Journal articles on the topic 'Temporal verification effectiveness'
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1
FIORAVANTI, FABIO, ALBERTO PETTOROSSI, MAURIZIO PROIETTI, and VALERIO SENNI. "Generalization strategies for the verification of infinite state systems." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2012): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068411000627.
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AbstractWe present a method for the automated verification of temporal properties of infinite state systems. Our verification method is based on the specialization of constraint logic programs (CLP) and works in two phases: (1) in the first phase, a CLP specification of an infinite state system is specialized with respect to the initial state of the system and the temporal property to be verified, and (2) in the second phase, the specialized program is evaluated by using a bottom-up strategy. The effectiveness of the method strongly depends on the generalization strategy which is applied during the program specialization phase. We consider several generalization strategies obtained by combining techniques already known in the field of program analysis and program transformation, and we also introduce some new strategies. Then, through many verification experiments, we evaluate the effectiveness of the generalization strategies we have considered. Finally, we compare the implementation of our specialization-based verification method to other constraint-based model checking tools. The experimental results show that our method is competitive with the methods used by those other tools.
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Kongburan, Wutthipong, and Denduang Pradubsuwun. "Formal Verification of WS-BPEL Using Timed Trace Theory." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1452.
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A web service composition is able to create a new service by incorporating some existing web services. Currently, Web Service Business Process Execution Language or WS-BPEL is a promising language used to describe the web service composition. Since in the real world most of business processes have been involved temporal context and they are quite complex interaction, it is impossible to completely eliminate all failures in them. Therefore, a formal verification is required to assure the correctness and reliability of the web service composition. In this paper, timed trace theory has been applied to verify the web service composition with temporal constraints. Both safety and timing failures can be examined. Experimenting with a ticket reservation system, the proposed approach shows its effectiveness.
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Zhang, Lanfang, Zhiyong Zhang, and Ting Zhao. "A Novel Spatio-Temporal Access Control Model for Online Social Networks and Visual Verification." International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcac.2021040102.
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With the rapid development of mobile internet, a large number of online social networking platforms and tools have been widely applied. As a classic method for protecting the privacy and information security of social users, access control technology is evolving with the spatio-temporal change of social application requirements and scenarios. However, nowadays there is a lack of effective theoretical model of social spatio-temporal access control as a guide. This paper proposed a novel spatio-temporal access control model for online social network (STAC) and its visual verification, combined with the advantages of discretionary access control, using formal language to describe the access control rules based on spatio-temporal, and real-life scenarios for access control policy description, realizes a more fine-grained access control mechanism for social network. By using the access control verification tool ACPT developed by NIST to visually verify the proposed model, the security and effectiveness of the STAC model are proved.
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Shriyam, Shaurya, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "Modeling and verification of contingency resolution strategies for multi-robot missions using temporal logic." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 172988141988569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419885697.
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This article presents an approach for assessing contingency resolution strategies using temporal logic. We present a framework for nominal mission modeling, then specifying contingency resolution strategies and evaluating their effectiveness for the mission. Our approach focuses on leveraging the use of model checkers to the domain of multi-robot missions to assess the adequacy of contingency resolution strategies that minimize the adverse effects of contingencies on the mission execution. We consider missions with deterministic as well as probabilistic transitions. We demonstrate our approach using two case studies. We consider the escorting of a ship in a port where multiple contingencies may occur concurrently and assess the adequacy of the proposed contingency resolution strategies. We also consider a manufacturing scenario where multiple assembly stations collaborate to create a product. In this case, assembly operations may fail, and human intervention is needed to complete the assembly process. We investigate several different strategies and assess their effectiveness based on mission characteristics.
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Kubota, Yuki, Tomohiko Hayakawa, and Masatoshi Ishikawa. "Dynamic perceptive compensation for the rotating snakes illusion with eye tracking." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0247937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247937.
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This study developed a dynamic perceptive compensation system for the rotating snakes illusion (RSI) with eye tracking. Large eye movements, such as saccades and blinks, were detected with an eye tracker, and perceptive compensation was dynamically performed based on the characteristics of RSI perception. The proposed compensation system considered three properties: spatial dependence, temporal dependence, and individual dependence. Several psychophysical experiments were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system. After the preliminary verification and determination of the temporal-dependent function for RSI perception, the effects of gaze information on RSI control were investigated. Five algorithms were compared using paired comparison. This confirmed that the compensation system that took gaze information into account reduced the RSI effect better than compensation without gaze information at a significance threshold of p < 0.01, calculated with Bonferroni correction. Some algorithms that are dependent on gaze information reduced the RSI effects more stably than still RSI images, whereas spatially and temporally dependent compensation had a lower score than other compensation algorithms based on gaze information. The developed system and algorithm successfully controlled RSI perception in relation to gaze information. This study systematically handled gaze measurement, image manipulation, and compensation of illusory image, and can be utilized as a standard framework for the study of optical illusions in engineering fields.
