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Tan, T. M. (Teck Ming). "Humanizing brands:the investigation of brand favorability, brand betrayal, temporal focus, and temporal distance." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219318.
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Abstract Humanizing brands is an essential domain of current branding as it enhances the visibility of a brand by connecting consumers to the brand, thus contributing to strong brand equity. The term humanize used in this dissertation is not limited to brands with anthropomorphic characters, such as the M&M’s characters. Used in this context, the term also includes the ways in which consumers attribute a brand to be “close to me,” “like me,” and a “partner.” Although the research of customer-based brand equity has been well-documented over the past twenty-five years, limited attention has been given to examining the differential effect of brand favorability in forming a self-brand connection. Even more scarce are studies on the antecedents and indicators of brand betrayal. Further, up-to-date research is mostly silent as to whether temporal focus and temporal distance influence a brand’s ability to serve as a means of reflecting the consumer’s selves. To fill up these research gaps, this dissertation reports four research articles. More than two thousand samples were collected from Finland, India, and the US to examine the conceptual frameworks. First, this dissertation contributes to the literature on self-brand connection by articulating the effect of self-presentation by brand on self-brand connection. Second, it contributes to the literature of self-congruence, seen from the temporal perspective. Third, it adds to the brand betrayal literature by examining consumer anthropomorphize tendency and actual high-arousal positive states as the antecedents. It further explains the indicators of brand betrayal, consisting of failure severity and inferred negative motive. In term of managerial implications, the findings contribute to (1) the one-on-one marketing approach to branding, (2) incorporating consumer’s selves into branding considerations, and (3) assessing brand betrayal in a negative brand relationshipTiivistelmä Brändien inhimillistäminen on keskeinen alue vallitsevassa brändien tutkimuksessa, sillä inhimillistämällä lisätään brändin näkyvyyttä kytkemällä kuluttajat brändiin, mikä osaltaan vahvistaa brändipääomaa. Tässä väitöskirjassa käytetty termi inhimillistäminen ei rajoitu vain brändeihin, jotka käyttävät antropomorfisia hahmoja kuten M&M:n hahmot. Tässä yhteydessä termiin sisältyy myös keinoja, joita hyödyntämällä kuluttajat tuntevat brändin olevan ”lähellä minua”, ”kuten minä” ja ”kumppani”. Vaikka asiakaslähtöisen brändipääoman tutkimusta on tehty paljon viimeisen 25 vuoden aikana, vain vähän huomiota on saanut brändien suosimisen vaikutus kuluttajan minän ja brändin välisen yhteyden muodostukseen. Vielä vähemmän tutkimusta on tehty brändien pettämisen syistä ja indikaattoreista. Lisäksi olemassa oleva tutkimus ei ota juurikaan kantaa siihen, vaikuttavatko ajallinen fokus ja ajallinen etäisyys brändin kykyyn heijastaa kuluttajien minää. Näiden tutkimusaukkojen täyttämiseksi väitöskirja esittelee neljän tutkimusartikkelin tuloksia. Käsitteellisten viitekehysten testaamista varten kerättiin yli 2 000 vastaajan aineisto kolmesta eri maasta. Ensinnäkin, tämä väitöskirja edistää kuluttajan minä-brändisuhteeseen liittyvää tutkimusta kuvaamalla brändin itse-presentaation vaikutusta minä-brändisuhteeseen. Toiseksi, tämä väitöskirja kontribuoi minä-kongruenssiin liittyvään kirjallisuuteen ajallisesta näkökulmasta tarkasteltuna. Kolmanneksi, tämä väitöskirja edistää brändien pettämiseen liittyvää kirjallisuutta tutkimalla kuluttajan taipumusta antropomorfisointiin ja toteutuneita korkean innostuneisuuden tiloja. Tutkimus myös selittää brändien pettämisen indikaattoreita, jotka koostuvat epäonnistumisen vakavuudesta ja brändin negatiivisesta motiivista. Liikkeenjohdollisina päätelminä tulokset ehdottavat (1) yhdeltä yhdelle markkinointia brändäykseen, (2) kuluttajan minän sisällyttämistä brändäyskysymyksiin, ja (3) brändin pettämisen arviointia negatiivisessa brändisuhteessa
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Wei, Fanli. "Temporal Manipulation of Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex Via Temporal Airy Profile." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1628123176895496.
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Lundberg, Emil. "Adding temporal plasticity to a self-organizing incremental neural network using temporal activity diffusion." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180346.
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Vector Quantization (VQ) is a classic optimization problem and a simple approach to pattern recognition. Applications include lossy data compression, clustering and speech and speaker recognition. Although VQ has largely been replaced by time-aware techniques like Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) in some applications, such as speech and speaker recognition, VQ still retains some significance due to its much lower computational cost — especially for embedded systems. A recent study also demonstrates a multi-section VQ system which achieves performance rivaling that of DTW in an application to handwritten signature recognition, at a much lower computational cost. Adding sensitivity to temporal patterns to a VQ algorithm could help improve such results further. SOTPAR2 is such an extension of Neural Gas, an Artificial Neural Network algorithm for VQ. SOTPAR2 uses a conceptually simple approach, based on adding lateral connections between network nodes and creating “temporal activity” that diffuses through adjacent nodes. The activity in turn makes the nearest-neighbor classifier biased toward network nodes with high activity, and the SOTPAR2 authors report improvements over Neural Gas in an application to time series prediction. This report presents an investigation of how this same extension affects quantization and prediction performance of the self-organizing incremental neural network (SOINN) algorithm. SOINN is a VQ algorithm which automatically chooses a suitable codebook size and can also be used for clustering with arbitrary cluster shapes. This extension is found to not improve the performance of SOINN, in fact it makes performance worse in all experiments attempted. A discussion of this result is provided, along with a discussion of the impact of the algorithm parameters, and possible future work to improve the results is suggested.Vektorkvantisering (VQ; eng: Vector Quantization) är ett klassiskt problem och en enkel metod för mönsterigenkänning. Bland tillämpningar finns förstörande datakompression, klustring och igenkänning av tal och talare. Även om VQ i stort har ersatts av tidsmedvetna tekniker såsom dolda Markovmodeller (HMM, eng: Hidden Markov Models) och dynamisk tidskrökning (DTW, eng: Dynamic Time Warping) i vissa tillämpningar, som tal- och talarigenkänning, har VQ ännu viss relevans tack vare sin mycket lägre beräkningsmässiga kostnad — särskilt för exempelvis inbyggda system. En ny studie demonstrerar också ett VQ-system med flera sektioner som åstadkommer prestanda i klass med DTW i en tillämpning på igenkänning av handskrivna signaturer, men till en mycket lägre beräkningsmässig kostnad. Att dra nytta av temporala mönster i en VQ-algoritm skulle kunna hjälpa till att förbättra sådana resultat ytterligare. SOTPAR2 är en sådan utökning av Neural Gas, en artificiell neural nätverk-algorithm för VQ. SOTPAR2 använder en konceptuellt enkel idé, baserad på att lägga till sidleds anslutningar mellan nätverksnoder och skapa “temporal aktivitet” som diffunderar genom anslutna noder. Aktiviteten gör sedan så att närmaste-granne-klassificeraren föredrar noder med hög aktivitet, och författarna till SOTPAR2 rapporterar förbättrade resultat jämfört med Neural Gas i en tillämpning på förutsägning av en tidsserie. I denna rapport undersöks hur samma utökning påverkar kvantiserings- och förutsägningsprestanda hos algoritmen självorganiserande inkrementellt neuralt nätverk (SOINN, eng: self-organizing incremental neural network). SOINN är en VQ-algorithm som automatiskt väljer en lämplig kodboksstorlek och också kan användas för klustring med godtyckliga klusterformer. Experimentella resultat visar att denna utökning inte förbättrar prestandan hos SOINN, istället försämrades prestandan i alla experiment som genomfördes. Detta resultat diskuteras, liksom inverkan av parametervärden på prestandan, och möjligt framtida arbete för att förbättra resultaten föreslås.
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Beilstein, Elizabeth A. "The influence of temporal saliency on young children's estimates of performance." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173284258.
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Zara, Georgia. "Possible selves, self-discrepancies and delinquent behaviour : a socio-psychological model." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342091.
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Alvaro, Celeste. "Exploring the role of threatening feelings in self-enhancing temporal comparisons." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0028/MQ51281.pdf.
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Warry, Christopher John Bevan. "Factors affecting human self-control in a local versus global choice paradigm." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327606.
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Truong, Grace. "The spatial and temporal dynamics of self-relevance of attention for objects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62419.
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Ownership is a powerful mechanism for influencing attention. Objects that are owned by the self receive more attention and are more likely to be remembered than equivalent objects that are owned by another person. The most common explanation for this ownership effect is self- referencing/self-relevance: the act of associating an object with the self such that it is personally relevant to the self. What remained unknown is how the ownership-attention relationship functions when the scope of the self is expanded to include the influences of the body and the continuity (or lack thereof) of self-relevance over time. Over three studies, my dissertation aims to contextualize the attentional effects of ownership within these broader dimensions. In the first study, I found that the presence of the body could moderate the classic effect of ownership but that this moderation depends on the body’s ability to directly manipulate the contents of its environment. In the second study, I found that ownership might operate as a form of affective salience, altering attentional prioritization and, in turn, temporal perception. In the third study, I found that objects that cease to be self-owned still receive greater attentional resources than objects that are not initially self-owned, suggesting that the effects of self-relevance are robust to subsequent changes in ownership. My research demonstrates that the effects of ownership on attention may rely on multiple aspects of self, including embodiment and motivational significance. Importantly, one critical element that emerges from these studies is that of an active or agentic self that is distinguishable from more object-based aspects of self. Collectively, these findings suggest that a deeper understanding of ownership effects on attention necessitates a deeper understanding of the self.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Vogel, Erin A. "The Influence of Social and Temporal Comparison on Health-Relevant Self-Perceptions." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1493130303918794.
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Fung, Man-hong, and 馮文康. "Reducing academic procrastination for junior secondary school students : the application of the temporal motivational theory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209687.
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The study examined the effectiveness of a motivational package developed based on the components of the temporal motivational theory on reducing the participants’ tendency to procrastinate. Characteristics of a sample of 308 junior secondary school students (formed 14 groups) were matched and randomly assigned (in group unit) into treatment and control conditions. Through watching a video in a workshop, the treatment group learned the skills to reduce procrastination while the control group learned relaxation skills. Participants then completed an assignment in 10 school days after the intervention workshop to apply the strategies they have learnt. Results indicated that participants who received the intervention package showed significantly less behavioral procrastination than those who did not. Implications of the findings were discussed.published_or_final_version
Educational Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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Yeggy, Maria. "CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF A BRIEF AND LONG TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING SURVEY." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2430.
