Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Temporal rule'
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Kearton, Kristian. "Correlating temporal rules to time-series data with rule-based intuition." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FKearton.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Garfinkel, Simson L. Second Reader: Schein, Andrew I. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Temporal Analysis, Time-Series Data, Rule Based Evaluation, Supervised Learning. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-48). Also available in print.
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Ziliani, Francesco. "Spatio-temporal image segmentation : a new rule-based approach /." Lausanne : EPFL, 2000. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2265.
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Carse, Brian. "Artificial evolution of fuzzy and temporal rule based systems." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267551.
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Weitl, Harms Sherri K. "Temporal association rule methodologies for geo-spatial decision support /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091989.
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Unal, Calargun Seda. "Fuzzy Association Rule Mining From Spatio-temporal Data: An Analysis Of Meteorological Data In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609308/index.pdf.
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Data mining is the extraction of interesting non-trivial, implicit, previously unknown and
potentially useful information or patterns from data in large databases. Association rule
mining is a data mining method that seeks to discover associations among transactions encoded
within a database. Data mining on spatio-temporal data takes into consideration the
dynamics of spatially extended systems for which large amounts of spatial data exist, given
that all real world spatial data exists in some temporal context. We need fuzzy sets in mining
association rules from spatio-temporal databases since fuzzy sets handle the numerical
data better by softening the sharp boundaries of data which models the uncertainty embedded
in the meaning of data. In this thesis, fuzzy association rule mining is performed
on spatio-temporal data using data cubes and Apriori algorithm. A methodology is developed
for fuzzy spatio-temporal data cube construction. Besides the performance criteria
interpretability, precision, utility, novelty, direct-to-the-point and visualization are defined
to be the metrics for the comparison of association rule mining techniques. Fuzzy association
rule mining using spatio-temporal data cubes and Apriori algorithm performed
within the scope of this thesis are compared using these metrics. Real meteorological data
(precipitation and temperature) for Turkey recorded between 1970 and 2007 are analyzed
using data cube and Apriori algorithm in order to generate the fuzzy association rules.
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Mooney, Carl Howard, and carl mooney@bigpond com. "The Discovery of Interacting Episodes and Temporal Rule Determination in Sequential Pattern Mining." Flinders University. Informatics and Engineering, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070702.120306.
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The reason for data mining is to generate rules that can be used as the basis for making
decisions. One such area is sequence mining which, in terms of transactional datasets,
can be stated as the discovery of inter-transaction associations or associations between
different transactions. The data used for sequence mining is not limited to data stored
in overtly temporal or longitudinally maintained datasets and in such domains data can
be viewed as a series of events, or episodes, occurring at specific times. The problem
thus becomes a search for collections of events that occur frequently together.
While the mining of frequent episodes is an important capability, the manner in
which such episodes interact can provide further useful knowledge in the search for a
description of the behaviour of a phenomenon but as yet has received little investigation.
Moreover, while many sequences are associated with absolute time values, most
sequence mining routines treat time in a relative sense, returning only patterns that
can be described in terms of Allen-style relationships (or simpler), ie. nothing about
the relative pace of occurrence. They thus produce rules with a more limited expressive
power. Up to this point in time temporal interval patterns have been based on
the endpoints of the intervals, however in many cases the natural point of reference is
the midpoint of an interval and it is therefore appropriate to develop a mechanism for
reasoning between intervals when midpoint information is known.
This thesis presents a method for discovering interacting episodes from temporal
sequences and the analysis of them using temporal patterns. The mining can be conducted
both with and without the mechanism for handling the pace of events and
the analysis is conducted using both the traditional interval algebras and a midpoint
algebra presented in this thesis.
The visualisation of rules in data mining is a large and dynamic field in its own right
and although there has been a great deal of research in the visualisation of associations,
there has been little in the area of sequence or episodic mining. Add to this the emerging
field of mining stream data and there is a need to pursue methods and structures for
such visualisations, and as such this thesis also contributes toward research in this
important area of visualisation.
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Pray, Keith A. "Apriori Sets And Sequences: Mining Association Rules from Time Sequence Attributes." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0506104-150831/.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: mining complex data; temporal association rules; computer system performance; stock market analysis; sleep disorder data. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-85).
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Winarko, Edi, and edwin@ugm ac id. "The Discovery and Retrieval of Temporal Rules in Interval Sequence Data." Flinders University. Informatics and Engineering, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080107.164033.
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Data mining is increasingly becoming important tool in extracting interesting knowledge from large databases. Many industries are now using data mining tools for analysing their large collections of databases and making business decisions. Many data mining problems involve temporal aspects, with examples ranging from engineering to scientific research, finance and medicine. Temporal data mining is an extension of data mining which deals with temporal data. Mining temporal data poses more challenges than mining static data. While the analysis of static data sets often comes down to the question of data items, with temporal data there are many additional possible relations.
One of the tasks in temporal data mining is the pattern discovery task, whose objective is to discover time-dependent correlations, patterns or rules between events in large volumes of data. To date, most temporal pattern discovery research has focused on events existing at a point in time rather than over a temporal interval. In comparison to static rules, mining with respect to time points provides semantically richer rules. However, accommodating temporal intervals offers rules that are richer still.
This thesis addresses several issues related to the pattern discovery from interval sequence data. Despite its importance, this area of research has received relatively little attention and there are still many issues that need to be addressed.
Three main issues that this thesis considers include the definition of what constitutes an interesting pattern in interval sequence data, the efficient mining for patterns in the data, and the identification of interesting patterns from a large number of discovered patterns.
In order to deal with these issues, this thesis formulates the problem of discovering rules, which we term richer temporal association rules, from interval sequence databases. Furthermore, this thesis develops an efficient algorithm, ARMADA, for discovering richer temporal association rules. The algorithm does not require candidate generation. It utilizes a simple index, and only requires at most two database scans. In this thesis, a retrieval system is proposed to facilitate the selection of interesting rules from a set of discovered richer temporal association rules. To this end, a high-level query language specification, TAR-QL, is proposed to specify the criteria of the rules to be retrieved from the rule sets. Three low-level methods are developed to evaluate queries involving rule format conditions. In order to improve the performance of the methods, signature file based indexes are proposed. In addition, this thesis proposes the discovery of inter-transaction relative temporal association rules from event sequence databases.
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Kliman, Douglas Hartley. "Rule-based classification of hyper-temporal, multi-spectral satellite imagery for land-cover mapping and monitoring." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187473.
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A rule-based classification model was developed to derive land-cover information from a large set of hyper-temporal, multi-spectral satellite imagery encompassing the state of Arizona. The model uses Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery and the 30-minute digital elevation model (DEM) from the EROS Data Center (EDC) Conterminous U.S. AVHRR Biweekly Composites. Sixty one images from 1990, 1991 and 1992 were analyzed using the Brown & Lowe (1973) Natural Vegetative Communities of Arizona map to identify temporal patterns of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and thermal measurements for 13 land-cover classes. Fifteen characteristic layers were created to represent the spectral, thermal and temporal properties of the data set. These layers were inputs for the rule-based classification model. The model was run on three years of data, creating three single year land-cover maps. The modeling effort showed that NDVI, thermal and DEM characteristics are useful for discerning land-cover classes. The single year land-cover maps showed that the rule-based model could not detect land-cover change between years. The single year maps were combined to create a summary land-cover map. This map differs from the Brown and Lowe map in the shape, proportional size and spatial distribution of land-cover polygons. The rule-based model can discern more land-cover classes than spectral cluster classification. Ground observations and an aerial video was used to assess map accuracy. The same proportion of agreement was observed between the ground observations, the Brown and Lowe map, and the summary land-cover map. Agreement was higher between video and the summary map than between video and the Brown and Lowe map. With further refinements to the input data set, classification model rules and field accuracy assessment, higher levels of agreement can be expected. Overall results show that rule-based classification of hyper-temporal, multi-spectral satellite imagery is a desirable method for mapping global land-cover.
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Bouchacourt, Flora. "Hebbian mechanisms and temporal contiguity for unsupervised task-set learning." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066379/document.
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L'homme est capable d'utiliser des stratégies ou règles concurrentes selon les contraintes environnementales. Nous étudions un modèle plausible pour une tâche nécessitant l'apprentissage de plusieurs règles associant des stimuli visuels à des réponses motrices. Deux réseaux de populations neurales à sélectivité mixte interagissent. Le réseau décisionnel apprend les associations stimulus-réponse une à une, mais ne peut gérer qu'une règle à la fois. Son activité modifie la plasticité synaptique du second réseau qui apprend les statistiques d'évènements sur une échelle de temps plus longue. Lorsque des motifs entre les associations stimulus-réponse sont détectés, un biais d'inférence vers le réseau décisionnel guide le comportement futur. Nous montrons que le mécanisme de Hebb non-supervisé dans le second réseau est suffisant pour l'implémentation des règles. Leur récupération dans le réseau de décision améliore la performance. Le modèle prédit des changements comportementaux en fonction de la séquence des réponses précédentes, dont les effets sur la performance peuvent être positifs ou négatifs. Les prédictions sont confirmées par les données, et permettent d'identifier les sujets ayant appris la structure de la tâche. Le signal d'inférence corrèle avec l'activité BOLD dans le réseau fronto-pariétal. Au sein de ce réseau, les n¿uds préfrontaux dorsomédial et dorsolatéral sont préférentiellement recrutés lorsque les règles sont récurrentes: l'activité dans ces régions pourrait biaiser les circuits de décision lorsqu'une règle est récupérée. Ces résultats montrent que le mécanisme de Hebb peut expliquer l'apprentissage de comportements complexes en contrôle cognitifDepending on environmental demands, humans performing in a given task are able to exploit multiple concurrent strategies, for which the mental representations are called task-sets. We examine a candidate model for a specific human experiment, where several stimulus-response mappings, or task-sets, need to be learned and monitored. The model is composed of two interacting networks of mixed-selective neural populations. The decision network learns stimulus-response associations, but cannot learn more than one task-set. Its activity drives synaptic plasticity in a second network that learns event statistics on a longer timescale. When patterns in stimulus-response associations are detected, an inference bias to the decision network guides successive behavior. We show that a simple unsupervised Hebbian mechanism in the second network is sufficient to learn an implementation of task-sets. Their retrieval in the decision network improves performance. The model predicts abrupt changes in behavior depending on the precise statistics of previous responses, corresponding to positive (task-set retrieval) or negative effects on performance. The predictions are borne out by the data, and enable to identify subjects who have learned the task structure. The inference signal correlates with BOLD activity in the fronto-parietal network. Within this network, dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal nodes are preferentially recruited when task-sets are recurrent: activity in these regions may provide a bias to decision circuits when a task-set is retrieved. These results show that Hebbian mechanisms and temporal contiguity may parsimoniously explain the learning of rule-guided behavior
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Su, Xinyi. "A vertebrate N-end rule conditional protein degradation system and its use in temporal dissection of DNA transactions in a single cell cycle." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612541.
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Gredebäck, Gustaf. "Infants’ Knowledge of Occluded Objects: Evidence of Early Spatiotemporal Representations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Psychology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4058.
