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Rula, Anisa, Matteo Palmonari, Simone Rubinacci, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, Jens Lehmann, Andrea Maurino, and Diego Esteves. "TISCO: Temporal scoping of facts." Journal of Web Semantics 54 (January 2019): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2018.09.002.
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Macias, David, Seth S. Jeong, Joshua M. Van Swol, Jeremy D. Moore, Emily A. Brennan, Mallory Raymond, Shaun A. Nguyen, and Habib G. Rizk. "Trends and Outcomes of Fungal Temporal Bone Osteomyelitis: A Scoping Review." Otology & Neurotology 43, no. 10 (December 2022): 1095–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0000000000003714.
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Sanders, Philip, Benjamin Thompson, Paul Corballis, and Grant Searchfield. "On the Timing of Signals in Multisensory Integration and Crossmodal Interactions: a Scoping Review." Multisensory Research 32, no. 6 (2019): 533–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20191331.
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Abstract A scoping review was undertaken to explore research investigating early interactions and integration of auditory and visual stimuli in the human brain. The focus was on methods used to study low-level multisensory temporal processing using simple stimuli in humans, and how this research has informed our understanding of multisensory perception. The study of multisensory temporal processing probes how the relative timing between signals affects perception. Several tasks, illusions, computational models, and neuroimaging techniques were identified in the literature search. Research into early audiovisual temporal processing in special populations was also reviewed. Recent research has continued to provide support for early integration of crossmodal information. These early interactions can influence higher-level factors, and vice versa. Temporal relationships between auditory and visual stimuli influence multisensory perception, and likely play a substantial role in solving the ‘correspondence problem’ (how the brain determines which sensory signals belong together, and which should be segregated).
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Sattin, Davide, Francesca Giulia Magnani, Laura Bartesaghi, Milena Caputo, Andrea Veronica Fittipaldo, Martina Cacciatore, Mario Picozzi, and Matilde Leonardi. "Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050535.
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The amount of knowledge on human consciousness has created a multitude of viewpoints and it is difficult to compare and synthesize all the recent scientific perspectives. Indeed, there are many definitions of consciousness and multiple approaches to study the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). Therefore, the main aim of this article is to collect data on the various theories of consciousness published between 2007–2017 and to synthesize them to provide a general overview of this topic. To describe each theory, we developed a thematic grid called the dimensional model, which qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes how each article, related to one specific theory, debates/analyzes a specific issue. Among the 1130 articles assessed, 85 full texts were included in the prefinal step. Finally, this scoping review analyzed 68 articles that described 29 theories of consciousness. We found heterogeneous perspectives in the theories analyzed. Those with the highest grade of variability are as follows: subjectivity, NCC, and the consciousness/cognitive function. Among sub-cortical structures, thalamus, basal ganglia, and the hippocampus were the most indicated, whereas the cingulate, prefrontal, and temporal areas were the most reported for cortical ones also including the thalamo-cortical system. Moreover, we found several definitions of consciousness and 21 new sub-classifications.
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Fonseca, Deborah Franscielle da, Patrícia Peres de Oliveira, Natália Bahia de Camargos, Viviane Euzébia Pereira Santos, Thalyta Cristina Mansano Schlosser, Andrea Bezerra Rodrigues, and Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira. "Segurança do paciente em teleterapia: scoping review." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2022): e56211326935. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26935.
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Objetivo: Identificar e sintetizar as evidências científicas da segurança do paciente oncológico no tratamento por teleterapia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma scoping review, segundo Joanna Briggs Institute e PRISMA-ScR. Pesquisa realizada de outubro de 2021 a janeiro de 2022, nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Embase, Cochrane Library e em oito catálogos de teses e dissertações, sem aplicação de limite temporal. Resultados: Sessenta e sete estudos foram selecionados para esta revisão, 85,08% são do tipo descritivo e a maioria (53,73%) foi conduzido nos Estados Unidos da América, em geral os estudos foram produzidos por grupos multiprofissionais em saúde. As evidências encontradas recomendam o uso das seguintes medidas para prevenir e reduzir a ocorrência de incidentes tratamento por teleterapia: implementar programas de gerenciamento de riscos e processos; promover o fluxo de trabalho seguro; usar sistemas de notificação voluntária de incidentes e aprendizagem com incidentes e promover a cultura de segurança do paciente. Considerações finais: A segurança do paciente em tratamento por teleterapia ocorre quando há o gerenciamento de riscos e processos e a promoção da cultura de segurança, baseados em evidências e praticados por meio de esforços institucionais e multiprofissionais.
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Eberl, Erica, Alice Shimin Li, Zi Yin Joanne Zheng, Judy Cunningham, and Anna Rangan. "Temporal Change in Iron Content of Vegetables and Legumes in Australia: A Scoping Review." Foods 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11010056.
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Studies in UK and US have reported a temporal decline in the iron content of plant-based foods. Limited research on this topic has been conducted in Australia. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive evaluation on the temporal change in iron content of Australian vegetables and legumes from 1900 onward. A systematic search of electronic databases, websites, backward reference searching, and Australian food composition tables was conducted. A total of 34 articles and six versions of Australian food composition databases published between 1930s to 2021, were included in this review. Overall, iron content of vegetables and legumes were assessed at limited time points and geographical origin, cultivars, sampling and analytical techniques varied across studies. The majority of vegetables had similar iron content between two or more timepoints but decreases of 30–50% were noted for sweet corn, red-skinned potatoes, cauliflower and green beans while increases of 150–300% were seen for Hass avocadoes, mushrooms and silverbeet. More pronounced reductions in iron content were observed for legumes, with higher and more variable values reported pre-2000 compared to recent years. Due to limited data and variations in sampling and analytical techniques, no definitive conclusions could be established. As plant-based diets are becoming more popular, consistent monitoring of the nutrient composition of staple plant-based foods is strongly recommended.
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Levesque, Jasmine N., Ajay Shah, Seper Ekhtiari, James R. Yan, Patrick Thornley, and Dale S. Williams. "Three-dimensional printing in orthopaedic surgery: a scoping review." EFORT Open Reviews 5, no. 7 (July 2020): 430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.5.190024.
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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has become more frequently used in surgical specialties in recent years. These uses include pre-operative planning, patient-specific instrumentation (PSI), and patient-specific implant production. The purpose of this review was to understand the current uses of 3DP in orthopaedic surgery, the geographical and temporal trends of its use, and its impact on peri-operative outcomes One-hundred and eight studies (N = 2328) were included, published between 2012 and 2018, with over half based in China. The most commonly used material was titanium. Three-dimensional printing was most commonly reported in trauma (N = 41) and oncology (N = 22). Pre-operative planning was the most common use of 3DP (N = 63), followed by final implants (N = 32) and PSI (N = 22). Take-home message: Overall, 3DP is becoming more common in orthopaedic surgery, with wide range of uses, particularly in complex cases. 3DP may also confer some important peri-operative benefits. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:430-441. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190024
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Jonkmans, Nils, Valérie D’Acremont, and Antoine Flahault. "Scoping future outbreaks: a scoping review on the outbreak prediction of the WHO Blueprint list of priority diseases." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 9 (September 2021): e006623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006623.
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BackgroundThe WHO’s Research and Development Blueprint priority list designates emerging diseases with the potential to generate public health emergencies for which insufficient preventive solutions exist. The list aims to reduce the time to the availability of resources that can avert public health crises. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic illustrates that an effective method of mitigating such crises is the pre-emptive prediction of outbreaks. This scoping review thus aimed to map and identify the evidence available to predict future outbreaks of the Blueprint diseases.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science related to the evidence predicting future outbreaks of Ebola and Marburg virus, Zika virus, Lassa fever, Nipah and Henipaviral disease, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Disease X. Prediction methods, outbreak features predicted and implementation of predictions were evaluated. We conducted a narrative and quantitative evidence synthesis to highlight prediction methods that could be further investigated for the prevention of Blueprint diseases and COVID-19 outbreaks.ResultsOut of 3959 articles identified, we included 58 articles based on inclusion criteria. 5 major prediction methods emerged; the most frequent being spatio-temporal risk maps predicting outbreak risk periods and locations through vector and climate data. Stochastic models were predominant. Rift Valley fever was the most predicted disease. Diseases with complex sociocultural factors such as Ebola were often predicted through multifactorial risk-based estimations. 10% of models were implemented by health authorities. No article predicted Disease X outbreaks.ConclusionsSpatiotemporal models for diseases with strong climatic and vectorial components, as in River Valley fever prediction, may currently best reduce the time to the availability of resources. A wide literature gap exists in the prediction of zoonoses with complex sociocultural and ecological dynamics such as Ebola, COVID-19 and especially Disease X.
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Barahmand, Zahir, and Marianne S. Eikeland. "Life Cycle Assessment under Uncertainty: A Scoping Review." World 3, no. 3 (September 8, 2022): 692–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world3030039.