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Temporal discounting can be used to evaluate impulsivity in various populations. One assessment measure that can be used is a monetary choice questionnaire in which individuals are provided with an option to select a specified amount of money now, or a different amount following a temporal delay. This study examines the convergent validity of a long monetary choice questionnaire consisting of 189 questions and a brief monetary choice questionnaire consisting of 7 questions, in which participants can select all of the amounts they would prefer to acquire. The results of this study suggested that there is convergent validity between the two surveys through the use of Pearson’s correlation (r=.648, p< .001) and a paired samples t- test that demonstrated that the difference between the AUC scores was not significant (p=.287). Keywords: discounting, convergent validity, impulsivity, self- control, temporal discounting
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Wandeto, John Mwangi. "Self-organizing map quantization error approach for detecting temporal variations in image sets." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD025/document.
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Une nouvelle approche du traitement de l'image, appelée SOM-QE, qui exploite quantization error (QE) des self-organizing maps (SOM) est proposée dans cette thèse. Les SOM produisent des représentations discrètes de faible dimension des données d'entrée de haute dimension. QE est déterminée à partir des résultats du processus d'apprentissage non supervisé du SOM et des données d'entrée. SOM-QE d'une série chronologique d'images peut être utilisé comme indicateur de changements dans la série chronologique. Pour configurer SOM, on détermine la taille de la carte, la distance du voisinage, le rythme d'apprentissage et le nombre d'itérations dans le processus d'apprentissage. La combinaison de ces paramètres, qui donne la valeur la plus faible de QE, est considérée comme le jeu de paramètres optimal et est utilisée pour transformer l'ensemble de données. C'est l'utilisation de l'assouplissement quantitatif. La nouveauté de la technique SOM-QE est quadruple : d'abord dans l'usage. SOM-QE utilise un SOM pour déterminer la QE de différentes images - typiquement, dans un ensemble de données de séries temporelles - contrairement à l'utilisation traditionnelle où différents SOMs sont appliqués sur un ensemble de données. Deuxièmement, la valeur SOM-QE est introduite pour mesurer l'uniformité de l'image. Troisièmement, la valeur SOM-QE devient une étiquette spéciale et unique pour l'image dans l'ensemble de données et quatrièmement, cette étiquette est utilisée pour suivre les changements qui se produisent dans les images suivantes de la même scène. Ainsi, SOM-QE fournit une mesure des variations à l'intérieur de l'image à une instance dans le temps, et lorsqu'il est comparé aux valeurs des images subséquentes de la même scène, il révèle une visualisation transitoire des changements dans la scène à l'étude. Dans cette recherche, l'approche a été appliquée à l'imagerie artificielle, médicale et géographique pour démontrer sa performance. Les scientifiques et les ingénieurs s'intéressent aux changements qui se produisent dans les scènes géographiques d'intérêt, comme la construction de nouveaux bâtiments dans une ville ou le recul des lésions dans les images médicales. La technique SOM-QE offre un nouveau moyen de détection automatique de la croissance dans les espaces urbains ou de la progression des maladies, fournissant des informations opportunes pour une planification ou un traitement approprié. Dans ce travail, il est démontré que SOM-QE peut capturer de très petits changements dans les images. Les résultats confirment également qu'il est rapide et moins coûteux de faire la distinction entre le contenu modifié et le contenu inchangé dans les grands ensembles de données d'images. La corrélation de Pearson a confirmé qu'il y avait des corrélations statistiquement significatives entre les valeurs SOM-QE et les données réelles de vérité de terrain. Sur le plan de l'évaluation, cette technique a donné de meilleurs résultats que les autres approches existantes. Ce travail est important car il introduit une nouvelle façon d'envisager la détection rapide et automatique des changements, même lorsqu'il s'agit de petits changements locaux dans les images. Il introduit également une nouvelle méthode de détermination de QE, et les données qu'il génère peuvent être utilisées pour prédire les changements dans un ensemble de données de séries chronologiquesA new approach for image processing, dubbed SOM-QE, that exploits the quantization error (QE) from self-organizing maps (SOM) is proposed in this thesis. SOM produce low-dimensional discrete representations of high-dimensional input data. QE is determined from the results of the unsupervised learning process of SOM and the input data. SOM-QE from a time-series of images can be used as an indicator of changes in the time series. To set-up SOM, a map size, the neighbourhood distance, the learning rate and the number of iterations in the learning process are determined. The combination of these parameters that gives the lowest value of QE, is taken to be the optimal parameter set and it is used to transform the dataset. This has been the use of QE. The novelty in SOM-QE technique is fourfold: first, in the usage. SOM-QE employs a SOM to determine QE for different images - typically, in a time series dataset - unlike the traditional usage where different SOMs are applied on one dataset. Secondly, the SOM-QE value is introduced as a measure of uniformity within the image. Thirdly, the SOM-QE value becomes a special, unique label for the image within the dataset and fourthly, this label is used to track changes that occur in subsequent images of the same scene. Thus, SOM-QE provides a measure of variations within the image at an instance in time, and when compared with the values from subsequent images of the same scene, it reveals a transient visualization of changes in the scene of study. In this research the approach was applied to artificial, medical and geographic imagery to demonstrate its performance. Changes that occur in geographic scenes of interest, such as new buildings being put up in a city or lesions receding in medical images are of interest to scientists and engineers. The SOM-QE technique provides a new way for automatic detection of growth in urban spaces or the progressions of diseases, giving timely information for appropriate planning or treatment. In this work, it is demonstrated that SOM-QE can capture very small changes in images. Results also confirm it to be fast and less computationally expensive in discriminating between changed and unchanged contents in large image datasets. Pearson's correlation confirmed that there was statistically significant correlations between SOM-QE values and the actual ground truth data. On evaluation, this technique performed better compared to other existing approaches. This work is important as it introduces a new way of looking at fast, automatic change detection even when dealing with small local changes within images. It also introduces a new method of determining QE, and the data it generates can be used to predict changes in a time series dataset
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Hietanen, Jari K. "Visual processing in a primate temporal association cortex : insensitivity to self-induced motion." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14576.
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An animal's own behaviour can give rise to sensory stimulation that is very similar to stimulation of completely external origin. Much of this self-induced stimulation has little informative value to the animal and may even interfere with the processing of externally-induced stimulation. A high-level association area in the temporal cortex of macaque (superior temporal polysensory area, STP) which has been shown to participate in the analysis of visual motion was targeted in a series of experiments in order to investigate whether this brain area discriminates externally- and self-induced stimulation in its visual motion processing. Earlier results in somatosensory processing within this same brain area provided grounds for this presumption The cells studied in here were sensitive to the presence of motion but showed no selectivity for the form of the stimulus. 25% of all visually responsive cells in area STP were classified as belonging to this class of cells. This group of cells was further categorized into unidirectional (39%), bidirectional (4%) and pandirectional (57%) cells. Tuning to direction varied in sharpness. For most cells the angular change in direction required to reduce response to half maximal was between 45 and 70 degrees. The optimal directions of cells appeared clustered around cartesian axes, (up/down, left/right and towards/away). The response latency varied between 35.0-126.4 ms (mean 90.9 ms). On average cell responses showed a transient burst of activity followed by a tonic discharge maintained for the duration of stimulation. 83% of the motion sensitive cells lacking form selectivity responded to any stimuli moved by the experimenter, but gave no response to the sight of the animal's own limb movements. The cells remained, however, responsive to external stimulation while the monkey's own hand was moving in view. Responses to self-induced movements were recovered if the monkey introduced a novel object in its hand into view. That the response discrimination between externally- and self-induced stimulation was not caused by differences in the visual appearance of the stimuli was confirmed in the second experiment where the monkey was trained to rotate a handle connected to a patterned cylinder in order to generate visual motion stimulation over a fixation point. 61% of the tested cells discriminated between pattern motion generated by the monkey and by the experimenter. It was shown that the monkey's motor activity as such (turning a handle without visible cylinder rotation) did not affect the cells' spontaneous activity. Some indication was received to suggest that the discriminative mechanism is using not only (motor) corollary discharges but also proprioceptive input. These results also gave evidence of the plasticity of discriminative processing in STP for the animal's life-time experiences. Finally, the cells were studied for their responsiveness for image motion resulting from movements of external objects and movements of the animal's body (self-motion). 84% of the cells responded only to visual object-motion and failed to respond to visual motion resulting from animal's self-motion. The experiments also revealed that area STP processes visual motion mostly in observer- relative terms, i.e. in reference to the perceiver itself. The results provide one explanation for the functional significance of the convergence of several modalities of sensory (and motor) input in the STP. It is suggested that area STP works as a "neural filter" to separate expected sensory consequences resulting from one's own actions from those that originate from the actions of other animals or environmental events.
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Dorobantu, Monica. "An integrated model of achievement goals and self-regulated action : identifying domain, cultural and temporal effects." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14851.