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This thesis demonstrates that infants represent temporarily non-visible, or occluded, objects. From 4 months of age, infants could accurately predict the reappearance of a moving object after 660 ms of non visibility; indicating accurate spatiotemporal representations. At this age predictions were dominated by associations between specific events and outcomes (associative rules). Between 6 and 8 months of age predictions became dominated by extrapolations (Study III). From 6 months infants could represent occluded objects for up to 4 seconds. The number of successful predictions decreased, however, if the information contained in the occlusion event diminished (time of accretion and deletion). As infants grew older (up to 12 months) they produced more accurate predictions. (Study II). The similarities between adult and infant performances were numerous (Study I). These conclusion are based on one cross sectional (Study I) and two longitudinal studies (Study II & III) in which an object, a ‘happy face’, moved on circular (Study I, II, & III) and other complex trajectories (Study III). One portion of each trajectory was covered by a screen that blocked the object from sight. In each study participants gaze were recorded with an infrared eye tracking system (ASL 504) and a magnetic head tracker (Flock of Birds). This data was combined with data from the stimulus and stored for of line analysis.
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Osorio, Cañadas Sergio. "Spatio-temporal variability of bee/wasp communities and their host-parasitoid interaction networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457746.
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Uno de los principales objetivos de la ecología es comprender cómo la biodiversidad está estructurada espacial y temporalmente, y cuáles son los mecanismos subyacentes a los gradientes de biodiversidad en diferentes escalas espaciales y temporales. En esta tesis, analizo la variabilidad espacio-temporal de comunidades de abejas/avispas (huéspedes) y de sus parasitoides, y de las redes de interacción huésped-parasitoide que se establecen entre ellas. Las especies de abejas y avispas muestran notables diferencias temporales en su fenología, y, por otro lado, las especies de abejas muestran diferentes capacidades termorreguladoras en relación con su tamaño corporal (cuanto más grandes es una, mayor es su capacidad termoreguladora). Por tanto, se podría hipotetizar una relación entre el tamaño corporal (~’grado de endotermia’) y la temperatura ambiente durante el período de vuelo del adulto. Las comunidades de abejas y avispas también muestran una considerable heterogeneidad espacial en respuesta a sus recursos alimentarios y de nidificación. Estos cambios espacio-temporales en las comunidades de abejas/avispas podrían conllevar cambios en sus ‘rasgos funcionales’, y podrían tener un impacto en sus comunidades de parasitoides y, en consecuencia, esto podría reflejarse en cambios en la estructura de sus redes de interacción y en las funciones ecosistémicas asociadas.
En el capítulo 1 se analizó la relación entre el tamaño corporal y la temperatura a lo largo de un gradiente de temperatura ambiental intra-anual, utilizando una fauna regional de abejas mediterráneas. Esperábamos encontrar especies más grandes (más endotérmicas) en las estaciones más frías, y especies progresivamente más pequeñas hacia estaciones más cálidas. Esto se puede considerar un test a la ‘norma de Bergmann’ a lo largo de un gradiente de temperatura temporal (en lugar de su formulación clásica a lo largo de gradientes geográficos). Encontramos una relación diferente entre el tamaño corporal y la temperatura ambiente de las especies para las abejas grandes ('endotérmicas') y para las pequeñas (ectotérmicas): las especies mayores que 27,81 mg (peso seco) siguieron la norma de Bergmann, mientras que las especies por debajo de este umbral no mostraban ningún patrón. Nuestros resultados extienden la norma de Bergmann a un gradiente temporal y son coherentes con el mecanismo fisiológico propuesto originalmente por el propio Bergmann ("hipótesis termorreguladora").
Para estudiar las redes de interacción huésped-parasitode se utilizaron comunidades de abejas y avispas nidificantes en cavidades preestablecidas (AANCP), que actúan como 'huéspedes', y sus comunidades de parasitoides, en una zona templada (Capítulos 2 y 3).
En el capítulo 2 se estudiaron los efectos de la estacionalidad (primavera vs verano) sobre la estructura y composición taxonómica y funcional de las comunidades de AANCP y de sus parasitoides, y sobre sus redes de interacción. Se encontraron notables cambios estacionales en la estructura taxonómica y funcional, y en la composición tanto de la comunidad de AANCP como de parasitoides. Sin embargo, no encontramos cambios estacionales en el porcentaje de parasitismo, y los pocos cambios estacionales en la estructura de la red de interacción parecían principalmente motivados por cambios en el tamaño de la red.
Por último, en el capítulo 3 se estudiaron los efectos de los factores espaciales locales (ambiente de nidificación: granjas vs agrupaciones de árboles) y paisajísticos (gradiente de cobertura agrícola) sobre la estructura taxonómica y la composición de las comunidades de AANCP y de sus parasitoides, y sobre sus redes de interacción. La estructura y composición de la comunidad AANCP, así como la estructura de la red, fueron mucho más dependientes de los factores locales que de los factores del paisaje. Los hábitats abiertos asociados con explotaciones extensivas favorecen la diversidad local de AANCP (especialmente abejas) lo que origina redes de interacción huésped-parasitoide más complejas en comparación con áreas boscosas.One of the main goals in ecology is to understand how biodiversity is spatial and temporally structured, and which are the mechanisms underlying biodiversity gradients at different spatial and temporal scales. In this thesis, I analyze spatial and temporal variability in bee/wasp (hosts) and their parasitoid communities, and in the antagonistic interaction networks between them. Bees, wasps and their parasitoids are related to key ecosystem functions (e.g., pollination or herbivore populations control). Bee and wasp species show notably seasonal differences in their phenology. Bee species also show different thermoregulatory capabilities in relation with their body size (the bigger the bee species, the more ‘endothermic’ the species are). So, it could be hypothesized a relationship between body size (~endothermic capabilities) and ambient temperature in the period of adult flying activity. Bee and wasp communities also have been shown to be spatially heterogeneous in response to food and nesting resources. Temporal and spatial changes in bee/wasp communities are expected to impact in their parasitoid communities, as they depend on their host communities. Moreover, if host and parasitoid community structure and composition change over space and time, their functional traits, interaction patterns, network structure and ecosystem functionality are also expected to change spatio-temporally. In Chapter 1 we tested the body size-temperature relationship along an intra-annual, seasonal environmental temperature gradient using a Mediterranean regional bee fauna. We expected to find larger bee species (i.e. more endothermic species) in colder seasons, and progressively smaller bee species towards warmer seasons. This approaches to the Bergmann’s rule along a temporal temperature gradient (instead of their classical formulation along geographical gradients). We found a different relationship between body size and ambient temperature for large (‘endothermic’) and small (ectothermic) bee species: species larger than 27.81 mg (dry weight) followed Bergmann’s rule, whereas species below this threshold did not (no relationship at all). Our results extend Bergmann’s rule to a temporal gradient and are coherent with the physiological mechanism proposed originally by Bergmann himself (“thermoregulatory hypothesis”). In order to analyze spatial and temporal variability in antagonistic interaction networks, we used cavity-nesting bees and wasp communities (‘CNBW’, acting as ‘hosts’), and their interacting ‘parasitoid’ communities in a temperate zone (Chapters 2 and 3). In Chapter 2, we studied the effects of seasonality (spring vs. summer) on taxonomic and functional structure and composition of CNBW and their parasitoid communities, and on their interaction networks. We found strong seasonal changes in taxonomic and functional structure and composition of both the CNBW host and their parasitoid communities. However, we did not find seasonal shifts in percent parasitism, and the few seasonal changes in the structure of the host-parasitoid interaction network appeared to be mostly driven by changes in network size. Our results underscore the need to consider functional traits and to incorporate a temporal component into network analysis if we are to understand the global relationship between network structure and ecosystem function. Finally, in Chapter 3 we studied the effects of local (nesting environment: farms vs tree stands) and landscape (forest-cropland gradient) spatial factors on taxonomic structure and composition of CNBW hos and their parasitoid communities, and on their interaction networks. CNBW host community structure and composition, as well as network structure, were much more dependent on local than on landscape factors. Open habitats associated with extensively farmed exploitations favor local CNBW diversity (especially bees) and result in more complex host–parasitoid interaction networks in comparison to forested areas. This study highlights the conservation value of this kind of open habitat in view of the progressive abandonment of extensively cultivated farmland in favor of agricultural intensification and reforestation taking place in Europe.
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Sammouri, Wissam. "Data mining of temporal sequences for the prediction of infrequent failure events : application on floating train data for predictive maintenance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1041/document.
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De nos jours, afin de répondre aux exigences économiques et sociales, les systèmes de transport ferroviaire ont la nécessité d'être exploités avec un haut niveau de sécurité et de fiabilité. On constate notamment un besoin croissant en termes d'outils de surveillance et d'aide à la maintenance de manière à anticiper les défaillances des composants du matériel roulant ferroviaire. Pour mettre au point de tels outils, les trains commerciaux sont équipés de capteurs intelligents envoyant des informations en temps réel sur l'état de divers sous-systèmes. Ces informations se présentent sous la forme de longues séquences temporelles constituées d'une succession d'événements. Le développement d'outils d'analyse automatique de ces séquences permettra d'identifier des associations significatives entre événements dans un but de prédiction d'événement signant l'apparition de défaillance grave. Cette thèse aborde la problématique de la fouille de séquences temporelles pour la prédiction d'événements rares et s'inscrit dans un contexte global de développement d'outils d'aide à la décision. Nous visons à étudier et développer diverses méthodes pour découvrir les règles d'association entre événements d'une part et à construire des modèles de classification d'autre part. Ces règles et/ou ces classifieurs peuvent ensuite être exploités pour analyser en ligne un flux d'événements entrants dans le but de prédire l'apparition d'événements cibles correspondant à des défaillances. Deux méthodologies sont considérées dans ce travail de thèse: La première est basée sur la recherche des règles d'association, qui est une approche temporelle et une approche à base de reconnaissance de formes. Les principaux défis auxquels est confronté ce travail sont principalement liés à la rareté des événements cibles à prédire, la redondance importante de certains événements et à la présence très fréquente de "bursts". Les résultats obtenus sur des données réelles recueillies par des capteurs embarqués sur une flotte de trains commerciaux permettent de mettre en évidence l'efficacité des approches proposéesIn order to meet the mounting social and economic demands, railway operators and manufacturers are striving for a longer availability and a better reliability of railway transportation systems. Commercial trains are being equipped with state-of-the-art onboard intelligent sensors monitoring various subsystems all over the train. These sensors provide real-time flow of data, called floating train data, consisting of georeferenced events, along with their spatial and temporal coordinates. Once ordered with respect to time, these events can be considered as long temporal sequences which can be mined for possible relationships. This has created a neccessity for sequential data mining techniques in order to derive meaningful associations rules or classification models from these data. Once discovered, these rules and models can then be used to perform an on-line analysis of the incoming event stream in order to predict the occurrence of target events, i.e, severe failures that require immediate corrective maintenance actions. The work in this thesis tackles the above mentioned data mining task. We aim to investigate and develop various methodologies to discover association rules and classification models which can help predict rare tilt and traction failures in sequences using past events that are less critical. The investigated techniques constitute two major axes: Association analysis, which is temporal and Classification techniques, which is not temporal. The main challenges confronting the data mining task and increasing its complexity are mainly the rarity of the target events to be predicted in addition to the heavy redundancy of some events and the frequent occurrence of data bursts. The results obtained on real datasets collected from a fleet of trains allows to highlight the effectiveness of the approaches and methodologies used
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Matthews, Stephen. "Learning lost temporal fuzzy association rules." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/8257.