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Today, life cycle assessment (LCA) is the most widely used approach to model and calculate the environmental impacts of products and processes. The results of LCAs are often said to be deterministic, even though the real-life applications are uncertain and vague. The uncertainty, which may be simply ignored, is one of the key factors influencing the reliability of LCA outcomes. Numerous sources of uncertainty in LCA are classified in various ways, such as parameter and model uncertainty, choices, spatial variability, temporal variability, variability between sources and objects, etc. Through a scoping review, the present study aims to identify and assess the frequency with which LCA studies reflect the uncertainty and what are the tools to cope with the uncertainty to map the knowledge gaps in the field to reveal the challenges and opportunities to have a robust LCA model. It is also investigated which database, methodology, software, etc., have been used in the life cycle assessment process. The results indicate that the most significant sources of uncertainty were in the model and process parameters, data variability, and the use of different methodologies and databases. The probabilistic approach or stochastic modeling, using numerical methods such as Monte Carlo simulation, was the dominating tool to cope with the uncertainty. There were four dominant LCA methodologies: CML, ReCiPe, IMPACT 2002+, and TRACI. The most commonly used LCA software and databases were SimaPro® and Ecoinvent®, respectively.
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Pires Magalhães, Rita, Sara Rodrigues Barbeiro, Vanessa Taveira, Bruno Magalhães, and Gustavo Ferreira. "JOGOS USADOS NA REABILITAÇÃO APÓS ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL: SCOPING REVIEW." Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação 3, no. 1 (September 16, 2020): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33194/rper.2020.v3.n1.4.5740.
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Objetivos: explorar o estado atual do conhecimento científico relacionado com a utilização de jogos na reabilitação do indivíduo após Acidente Vascular Cerebral, para mapear os jogos e identificar as áreas de função reabilitadas. Método: revisão do tipo Scoping, com base no modelo do Joanna Briggs Institute. Realizada busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE®, CINAHL® e SPORTDiscus®. Foram considerados todos os tipos de estudos científicos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português, sem limite temporal. Resultados: Nos 116 artigos considerados para análise identificaram-se três grandes agrupamentos de jogos: Realidade Virtual imersiva/não imersiva, videojogos e Jogos Tradicionais, que se associaram à reabilitação das funções motora, propriocetiva, cognitiva e cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão: A utilização de jogos na reabilitação cresceu ao longo dos últimos anos. Os jogos induzem maior interatividade no treino intensivo e repetitivo, acrescentando mais motivação e adesão aos processos de reabilitação, podendo ser um importante recurso terapêutico. Descritores: AVC; Jogos; Reabilitação
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Hobbs, Sarah Jane, Lindsay St George, Janet Reed, Rachel Stockley, Clare Thetford, Jonathan Sinclair, Jane Williams, Kathryn Nankervis, and Hilary M. Clayton. "A scoping review of determinants of performance in dressage." PeerJ 8 (April 24, 2020): e9022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9022.
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As a first step in achieving an evidence-based classification system for the sport of Para Dressage, there is a clear need to define elite dressage performance. Previous studies have attempted to quantify performance with able-bodied riders using scientific methods; however, definitive measures have yet to be established for the horse and/or the rider. This may be, in part, due to the variety of movements and gaits that are found within a dressage test and also due to the complexity of the horse-rider partnership. The aim of this review is therefore to identify objective measurements of horse performance in dressage and the functional abilities of the rider that may influence them to achieve higher scores. Five databases (SportDiscuss, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, VetMed) were systematically searched from 1980 to May 2018. Studies were included if they fulfilled the following criteria: (1) English language; (2) employ objective, quantitative outcome measures for describing equine and human performance in dressage; (3) describe objective measures of superior horse performance using between-subject comparisons and/or relating outcome measures to competitive scoring methods; (4) describe demands of dressage using objective physiological and/or biomechanical measures from human athletes and/or how these demands are translated into superior performance. In total, 773 articles were identified. Title and abstract screening resulted in 155 articles that met the eligibility criteria, 97 were excluded during the full screening of articles, leaving 58 included articles (14 horse, 44 rider) involving 311 equine and 584 able-bodied human participants. Mean ± sd (%) quality scores were 63.5 ± 15.3 and 72.7 ± 14.7 for the equine and human articles respectively. Significant objective measures of horse performance (n = 12 articles) were grouped into themes and separated by gait/movement. A range of temporal variables that indicated superior performance were found in all gaits/movements. For the rider, n = 5 articles reported variables that identified significant differences in skill level, which included the postural position and ROM of the rider’s pelvis, trunk, knee and head. The timing of rider pelvic and trunk motion in relation to the movement of the horse emerged as an important indicator of rider influence. As temporal variables in the horse are consistently linked to superior performance it could be surmised that better overall dressage performance requires minimal disruption from the rider whilst the horse maintains a specific gait/movement. Achieving the gait/movement in the first place depends upon the intrinsic characteristics of the horse, the level of training achieved and the ability of the rider to apply the correct aid. The information from this model will be used to develop an empirical study to test the relative strength of association between impairment and performance in able-bodied and Para Dressage riders.
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Xu, Yonghui, Shengjie Sun, Huiguo Zhang, Chang’an Yi, Yuan Miao, Dong Yang, Xiaonan Meng, et al. "Time-Aware Graph Embedding: A Temporal Smoothness and Task-Oriented Approach." ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 16, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3480243.
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Knowledge graph embedding, which aims at learning the low-dimensional representations of entities and relationships, has attracted considerable research efforts recently. However, most knowledge graph embedding methods focus on the structural relationships in fixed triples while ignoring the temporal information. Currently, existing time-aware graph embedding methods only focus on the factual plausibility, while ignoring the temporal smoothness, which models the interactions between a fact and its contexts, and thus can capture fine-granularity temporal relationships. This leads to the limited performance of embedding related applications. To solve this problem, this article presents a Robustly Time-aware Graph Embedding (RTGE) method by incorporating temporal smoothness. Two major innovations of our article are presented here. At first, RTGE integrates a measure of temporal smoothness in the learning process of the time-aware graph embedding. Via the proposed additional smoothing factor, RTGE can preserve both structural information and evolutionary patterns of a given graph. Secondly, RTGE provides a general task-oriented negative sampling strategy associated with temporally aware information, which further improves the adaptive ability of the proposed algorithm and plays an essential role in obtaining superior performance in various tasks. Extensive experiments conducted on multiple benchmark tasks show that RTGE can increase performance in entity/relationship/temporal scoping prediction tasks.
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Odhiambo, Julius Nyerere, and Benn Sartorius. "Spatio - temporal modelling assessing the burden of malaria in affected low and middle-income countries: a scoping review." BMJ Open 8, no. 9 (September 2018): e023071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023071.
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IntroductionSpatio - temporal modelling of malaria has proven to be a valuable tool for forecasting as well as control and elimination activities. This has been triggered by an increasing availability of spatially indexed data, enabling not only the characterisation of malaria at macrospatial and microspatial levels but also the development of geospatial techniques and tools that enable health policy planners to use these available data more effectively. However, there has been little synthesis regarding the variety of spatio - temporal approaches employed, covariates employed and ‘best practice’ type recommendations to guide future modelling decisions. This review will seek to summarise available evidence on the current state of spatio - temporal modelling approaches that have been employed in malaria modelling in low and middle-income countries within malaria transmission limits, so as to guide future modelling decisions.Methods and analysisA comprehensive search for articles published from January 1968 to April 2018 will be conducted using of the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, JSTOR, Cochrane CENTRAL via Wiley, Academic Search Complete via EBSCOhost, MasterFILE Premier via EBSCOhost, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, MEDLINE via EBSCOhost and Google Scholar. Relevant grey literature sources such as unpublished reports, conference proceedings and dissertations will also be incorporated in the search. Two reviewers will independently conduct the title screening, abstract screening and, thereafter, a full-text review of all potentially eligible articles. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines will be used as the standard reporting format. A qualitative thematic analysis will be used to group and evaluate selected studies around their aim, spatio - temporal methodology employed, covariates used and model validation techniques.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not applicable to this study. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal and presented in conferences related to malaria and spatial epidemiology.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017076427.
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Preeti, Preeti, and Ataur Rahman. "Application of GIS in Rainwater Harvesting Research: A Scoping Review." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 18, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw210040.
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The spatial and temporal variability of quantity and quality of water are important aspects of water resources management. Water demand has been increasing across the globe, but the fresh water supply is limited. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems are increasingly being embraced as an alternative freshwater source. This study reviews the dynamics of global research on RWH that utilises geographic information systems (GIS). It is found that the interest and use of RWH utilising GIS have increased over the recent years. However, the full potential of GIS in large scale RWH is yet to be untapped. We make recommendations for future research on RWH based on GIS. This includes new software and model development that links RWH with GIS to plan and design large scale RWH and automated building footprint extraction for estimating RWH potential. GIS can play a bigger role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by incorporating GIS with RWH since GIS can handle large spatial data efficiently, which can help in locating areas that are suitable for rainwater harvesting.
