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Berthold, Stefan. "Inter-temporal Privacy Metrics." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33972.
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Informational privacy of individuals has significantly gained importance after information technology has become widely deployed. Data, once digitalised, can be copied, distributed, and long-term stored at negligible costs. This has dramatic consequences for individuals that leave traces in the form of personal data whenever they interact with information technology, for instance, computers and phones; or even when information technology is recording the personal data of aware or unaware individuals. The right of individuals for informational privacy, in particular to control the flow and use of their personal data, is easily undermined by those controlling the information technology. The objective of this thesis is to study the measurement of informational privacy with a particular focus on scenarios where an individual discloses personal data to a second party which uses this data for re-identifying the individual within a set of other individuals. We contribute with privacy metrics for several instances of this scenario in the publications included in this thesis, most notably one which adds a time dimension to the scenario for modelling the effects of the time passed between data disclosure and usage. The result is a new framework for inter-temporal privacy metrics.
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Berthold, Stefan. "Towards Inter-temporal Privacy Metrics." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7319.
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Informational privacy of individuals has significantly gained importance after information technology has become widely deployed. Data, once digitalised, can be copied and distributed at negligible costs. This has dramatic consequences for individuals that leave traces in form of personal data whenever they interact with information technology. The right of individuals for informational privacy, in particular to control the flow and use of their personal data, is easily undermined by those controlling the information technology. The objective of this thesis is the measurement of informational privacy with a particular focus on scenarios where an individual discloses personal data to a second party, the data controller, which uses this data for re-identifying the individual within a set of others, the population. Several instances of this scenario are discussed in the appended papers, most notably one which adds a time dimension to the scenario for modelling the effects of the time passed between data disclosure and usage. This extended scenario leads to a new framework for inter-temporal privacy metrics. The common dilemma of all privacy metrics is their dependence on the information available to the data controller. The same information may or may not be available to the individual and, as a consequence, the individual may be misguided in his decisions due to his limited access to the data controller’s information when using privacy metrics. The goal of this thesis is thus not only the specification of new privacy metrics, but also the contribution of ideas for mitigating this dilemma. However a solution will rather be a combination of technological, economical and legal means than a purely technical solution.
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Aiello, Silvio. "Centrality metrics and epidemic spreading on persistent temporal networks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22106/.
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La dinamica di un’epidemia che si diffonde su una rete di contatti dipende dalla topologia della rete. In questa tesi si indaga la relazione tra proprietà topologiche dei nodi e loro ruolo nell’epidemia nel caso di reti temporali. Nello specifico, si studiano epidemie che si diffondono, secondo il modello Susceptible - Infected (SI), su reti temporali di tipo Discreto Autoregressivo di ordine 1 (DARN(1)). Questo modello di rete permette di controllare il ruolo della densità e della persistenza dei link sulla diffusione dell'epidemia.
Per reti temporali, la Dynamic Broadcast Centrality di un nodo conta i cammini ordinati temporalmente che, da esso, portano a tutti gli altri nodi della rete. Nella tesi si mostra analiticamente che la Broadcast Centrality di un nodo fornisce una iniziale approssimazione dell'evoluzione dell'epidemia quando quel nodo è il primo infetto. L'esistenza di questa relazione suggerisce che la Broadcast Centrality sia la metrica che meglio può identificare i nodi più infettivi.
La bontà dell'approssimazione è quantificata dalla correlazione tra la Broadcast Centrality di un nodo e il numero medio di nodi infetti quando l'epidemia parte da esso. Questa correlazione è inizialmente perfetta, poi diminuisce a una velocità maggiore per reti più dense o per maggior probabilità di infettare. Tramite un collasso delle curve di correlazione, ottenute per diversi valori dei parametri, otteniamo una relazione che permette di stimare quanto a lungo l'approssimazione rimane valida.
Confrontiamo poi la Broadcast Centrality con metriche più statiche, per determinare se tenere conto della struttura temporale sia importante per predirre l'infettività dei nodi. Nel caso di reti con parametri omogenei, troviamo che la Broadcast Centrality prevede meglio l'andamento dell'epidemia rispetto alle metriche statiche. Quando invece la tendenza dei nodi a stabilire link è eterogenea, le performance delle diverse metriche diventano simili.
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Tang, John Kit. "Temporal network metrics and their application to real world networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610365.
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Khan, Hamzah I. "Evaluating Flexibility Metrics on Simple Temporal Networks with Reinforcement Learning." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/116.