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The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate the fit between four achievement goals, personal goal attributes and self-regulation strategies, and the generalisation of goal-strategy patterns to (1) different life domains (academic and physical activity settings), (2) two cultures (individualistic/the UK and collectivistic/Romania) and (3) over time, in two contexts (academic and sport university settings) in the UK. Additionally, differences between high level English and Romanian athletes in self-construals (individualism versus collectivism), achievement goals and self-regulation processes was investigated in one study. Method. The participants in the four studies of this thesis were: English university students (N = 591; study 1), English university athletes and exercise participants (N = 294 and N = 288, respectively; study 2), English and Romanian elite/sub-elite athletes (N = 91, N = 109 respectively; study 3a), Romanian university students involved in sport at elite and sub-elite levels (N = 196; study 3b), and English university student-athletes (N= 295; study 4). Three main questionnaires were used: the Achievement Goals Questionnaire (AGQ; Elliot & McGregor, 2001) (studies 1, 3b, and 4) and the Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport (AGQ-S; Conroy, Elliot & Hofer, 2003) (studies 2, 3ab and 4) measured four achievement goals in academic and sport settings, respectively (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals); the third questionnaire, the Goal Systems Assessment Battery (GSAB; Karoly & Ruehlman, 1995) (all studies) required participants to state their most important personal goal, and measured two goal attributes (efficacy and value) and five self-regulation strategies used during goal pursuit (planning, self-monitoring, social comparison, self-reward and self-criticism). The fourth questionnaire, was the Self-Construal Scale-Revised (SCS-R; Hardin, 2006) which measured individualistic and collectivistic self-definitions in study 3a. Studies 1, 2 and 3a and 3b employed a correlational design, structural equation modelling analyses, and multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance (study 3a only), while study 4 employed a longitudinal design, latent growth curve analyses and structural equation modelling. Studies 1 and 2 Results. The goal-strategy models identified in education (study 1), sport and exercise (study 2) in the UK were very similar to each other, and consisted of both positive and negative paths (see figure A overleaf). Furthermore, in study 1, the total sample was divided into two samples according to the difficulty and specificity of personal goals: students in sample 1 (N = 325) set easy and vague goals, while students in sample 2 (N = 266) set difficult and specific goals. The model found in the total sample was tested again simultaneous in these two samples in order to ascertain the potential moderation effects of goal difficulty and specificity. As the model was invariant across groups it was concluded that personal goal difficulty/specificity was not a moderator of achievement goal relations with self-regulation processes. Finally, in study 2 Map relations with planning/self-monitoring was fully and partially mediated by goal efficacy and value in the sport and exercise domains, respectively. Study 3a and 3b Results. In study 3a, Romanian athletes had higher collectivistic self-construals than English athletes, while the two groups were similar in individualism. After controlling for collectivism, Romanian athletes, regardless of sport type (individual or team sport) had higher scores than English athletes on Pap and Pav goals, social comparison and self-motivation strategies (self-reward and self-criticism); and Romanian team sport athletes had higher scores on Map and planning/self-monitoring than their English counterparts. In study 3b the goal-strategy models identified in moderately competitive academic and physical activity settings in an individualistic West European culture (UK) were tested in highly competitive academic and elite sport settings in a collectivistic East European culture (Romania). The academic and sport domain models identified in Romania were similar to each other, and to those found in the UK. The following differences in model paths were noted in Romania: in the academic domain, four paths were not significant (Map and Mav to efficacy, efficacy to self-reward, and social comparison to self-criticism); and a new negative path was identified, from Map to social comparison; in the sport domain, five paths were not significant (Mav to efficacy, Pap to efficacy and social comparison, efficacy to reward and social comparison to self-criticism) and three new paths emerged, two positive paths, Pav to social comparison, and efficacy to planning/self-monitoring, and one negative path from efficacy to criticism. The positive path from Pav to social comparison (found in highly competitive sport settings) represents the most notable difference between the UK and Romanian models. Study 4 Results. The goal-strategy models identified in academic and sport contexts in studies 1 and 2 (described earlier) emerged again in these settings in study 4 (minus the path from efficacy to reward in both settings, and efficacy to criticism in academia) at three measurement times (start, middle and end of academic year/competitive season). Therefore, the model was stable over time. Unconditional growth curve analyses showed that, during one year, achievement goals and self-regulation processes followed different patterns of change: Map and Pav goals declined, while Pap and Mav goals were stable in education, and all goals declined in sport settings; goal commitment (a composite measure of goal efficacy and value) declined and planning/self-monitoring remained stable (in both settings); social comparison and self-motivation (a composite measure of self-reward and self-criticism) increased in education, while in sport the former was stable and the latter declined . Finally, associative growth curve models showed that in both domains: 1) temporal changes in Map were positively related to changes in goal commitment and planning/monitoring, and changes in the latter were associated with changes in self-motivation; 2) changes in Pap, social comparison and self-motivation were positively related; and 3) Mav changes were not related to changes in SR processes. Conclusion. This thesis advocates a conceptualisation of achievement goals as a dynamic, cyclical interplay between situated reasons, standards and self-regulated action; 2) an exploration of goal standards dimensions beyond the mastery-performance focus with the reason-standard complex; and 3) an expanded achievement motivation and self-regulation model, including the why (achievement goals), the what (personal goals/goal setting), and the how (self-regulated action), where the focus of enquiry is sifted from the correlates to the mechanisms of achievement goal effects.
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Svennersjö, Emilia. "Thinking things over : The electrophysiology and temporal dynamics of self- and situation-focused reappraisal." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15684.
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Cognitive reappraisal is an emotion regulation strategy that has been shown effective in down-regulating negative emotions in both psychological and electrophysiological measures. Although there are many studies on cognitive reappraisal, only recently have there been studies differentiating between various ways of employing the strategy. This event-related potential (ERP) study sets out to compare the efficiency and temporal dynamics of three cognitive reappraisal techniques – situation-focused reappraisal, social distancing, and temporal distancing – by measuring their effects on emotional responses to aversive pictures, as indexed by the affective ERP component the late positive potential (LPP). EEG data was recorded from 17 participants. The results revealed no significant differences between emotion regulation strategies and baseline for the total ERP epoch (3,000 ms). When differentiating between early (400-800 ms), mid (800-1,500 ms), and late (1,500-3,000) periods of the epoch, significance was found in some conditions, but since no significant overall LPP activity was found, these numbers are difficult to interpret.
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Michael, Kurt David. "An Investigation of the Temporal Stability of Self-Reported Internalizing Symptoms in Elementary-Age Children." DigitalCommons@USU, 1997. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6106.
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Over the past two decades, a great deal of research has been devoted to the understanding of internalizing disorders in children. Internalizing disorders encompass a wide variety of problems, including depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, and somatic complaints. It has been suggested that the existence of internalizing disorders in children has negative effects upon their self-esteem, academic achievement, physical health, and future adjustment. However, because internalizing disorders are, in great measure, subjective perceptions of internal distress, they are often not readily or reliably identified by external observers. As a result, several researchers have stressed the importance of eliciting the child 's perspective through self-report assessment. While there are several excellent self-report measures of internalizing constructs, none of these instruments is designed to measure the comprehensive domain of internalizing disorders in children below the age of 11 even though it has been established that children as young as 8 are able to give reliable self-reports. This apparent dearth of broad-based instruments for middle- to late-elementary school children creates problems for the assessment of internalizing problems because the various internalizing syndromes often coexist with one another, therefore limiting the utility of a single-syndrome instrument.
The newly developed Internalizing Symptoms Scale for Children (ISSC) is a 48- item self-report instrument designed to measure the broad range of internalizing problems in children. This investigation was conducted to establish whether the ISSC is a reliable measure of internalizing symptoms in 8- to 12-year-old children over 2-, 4-, and 12-week intervals. Overall, the findings provide strong support for the ISSC as a reliable measure of internalizing symptoms in elementary-age children over short- to medium-length time intervals.
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Goodman, Stephen D. "Temporal pattern identification in a self-organizing neural network with an application to data compression." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15794.
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Yuan, Chengan. "Preference in Asynchronous Presentation of Stimuli." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2795.
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A self-control procedure that involved a later onset of a stimulus signalling a small reinforcer within the waiting time for a larger reinforcer was investigated to determine a point of shifting preference and a discounting function as the delay varied. The results from Experiment 1 to Experiment 3 showed exclusive impulsive choices regardless of the delay. In order to examine if the results were due to the procedure and the parameters, or the species used, Experiment 4 attempted to obtain shifts in preference using simultaneous onset of stimuli with the same species. The results demonstrated no changes in preference but an increase in proportion of self-control choices was shown. Due to the limited information from the replicated studies, the accounts for the results could not be concluded. The explanations derived from choice models seemed most plausible, but limitations of the choice models were discussed.
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Osborn, Hannah J. "Nostalgic Reverie and Affect toward Past and Present Selves." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1480609303460523.
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Verma, Mohini. "Temporal patterns of co-occurrence between children's self-regulatory behaviour and their private and social speech." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273906.
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The role of language has been identified as crucial in the cognitive development of young children, and has been observed on different time-scales. In particular, the real-time verbal mediation of behaviour has been studied in the context of private speech use and self-regulation, pioneered by Vygotsky and continued by others who followed this line of research. However previous studies have mainly attempted to find correlations between speech and self-regulatory behaviour, but have been unable to capture the dynamic and real-time temporal interactions between these phenomena. Hence, without being able to carry out a contextual analysis of the actual instances of temporal co-occurrence between speech and behaviour, correlational analysis is limited in determining the various kinds of verbal mediation that children spontaneously employ as strategies during problem-solving and while exercising self-regulation. The current study proposes ‘temporal pattern analysis’ as an effective method of extracting significantly recurring patterns of task-relevant speech and goal-directed behaviour, as they repeatedly occur in a stream of naturalistic behaviour which may also contain other temporally random events. These recurring temporal patterns are then contextually analysed, considering the pragmatic content of the speech involved and the goal-directedness of the behaviour towards a specific goal of the episode. Goal-directed episodes of behaviour in eight typically-developing preschool children were video-recorded during their self-initiated activities in the classroom as well as during a problem-solving task held in a laboratory setting. The proposed method of temporal and contextual analysis was used to examine the role of both private as well as social speech in the verbal mediation of self-regulatory behaviour during goal-attainment. A Contextual Model of Verbal Mediation was proposed in the study to account for the diverse functions that both social and private speech perform during verbal mediation of one’s own and others’ behaviour in a goal-directed setting, depending on the specific social and task-related context. A dynamic framework of assessment of performance was developed in the study, to account for both successful attempts at self-regulation as well as failures of self-regulation. The study also attempted to determine any consistent group differences in the styles of verbal mediation employed by the children, across the classroom and the laboratory settings.
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Briggs, Jessie C. "Reconstruing past selves following threats to self-esteem and effects on construal level." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/595084.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Previous research on Temporal Self-Appraisal Theory demonstrated that people make downward comparisons to their past selves. Researchers have discussed this tendency to denigrate past selves as a self-esteem maintenance strategy; however, little research has been done on how people recall their past selves following active threats to their self-esteem. Reconstruing one’s past self for self-enhancement may lead to changes in construal level. I conducted three studies in which participants were randomly assigned to either an intelligence self-esteem threat or control condition and then tasked to recall an autobiographical memory, rate attributes of their recalled past self, and complete a measure of construal level. In the pilot study (N = 113), participants were free to recall any memory of their choosing. In Studies 1 and 2, participants recalled and rated two memories from early high-school: pre- and post-threat manipulation. Participants in Study 1 (N = 240) recalled their academic experience, while participants in Study 2 (N = 243) recalled their interpersonal relationships. A pattern emerged across studies suggesting that when people recall autobiographical memories related to the domain in which their self-esteem has been threatened (an academic memory and intelligence threat), threatened participants are more likely to denigrate their past selves (lower endorsement of positive self-attributes post-manipulation than pre-test) than controls in threat-relevant traits (competence, knowledge). This pattern is accompanied by an increased likelihood to recall positive transformations and periods of growth, as opposed to stability. However, a relationship with construal level was not observed. Further, when people recall autobiographical memories unrelated to the domain in which their self-esteem has been threatened (an interpersonal memory and intelligence threat), threatened participants are more likely to idealize their past selves (higher endorsement of positive self-attributes post-manipulation than pre-test) than controls in threat-irrelevant traits (likeable, attractive). However, this pattern was only observed for those who demonstrated fixed mindsets, emphasizing stability, and was not associated with an impact on construal level.
Temple University--Theses
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Sainte, Fare Garnot Vivien. "Learning spatio-temporal representations of satellite time series for large-scale crop mapping." Thesis, Université Gustave Eiffel, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UEFL2006.