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Vega Vice, Jorge, and Valery Mikhailov. "On Methods in the Verification and Elaboration of Development Programs for Agricultural Territories." Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems 25, no. 5 (October 28, 2018): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2018-5-481-490.
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Nowadays, the methods of program-targeted management for the development of various socio-economic systems of complex structure, such as agricultural areas, have become universal. Therefore, the current tasks at hand are the verification of already created development programs and the development of "proper" programs for the development of such systems, by analogy with the verification and development of proper computer programs through developed disciplines in theoretical programming. In this paper, in order to solve the problem of verification of development programs for agricultural territories, a structural scheme of the program is first constructed, through which the axiomatic theory is created, using Hoare’s algorithmic logic system. The main problem in the construction of the axiomatic theory is the development of the axioms of the theory reflecting the preconditions and effects of the implementation of meaningful actions indicated in the text of the development program. The verification of the development program corresponds to the probability of some Hoare triplet, according to the initial and target conditions of the program. For the task of elaboration of the right development programs, the mechanism for constructing a domain model using the PDDL family description languages is described. The description of a specific model is purely declarative in nature and consists of descriptions of predicates and actions of the chosen subject area. In this paper, it is shown how on the described model with the help of intelligent planners, including temporal planners such as OPTIC, solutions to the targets of development programs can be automatically built. Based on expert knowledge and activity standards, a model of an agricultural territory is constructed, a brief description of which is given in the work. The conducted experiments showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the development of proper development programs.
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Yan, Zheng, Xiao Hui Peng, Yu Qiang Cheng, and Jian Jun Wu. "Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Integration Signed Directed Graph with Quantitative Knowledge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.359.
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Signed Directed Graph (SDG) has been widely applied to model the cause and effect behavior of process systems in recent years. However, SDG-based diagnosis has poorly discriminatory ability, because of the information loss while going from quantitative to qualitative domain. In this paper, a new method combining SDG with quantitative knowledge is presented to improve the discriminatory ability. In the method, a hybrid reasoning (forward and backward) strategy based on assumption and verification was applied to find all the potential fault sources and corresponding consistent paths in SDG model. Then the SDG-based method was modified by integrating governing equation and temporal information of the system, in order to improve the discriminatory ability. The method has been validated by the artificial telemetry data, and the effectiveness of the method has been confirmed. The method proposed can provide important practical value for the development of on-board fault diagnosis system of spacecraft propulsion systems.
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Panokin, Alexander M. "THE IDEA OF REVIEWING CRIMINAL COURT RULINGS AND THE FIRST EXPERIENCES OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION EMERGED." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 37 (2020): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/37/8.
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From the very early stages of development, the state resolves social conflicts related to the crime committed. However, decisions made as a result of such conflicts begin to be challenged by their participants, which shows that there is an objective need for the right to appeal and review court decisions. This suggests that the right to appeal and review court decisions is objectively required. It is important to bear in mind that at the initial stages of statehood development, there is no procedural separation of appeals from other forms of verification of court decisions. The search for the effectiveness of such an audit is directed towards identifying the officials vested with the authority to carry out it, the subject of the appeal, the means of verification and its results. Further development of the idea under consideration has led to the emergence of various forms of verification of court decisions. Verification of court decisions in criminal cases is also objectively conditioned by the nature of criminal proceedings due to the impossibility of excluding court errors, including the limited cognitive abilities of a person. The close relationship between verification and the nature of social relations is indicated by the fact that, having emerged a few thousand years ago, such verification still exists today and will not be necessary in the future no matter how civilisation develops. Public relations give rise to certain types of miscarriages of justice (in establishing factual circumstances, in applying legal rules or in factual and legal matters at the same time), depending on which there is a differentiation in the way court decisions are checked, which is a response to the nature of the miscarriage of justice. Of course, the ways of verifying judicial acts are different because judicial errors are different. A generalisation and analysis of the history of verification of court judgments make it possible to identify their typological, repetitive and characteristic features which serve as grounds for classification. Such grounds are the entities authorised to carry out the audit, the means of verification, justification and argumentation at a higher authority and the types of decisions it makes. The first experiences with the idea of verifying criminal court decisions are extremely diverse. While many of the trends in the development of such verification are repeated, its morphological forms are different. At the stage of historical development under consideration, there is no close relationship between the individual states, so that the verification of court decisions in each state is formed with a small number of borrowings. This experience is interesting because it is unique for each state in a particular historical period. The formation and institutionalisation of court review is determined by the spatial, temporal, cultural, legal and other characteristics of individual states. On the one hand, various countries are aware of the need to create national judicial systems, and on the other hand, each state does this inde-pendently, using its own approaches.
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Zhang, Qiang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Jie Li, Yuan Wang, Fujun Sun, and Liangpei Zhang. "Generating seamless global daily AMSR2 soil moisture (SGD-SM) long-term products for the years 2013–2019." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 1385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1385-2021.
