Journal articles: 'Temporal trends'

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Neligan, A. "Temporal trends in epilepsy surgery." European Journal of Neurology 21, no. 6 (January 25, 2014): 814–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.12358.

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Caughey, Aaron B. "Temporal and Gestational Age Trends." Obstetrics & Gynecology 124, no. 5 (November 2014): 867–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000000535.

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Buckland, S. T., Y. Yuan, and E. Marcon. "Measuring temporal trends in biodiversity." AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis 101, no. 4 (August 12, 2017): 461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10182-017-0308-1.

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Tleyjeh, Imad M., James M. Steckelberg, Hani S. Murad, Nandan S. Anavekar, Hassan M. K. Ghomrawi, Zaur Mirzoyev, Sherif E. Moustafa, et al. "Temporal Trends in Infective Endocarditis." JAMA 293, no. 24 (June 22, 2005): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.24.3022.

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Javari, Majid. "Spatial-temporal Variability of Seasonal Precipitation in Iran." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282301610010084.

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Spatial-seasonal variability and temporal trends has essential importance to climatic prediction and analysis. The aim of this research is the seasonal variations and temporal trends in the Iran were predicted by using rainfall series. The exploratory-confirmatory method, and seasonal time series procedure (STSP), temporal trend (TT), seasonal least squares (SLS) and spatial (GIS) methods (STSP¬-SLS-GIS) were employed to bring to light rainfall spatial-seasonal variability and temporal trends (SSVTT). To explore the spatial-seasonal variability and temporal trends during the period over 1975 to 2014 at 140 stations. To investigate the spatial-seasonal variability and temporal trends amount of each series was studied using ArcGIS 10.3 on different time scale. New climatic findings for the region: the investigates and predictions revealed that: (a) range of monthly and seasonal changes of rainfall tends to be highest (increasing trend) during winter (Winter Seasonal Index or WUSI=137.83 mm); (b) lowest (decreasing trend) during summer (Summer Seasonal Index or SUSI=20.8l mm) and (c) the coefficient of rainfall seasonal pattern variations in winter to 5.94 mm, in spring to 11.13 mm, in summer to 4.44 mm and in autumn to 8.05 mm with seasonality being the most effective of all. Mean annual rainfall changed from 51.45 mm (at Bafgh) to 1834.9 mm (at Bandar Anzali). Maximum decrease in annual rainfall was obtained at Miandeh Jiroft (-143.83%) and minimum at Abali (-0.013%) station. The most apparent year of variation was 2007 in annual rainfall.

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Wagner, Tyler, James R. Bence, Mary T. Bremigan, Daniel B. Hayes, and Michael J. Wilberg. "Regional trends in fish mean length at age: components of variance and the statistical power to detect trends." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 968–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-068.

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We examined statewide time series (1940s–2002) of mean length at ages 2, 3, and 4 for seven fish species sampled from Michigan and Wisconsin inland lakes for temporal trends. We used a components of variance approach to examine how total variation in mean length at age was partitioned into lake-to-lake, coherent temporal, ephemeral temporal, trend, and residual variation. Using these estimated variance components, we simulated the effects of different variance structures on the power to detect trends in mean length at age. Of the 42 data sets examined, only four demonstrated significant regional (statewide) trends: age 4 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from Wisconsin lakes increased about 0.7 mm·year–1 in mean length at age, and ages 2, 3, and 4 walleye (Sander vitreus) from Wisconsin lakes decreased between 0.5 and 0.9 mm·year–1 in mean length at age. The structure of variation differed substantially among data sets, and these differences strongly affected the power to detect trends. Of particular note was that even modest levels of coherent temporal variation led to substantial decreases in power for detecting trends. To maximize trend detection capabilities, fisheries management agencies should consider variance structures prior to choosing indices for monitoring and realize that trend detection capabilities are species- and region-specific.

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Klõga, Marija, and Bharat Maharjan. "Temporal trends in nitrogen concentrations in Estonian rivers." Journal of Water Security 1, no. 1 (September 22, 2015): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/jws.2015.004.

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The nutrient content in streams and rivers depend on many interacting processes such as hydro-geographical conditions and land use practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of Estonian rivers and determine any trends in the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) between 1992 and 2013. This study involved 43 monitoring sites and 32 rivers in Estonia. The temporal trends were assessed using the partial Mann- Kendall (PMK) test, which was adapted to account for the influence of water discharge. Most of the studied streams and sites did not show any trend in nitrogen concentrations. The statistically significant downward trend in TN was identified at 13 monitoring stations and upward trend at four monitoring sites. The results for NO3-N showed a statistically significant downward trend at three sampling sites while the upward trend was found at nine monitoring stations, particularly at four sites located within the nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ). Overall, the increasing nitrate content in surface waters can most probably be attributed to the intensification of agricultural activities in rivers catchments during the last ten years. However, there are still many uncertainties in nutrient loss processes. Thus, the national monitoring programmes should be further developed.