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Gonçalves, Daniel Buzaglo, Maria Izabel Andrade dos Santos, Lucas de Cristo Rojas Cabral, Louise Makarem Oliveira, Gabriela Campos da Silva Coutinho, Bruna Guimarães Dutra, Rodrigo Viana Martins, Franklin Reis, Wellingson Silva Paiva, and Robson Luis Oliveira de Amorim. "Esthetics outcomes in patients submitted to pterional craniotomy and its variants: A scoping review." Surgical Neurology International 12 (September 13, 2021): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_485_2021.
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Background: Highly performed nowadays, the pterional craniotomy (PC) has several widespread variants. However, these procedures are associated with complications such as temporalis muscle atrophy, facial nerve frontal branch damage, and masticatory difficulties. The postoperative cranial aesthetic is, nonetheless, the main setback according to patients. This review aims to map different pterional approaches focusing on final aesthetics. Methods: This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Studies were classified through the Oxford method. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from January 1969 to February 2021 for cohorts and randomized clinical trials that met our inclusion criteria. Results: 1484 articles were initially retrieved from the databases. 1328 articles did not fit the inclusion criteria. 118 duplicates were found. 38 studies were found eligible for the established criteria. 27 (71.05%) were retrospective cohorts, with low evidence level. Only 5 (13.15%) clinical trials were found eligible to the criteria. The majority of the studies (36/38) had the 2B OXFORD evidence level. A limited number of studies addressed cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. The temporal muscle atrophy or temporal hollowing seems to be the patient’s main complaint. Only 17 (44.73%) studies addressed patient satisfaction regarding the aesthetics, and only 10 (26.31%) of the studies reported the cosmetic outcome as a primary outcome. Nevertheless, minimally invasive approaches appear to overcome most cosmetic complaints and should be performed whenever possible. Conclusion: There are several variants of the classic PC. The esthetic outcomes are poorly evaluated. The majority of the studies were low evidence articles.
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Xavier, Marlon, and Julio Meneses. "A Literature Review on the Definitions of Dropout in Online Higher Education." EDEN Conference Proceedings, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.38069/edenconf-2020-ac0004.
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Online higher education continues to grow, yet its high dropout rates remain a pressing and complex problem. However, there are many different definitions of dropout (and related concepts: attrition, persistence, and retention) in the literature, usually related to a temporal conception, and the issue is controversial. Inconsistent terminology is problematic because the ways dropout is defined determine how it is measured, tackled, and researched. This contribution seeks to remedy such issue by summarizing a scoping review of the recent literature on the theme, focusing on the key issue of online higher education students’ dropout conceptualization and definition. A scoping review between 2014 and 2018 yielded 138 articles and dissertations. Findings reveal a complex yet disorganized field, lacking standard definitions. Some concepts (e.g. completion) were defined clearly more often, while others (e.g. attrition and dropout) varied wildly; few papers employed previous definitions from the body of literature. Future research should strive to achieve greater consistency in terminology, so as to compare findings and produce reliable knowledge for intervention in online higher education institutions.
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Lima, Francisca Suzana Ricarte de, Ilvana Lima Verde Gomes, Samuel Miranda Mattos, and Thiago Santos Garces. "Evidências científicas sobre a identificação precoce do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em crianças na Atenção Primária à Saúde: protocolo de revisão de escopo." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 11 (September 2, 2022): e550111133980. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33980.
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Objetivo: Mapear as evidências científicas existentes sobre a identificação precoce do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em crianças na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método de Revisão: Protocolo de Scoping Review segundo o método do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), atenderá ao Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). Serão considerados materiais bibliográficos publicados e não publicados, conforme os seguintes critérios de inclusão: relatar sobre a identificação precoce do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (conceito) em crianças (população) na Atenção Primária (contexto). Utilizar-se-á estratégia de busca detalhada para as bases e/ou bancos de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e LILACS, sem limite temporal. Os títulos e resumos serão triados por dois revisores, que lerão os textos completos e extrairão os dados do material incluído, após será feito a síntese de evidência dos resultados e serão apresentados de forma narrativa. Apresentação e Interpretação dos resultados: Os resultados incluídos serão classificados em categorias de análise conceituais a partir da Análise categorial temática, fundamentada na análise de conteúdo de Bardin.
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Visalli, Michel, and Mara Virginia Galmarini. "Multi-attribute temporal descriptive methods in sensory analysis applied in food science: Protocol for a scoping review." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 26, 2022): e0270969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270969.
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Background Sensory perception is a temporal phenomenon highly present in food evaluation. Over the last decades, several sensory analysis methods have been developed to determine how our processing of the stimuli changes during tasting. These methods differ in several parameters: how attributes are characterized (intensity, dominance or applicability), the number of attributes evaluated, the moment of sample characterization (simultaneously with the tasting in continuous or discrete time, retrospectively), the required panel (trained subjects or consumers), etc. At the moment, there is no systematic review encompassing the full scope of this topic. This article presents the protocol for conducting a scoping review on multi-attribute temporal descriptive methods in sensory analysis in food science. Methods The protocol was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The research question was "how have multi-attribute temporal descriptive methods been implemented, used and compared in sensory analysis?". The eligibility criteria were defined using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Study design) framework. This protocol details how the articles of the final review will be retrieved, selected and analyzed. The search will be based on the querying of two academic research databases (Scopus and Web of Science). The main topics reported in research involving sensory analyses methods will be identified and summarized in a data extraction form. This form (detailed in the protocol) will be used to report pertinent information regarding the objectives of the review. It could also be reused as a guideline for carrying out and reporting results of future research in a more standardized way. A quality appraisal process was derived from literature. It will be applied on the included articles of the review, and could also be re-used to ensure that future publications meet higher quality levels. Finally, for the sake of transparency, the limitations of the protocol are discussed.
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Silva Carvalho, Matilde, Margarida Lourenço, Zaida Charepe, and Elisabete Nunes. "Intervenciones promotoras de esperanza en padres de niños con necesidades especiales de salud: una revisión scoping." Enfermería Global 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 646–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.18.1.342621.
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O conceito de esperança tem sido identificado como central para a enfermagem, ganhando visibilidade no âmbito da prestação de cuidados à criança com necessidades especiais de saúde e suas famílias. Surgindo novos desafios na enfermagem pediátrica e constatando as necessidades dos pais diante as adversidades que enfrentam, as intervenções promotoras de esperança deverão ser vistas em destaque. Objetivo: Mapear as intervenções que foram implementadas e avaliadas para promover a esperança em pais de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde. Método: realizou-se uma revisão scoping, seguindo a metodologia proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute, nas bases de dados Pubmed, CINHAL complete e SciELO, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol e na janela temporal de 2008 a 2018. Resultados: Foram incluídos nesta revisão 7 estudos. A investigação encontrada é maioritariamente qualitativa, dispersa em termos temporais e diferenciada no quadro conceptual. Maioritariamente avaliada em indivíduos, os estudos englobam intervenções de carater grupal e individual, com variabilidade de contextos e características de intervenção. Conclusão: mantém-se a discussão sobre intervenções promotoras de esperança nos cuidados de enfermagem pediátrica, existindo necessidade de mais investigação para a validação de intervenções que promovam a esperança em pais de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde.
El concepto de esperanza ha sido identificado como central para la enfermería, ganando visibilidad en el ámbito de la atención al niño con necesidades especiales de salud y sus familias. Surgiendo nuevos desafíos en la enfermería pediátrica y constatando las necesidades de los padres ante las adversidades que enfrentan, las intervenciones promotoras de esperanza deberán ser vistas en destaque.Objetivo: Mapear las intervenciones que se han implementado y evaluado para promover la esperanza en los padres de los niños con necesidades especiales de salud.Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión scoping, siguiendo la metodología propuesta por el Joanna Briggs Institute, en las bases de datos PubMed, CINHAL completa y SciELO, en portugués, inglés y español y en el marco de tiempo 2008-2018.Resultados: Fueron incluidos en esta revisión 7 estudios. La investigación encontrada es mayoritariamente cualitativa, dispersa en términos temporales y diferenciados en el marco conceptual. En la mayoría de los casos, los estudios engloban intervenciones de carácter grupal e individual, con variabilidad de contextos y características de intervención.Conclusión: Se mantiene la discusión sobre intervenciones promotoras de esperanza en los cuidados de enfermería pediátrica, existiendo necesidad de más investigación para la validación de intervenciones que promuevan la esperanza en los padres de niños con necesidades especiales de salud. The concept of hope has been identified as central to nursing and have gained visibility in the caring of children with special health needs and their families. With the emergence of new challenges in pediatric nursing and knowing the needs and adversities parents are facing in their daily life, interventions that promote hope should be highlighted.Objective: to map the interventions that have been implemented and evaluated to promote hope in parents of children with special health needs.Method: a scoping review was held, following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, in the databases Pubmed, CINHAL complete and SciELO, in portuguese, english and spanish and in the time window from 2008 to 2018.Results: Seven studies were included in this review. The research that was found is mostly qualitative, dispersed in time and differentiated in terms of conceptual framework. Mostly evaluated in individuals, the studies encompass either group and individual interventions, with a large variability of contexts and intervention characteristics. Conclusion: discussions about hope promoting interventions in pediatric nursing care are currently occurring, the need for more research persists for the validation of hope promotion interventions in parents of children with special health needs.