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Fuzzy association rule mining discovers patterns in transactions, such as shopping baskets in a supermarket, or Web page accesses by a visitor to a Web site. Temporal patterns can be present in fuzzy association rules because the underlying process generating the data can be dynamic. However, existing solutions may not discover all interesting patterns because of a previously unrecognised problem that is revealed in this thesis. The contextual meaning of fuzzy association rules changes because of the dynamic feature of data. The static fuzzy representation and traditional search method are inadequate. The Genetic Iterative Temporal Fuzzy Association Rule Mining (GITFARM) framework solves the problem by utilising flexible fuzzy representations from a fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS). The combination of temporal, fuzzy and itemset space was simultaneously searched with a genetic algorithm (GA) to overcome the problem. The framework transforms the dataset to a graph for efficiently searching the dataset. A choice of model in fuzzy representation provides a trade-off in usage between an approximate and descriptive model. A method for verifying the solution to the hypothesised problem was presented. The proposed GA-based solution was compared with a traditional approach that uses an exhaustive search method. It was shown how the GA-based solution discovered rules that the traditional approach did not. This shows that simultaneously searching for rules and membership functions with a GA is a suitable solution for mining temporal fuzzy association rules. So, in practice, more knowledge can be discovered for making well-informed decisions that would otherwise be lost with a traditional approach.
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Chen, Xiaodong. "Temporal data mining : algorithms, language and system for temporal association rules." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297977.
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Studies on data mining are being pursued in many different research areas, such as Machine Learning, Statistics, and Databases. The work presented in this thesis is based on the database perspective of data mining. The main focuses are on the temporal aspects of data mining problems, especially association rule discovery, and issues on the integration of data mining and database systems. Firstly, a theoretical framework for temporal data mining is proposed in this thesis. Within this framework, not only potential patterns but also temporal features associated with the patterns are expected to be discovered. Calendar time expressions are suggested to represent temporal features and the minimum frequency of patterns is introduced as a new threshold in the model of temporal data mining. The framework also emphasises the necessary components to support temporal data mining tasks. As a specialisation of the proposed framework, the problem of mining temporal association rules is investigated. The methodology adopted in this thesis is eventually discovering potential temporal rules by alternatively using special search techniques for various restricted problems in an interactive and iterative process. Three forms of interesting mining tasks for temporal association rules with certain constraints are identified. These tasks are the discovery of valid time periods of association rules, the discovery of periodicities of association rules, and the discovery of association rules with temporal features. The search techniques and algorithms for those individual tasks are developed and presented in this thesis. Finally, an integrated query and mining system (IQMS) is presented in this thesis, covering the description of an interactive query and mining interface (IQMI) supplied by the IQMS system, the presentation of an SQL-like temporal mining language (TML) with the ability to express various data mining tasks for temporal association rules, and the suggestion of an IQMI-based interactive data mining process. The implementation of this system demonstrates an alternative approach for the integration of the DBMS and data mining functions.
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Tully, Philip. "Spike-Based Bayesian-Hebbian Learning in Cortical and Subcortical Microcircuits." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Beräkningsvetenskap och beräkningsteknik (CST), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205568.
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Cortical and subcortical microcircuits are continuously modified throughout life. Despite ongoing changes these networks stubbornly maintain their functions, which persist although destabilizing synaptic and nonsynaptic mechanisms should ostensibly propel them towards runaway excitation or quiescence. What dynamical phenomena exist to act together to balance such learning with information processing? What types of activity patterns do they underpin, and how do these patterns relate to our perceptual experiences? What enables learning and memory operations to occur despite such massive and constant neural reorganization? Progress towards answering many of these questions can be pursued through large-scale neuronal simulations. In this thesis, a Hebbian learning rule for spiking neurons inspired by statistical inference is introduced. The spike-based version of the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) learning rule involves changes in both synaptic strengths and intrinsic neuronal currents. The model is motivated by molecular cascades whose functional outcomes are mapped onto biological mechanisms such as Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, neuromodulation, and intrinsic excitability. Temporally interacting memory traces enable spike-timing dependence, a stable learning regime that remains competitive, postsynaptic activity regulation, spike-based reinforcement learning and intrinsic graded persistent firing levels. The thesis seeks to demonstrate how multiple interacting plasticity mechanisms can coordinate reinforcement, auto- and hetero-associative learning within large-scale, spiking, plastic neuronal networks. Spiking neural networks can represent information in the form of probability distributions, and a biophysical realization of Bayesian computation can help reconcile disparate experimental observations.QC 20170421
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Calardo, Erica. "Inference Rules in some temporal multi-epistemic propositional logics." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/323602/.
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Multi-modal logics are among the best tools developed so far to analyse human reasoning and agents’ interactions. Recently multi-modal logics have found several applications in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Science (CS) in the attempt to formalise reasoning about the behavior of programs. Modal logics deal with sentences that are qualified by modalities. A modality is any word that could be added to a statement p to modify its mode of truth. Temporal logics are obtained by joining tense operators to the classical propositional calculus, giving rise to a language very effective to describe the flow of time. Epistemic logics are suitable to formalize reasoning about agents possessing a certain knowledge. Combinations of temporal and epistemic logics are particularly effective in describing the interaction of agents through the flow of time. Although not yet fully investigated, this approach has found many fruitful applications. These are concerned with the development of systems modelling reasoning about knowledge and space, reasoning under uncertainty, multi-agent reasoning et c. Despite their power, multi modal languages cannot handle a changing environment. But this is exactly what is required in the case of human reasoning, computation and multi-agent environment. For this purpose, inference rules are a core instrument. So far, the research in this field has investigated many modal and superintuitionistic logics. However, for the case of multi-modal logics, not much is known concerning admissible inference rules. In our research we extend the investigation to some multi-modal propositional logics which combine tense and knowledge modalities. As far as we are concerned, these systems have never been investigated before. In particular we start by defining our systems semantically; further we prove such systems to enjoy the effective finite model property and to be decidable with respect to their admissible inference rules. We turn then our attention to the syntactical side and we provide sound and complete axiomatic systems. We conclude our dissertation by introducing the reader to the piece of research we are currently working on. Our original results can be found in [9, 4, 11] (see Appendix A). They have also been presented by the author at some international conferences and schools (see [8, 10, 5, 7, 6] and refer to Appendix B for more details). Our project concerns philosophy, mathematics, AI and CS. Modern applications of logic in CS and AI often require languages able to represent knowledge about dynamic systems. Multi-modal logics serve these applications in a very efficient way, and we would absorb and develop some of these techniques to represent logical consequences in artificial intelligence and computation.
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Zhao, Yi. "Discovery of temporal association rules in multivariate time series." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31576.
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This thesis focuses on mining association rules on multivariate time series. Com-mon association rule mining algorithms can usually only be applied to transactional data, and a typical application is market basket analysis. If we want to mine temporal association rules on time series data, changes need to be made. During temporal association rule mining, the temporal ordering nature of data and the temporal interval between the left and right patterns of a rule need to be considered. This thesis reviews some mining methods for temporal association rule mining, and proposes two similar algorithms for the mining of frequent patterns in single and multivariate time series. Both algorithms are scalable and efficient. In addition, temporal association rules are generated from the patterns found. Finally, the usability and efficiency of the algorithms are demonstrated by evaluating the results.
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TATAVARTY, GIRIDHAR. "FINDING TEMPORAL ASSOCIATION RULES BETWEEN FREQUENT PATTERNS IN MULTIVARIATE TIME SERIES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1141325950.
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Goler, Isil. "Pattern Extraction By Using Both Spatial And Temporal Features On Turkish Meteorological Data." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612877/index.pdf.
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With the growth in the size of datasets, data mining has been an important research topic and is receiving substantial interest from both academia and industry for many years. Especially, spatio-temporal data mining, mining knowledge from large amounts of spatio-temporal data, is a highly demanding field because huge amounts of spatio-temporal data are collected in various applications. Therefore, spatio-temporal data mining requires the development of novel data mining algorithms and computational techniques for a successful analysis of large spatio-temporal databases. In this thesis, a spatio-temporal mining technique is proposed and applied on Turkish meteorological data which has been collected from various weather stations in Turkey. This study also includes an analysis and interpretation of spatio-temporal rules generated for Turkish Meteorological data set. We introduce a second level mining technique which is used to define general trends of the patterns according to the spatial changes. Genarated patterns are investigated under different temporal sets in order to monitor the changes of the events with respect to temporal changes.
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Macho, Pérez Ana Belén. "El principio de irretroactividad en derecho tributario." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7308.
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El estudio de la retroactividad y de sus límites constituye un tema clásico y fundamental de Derecho tributario, sometido en la actualidad a un intenso debate, como demuestra la abundante jurisprudencia constitucional y europea existente sobre el tema. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis sistemático del principio de irretroactividad en Derecho tributario en los planos de la aplicación y la producción de normas tributarias - como regla general supletoria y como principio constitucional vinculante para leyes y reglamentos -, distinguiendo en función del carácter sustantivo, procedimental o sancionador de la norma. La investigación - de marcado carácter interdisciplinar y de Derecho comparado - se ocupa de la noción de retroactividad, el Derecho transitorio y los límites constitucionales a la retroactividad tributaria, completándose con un análisis de la retroactividad de actos y sentencias, con especial referencia a los efectos en el tiempo de las declaraciones de inconstitucionalidad de leyes tributarias..The study of retroactivity and its boundaries constitutes a classic and fundamental issue in Tax Law. Nowadays, this topic is subject to an intensive debate regarding how it proves the prolific constitutional and European case law related to the matter. This study carries out a systematic analysis of the non-retroactive principle in Tax Law, in the fields of application and production of tax norms - as a general supplementary rule and as a constitutional principle - whilst at the same time distinguishing between the substantive, procedural and penal character. The investigation (which has an interdisciplinary and internationally comparative law nature) deals with the retroactivity notion, grandfathering and with the constitutional boundaries of the tax retroactivity effect. Concurrently, the study is complemented with the analysis of the retroactivity of administrative acts and court decisions, with special reference to the temporal effects of the declaration of an anti-constitutional character of tax laws
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Huang, Zhongdong. "RULES BASED MODELING OF DISCRETE EVENT SYSTEMS WITH FAULTS AND THEIR DIAGNOSIS." UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/340.
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Failure diagnosis in large and complex systems is a critical task. In the realm of discrete event systems, Sampath et al. proposed a language based failure diagnosis approach. They introduced the diagnosability for discrete event systems and gave a method for testing the diagnosability by first constructing a diagnoser for the system. The complexity of this method of testing diagnosability is exponential in the number of states of the system and doubly exponential in the number of failure types. In this thesis, we give an algorithm for testing diagnosability that does not construct a diagnoser for the system, and its complexity is of 4th order in the number of states of the system and linear in the number of the failure types. In this dissertation we also study diagnosis of discrete event systems (DESs) modeled in the rule-based modeling formalism introduced in [12] to model failure-prone systems. The results have been represented in [43]. An attractive feature of rule-based model is it's compactness (size is polynomial in number of signals). A motivation for the work presented is to develop failure diagnosis techniques that are able to exploit this compactness. In this regard, we develop symbolic techniques for testing diagnosability and computing a diagnoser. Diagnosability test is shown to be an instance of 1st order temporal logic model-checking. An on-line algorithm for diagnosersynthesis is obtained by using predicates and predicate transformers. We demonstrate our approach by applying it to modeling and diagnosis of a part of the assembly-line. When the system is found to be not diagnosable, we use sensor refinement and sensor augmentation to make the system diagnosable. In this dissertation, a controller is also extracted from the maximally permissive supervisor for the purpose of implementing the control by selecting, when possible, only one controllable event from among the ones allowed by the supervisor for the assembly line in automaton models.
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Wannous, Rouaa. "Computational inference of conceptual trajectory model : considering domain temporal and spatial dimensions." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS023/document.