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Su, Yunfei, Chuanfeng Zhao, Yuan Wang, and Zhanshan Ma. "Spatiotemporal Variations of Precipitation in China Using Surface Gauge Observations from 1961 to 2016." Atmosphere 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030303.

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Long-term precipitation trend is a good indicator of climate and hydrological change. The data from 635 ground stations are used to quantify the temporal trends of precipitation with different intensity in China from 1961 to 2016. These sites are roughly uniformly distributed in the east or west regions of China, while fewer sites exist in the western region. The result shows that precipitation with a rate of <10 mm/day dominates in China, with a fraction of >70%. With a 95% confidence level, there is no significant temporal change of annually averaged precipitation in the whole of China. Seasonally, there are no significant temporal changes except for a robust decreasing trend in autumn. Spatially, significant differences in the temporal trends of precipitation are found among various regions. The increasing trend is the largest in Northwest China, and the decreasing trend is the largest in North China. The annually averaged number of precipitation days shows a decreasing trend in all regions except for Northwest China. Regarding precipitation type, the number of light precipitation days shows a robust decreasing trend for almost all regions, while other types show no significant change. Considering the high frequency, the temporal trends of light precipitation could highly explain the temporal variation of the total precipitation amount in China.

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Forootan, Elham. "Analysis of trends of hydrologic and climatic variables." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 3 (May 27, 2019): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/154/2018-swr.

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Assessing trends of hydrologic variables related to both hydrologic processes facilitates accurate water resources forecasting, especially in arid and semiarid regions with high evaporation and low rainfall volume. In this study, spatial and temporal trends of six hydrologic and climatic variables, viz. rainfall, evaporation, streamflow discharge, temperature, wind speed and relative humidity and also the ratio of annual potential evaporation to precipitation (E/P) were analysed at a monthly and annual scale. Moreover, the relationship of relative humidity, temperature, rainfall and wind speed trends with evaporation trend was investigated. Results of the study revealed the absence of significant temporal trend in precipitation, temperature and wind velocity for the majority of months, and the presence of upward trends in relative humidity and evaporation values as well as downward trend in streamflow discharge in some months. At an annual scale increasing evaporation and decreasing stream flow discharge trends were observed at most stations, which means that the region will be confronted with more severe drought conditions in future. Also, the result of Spearman’s rank coefficient revealed that the temporal evaporation trend is not related to wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall trend. Moreover, the spatial trend of climatic and hydrologic variables indicated the similarity of evaporation and relative humidity trend as well as wind speed and rainfall trend.

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Sun, Tao, Ranhao Sun, and Liding Chen. "The Trend Inconsistency between Land Surface Temperature and Near Surface Air Temperature in Assessing Urban Heat Island Effects." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081271.

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The credible urban heat island (UHI) trend is crucial for assessing the effects of urbanization on climate. Land surface temperature (LST) and near surface air temperature (SAT) have been extensively used to obtain UHI intensities. However, the consistency of UHI trend between LST and SAT has rarely been discussed. This paper quantified the temporal stability and trend consistency between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST and in situ SAT. Linear regressions, temporal trends and coefficients of variations (CV) were analyzed based on the yearly mean, maximum and minimum temperatures. The findings in this study were: (1) Good statistical consistency (R2 = 0.794) and the same trends were found only in mean temperature between LST-UHI and SAT-UHI. There are 54% of cities that showed opposite temporal trends between LST-UHI and SAT-UHI for minimum temperature while the percentage was 38% for maximum temperature. (2) The high discrepancies in temporal trends were observed for all cities, which indicated the inadequacy of LST for obtaining reliable UHI trends especially when using the maximum and minimum temperatures. (3) The larger uncertainties of LST-UHI were probably due to high inter-annual fluctuations of LST. The topography was the predominant factor that affected the UHI variations for both LST and SAT. Therefore, we suggested that SAT should be combined with LST to ensure the dependable temporal series of UHI. This paper provided references for understanding the UHI effects on various surfaces.

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Caloiero, Tommaso, and Ilaria Guagliardi. "Temporal Variability of Temperature Extremes in the Sardinia Region (Italy)." Hydrology 7, no. 3 (August 11, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7030055.

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In this paper, the temporal tendencies of temperature data from the island of Sardinia (Italy) were analyzed by considering 48 data series in the period 1982–2011. In particular, monthly temperatures (maximum and minimum), and some indices of daily extremes were evaluated and tested to detect trends using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. Results showed a positive trend in the spring months and a marked negative trend in the autumn-winter months for minimum temperatures. As regards maximum temperatures, almost all months showed positive trends, although an opposite behavior was detected in September and in the winter months. With respect to the extreme indices, a general increasing trend of the series was detected for the diurnal temperature range (DTR), frost days (FD), summer days (SU25), warm (WSDI) and cold (CSDI) spells. As regards tropical nights (TR20), an equal distribution of positive and negative trends has emerged. Results of the spatial analysis performed on the trend marks suggested that Sardinia’s topography could influence temperature variability.