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Fogliatto, Danielle Borges, Aida Maris Peres, Carla da Ros, and Carmen Elizabeth Kalinowski. "Desafios e enfrentamentos para a prática clínica do enfermeiro: Scoping review." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 15 (November 8, 2022): e21111536679. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.36679.
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Objetivo: Identificar os desafios e as potencialidades para a prática clínica do enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde frente à COVID-19. Método: Scoping Review, conforme Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), com a questão norteadora: “Quais os desafios e as potencialidades da prática clínica do enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde frente à COVID-19?”. Inclusos estudos nacionais e internacionais, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, no espaço temporal de 2019 a 2022, com buscas em quatro bases de dados. Resultados: Encontrados 9089 artigos e selecionados oito como amostra final. Os estudos destacaram alguns dos desafios com o referencial para COVID-19, como a jornada de trabalho excessiva dos enfermeiros, falta de educação continuada, os Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI) insuficientes, o subfinanciamento da APS, entre outros, bem como as potencialidades, como a adaptabilidade e a força de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde, principalmente dos enfermeiros. Conclusões: Evidenciado que os desafios para a prática clínica do enfermeiro frente à COVID-19 estão no enfrentamento e superação das questões estruturais, econômicas, sociais e emocionais, geradas por situações como a falta de equipamentos e materiais, e trabalhar com o desconhecido. As potencialidades relacionam-se às possibilidades de desenvolvimento de competências clínicas e à adaptabilidade da força de trabalho para atender com segurança e qualidade as pessoas.
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Maldonado, Rayane Nascimbeni, Helenize Ferreira Lima Leachi, Aryane Apolinario Bieniek, Patrícia Aroni, and Renata Perfeito Ribeiro. "Características necessárias para publicação em periódicos de enfermagem: protocolo de scoping review." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): e29411124688. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24688.
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Introdução: As características presentes em um artigo científico, contribuem para que o mesmo, seja considerado de qualidade e tenha maior chances de publicação. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre as características necessárias para a publicação de artigos científicos em periódicos da área de enfermagem. Método: Protocolo de scoping review fundamentado pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Pretende responder à seguinte questão: fundamentada pela estratégia População-Conceito-Contexto (PCC): Quais as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre as características necessárias para a publicação de artigos científicos em periódicos da área de enfermagem? Foram incluídos estudos que abordassem as características relevantes na escrita de artigos científicos em revistas de enfermagem, disponíveis na íntegra, sem delimitação temporal e/ou de idioma. Resultados: A descrição dos achados ocorrerá de forma descritiva, por meio de um quadro, no qual estarão os principais resultados de cada estudo incluído. Conclusão: A redação científica bem como critérios de execução da pesquisa, são fatores determinantes para a publicação em periódicos com fator de impacto mais elevado.
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Shetty, Hemanth Narayan. "Temporal cues and the effect of their enhancement on speech perception in older adults – A scoping review." Journal of Otology 11, no. 3 (September 2016): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joto.2016.08.001.
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Giannetta, Noemi, Giulia Villa, Federico Pennestrì, Roberta Sala, Roberto Mordacci, and Duilio Fiorenzo Manara. "Ethical Problems and Moral Distress in Primary Care: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147565.
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Background: Since 1997, nursing ethics research has focused on solving ethical dilemmas, enhancing decision-making strategies, and introducing professional education. Few studies describe the triggers of ethical dilemmas among primary care nurses. The aim of this study was to explore the moral distress and ethical dilemmas among primary care nurses. Methods: A scoping review was performed following Arskey and O’Malley’s framework. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus were searched systematically to retrieve relevant titles and abstracts. A temporal filter was applied to focus on the most recent literature (years of 2010–2020). The research was completed on 17 November 2020. Results: Of 184 articles retrieved, 15 were included in the review. Some (n = 7) studies had a qualitative design, and the most productive country was Brazil (n = 7). The total number of nurses involved in quantitative studies was 1137 (range: 36–433); the total number of nurses involved in qualitative studies was 144 (range: 7–73). Three main focus areas were identified: (a) frequent ethical conflicts and moral distress episodes among nurses working in primary care settings; (b) frequent moral distress measures here employed; (c) coping strategies here adopted to prevent or manage moral distress. Conclusion: Further research is needed to examine the differences between moral distress triggers and sources of ethical dilemmas among the different care environments, such as primary care and acute care settings.
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Akhlaq, Ather, Aziz Sheikh, and Claudia Pagliari. "Health Information Exchange as a Complex and Adaptive Construct: Scoping Review." Journal of Innovation in Health Informatics 23, no. 4 (January 25, 2017): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/jhi.v23i4.889.
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ObjectiveTo understand how the concept of Health Information Exchange (HIE) has evolved over time.Methods Supplementary analysis of data from a systematic scoping review of definitions of HIE from 1900 to 2014, involving temporal analysis of underpinning themes.ResultsThe search identified 268 unique definitions of HIE dating from 1957 onwards; 103 in scientific databases and 165 in Google. These contained consistent themes, representing the core concept of exchanging health information electronically, as well as fluid themes, reflecting the evolving policy, business, organisational and technological context of HIE (including the emergence of HIE as an organisational ‘entity’). These are summarised graphically to show how the concept has evolved around the world with the passage of time. The term HIE emerged in 1957 with the establishment of Occupational HIE, evolving through the 1990s with concepts such as electronic data interchange and mobile computing technology; then from 2006-10 largely aligning with the US Government’s health information technology strategy and the creation of HIEs as organisational entities, alongside the broader interoperability imperative, and continuing to evolve today as part of a broader international agenda for sustainable, information-driven health systems.ConclusionsThe concept of HIE is an evolving and adaptive one, reflecting the ongoing quest for integrated and interoperable information to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health systems, in a changing technological and policy environment.
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Silva, Rosivânia Ingrid Medeiros, Eloysa Santos Oliveira, Rodrigo Rhuan Andrade Rocha, Thatiane Monick Souza Costa, Rodrigo Assis Neves Dantas, and Daniele Vieira Dantas. "Assistência de enfermagem no atendimento pré-hospitalar a vítimas de queimaduras: scoping review." Revista Enfermagem UERJ 29 (February 17, 2021): e51316. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.51316.
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Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas sobre a assistência de enfermagem no atendimento pré-hospitalar a vítima de queimadura. Método: revisão de escopo realizada conforme orientações do Instituto Joanna Briggs e protocolo PRISMA-ScR. A busca foi executada em seis fontes de dados, no recorte temporal de 2016 a 2020. Doze artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, sendo selecionados para a amostra dos resultados. Resultados: no âmbito da assistência de enfermagem, destacaram-se reposição volêmica com infusão de fluidos; resfriamento local com água limpa, corrente e em temperatura ambiente; monitoramento/controle dos sinais vitais, uso de oxigenoterapia; analgesia e cuidados com a ferida, utilizando coberturas oclusivas, identificação do agente causador, avaliação da Superfície Corporal Queimada, extensão e profundidade da lesão. Conclusão: a assistência de enfermagem frente ao atendimento pré-hospitalar às vítimas de queimaduras se dá principalmente pelo controle da evolução dos danos causados pelo incidente desde o momento da chegada até o atendimento terciário.
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Dutta, Manaswita, Laura Murray, Wendy Miller, and Doyle Groves. "Effects of Epilepsy on Language Functions: Scoping Review and Data Mining Findings." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 1S (March 2018): 350–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0195.
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Purpose This study involved a scoping review to identify possible gaps in the empirical description of language functioning in epilepsy in adults. With access to social network data, data mining was used to determine if individuals with epilepsy are expressing language-related concerns. Method For the scoping review, scientific databases were explored to identify pertinent articles. Findings regarding the nature of epilepsy etiologies, patient characteristics, tested language modalities, and language measures were compiled. Data mining focused on social network databases to obtain a set of relevant language-related posts. Results The search yielded 66 articles. Epilepsy etiologies except temporal lobe epilepsy and older adults were underrepresented. Most studies utilized aphasia tests and primarily assessed single-word productions; few studies included healthy control groups. Data mining revealed several posts regarding epilepsy-related language problems, including word retrieval, reading, writing, verbal memory difficulties, and negative effects of epilepsy treatment on language. Conclusion Our findings underscore the need for future specification of the integrity of language in epilepsy, particularly with respect to discourse and high-level language abilities. Increased awareness of epilepsy-related language issues and understanding the patients' perspectives about their language concerns will allow researchers and speech-language pathologists to utilize appropriate assessments and improve quality of care.