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Le développement de technologies comme les systèmes de positionnement par satellites (GNSS), les communications sans fil, les systèmes de radio-identification (RFID) et des capteurs a augmenté la disponibilité de données spatio-temporelles décrivant des trajectoires d’objets mobiles. Des bases de données relationnelles peuvent être utilisées pour stocker et questionner les données capturées. Des applications récentes montrent l’intérêt d’une approche intégrant des trajectoires « sémantiques » pour intégrer des connaissances sur les comportements d’objets mobiles. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche basée sur des ontologies. Nous présentons une ontologie pour les trajectoires. Nous appliquons notre approche à l’étude des trajectoires de mammifères marins. Pour permettre l’exploitation de nos connaissances sur les trajectoires, nous considérons l’objet mobile, des relations temporelles et spatiales dans notre ontologie. Nous avons évalué la complexité du mécanisme d’inférence et nous proposons des optimisations, comme l’utilisation d’un voisinage temporel et spatial. Nous proposons également une optimisation liée à notre application. Finalement, nous évaluons notre contribution et les résultats montrent l’impact positif de la réduction de la complexité du mécanisme d’inférence. Ces améliorations réduisent de moitié le temps de calcul et permettent de manipuler des données de plus grande dimensionSpatio-temporal data describing trajectories of moving objects has increased as a consequence of the larger availability of such data due to current sensors techniques. These devices use different technologies like global navigation satellite system (GNSS), wireless communication, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and sensors techniques. Although capturing technologies differ, the captured data has common spatial and temporal features. Thus, relational database management systems (RDBMS) can be used to store and query the captured data. RDBMS define spatial data types and spatial operations. Recent applications show that the solutions based on traditional data models are not sufficient to consider complex use cases that require advanced data models. A complex use case refers not only to data, but also to the domain expert knowledge and others. An inference mechanism enriches semantic trajectories with this knowledge. Temporal and spatial reasoning are fundamental for the inference mechanism on semantic trajectories. Several research fields are currently focusing on semantic trajectories to discover more information about mobile object behavior. In this thesis, we propose a modeling approach based on ontologies. We introduce a high-level trajectory ontology. The temporal and spatial parts form an implicit background of the trajectory model. So, we choose temporal and spatial models to be integrated with our trajectory model. We apply our modeling approach to a particular domain application : marine mammal trajectories. Therefore, we model this application and integrate it with our ontology. We implement our approach using RDF. Technically, we use Oracle Semantic Data Technologies. To accomplish reasoning over trajectories, we consider mobile objects, temporal and spatial knowledge in our ontology. Our approach demonstrates how temporal and spatial relationships that are common in natural language expressions (i.e., relations between time intervals like ”before”, ”after”, etc.) are represented in the ontology as user-defined rules. To annotate data with this kind of rules, we need an inference mechanism over trajectory ontology. Experiments over our model using the temporal and spatial reasoning address an inference computation complexity. This complexity is indicated in term of time computations and space storage. In order to reduce the inference complexity, we propose optimizations, such as domain constraints, temporal and spatial neighbor refinements. Moreover, controlling the repetition of the inference computation is also proposed. Even more, we define a refinement specifically for the application domain. Finally, we evaluate our contribution. Results show their positive impact on reducing the complexity of the inference mechanism. These refinements reduce half of the time computation and allow considering bigger size of the data
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Dernaïka, Farah. "A posteriori log analysis and security rules violation detection." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0210.
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Dans certains environnements sensibles, tels que le domaine de la santé, où les utilisateurs sont généralement de confiance et où des évènements particuliers peuvent se produire, comme les situations d’urgence, les contrôles de sécurité mis en place dans les systèmes d’information correspondants ne doivent pas bloquer certaines décisions et actions des utilisateurs. Cela pourrait avoir des conséquences graves. En revanche, il est important de pouvoir identifier et tracer ces actions et ces décisions afin de détecter d’éventuelles violations de la politique de sécurité mise en place et fixer les responsibilités. Ces fonctionnalités sont assurées par le contrôle d’accès à posteriori qui se base un mécanisme de monitoring à partir des logs. Dans la littérature, ce type de contrôle de sécurité a été divisé en trois étapes qui sont : le traitement des logs, l’analyse des logs, et l’imputabilité. Dans cette thèse, nous couvrons ces trois domaines du contrôle d’accès à posteriori en apportant de nouvelles solutions, et nous introduisons des nouveaux aspects qui n’avaient pas été abordés auparavantIn certain sensitive environments, such as the healthcare domain, where users are generally trusted and where particular events may occur, such as emergencies, the implemented security controls in the corresponding information systems should not block certain decisions and actions of users. This could have serious consequences. Indeed, it is important to be able to identify and trace these actions and decisions in order to detect possible violations of the security policy put in place and fix responsibilities. These functions are ensured by the a posteriori access control that lies on a monitoring mechanism based on logs. In the literature, this type of access control hasbeen divided into three stages: log processing, log analysis, and accountability. In this thesis, we cover these three areas of the a posteriori access control by providing new solutions, and we introduce new aspects that have not been addressed before
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Soltan, mohammadi Mojdeh. "Supervision de comportements remarquables d'objets mobiles à partir du suivi et de l'analyse de leurs trajectoires." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS086.
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L’évolution des référentiels spatio-temporels et les dernières avancées des systèmes d’information géographique ont favorisé l’apparition de nouveaux types de services et d’applications liés à la localisation et à la mobilité d’entités d’intérêt dont la supervision et le contrôle d’objets mobiles en temps réel.Ces constats nous ont conduit à nous intéresser en tout premier lieu aux évolutions des objets qui peuvent être envisagées sous forme de trajectoires et offrent de nouvelles perspectives quant à l’analyse en temps réel de leurs comportements particuliers individuels et/ou collectifs.Dans le contexte industriel de l’entreprise Intactile Design, un enjeu majeur émerge : il s’agit de mettre à la disposition de tout expert, amené à prendre une décision au cours d’opérations de surveillance, le plus d'informations possibles relatives au contexte environnant les objets mobiles afin d’en extraire celles permettant la détection de comportements remarquables.L’objectif est donc d'analyser et d'exploiter la masse de données acquises à partir du suivi d'objets mobiles de divers types, et plongés dans des contextes différents de supervision. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une approche générique déclinable sur divers cas de supervision partant de l'hypothèse qui consiste à envisager, pour tout objet mobile, une seule et même trajectoire tout au long de sa vie.L'une des problématiques principales de cette recherche relève des difficultés d'interprétation des données recueillies en temps réel issues de l'observation des objets. En effet celles-ci sont massives, de compositions variables et parfois incomplètes, possiblement redondantes, voire sémantiquement hétérogènes. L'idée est de s’affranchir du manque de sémantique contextuelle et de l’absence de maîtrise des informations liées à l’analyse et à l’exploitation de ces données.L’approche consiste à proposer le recours à une ontologie cadre à des fins d’enrichissements des observations et analyses, et ce pour aider à la détection de comportements d'objets mobiles. L’ontologie cadre représente l'objet mobile et sa trajectoire au sein de tout contexte de supervision et ce de manière générique. Ce modèle s'inspire de travaux existants autour de la modélisation de données spatiales comme temporelles et les étend pour répondre à la spécificité de l’analyse sémantique en temps réel de la mobilité des objets. Pour rendre compte de la spécificité des différents contextes de supervision, l'ontologie est complétée par des règles métiers construites avec l'aide des experts du domaine. L'idée est tout à la fois de disposer d'une représentation de connaissances la plus expressive possible sans augmenter pour autant le coût du raisonnement ; et de rendre l'approche adaptable à toute thématique liée à la supervision.L'approche modulaire spécifiée a ensuite été mise en application au sein d'un prototype logiciel général qui fonctionne comme un système à base de connaissances. Il assure la structuration, enrichissement, extraction et analyse spatio-temporelle des connaissances conformes à notre modèle ontologique et donc offre les éléments nécessaires à la compréhension de comportements remarquables définis par les experts des domaines ciblés.Nous illustrons notre approche au travers d’un cas d’étude concret relatif au domaine des systèmes de supervision des opérations de défense terrestreThe recent evolution of gazetteers and the latest advances in geographic information systems have promoted new types of services related to the location and mobility of entities of interest, including the real-time supervision and control of moving objects.On the strength of these facts, we are considering the motion of an object based on its trajectory (i.e., the path followed by this object in motion). At our sense, the modeling of trajectories of a number of moving objects offers new insights into real-time analysis of their individual and/or group specific behaviors.Within the industrial context of the company Intactile Design, enhancing decision making in real time for supervision purposes, turns out to be a major challenge. At the same time, much emphasis is being placed on making sure any accessible data, related to the context of the moving objects, are available to experts in order to fully support decision making processes. More importantly, the key idea is to find a strategy that enhances capabilities of detecting unusual behaviors whilst integrating some kind of valuable information related to the context.Consequently, the main objective is to collect and analyze all of the data acquired from the tracking of many different types of moving objects in a variety of supervision contexts.At this effect, we propose a generic and innovative approach that can be applied to any case of supervision based on the assumption that considers for every mobile object, a single and unique trajectory constantly changing over time.One of the main obstacles of this research is the difficulty of real-time interpreting of all of the collected data as these data are mostly complex, voluminous, semantically heterogeneous and incomplete.In this way, the idea is to overcome the lack of contextual semantics (i.e., semantics captured from the observations of the objects evolving within their contexts).To address these challenges, we propose a top domain ontology for moving objects and their trajectories, which is expressed in OWL 2 DL. The ontology attempts to describe the starting categories for the field of mobility and therefore is applicable to all supervision and control contexts.Additionally, this ontology is building upon a few number of existing ontologies that all refer to spatio-temporal knowledge, including GeoSPARQL and OWL Time.Moreover, the ontology and a set of business rules, provided by the experts on a domain of interest, are combined to fully capture the contextual semantics of the domain under consideration.The aim is double: on one side, to benefit from a knowledge representation as expressive as possible that offers a cost-effective reasoning, and on the other side to efficiently adapt the approach to any context related to supervision.Our modular approach is implemented through a general software prototype that runs as a knowledge-based system.The prototype ensures the sustainability, extraction and spatio-temporal reasoning of information that complies with our ontology, and therefore it offers the necessary elements to understand behaviors defined by the experts of the targeted areas.We illustrate our approach through a concrete case study of monitoring systems dedicated to land defense
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MACEDO, Pietro Menezes Sanchez. "Ajuste no fator C da RUSLE e avalia??o temporal da cobertura e perda de solo estimada na bacia hidrogr?fica de Palmares- Ribeir?o do Saco/RJ." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2137.
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FAPERJThe importance of studying soils in order to preserve its functions includes conservation efforts whose goal is to ensure preservation of natural resources for future generations. This study works with the scientific hypothesis that changes in vegetation cover in the watershed of Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, Rio de Janeiro State, in the period of 2009-2015, favored the erosion reduction in this area. To verify this trend an estimate of soil losses was made with use of RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) which allows generating information to build up management plans to secure agricultural production, and to preserve natural resources of the region. Thus, the objective was to develop a methodology for assessment of vegetation affected by seasonality and able to reduce erosion, based on the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in order to reduce part of values overestimation associated to errors in the RUSLE model. As secondary objective, to compare estimates of erosion and natural erosion potential (NEP) in the period of 2009-2015 with those obtained in the period of 1986-2009, in order to verify environmental impacts in the watershed. The area studied was the watershed of Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, located between the municipalities of Paty do Alferes and Miguel Pereira in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Even without the adoption of conservation practices by some of the region farmers, the general aspect of data provided by RUSLE and the NEP in recent years has shown that soil losses are tending to decrease, mainly due to the low recorded rainfall indexes, implying at low erosivity values.