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Abstract. High-quality and long-term soil moisture products are significant for hydrologic monitoring and agricultural management. However, the acquired daily Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) soil moisture products are incomplete in global land (just about 30 %–80 % coverage ratio), due to the satellite orbit coverage and the limitations of soil moisture retrieval algorithms. To solve this inevitable problem, we develop a novel spatio-temporal partial convolutional neural network (CNN) for AMSR2 soil moisture product gap-filling. Through the proposed framework, we generate the seamless daily global (SGD) AMSR2 long-term soil moisture products from 2013 to 2019. To further validate the effectiveness of these products, three verification methods are used as follows: (1) in situ validation, (2) time-series validation, and (3) simulated missing-region validation. Results show that the seamless global daily soil moisture products have reliable cooperativity with the selected in situ values. The evaluation indexes of the reconstructed (original) dataset are a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.685 (0.689), root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.097 (0.093), and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.079 (0.077). The temporal consistency of the reconstructed daily soil moisture products is ensured with the original time-series distribution of valid values. The spatial continuity of the reconstructed regions is in accordance with the spatial information (R: 0.963–0.974, RMSE: 0.065–0.073, and MAE: 0.044–0.052). This dataset can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417458 (Zhang et al., 2021).
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Yu, Wei, and Hong Li. "Development of 3D Finite Element Method for Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Transport in Groundwater as Well as Verification." Processes 7, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7020116.
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Groundwater contamination previously occurred at a broad range of locations in present-day China. There are thousands of kinds of contaminants which can be divided into soluble and insoluble categories in groundwater. In recent years, the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pollution that belongs to the multi-phase seepage flow phenomenon has become an increasingly prominent topic due to the challenge brought by groundwater purification and its treatment. Migrating with seepage flow and moving into the potable water sources, these contaminants directly endanger people’s health. Therefore, it is necessary to research how these contaminants not only migrate, but also are then accordingly remedied. First, as an analysis means, an effective numerical method is necessary to be built. A three-dimensional finite element method program for analyzing two-phase flow in porous media, which can be applied to the immiscible contaminant transport problem in subsurface flow has been developed in this paper. The fundamental theory and numerical discretization formulations are elaborated. The numerical difficulty brought about by the distinct non-linearity of the temporal evolution of saturation-dependent variables is overcome by the mixed-form formulation. The effectiveness of simultaneous solution (SS) method and its improvement in efficiency are explained. Finally, two computational examples are given for verifying the correctness and demonstrating the preliminary applicability. In addition, the function of two-phase immiscible flow, especially in Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) is used to simulate the same examples and the results are compared to further verify the correctness of the numerical development.
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Choi, Jun-Woo, Yong-Joon Jun, Jin-ha Yoon, Young-hak Song, and Kyung-Soon Park. "A Study of Energy Simulation Integrated Process by Automated Extraction Module of the BIM Geometry Module." Energies 12, no. 13 (June 26, 2019): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132461.
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Despite the international trend of actively utilizing BIM in the field of energy simulation, it is difficult to actively utilize BIM in domestic certification-related practice. As a result, the work process is not integrated and the work efficiency is reduced, such as the occurrence of redundant tasks. In this paper, the integrated process based on the BIM geometry information automated extraction module was presented and its effectiveness was reviewed and verified through self-developed automation module and uniformity and error-causing analysis. The construction of an integrated process through automatic configuration information extraction has the advantages of reducing the workload, enabling additional tasks through module function expansion, sharing information through the web, and ease of service manufacture. In addition, an experiment comparing the data of automatic and manual calculations with three subjects confirmed that automatic calculation database through automation module can produce a more reliable and uniform database with a lower proportion of human error than the manual calculation module. This not only improves the reliability of the energy simulation itself, but also reduces the human and temporal loads that occur during the post-simulation data verification process.
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Li, Longhao, and Yongshou Dai. "An adaptive soft sensor deterioration evaluation and model updating method for time-varying chemical processes." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 26, no. 2 (2020): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq190419032l.
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Due to the time-varying nature of chemical processes, soft sensor models deteriorate, and data prediction accuracy decreases. To address this problem, an adaptive soft sensor modeling method is proposed that not only evaluates the model deterioration by an adaptive moving window-constrained statistical hypothesis test, but also adaptively updates the modeling samples using moving window-cosine similarity. First, this method evaluates the model deterioration via positioning by constrained statistical hypothesis testing based on the differences between the prediction performance evaluation index data obtained from moving window stepping and the original prediction performance evaluation indexes. Additionally, the dynamic temporal variation in chemical processes causes changes in the impacts of the auxiliary variables on the dominant variable, and this effect limits the improvement in the prediction accuracy of the soft sensor model by updating only the auxiliary variable data. The moving window-cosine similarity method is combined to propose a strategy that updates both the modeled auxiliary variables and the auxiliary variable data. Finally, the parameters of the soft sensor model are optimized via particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the fitting performance. Simulated data of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and actual data from a debutanizer column process (DCP) are used for model verification to evaluate the performance of the proposed adaptive soft sensor modeling method, and the results show its effectiveness.
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Dawson, Daniel T., and Ming Xue. "Numerical Forecasts of the 15–16 June 2002 Southern Plains Mesoscale Convective System: Impact of Mesoscale Data and Cloud Analysis." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1607–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3141.1.
