Inhibition Exerts Antineoplastic Effects against Prostate Cancer Cells by Modulating Oncogenic MicroRNAs." Cancers 12, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071861.
Abstract:
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is only temporarily effective for advanced-stage PCa, as the disease inevitably progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The protein nucleolin (NCL) is overexpressed in several types of human tumors where it is also mislocalized to the cell surface. We previously reported the identification of a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) immuno-agent that is able to bind NCL on the surface of breast cancer cells and inhibit proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we evaluated whether NCL could be a valid therapeutic target for PCa, utilizing DU145, PC3 (CRPC), and LNCaP (androgen-sensitive) cell lines. First, we interrogated the publicly available databases and noted that higher NCL mRNA levels are associated with higher Gleason Scores as well as with recurrent and metastatic tumors. Then, using our anti-NCL scFv, we demonstrated that NCL is expressed on the surface of all three tested cell lines and that NCL inhibition results in reduced proliferation and migration. We also measured the inhibitory effect of NCL targeting on the biogenesis of oncogenic microRNAs such as miR-21, -221 and -222, which was cell context dependent. Taken together, our data provide evidence that NCL targeting inhibits the key hallmarks of malignancy in PCa cells and may provide a novel therapeutic option for patients with advanced-stage PCa.
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Lüchmann, Karim Hahn, Andrea Santarosa Freire, Nicolle Corrêa Ferreira, Fábio Gonçalves Daura-Jorge, and Maria Risoleta Freire Marques. "Spatial and temporal variations in abundance and biomass of penaeid shrimps in the subtropical Conceição Lagoon, southern Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 2 (March 2008): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408000556.
Abstract:
This one-year study investigated spatial and temporal variations in the abundance and biomass of the pink shrimp species, Farfantepenaeus paulensis and Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis, in the Conceição Lagoon, southern Brazil (September 2003–August 2004). The influence of salinity, water temperature, and rainfall on shrimp distribution was evaluated. Shrimps were caught monthly at three areas within the Conceição Lagoon (Canto, CA; Centro, CE; and Costa, CO). A total of 744 shrimps were sampled, with F. brasiliensis being the dominant species. The two penaeid species were present throughout the year and significant differences were observed between seasons, with F. paulensis being more abundant during the summer and F. brasiliensis in the autumn, suggesting differential migration timing to the sea, differences in recruitment time and an ontogenetic temporal partitioning. Farfantepenaeus paulensis exhibited a homogeneous spatial distribution, whereas F. brasiliensis was more abundant in CE and CO, suggesting that habitats in this coastal lagoon are heterogeneous. Among the abiotic factors, temperature and salinity seemed to be important variables in defining seasonal and spatial patterns, respectively, of the abundance of F. brasiliensis.
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Schulte, K. F., V. Siegel, M. Hufnagl, T. Schulze, and A. Temming. "Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) derived from commercial logbook, landings, and vessel monitoring data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 1017–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa021.
Abstract:
Abstract In this study, logbook, landings, and vessel monitoring system data of German brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) fishers were combined to analyse spatial and temporal distribution patterns. Landings per unit effort (LPUE) were standardized to the efficiency level of a reference vessel. The standardization altered the spatial–temporal patterns of the LPUE as the vessels differed by a factor of up to 4.7. LPUE data were separated into two size classes according to sieve fractions. Small brown shrimps were characterized by LPUE values increasing early in the year in shallow waters, especially in estuaries in July. Subsequently, peak LPUE values are reached at the end of September in all depths, but with variable spatial patterns between years. LPUE data indicate a general outward migration between early summer and winter. In winter, large shrimp shows a clear increase in LPUE with depths mainly in regions adjacent to the Dutch coast and a reversed pattern close to the Danish coast. The large size class in winter—which consists mainly of mature or egg-bearing females—showed high LPUE values along two persistent diagonal bands in the German Bight. These patterns could lead to local recruitment overfishing, if fishermen are aware of such patterns.
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Malschinger, Paul, Susanne Vogl, and Brigitte Schels. "Einsteigen, aussteigen oder dranbleiben: Muster und Prädiktoren für die Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit aus dem Panel bei jungen Menschen." Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie 48, no. 3 (August 23, 2023): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11614-023-00545-z.
Abstract:
AbstractLongitudinal transition studies are central to youth research but face particular challenges owing to panel attrition. While adolescents can be easily reached through institutions, their lives change after they leave school. Consequently, keeping them in further panel waves becomes more difficult. This methodological paper explores factors that are related to different patterns of panel attrition. In addition to general factors of survey participation associated with socio-demographic variables, such as gender and social background, we also consider aspects related to the survey topic which could influence patterns of attrition, such as career choice, and the survey experience (i.e., the evaluation of the questionnaire in the first wave). We use data from a five-wave panel study with young people in Vienna. About 3000 respondents participated in the first survey wave during their last year in general-track secondary school (2017–2018 academic year), and they were then surveyed annually over the next four years (2019–2022). We find that a group of respondents remain continuously in the panel, while some drop out permanently at some point and others drop out temporarily but drop in again later. Based on logistic regression models, the results show that gender, migration background, parental occupational status, and school grades are related to patterns of attrition. The survey experience in the first wave is partly related to these factors. Our results can inform future studies regarding causes for and consequences of panel attrition.