A import?ncia do estudo dos solos a fim de preservar suas fun??es compreende os esfor?os conservacionistas que tem por meta garantir a persist?ncia dos recursos naturais para as gera??es futuras. O presente estudo trabalha com a hip?tese cient?fica de que a evolu??o da cobertura vegetal na bacia hidrogr?fica de Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, ocorrida no per?odo 2009-2015, favoreceu a redu??o do processo erosivo na bacia. Para averiguar tal tend?ncia foi feita a estimativa da perda de solo com uso da RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) que possibilita gerar informa??es para montar planos de manejo que visem garantir a produ??o agr?cola preservando os recursos naturais da regi?o. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal foi desenvolver uma metodologia para avalia??o da vegeta??o afetada pela sazonalidade capaz de reduzir processos erosivos, com base no NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) a fim de reduzir parte das superestimativas associadas ao erro no modelo da RUSLE. E como objetivo secund?rio comparar as estimativas do processo erosivo e o potencial natural de eros?o (PNE) no per?odo 2009-2015 com aquelas obtidas no per?odo 1986-2009, com intuito de verificar os impactos ambientais ocorridos na bacia hidrogr?fica. A ?rea utilizada como objeto de estudo foi ? bacia hidrogr?fica de Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, situada entre os munic?pios de Paty do Alferes e Miguel Pereira no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Mesmo sem haver a ado??o de pr?ticas conservacionistas por partes dos produtores na regi?o, o aspecto geral dos dados fornecidos pela RUSLE e o PNE dos ?ltimos anos revelou que as perdas de solo est?o tendendo ? redu??o, sobretudo por conta dos baixos ?ndices pluviom?tricos registrados, implicando em valores baixos de erosividade.
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Nordhall, Ola. "Time on My Mind and My Moral Judgment : Effects of Time Perspective and Temporal Distance on Moral Judgment." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14249.
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The present study examined the effect of Time Perspective (TP), i.e. cognitive arrangement of the human experiences into temporal dimensions, and Temporal Distance (TD), i.e. the perceived proximity of an event in time, on moral judgment. The study included 132 participants that completed the Swedish version of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) and made moral judgments of transgression of ethical rules depicted in the near vs. distant future. A main effect of TP was revealed meaning that transgression of ethical rules, as predicted, was judged more immoral by Past-Positive and Future orientation compared to Present-Hedonistic and Past-Negative orientation. No main effect of TD was revealed. The interaction of TP x TD was significant and in the predicted direction, but only Present-Hedonistic orientation was significantly affected by TD: distant compared to near future scenarios were judged less immoral by this TP. Importance, limitations and elaborations of the present study were discussed.I föreliggande studie undersöktes hur Tidsperspektiv (TP), d.v.s. kognitivt inordnande av mänskliga erfarenher i tidsmässiga dimensioner, och Tidmässigt Avstånd (TA), d.v.s. upplevd närhet av händelser i tid, påverkar moralisk bedömning. Studien omfattade 132 deltagare, vilka fyllde i den svenska versionen av Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) och gjorde moraliska bedömningar av överträdelser av etiska regler framställda i en nära vs. avlägsen framtid. En huvudeffekt av TP framkom, vilken innebar att överträdelse av etiska regler bedömdes som mer omoraliskt utifrån Positiv-Dåtidsorientering och Framtidsorientering jämfört med Hedonistisk-Nutidsorientering och Negativ-Dåtidsorientering. Ingen huvudeffekt av TA framkom. Interaktionen mellan TP och TA var signifikant och i linje med prediktionerna även om endast Hedonistisk-Nutidsorientering påverkades signifikant av TA: tidsmässigt avlägsna vs. närliggande scenarion bedömdes som mindre omoraliska utifrån detta TP. Vikten av studien samt begränsningar och tänkbara uppföljningar av studien diskuteras också.
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Cojuharenco, Irina. "On the evaluation of temporally extended experiences." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7354.
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La evaluación de las experiencias extendidas en el tiempo se puede hacer de muchas formas. El paradigma --hedometer' en economía sugiere que la evaluación global de la experiencia se puede explicar por las impresiones de satisfacción durante la experiencia. Hay una creciente evidencia empírica sobre una simple ley de Pico-Final. Se ha demostrado que el Pico (la impresión mas extrema) y el Final (la ultima impresión) pueden explicar la evaluación global de la experiencia sin tener en cuenta las demás impresiones. Presento pruebas empíricas de la ley de Pico-Final utilizando datos recolectados en estudios de campo en aulas universitarias y en estudios de laboratorio con imágenes afectivas, e investigo, además, la capacidad de esta ley de explicar la intensidad del estado de animo posterior a la experiencia. Revelo, utilizando una novedosa tarea de estimación intuitiva, las opiniones de las personas sobre la composición de las evaluaciones globales de las experiencias. Finalmente, demuestro las condiciones que dificultan el aprendizaje de la ley Pico-Final, lo que explica porque las personas creen que sus evaluaciones globales representan el promedio de todas las impresiones sin excepción.There are different ways of evaluating experiences lived across time. The --hedometer' paradigm in economics suggests that momentary impressions determine overall evaluations of experiences. There is a mounting empirical evidence for a simple Peak-End rule. Peak (the most extreme) and End (the very last) impressions have been shown to explain overall evaluations without the need to account for other impressions. I test the Peak-End rule using field data from university classrooms and lab data from image-viewing experiments, as well as explore its ability to predict post-experience mood valence. I elicit, using a novel guessing task, lay intuitions about overall evaluations of experiences. Finally, I demonstrate why decision-makers may find it difficult to learn the Peak-End rule and believe rather, that overall evaluations reflect average impressions.
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Omoruyi, Aisosa Jennifer. "Forced sterilisation as a continuing violation of human rights in Africa: Possibilities and challenges." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8124.
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Doctor Legum - LLDInternational standards recognise the basic right of all women and girls to make free choices about reproduction including the number if any, spacing and timing of their children without being subjected to discrimination, coercion, or violence. The enjoyment of this right by many women in the world has overtime been interfered with through forced sterilisation which has a salient history beginning with the eugenics movement in the 20th century indicating a disproportionate impact on the poor, ethnic minorities, women with disabilities, transgender group, as well as women living with HIV.
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Alfonsi, Elsa. "Processus d’assemblage des communautés végétales dans les zones humides de Gironde : du diagnostic aux services écosystémiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0092/document.
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Les zones humides sont des écosystèmes dynamiques en perpétuel changement, dans le temps et dans l'espace et demeurent parmi les plus menacés au monde. Ce travail de thèse est une contribution à la connaissance et la conservation des zones humides. Nous avons étudié la végétation de différents milieux, appartenant à un réseau de zones humides de Gironde, allant des landes humides aux prairies alluviales. Nous les avons choisies pour leur intérêt patrimonial et les enjeux de gestion qu'elles représentent dans le département. Nous avons utilisé plusieurs approches descriptives et expérimentales. La première partie vise à étudier l’organisation des communautés des deux grands systèmes, les landes humides et les prairies alluviales, le long de gradients environnementaux. Dans un deuxième temps, une approche combinant données anciennes et récentes, nous a permis de caractériser les changements de végétation à long terme selon différentes stratégies d’étude de la végétation. La troisième partie, par une approche expérimentale a été conduite sur une communauté végétale à fort enjeu patrimonial : les prairies à Molinie (code 6410 de la Directive Natura 2000). Cette troisième partie a permis de mettre en évidence la part respective des filtres stochastiques (dispersion de graines) et déterministes (compétition) dans une communauté soumise à de fortes contraintes environnementales (inondation). Enfin, dans une analyse prospective, nous avons considéré les enjeux de biodiversité ainsi que les services écosystémiques, cette fois, à l'échelle du département. Cette analyse envisage les outils à développer pour une approche multi-taxon et multi-services sur l'ensemble des zones humides de Gironde. L’ensemble de ce travail a permis de construire un dispositif de suivi de la biodiversité végétale au niveau départemental. Les résultats de ce travail contribuent aujourd’hui à considérer la gestion de ces communautés végétales de façon intégrée et proposent des outils d’aide à la décision pour la gestion de ces espacesWetlands are dynamic ecosystems, constantly changing in time and space, and remaining among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. This thesis contribute to wetland knowledge and conservation. We studied the vegetation of different communities belonging to a network of wetlands in Gironde and ranging from wet heathlands to alluvial meadows. Wetlands were selected from the department council historical interest and management issues. We used several descriptive and experimental approaches. The first part aims to study the organization of the communities of the two major systems, heathlands and alluvial grasslands, along environmental gradients. Then, in a second time, an approach combining old and recent data allowed us to characterize long-term vegetation changes according to different strategies of vegetation study. The third part was conducted on a plant community with a strong conservation issue: Molinia caerulea wet meadow (Code 6410 of the Natura 2000 Directive) with an experimental approach. We highlight here the importance of stochastic filters (seed dispersion) and deterministic filters (competition) in a community controlled by environmental constraints (flooding). Finally, within a prospective analysis, we considered biodiversity issues and supply in ecosystems services at the departmental level. This analysis investigate tools to develop for a multi-taxon and multi-service approach in any Gironde wetlands. This work allowed us to create a monitoring device for plant biodiversity in the department. These results lead to consider nowadays the management of these plant communities in an integrated way and offer tools of decision support for the management of these communities
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Rocha, Junior Luis Clóvis Machado da. "A superação da regra da invalidade Ex Tunc do ato inconstitucional : critérios formais e materiais para a modulação dos efeitos temporais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132824.
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Este trabalho estuda e define a norma-sanção de invalidade do ato inconstitucional e os critérios formais e materiais de superação desta norma-regra, a partir da interpretação do art. 27 da Lei 9.868 de 1999. Diferenciam-se a inconstitucionalidade (vicio) e invalidade (sanção) como dois momentos distintos no controle de constitucionalidade. Distinguem-se as diversas sanções à inconstitucionalidade, destacando a sanção de invalidade, a qual incide apenas sobre o ato inconstitucional, com ordinária eficácia temporal ex tunc. A sanção é norma jurídica fundamentada na própria norma constitucional violada, dirigida ao julgador com o conteúdo de invalidar os efeitos jurídicos e fáticos do ato inconstitucional, daí a dispensabilidade de se discutir se se trata de nulidade ou de anulabilidade. É norma-regra, e não princípio jurídico, porque contém um mandamento descrito, de caráter imediatamente comportamental, cujo fim imediato é reafirmar a validade, vigência e eficácia da norma constitucional violada e o fim mediato é reafirmar a supremacia da Constituição. Analisa-se comparativamente a doutrina e a jurisprudência do Direito Americano e Português sobre a modulação dos efeitos da sanção. Posteriormente, a partir do Supremo Tribunal Federal, apresenta-se uma nova compreensão para a supremacia da Constituição, destacando a aptidão dos direitos fundamentais para co-incidirem sobre atos inconstitucionais, preservando certas realidades. Finalmente, constroem-se interpretações da segurança jurídica e do excepcional interesse social, para as qualificar como normas de direito fundamental que poderão incidir no controle de constitucionalidade, justificando a excepcionalização da regra invalidatória. A superação da regra observa requisitos formais e materiais. Ao final, analisam-se decisões do STF que corroboram as idéias apresentadas.This dissertation examines and defines the rule-sanction of nullity over the unconstitutional act and the formal and materials criteria for overcoming this standard-rule, starting from the interpretation of art. 27 of 9868 statute, passed in 1999. It differs unconstitutionality (the defect) and invalid (the sanction) as a two distinct moments in the judicial review (control of constitutionality). A distinction of the various sanctions to the unconstitutional is made, particularly giving attention to the sanction of nullity, which deals only with unconstitutional acts, with an ordinarily ex tunc temporal effects (retroactivity). The sanction is based on the efficacy of violated constitutional norm itself, and is a norm directed to the judge in order to invalidate retroactively the content of real and legal effects caused by unconstitutional act. Then it´s unnecessary to discuss the qualification (cancellation or revocation). Sanction-norm is a standard-rule, not a legal principle, because it contains a precisely behavior commandment, immediately binding, which is devoted, as an immediate end, to reaffirm the validity, the binding and the effectiveness of the violated constitutional order and, as a mediate end, to reaffirm the supremacy of the Constitution. The work analyzes doctrine and jurisprudence of American law and Portuguese Law on the modulation of the effects of invalidity sanctions. Subsequently, from the Supreme Court point of view, the dissertation presents a new understanding for the supremacy of the Constitution, stressing the ability of fundamental rights to co-relate over unconstitutional acts, preserving certain realities. Finally, it build up interpretations of “legal certainty” and the “exceptional social interests”, two legal terms, in order to qualify them as a fundamental right norm that can guide the control of constitutionality, offering reasons for the overruling of rules. The overruling process needs formal and material requirements. In the end, STF´s decisions are analyzed aiming to corroborate the ideas presented.