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Ismail, Leila, Huned Materwala, Achim P. Karduck, and Abdu Adem. "Requirements of Health Data Management Systems for Biomedical Care and Research: Scoping Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): e17508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17508.
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Background Over the last century, disruptive incidents in the fields of clinical and biomedical research have yielded a tremendous change in health data management systems. This is due to a number of breakthroughs in the medical field and the need for big data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT) to be incorporated in a real-time smart health information management system. In addition, the requirements of patient care have evolved over time, allowing for more accurate prognoses and diagnoses. In this paper, we discuss the temporal evolution of health data management systems and capture the requirements that led to the development of a given system over a certain period of time. Consequently, we provide insights into those systems and give suggestions and research directions on how they can be improved for a better health care system. Objective This study aimed to show that there is a need for a secure and efficient health data management system that will allow physicians and patients to update decentralized medical records and to analyze the medical data for supporting more precise diagnoses, prognoses, and public insights. Limitations of existing health data management systems were analyzed. Methods To study the evolution and requirements of health data management systems over the years, a search was conducted to obtain research articles and information on medical lawsuits, health regulations, and acts. These materials were obtained from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Association for Computing Machinery, Elsevier, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Results Health data management systems have undergone a disruptive transformation over the years from paper to computer, web, cloud, IoT, big data analytics, and finally to blockchain. The requirements of a health data management system revealed from the evolving definitions of medical records and their management are (1) medical record data, (2) real-time data access, (3) patient participation, (4) data sharing, (5) data security, (6) patient identity privacy, and (7) public insights. This paper reviewed health data management systems based on these 7 requirements across studies conducted over the years. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of the temporal evolution of health data management systems giving insights into the system requirements for better health care. Conclusions There is a need for a comprehensive real-time health data management system that allows physicians, patients, and external users to input their medical and lifestyle data into the system. The incorporation of big data analytics will aid in better prognosis or diagnosis of the diseases and the prediction of diseases. The prediction results will help in the development of an effective prevention plan.
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Merla, C., A. Wickson-Griffiths, S. Kaasalainen, V. Dal Bello-Haas, L. Banfield, T. Hadjistavropoulos, and E. Di Sante. "Perspective of Family Members of Transitions to Alternative Levels of Care in Anglo-Saxon Countries." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4892438.
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This scoping review explores circumstances surrounding the decision about, and eventual experience of, transitioning older adults into alternative levels of housing (ALH), such as long-term care. This topic is examined from a family member perspective, given their exposure and involvement in the care of older adult relatives during this transitional period. The scoping review methodology is based on the framework of Arksey and O’Malley and subsequent recommendations from Levac, Colquhoun, and O’Brien. Approximately 470 articles were reviewed covering the period between 2000 and November 2014; 37 articles met inclusion criteria. A temporal organization of themes was used to describe the experiences of family members in the pretransition, active transition, and posttransition periods of moving older adult relatives into ALH. This paper highlights the transitional period as a time of crisis, with a lack of planning, support, and transparent discussion. This study identifies a need for future research on the potential benefits of family support groups, interim transitional housing options, different models of ALH, changing roles in the posttransition period, and the need for a comprehensive list of housing options for older adults. Results have the potential to inform policy/practice and improve the lives of older adults and their family.
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Garbarino, Sergio, Emanuela Garbarino, and Paola Lanteri. "Cyrcadian Rhythm, Mood, and Temporal Patterns of Eating Chocolate: A Scoping Review of Physiology, Findings, and Future Directions." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153113.
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This paper discusses the effect of chrononutrition on the regulation of circadian rhythms; in particular, that of chocolate on the resynchronization of the human internal biological central and peripheral clocks with the main external synchronizers, light–dark cycle and nutrition-fasting cycle. The desynchronization of internal clocks with external synchronizers, which is so frequent in our modern society due to the tight rhythms imposed by work, social life, and technology, has a negative impact on our psycho-physical performance, well-being, and health. Taking small amounts of chocolate, in the morning at breakfast at the onset of the active phase, helps speed up resynchronization time. The high flavonoid contents in chocolate promote cardioprotection, metabolic regulation, neuroprotection, and neuromodulation with direct actions on brain function, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and mood. Although the mechanisms of action of chocolate compounds on brain function and mood as well as on the regulation of circadian rhythms have yet to be fully understood, data from the literature currently available seem to agree in suggesting that chocolate intake, in compliance with chrononutrition, could be a strategy to reduce the negative effects of desynchronization. This strategy appears to be easily implemented in different age groups to improve work ability and daily life.
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Aladeyelu, Okikioluwa Stephen, Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi, Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede, Wonder-Boy Eumane Mbatha, Andile Lindokuhle Sibiya, and Carmen Olivia Rennie. "Temporal bone pneumatization: A scoping review on the growth and size of mastoid air cell system with age." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): e0269360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269360.
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The interest in the mastoid air cell system arose from the association between temporal bone aeration and otitis media. Its size and growth have been considered when planning chronic and middle ear surgeries. The objective of this review was to explore the literature on the size of mastoid air cells with age, highlighting various growth rates reported and mapping out areas yet to be fully understood for further research. A three-step systematic search was conducted for available literature on the subject matter viz; Google Scholar, Medline, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. Eligibility criteria guided the study selection, and eligible studies were subjected to appraisal using screening and quantitative criteria of mixed-method appraisal tool. A data extraction form was developed to extract information from eligible studies. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria. 55.6% of the included studies were conducted among the east and south Asian population, 33.3% were conducted among Scandinavians, and 11.1% in South America. Age groupings varied among studies; 33.3% utilized 1-year age grouping, 33.3% utilized 5-year age grouping, 11.1% utilized 10-year age grouping. In reporting the size of mastoid air cells across age groupings, 66.7% utilized area, 22.2% utilized volume, while 11.1% utilized both area and volume. Findings from this review showed that the mastoid air cells’ size with respect to age differs among populations of different origins. The most common measurements were the area of air cells. The highest growth rate was reported up to 30 years. Findings also show the influence of sex on the size of mastoid air cells and growth rate with age, as females were reported to have larger air cells with rapid growth until puberty. However, the male mastoid air cell system continues a steady growth after puberty and becomes larger. Information still lacks in the volume of air cells in pediatric pneumatization.
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Warsi, Taufique, Tanvi Arora, Syed Shams Rizvi, Ali Raza Moosvi, M. A. Mohammed Aslam, Mohammad Muqtada Ali Khan, and Arifullah Mohammed. "Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Water and Environment—A Scoping Review." Life 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12040520.
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A pneumonia outbreak was primarily reported in the fall of 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, with the identity SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus. It quickly grew from a local epidemic to a global pandemic and was declared a public health emergency by the WHO. A total of three prominent waves were identified across the globe, with a slight temporal variability as per the geographical locations, and has impacted several sectors which connect the world. By March 2022, the coronavirus had infected 444.12 million people and claimed 6.01 million human lives worldwide, and these numbers have not yet stabilized. Our paper enlightens readers on the seven strains of human coronaviruses, with special emphasis on the three severe deadliest outbreaks (SARS-2002, MERS-2012, and COVID-19). This work attempts a comprehensive understanding of the coronavirus and its impact on the possible sectors that link the world through the economic chain, climate conditions, SDGs, recycling of the event, and mitigations. There are many points that are raised by the authors in the possible sectors, which are emerging or are as yet unnoticed and thus have not been taken into consideration. This comprehension will leave sets of new challenges and opportunities for the researchers in various streams, especially in earth sciences. Science-integrated research may help to prevent upcoming disasters as a by-product of (existing) epidemics in the form of coronavirus.
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Silveira de Almeida Hammerschmidt, Karina, Aline Da Silva Paula, Laura Alves Fachina, Alessandra Amaral Schwanke, Neidamar Pedrini Arias Fugaça, and Marlise Lima Brandão. "Detecção precoce do SARS-COV-2 em instituição de longa permanência para idosos: Scoping review." Saúde Coletiva (Barueri) 12, no. 81 (October 24, 2022): 11610–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2022v12i81p11610-11627.
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Objetivo: Identificar na literatura científica as recomendações para detecção precoce do SARS-CoV-2 nas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Método: Trata-se de Scoping Review segundo Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’Manual, com coleta ocorrida nos meses de junho e julho de 2021, em publicações da SciELO, PubMed, MEDLINE, Portal BVS, Scopus e CINAHL, sem limitação temporal. Resultado: Os artigos apresentaram a importância do teste RT-PCR e sorológico RT-PCR, assim como exame de imagem e critérios clínicos-epidemiológicos, em colaboradores e idosos das Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Desta forma, é necessário que as instituições descrevam em seus planos de contingência, as recomendações para controle da disseminação de SARS-CoV-2, explanando sobre a periodicidade de coleta dos exames, bem como especificando o tipo e a situação de aplicação. Conclusão: a detecção precoce em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos é essencial para prevenir a transmissão do SARS-CoV-2 nestes serviços de saúde.