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Simple Temporal Networks (STNs) were introduced by Tsamardinos (2002) as a means of describing graphically the temporal constraints for scheduling problems. Since then, many variations on the concept have been used to develop and analyze algorithms for multi-agent robotic scheduling problems. Many of these algorithms for STNs utilize a flexibility metric, which measures the slack remaining in an STN under execution. Various metrics have been proposed by Hunsberger (2002); Wilson et al. (2014); Lloyd et al. (2018). This thesis explores how adequately these metrics convey the desired information by using them to build a reward function in a reinforcement learning problem.
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Mirkarimi, Hamed, and hamed mirkarimi@student rmit edu au. "Landscape ecological planning for protected areas using spatial and temporal metrics." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080507.122506.
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The natural characteristics of protected areas have changed for a variety of reasons through time. Changes in protected area landscapes can occur because of natural and/or cultural processes. Natural processes such as geomorphological disturbance and climatic condition can permanently and/or temporarily change the characteristics of the environment. In addition, changes in human needs, knowledge and activities are the cultural driving forces behind changing characteristics of landscape through time. These changes can be studied both spatially and temporally. Spatially, protected area landscape structures such as shape, size and location with respect to their neighbourhood context can be studied to describe landscape configuration. Temporally, landscape functions such as different geographical locations and land characteristics can be studied to determine the rate of temporal variability in landscape. Any changes in temporal characteristics may lead to changes in spatial characteristics of protected areas and vice versa. This thesis has developed a framework to enhance the landscape ecological planning approach with attention to changes in landscapes of protected areas. Considering landscape ecological concepts, this framework draws upon spatial and temporal characteristics of protected areas. Initially, a basic model of the landscape ecological approach to protected area planning and data requirements for landscape ecological planning was developed according to the concept of landscape ecological planning. In order to examine the model in the real world, the data requirements for landscape ecological planning were implemented using a case study method. The basic list of data required for landscape ecological planning was further developed through the case study approach by highlighting the importance of road metrics in the process of planning. In addition, the case study approach proved that spatial and temporal metrics can be used in the interpretation of spatial configuration and temporal variability of protected areas th rough a quantitative method. The framework was developed for three case studies in Iran and three case studies in Australia. A number of metrics were applied in order to quantify spatial and temporal aspects of the protected areas. A list of spatial and temporal criteria was developed to assist interpretation of area compaction, spatial fragmentation and temporal variability of protected areas. Using the criteria list, a new framework for spatial and temporal evaluation of protected areas has been developed. This can be used to determine spatial and temporal management issues of protected areas at the landscape scale. Then planning scenarios for spatial and temporal issues of protected areas at the landscape scale can be suggested. The developed framework has the potential to be applied to all protected areas even where detailed ecological data and information are not available. In addition, when all data required are available, the developed framework using spatial and temporal metrics has the potential to suggest a flexible zoning plan for protected areas.
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Mcinerney, Ciaran. "Determining spatio-temporal metrics that distinguish play outcomes in field hockey." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2017. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/16599/.
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Rodríguez, Pupo Luis Enrique. "An Analytics Platform for Integrating and Computing Spatio-Temporal Metrics in Location-aware Games." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671588.
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This thesis presents an analytics platform for calculating spatio-temporal metrics in the context of geogames and context-based applications. It is based on an underlying conceptual model for spatio-temporal metrics, which consists of dimensions and variables to describe spatial and temporal phenomena, metrics functions to calculate application-relevant information and conditions using these data models, and actions to be triggered when certain conditions are met. The analytics platform is implemented as a cloud-based, distributed application that allows developers to define data requirements, collect required (client-generated) data, and define and execute spatio-temporal metrics. It is designed to handle large amounts of (streaming) data and to scale well under increasing amounts of data and metrics computations. The platform is validated in two experiments: a location-aware game for collecting noise data in a city and a mobile application for location-based mental health treatments, which shows its usability, versatility and feasibility in real-world scenarioEsta tesis presenta una plataforma de análisis para calcular métricas espacio-temporales en el contexto de geojuegos y aplicaciones basadas en el contexto. Se basa en un modelo conceptual para métricas espacio-temporales compuesto de dimensiones y variables para describir fenómenos con componentes espaciales y temporales, funciones de métricas para calcular información relevante para la aplicación, y acciones activadas cuando se cumplan ciertas condiciones. La implementación consiste en una aplicación distribuida basada en la nube que permite a los desarrolladores definir los requisitos de datos, recopilarlos en el cliente y ejecutar métricas espacio-temporales. Está diseñada para ser escalable en cuanto a los datos y al cómputo de las métricas. La plataforma está validada en dos experimentos: un geo-juego para recopilar datos de ruido en una ciudad y una aplicación móvil para tratamientos de salud mental basados en la ubicación, que muestra su usabilidad, versatilidad y viabilidad en escenarios del mundo real.