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L'analyse et le suivi de l'activité agricole d'un territoire nécessitent la production de cartes agricoles précises. Ces cartes identifient les bordures de chaque parcelle ainsi que le type de culture. Ces informations sont précieuses pour une variété d'acteurs et ont des applications allant de la prévision de la production alimentaire à l'allocation de subventions ou à la gestion environnementale. Alors que les premières cartes agricoles nécessitaient un travail de terrain fastidieux, l'essor de l'analyse automatisée des données de télédétection a ouvert la voie à des cartographies à grande échelle. Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à la cartographie agricole à partir de séries temporelles d'images satellites multi-spectrales. Dans la plupart des travaux de la dernière décennie ce problème est abordé à l'aide de modèles d'apprentissage automatique entraînés sur des descripteurs conçus par des experts. Cependant, dans la littérature de vision par ordinateur (VO) et du traitement automatique de la langue (TAL), l'entrainement de modèles d'apprentissage profond à apprendre des représentations à partir des données brutes a constitué un changement de paradigme menant à des performances sans précédent sur une variété de problèmes. De même, l'application de ces modèles d'apprentissage profond aux données de télédétection a considérablement amélioré l'état de l'art pour la cartographie agricole ainsi que d'autres tâches de télédétection.Dans cette thèse nous soutenons que les méthodes actuelles issues des littérature VO et TAL ignorent certaines des spécificités des données de télédétection et ne devraient pas être appliquées directement. Au contraire, nous pronons le développement de méthodes adaptées, exploitant les structures spatiales, spectrales et temporelles spécifiques des séries temporelles d'images satellites. Nous caractérisons la cartographie agricole successivement comme une classification à la parcelle, une segmentation sémantique et une segmentation panoptique. Pour chacune de ces tâches, nous développons une nouvelle architecture d'apprentissage profond adaptée aux particularités de la tâche et inspirée des avancées récentes de l'apprentissage profond. Nous montrons que nos méthodes établissent un nouvel état de l'art tout en étant plus efficaces que les approches concurrentes.Plus précisément, nous présentons (i) le Pixel-Set Encoder, un encodeur spatial efficace, (ii) le Temporal Attention Encoder (TAE), un encodeur temporel utilisant la self-attention, (iii) le U-net avec TAE, une variation du TAE pour les problèmes de segmentation, et (iv) Parcel-as-Point, un module de segmentation d'instance conçu pour la segmentation panoptique des parcelles.Nous étudions également comment exploiter des séries temporelles multimodales combinant des informations optiques et radar. Nous améliorons ainsi les performances de nos modèles ainsi que leur robustesse aux nuages. Enfin, nous considérons l'arbre hiérarchique qui décrit les relations sémantiques entre les types de culture. Nous présentons une méthode pour inclure cette structure dans le processus d'apprentissage. Sur la classification des cultures ainsi que d'autres problèmes de classification, notre méthode réduit le taux d'erreurs entre les classes sémantiquement éloignées. En plus de ces méthodes, nous introduisons PASTIS, le premier jeu de données en accès libre de séries temporelles d'images satellites multimodales avec des annotations panoptiques de parcelles agricoles. Nous espérons que ce jeu de données, ainsi que les résultats prometteurs présentés dans cette thèse encourageront d'autres travaux de recherche et aideront à produire des cartes agricoles toujours plus précisesUnderstanding and monitoring the agricultural activity of a territory requires the production of accurate crop type maps. Such maps identify the boundaries of each agricultural parcel along with the cultivated crop type. This information is valuable for a variety of stakeholders and has applications ranging from food supply prediction to subsidy allocation and environmental monitoring. While earlier crop type maps required tedious in situ data collection, the advent of automated analysis of remote sensing data enabled large-scale mapping efforts. In this dissertation, we consider the problem of crop type mapping from multispectral satellite image time series. In most of the literature of the past decade, this problem is typically addressed with traditional machine learning models trained on hand-engineered descriptors. Meanwhile, in the Computer Vision (CV) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) literature, the ability to train deep learning models to learn representations from raw data provoked a paradigm shift leading to unprecedented levels of performance on a variety of problems. Similarly, the application of deep learning models to remote sensing data significantly improved the state-of-the-art for crop type mapping as well as other tasks.In this thesis, we hold that current state-of-the-art methods from CV and NLP ignore some of the crucial specificities of remote sensing data and should not be applied directly. Instead, we argue for the design of bespoke methods exploiting the specific spatial, spectral, and temporal structures of satellite time series. We successively characterise crop type mapping as parcel-based classification, semantic segmentation, and panoptic segmentation. For each of these tasks, we develop a novel deep learning architecture adapted to the task's peculiarities and inspired by recent advances in the deep learning literature. We show that our methods set a new state-of-the-art while being more efficient than competing approaches.Specifically, we introduce (i) the Pixel-Set Encoder, an efficient spatial parcel-based encoder, (ii) the Temporal Attention Encoder (TAE), a self-attention temporal encoder, (iii) U-net with TAE, a variation of the TAE for segmentation problems, and (iv) Parcel-as-Point, a lightweight instance segmentation head designed for the panoptic segmentation of parcels.We also explore how these architectures can leverage multi-modal image time series combining optical and radar information through well-chosen fusion schemes. This approach improves the mapping performance as well as the robustness to cloud obstruction. Lastly, we focus on the hierarchical tree that encapsulates the semantic relationships between crop classes. We introduce a method to include such structure in the learning process. On crop classification as well as other classification problems, we show that our method reduces the rate of errors between semantically distant classes.Along with these methods, we introduce PASTIS, the first large-scale open-access dataset of multimodal satellite image time series with panoptic annotations of agricultural parcels. We hope that this dataset, along with the promising results presented in this dissertation, will encourage further research and help produce ever more accurate agricultural maps
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Pike, Stephen Mace. "A model of mind from the perspective of temporal structuralism." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4624.
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Symmetry and symmetry-breaking have, in the last one hundred and fifty years, become incorporated as central explanatory concepts within the natural sciences and mathematics. An abbreviated review of the incorporation of symmetry within the disciplines of mathematics, physics, philosophy and biology, provides a frame within which to develop of a model of mind. This thesis combines the framework provided by symmetry and symmetry-breaking with a structural understanding of self-referential dynamics in examining the implied Kantian model of mind. It considers that Kant’s assumption of a transcendental self unnecessarily isolates consciousness from being understood as a product of complex natural processes. Kant’s structural model of mind is examined and reformulated in terms of a more fundamental form and process. The space required for any non-reductionist model of mind is proposed as being generated through an enfolding of dimensionality in the occurrence of categorical level symmetry breaking during evolutionary development. The temporally extended function is accounted for in terms of self-referential structural dynamics operating within the primary temporal asymmetry. The model of mind proposed is created through application of naturalistic explanations incorporating symmetry and has attributes that may prove of interest to non-reductionists. The phenomenological geometry established provides a framework to understand the experiential phenomenon of qualia while conforming to the requirements of a natural explanation. Information is conceived as being transmitted inwaveforms propagated across spaces of enfolded dimensionalities through structural framesdemarcating nested spaces and condensing in the synthesis of unity in the object of attention,or image, and returning to distribute, the now reformulated, information outward acrosscontextual frames and spaces. This simplified dynamic is considered to operate at all levels of natural phenomena and involves the reintroduction of Bohm’s concepts of implicate and explicate order. The result is a model of mind employing a minimum structural form and self-referential dynamics that has potential for integration across the discipline theoretic frames of the natural sciences while retaining, for the domain of conscious phenomena, an independent causal significance in terms of a temporal structuralism.
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Mahmoodi, Korosh. "Emergence of Cooperation and Homeodynamics as a Result of Self Organized Temporal Criticality: From Biology to Physics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248467/.
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This dissertation is an attempt at establishing a bridge between biology and physics leading naturally from the field of phase transitions in physics to the cooperative nature of living systems. We show that this aim can be realized by supplementing the current field of evolutionary game theory with a new form of self-organized temporal criticality. In the case of ordinary criticality, the units of a system choosing either cooperation or defection under the influence of the choices done by their nearest neighbors, undergo a significant change of behavior when the intensity of social influence has a critical value. At criticality, the behavior of the individual units is correlated with that of all other units, in addition to the behavior of the nearest neighbors. The spontaneous transition to criticality of this work is realized as follows: the units change their behavior (defection or cooperation) under the social influence of their nearest neighbors and update the intensity of their social influence spontaneously by the feedback they get from the payoffs of the game (environment). If units, which are selfish, get higher benefit with respect to their previous play, they increase their interest to interact with other units and vice versa. Doing this, the behavior of single units and the whole system spontaneously evolve towards criticality, thereby realizing a global behavior favoring cooperation. In the case when the interacting units are oscillators with their own periodicity, homeodynamics concerns, the individual payoff is the synchronization with the nearest neighbors (i.e., lowering the energy of the system), the spontaneous transition to criticality generates fluctuations characterized by the joint action of periodicity and crucial events of the same kind as those revealed by the current analysis of the dynamics of the brain. This result is expected to explain the efficiency of enzyme catalyzers, on the basis of a new non-equilibrium statistical physics. We argue that the results obtained apply to sociological and psychological systems as well as to elementary biological systems.
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Gupta, Maneesh Kumar. "Stimuli-responsive hybrid nanomaterials: spatial and temporal control of multifunctional properties." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45920.
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Recently, technological advancement and the promise of next-generation devices have created an overwhelming push for the continued miniaturization of active systems to the micro- and nanometer scale. In this regime, traditional mechanical systems are largely inaccessible and as a result new active or stimuli-responsive materials are required. The work presented in this dissertation provides an understanding of the responsive nature of polymer and biopolymer interfaces especially in contact with metal nanoparticles. This understanding was utilized in conjunction with top-down template-based and self-assembly fabrication strategies to create hybrid protein based films and active polymer-metal hybrids that exhibit large and well-defined modulation of mechanical and optical properties. These materials processing developments represent advancement in the current state of the art specifically in three major areas: 1. template-based top-down control of protein chain conformation, 2. high-throughput synthesis and assembly of strongly coupled plasmonic nanoparticles with modulated optical properties (both near- and far-field), 3. field-assisted assembly of highly mobile and non-close packed magnetic nanorods with capabilities for rapid actuation.
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Ransom, Sean. "Temporal comparisons and the perception of posttraumatic growth in early stage cancer patients." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001292.
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Charlton, Shawn R. "The relationship between behavioral measures of self-control temporal discounting and the single-player iterated prisoner's dilemma /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3233748.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 6, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-148).
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Khouzam, Bassem. "Neural networks as cellular computing models for temporal sequence processing." Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0007/document.