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Abstract High-resolution explicit forecasts using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) of the 15–16 June 2002 mesoscale convective system (MCS) that occurred over the U.S. central and southern plains during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) field experiment period are performed. The forecasts are designed to investigate the impact of mesoscale and convective-scale data on the initialization and prediction of an organized convective system. Specifically, the forecasts test the impact of special mesoscale surface and upper-air data collected by, but not necessarily specific to, IHOP_2002 and of level-II data from multiple Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler radars. The effectiveness of using 30-min assimilation cycles with the use of a complex cloud-analysis procedure and high-temporal-resolution surface data is also examined. The analyses and forecasts employ doubly nested grids, with resolutions of 9 and 3 km. Emphasis is placed on the solutions of the 3-km grid. In all forecasts, a strong, well-defined bow-shaped MCS is produced with structure and behavior similar to those of the observed system. Verification of these forecasts through both regular and phase-shifted equitable threat scores of the instantaneous composite reflectivity fields indicate that the use of the complex cloud analysis has the greatest positive impact on the prediction of the MCS, primarily by removing the otherwise needed “spinup” time of convection in the model. The impact of additional data networks is smaller and is reflected mainly in reducing the spinup time of the MCS too. The use of intermittent assimilation cycles appears to be quite beneficial when the assimilation window covers a time period when the MCS is present. Difficulties with verifying weather systems with high spatial and temporal intermittency are also discussed, and the use of both regular and spatially shifted equitable threat scores is found to be very beneficial in assessing the quality of the forecasts.
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El-Sayed, Hesham, Sharmi Sankar, Heng Yu, and Gokulnath Thandavarayan. "Benchmarking of Recommendation Trust Computation for Trust/Trustworthiness Estimation in HDNs." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 12, no. 5 (September 10, 2017): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2017.5.2895.
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In the recent years, Heterogeneous Distributed Networks (HDNs) is a predominant technology implemented to enable various application in different fields like transportation, medicine, war zone, etc. Due to its arbitrary self-organizing nature and temporary topologies in the spatial-temporal region, distributed systems are vulnerable with a few security issues and demands high security countermeasures. Unlike other static networks, the unique characteristics of HDNs demands cutting edge security policies. Numerous cryptographic techniques have been proposed by different researchers to address the security issues in HDNs. These techniques utilize too many resources, resulting in higher network overheads. This being classified under light weight security scheme, the Trust Management System (TMS) tends to be one of the most promising technology, featured with more efficiency in terms of availability, scalability and simplicity. It advocates both the node level validation and data level verification enhancing trust between the attributes. Further, it thwarts a wide range of security attacks by incorporating various statistical techniques and integrated security services. In this paper, we present a literature survey on different TMS that highlights reliable techniques adapted across the entire HDNs. We then comprehensively study the existing distributed trust computations and benchmark them in accordance to their effectiveness. Further, performance analysis is applied on the existing computation techniques and the benchmarked outcome delivered by Recommendation Trust Computations (RTC) is discussed. A Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve illustrates better accuracy for Recommendation Trust Computations (RTC), in comparison with Direct Trust Computations (DTC) and Hybrid Trust Computations (HTC). Finally, we propose the future directions for research and highlight reliable techniques to build an efficient TMS in HDNs.
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Onisawa, Takehisa. "Special Issue on Selected Papers in SCIS & ISIS 2004 – No.2." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 9, no. 3 (May 20, 2005): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2005.p0225.
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The Joint Conference of the 2nd International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and the 5th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS & ISIS 2004) held at Keio University in Yokohama, Japan, on September 21-24, 2004, attracted over 300 papers in fields such as mathematics, urban and transport planning, entertainment, intelligent control, learning, image processing, clustering, neural networks applications, evolutionary computation, system modeling, fuzzy measures, and robotics. The Program Committee requested reviewers in SCIS & ISIS 2004 to select papers for a special issue of the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence & Intelligent Informatics (JACIII), with 27 papers accepted for publication in a two-part SCIS & ISIS 2004 special – Vol.9, No.2, containing 13 and the second part containing 14. Paper 1 details tap-changer control using neural networks. Papers 2-5 deal with image processing and recognition – Paper 2 proposing a model of saliency-driven scene learning and recognition and applying its model to robotics, paper 3 discussing breast cancer recognition using evolutionary algorithms, paper 4 covering a revised GMDH-typed neural network model applied to medical image recognition, paper 5 presenting how to compensate for missing information in the acquisition of visual information applied to autonomous soccer robot control. Paper 6 details gene expressions networks for 4 fruit fly development stages. Paper 7 proposes an α-constrained particle swarm optimized for solving constrained optimization problem. Paper 8 develops a fuzzy-neuro multilayer perceptron using genetic algorithms for recognizing odor mixtures. Paper 9 discusses how to integrate symbols into neural networks for the fusion of computational and symbolic processing and its effectiveness demonstrated through simulations. Paper 10 proposes an electric dictionary using a set of nodes and links whose usefulness is verified in experiments. Paper 11 presents a multi-agent algorithm for a class scheduling problem, showing its feasibility through computer simulation. Paper 12 proposes inductive temporal formula specification in system verification, reducing memory and time in the task of system verification. Paper 13 applies an agent-based approach to modeling transport using inductive learning by travelers and an evolutionary approach. The last paper analyzes architectural floor plans using a proposed index classifying floor plans from the user's point of view. We thank reviewers for their time and effort in making these special issues available so quickly, and thank the JACIII editorial board, especially Editor-in-Chief Profs. Hirota and Fukuda and Managing Editor Kenta Uchino, for their invaluable aid and advice in putting these special issues together.