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Krawitz, S., and M. Del Bigio. "Medial Temporal Lobe Dysgenesis and More in a Man with Hypochondroplasia and Epilepsy." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, s2 (September 2019): S62—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.262.
Abstract:
Hypochondroplasia, achondroplasia, and thanatophoric dysplasia are related at the molecular level, all caused by fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene mutations. They differ in severity. FGFR3 has critical roles in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathways during bone growth and cerebral cortical development. Mutations of the FGFR3 gene lead to constitutive activation of FGFR3. The well-described brain malformation in thanatophoric dysplasia is characterized by gross abnormalities of temporal lobe patterning and severe dysplasia of the hippocampus. Experimental models suggest that increased proliferation, abnormal migration, and decreased apoptosis are involved. However, reports of the brain findings in hypochondroplasia are based solely on radiologic imaging.We present the neuropathology of a 44 year-old man with hypochondroplasia, epilepsy, and significant intellectual disability. The temporal lobes are enlarged, prominent fissures traverse the inferior temporal surface, and the hippocampus is abnormally folded. Microscopically, the dentate gyrus is variably small or thin and is located near the edge of a gyrus. Ammon’s horn is displaced and meandering. Subicular-like clusters are profuse. Complex gyri resemble microgyria. White matter forms a subpial border in some gyri. In summary: medial temporal lobe dysgenesis.This individual also had many autistic features including stereotypies and head banging. The latter could explain another surprising set of brain abnormalities unrelated to the presumed FGFR3-related syndrome.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:1.Summarize current theories on the pathogenesis of FGFR3-related cortical malformation2.Describe the brain abnormalities in hypochondroplasia3.Identify the neuropathology resulting from head banging
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Wang, Ming, Dehua Mao, Yeqiao Wang, Kaishan Song, Hengqi Yan, Mingming Jia, and Zongming Wang. "Annual Wetland Mapping in Metropolis by Temporal Sample Migration and Random Forest Classification with Time Series Landsat Data and Google Earth Engine." Remote Sensing 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 3191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133191.
Abstract:
Wetlands provide various ecosystem services to urban areas, which are crucial for sustainable urban management. With intensified urbanization, there has been marked loss of urban natural wetland, degradation, and related urban disasters in the past several decades. Rapid and accurate mapping of urban wetland extent and change is thus critical for improving urban planning toward sustainability. Here, we have developed a rapid method for continuous mapping of urban wetlands (MUW) by combining automatic sample migration and the random forest algorithm (SM&RF), the so-called MUW_SM&RF. Using time series Landsat images, annual training samples were generated through spectral angular distance (SAD) and time series analysis. Combined with the RF algorithm, annual wetland maps in urban areas were derived. Employing the Google Earth Engine platform (GEE), the MUW_SM&RF was evaluated in four metropolitan areas in different geographical and climatic regions of China from 1990 to 2020, including Tianjin, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, and Wuhan. In all four study areas, the generated annual wetland maps had an overall accuracy of over 87% and a Kappa coefficient above 0.815. Compared with previously published datasets, the urban wetland areas derived using the MUW_SM&RF approach achieved improved accuracy and thus demonstrated its robustness for rapid mapping of urban wetlands. Urban wetlands in all four cities had variable distribution patterns and showed significantly decreased trends in the past three decades. The annual urban wetland data product generated by the MUW_SM&RF can provide invaluable information for sustainable urban planning and management, so as for assessment related to the United Nation’s sustainable development goals.
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Blouw, D. M., S. D. Saxon, and E. M. P. Chadwick. "Temporal Variation of Meristic Traits within an Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Stock, and Implications for Stock Identification." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-156.
Abstract:
The assumption is generally made in stock identification studies that variation within stocks is not confounded with variation among them. To evaluate whether this assumption is tenable we test the null hypothesis of temporal stability in five key meristic traits of a single stock of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We used smolts collected over a 10-yr period in the downstream migrations from one small river system. Individuals were tagged when captured and preserved, so we can estimate variability within, as well as among, runs. The meristic traits are remarkably homogenous within runs and cohorts. However, the null hypothesis of stability over time among runs and cohorts is strongly rejected for each trait. We conclude that temporal variation is both extensive and persistent. There is limited covariation among the traits, but they are largely independent of scores of environmental variables and of variation in the biological attributes of the stock. Because among-group variability is meaningful only in context of within-group variation, and because the within-group variation is large, our results have serious implications for sampling design in stock identification studies.
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Musmeci, Luciana R., María de los Ángeles Hernández, Luis O. Bala, and José A. Scolaro. "CAMBIOS TEMPORALES EN LA DIETA DEL PLAYERO ROJIZO (CALIDRIS CANUTUS RUFA) EN UN HUMEDAL DE PENÍNSULA VALDÉS, PATAGONIA ARGENTINA." Ornitología Neotropical 26, no. 2 (February 6, 2016): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v26i2.21.