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La thèse propose une approche de l'apprentissage temporel par des mécanismes d'auto-organisation à grain fin. Le manuscrit situe dans un premier temps le travail dans la perspective de contribuer à promouvoir une informatique cellulaire. Il s'agit d'une informatique où les calculs se répartissent en un grand nombre de calculs élémentaires, exécutés en parallèle, échangeant de l'information entre eux. Le caractère cellulaire tient à ce qu'en plus d’être à grain fin, une telle architecture assure que les connexions entre calculateurs respectent une topologie spatiale, en accord avec les contraintes des évolutions technologiques futures des matériels. Dans le manuscrit, la plupart des architectures informatiques distribuées sont examinées suivant cette perspective, pour conclure que peu d'entre elles relèvent strictement du paradigme cellulaire.Nous nous sommes intéressé à la capacité d'apprentissage de ces architectures, du fait de l'importance de cette notion dans le domaine connexe des réseaux de neurones par exemple, sans oublier toutefois que les systèmes cellulaires sont par construction des systèmes complexes dynamiques. Cette composante dynamique incontournable a motivé notre focalisation sur l'apprentissage temporel, dont nous avons passé en revue les déclinaisons dans les domaines des réseaux de neurones supervisés et des cartes auto-organisatrices.Nous avons finalement proposé une architecture qui contribue à la promotion du calcul cellulaire en ce sens qu'elle exhibe des propriétés d'auto-organisation pour l'extraction de la représentation des états du système dynamique qui lui fournit ses entrées, même si ces dernières sont ambiguës et ne reflètent que partiellement cet état. Du fait de la présence d'un cluster pour nos simulations, nous avons pu mettre en œuvre une architecture complexe, et voir émerger des phénomènes nouveaux. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous développons une critique qui ouvre des perspectives sur la suite à donner à nos travauxThe thesis proposes a sequence learning approach that uses the mechanism of fine grain self-organization. The manuscript initially starts by situating this effort in the perspective of contributing to the promotion of cellular computing paradigm in computer science. Computation within this paradigm is divided into a large number of elementary calculations carried out in parallel by computing cells, with information exchange between them.In addition to their fine grain nature, the cellular nature of such architectures lies in the spatial topology of the connections between cells that complies with to the constraints of the technological evolution of hardware in the future. In the manuscript, most of the distributed architecture known in computer science are examined following this perspective, to find that very few of them fall within the cellular paradigm.We are interested in the learning capacity of these architectures, because of the importance of this notion in the related domain of neural networks for example, without forgetting, however, that cellular systems are complex dynamical systems by construction.This inevitable dynamical component has motivated our focus on the learning of temporal sequences, for which we reviewed the different models in the domains of neural networks and self-organization maps.At the end, we proposed an architecture that contributes to the promotion of cellular computing in the sense that it exhibits self-organization properties employed in the extraction of a representation of a dynamical system states that provides the architecture with its entries, even if the latter are ambiguous such that they partially reflect the system state. We profited from an existing supercomputer to simulate complex architecture, that indeed exhibited a new emergent behavior. Based on these results we pursued a critical study that sets the perspective for future work
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Piskarskas, Rimtautas. "Spatio-temporal characterization of propagation of intense femtosecond light wave packets in Kerr media." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090901_074534-46464.
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In the disertation, the self-focusing phenomenon of intense femtosecond light pulses in media with cubic nonlinearity is investigated and the origin of formation of light filaments is revealed. In this work, new measurement techniques are introduced and applied experimentally, which allowed high resolution temporal, spatial and spectral mapping of light wave-packet dynamics during the nonlinear propagation in transparent media, and enabled to observe and make accurate quantitative evaluation of the ultrafast change of medium properties.
By means of high temporal (20 fs) and spatial (1 μm) resolution laser 3D mapping technique, it was shown that the initial Gaussian wave packet during self-action in Kerr media redistributes its energy in a way that in spatio-temporal domain the wave packet takes a complex X-type intensity distribution. This transformation is universal and is determined by temporal and spatial spectral broadening (as a consequence of self-focusing and self phase modulation), conical emission (as a consequence of four-wave mixing) and nonlinear losses caused by multiphoton absorption.
By means of imaging spectrometer technique it was shown that in the medium with normal group velocity dispersion the far-field angular spectrum of the wave packet takes a characteristic X shape, whereas in anomalous group velocity dispersion regime – a characteristic O shape. In both cases the localization of the wave packet is observed, however the quantitative differences of the... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas intensyvių femtosekundinių šviesos impulsų fokusavimosi reiškinys kubinio netiesiškumo terpėse bei atskleidžiama šviesos gijų formavimosi prigimtis. Darbe yra pasiūlytos ir eksperimentiškai realizuotos šviesos bangų paketų registravimo metodikos, kurios leidžia su didele skyra fiksuoti laikinę, erdvinę bei spektrinę šviesos bangų paketų dinamiką netiesinio sklidimo metu, taip pat stebėti bei itin tiksliai kiekybiškai įvertinti terpės savybių sparčius pokyčius. Pasitelkus didelės laikinės (20 fs) ir erdvinės (1 μm) skyros lazerinės tomografijos metodiką, parodyta, kad pradinio Gauso formos bangų paketo energija saviveikos Kero terpėje metu persiskirsto taip, kad erdvėlaikyje jis įgauna sudėtingą X tipo intensyvumo skirstinį. Ši transformacija yra universali, ir ją nulemia laikinis ir erdvinis spektro plitimas (dėl fokusavimosi ir fazės moduliavimosi), kūginė spinduliuotė (dėl keturbangio maišymosi) bei nuostoliai dėl daugiafotonės sugerties. Remiantis atvaizduojančio spektrometro metodika parodyta, kad formuojantis šviesos gijai normalios grupinių greičių dispersijos terpėje bangų paketo tolimojo lauko kampinis spektrinis skirstinys yra X formos, o anomalios grupinių greičių dispersijos terpės atveju – O formos. Abiem atvejais stebima bangų paketo lokalizacija, tačiau kiekybinius kampinių spektrinių skirstinių skirtumus nulemia keturbangio dažnių maišymo fazinio sinchronizmo sąlygos. Ir galiausiai, naudojant didelės laikinės (23 fs) ir erdvinės (1,5... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Berkes, Pietro. "Temporal slowness as an unsupervised learning principle self-organization of complex cell receptive fields and application to pattern recognition /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978710878.
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Jeandet, Antoine. "Spatio-temporal characterization of femtosecond laser pulses using self-referenced Fourier transform spectroscopy Spatio-temporal structure of a petawatt femtosecond laser beam Controlling the velocity of a femtosecond laser pulse using refractive lenses." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS089.
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La technologie actuelle des lasers ultrabrefs permet de délivrer des impulsions d'une énergie de quelques dizaines de joules dont la durée est de l'ordre de la dizaine de femtosecondes. Focaliser fortement de telles impulsions permet d'obtenir des valeurs d'éclairement considérables, qui sont notamment utilisées pour générer des faisceaux de particules relativistes. Le bon fonctionnement des lasers de ultra-haute intensité nécessite un excellent contrôle des propriétés du faisceau en tout point de la chaîne d'amplification. Développer un tel niveau de contrôle exige de pouvoir mesurer les imperfections temporelles et spatiales des impulsions avec une très grande précision. Cependant, les instruments de mesure utilisés jusqu'à présent négligent un aspect important de la structure des impulsions lasers, qui est lié aux couplages spatio-temporels. Ces derniers représentent une classe particulière d'imperfections, dont l'influence sur les expériences d'ultra-haute intensité a longtemps été négligée. Les rares instruments capables de mesurer ces défauts spécifiques sont pour la plupart inadaptés à la caractérisation de faisceaux de haute énergie. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a porté sur l'instrument TERMITES, qui permet la caractérisation totale d'impulsions ultrabrèves, ainsi que leur restitution en trois dimensions. TERMITES est une technique auto-référencée qui est basée sur la spectroscopie par transformée de Fourier résolue spatialement. Une première partie de la thèse présente l'étude détaillée et l'optimisation de l'instrument TERMITES. Dans un deuxième temps, différents systèmes laser sont caractérisés grâce à cet instrument, permettant ainsi d'établir la première revue expérimentale des différentes origines de couplages spatio-temporels dans les lasers ultrabrefsCurrent ultrashort laser technology makes it possible to generate pulses lasting a few tens of femtoseconds, with energies of up to tens of joules. Strongly focusing such pulses produces ultra-intense fields that are notably used to generate relativistic particle beams. Proper operation of ultra-intense laser facilities requires to control the temporal and spatial properties of ultrashort pulses. Until now, measurement devices used for this purpose have neglected an important aspect of ultrashort pulses structure, which is linked to spatio-temporal couplings. Spatio-temporal couplings are a particular kind of defects in ultrashort pulses, of which the influence on ultra-intense experiments has been largely overlooked until recently. The rare instruments capable of measuring spatio-temporal couplings are hardly scalable to high-energy laser beams. This thesis is dedicated to TERMITES, a device for the full characterization of ultrashort laser beam, which is used to provide their three dimensional shape in space and time. TERMITES is a self-referenced technique based on spatially-resolved Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy. The first part of this work presents the detailed study of TERMITES, as well as the optimization of its design. Multiple laser systems are then characterized using the instrument. The obtained results are used to establish the first experimental review of spatio-temporal couplings origins in ultrashort lasers
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Marin, Velazco Sofia Elena. "Autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal en estudiantes repitentes de nivel secundaria." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653303.
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La repetición escolar es un fenómeno escolar percibido, pero no atendido en América Latina, esto se evidencia en la escasa producción científica de la población en relación con las variables autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo examinar la relación entre la autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal en estudiantes de nivel secundaria que han repetido de año escolar. Realizada con base en un diseño correlacional, se hizo uso de la Escala de Autoeficacia General (Grimaldo, 2005) y el Inventario de perspectiva temporal (Díaz-Morales, 2006). La muestra constó de 157 estudiantes escolares repitentes. Los resultados indican una relación moderada entre autoeficacia y la dimensión futuro (r = 0,48) y pasado positivo (r = 0,32); y una relación pequeña entre autoeficacia y presente hedonista (r = 0,30), pasado negativo (r = 0,22) y presente fatalista (r = 0,27). En conclusión, la relación encontrada entre la autoeficacia y la dimensión futuro refiere una visión positiva sobre las capacidades que posee el estudiante y así considera los problemas futuros como un desafío solucionable. Mientras que la relación entre la autoeficacia y presente fatalista implica que a pesar de tener una actitud negativa y abatida hacia el futuro, esta no afecta la percepción sobre las propias capacidades; así como, la relación entre autoeficacia y pasado negativo constituye que una visión negativa y desfavorable del pasado no implica bajas creencias de la capacidad personal. Por último, se recomienda incrementar la muestra e incluir instituciones privadas.School repetition is a perceived school phenomenon, but not attended in Latin America, this is evidenced in the limited scientific production of the population in relation to the variables self-efficacy and time perspective. The present research aims to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and temporal perspective in high school students who have repeated a school year. Carried out based on a correlational design, the General Self-efficacy Scale (Grimaldo, 2005) and the Time Perspective Inventory (Díaz-Morales, 2006) were used. The sample consisted of 157 repeating school students. The results indicate a moderate relationship between self-efficacy and the future dimension (r = 0.48) and positive past (r = 0.32); and a small relationship between self-efficacy and hedonistic present (r = 0.30), negative past (r = 0.22) and fatalistic present (r = 0.27). In conclusion, the relationship found between self-efficacy and the future dimension refers to a positive vision about the abilities that the student possesses and thus considers future problems as a solvable challenge. While the relationship between self-efficacy and fatalistic present implies that despite having a negative and dejected attitude towards the future, it does not affect the perception of one's own abilities; Likewise, the relationship between self-efficacy and negative past constitutes that a negative and unfavorable view of the past does not imply low beliefs of personal capacity. Finally, it is recommended to increase the sample and include private institutions.
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Pedroso, Márcia Regina de Oliveira. "Estado de saúde autoavaliado: fatores associados e tendência temporal em países com dados disponíveis para o período de 1990 a 2015." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-28102015-113642/.