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Maksimovic, Mirjana, Vladimir Vujovic, Branko Perisic, and Vladimir Milosevic. "Developing a fuzzy logic based system for monitoring and early detection of residential fire based on thermistor sensors." Computer Science and Information Systems 12, no. 1 (2015): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis140330090m.
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The recent proliferation of global networking has an enormous impact on the cooperation of smart elements, of arbitrary kind and purpose that can be located anywhere and interact with each other according to the predefined protocol. Furthermore, these elements have to be intelligently orchestrated in order to support distributed sensing and/or monitoring/control of real world phenomena. That is why the Internet of Things (IoT) concept raises like a new, promising paradigm for Future Internet development. Considering that Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are envisioned as integral part of arbitrary IoTs, and the potentially huge number of cooperating IoTs that are usually used in the real world phenomena monitoring and management, the reliability of individual sensor nodes and the overall network performance monitoring and improvement are definitely challenging issues. One of the most interesting real world phenomena that can be monitored by WSN is indoor or outdoor fire. The incorporation of soft computing technologies, like fuzzy logic, in sensor nodes has to be investigated in order to gain the manageable network performance monitoring/control and the maximal extension of components life cycle. Many aspects, such as routes, channel access, locating, energy efficiency, coverage, network capacity, data aggregation and Quality of Services (QoS) have been explored extensively. In this article two fuzzy logic approaches, with temporal characteristics, are proposed for monitoring and determining confidence of fire in order to optimize and reduce the number of rules that have to be checked to make the correct decisions. We assume that this reduction may lower sensor activities without relevant impact on quality of operation and extend battery life directly contributing the efficiency, robustness and cost effectiveness of sensing network. In order to get a real time verification of proposed approaches a prototype sensor web node, based on Representational State Transfer (RESTful) services, is created as an infrastructure that supports fast critical event signaling and remote access to sensor data via the Internet.
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Hamacher, D., N. B. Singh, J. H. Van Dieën, M. O. Heller, and W. R. Taylor. "Kinematic measures for assessing gait stability in elderly individuals: a systematic review." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 65 (August 31, 2011): 1682–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0416.
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Falls not only present a considerable health threat, but the resulting treatment and loss of working days also place a heavy economic burden on society. Gait instability is a major fall risk factor, particularly in geriatric patients, and walking is one of the most frequent dynamic activities of daily living. To allow preventive strategies to become effective, it is therefore imperative to identify individuals with an unstable gait. Assessment of dynamic stability and gait variability via biomechanical measures of foot kinematics provides a viable option for quantitative evaluation of gait stability, but the ability of these methods to predict falls has generally not been assessed. Although various methods for assessing gait stability exist, their sensitivity and applicability in a clinical setting, as well as their cost-effectiveness, need verification. The objective of this systematic review was therefore to evaluate the sensitivity of biomechanical measures that quantify gait stability among elderly individuals and to evaluate the cost of measurement instrumentation required for application in a clinical setting. To assess gait stability, a comparative effect size (Cohen's d ) analysis of variability and dynamic stability of foot trajectories during level walking was performed on 29 of an initial yield of 9889 articles from four electronic databases. The results of this survey demonstrate that linear variability of temporal measures of swing and stance was most capable of distinguishing between fallers and non-fallers, whereas step width and stride velocity prove more capable of discriminating between old versus young (OY) adults. In addition, while orbital stability measures (Floquet multipliers) applied to gait have been shown to distinguish between both elderly fallers and non-fallers as well as between young and old adults, local stability measures ( λ s) have been able to distinguish between young and old adults. Both linear and nonlinear measures of foot time series during gait seem to hold predictive ability in distinguishing healthy from fall-prone elderly adults. In conclusion, biomechanical measurements offer promise for identifying individuals at risk of falling and can be obtained with relatively low-cost tools. Incorporation of the most promising measures in combined retrospective and prospective studies for understanding fall risk and designing preventive strategies is warranted.
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Yagi, Shinji, and Yuji Hasemi. "Requirements and Verification Methodology for the Design Performance of Tsunami-Hinan Buildings (Temporary Tsunami Refuge Building)." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0591.