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Klopfer, Florian, René Westerholt, and Dietwald Gruehn. "Conceptual Frameworks for Assessing Climate Change Effects on Urban Areas: A Scoping Review." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 10794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910794.
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Urban areas are amongst the most adversely affected regions by current and future climate change effects. One issue when it comes to measuring, for example, impacts, vulnerabilities, and resilience in preparation of adaptation action is the abundance of conceptual frameworks and associated definitions. Frequently, those definitions contradict each other and shift over time. Prominently, in the transition from the IPCC AR (International Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report) 4 to the IPCC AR 5, a number of conceptual understandings have changed. By integrating common concepts, the literature review presented intends to thoroughly investigate frameworks applied to assess climate change effects on urban areas, creating an evidence base for research and politically relevant adaptation. Thereby, questions concerning the temporal development of publication activity, the geographical scopes of studies and authors, and the dominant concepts as applied in the studies are addressed. A total of 50 publications is identified following screening titles, abstracts, and full texts successively based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Major findings derived from our literature corpus include a recently rising trend in the number of publications, a focus on Chinese cities, an imbalance in favor of authors from Europe and North America, a dominance of the concept of vulnerability, and a strong influence of the IPCC publications. However, confusion regarding various understandings remains. Future research should focus on mainstreaming and unifying conceptual frameworks and definitions as well as on conducting comparative studies.
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Russell, Joanna, Anne Lechner, Quentin Hanich, Aurélie Delisle, Brooke Campbell, and Karen Charlton. "Assessing food security using household consumption expenditure surveys (HCES): a scoping literature review." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 12 (April 16, 2018): 2200–2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001800068x.
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AbstractObjectiveTo meet some of the UN’s seventeen Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, there is a need for more effective policy to reduce food insecurity in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC). Measuring progress towards these goals requires reliable indicators of food security in these countries. Routinely conducted household consumption and expenditure surveys (HCES) provide potentially valuable and nationally representative data sets for this purpose. The present study aimed to assess methods used to determine national food security status using proxy measures from HCES data in LMIC globally.DesignA scoping literature review was conducted using electronic databases. Of the 929 abstracts identified, a total of twenty articles were reviewed against strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and included for further analysis.ResultsFourteen LMIC globally were represented in the twenty articles. The simplest metric used to indicate food insecurity compared household food expenditure against a level of expenditure considered to be below the poverty line. Data on acquisition of food was commonly converted to available energy for the household using local food composition tables and expressed as a proportion of household total energy requirements. Dietary diversity was also assessed in some studies as well as experience of food insecurity.ConclusionsThe review demonstrated that routinely collected HCES data sets provide a useful resource for the measurement of household food security in often resource-limited LMIC. Standardisation of methods used to assess food security is needed to allow for more useful comparisons between countries, as well as to assess temporal trends.
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Mendonça, Andréa Gondim, Camila Porpino Maia Garcia, Vanessa Julinda Ribeiro Coutinho Marques, Isabela Guimarães Nolêto Martins, Maria Clara Teles de Souza, Suyane Alves de Queiroga Vilar, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Yana Balduíno de Araújo, and Cleyton Cézar Souto Silva. "Tecnologias em saúde para o acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento do lactente: scoping review." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 14 (October 24, 2022): e188111436271. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i14.36271.
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O acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento é uma excelente prática de assistência estruturada na Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Criança. Tecnologias em saúde, como a Caderneta da Criança, corroboram a essa prática e favorecem o cuidado infantil. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e mapear as tecnologias em saúde para acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento de lactentes. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo fundamentada pelos pressupostos do Joanna Briggs Institute segundo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. O protocolo de pesquisa foi registrado no Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/2b5sz/), sob identificação DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/2B5SZ. Foram analisados artigos, teses e dissertações em 11 bases de dados nacionais e internacionais utilizando o mnemônico PCC: P População – Tecnologias em saúde; C Conceito - crescimento e desenvolvimento; C Contexto - lactente. Os critérios de inclusão foram pesquisas que obedeçam ao objetivo do estudo, publicadas online, na íntegra e sem limite temporal, e os de exclusão foram editoriais, ensaios teóricos e estudos duplicados. A partir disso, foram selecionados 61 estudos para compor a amostra, publicados de 2018 a 2022. Os resultados mostraram que quantos às ferramentas, a tecnologia assistencial correspondeu a 48%, destacando-se as tecnologias duras (84%) e prevalecendo a fase de implementação. Ademais, as tecnologias destinavam-se em 41% para profissionais de saúde, enquanto os aplicativos destinavam-se principalmente para usuários com foco assistencial. Assim, apesar dos desafios financeiros e de integração, a implementação de tecnologias favorece a acessibilidade e qualidade assistencial e, portanto, melhor qualidade de vida.
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Marchado, Regimar Carla, Joao Carlos Marchiori de Claudio, Karina Santos do Carmo, José Antonio Gonçalves da Silva, Rodrigo Mendes, and Sueli Fatima Sampaio. "Alterações cardiovasculares em pacientes com SARS-CoV-2 submetidos aos cuidados intensivos: Revisão de escopo." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2021): e41010212689. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12689.
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Objetivo: mapear a literatura científica sobre as alterações cardiovasculares de maior incidência em pacientes com SARS-CoV-2 submetidos às unidades de cuidados intensivos. Método: scoping review seguindo o delineamento do Joanna Briggs Institute. Contemplou as bases de literatura branca e cinzenta, sem restrição temporal e idiomática. Realizadas três etapas de seleção dos estudos: seleção por título e resumo; leitura na íntegra dos estudos selecionados e leitura das referências dos estudos incluídos. Os estudos incluídos foram apresentados em síntese narrativa e tabelas. Resultados: obteve-se um total de 2269 publicações, obtendo oito estudos após as etapas de seleção. Os achados mais relevantes foram: leucocitopenia, aumento de marcadores de necrose cardíaca, alteração do segmentos ST, espessamento do ventrículo esquerdo e redução no fluxo de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo. Conclusão: as alterações cardíacas com maior incidência encontrada nesses pacientes foram as causadas pela resposta inflamatória no coração e a sobrecarga da bomba cardíaca.
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Smith, Melody, Suzanne Mavoa, Erika Ikeda, Kamyar Hasanzadeh, Jinfeng Zhao, Tiina E. Rinne, Niamh Donnellan, Marketta Kyttä, and Jianqiang Cui. "Associations between Children’s Physical Activity and Neighborhood Environments Using GIS: A Secondary Analysis from a Systematic Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031033.
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Regular participation in physical activity is essential for children’s physical, mental, and cognitive health. Neighborhood environments may be especially important for children who are more likely to spend time in the environment proximal to home. This article provides an update of evidence for associations between children’s physical activity behaviors and objectively assessed environmental characteristics derived using geographical information system (GIS)-based approaches. A systematic scoping review yielded 36 relevant articles of varying study quality. Most studies were conducted in the USA. Findings highlight the need for neighborhoods that are well connected, have higher population densities, and have a variety of destinations in the proximal neighborhood to support children’s physical activity behaviors. A shorter distance to school and safe traffic environments were significant factors in supporting children’s active travel behaviors. Areas for improvement in the field include the consideration of neighborhood self-selection bias, including more diverse population groups, ground-truthing GIS databases, utilising data-driven approaches to derive environmental indices, and improving the temporal alignment of GIS datasets with behavioral outcomes.
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Gomaa, Nahla A., Zaharadeen Jimoh, Sandra Campbell, Julianna K. Zenke, and Agnieszka J. Szczepek. "Biomarkers for Inner Ear Disorders: Scoping Review on the Role of Biomarkers in Hearing and Balance Disorders." Diagnostics 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010042.
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The diagnostics of inner ear diseases are primarily functional, but there is a growing interest in inner ear biomarkers. The present scoping review aimed to elucidate gaps in the literature regarding the definition, classification system, and an overview of the potential uses of inner ear biomarkers. Relevant biomarkers were categorized, and their possible benefits were evaluated. The databases OVID Medline, EMBASE, EBSCO COINAHL, CA PLUS, WOS BIOSIS, WOS Core Collection, Proquest Dissertations, Theses Global, PROSPERO, Cochrane Library, and BASE were searched using the keywords “biomarker” and “inner ear”. Of the initially identified 1502 studies, 34 met the inclusion criteria. The identified biomarkers were classified into diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and pathognomonic; many were detected only in the inner ear or temporal bone. The inner-ear-specific biomarkers detected in peripheral blood included otolin-1, prestin, and matrilin-1. Various serum antibodies correlated with inner ear diseases (e.g., anti-type II collagen, antinuclear antibodies, antibodies against cytomegalovirus). Further studies are advised to elucidate the clinical significance and diagnostic or prognostic usage of peripheral biomarkers for inner ear disorders, filling in the literature gaps with biomarkers pertinent to the otology clinical practice and integrating functional and molecular biomarkers. These may be the building blocks toward a well-structured guideline for diagnosing and managing some audio-vestibular disorders.