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Santos, Ramon Nóbrega dos. "Uma abordagem temporal para identificação precoce de estudantes de graduação a distância com risco de evasão utilizando técnicas de mineração de dados." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7844.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Through the use of data mining techniques, more usually the classification algorithms, it is possible to implement predictive models that are able to early identify a student in risk of dropout. Several studies used data obtained from a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) to implement predictive performance models in a discipline of a course. However, any study was carried out aimed at developing a model for dropout prediction, to distance graduation courses of longer duration, which integrates works that carry out performance prediction based on a VLE, allowing an early prediction during the first semester and throughout the others semesters. Thus, this work proposes a dropout identification approach for distance graduation courses that use the Rule-Based Classification technique to firstly identify the disciplines and grades limits that have higher influence on dropout, so that the predictive models for performance in a VLE can be used regarding the dropout detection of students along the whole distance graduation course. Experiments were carried out using four rulebased classification algorithms: JRip, OneR, PART and Ridor. Considering the use of this temporal approach, it was possible to prove the advantages of this approach, once better accuracies were obtained along the semesters and important rules were discovered to early identify students in risk of dropout. Among the applied algorithms, JRip and PART obtained the best predictive results with average accuracy of 81% at the end of first semester. Furthermore, considering our proposed partition methodology, where attributes of the predictive models are incrementally applied, it was possible to discovery rules potentially useful to dropout prevention.
Com a utilização de técnicas de mineração de dados, mais comumente os algoritmos de Classificação, pode-se construir modelos preditivos capazes de identificar precocemente um estudante com risco de evasão. Diversos estudos utilizaram dados obtidos de um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) para a construção de modelos preditivos de desempenho em uma disciplina de um curso. Porém, nenhum estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de desenvolver um modelo de predição de evasão, para um curso de graduação a distância de maior duração, que integre trabalhos que fazem a predição de desempenho a partir de um AVA, possibilitando uma predição da evasão antecipada durante o primeiro semestre e ao longo dos demais semestres. Assim, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem de identificação de evasão em um curso de graduação a distância a partir da utilização da técnica de classificação baseada em regras para, primeiramente, identificar as disciplinas e os limites de notas que mais influenciam na evasão para que os modelos preditivos de desempenhos em um AVA possam ser utilizados para a predição da evasão de um aluno com risco de evasão ao longo de todo o curso de graduação a distância. Foram realizados experimentos com quatro algoritmos de classificação baseados em regras: o JRip, o OneR, o PART e o Ridor. A partir da utilização da abordagem temporal proposta foi possível comprovar sua vantagem, uma vez que foram obtidos melhores desempenhos preditivos ao longo dos semestres e foram descobertas importantes regras para a identificação precoce de um estudante com risco de evasão. Entre os algoritmos estudados, JRip e PART obtiveram os melhores desempenhos preditivos com acurácia média de 81% ao final do primeiro semestre. A partir da metodologia proposta de partições, na qual os atributos dos modelos preditivos são aplicados de forma incremental, foi possível a descoberta de regras potencialmente úteis para prevenir a evasão.
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Cabral, Antonio do Passo. "Coisa julgada dinâmica: limites objetivos e temporais. Entre continuidade, mudança e transição de posições processuais estáveis." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4318.
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O presente trabalho pretende apresentar um modelo unificado para o tratamento das estabilidades processuais (coisa julgada e preclusões). Para tanto, parte de duas premissas
fundamentais: a segurança como continuidade jurídica, uma forma dinâmica de proteger a estabilidade sem impedir alterações de conteúdo nos atos jurídicos estáveis; e, de outro lado, a concepção das estabilidades processuais como uma cadeia de vínculos em contraditório. A combinação destas premissas resgata o papel da argumentação jurídica no sistema da coisa julgada, retomando a importância da vinculatividade das razões de decidir; e também incorpora ao modelo uma dimensão interprocessual que visa a garantir harmonia e coerência ao tráfego jurídico. Com base nestes pilares, tenta-se propor parâmetros para uma nova
compreensão dos limites objetivos e temporais da coisa julgada. No campo dos limites objetivos, destaca-se a elaboração em torno dos esquemas argumentativos, estruturas aglutinadas de elementos processuais referentes ao exercício do contraditório. Em relação aos limites temporais, procura-se elaborar um modelo de revisão das estabilidades que incorpore o novum sem impedir a mudança. Neste contexto, trabalham-se também mecanismos
compensatórios para a superação das estabilidades, tais como o ônus argumentativo no procedimento de quebra, e as regras de transição editadas pelo próprio Poder Judiciário.The present work intends to present a unified model for the juridical treatment of the procedural forms of stability (res iudicata and issue preclusions). For this purposes, it has two fundamental premises: on the one hand, security as legal continuity, a dynamic way to protect the stability without preventing changes in the content of stable acts. On the other hand, the conception of procedural stabilities as chains of binding links operated through the right to a fair hearing. With the combination of these aspects, the role of the argumentation and the exercise of procedural rights gain in importance to the system of res iudicata, reviving the bindingness not only of the conclusion but also of the reasoning of the judgement; and also provides an inter-procedural dimension in order to guarantee harmony and coherence to the whole of juridical relations. By means of this ideas, the present work proposes parameters to verify the objective and time limits of claim and issue preclusions. In regard of the object of preclusions, a bigger role plays the concept of argumentative schemes, linked structures of procedural elements that refer to the exercise of the right to a fair hearing. In terms of the time limits of preclusions, the present thesis focus on establishing a model of review that incorporates the novum without preventing change of content. Therefore it works with compensatory mechanisms to overcome stabilities like, for instance, the burden of argumentation in the proceeding and transition rules edited by the Judiciary.
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Cano, Marcos Daniel. "Mineração de regras de associação sequenciais em séries temporais e visualização: aplicação em dados agrometeorológicos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/564.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-03Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Technological development brought improvements in the technology of climate sensors and Earth's surface image acquisition, gathering increasing amounts of data. Generally, when these data are submitted to mining algorithms, the output is the production of hundreds or even thousands of textual patterns, making the task of data analysis by the domain expert even harder. Hence, it is crucial, to support experts, the development of a tool that helps to identify and display patterns of interest. In this context, this research project at Master Science level aims to develop a technique for mining association rules in time series allowing agrometeorological data analysis over time.
O avanço tecnológico tem propiciado melhorias nos diversos sensores utilizados para medições dos dados climáticos e de imageamento da superfície terrestre, coletando quantidades cada vez maiores de dados. Quando esses dados são submetidos aos algoritmos de mineração para serem explorados ocorre, em geral, a produção de centenas ou ate mesmo milhares de padrões textuais, dificultando ainda mais a tarefa de analise dos dados pelo especialista de domínio. Assim, e crucial, para apoiar os especialistas, o desenvolvimento de um ferramental que auxilia na identificação e visualização dos padrões de interesse. Neste contexto, este projeto de pesquisa em nível de mestrado visa desenvolver uma técnica de mineração de regras de associação em series temporais permitindo a analise de dados agrometeorológicos ao longo do tempo.
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João, Rafael Stoffalette. "Mineração de padrões sequenciais e geração de regras de associação envolvendo temporalidade." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8923.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Data mining aims at extracting useful information from a Database (DB). The mining process enables, also, to analyze the data (e.g. correlations, predictions, chronological relationships, etc.). The work described in this document proposes an approach to deal with temporal knowledge extraction from a DB and describes the implementation of this approach, as the computational system called S_MEMIS+AR. The system focuses on the process of finding frequent temporal patterns in a DB and generating temporal association rules, based on the elements contained in the frequent patterns identified. At the end of the process performs an analysis of the temporal relationships between time intervals associated with the elements contained in each pattern using the binary relationships described by the Allen´s Interval Algebra. Both, the S_MEMISP+AR and the algorithm that the system implements, were subsidized by the Apriori, the MEMISP and the ARMADA approaches. Three experiments considering two different approaches were conducted with the S_MEMISP+AR, using a DB of sale records of products available in a supermarket. Such experiments were conducted to show that each proposed approach, besides inferring new knowledge about the data domain and corroborating results that reinforce the implicit knowledge about the data, also promotes, in a global way, the refinement and extension of the knowledge about the data.
A mineração de dados tem como objetivo principal a extração de informações úteis a partir de uma Base de Dados (BD). O processo de mineração viabiliza, também, a realização de análises dos dados (e.g, identificação de correlações, predições, relações cronológicas, etc.). No trabalho descrito nesta dissertação é proposta uma abordagem à extração de conhecimento temporal a partir de uma BD e detalha a implementação dessa abordagem por meio de um sistema computacional chamado S_MEMISP+AR. De maneira simplista, o sistema tem como principal tarefa realizar uma busca por padrões temporais em uma base de dados, com o objetivo de gerar regras de associação temporais entre elementos de padrões identificados. Ao final do processo, uma análise das relações temporais entre os intervalos de duração dos elementos que compõem os padrões é feita, com base nas relações binárias descritas pelo formalismo da Álgebra Intervalar de Allen. O sistema computacional S_MEMISP+AR e o algoritmo que o sistema implementa são subsidiados pelas propostas Apriori, ARMADA e MEMISP. Foram realizados três experimentos distintos, adotando duas abordagens diferentes de uso do S_MEMISP+AR, utilizando uma base de dados contendo registros de venda de produtos disponibilizados em um supermercado. Tais experimentos foram apresentados como forma de evidenciar que cada uma das abordagens, além de inferir novo conhecimento sobre o domínio de dados e corroborar resultados que reforçam o conhecimento implícito já existente sobre os dados, promovem, de maneira global, o refinamento e extensão do conhecimento sobre os dados.
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Andrade, Claudinei Garcia de. "Consultas por similaridade e mineração de regras de associação: maximizando o conhecimento extraído de séries temporais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/583.
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-28A time series analysis presents challenges. There is a difficulty to manipulate the data by requiring a large computational cost, or even, by the difficulty of finding subsequences that have the same characteristics. However, this analysis is important for understanding the evolution of various phenomena such as climate change, changes in financial markets among others. This project proposed the development of a method for performing similarity queries in time series that have better performance and accuracy than the state-of-art and a method of mining association rules in series using similarity. The experiments performed have applied the proposed methods in real data sets, bringing relevant knowledge, indicating that both methods are suitable for analysis by similarity of one-dimensional and multidimensional time series.