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Introdução: A autoavaliação de saúde é um indicador da saúde geral e do bem-estar dos indivíduos e populações, resultado de uma percepção integrada sobre a saúde, incluindo aspectos biopsicossociais. Porém, há a necessidade de um melhor entendimento destes e de outros fatores associados e o estabelecimento de um modelo de causalidade. Além disto, faltam estudos avaliando as diferenças entre os países e contextos sociais, assim como a sua variação ao longo do tempo. Objetivos: 1) Descrever o estado de saúde de adultos não idosos, inferido por autoavaliação, entre países e regiões com diferentes perfis socioeconômicos; 2) Analisar os fatores contextuais e individuais associados à autoavaliação da saúde; 3) Analisar a tendência temporal dos valores da autoavaliação da saúde no período de 1990 a 2015. Métodos: Foram estudados indivíduos adultos (20-59 anos) a partir de bases de dados de pesquisas de âmbito nacional para o período de 1991 a 2013. Foram incluídas pesquisas que continham a pergunta central do estudo, sobre como o indivíduo avalia a sua saúde, totalizando 92 bases de dados. As variáveis em estudo segundo grupos serão: macroecômicas (PIB per capita e coeficiente de Gini); sociodemográficas e econômicas (idade, sexo, estado civil, trabalho, renda, escolaridade, urbano/rural); e variáveis de estilo de vida, acesso aos serviços de saúde, presença e tipos de doenças, e limitações físicas e/ou mentais conforme as informações disponíveis em cada estudo. Utilizou-se análise com modelos de efeitos mistos, através do software STATA 13.0. As bases de dados utilizadas são todas de acesso livre. Resultados: A frequência de autoavaliação da saúde ruim/muito ruim variou de 2,6 por cento na América do Norte a 14,2 por cento no Oriente Médio e Norte da África. A autoavaliação da saúde se mostrou associada com a presença de doenças crônicas, sendo pior naqueles indivíduos que as possuem. A autoavaliação da saúde melhora com o aumento da escolaridade e da renda e piora com o aumento da idade, sendo pior também no sexo feminino e nos indivíduos que não trabalham. Piora também quanto maior o número de limitações físicas e/ou mentais e é melhor naqueles indivíduos com estilo de vida mais saudável. As variáveis contextuais explicam parte da variância, sendo seu efeito mais pronunciado nas mulheres. O estado de saúde autoavaliado se reduziu ao longo dos anos. Conclusão: A autoavaliação da saúde é determinada por diversos fatores, tanto objetivos como subjetivos, demonstrando ser um bom parâmetro para a avaliação do estado geral de saúde de uma população.Introduction: The self-rated health is an indicator of overall health and well-being of individuals and populations, the result of an integrated perception of health, including biopsychosocial aspects. However, there is a need for a better understanding of these and other associated factors, and the establishment of a causal model. Furthermore, there are few studies evaluating the differences between countries and social contexts and their variation over time. Objectives: 1) To describe the health status of non-elderly adults, inferred by self-assessment, between countries and regions with different socio-economic profiles; 2) analyze the contextual and individual factors associated with self-rated health; 3) To analyze time trends of self-rated of values from 1990 to 2015. Methods: We studied adults (20-59 years) from national research databases for the period 1991-2013. Were included studies that contained the central question of the study, about how the individual evaluates their health, totaling 92 databases. The variables second groups will be: economics (GDP per capita and Gini coefficient); sociodemographic and economic (age, sex, marital status, work, income, education, urban / rural); and lifestyle variables, access to health services, presence and types of diseases, and physical and/or mental limitations as the information available in each study. We used analysis using mixed models, using STATA 13.0. The databases used are all freely accessible. Results: The frequency of self-rated poor health / very poor ranged from 2.6 per cent in North America to 14.2 per cent in the Middle East and North Africa. The self-rated health was associated with the presence of chronic diseases, and worse in those individuals who possess them. The self-rated health improves with increasing education and income and worsens with increasing age also being worse among women and individuals who are not working. Worsening also the greater the number of physical and/or mental and is better in individuals with healthy lifestyle. The contextual variables explain part of the variance, and its most pronounced effect on women. The self-rated health status was reduced over the years. Conclusion: The self-rated health is determined by several factors, both objective and subjective, proving to be a good parameter for assessing the general health of a population.
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Filion, Emmalie. "On satisfaction with work and finances in the eastern township's : the effects of age and mother tongue on temporal self-assessments." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4438/1/030309193.pdf.
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Ye, Xin. "Model checking self modifying code." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7010.
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Le code auto-modifiant est un code qui modifie ses propres instructions pendant le temps d'exécution. Il est aujourd'hui largement utilisé, notamment dans les logiciels malveillants pour rendre le code difficile à analyser et à été détecté par les anti-virus. Ainsi, l'analyse de tels programmes d'auto-modifiant est un grand défi. Pushdown System(PDSs) est un modèle naturel qui est largement utilisé pour l'analyse des programmes séquentiels car il permet de modéliser précisément les appels de procédures et de simuler la pile du programme. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'étendre le modèle du PDS avec des règles auto-modifiantes. Nous appelons le nouveau modèle Self-Modifying PushDown System (SM- PDS). Un SM-PDS est un PDS qui peut modifier l’ensemble des règles de transitions pendant l'exécution. Tout d'abord, nous montrons comment les SM-PDS peuvent être utilisés pour représenter des programmes auto- et nous fournissons des algorithmes efficaces pour calculer les configurations précédentes et suivantes des SM-PDS accessibles. Ensuite, nous résolvons les problèmes sur la vérification de propriétés LTL et CTL pour le code auto-modifiant. Nous implémentons nos techniques dans un outil appelé SMODIC. Nous avons obtenu des résultats encourageants. En particulier, notre outil est capable de détecter plusieurs logiciels malveillants auto-modifiants ; il peut même détecter plusieurs logiciels malveillants que les autres logiciels anti-virus bien connus comme McAfee, Norman, BitDefender, Kinsoft, Avira, eScan, Kaspersky, Qihoo-360, Avast et Symantec n'ont pas pu détecterA Self modifying code is code that modifies its own instructions during execution time. It is nowadays widely used, especially in malware to make the code hard to analyse and to detect by anti-viruses. Thus, the analysis of such self modifying programs is a big challenge. Pushdown Systems (PDSs) is a natural model that is extensively used for the analysis of sequential programs because it allows to accurately model procedure calls and mimic the program’s stack. In this thesis, we propose to extend the PushDown System model with self-modifying rules. We call the new model Self-Modifying PushDown System (SM-PDS). A SM-PDS is a PDS that can modify its own set of transitions during execution. First, we show how SM-PDSs can be used to naturally represent self-modifying programs and provide efficient algorithms to compute the backward and forward reachable configurations of SM-PDSs. Then, we consider the LTL model-checking problem of self-modifying code. We reduce this problem to the emptiness problem of Self-modifying Büchi Pushdown Systems (SM-BPDSs). We also consider the CTL model-checking problem of self-modifying code. We reduce this problem to the emptiness problem of Self-modifying Alternating Büchi Pushdown Systems (SM-ABPDSs). We implement our techniques in a tool called SMODIC. We obtained encouraging results. In particular, our tool was able to detect several self-modifying malwares; it could even detect several malwares that well-known anti-viruses such as McAfee, Norman, BitDefender, Kinsoft, Avira, eScan, Kaspersky, Qihoo-360, Avast and Symantec failed to detect
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Moutoussis, Michael. "Defensive avoidance in paranoid delusions : experimental and computational approaches." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defensive-avoidance-in-paranoid-delusions-experimental-and-computational-approaches(e36dbfcf-9341-43a0-be41-087f9b22d994).html.
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This abstract summarises the thesis entitled Defensive Avoidance in Paranoid Delusions: Experimental and Computational Approaches, submitted by Michael Moutoussis to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, in 2011.The possible aetiological role of defensive avoidance in paranoia was investigated in this work. First the psychological significance of the Conditioned Avoidance Response (CAR) was reappraised. The CAR activates normal threat-processing mechanisms that may be pathologically over-activated in the anticipation of threats in paranoia. This may apply both to external threats and also to threats to the self-esteem.A temporal-difference computational model of the CAR suggested that a dopamine-independent process may signal that a particular state has led to a worse-than-expected outcome. On the contrary, learning about actions is likely to involve dopamine in signalling both worse-than-expected and better-than-expected outcomes. The psychological mode of action of dopamine blocking drugs may involve dampening (1) the vigour of the avoidance response and (2) the prediction-error signals that drive action learning.Excessive anticipation of negative events might lead to inappropriately perceived high costs of delaying decisions. Efforts to avoid such costs might explain the Jumping-to-Conclusions (JTC) bias found in paranoid patients. Two decision-theoretical models were used to analyse data from the ‘beads-in-a-jar’ task. One model employed an ideal-observer Bayesian approach; a control model made decisions by weighing evidence against a fixed threshold of certainty. We found no support for our ‘high cost’ hypothesis. According to both models the JTC bias was better explained by higher levels of ‘cognitive noise’ (relative to motivation) in paranoid patients. This ‘noise’ appears to limit the ability of paranoid patients to be influenced by cognitively distant possibilities.It was further hypothesised that excessive avoidance of negative aspects of the self may fuel paranoia. This was investigated empirically. Important self-attributes were elicited in paranoid patients and controls. Conscious and non-conscious avoidance were assessed while negative thoughts about the self were presented. Both ‘deserved’ and ‘undeserved’ persecutory beliefs were associated with high avoidance/control strategies in general, but not with increased of avoidance of negative thoughts about the self. On the basis of the present studies the former is therefore considerably more likely than the latter to play an aetiological role in paranoia.This work has introduced novel computational methods, especially useful in the study of ‘hidden’ psychological variables. It supported and deepened some key hypotheses about paranoia and provided consistent evidence against other important aetiological hypotheses. These contributions have substantial implications for research and for some aspects of clinical practice.
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Breman, Anna. "The economics of altruism, paternalism and self-control." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute (EFI), Stockholm School of Economics, 2006. http://www2.hhs.se/EFI/summary/698.htm.
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Werner, Benedikt [Verfasser], Klaus [Gutachter] Rothermund, and Oliver [Gutachter] Kirchkamp. "On the temporal dynamics of implicit self-regulation in the form of evaluative goal shielding / Benedikt Werner ; Gutachter: Klaus Rothermund, Oliver Kirchkamp." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1177613727/34.
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Belz, Steven Mark. "An On-Road Investigation of Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators and Self-Rating of Alertness and Temporal Separation as Indicators of Driver Fatigue." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29589.
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This on-road field investigation employed, for the first time, a completely automated, trigger-based data collection system capable of evaluating driver performance in an extended duration real-world commercial motor vehicle environment. The complexities associated with the development of the system, both technological and logistical and the necessary modifications to the plan of research are presented herein
This study, performed in conjunction with an on-going three year contract with the Federal Highway Administration, examined the use of self-rating of alertness and temporal separation (minimum time-to-collision, minimum headway, and mean headway) as indicators of driver fatigue. Without exception, the regression analyses for both the self-rating of alertness and temporal separation yielded models low in predictive ability; neither metric was found to be a valid indicator of driver fatigue. Various reasons for the failure of self-rating of fatigue as a valid measure are discussed. Dispersion in the data, likely due to extraneous (non-fatigue related) factors (e.g., other drivers) are credited with reducing the sensitivity of the temporal separation indicators.