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Letarte, Laurence, Sonia Pomerleau, André Tchernof, Laurent Biertho, Edward Owen D. Waygood, and Alexandre Lebel. "Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e034690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034690.
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Context and objectivesNeighbourhood effect research on obesity took off in the early 2000s and was composed of mostly cross-sectional observational studies interested in various characteristics of the built environment and the socioeconomic environment. To limit biases related to self-selection and life course exposures, many researchers apply longitudinal designs in their studies. Until now, no review has specifically and exclusively examined longitudinal studies and the specific designs of these studies. In this review, we intend to answer the following research question: how are the temporal measurements of contextual exposure and obesity outcomes integrated into longitudinal studies that explore how neighbourhood-level built and socioeconomic environments impact adult obesity?DesignA systematic search strategy was designed to address the research question. The search was performed in Embase, Web of Science and PubMed, targeting scientific papers published before 1 January 2018. The eligible studies reported results on adults, included exposure that was limited to neighbourhood characteristics at the submunicipal level, included an outcome limited to obesity proxies, and reported a design with at least two exposure measurements or two outcome measurements.ResultsThis scoping review identified 66 studies that fit the eligibility criteria. A wide variety of neighbourhood characteristics were also measured, making it difficult to draw general conclusions about associations between neighbourhood exposure and obesity. We applied a typology that classified studies by whether exposure and outcome were measured as varying or fixed. Using this typology, we found that 32 studies reported both neighbourhood exposure and obesity outcomes that were varying in time; 28 reported varying outcomes but fixed exposures; and 6 had fixed outcomes and varying exposures.ConclusionOur typology illustrates the variety of longitudinal designs that were used in the selected studies. In the light of our results, we make recommendations on how to better report longitudinal designs and facilitate comparisons between studies.
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Shah, Uzair, Mahmood Alzubaidi, Farida Mohsen, Alaa Abd-Alrazaq, Tanvir Alam, and Mowafa Househ. "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Decoding Speech from EEG Signals: A Scoping Review." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 6975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186975.
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Background: Brain traumas, mental disorders, and vocal abuse can result in permanent or temporary speech impairment, significantly impairing one’s quality of life and occasionally resulting in social isolation. Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) can support people who have issues with their speech or who have been paralyzed to communicate with their surroundings via brain signals. Therefore, EEG signal-based BCI has received significant attention in the last two decades for multiple reasons: (i) clinical research has capitulated detailed knowledge of EEG signals, (ii) inexpensive EEG devices, and (iii) its application in medical and social fields. Objective: This study explores the existing literature and summarizes EEG data acquisition, feature extraction, and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for decoding speech from brain signals. Method: We followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to conduct this scoping review. We searched six electronic databases: PubMed, IEEE Xplore, the ACM Digital Library, Scopus, arXiv, and Google Scholar. We carefully selected search terms based on target intervention (i.e., imagined speech and AI) and target data (EEG signals), and some of the search terms were derived from previous reviews. The study selection process was carried out in three phases: study identification, study selection, and data extraction. Two reviewers independently carried out study selection and data extraction. A narrative approach was adopted to synthesize the extracted data. Results: A total of 263 studies were evaluated; however, 34 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. We found 64-electrode EEG signal devices to be the most widely used in the included studies. The most common signal normalization and feature extractions in the included studies were the bandpass filter and wavelet-based feature extraction. We categorized the studies based on AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning. The most prominent ML algorithm was a support vector machine, and the DL algorithm was a convolutional neural network. Conclusions: EEG signal-based BCI is a viable technology that can enable people with severe or temporal voice impairment to communicate to the world directly from their brain. However, the development of BCI technology is still in its infancy.
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Nóbrega, Thamirys Dantas, Ítalo Pereira Salviano, Polyana Lins Dantas, Bruno Oliveira Almeida Pereira, Mayara Lima Barbosa, and Adriana Amorim de Farias Leal. "Condutas relativas à redução do risco desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde na unidade de terapia intensiva: uma scoping review." Revista de Medicina 100, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v100i2p135-143.
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Objetivo: Mapear e identificar as condutas relativas à redução do risco desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: Scoping review segundo o JBI Institute Reviewer’s Manual. Na busca inicial foram utilizados os descritores encontrados no MeSH: health personnel, risk management e Intensive care unit, para delimitar a estratégia final de busca, composta por uma combinação de duzentas e vinte e duas palavras-chave, realizada em bases de dados científicas e cinzentas, sem limite temporal. Foram extraídas informações sobre o ano, país de origem, objetivo da publicação, condutas realizadas, condutas negligenciadas, protocolos desenvolvidos, profissionais envolvidos, aspectos do método, resultados e conclusões relacionados ao tema proposto neste artigo de scoping review. Resultados: A seleção primária foi de 10.349.624 textos que tiveram seus títulos e resumos avaliados e, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos, foram selecionados 94 para leitura na íntegra. Posteriormente excluímos 79 (40 não responderam ao objetivo, 38 eram indisponíveis e 1 foi escrito em francês). Assim, a seleção final foi composta por 15 artigos. Entre as principais condutas realizadas pelos profissionais de saúde, a que mais se destacou foi a higienização das mãos, no entanto, ainda é muito negligenciada nesse meio, o que gera maior risco para pacientes e profissionais das UTI’s. Além disso, a elevada carga de trabalho, falta de discussão sobre erros e falta de capacitação, são ações muito citadas que afetam diretamente a qualidade do serviço de saúde. Conclusões e implicações para a prática: É fundamental que o gerenciamento de risco no ambiente de UTI seja feito de forma prioritária, eficiente e com qualidade, a fim de evitar ou minimizar os eventos adversos, culminando, portanto, em uma assistência integral, qualificada e responsável da evolução do quadro clínico de cada paciente.
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Schreiber, Stefan G., Sanja Schreiber, Rajiv N. Tanna, David R. Roberts, and Tim J. Arciszewski. "Statistical tools for water quality assessment and monitoring in river ecosystems – a scoping review and recommendations for data analysis." Water Quality Research Journal 57, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2022.028.
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Abstract Robust scientific inference is crucial to ensure evidence-based decision making. Accordingly, the selection of appropriate statistical tools and experimental designs is integral to achieve accuracy from data analytical processes. Environmental monitoring of water quality has become increasingly common and widespread as a result of technological advances, leading to an abundance of datasets. We conducted a scoping review of the water quality literature and found that correlation and linear regression are by far the most used statistical tools. However, the accuracy of inferences drawn from ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques depends on a set of assumptions, most prominently: (a) independence among observations, (b) normally distributed errors, (c) equal variances of errors, and (d) balanced designs. Environmental data, however, are often faced with temporal and spatial dependencies, and unbalanced designs, thus making OLS techniques not suitable to provide valid statistical inferences. Generalized least squares (GLS), linear mixed-effect models (LMMs), and generalized linear mixed-effect models (GLMMs), as well as Bayesian data analyses, have been developed to better tackle these problems. Recent progress in the development of statistical software has made these approaches more accessible and user-friendly. We provide a high-level summary and practical guidance for those statistical techniques.
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Pereira, Inês, João Mourinho, Joana Galvão, Marta Rodrigues, Paulo Sabino, Rafaela Santos, and Alice Ruivo. "ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL PELA PANDEMIA COVID-19 NO MANEJO DA DOR CRÓNICA." Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51891/rease.v8i1.3943.
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Objetivos: Mapear a evidência científica acerca da influência do isolamento social por Covid-19 no Manejo da Dor Crónica. Sugerir ações que minimizem as interferências da Pandemia por Covid-19 no manejo da dor crónica. Método: Foi seguida a metodologia JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute), a pesquisa foi realizada entre outubro e novembro de 2020 nas bases de dados Biblioteca do Conhecimento, Ebscohost, PubMed Central (PMC) e PubMed, foi considerado o espaço temporal de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020 e conjugados os boleanos “and” e “not”. A Scoping Review (SR) pretende mapear os procedimentos metodológicos e partiu da seguinte questão central: “O manejo da dor crónica foi afetado pelo Isolamento Social causado pela Pandemia por Covid-19?”, sendo esta definida pela questão PCC. Resultados: Do universo de 862 artigos encontrados foram selecionados 16 após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão. Conclusão: Corroboramos que se revela fulcral adotar medidas individualizadas no acompanhamento do doente com dor crónica em fase de Pandemia por Covid-19, de modo a diminuir as comorbilidades nestes doentes e aumentar a qualidade de vida.
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Marinho, Rossana Aguiar de Vasconcelos, Sherida Karanini Paz de Oliveira, and Thiago Santos Garces. "Estratégias de prevenção e enfrentamento de crises sensoriais no Transtorno Espectro Autista em adolescentes: um protocolo de revisão de escopo." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 13 (September 27, 2022): e04111334430. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.34430.