A analise de séries temporais apresenta certos desafios. Seja pela dificuldade na manipulação dos dados, por exigir um grande custo computacional, ou mesmo pela dificuldade de se en¬contrar subsequências que apresentam as mesmas características. No entanto, essa analise e importante para o entendimento da evolução de diversos fenômenos como as mudanças climaticas, as variações no mercado financeiro entre outros. Este projeto de mestrado propos o desenvolvimento de um método para a realização de consultas por similaridade em series temporais que apresentam melhor desempenho e acurâcia que o estado-da-arte e um método de mineração de regras de associação em series utilizando similaridade. Os experimentos feitos aplicaram os métodos propostos em conjuntos de dados reais, trazendo conhecimento relevante, indicando que os metodos são adequados para analise por similaridade de series temporais unidimensionais e multidimensionais.
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Mefteh, Wafa. "Approche ontologique pour la modélisation et le raisonnement sur les trajectoires : prise en compte des aspects thématiques, temporels et spatiaux." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS405/document.
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L’évolution des systèmes de capture des données concernant les objets mobiles a donné naissance à de nouvelles générations d’applications dans différents domaines. Les données capturées, communément appelées « trajectoires », sont au cœur des applications qui analysent et supervisent le trafic routier, maritime et aérien ou également celles qui optimisent le transport public. Elles sont aussi exploitées dans les domaines du jeu vidéo, du cinéma, du sport et dans le domaine de la biologie animale pour l’étude des comportements, par les systèmes de capture des mouvements. Aujourd’hui, les données produites par ces capteurs sont des données brutes à caractère spatio-temporel qui cachent des informations sémantiquement riches et enrichissantes pour un expert. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’associer automatiquement aux données spatio-temporelles des descriptions ou des concepts liés au comportement des objets mobiles, interprétables par les humains, mais surtout par les machines. Partant de ce constat, nous proposons un processus partant de l’expérience des objets mobiles de monde réel, notamment le bateau et l’avion, vers un modèle ontologique générique pour la trajectoire. Nous présentons quelques requêtes qui intéressent les experts du domaine et qui montrent l’impossibilité d’exploiter les trajectoires dans leurs états bruts. En effet, l’analyse de ces requêtes fait ressortir trois types de composantes sémantiques : thématique, spatiale et temporelle. Ces composantes doivent être rattachées aux données des trajectoires ce qui conduit à introduire un processus d’annotation qui transforme les trajectoires brutes en trajectoires sémantiques. Pour exploiter les trajectoires sémantiques, on construit une ontologie de haut niveau pour le domaine de la trajectoire qui modélise les données brutes et leurs annotations. Vu le besoin d’un raisonnement complet avec des concepts et des opérateurs spatiaux et temporaux, nous proposons la solution de réutilisation des ontologies de temps et d’espace. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons aussi notre travail issu d’une collaboration avec une équipe de recherche qui s’intéresse à l’analyse et à la compréhension des comportements des mammifères marins dans leur milieu naturel. Nous détaillons le processus utilisé dans les deux premiers domaines, qui part des données brutes représentant les déplacements des phoques jusqu’au modèle ontologique de trajectoire des phoques. Nous accordons une attention particulière à l’apport de l’ontologie de haut niveau définissant un cadre contextuel pour l’ontologie du domaine d’application. Enfin, cette thèse présente la difficulté de mise en œuvre sur des données de taille réelle (des centaines de milliers d’individus) lors du raisonnement à travers les mécanismes d’inférence utilisant des règles métiersThe evolution of systems capture data on moving objects has given birth to new generations of applications in various fields. Captured data, commonly called ”trajectories”, are at the heart of applications that analyze and monitor road, maritime and air traffic or also those that optimize public transport. They are also used in the video game, movies, sports and field biology to study animal behavior, by motion capture systems. Today, the data produced by these sensors are raw spatio-temporal characters hiding semantically rich and meaningful informations to an expert data. So, the objective of this thesis is to automatically associate the spatio-temporal data descriptions or concepts related to the behavior of moving objects, interpreted by humans, but also by machines. Based on this observation, we propose a process based on the experience of real-world moving objects, including vessel and plane, to an ontological model for the generic path. We present some applications of interest to experts in the field and show the inability to use the paths in their raw state. Indeed, the analysis of these queries identified three types of semantic components : thematic, spatial and temporal. These components must be attached to data paths leading to enter an annotation that transforms raw semantic paths process trajectories. To exploit the semantic trajectories, we construct a high-level ontology for the domain of the path which models the raw data and their annotations. Given the need of complete reasoning with concepts and spatial and temporal operators, we propose the solution for reuse of ontologies time space. In this thesis, we also present our results from a collaboration with a research team that focuses on the analysis and understanding of the behavior of marine mammals in their natural environment. We describe the process used in the first two areas, which share raw data representing the movement of seals to ontological trajectory model seals. We pay particular attention to the contribution of the upper ontology defined in a contextual framework for ontology application. Finally, this thesis presents the difficulty of implementation on real data size (hundreds of thousands) when reasoning through inference mechanisms using business rules
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Ghoul, Dhaou. "Classifications et grammaires des invariants lexicaux arabes en prévision d’un traitement informatique de cette langue. Construction d’un modèle théorique de l’arabe : la grammaire des invariants lexicaux temporels." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040184.
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Cette thèse porte sur la classification et le traitement des invariants lexicaux arabes qui expriment un aspect temporel afin de créer un modèle qui présente chaque invariant sous la forme d’un schéma de grammaire (automates à états finis). Dans ce travail nous avons limité notre traitement seulement pour 20 invariants lexicaux. Notre hypothèse part du principe que les invariants lexicaux sont situés au même niveau structural (formel) que les schèmes dans le langage quotient (squelette) de la langue arabe. Ils cachent beaucoup d’informations et entraînent des attentes syntaxiques qui permettent de prédire la structure de la phrase.Au début de cette thèse, nous abordons la notion « invariant lexical » en exposant les différents niveaux d’invariance. Ensuite, nous classons les invariants étudiés dans cette thèse selon plusieurs critères.La deuxième partie de cette thèse fait l’objet de notre propre étude concernant les invariants lexicaux temporels dans laquelle nous commençons par une présentation de notre méthode d’étude linguistique ainsi que la modélisation par schémas de grammaires des invariants lexicaux temporels étudiés. Ensuite, nous abordons l’analyse proprement dite des invariants lexicaux simples comme « ḥattā, baʿda » et complexes comme « baʿdamā, baynamā ».Enfin, une application expérimentale « Kawâkib » a été employée pour détecter et identifier les invariants lexicaux en montrant leurs points forts aussi bien que leurs lacunes. Nous proposons également une nouvelle vision de la prochaine version de « Kawâkib » qui peut représenter une application pédagogique de l'arabe sans lexiqueThis thesis focuses on the classification and the treatment of Arabic lexical invariants that express a temporal aspect. Our aim is to create a diagram of grammar (finite state machine) for each invariant. In this work, we limited our treatment to 20 lexical invariants. Our assumption is that the lexical invariants are located at the same structural level (formal) as the schemes in the language quotient (skeleton) of the Arabic language. They hide much information and involve syntactic expectations that make it possible to predict the structure of the sentence.In the first part of our research tasks, we present the concept of “invariant lexical” by exposing the various levels of invariance. Then, we classify the invariants according to several criteria.The second part is the object of our own study concerning the temporal lexical invariants. We present our linguistic method as well as our approach of modelling using diagrams of grammars. Then, we analyze the simple lexical invariants such “ḥattā, baʿda” and the complexes ones such “baʿdamā, baynamā”.Finally, an experimental application “Kawâkib” was used to detect and identify the lexical invariants by showing their strong points as well as their gaps. We also propose a new vision of the next version of “Kawâkib” that can represent a teaching application of Arabic without lexicon
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Debener, Stefan, André Beauducel, Doreen Nessler, Burkhard Brocke, Hubert Heilemann, and Jürgen Kayser. "Is Resting Anterior EEG Alpha Asymmetry a Trait Marker for Depression?" Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134697.
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Several lines of evidence suggest that asymmetric anterior brain activation is related to affective style, linking left hemisphere activation to positive affect and right hemisphere activation to negative affect. However, previous reports of left frontal hypoactivation in depressed patients were not confirmed in recent studies. This study evaluated additional characteristics of resting EEG alpha (8–13 Hz) asymmetry in 15 clinically depressed patients and 22 healthy adults by recording EEG activity on two separate occasions, 2–4 weeks apart. Across both sessions, group differences in anterior EEG asymmetry were compatible with the original hypothesis. However, groups differed in temporal stability of anterior EEG asymmetry, which was retest reliable in controls but not depressed patients. In contrast, temporal stability of posterior EEG asymmetry was acceptable in both groups. Increased variability of anterior EEG asymmetry may be a characteristic feature for depression, and, if so, this would challenge the notion that anterior EEG alpha asymmetry is a trait marker for depressionDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Debener, Stefan, André Beauducel, Doreen Nessler, Burkhard Brocke, Hubert Heilemann, and Jürgen Kayser. "Is Resting Anterior EEG Alpha Asymmetry a Trait Marker for Depression?: Findings for Healthy Adults and Clinically Depressed Patients." Karger, 2000. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27589.
Full textAbstract:
Several lines of evidence suggest that asymmetric anterior brain activation is related to affective style, linking left hemisphere activation to positive affect and right hemisphere activation to negative affect. However, previous reports of left frontal hypoactivation in depressed patients were not confirmed in recent studies. This study evaluated additional characteristics of resting EEG alpha (8–13 Hz) asymmetry in 15 clinically depressed patients and 22 healthy adults by recording EEG activity on two separate occasions, 2–4 weeks apart. Across both sessions, group differences in anterior EEG asymmetry were compatible with the original hypothesis. However, groups differed in temporal stability of anterior EEG asymmetry, which was retest reliable in controls but not depressed patients. In contrast, temporal stability of posterior EEG asymmetry was acceptable in both groups. Increased variability of anterior EEG asymmetry may be a characteristic feature for depression, and, if so, this would challenge the notion that anterior EEG alpha asymmetry is a trait marker for depression.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Wasserman, Claudio. "O ativo fiscal diferido no sistema financeiro nacional: análise e proposta de contabilização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-31012005-190029/.