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Watson, Eric Craig. "Use of Distance Weighted Metrics to Investigate Landscape-Stream Temperature Relationships Across Different Temporal Scales." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3117.
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Stream ecosystems have experienced significant negative impacts from land use, resource exploitation, and urban development. Statistical models allow researchers to explore the relationships between these landscape variables and stream conditions. Weighting the relevant landscape variables based on hydrologically defined distances offers a potential method of increasing the predictive capacity of statistical models. Using observations from three grouped watersheds in the Portland Metro Area (n=66), I have explored the use of three different weighting schemes against the standard method of taking an areal average. These four different model groups were applied to four stream temperature metrics: mean seven-day moving average maximum daily temperature (Mean7dTmax), number of days exceeding 17.8 °C (Tmax7d>17.8), mean daily range in stream temperature (Range_DTR), and the coefficient of variation in maximum daily temperature (CV_Tmax). These metrics were quantified for the 2011 dry season. The strength of these model groups were also examined at a monthly basis for each of the four months within the dry season. The results demonstrate mixed effectiveness of the weighting schemes, dependent on both the stream temperature metric being predicted as well as the time scale under investigation. Models for Mean7dTmax showed no benefit from the inclusion of distance weighted metrics, while models for Range_DTR consistently improved using distance weighted explanatory variables. Trends in the models for 7dTmax>17.8 and CV_Tmax varied based on temporal scale. Additionally, all model groups demonstrated greater explanatory power in early summer months than in late summer months.
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Cooke, Richard Jeremy Edwin. "Link prediction and link detection in sequences of large social networks using temporal and local metrics." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6388.
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Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation builds upon the ideas introduced by Liben-Nowell and Kleinberg in The Link Prediction Problem for Social Networks [42]. Link prediction is the problem of predicting between which unconnected nodes in a graph a link will form next, based on the current structure of the graph.
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Oldoni, Lucas Volochen. "Mapeamento de soja e milho com mineração de dados e imagens sintéticas landsat e modis." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3724.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Studies related to the monitoring of agricultural production play a decisive and strategic role in the economic planning of the country, due to the importance of agribusiness, as well as food safety. Orbital remote sensing is an effective alternative to perform agricultural crop monitoring due to its low cost, large scale and speed of data collection. However, most of the sensors with high spatial resolution are of low temporal resolution, and the ones with higher temporal resolution have low spatial resolution. Therefore, for the monitoring of agricultural crops with a higher spatial solution, cloud covering can be a limiting factor. Such problems can be circumvented by using a fusion of images of several sensors with different spatial and temporal characteristics, thus creating new images, also called synthetic images. Thus, the objective of the work was the mapping of areas sown with soybean and corn using space-temporal fusion, such as Landsat 8 and MODIS images. In the first part of the research, agricultural crops were separated from other targets. The generated classification served as input to one of the classification algorithms, the Flexta Spatiotemporal Data Fusion (FSDAF), in the second part of the research. In addition to this algorithm, both the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflection Fusion Model (STARFM) and the Advanced and Temporal Spatial Adaptive Reflection Fusion Model (ESTARFM) were employed to generate images for the 2016/2017 summer crops. Then, 5 rating scenarios were created. In the 1st and 2nd scenarios, only the images from the Landsat 8 with no occurrence of clouds were considered. For the 3rd, 4th, and 5th were carried out using images generated by STARFM, ESTARFM and FSDAF. In the third scenario, the metric images of images, Landsat 8 and images of fusion algorithms were used, 4th as a summary of statistical metrics, and in the 5th one as phenological metrics of the temporal profile of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The scenario using the EVI phenological metrics from images generated by FSDAF and STARFM yielded better results, with global accuracy of 93.11 and 91.33%, respectively. These results are statistically better than those obtained using only existing Landsat 8 images. Thus, the use of phenological metrics obtained from synthetic images are important alternatives for mapping soybean and corn crops.