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Mulé, Pasquale, Bruce Mazer, Danbing Ke, Duncan Lejtenyi, Liane Beaudette, Julia Upton, Edmond Chan, Ann Clarke, Sofianne Gabrielli, and Moshe Ben-Shoshan. "Temporal Trends of Skin Prick Tests." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 147, no. 2 (February 2021): AB171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.606.

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Sall’, M. A. "Climate risks: Temporal trends and heteroscedasticity." Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 40, no. 7 (July 2015): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068373915070080.

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Sempokuya, Tomoki, Guangxiang Zhang, and Kazuma Nakagawa. "Temporal trends of cirrhosis associated conditions." World Journal of Hepatology 11, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v11.i1.74.

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Hansell, Maggie W., Ross M. Ungerleider, Courtney A. Brooks, Mark P. Knudson, Julienne K. Kirk, and Jamie D. Ungerleider. "Temporal Trends in Medical Student Burnout." Family Medicine 51, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2019.270753.

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Background and Objectives: There is a paucity of longitudinal data documenting the temporal development of distress and burnout during medical school. The aim of this study was to examine trends and identify stressors associated with medical student distress over 4 years of medical education. Methods: Medical students from the class of 2016 at a Liaison Committee on Medical Education-accredited medical school completed surveys nine times from orientation through after the residency match. Surveys included demographic variables and measured distress domains using the Medical Student Well-Being Index. The authors used Microsoft Excel to calculate the proportion of students screening positive for individual distress domains at each of the nine acquisition periods for descriptive analysis. Results: Students completed 886 total surveys for an 85% response rate, which was relatively consistent across collection periods. Medical student distress and burnout increased from two (2%) to 12 (12%) respondents and from 19 (17%) to 37 (38%) respondents, respectively, from matriculation through after the residency match (P<0.01). Depersonalization increased from 15 (13%) to 34 (35%) respondents and emotional exhaustion increased from six (5%) to 22 (22%) respondents across 4 years of medical education (P<0.01). Emotional exhaustion peaked after medical school year 1, at 37 (45%), and year 3, at 45 (44%) respondents, with improvement after summer break and residency match. Conclusions: The results supported the literature demonstrating the development of burnout during medical school. Depersonalization increased early in the education process with minimal regression after development. Emotional exhaustion demonstrated a surprising increase after exposure to clinical clerkships. Further studies could support or refute the universality of these trends and evaluate prevention and intervention efforts targeting these key inflection points.

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Rea, Thomas D., Mickey S. Eisenberg, Linda J. Becker, John A. Murray, and Thomas Hearne. "Temporal Trends in Sudden Cardiac Arrest." Circulation 107, no. 22 (June 10, 2003): 2780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000070950.17208.2a.

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Kleindorfer, D., F. de los Rios La Rosa, P. Khatri, B. Kissela, J. Mackey, and O. Adeoye. "Temporal Trends in Acute Stroke Management." Stroke 44, no. 6, Supplement 1 (May 24, 2013): S129—S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.113.001457.

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Pivovarov, Rimma, David J. Albers, George Hripcsak, Jorge L. Sepulveda, and Noémie Elhadad. "Temporal trends of hemoglobin A1c testing." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 21, no. 6 (November 2014): 1038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2013-002592.

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BAILLARGEON, JACQUES, MICHAEL J. BORUCKI, and JOHN WILLIAMSON. "Temporal Trends in AIDS-Related Survival." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 13, no. 1 (January 1999): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.1999.13.17.

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Chittaro, Luca, and Angelo Montanari. "Trends in temporal representation and reasoning." Knowledge Engineering Review 11, no. 3 (September 1996): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988890000792x.

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Time is one of the most relevant topics in AI. It plays a major role in several of AI research areas, ranging from logical foundations to applications of knowledge-based systems. Despite the ubiquity of time in AI, researchers tend to specialise and focus on time in particular contexts or applications, overlooking meaningful connections between different areas. In an attempt to promote crossfertilisation and reduce isolation, the Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME) workshop series was started in 1994. The third edition of the workshop was held on May 19–20 1996 in Key West, FL, with S. D. Goodwin and H. J. Hamilton as General Chairs, and L. Chittaro and A. Montanari as Program Chairs. A particular emphasis was given to the foundational aspects of temporal representation and reasoning through an investigation of the relationships between different approaches to temporal issues in AI, computer science and logic.

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Ben-Shoshan, Moshe, Elizabeth Turnbull, and Ann Clarke. "Food Allergy: Temporal Trends and Determinants." Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 12, no. 4 (June 22, 2012): 346–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-012-0274-3.