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Objetivo: Mapear as estratégias de prevenção e enfrentamento de crises sensoriais em adolescentes autistas. Método: Trata-se de um protocolo de revisão de escopo, construído com base no manual do Instituto Joanna Briggs e Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews. O protocolo foi registrado na Plataforma Open Science Framework, nº osf.io/fxnh4. Foram elegidos os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde e Medical Subject Headings: relacionados aos termos Adolescente, Transtorno do Espectro Autista e Crises Sensoriais, para proceder a equação de busca nas bases de dados Lilacs e SciELO, via Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, Medline, via PubMed, e Scopus. Os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos são artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, sem recorte temporal, e que respondam à pergunta norteadora: Quais as estratégias de prevenção e enfrentamento de crises sensoriais de adolescentes autistas?. Dois revisores triarão os títulos e resumos, bem como extrairão os dados de forma independente. Os resultados serão classificados em categorias de análise conceituais a partir da análise categorial temática, fundamentada na análise de conteúdo de Bardin.
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Santos, Andressa Fernandes dos, Alexandre de Assis Bueno, Isabela Moraes Peres Rodrigues, Luiz Almeida Silva, Michelly de Melo Alvez, and Renata Alessandra Evangelista. "Letramento em saúde para a segurança do paciente na UTI-neonatal junto à equipe de enfermagem: protocolo de revisão de escopo." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 14 (October 23, 2022): e163111436090. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i14.36090.
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Objetivo: Mapear as evidências acerca das estratégias de letramento em saúde com foco na segurança do paciente junto a equipe de enfermagem em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Scoping Review. Questão da revisão: Quais são as estratégias de literacia em saúde com foco na segurança do paciente junto a equipe de enfermagem em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal? Critérios de Inclusão e Exclusão: Serão considerados estudos referentes à população, conceito e contexto. Não haverá recorte temporal. Nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Sendo excluídos abstract e pôsteres publicados em eventos científicos, bem como artigos de opinião. Estratégia de pesquisa: A estratégia de pesquisa será composta por três etapas/busca. Seleção dos estudos: Será utilizado o fluxograma PRISMA. Extração dos dados: Será utilizado um instrumento cujo objetivo será responder à questão norteadora dessa revisão. Síntese dos dados: Ainda em construção. Os resultados serão descritos e apresentados em tabelas e gráficos. Apresentação e interpretação dos resultados: Ainda em construção. Os resultados desse estudo serão apresentados em eventos, e pela translação do conhecimento
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Fenech, Benjamin, Georgia Rodgers, and Sierra Clark. "An update to the WHO 2018 Environmental Noise Guidelines exposure response relationships for annoyance from road and railway noise." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 6 (February 1, 2023): 1717–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0244.
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The systematic review on environmental noise and annoyance commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) to inform its 2018 Environmental Noise Guidelines proposed new aggregate exposure response relationships (ERRs) for transportation noise, based on studies published between 2000 and 2014. A subsequent scoping review commissioned by the UK's Interdepartmental Group on Costs and Benefits Noise Subject Group identified 12 new studies for road and nine new studies for rail, published between 2014 and 2019, and recommended that an update to the WHO ERRs may be warranted. This paper presents updated aggregated ERRs for the percentage of people highly annoyed (%HA) from road and railway traffic noise incorporating data from a subset of the recent studies that met certain eligibility criteria. In light of the ongoing debate on the temporal stability of community annoyance (observed or modelled), we also discuss some of the important considerations that need to be taken into account when deciding if and how often a reference exposure-response relationship is updated for policy and practice.
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Pianzola, Federico, Giuseppe Riva, Karin Kukkonen, and Fabrizia Mantovani. "Presence, flow, and narrative absorption: an interdisciplinary theoretical exploration with a new spatiotemporal integrated model based on predictive processing." Open Research Europe 1 (March 26, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13193.1.
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Presence, flow, narrative absorption, immersion, transportation, and similar subjective phenomena are studied in many different disciplines, mostly in relation to mediated experiences (books, film, VR, games). Moreover, since real, virtual, or fictional agents are often involved, concepts like identification and state empathy are often linked to engaging media use. Based on a scoping review which identified similarities in the wording of various questionnaire items conceived to measure different phenomena, we categorize items into the most relevant psychological aspects, and use this categorization to propose an interdisciplinary systematization. Then, based on a framework of embodied predictive processing, we present a new cognitive model of presence-related phenomena for mediated and non-mediated experiences, integrating spatial and temporal aspects and also considering the role of fiction and media design. Key processes described within the model are: selective attention, enactment of intentions, and interoception. We claim that presence is the state of perceived successful agency of an embodied mind able to correctly enact its predictions. The difference between real-life and simulated experiences (“book problem,” “paradox of fiction”) lays in the different precision weighing of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals.
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Zhang, Xinyue, Xiaolu Gao, Danxian Wu, Zening Xu, and Hongjie Wang. "The Role of Big Data in Aging and Older People’s Health Research: A Systematic Review and Ecological Framework." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 11587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111587.
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Big data has been prominent in studying aging and older people’s health. It has promoted modeling and analyses in biological and geriatric research (like cellular senescence), developed health management platforms, and supported decision-making in public healthcare and social security. However, current studies are still limited within a single subject, rather than flourished as interdisciplinary research in the context of big data. The research perspectives have not changed, nor has big data brought itself out of the role as a modeling tool. When embedding big data as a data product, analysis tool, and resolution service into different spatial, temporal, and organizational scales of aging processes, it would present as a connection, integration, and interaction simultaneously in conducting interdisciplinary research. Therefore, this paper attempts to propose an ecological framework for big data based on aging and older people’s health research. Following the scoping process of PRISMA, 35 studies were reviewed to validate our ecological framework. Although restricted by issues like digital divides and privacy security, we encourage researchers to capture various elements and their interactions in the human-environment system from a macro and dynamic perspective rather than simply pursuing accuracy.
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Pianzola, Federico, Giuseppe Riva, Karin Kukkonen, and Fabrizia Mantovani. "Presence, flow, and narrative absorption: an interdisciplinary theoretical exploration with a new spatiotemporal integrated model based on predictive processing." Open Research Europe 1 (July 23, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13193.2.
Full textAbstract:
Presence, flow, narrative absorption, immersion, transportation, and similar subjective phenomena are studied in many different disciplines, mostly in relation to mediated experiences (books, film, VR, games). Moreover, since real, virtual, or fictional agents are often involved, concepts like identification and state empathy are often linked to engaging media use. Based on a scoping review that identified similarities in the wording of various questionnaire items conceived to measure different phenomena, we categorize items into the most relevant psychological aspects and use this categorization to propose an interdisciplinary systematization. Then, based on a framework of embodied predictive processing, we present a new cognitive model of presence-related phenomena for mediated and non-mediated experiences, integrating spatial and temporal aspects and also considering the role of fiction and media design. Key processes described within the model are: selective attention, enactment of intentions, and interoception. We claim that presence is the state of perceived successful agency of an embodied mind able to correctly enact its predictions. The difference between real-life and simulated experiences (“book problem,” “paradox of fiction”) lays in the different precision weighting of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals.
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Viana, Aurilio Sergio Araujo, and Lívia Márcia Vidal Peres. "Erupção Eritematosa Supravenosa Persistente (PSEE): Uma revisão de escopo sobre um efeito adverso relacionado a infusão de Docetaxel." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 5 (April 3, 2022): e21111527974. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.27974.
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Objetivos: Identificar e sintetizar evidências científicas acerca da Erupção Eritematosa Supravenosa Persistente (PSEE), a fim de caracteriza-la e prover subsidio à prática clínica na diferenciação entre esse evento e o extravasamento por Docetaxel. Métodos: scoping review, conforme Joanna Briggs Institute. A estratégia PCC foi utilizada para formular a questão de pesquisa. Realizou-se pesquisa em quatro bases de dados eletrônicas: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL e BVS/IBECS. A coleta de dados ocorreu de fevereiro a maio de 2021, visando um recorte temporal dos últimos 10 anos. Os dados extraídos dos artigos selecionados foram analisados e sintetizados de forma narrativa. Resultados: foram recuperados um total de 474 registros e mantidos 7 estudos para a revisão. A maioria das publicações (4) eram do tipo relato de caso, sendo possível dispor as informações principais, extraídas, em forma de quadros e categorização destas em: Possíveis causas da PSEE; Fisiopatologia da PSEE; Caracterização do quadro; Medidas de prevenção; Manejo da PSEE. Conclusões: Evidências levantadas acerca da PSEE possibilitaram sua caracterização e diferenciação com relação ao extravasamento, com possibilidade de nortear manejo correto e cuidado mais assertivo da enfermagem e demais componentes da equipe de saúde a uma toxicidade inerente ao tratamento quimioterápico.