Overall fatigue levels for all temporal separation incidents (those with a time-to-collision equal to or less than four seconds) were found to be significantly higher than for those randomly triggered incidents. On this basis, it is surmised that temporal separation may be a sensitive indicator for time-to-collision values greater than the 4-second criterion employed in this study.
Two unexpected relationships in the data are also discussed. A "wall" effect was found to exist for minimum time-to-collision values at 1.9 seconds. That is, none of the participants who participated in this research effort exhibited following behaviors with less than a 1.9-second time-to-collision criterion. In addition, based upon the data collected for this research, anecdotal evidence suggests that commercial motor vehicle operators do not appear to follow the standard progression of events associated with the onset of fatigue.Ph. D.
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Ritschel, F., J. A. King, D. Geisler, L. Flohr, F. Neidel, I. Boehm, M. Seidel, et al. "Temporal delay discounting in acutely ill and weight-recovered patients with anorexia nervosa." Cambridge University Press, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A39027.
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Background. Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are characterized by a very low body weight but readily give up immediate rewards (food) for long-term goals (slim figure), which might indicate an unusual level of self-control. This everyday clinical observation may be quantifiable in the framework of the anticipation-discounting dilemma. Method. Using a cross-sectional design, this study compared the capacity to delay reward in 34 patients suffering from acute AN (acAN), 33 weight-recovered AN patients (recAN) and 54 healthy controls. We also used a longitudinal study to reassess 21 acAN patients after short-term weight restoration. A validated intertemporal choice task and a hyperbolic model were used to estimate temporal discounting rates. Results. Confirming the validity of the task used, decreased delay discounting was associated with age and low selfreported impulsivity. However, no group differences in key measures of temporal discounting of monetary rewards were found. Conclusions. Increased cognitive control, which has been suggested as a key characteristic of AN, does not seem to extend the capacity to wait for delayed monetary rewards. Differences between our study and the only previous study reporting decreased delay discounting in adult AN patients may be explained by the different age range and chronicity of acute patients, but the fact that weight recovery was not associated with changes in discount rates suggests that discounting behavior is not a trait marker in AN. Future studies using paradigms with disorder-specific stimuli may help to clarify the role of delay discounting in AN.
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Bougie, Evelyne. "The cultural narrative of francophone and anglophone Quebecers and their perceptions of temporal relative deprivation : links with esteem and well-being." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85888.
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The thesis describes a program of research that investigated the over-riding hypothesis that a clear cultural identity is associated with positive personal and collective self-esteem, and positive personal well-being. The testing of this novel hypothesis required first and foremost that a reliable measure of cultural identity generally, and the clarity of a person's cultural identity in particular, be developed. To meet this goal Study 1 introduced an innovative method in a story-telling form, the "Cultural Narrative". The Cultural Narrative method is built on McAdams' (1996, 2001) Life Story Model for assessing personal identity. In order to verify its generalizability, this novel methodology was applied to two natural cultural groups: Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers. Results showed that for Francophones, a clear cultural narrative was associated with positive personal self-esteem and personal well-being, in support of the hypothesis. Unexpectedly, however, results showed that for Anglophones, a clear cultural narrative was associated with negative collective self-esteem, in complete opposition to the hypothesis. In order to theoretically refine the nature of the relationship between cultural identity clarity and individuals' esteem and well-being, Study 2 explored the historical changes in the relative ingroup status of Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers. Results indicate that when temporal relative deprivation patterns are such that the status of one's ingroup is perceived to be on the rise, cultural identity clarity is associated with positive personal well-being. In contrast, when one's ingroup trajectory is perceived to be on the downturn, cultural identity clarity is associated with a lack of personal well-being.
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Dupont, Geneviève. "Spatio-temporal organization of cytosolic Ca2+ signals: a modelling approach to the molecular mechanisms and physiological implications of Ca2+ oscillations and waves." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210912.
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Rosa, Fernanda Teixeira da. "O processo de tomada de decisão temporal: o efeito do ego depletion e da vitalidade subjetiva." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6479.
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Não existe um processo claro de como as pessoas tomam decisões, além das particularidades no que tange à percepções, julgamentos e representações, a sensação de possuir energia disponível e a ativação de uma informação no momento da escolha pode impactar o processo decisório. Com o objetivo de preencher essa lacuna, o presente estudo buscou verificar se o distanciamento psicológico (temporal) afeta a tomada de decisão, bem como se a vitalidade subjetiva e o ego depletion podem alterar essas respostas. Para comprovar empiricamente esses argumentos, foram realizados três estudos experimentais. O Estudo 1 validou a hipótese de que a informação ativa (autocontrole e indulgência) tem influência nas decisões de um futuro próximo, não acontecendo o mesmo em um futuro distante. O segundo experimento buscou verificar se o modelo do Estudo 1 se altera quando o indivíduo está em um estado de ego depletion, a conclusão foi de que na condição de autocontrole o processo se modifica; quando a pessoa está com a informação ativa de autocontrole e logo após estiver em um estado de baixa energia (ego depletion) as decisões de um futuro próximo serão indulgentes e de um futuro distante as decisões serão controladas, logo, pode-se perceber que no Estudo 2 ocorreu o inverso do Estudo 1. Entretanto, no Estudo 2 não foi possível comprovar que as decisões de um futuro próximo e distante são diferentes quando a informação ativa é de indulgência. Por fim, no Estudo 3, os resultados encontrados demonstram que quando a informação ativa for de autocontrole ela irá se potencializar no futuro próximo, concluindo-se que quando a informação ativa for de autocontrole e após de vitalidade subjetiva as decisões de um futuro próximo serão mais conservadoras e de um futuro distante mais indulgentes, de maneira significativa.
There is no clear process to know how people take decisions despite the particularities regarding perceptions, judgments and representations, the sensation of having available energy and the information activation when choosing something can impact the decision process. Aiming to fulfill this gap, the present study sought to verify if the psychological distance (temporal) affects the decision making as if the subjective vitality and the ego depletion can modify those answers. It was made three experimental studies to empirically prove the arguments. The study number 1 confirmed the hypothesis that the active information (self-control and indulgence) has influence in a near future decisions but not happening the same in a distant future. The second experiment sought to check if the model of study 1 modifies when the person is in an ego depletion moment, being concluded that the process modifies when in the self-control condition. When the individual is with active information of self-control and if in the sequence falls in a state of low energy (ego depletion), the decisions in a near future will be indulgent while those of a distant future will be controlled, it can be perceived that the study number 2 demonstrated the opposite of what happened in the study number 1. Nevertheless in the study number 2 it was not possible to prove that the decisions of a near and a distant future are different when the active information is of indulgence. Finally, in the study number 3, the achieved results showed that when the active information is of self-control, it is going to be maximized in a near future, concluding that when the active information is of self-control and later of subjective vitality the near future decisions will be more conservative and of a distant future more indulgent in a significant way.
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Hoffman, Megan L. "A Comparative Assessment of How Rhesus Monkeys and 3- to 4-year-old Children Remember Self-Agency with Spatial, Temporal, and Contextual Features in Working Memory." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/115.
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Comparative research on event memory has typically focused on the binding of spatial and temporal information in memory, but much less is known about how animals remember information about the source of their memories (i.e., whether the event is something they performed themselves or whether they observed it). The purpose of the present study was to examine how rhesus monkeys (n = 8) and 3- to 4- year-old children (n = 20) remember this information along with other relevant event features (object identity, spatial location, temporal properties and contextual features) in working memory. In Experiment 1, rhesus monkeys completed five different delayed matching-to-sample tasks to assess independent encoding of these five event components. In Experiment 2, the monkeys either performed or observed an event and then had to respond to a randomly selected pair of memory tests used in the previous experiment. In Experiment 3, children were presented with the same memory task, but were given a brief demonstration to learn how to perform the task. Both children and monkeys responded to these tests using photos and shapes (for the identity and spatial tests) and icons (for the temporal, agency and context tests). The monkeys demonstrated significantly above-chance performance on the identity, spatial, temporal and agency tasks. The children were above chance on the one component the monkeys had difficulty with (context), but conversely demonstrated difficulty on the temporal memory test. There was evidence of feature integration in both monkeys and children. Specifically, the children were significantly more likely to respond correctly to the second memory test if they had also been correct on the first memory test. Two of five rhesus monkeys also showed this effect, indicating that for these individuals, the features were integrated in working memory. Implications of this research are discussed in relation to self-awareness and episodic memory research in children and nonhuman species.
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Bastos, Eduardo Nunes Ferreira. "Uma Rede Neural Auto-Organizável Construtiva para Aprendizado Perpétuo de Padrões Espaço-Temporais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12662.
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O presente trabalho propõe um novo modelo de rede neural artificial voltado a aplicações robóticas, em especial a tarefas de natureza espaço-temporal e de horizonte infinito. Este modelo apresenta três características que o tornam único e que foram tomadas como guia para a sua concepção: auto-organização, representação temporal e aprendizado construtivo. O algoritmo de aprendizagem auto-organizada incorpora todos os mecanismos que são básicos para a auto-organização: competição global, cooperação local e auto-amplificação seletiva. A rede neural é suprida com propriedades dinâmicas através de uma memória de curto prazo. A memória de curto prazo é inserida na estrutura da rede por meio de integradores e diferenciadores, os quais são implementados na camada de entrada da rede. Nesta abordagem existe uma evidente separação de papéis: a rede é responsável pela não-linearidade e a memória é responsável pelo tempo. A construção automática da arquitetura da rede neural é realizada de acordo com uma unidade de habituação. A unidade de habituação regula o crescimento e a poda de neurônios. O procedimento de inclusão, adaptação e remoção de conexões sinápticas é realizado conforme o método de aprendizado hebbiano competitivo. Em muitos problemas práticos, como os existentes na área da robótica, a auto-organização, a representação temporal e o aprendizado construtivo são fatores imprescindíveis para o sucesso da tarefa. A grande dificuldade e, ao mesmo tempo, a principal contribuição deste trabalho consiste em integrar tais tecnologias em uma arquitetura de rede neural artificial de maneira eficiente. Estudos de caso foram elaborados para validar e, principalmente, determinar as potencialidades e as limitações do modelo neural proposto. Os cenários abrangeram tarefas simples de classificação de padrões e segmentação temporal. Os resultados preliminares obtidos demonstraram a eficiência do modelo neural proposto frente às arquiteturas conexionistas existentes e foram considerados bastante satisfatórios com relação aos parâmetros avaliados. No texto são apresentados, também, alguns aspectos teóricos das ciências cognitivas, os fundamentos de redes neurais artificiais, o detalhamento de uma ferramenta de simulação robótica, conclusões, limitações e possíveis trabalhos futuros.The present work proposes a new artificial neural network model suitable for robotic applications, in special to spatiotemporal tasks and infinite horizon tasks. This model has three characteristics which make it unique and are taken as means to guide its conception: self-organization, temporal representation and constructive learning. The algorithm of self-organizing learning incorporates all the mechanisms that are basic to the self-organization: global competition, local cooperation and selective self-amplification. The neural network is supplied with dynamic properties through a short-term memory. The short-term memory is added in the network structure by means of integrators and differentiators, which are implemented in the input layer of the network. In this approach exists an evident separation of roles: the network is responsible for the non-linearity and the memory is responsible for the time. The automatic construction of the neural network architecture is carried out taking into account habituation units. The habituation unit regulates the growing and the pruning of neurons. The procedure of inclusion, adaptation and removal of synaptic connections is carried out in accordance with competitive hebbian learning technique. In many practical problems, as the ones in the robotic area, self-organization, temporal representation and constructive learning are essential factors to the success of the task. The great difficulty and, at the same time, the main contribution of this work consists in the integration of these technologies in a neural network architecture in an efficient way. Some case studies have been elaborated to validate and, mainly, to determine the potentialities and the limitations of the proposed neural model. The experiments comprised simple tasks of pattern classification and temporal segmentation. Preliminary results have shown the good efficiency of the neural model compared to existing connectionist architectures and they have been considered sufficiently satisfactory with regard to the evaluated parameters. This text also presents some theoretical aspects of the cognitive science area, the fundamentals of artificial neural networks, the details of a robotic simulation tool, the conclusions, limitations and possible future works.