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Baker, Bryan D., and Philip J. Gersmehl. "TEMPORAL TRENDS IN SOIL PRODUCTIVITY EVALUATIONS∗." Professional Geographer 43, no. 3 (August 1991): 304–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1991.00304.x.

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JASWAL, A. K., G. S. PRAKASA RAO, and U. S. DE. "Spatial and temporal characteristics of evaporation trends over India during 1971-2000." MAUSAM 59, no. 2 (November 27, 2021): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v59i2.1223.

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Evaporation and rainfall data for the period 1971-2000 for 58 well distributed stations over India were selected for this study. Trends of these two parameters for the country as a whole and for individual stations for annual (January – December), winter (December, January and February), summer (March – May), monsoon (June – September) and post-monsoon (October, November) period were analysed and tested for significance at 95% level of confidence. The analysis shows that for the country as a whole, the evaporation has significantly decreased in all seasons while there is no significant trend in rainfall. Out of 58 stations, numbers of stations having significant decrease in evaporation are 45 (annual), 30 (winter), 42 (summer) and 35 (monsoon and post monsoon seasons). Decadal analysis of trends shows that the variability of evaporation towards the decreasing trend is steadily maintained throughout the period but more in the decade 1991-2000. Spatial analysis of the seasonal trends of evaporation indicates the decreasing trends over all parts of India except northeast where it is increasing. Regions of significant decrease in evaporation viz., North, Southwest and Southeast and increase in evaporation viz., Northeast emerge from the spatial analysis of trends over the country. Spatial analysis of seasonal rainfall trends indicates the increasing trends in southern parts and decreasing trends in central and northeastern parts of the country. Evaporation trends of nearly 50% stations (mostly in southern parts of India) show complimentary relation with rainfall of the same period. Rest of the long term trends in evaporation may be due to the variation in other parameters like wind speed, cloud cover, sunshine duration etc. which needs further examination.

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Tomkinson, Grant R., Justin J. Lang, and Mark S. Tremblay. "Temporal trends in the cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents representing 19 high-income and upper middle-income countries between 1981 and 2014." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 8 (October 30, 2017): 478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097982.

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ObjectiveTo estimate international and national temporal trends in the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of children and adolescents and to examine relationships between temporal trends in CRF and temporal trends in broad socioeconomic and health-related indicators across countries.MethodsData were obtained from a systematic search of studies that explicitly reported 20 m shuttle run test (a validated measure of CRF) descriptive data on apparently healthy individuals aged 9–17 years. Following the estimation of relative peak oxygen uptake (mL/kg/min) as a measure of CRF, sample-weighted temporal trends were estimated at the country–sex–age level using best-fitting linear or polynomial regression models relating the year of testing to mean CRF. Poststratified population-weighted mean changes in absolute and per cent CRF were estimated. Pearson’s correlations were used to describe the association between linear temporal trends in CRF and linear temporal trends in broad socioeconomic and health-related indicators.ResultsTemporal trends were estimated from 965 264 children and adolescents from 19 high-income and upper middle-income countries between 1981 and 2014, using data from 137 studies. Collectively, there was a moderate decline in CRF of 3.3 mL/kg/min (95% CI −3.5 to −3.1), equivalent to a decline of 7.3% (95% CI −7.8% to −6.7%) over the 33-year time period. This international decline diminished with each decade and stabilised near zero around 2000. The decline was larger for boys than girls and was similar for children and adolescents. Trends also differed in magnitude and direction between countries, with most showing declines. There was a strong negative association between country-specific trends in income inequality (Gini index) and trends in CRF across 18 countries; meaning, countries approaching income equality had more favourable trends in CRF.ConclusionsThere has been a substantial decline in CRF since 1981, which is suggestive of a meaningful decline in population health. However, the international trend in CRF has not followed the anticipated trajectory, diminishing and stabilising with negligible change since 2000. CRF data are needed from children in low-income and middle-income countries to more confidently determine true international trends and determine whether temporal trends are similar to those observed in high-income and upper middle-income countries.

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Eng, Chloe W., Elizabeth R. Mayeda, Paola Gilsanz, Rachel A. Whitmer, Anthony S. Kim, and M. Maria Glymour. "Temporal Trends in Stroke-Related Memory Change." Stroke 52, no. 5 (May 2021): 1702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.031063.