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With the increasing possibility of large offshore earthquakes in Japan, the government is considering whether middle to high-rise structures could be used as temporary tsunami refuge buildings. This report presents a recent study on refuge-process modeling within such buildings and their utility seen through parametric analysis. Analysis showed a strong dependence of refuge effectiveness on the time when evacuation start and building occupancies. Design guidelines are proposed to improve evacuation performance for different types of occupancy.
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Kushnir, D. V., and Yu S. Tuchkovenko. "Modelling the variability of hydrological parameters of the Sasyk reservoir impoundment under various options of its operation." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 26 (December 22, 2020): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.26.2020.10.
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This paper highlights the results of adaptation and verification of the Delft3D Flexible Mesh numerical model under the conditions of the Sasyk reservoir. The objective of this work is to evaluate the expected spatio-temporal variability of water salinity in the Sasyk reservoir after completion of the Sasyk renaturalization project by means of establishing a constant water exchange with the sea through the artificial channel.
The Sasyk Lagoon was separated from the sea and transformed into a freshwater reservoir in the late 1970s. However, due to the poor water quality in the Sasyk reservoir in the modern period, the solution of the problem of transforming the reservoir to its original coastal conditions, i.e. the renaturalization, has acquired particular importance.
Model results, obtained under conditions of 2019, indicate the possibility of using a hydrodynamic model to evaluate the effectiveness and possible consequences of various scenario-based decisions to be implemented for the management of the hydrological regime of the reservoir under various options of its operation.
The model runs were used to evaluate the flushing time of the Sasyk Lagoon and the pattern of the salinity fluctuations in the reservoir after the restoration of the artificial channel in the sand bar with a width of 100 m and a depth of 1.5 m and the establishment of the constant “sea-lagoon” interconnection. Applying the hydrometeorological conditions of 2019, a scenario-based modelling for two consecutive years was performed. For the first year of the simulation, a variant of water management under the absence of freshwater inflow from the Danube and the presence of sea water inflow throughout the year was considered. The model results at the end of the first year of the simulation were set as the initial conditions for the second year, and the rest of the external forcing remained unchanged. Additionally, the variant considering the Danube discharge into the lagoon during May-July for the second year of simulation was investigated.
Based on the simulation results, it was found that in the case of a constant water exchange with the sea through the connecting “sea-lagoon” channel (with the abovementioned morphometric characteristics) and under the absence of the Danube freshwater inflow throughout the year: 1) the flushing time of the lagoon will be 1 year and 5 months; 2) stabilization of water salinity in the lagoon will not occur, i.e. the salinization of the lagoon water takes place in the long-term perspective; 3) the time period from the moment of initiating the water exchange with the sea, during which the lagoon reaches the water salinity limit of 7-8 ‰, that is critical for the existence of freshwater species of flora and fauna, is expected to amount to 4 months for the southern part and to 5.5 months for the northern part of the lagoon; after which the formation of the marine ecosystem of the reservoir will begin.
It is shown that the stabilization of water salinity in the lagoon in the second year of the simulation can be achieved under conditions of ensuring the Danubian freshwater discharge in the period of significantly higher water level in the Danube River, compared to the lagoon water level (May-July 2019).
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Wang, M., T. Zhu, J. Zheng, R. Y. Zhang, S. Q. Zhang, X. X. Xie, Y. Q. Han, and Y. Li. "Use of a mobile laboratory to evaluate changes in on-road air pollutants during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 21 (November 3, 2009): 8247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8247-2009.
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Abstract. China implemented systematic air pollution control measures during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics and Paralympics to improve air quality. This study used a versatile mobile laboratory to conduct in situ monitoring of on-road air pollutants along Beijing's Fourth Ring Road on 31 selected days before, during, and after the Olympics air pollution control period. A suite of instruments with response times of less than 30 s was used to measure temporal and spatial variations in traffic-related air pollutants, including NOx, CO, PM1.0 surface area (S(PM1)), black carbon (BC), and benzene, toluene, the sum of ethylbenzene, and m-, p-, and o-xylene (BTEX). During the Olympics (8–23 August, 2008), on-road air pollutant concentrations decreased significantly, by up to 54% for CO, 41% for NOx, 70% for SO2, 66% for BTEX, 12% for BC, and 18% for SPM1, compared with the pre-control period (before 20 July). Concentrations increased again after the control period ended (after 20 September), with average increases of 33% for CO, 42% for NOx, 60% for SO2, 40% for BTEX, 26% for BC, and 37% for S(PM1), relative to the control period. Variations in pollutants concentrations were correlated with changes in traffic speed and the number and types of vehicles on the road. Throughout the measurement periods, the concentrations of NOx, CO, and BTEX varied markedly with the numbers of light- and medium-duty vehicles (LDVs and MDVs, respectively) on the road. Only after 8 August was a noticeable relationship found between BC and S(PM1) and the number of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). Additionally, BC and S(PM1) showed a strong correlation with SO2 before the Olympics, indicating possible industrial sources from local emissions as well as regional transport activities in the Beijing area. Such factors were identified in measurements conducted on 6 August in an area southwest of Beijing. The ratio of benzene to toluene, a good indicator of traffic emissions, shifted suddenly from about 0.26 before the Olympics to approximately 0.48 after the Olympics began. This finding suggests that regulations on traffic volume and restrictions on the use of painting solvents were effective after the Olympics began. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of air pollution control measures and identified local and regional pollution sources within and surrounding the city of Beijing. The findings will be invaluable for emission inventory evaluations and model verifications.