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Balliet, Daniel P. "A matter of time : does the impact of social value orientation and self-efficacy on contributions to public goods depend on the temporal framing of the dilemma?" Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2007/d_balliet_042507.pdf.
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O'Sullivan, Timothy. "Irish Institutes of Technology in a time of change : a small-scale exploratory qualitative study examining the self-censorship of pro-organisational employee voice in a temporal context." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19001/.
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Upward communication of employee voice concerning suggestions and ideas is essential for success and learning within contemporary organisations. Research has identified that implicit responses by employees stifle voice, including pro-organisational change ideas, resulting in the loss of valuable organisational knowledge. The post-2008 Irish recession created an unprecedented period of change in the Irish higher education system. A document commonly known as the “Hunt Report” was introduced as the blueprint for proposed policy changes. This and subsequent policy documents in 2011/12 proposed substantial reform, requesting lecturers in Irish Institutes of Technology (IOTs) to engage in dialogue within their institutions and suggest how to consolidate the sector in a time-bound manner. This thesis examines the extent to which the self-censorship of pro-organisational voice by IOT lecturers is a consequence of current lived experiences and context. This small-scale exploratory qualitative study interviewed eight lecturers in IOTs during the consultation phase utilising a semi-structured interview process. Data was analysed utilising a thematic analysis approach. It employed implicit voice theories (IVTs) as a conceptual framework and a time and context sensitive lens of enquiry designed to enhance understanding. Lecturers reported cautiousness and silence due to underlying perceptions of negative consequences relating to voicing. This outcome is broadly predicted by IVT, yet notably an anomaly concerning voice pertaining to student welfare is highlighted. Lecturer discourse emphasises a deficiency in trust between themselves and management in addition to reporting feelings of despondency, fear and distance from the change process. Findings reflect challenges for organisational learning, change transition and development in the IOT sector and recommend the reinforcement of mutual trust-building initiatives amongst lecturers and management. These research findings contribute contemporary insights and understanding concerning latent voice and silence in Irish IOT settings and provide enhanced knowledge and awareness to those wishing to bring about practitioner-informed change.
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Carson, Jennifer Elaine. "Shiver." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1403.
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Dissipating through growth; Solving within illusion; Resilience in vulnerability. Through enveloping strands of tenuous connections, translucent flesh-like layers, and subtle movement through touch, my thesis installation entitled "Shiver" makes reference to the Sublime as it asks the infinite question; What is my primordial self?
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De, Beer Christina Elizabeth. "Die ontwikkeling van 'n riglyn vir opvoerders vir die bewusmaking van simptome van temporale-en frontalelob-epilepsie by die laerskoolleerder (Afrikaans)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28952.
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The Whole thesis is in Afrikaans: Epilepsy is a phenomenon that can manifest in a variety of ways, which differ mainly in severity, appearance, aetiology, effect and control thereof. In this study a lack of knowledge and education about epilepsy is pointed out as a factor that was neglected over the years. It is of utmost importance to distinguish between three main categories of epilepsy as all three types have a restraining effect that may leave any learner vulnerable. The popular belief about the concept epilepsy until recently did not recognize the type of epilepsy where a disturbance in consciousness or relapse in consciousness only occurred as in the case with elementary partial attacks (temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy). Ignorance about temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy, as well as the fact that the physical symptoms of this type of epilepsy are very subtle in nature, may be the cause why acceptance of this condition has been slow or undervalued. In reality learners with lobe epilepsy are not regarded as disabled and should such a learner not be diagnosed and not receive the correct treatment, he/she will not be able to function optimally. The researcher has made a study of epilepsy as well as the physical, cognitive, emotional, social, self image impact on the learner in family and school context. The impact of epilepsy on the primary school learner was studied from a gestalt point of view. In this study the researcher employed both a quantitative and qualitative research approach. It was therefore fitting to formulate a research question and a hypothesis. The research question formulated for this study is as follows: What is the knowledge basis of teachers regarding learners with lobe epilepsy? The empirical study indicated that the researcher could provide an answer to the research question by way of semi-structured interviews that indicated that the knowledge basis of the teachers was not sufficient to identify learners with this phenomena. The researcher determined through these interviews that teachers experienced a need to extend their knowledge about temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy. The hypothesis formulated for this study is as follows: Should information and clear guidelines regarding the identification of a learner with lobe epilepsy be offered to teachers, the learner with lobe epilepsy would be identified timeously in the school system. The researcher did a pre-test on the knowledge levels on lobe epilepsy among teachers by way of questionnaires. The pre-test was followed by a structured information session after which an after-test was done by way of questionnaires to determine the change in the teachers’ knowledge basis. The empirical study showed that the teachers’ knowledge basis increased due to the information session offered to them. After this study the teachers could identify learners and refer them for diagnosis and treatment as a result of an increased knowledge basis about this phenomena. The study was followed up by guidelines offered to the teachers on identifying the primary school learner with temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy.Thesis (DPhil (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted
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Sy, Mouhamadou. "Etude par microscopie optique des comportements spatio-temporels thermo- et photo-induits et de l’auto-organisation dans les monocristaux à transition de spin." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV032/document.
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Ce travail de thèse est dédié à la visualisation par microscopie optique des transitions de phases, thermo- et photo-induites dans des monocristaux à transition de spin. L’étude des cristaux du composé [{Fe(NCSe)(py)2}2(m-bpypz)] a permis de montrer la possibilité de contrôler la dynamique de l’interface HS/BS (haut spin/bas spin) par une irradiation lumineuse appliquée sur toute la surface du cristal ou de manière localisée. Les investigations expérimentales menées sur l’effet de l’intensité de la lumière sur la température de transition ont mis en évidence d’une part l’importance du couplage entre le cristal et le bain thermique, et d’autre part le rôle de la diffusion de la chaleur dans le monocristal. En parallèle, un modèle basé sur une description de type Ginzburg-Landau, a permis de mettre sur pied une description de type réaction diffusion des effets spatio-temporels accompagnant la transition de spin dans un monocristal. Celui-ci a permis d’identifier et de comprendre le rôle des paramètres pertinents entrant en jeu dans le contrôle du mouvement de l’interface HS/BS. Les résultats obtenus sont très encourageants et reproduisent avec une grande fidélité les données expérimentales. Cependant l’origine de l’orientation de l’interface HS/BS observée par microscopie optique dans les cristaux du composé [{Fe(NCSe)(py)2}2(m-bpypz)] était restée mystérieuse. Pour résoudre cette question, nous avons développé un modèle électro-élastique qui tient compte du changement de volume au cours de la transition de spin. Ce dernier nous a conduits à analyser l’effet de la symétrie du réseau cristallin et de la forme du cristal sur l’orientation de l’interface élastique. En l’appliquant au composé [{Fe(NCSe)(py)2}2(m-bpypz)], en tenant compte du caractère anisotrope du changement de la maille élémentaire lors du passage HSBS, nous avons réussi à retrouver quantitativement l’orientation du front observée expérimentalement en microscopie optique. Ceci confirme bien le rôle primordial de l’élasticité dans le comportement des matériaux à transition de spin. Des études sous lumière à très basse température nous ont donné la possibilité de suivre en temps réel, l’effet LIESST (Light Induced Excited Spin State Trapping), la re-laxation coopérative du cristal ainsi que l’instabilité photo-induite LITH (Light Induced Thermal Hysteresis). Un monde fascinant est apparu autour de cette dernière, avec la présence de comportements totalement inédits. Ainsi, et pour la première fois, nous avons mis en évidence l’existence de phénomènes d’auto-organisation et de comportements autocatalytiques du front de transition. Cette physique non-linéaire dénote un comportement actif du cristal, par suite d’une subtile préparation autour d’un état instable. Ces comportements rappellent les structures dissipatives de Turing et ouvrent des perspectives fascinantes pour cette thématique, tant sur le plan expérimental que théoriqueThis thesis work is devoted to visualization by optical microscopy of thermo- and photo-induced phase transitions, in switchable spin transition single crystals. The study of crystals of the compound [{Fe (NCSe) (py) 2} 2 (m-bpypz)] showed the possibility to control reversibly the dynamics of the HS/LS interface through a photo-thermal effect generated by an irradiation of the whole crystal or using a spatially localized light spot on the crystal surface. The investigations of the effect of the light intensity on the transition temperature have highlighted the importance of the coupling between the crystal and the thermal bath in these experiments. Concomitantly, we developped a reaction diffusion model allowing to describe and iden-tify the relevant physical parameters involved in the control of the movement of HS/LS interface. The obtained results are very encouraging and reproduce the main features of the experimental data. However the origin of the interface orientation observed by the optical microscopy in the crystal of the compound [{Fe (NCSe) (py) 2} 2 (m-bpypz)] re-mained mysterious, and needed an elastic approach to be handled. At this end, an electro-elastic model including the volume change at the spin transition was developed. By taking into account for the anisotropy of the unit cell deformation at the transition, we were able to reproduce quantitatively the experimental HS/LS interface orientation. This result confirms the crucial role of the lattice symmetry and its elastic properties in the emergence of a stable interface orientation. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the investigation of photo-induced effects at very low temperatures (~10K). There, we visualized for the first time the real time transformation of a single crystal under LIESST (Light Induced Excited Spin State Trapping) effect as well as its subsequent relaxation at higher temperatures. We have also studied the light induced instabilities through investigation on the LITH (Light Induced Thermal Hysteresis) loops. Around the latter, a fascinating world made of nonlinear effects, and patterns formation emerged, recalled the well known Turing structures. These results lead to new horizons that will give access to new theories and original experimental observations that will enrich the topics opening the new avenues to study of nonlinear phenomena in spin crossover solids