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Background and Purpose: Findings from the Framingham Heart Study suggest that declines in dementia incidence rates over recent decades are partially due to decreases in stroke incidence and mortality; however, whether trends of declining dementia rates extend to survivors of incident stroke remains unclear. We investigated evidence for temporal trends in memory change related to incident stroke in a nationally representative cohort. Methods: Adults age 50+ in the HRS (Health and Retirement Study) were followed across three successive 6-year epochs (epoch 1: 1998–2004, n=16 781; epoch 2: 2004–2010, n=15 345; and epoch 3: 2010–2016; n=15 949). Participants were included in an epoch if they were stroke-free at the start of that epoch. Annual rates of change in a composite z-standardized memory score were compared using demographic-adjusted linear regression models for stroke-free participants, those who survived after stroke, and those who died after stroke, considering memory change before stroke, at the time of stroke, and for years following stroke. Results: Crude stroke incidence rates decreased from 8.5 per 1000 person-years in epoch 1 to 6.8 per 1000 person-years in epoch 3. Rates of memory change before and following stroke onset were similar across epochs. Memory decrement immediately after stroke onset attenuated from −0.37 points (95% CI, −0.44 to −0.29) in epoch 1 to −0.26 (95% CI, −0.33 to −0.18) points in epoch 2 and −0.25 (95% CI, −0.33 to −0.17) points in epoch 3 ( P value for linear trend=0.02). Conclusions: Decreases in stroke-related dementia in recent years may be partially attributable to smaller memory decrements immediately after stroke onset. Findings suggest reductions in stroke incidence and improvements in stroke care may also reduce population burden of dementia. Further investigations into whether temporal trends are attributable to improvements in stroke care are needed.

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Fassnacht, Steven R., Glenn G. Patterson, Niah B. H. Venable, Mikaela L. Cherry, Anna K. D. Pfohl, Jessica E. Sanow, and Molly E. Tedesche. "How Do We Define Climate Change? Considering the Temporal Resolution of Niveo-Meteorological Data." Hydrology 7, no. 3 (July 12, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7030038.

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Historically, snowpack trends have been assessed using one fixed date to represent peak snow accumulation prior to the onset of melt. Subsequent trend analyses have considered the peak snow water equivalent (SWE), but the date of peak SWE can vary by several months due to inter-annual variability in snow accumulation and melt patterns. A 2018 assessment evaluated monthly SWE trends. However, since the month is a societal construct, this current work examines daily trends in SWE, cumulative precipitation, and temperature. The method was applied to 13 snow telemetry stations in Northern Colorado, USA for the period from 1981 to 2018. Temperature trends were consistent among all the stations; warming trends occurred 63% of the time from 1 October through 24 May, with the trends oscillating from warming to cooling over about a 10-day period. From 25 May to 30 September, a similar oscillation was observed, but warming trends occurred 86% of the time. SWE and precipitation trends illustrate temporal patterns that are scaled based on location. Specifically, lower elevations stations are tending to record more snowfall while higher elevation stations are recording less. The largest SWE, cumulative precipitation, and temperature trends were +30 to −70 mm/decade, +30 to −30 mm/decade, and +4 to −2.8 °C/decade, respectively. Trends were statistically significance an average of 25.8, 4.5, and 29.4% of the days for SWE, cumulative precipitation, and temperature, respectively. The trend in precipitation as snow ranged from +/−2%/decade, but was not significant at any station.

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Schaefer, D., and M. Domroes. "Recent climate change in Japan – spatial and temporal characteristics of trends of temperature." Climate of the Past 5, no. 1 (February 9, 2009): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-13-2009.

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Abstract. In this paper temperature series of Japan were statistically analysed in order to answer the question whether recent climate change can be proved for Japan; the results were compared and discussed with the global trends. The observations in Japan started for some stations in the 1870s, 59 stations are available since 1901, 136 stations since 1959. Modern statistical methods were applied, such as: Gaussian binominal low-pass filter (30 yr), trend analysis (linear regression model) including the trend-to-noise-ratio as measure of significance and the non-parametric, non-linear trend test according to MANN (MANN's Q). According to the results of the analyses, climate change in Japan is clearly shown for temperature over the 100 yr (1901–2000): Annual mean temperatures increased at all stations from 0.35 (Hakodate) to 2.95°C (Tokyo). The magnitude of climate change is illustrated to increase over the recent period 1976–2000. Seasonally, the strongest warming trends were observed for winter temperatures and also increasing temperature trends prevailed in summer, with the exception of slightly decreasing trends at only four stations.

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Ohana-Levi, Noa, and Yishai Netzer. "Long-Term Trends of Global Wine Market." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010224.

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The major factors of wine trade have been showing distinct patterns of temporal trends worldwide in past decades. Wine consumption, production, imports, and exports differ according to their location and classification to Old World and New World wine markets. Using datasets from various sources, this work focused on quantifying long-term trends (1995–2021) of these wine industry factors for each country, including long-term means and temporal trends, using the Mann-Kendall trend test, and resulting in Z-scores. The temporal relationships between these global factors were quantified by applying Pearson correlation to the original values, as well as by correlating the Z-scores. Our findings show that Old World wine consumers and producers (e.g., Spain, France, and Italy) have been experiencing gradual decreasing trends of wine consumption and production. In New World countries, some of the largest wine-consuming countries were found to have strong, significant increases in wine consumption and new wine production markets show rapid growth trends. About 80% of the countries demonstrated increasing trends of wine imports, signifying the impact of globalization on the wine market and the growing demand for foreign wine. Globally, consumption per capita was found to have significantly decreased. Wine production showed a strong, significant, and lagged dependence on wine consumption, which was also related to the temporal trends of wine imports and exports. The major forces driving the wine market are possibly economic growth and wider competition, with climate change acting as a disruptive force.