Estudos referentes ao acompanhamento da produção agrícola têm um peso determinante e estratégico no planejamento econômico do país, devido à importância do agronegócio, e também para segurança alimentar. O sensoriamento remoto orbital é uma alternativa eficaz para realizar o monitoramento das culturas agrícolas, devido ao baixo custo, grande escala de abrangência e rapidez na coleta de dados. Porém, geralmente os sensores com alta resolução espacial possuem baixa resolução temporal, e os com alta resolução temporal possuem baixa resolução espacial. Assim, para se realizar o acompanhamento de culturas agrícolas com uma resolução espacial mais alta, a cobertura por nuvens pode ser um fator limitante. Estes problemas podem ser contornados com a utilização de fusão de imagens de diversos sensores com características temporais e espaciais diferentes, criando, assim, novas imagens, também chamadas de imagens sintéticas. Deste modo, o objetivo do trabalho foi realizar o mapeamento de áreas semeadas com soja e milho utilizando fusão espaço-temporal de imagens Landsat 8 e MODIS. Na primeira parte do trabalho, foram separadas culturas agrícolas de outros alvos. A classificação gerada serviu de entrada em um dos algoritmos de classificação, o Flexible Spatiotemporal Data Fusion (FSDAF), na segunda parte do trabalho. Nessa parte, além deste algoritmo, também foram utilizados os algoritmos Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) e Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM) para gerar imagens nas safras de verão 2016/2017. Então, foram criados 5 cenários de classificação. Nos 1º e 2º foram considerados a utilização apenas das imagens espectrais das imagens Landsat 8 livres de nuvens. As 3º, 4º e 5º foram realizadas com as imagens geradas pelo STARFM, ESTARFM e FSDAF. No 3º cenário foram utilizadas as métricas espectrais das imagens Landsat 8 e as imagens espectrais gerados pelos algoritmos de fusão, no 4º foram considerados as métricas estatísticas e no 5º as métricas fenológicas extraídas do perfil temporal do Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Os cenários que utilizaram métricas fenológicas do EVI a partir de imagens geradas pelo FSDAF e STARFM obtiveram melhores resultados, com exatidão global de 93,11 e 91,33%, respectivamente, resultados estes estatisticamente melhores que os obtidos apenas com as imagens Landsat 8 existentes. Assim, a utilização de métricas fenológicas obtidas de imagens sintéticas são importantes alternativas para o mapeamento de soja e milho.
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Zhang, Qian. "Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Urban Growth in Shanghai, China: Monitoring, Analysis, and Simulation." Licentiate thesis, Geoinformatics Division, Department of Urban Planning and Environment, ABE, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11868.
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Supporting huge population, megacities are definitely the hot spots of production, consumption, and waste generation. Without careful investment and planning, megacities will be overwhelmed by burgeoning negative impacts on the environment, natural resources, and human health, as well as a host of social and economic issues. The unprecedented combination of economic and population growth since the Reform and Open Policy has led China into transition from a largely rural society to a predominantly urban one. Chinese cities, without question, have not escaped the danger of the series of problems during the rapid progress of urbanization. Therefore, monitoring the spatial-temporal patterns of urban sprawl and their impact on the environment is of critical importance for urban planning and sustainable development, especially in developing Chinese cities such as Shanghai.
To date, few studies have focused on the urban trajectories of Shanghai over the past 30 years from a remote sensing perspective. Most of the studies were concentrated on the technical issues of image processing and classification. Moreover, research on spatial metrics has focused on analyzing remote sensing classification results rather than on the use of interpreting, assessing, and verifying urban simulation results. Furthermore, many researches merely focused on baseline projection and very few studies took into consideration urban growth scenarios so far. As yet there have been no reported scenario simulations of future Shanghai growth with several land-use categories within urban areas.
The overall objective of this research is to investigate the integration of remote sensing, spatial metrics, and spatial-temporal models in the monitoring, analysis, and simulation of urban growth in Shanghai, China. The specific objectives are to: 1). monitor urban dynamics over time with multi-sensor remote sensing images; 2). quantify spatial-temporal properties of urban growth and representing the urban morphological structures by means of spatial metrics; and 3). simulate the geographic extent, patterns, and detailed catalogs of urban growth under different scenarios using Markov-Cellular Automata (Markov-CA) model to support decision making for a more sustainable Shanghai.
Through this study, the combined approach using remotely sensed data with change detection techniques, spatial metrics, and a scenarios-based simulation model proved to be effective to understand, represent, and predict the spatial-temporal dynamics of urban growth. In detail, the segmented-based hierarchy classification and visual interpretation were effective methods to extract urban and industrial land with high-resolution remotely sensed images. Direct change detection using variables derived from tasseled cap transformation was efficient for monitoring impervious surface sprawl. Spatial metrics is a quick and executable way to assessing the impact of urban sprawl on landscape dynamic. Markov-CA model is a useful tool to simulate the scenarios of future urban developments and therefore provides the policy options for sustainable urban planning.