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O aprofundamento das diferenças entre a contabilidade e as normas tributárias tornou o crescimento do ativo fiscal diferido, resultante da alocação dos efeitos tributários das diferenças temporárias entre os dois sistemas contábeis, um problema a ser enfrentado pelas autoridades monetárias. Entre os principais métodos de alocação de impostos entre períodos, a alocação parcial é o método que produz um ativo fiscal diferido mais condizente com os fundamentos econômicos. As autoridades monetárias têm procurado limitar o crescimento do ativo fiscal diferido nas instituições financeiras por meio de procedimentos extracontábeis, em grande parte porque a alocação utilizada em muitos países, inclusive no Brasil, é a alocação abrangente. Os normativos contábeis sobre o ativo fiscal diferido e as legislações bancárias correlatas dos EUA e do Brasil são analisados e comparados, além de apresentados os números agregados do ativo fiscal diferido no Sistema Financeiro Nacional. A base de dados utilizada foi o Sistema de Informações do Banco Central, o que permitiu que todos os integrantes do Sistema Financeiro Nacional fossem coletivamente pesquisados. Os números obtidos mostram que, a partir do ano de 1997, quando aumentou o fosso entre contabilidade e normas tributárias, sobretudo em virtude da indedutibilidade da maioria das provisões, houve crescimento contínuo do ativo fiscal diferido no conjunto das instituições financeiras brasileiras. Com isso, as normas bancárias relativas à adequação de capital ficaram mais rígidas e afastadas da contabilidade. Este trabalho tem a finalidade de propor um método de alocação baseado na alocação parcial, mas não como usualmente praticada. As instituições financeiras, baseadas em estudos técnicos, determinam, hoje, as diferenças temporárias que originam o ativo fiscal diferido. Pela característica de interdependência com todos os setores econômicos que o sistema financeiro possui, além da baixa qualidade do ativo fiscal diferido quanto à sua liquidez, o Banco Central passa, segundo a proposta, a ter papel pró-ativo na alocação de impostos. O Banco Central passa a determinar as diferenças temporárias que originarão o ativo fiscal diferido, a ser obtido pela alocação parcial especificada pela autarquia. A alocação parcial nesses moldes resultaria não só no reconhecimento contábil do ativo fiscal diferido em bases econômicas, pois as diferenças temporárias consideradas no seu cômputo teriam a chancela da possibilidade de reversão firmada pelo próprio Banco Central, mas também na aproximação entre as normas de adequação de capital e a contabilidade, pois o ativo fiscal diferido no agregado do Sistema Financeiro Nacional possivelmente ficaria em nível naturalmente tolerável para fins de aferição da solvabilidade das instituições financeiras.The deepening of the differences between accounting and tax rules turned the growing in the deferred tax asset, resulting from the tax allocation of the temporary differences between the two accounting systems, into a problem for monetary authorities. Among the main interperiod tax allocation methods, the partial provision method for deferred taxes yields a more suitable deferred tax asset according to economic fundamentals. Monetary authorities have tried to limit the deferred taxes from growing in the financial institutions through off-balance-sheet procedures, especially because many countries, including Brazil, use the comprehensive (full) method of accounting for deferred taxes. Accounting standards on deferred taxes and American and Brazilian regulatory rules are analyzed and compared and the aggregate numbers of the deferred tax asset in the National Financial System are presented. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Central Bank database, which allowed for a survey of all National Financial System components. The resulting features show that, from fiscal year 1997 onwards, when the gap between accounting and tax rules deepened, especially due to the fact that most of provisions became indeductible for tax purposes, a continuous growth in deferred tax assets has occurred in Brazilian banks. Consequently, the Brazilian regulatory capital rules have become stricter and more distant from accounting. This study aims to propose a method of accounting for income taxes based on the partial provision method, but not like the partial method usually practiced. Nowadays, based on technical studies, banks determine the deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences chosen by the banks themselves. Thanks to the financial markets interdependency with other economic sectors, besides the low liquidity of deferred tax assets, according to the objective, the Brazilian Central Bank starts to play a pro-active role in the tax allocation process. Based on the partial method, the Central Bank will determine which timing differences will give rise to the deferred tax asset. The partial provision method thus achieved would result not only in a deferred tax record on an economic basis, because the reversal of the considered temporary differences would have the official seal of the Central Bank, but it would also provide for a shorter distance between the regulatory capital treatment of deferred tax assets and accounting principles, since the total deferred tax asset recorded in the National Financial System would possibly stay at a naturally tolerable level for regulatory capital purposes.
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CRO, PAOLO. "Gestione del rapporto di lavoro e intervento pubblico nel sistema giuslavoristico." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95.
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L'opera esamina l'intervento pubblico nella gestione del rapporto di lavoro sotto il profilo storico e giuridico nelle tre fasi d'instaurazione, gestione e cessazione del rapporto. Si valorizza anche il ruolo specifico dei tre poteri legislativo, esecutivo e giudiziario, con particolare riguardo all'analisi sistematica del diritto amministrativo del lavoro. L'opera intende porre in luce gli elementi logici, giuridici ed assiologici di questo ramo del diritto del lavoro, per ricondurne le fattispecie esaminate ad un sistema coerente e razionale e per suggerirne sia un metodo d'analisi de iure condito sia una prospettiva per una lettura ed una proposta de iure condendo.This work analyses how public powers affects labour relationships both from the historical and the juridical points of view. The three main phases of labour relationships beginning, management and end are examined separately. The specific contributions by the three public powers legislative, administrative and judiciary especially by the public administration, are also dealt with. The goal is to illustrate the logical, juridical and ethical elements of this branch of the labour law, in order to build a rational system for both the analysis de iure condito and the debate de iure condendo.
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Pei-HsuanHsieh and 謝佩璇. "Online Spatio-Temporal Rule Matching with Multiple Specifications." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37584068149824151788.
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碩士國立成功大學
資訊工程學系
104
To prevent the spreading of infectious disease in the epidemiology field, it is an important task to monitor the burst of the infectious events, which, there are lots of people get the particular disease in the close proximity in terms of both time and geography. However, not all people with infectious disease have the clear syndrome, such as the dengue fever patients. Therefore, the reported events might not reveal the actual spreading situation of the disease. The existing methods such as the dense region query, density-based clustering methods cannot directly applied to meet our needs. Therefore, to find all the suspicious infectious clusters, we propose the STMS method which is able to online detect all the specified event sets based on the user given spatio-temporal constraints. Users simply give multiple specifications which include the time interval, the circle-shaped of the spatial range constraint, the threshold of the number of the events. The STMS method is able to online detect and return the specified event sets which meet the corresponding specification. In this paper, we propose three methods which include the intuitive method, the method based on the concept of the minimum enclosing circle (MEC), and the STMS method. The synthetic data and the real data set is applied to evaluate different performance of the method in different characteristic of the data set. We find that the STMS method has the better performance in the clustering-like data; the MEC method is suited for situation of the larger number of the event threshold.
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Chao-HuiLee and 李昭輝. "A Study on Rule-Based Classification Techniques for Temporal Data Mining." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55893231612304144852.
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博士國立成功大學
資訊工程學系碩博士班
99
With the advances in science, data recording technology has developed rapidly. The information of various fields is also generated at a greatly increased pace. In which data recording with time is becoming the mainstream type of current data storage. Like from photographs to video, one period of video can record and collect more event and truth than a photograph. In medical data, the situation still exists, such as EEG data, which represent series of measured values from a brain. Dynamic bio-signals reveal more information and that make doctors easier to diagnose illnesses and more obvious to annotate events. This kind of data is named temporal data in this dissertation. The major purpose of data mining technology is to extract important and useful information from data. Classification mining is a popular data mining method for applications. However, there are very few temporal data classification mining methods which can offer useful information for classification results. Hence, we proposed a temporal data classification mining method, named CBS (Classify-By-Sequence) based on sequential pattern mining. CBS method discovers highly frequent temporal sequences with class relations as rules. Temporal data classification is constructed by scoring possible class of data with these classifiable rules. Our method follows the purpose of data mining and all discovered rules can not only be used for classification but also as the reasons of each classification result. Although temporal data is more complete than attribute-based data for event description, many study areas adopts multiple observations to do long term record to seek more details, such as temperature, humidity, wind and pressure in meteorological observation. In this dissertation, we name it as multivariate temporal data. An event can be recorded more acutely and objectively with this data type, but the data format is relatively complex to be processed. Many medical bio-signal data is usually collected in the format of multivariate temporal data to expect more completely analysis and accurately diagnoses. In the second research topic, we extend our temporal data classification study on multivariate temporal data classification. We attempted to class related information from the order of data and the relations between temporal variables. We defined the purification concept to simplify class rule mining and to make discovered rules more comprehensible. The PTCR-Miner algorithm is proposed following this concept for multivariate temporal data classification. It causes that the more description of the discovered rule has fewer and more confident supported class set. In sum, the purification limits the quantity of discovered rules but all discovered rules are really important information. Experimental results shown the proposed method can be performed effectively and efficiently on multivariate temporal data classification. Generally, temporal variables of multivariate temporal data are regarded as similar. Nevertheless, in many interdisciplinary researches, temporal variables of multivariate temporal data are very different. Each temporal variable of a dataset may be recorded with different sample period even from different machines. In the final topic of this dissertation, we propose a novel algorithm named PETR-Miner for generalizing our temporal data classification method on the multivariate temporal data with heterogeneous temporal variables. Besides mining the time ordered features between temporal variables, we consider class related item sets and refer the concept of closed sequential pattern mining together to enhance whole mining process. This makes all discovered rules be simple and clear for explanation in each classification. Experimental results show that our method delivers good performance on heterogeneous multivariate temporal datasets.
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Wang, Chien-Chih, and 王建智. "A Rule-Based Disease Diagnostic System Using A Temporal Relationship Model." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95076974467306376293.
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碩士逢甲大學
資訊工程所
93
In many cases, medical diagnostic data are related to each other and are time-dependent that will make the analysis of medical diagnostic data difficult and result in complicated medical decision rules. The patient data including laboratory testing data and recorded vital signal readings are timestamped and the consecutive timestamps of a testing data form a time interval. Since the patient data are timestamped, a disease is usually determined by multiple occurrences of abnormal testing data, it is associated with a time interval. In this thesis, we use a temporal model to express temporal relationships among diseases that may have mutual affect potentially. The temporal model defines six types of relationships: before, after, contained, contains, start_overlap, and end_overlap. First, the temporal relationship between diseases of each patient is searched, and then, the temporal relationships of all patients are analyzed to determine the correlation of these diseases. The timestamped diagnostic data are built as facts and the physician specified rules of diseases are built as inference rules of the inference engine. A patient is diagnosed of a disease if his/her patient data satisfy some rules specified by physicians. The temporal relationship model is implemented as a rule based system using the Java based expert system, Jess. The rules for determining disease diagnoses and temporal relationships are written as text files and are input to the system. The system can be used for the other diagnoses and/or diseases by changing the rules without modifying the system program. Hence, the major goal of this thesis is to provide a system kernel for applications of medical diagnosis system.
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"The temporal pattern of RSI rule returns and exchange rate intervention." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892600.
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Shik Chun Sing.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.2
Acknowledgements --- p.4
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.6
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature review --- p.11
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Data and methodology --- p.15
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results of national currencies with the U.S. dollar --- p.25
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Results of cross-rates --- p.39
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussion and conclusion --- p.52
Appendix --- p.54
References --- p.106
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Yin, Kuo Cheng, and 尹國正. "On Effective Association Rule Mining Algorithms for Temporal, Continuous and Big Data." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99483196922371054393.
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博士逢甲大學
資訊工程學系
102
Data mining technology has been widely applied in various fields, while the association rule mining algorithm is the most representative technique. Our researches of association rule mining are divided into three major areas. The first of which is the rationality of discovered rules that are mined by association rule mining algorithm. The second is the adaptation of association rule mining algorithm when it is applied in different fields. The third is the mining efficiency improvement of association rule mining algorithm. In this dissertation, we identify potential problems in the three areas and propose effective algorithms to solve them respectively. In the study of the rationality of discovered rules, we present the concept of local frequent-itemsets, enhance the practicality of discovered association rules and develop a new algorithm to find out the global and local frequent-itemsets. In the study of the adaptation of association rule mining algorithm, we adjust traditional FP tree structure and develop a new algorithm to generate the approximate frequent-itemsets in different sliding windows under the environment of data stream. In the study of the mining efficiency improvement, we first propose a parallel processing algorithm to improve the mining efficiency under a cluster architecture. Second, we propose a compression algorithm to compress multiple transactions into a transaction. The purpose is to reduce the number of transactions to be mined, carry out the mining process in the main memory, and enhance the mining efficiency. In these studies, we performed various experiments to validate the proposed solutions and achieved our goals.
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Mooney, Carl Howard. "The discovery of interacting episodes and temporal rule determination in sequential pattern mining." 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070702.120306/index.html.
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Al-Fayoumi, Nabeel I. "Design and implementation of a temporal trigger subsystem for the triggerman asynchronous rule processor /." 1998. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/1998/alz2709/master.pdf.
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