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Wang, M., T. Zhu, J. Zheng, R. Y. Zhang, S. Q. Zhang, X. X. Xie, Y. Q. Han, and Y. Li. "Use of a mobile laboratory to evaluate changes in on-road air pollutants during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (June 5, 2009): 12857–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-12857-2009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. China implemented systematic air pollution control measures during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics and Paralympics to improve air quality. This study used an innovative mobile laboratory to conduct in situ monitoring of on-road air pollutants along Beijing's 4th Ring Road on 31 selected days before, during, and after the Olympics air pollution control period. A suite of instruments with response times of less than 30 s was used to measure temporal and spatial variations in traffic-related air pollutants, including NOx, CO, PM1.0 surface area (SPM1), black carbon (BC), and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-, p-, and o-xylene (BTEX). During the Olympics (8–23 August 2008), on-road air pollutant concentrations decreased significantly by up to 54% for CO, 41% for NOx, 70% for SO2, 66% for BTEX, 12% for BC, and 18% for SPM1 compared to the pre-control period (before 20 July). Concentrations increased again after the control period ended (after 20 September), with average increases of 33% for CO, 42% for NOx, 60% for SO2, 40% for BTEX, 26% for BC, and 37% for SPM1. Variations in pollutants concentrations were correlated with changes in traffic speed and the number and types of vehicles on the road. Throughout the measurement periods, the concentrations of NOx, CO, and BTEX varied markedly with the numbers of light- and medium-duty vehicles (LDVs and MDVs, respectively) on the road. Only after 8 August was a noticeable relationship between BC and SPM1 and the number of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) found. Additionally, BC and SPM1 showed a strong correlation with SO2 before the Olympics, indicating possible industrial sources from local emissions as well as regional transport activities in the Beijing area. Such factors were identified in measurements conducted on 6 August in an area southwest of Beijing. The ratio of benzene to toluene, a good indicator of traffic emissions, shifted suddenly from about 0.26 before the Olympics to approximately 0.48 after the Olympics began. This finding suggests that regulations on traffic volume and restrictions on the use of painting solvents were effective after the Olympics began. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of air pollution control measures and identified local and regional pollution sources within and surrounding the city of Beijing. The findings will be invaluable for emission inventory evaluations and model verifications.
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Richter, Jan H., and Stefan R. Friedrich. "Semi-formal verification of closed-loop specifications in the concept design phase." at - Automatisierungstechnik 65, no. 2 (January 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2015-0067.
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AbstractThe article addresses the semi-formal verification of behavioral specifications for subsystems consisting of physical parts and controllers, complemented by simulation-based integration testing. Since design errors in early phases tend to be particularly expensive, the method is tailored towards applicability in these phases. We verify behavioral specifications with proof-like credibility, or falsify them while providing a violation scenario that is reusable as a test case. The system is represented as a mixed logical dynamical (MLD) system, and specifications are expressed by a temporal logic with affine signal abstractions. The verification problem is converted into an equivalent mixed-integer linear feasibility problem solved using off-the-shelf solvers. An example illustrates the effectiveness of the method.
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Soroa, Goretti, Aitor Aritzeta, Nekane Balluerka, and Arantxa Gorostiaga. "Adaptation and Validation of the Basque Version of the Emotional Creativity Inventory in Higher Education." Spanish Journal of Psychology 19 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.26.
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AbstractEmotional creativity is defined as the ability to feel and express emotions in a new, effective and authentic way. There are currently no Basque-language self-report instruments to provide valid and reliable measures of this construct. Thus, this paper describes the process of adapting and validating the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI) for the Basque-speaking population. The sample was comprised of 594 higher education students (388 women and 206 men) aged between 18 and 32 years old (Mage= 20.47;SD= 2.48). The Basque version of the ECI was administered along with the TMMS-23, NEO PI-R, and PANAS. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the Basque ECI corroborated the original scale’s three-factor structure (preparedness, novelty, and effectiveness/authenticity). Those dimensions showed acceptable indexes of internal consistency (α= .80, .83, and .83) and temporal stability (r= .70, .69, and .74). The study also provided some evidence of external validity (p< .05) based on the relationships found between emotional creativity and emotional intelligence, personality, affect, and sex. The Basque ECI can be regarded as a useful tool to evaluate perceived emotional creativity during the preparation and verification phases of the creative process.
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Pal Attia, Tal, Daniel Crepeau, Vaclav Kremen, Mona Nasseri, Hari Guragain, Steven W. Steele, Vladimir Sladky, et al. "Epilepsy Personal Assistant Device—A Mobile Platform for Brain State, Dense Behavioral and Physiology Tracking and Controlling Adaptive Stimulation." Frontiers in Neurology 12 (July 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.704170.