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Hall, Lenwood W., and Ronald D. Anderson. "An Eighteen Year Temporal Trends Analysis of Bifenthrin Sediment Concentrations in California Waterbodies." Water 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092402.

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The goal of this study was to conduct long-term temporal trends analysis of bifenthrin sediment concentrations for measurements conducted from 2001 to 2019 in California waterbodies. Long-term data sites defined as spanning 6 years were available for 143 sites but 17 of these sites were excluded from long analysis because all measurements were below the level of detection. At least one site used in the trends analysis was located in all nine California Water Board Regions thus providing a representative statewide spatial scale. Twenty of the 126 long-term California sediment sites showed a statistically significant downward trend in bifenthrin concentrations while nine sites showed a statistically significant upward trend. Declining bifenthrin sediment concentrations were most evident in urban waterbodies when compared with agricultural dominated waterbodies. An analysis of bifenthrin long-term sediment trends by waterbody with at least three sites showed a significant trend for only one residential/urban stream and this trend was declining. In summary, the trends analysis of bifenthrin sediment concentrations does show a compelling case for declining concentrations in the State of California during an 18-year time period that includes a time period before and after the urban use of bifenthrin was further regulated.

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Schaefer, D., and M. Domroes. "Recent climate change in Japan – spatial and temporal characteristics of trends of temperature." Climate of the Past Discussions 4, no. 2 (April 21, 2008): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-4-495-2008.

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Abstract. In this paper temperature series of Japan were statistically analysed in order to answer the question whether recent climate change can be proved for Japan; the results were compared and discussed with the global trends. The observations in Japan started for some stations in the 1870s, 59 stations are available since 1901, 136 stations since 1959. Modern statistical methods were applied, such as: Gaussian binominal low-pass filter (30 yr), trend analysis (linear regression model) including the trend-to-noise-ratio as measure of significance and the non-parametric, non-linear trend test according to MANN (MANN's Q). According to the results of the analyses, climate change in Japan is clearly shown for temperature over the 100 yr (1901–2000): Annual mean temperatures increased at all stations from 0.35 (Hakodate) to 2.95°C (Tokyo). The magnitude of climate change is illustrated to increase over the recent period 1976–2000. Seasonally, the strongest warming trends were observed for winter temperatures and also increasing temperature trends prevailed in summer, with the exception of slightly decreasing trends at only four stations. As far as temperatures are concerned, a distinct increase could be shown over the period 1901–2000 with a strong trend of warming over the more recent period 1976–2000.

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Ye, Lei, Ke Shi, Hairong Zhang, Zhuohang Xin, Jing Hu, and Chi Zhang. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Drought Indicated by SPEI over Northeastern China." Water 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050908.

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Drought is a natural extreme climate event which occurs in most parts of the world. Northeastern China is one of the major agricultural production areas in China and also a typical vulnerable climate zone. To understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of drought over northeastern China, we first assessed the trends of precipitation and temperature. Drought events were then characterized by Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index over various temporal scales. The Trend Free Prewhitening Mann–Kendall test and distinct empirical orthogonal function, were used to investigate the trends and spatio-temporal patterns of droughts. The results indicate precipitation increasing trends are mostly detected in Heilongjiang and Jinling provinces, however, the majority of the trends are insignificant. Temperature increasing trends are detected over the entire northeastern China and most of them are significant. Decreasing drought trends are observed in Heilongjiang province and some bordering area in Jilin province, whereas increasing trends are noticed in Liaoning province and some bordering area in Jilin province. Two main sub-regions of drought variability—the Liaohe River Plain and the Second Songhua River basin (LS region), and the Songnen Plain and the Lesser Hinggan Mountains (SL region) are identified, and the detected droughts for the two sub-regions correspond well with recorded drought loss. The results will be beneficial for regional water resource management and planning, agriculture production, and ecosystem protection in northeastern China.

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Petry, Clive, Ken Ong, Ieuan Hughes, Carlo Acerini, and David Dunger. "Temporal Trends in Maternal Food Intake Frequencies and Associations with Gestational Diabetes: The Cambridge Baby Growth Study." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 2822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112822.