Abstract:
Temporal variation in the diet of the Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) in a wetland from Península Valdés, Patagonia Argentina. – During their northward migration, Red Knots forage extensively in intertidal areas of Península Valdés (Patagonia, Argentina). This species has a small population and declines have been linked to reduced prey availability in migratory stopover sites. Thus, knowing the temporal variation in prey availability and diet is essential to understand population dynamics in the Red Knot. We studied temporal variation in the diet of the Red Knot at Colombo Beach (northeastern Nuevo Gulf, Península Valdés). To evaluate prey availability, we sampled benthic invertebrates in March every study year. We collected 292 feces during April in 2002, 2003, 2006, and 2007. Prey items were identified by using key hard structures. The clam Darina solenoides was the most common prey positively selected every year (Savage index), although in some years the polychaete Travisia olens was also selected. Other, less important prey items were seeds, mussels, insects, crustaceans, isopods, amphipods, ostracods, the snail Buccinanops globulosus, and the clam Tellina petitiana. Red Knots selected clams in variable size ranges depending on the year (10–18 mm in 2002, 8–22 mm in 2003, 10–20 in 2006, and 18–26 mm in 2007 mm). In the years where the contribution to biomass by the clam D. solenoids was lower, knots had a higher trophic diversity. Diet composition varied between years mainly due to differences in the intake of polychaetes.
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Yakovleva, Kristina D., Diana V. Dmitrenko, Iulia S. Panina, Anna A. Usoltseva, Kirill A. Gazenkampf, Olga V. Konovalenko, Elena A. Kantimirova, Maxim A. Novitsky, Regina F. Nasyrova, and Natalia A. Shnayder. "Expression Profile of miRs in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020951.
Abstract:
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common forms of focal epilepsy in children and adults. TLE is characterized by variable onset and seizures. Moreover, this form of epilepsy is often resistant to pharmacotherapy. The search for new mechanisms for the development of TLE may provide us with a key to the development of new diagnostic methods and a personalized approach to the treatment. In recent years, the role of non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNA) has been actively studied, among which microRNA (miR) is of the greatest interest. (1) Background: The purpose of the systematic review is to analyze the studies carried out on the role of miRs in the development of mesial TLE (mTLE) and update the existing knowledge about the biomarkers of this disease. (2) Methods: The search for publications was carried out in the databases PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, Clinicalkeys, Scopus, OxfordPress, Cochrane. The search was carried out using keywords and combinations. We analyzed publications for 2016–2021, including original studies in an animal model of TLE and with the participation of patients with TLE, thematic and systemic reviews, and Cochrane reviews. (3) Results: this thematic review showed that miR‒155, miR‒153, miR‒361‒5p, miR‒4668‒5p, miR‒8071, miR‒197‒5p, miR‒145, miR‒181, miR‒199a, miR‒1183, miR‒129‒2‒3p, miR‒143‒3p (upregulation), miR–134, miR‒0067835, and miR‒153 (downregulation) can be considered as biomarkers of mTLE. However, the roles of miR‒146a, miR‒142, miR‒106b, and miR‒223 are questionable and need further study. (4) Conclusion: In the future, it will be possible to consider previously studied miRs, which have high specificity and sensitivity in mTLE, as prognostic biomarkers (predictors) of the risk of developing this disease in patients with potentially epileptogenic structural damage to the mesial regions of the temporal lobe of the brain (congenital disorders of the neuronal migration and neurogenesis, brain injury, neuro-inflammation, tumor, impaired blood supply, neurodegeneration, etc.).
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Olyott, L. J. H., W. H. H. Sauer, and A. J. Booth. "Spatio-temporal patterns in maturation of the chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) off the coast of South Africa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 9 (January 1, 2006): 1649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.06.011.
Abstract:
Abstract Knowledge of the temporal and spatial characteristics of chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) biology in South African waters is limited, so the possibility of there being a geographically fragmented stock was examined by investigating the distribution of maturity patterns for the species, covering all known spawning areas and using both historical and recent data. Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) varied between year-round consistency and apparent seasonal peaks in both summer and winter; there was no clear spatial pattern. Monthly percentage maturity provided further evidence for two peak reproductive periods each year, although mature squid were present throughout. Sex ratios demonstrated great variability between different areas and life history stages. Male-biased sex ratios were only apparent on the inshore spawning grounds and ranged between 1.118:1 and 4.267:1. Size at sexual maturity was also seasonal, squid maturing smaller in winter/spring than in summer/autumn. Also, squid in the east matured smaller than squid in the west. Although the results from the present study do not provide conclusive evidence of distinct geographic populations, squid likely spawn over a significantly larger area of the Agulhas Bank than previously estimated, and squid on the west coast of South Africa may return to spawn on the western portion of the Agulhas Bank. It remains likely, however, that the east and west coast populations are a single stock and that migration of juveniles to the west coast and their subsequent return as sub-adults is an integral but non-essential and variable part of the life history.