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Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and it affects almost 1% of the population worldwide. Many people living with epilepsy continue to have seizures despite anti-epileptic medication therapy, surgical treatments, and neuromodulation therapy. The unpredictability of seizures is one of the most disabling aspects of epilepsy. Furthermore, epilepsy is associated with sleep, cognitive, and psychiatric comorbidities, which significantly impact the quality of life. Seizure predictions could potentially be used to adjust neuromodulation therapy to prevent the onset of a seizure and empower patients to avoid sensitive activities during high-risk periods. Long-term objective data is needed to provide a clearer view of brain electrical activity and an objective measure of the efficacy of therapeutic measures for optimal epilepsy care. While neuromodulation devices offer the potential for acquiring long-term data, available devices provide very little information regarding brain activity and therapy effectiveness. Also, seizure diaries kept by patients or caregivers are subjective and have been shown to be unreliable, in particular for patients with memory-impairing seizures. This paper describes the design, architecture, and development of the Mayo Epilepsy Personal Assistant Device (EPAD). The EPAD has bi-directional connectivity to the implanted investigational Medtronic Summit RC+STM device to implement intracranial EEG and physiological monitoring, processing, and control of the overall system and wearable devices streaming physiological time-series signals. In order to mitigate risk and comply with regulatory requirements, we developed a Quality Management System (QMS) to define the development process of the EPAD system, including Risk Analysis, Verification, Validation, and protocol mitigations. Extensive verification and validation testing were performed on thirteen canines and benchtop systems. The system is now under a first-in-human trial as part of the US FDA Investigational Device Exemption given in 2018 to study modulated responsive and predictive stimulation using the Mayo EPAD system and investigational Medtronic Summit RC+STM in ten patients with non-resectable dominant or bilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The EPAD system coupled with an implanted device capable of EEG telemetry represents a next-generation solution to optimizing neuromodulation therapy.
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Romera, David, and Roque Corral. "Efficient Passage-Spectral Method For Unsteady Flows Under Stall Conditions." Journal of Turbomachinery 142, no. 12 (November 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4047934.
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Abstract This paper presents an efficient method of approximating unsteady flows using a block-wise discrete spatial Fourier series for the modeling of three-dimensional non-axisymmetric flows without making any hypothesis about its temporal periodicity. The method aims at capturing the long-wavelength flow patterns that are present in many unsteady problems of industrial interest, such as compressor stability, with a drastic reduction in computational resources. The method is intended to be used to compute flows exhibiting large-scale instabilities and where the fundamental frequency of the problem is not known beforehand. The approach discretizes the domain using a finite number of blocks or passages, where the flow variables at the supposedly periodic boundaries are continuously updated using the spatial Fourier coefficients of a uniformly spaced set of reduced-passage domains. The NASA rotor 67 under the effect of distorted inflow conditions has been used as verification case to demonstrate the effectiveness and viability of the method. The comparison between the passage-spectral method and the full-annulus solution shows that sound solutions can be obtained with a low number of harmonics. The new method has also been applied to investigate the rotating stall inception of the NASA rotor 67 for distorted inlet flows near stall operating conditions. The method is shown to accurately reproduce the full-annulus solution with a few spatial harmonics, capturing the characteristic features of the complex flow induced by the tip leakage vortex breakdown. The computational cost in this application has been reduced by a factor of between three and seven. This number heavily depends on the ratio between the number of retained harmonics to the number of blades.
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Pang, Beibei, Juanqiong Gou, Hamideh Afsarmanesh, Wenxin Mu, and Zuopeng Zhang. "Methodology and mechanisms for federation of heterogeneous metadata sources and ontology development in emerging collaborative environment." VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (May 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vjikms-09-2020-0159.
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Purpose Leading-edge information and communication technology provides the base to facilitate obtaining, interoperating and federating shared metadata knowledge in collaborative networks from multiple heterogeneous data sources. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology and a set of mechanisms to support this task in the collaborative environment. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors first identify and capture four main typical sources to find or generate metadata knowledge for shared data in emerging networked environments, including existing well-designed metadata, the typical ones are relational schemas of existing databases in the environment; fragmented metadata sources, i.e. metadata that can be realized from existing mission statements and example application scenarios in the environment, usually characterized by their fragmented, lightweight and behavior-intensive features; extracting metadata for simple labeled unstructured data, e.g. textual communications among its stakeholders; and semantic constraints on metadata, e.g. the temporal data behavior could be generated from governance policies in the environment. Second, the authors introduce their systematic methodology to the unification of the resulted metadata consisting of four semiautomated unification steps that gradually develops and enhances a unified ontology for the environment, formalized in web ontology language. Findings The methodology steps and their corresponding mechanisms are described and exemplified in detail in this paper. Furthermore, this paper presents the outcome of applying the authors’ methodology to an example emerging case through the generation of a unified ontology for that environment. Originality/value The addressed example application area is a real case in the field of higher education in China and therefore serves as a proof of concept and verification of the effectiveness of the authors’ proposed approach.