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Previous studies have suggested that in the first decade of this century the incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM) in pregnancy rose worldwide. In the Cambridge Baby Growth Study cohort we observed that this temporal trend was associated with an index of multiple deprivation and reductions in indices of insulin secretion. Deprivation level was not directly associated with GDM, suggesting that the temporal trend may relate more to other factors linked to it, such as dietary composition. In this study we investigated temporal trends in perceived food intake frequencies, derived from a qualitative, short questionnaire, in 865 pregnant Cambridge Baby Growth Study (CBGS) recruits. A number of food frequency ranks showed both temporal trends and associations with GDM, but of note is the frequency of egg consumption (negative temporal trend p = 0.03, slope = −6.2 ranks/year; negative association with GDM p = 3.0 × 10−8, slope = −0.002 increased risk/rank) as it was also positively associated with the insulin disposition index (p = 1.17 × 10−3, slope = 0.42 ranks. L/mmoL). These results are consistent with a potential protective effect of factors related to the frequency of egg consumption in pregnancy. Such factors may have contributed to the observed temporal trend in GDM risk but the overall detectable effect appears to have been small.

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Hannaford, J., G. Buys, K. Stahl, and L. M. Tallaksen. "The influence of decadal-scale variability on trends in long European streamflow records." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 7 (July 15, 2013): 2717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2717-2013.

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Abstract. This study seeks to provide a long-term context for the growing number of trend analyses which have been applied to river flows in Europe. Most studies apply trend tests to fixed periods, in relatively short (generally 1960s–present) records. This study adopts an alternative "multi-temporal" approach, whereby trends are fitted to every possible combination of start and end years in a record. The method is applied to 132 catchments with long (1932–2004) hydrometric records from northern and central Europe, which were chosen as they are minimally anthropogenically influenced and have good quality data. The catchments are first clustered into five regions, which are broadly homogenous in terms of interdecadal variability of annual mean flow. The multi-temporal trend approach was then applied to regional time series of different hydrological indicators (annual, monthly and high and low flows). The results reveal that the magnitude and even direction of short-term trends are heavily influenced by interdecadal variability. Some short-term trends revealed in previous studies are shown to be unrepresentative of long-term change. For example, previous studies have identified post-1960 river flow decreases in southern and eastern Europe: in parts of eastern Europe, these trends are resilient to study period, extending back to the 1930s; in southern France, longer records show evidence of positive trends which reverse from the 1960s. Recent (post-1960) positive trends in northern Europe are also not present in longer records, due to decadal variations influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation. The results provide a long-term reference for comparison with published and future studies. The multi-temporal approach advocated here is recommended for use in future trend assessments, to help contextualise short-term trends. Future work should also attempt to explain the decadal-scale variations that drive short-term trends, and thus develop more sophisticated methods for trend detection that take account of interdecadal variability and its drivers.

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Hannaford, J., G. Buys, K. Stahl, and L. M. Tallaksen. "The influence of decadal-scale variability on trends in long European streamflow records." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2013): 1859–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-1859-2013.

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Abstract. This study seeks to provide a long-term context for the growing number of trend analyses which have been applied to river flows in Europe. Most studies apply trend tests to fixed periods, in relatively short (generally 1960s–present) records. This study adopts an alternative "multi-temporal" approach, whereby trends are fitted to every possible combination of start and end years in a record. The method is applied to 132 catchments with long (1932–2004) hydrometric records from northern and central Europe, which were chosen as they are minimally anthropogenically influenced and have good quality data. The catchments are first clustered into five regions, which are broadly homogenous in terms of interdecadal variability of annual mean flow. The multi-temporal trend approach was then applied to regional time series of different hydrological indicators (annual, monthly and high and low flows). The results reveal that the magnitude and even direction of short-term trends are heavily influenced by interdecadal variability. Some short-term trends revealed in previous studies are shown to be unrepresentative of long-term change. For example, previous studies have identified post-1960 river flow decreases in southern and eastern Europe: in parts of eastern Europe, these trends are resilient to study period, extending back to the 1930s; in southern France, longer records show evidence of positive trends which reverse from the 1960s. Recent (post-1960) positive trends in northern Europe are also not present in longer records, due to decadal variations influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation. The results provide a long-term reference for comparison with published and future studies. The multi-temporal approach advocated here is recommended for use in future trend assessments, to help contextualise short-term trends. Future work should also attempt to explain the decadal-scale variations that drive short-term trends, and thus develop more sophisticated methods for trend detection that take account of interdecadal variability and its drivers.

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Bamber, J. H., and A. Hassan. "Temporal trends in post-dural puncture headache." International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 47 (August 2021): 103169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103169.

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Leibson, C., L. J. Milton, and P. Palumbo. "Temporal Trends in Diabetes Incidence and Prevalence." Diabetes Care 20, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.20.3.460b.

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Das, Siddhartha, Leo Chen, and Winson Y. Cheung. "Temporal trends in colorectal cancer screening (CRCS)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2013): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.4_suppl.356.

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356 Background: The rate of CRCS continues to be suboptimal. Our study objectives were to characterize temporal trends in CRCS in general and within specific subpopulations and identify clinical and system factors that pose barriers to CRCS. Methods: Data from respondents aged ≥50 years who were classified as average risk (no personal or family history of colorectal cancer) from the 2001 to 2009 California Health Interview Survey were analyzed. Up-to-date CRCS was defined as having had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy within the past 10 years. Using multivariate regression analyses that adjusted for confounders, rates of CRCS over consecutive periods of 2 calendar years were determined. Stratified analyses that explored for effect modification based on gender, ethnicity, smoking history, educational attainment, income level, health insurance status, and urban vs. rural residence were conducted. Results: A total of 126,873 screening-eligible respondents was included: median age was 63 years (range 50-85); 50,303 (46%) were men, and 95,534 (63%) were white. In the entire cohort, only 73,589 (55%) reported up-to-date CRCS. Over time, there was a significant trend towards increased CRCS, ranging from 48% in 2001 to 61% in 2009 (p<0.01). After adjusting for confounding variables, this trend persisted with higher odds of up-to-date CRCS in more recent years (see Table). Specific characteristics were associated with decreased likelihood of CRCS: women (OR 0.63), low education (OR 0.72), poor income (OR 0.84), no insurance (OR 0.44), and rural residence (OR 0.93) (p<0.01 for all). Temporal increases in CRCS were most prominent in particular groups, such as women (OR 3.55 in 2009 vs. 2001) and the uninsured (OR 11.48 in 2009 vs. 2001) (p<0.01 for both). Conclusions: Although CRCS improved over time, there is still room for significant improvement. Temporal increases in CRCS were most substantial among women and the uninsured. Interventions used to improve CRCS in these groups should be harnessed and implemented within other minorities to enhance screening. [Table: see text]

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Kleindorfer, Dawn, Jane Khoury, Joseph P. Broderick, Eric Rademacher, Daniel Woo, Matthew L. Flaherty, Kathleen Alwell, et al. "Temporal Trends in Public Awareness of Stroke." Stroke 40, no. 7 (July 2009): 2502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.109.551861.

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McAllum, Penny, Irit Bahar, Igor Kaiserman, Sathish Srinivasan, Allan Slomovic, and David Rootman. "Temporal and Seasonal Trends in Acanthamoeba Keratitis." Cornea 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0b013e318181a863.

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Sauaia, Angela, Ernest E. Moore, Jeffrey L. Johnson, Theresa L. Chin, Anirban Banerjee, Jason L. Sperry, Ronald V. Maier, and C. Cothren Burlew. "Temporal trends of postinjury multiple-organ failure." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 76, no. 3 (March 2014): 582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000000147.

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Dufner, Trevor, John S. Fitzgerald, Justin J. Lang, and Grant Tomkinson. "Temporal Trends In Handgrip Strength For Adults." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000670552.32881.96.

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Yang, Seungmi, and Michael S. Kramer. "Preterm birth: temporal trends and socioeconomic inequalities." Jornal de Pediatria 94, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.001.

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Yang, Seungmi, and Michael S. Kramer. "Preterm birth: temporal trends and socioeconomic inequalities." Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) 94, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.08.014.

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Ali, Samina, Rhonda J. Rosychuk, Kathryn A. Dong, Patrick J. McGrath, and Amanda S. Newton. "Temporal Trends in Pediatric Mental Health Visits." Pediatric Emergency Care 28, no. 7 (July 2012): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e31825cf93b.

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Bradley, Steven M., Chad M. Bohn, David J. Malenka, Michelle M. Graham, Chris L. Bryson, James M. McCabe, Jeptha P. Curtis, Anne Lambert-Kerzner, and Charles Maynard. "Temporal Trends in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Appropriateness." Circulation 132, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.114.015156.

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Morris, David S., John T. Wei, David A. Taub, Rodney L. Dunn, and Brent K. Hollenbeck. "1681: Temporal Trends in Percutaneous Sone Procedures." Journal of Urology 173, no. 4S (April 2005): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(18)35803-8.

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Saint, Sarah E., Billy R. Hammond, Kevin J. O’Brien, and Janet E. Frick. "Developmental trends in infant temporal processing speed." Vision Research 138 (September 2017): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2017.07.004.

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Leen, T., T. Williams, T. Swiney, G. Leslie, and L. Brearley. "Temporal trends in discharge delay from ICU." Australian Critical Care 25, no. 2 (May 2012): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2011.12.020.

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Combi, Carlo, Giuseppe Pozzi, and Rosalba Rossato. "Querying temporal clinical databases on granular trends." Journal of Biomedical Informatics 45, no. 2 (April 2012): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2011.11.005.

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Acharya, Pankti P., Deeksha Sarma, and Brian McKinnon. "Trends of temporal bone cancer: SEER database." American Journal of Otolaryngology 41, no. 1 (January 2020): 102297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102297.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Temporal trends'

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