The research results of urban trajectories and impervious surface sprawl showed that Shanghai experienced high-speed urban sprawl and the rate of urban expansion, however, was not homogeneous spatially and temporally. The general annual urban expansion speed was 34.8 km2 per year; nevertheless, it reached 80.2 km2 per year recent six years from 2001 to 2007, while it touched the bottom speed around 14.3 km2 per year during 1979-1989. The expanded area in the Puxi region was 5.23 times of its original area while that of Pudong region was 19.94 times of its original area during 1979-2007. The research results of landscape analysis demonstrated that greenbelt becomes fractured while infrastructural and commercial area is more and more aggregated in the central Shanghai area, and satellite images such as SPOT Pan, XS and Landsat TM with 10-30 meter resolution are sufficient for the landscape dynamic research in central Shanghai area. The results of scenarios-based simulation indicated that built-up areas in Shanghai will increase significantly in 2025 and Shanghai will experience less urban sprawl and retain a better environment in 2025 under service-oriented center (SOC) than under baseline (NS) or manufacturing-dominant center (MDC) scenario. If favorable policy for MDC scenario is adopted, however, there will be a lot of manufacturing industries gathering in Shanghai and more agricultural lands will be encroached.
The present research focused on the analysis of physical and morphological aspects of urban growth. Urban land-use dynamics are, however, intrinsically linked with socio-economic, political, or demographic drivers. Trying to fill in the missing link between traditional urban geography and urban remote sensing & urban simulation and to improve understanding of the interactions between human and natural aspects in the urban socio-ecosystem is the major focus in the next phase of the Ph.D. research.
Keywords: Urban growth, Spatial-temporal pattern, Remote sensing, Spatial metrics, Scenarios-based simulation, Shanghai
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Dias, Lívia Caroline César. "Análise da paisagem da área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual do Rio Pandeiros, MG : subsídios para o manejo e conservação da fauna." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9118.
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Outra
The advancement of human occupation and the evolution of its many activities have put many ecosystems at risk. The loss of native vegetation to agricultural practices has resulted in the fragmentation of habitats, which has serious consequences for biodiversity. Protected areas exist to try to avoid these interferences, but enforcement is not always effective and can avoid impacts. This scenario makes fundamental the analysis of the landscape of protected areas in macro-scale in order to try to predict and to reverse the impacts resulting from the expansion of the anthropic occupation. In view of these considerations, this dissertation aimed to obtain information about the landscape of the State Environmental Protection Area Rio Pandeiros (PSA Pandeiros), through the use of structural indexes of the landscape. The information was inserted and analyzed in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The landscape structure was evaluated through the land use and land cover dynamics of PSA Pandeiros in 1995 and 2015. The evaluation of priority areas for PSA conservation was evaluated through the application of landscape metrics based on the results of the use and coverage evaluation from the land. And the evaluation of the location of ecological corridors for the PSA area was carried out based on the analysis of PSA connectivity potential from the results of the landscape metrics. The results showed that agricultural activities have strong influence structure of the landscape, mainly the pasture. The advancement of agricultural practices has made the landscape of the PSA suffer some degree of fragmentation which if not controlled will have serious consequences for the local biodiversity. The PSA still presents some fragments that have been considered high conservation areas due to their size and shape, are essential areas for actions that encourage the protection of the PSA. The analysis of the location of the ecological corridors showed that the proposed corridors are located in conservation priority areas and, therefore, their consolidation is necessary so that the fragmentation process of the PSA begins to be reversed and that the PSA may in the near future have A more connected landscape to ensure the 26 species of medium and large mammals found in the PSA and all the biodiversity that is interconnected.
O avanço da ocupação humana e a evolução de suas inúmeras atividades têm colocado diversos ecossistemas em perigo. A perda de vegetação nativa para práticas agrícolas tem resultado na fragmentação dos habitats o que gera graves consequências para a biodiversidade. As áreas Protegidas existem para tentar evitar estas interferências, mas nem sempre a fiscalização é efetiva e consegue evitar os impactos. Esse cenário torna fundamental a análise da paisagem de áreas protegidas em macro escala de forma a tentar prever e reverter os impactos resultantes da expansão da ocupação antrópica. Diante dessas considerações, esta dissertação teve como objetivo a obtenção de informações sobre a paisagem da Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual do Rio Pandeiros (APA Pandeiros), por meio da utilização de índices estruturais da paisagem. As informações foram inseridas e analisadas em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG). A estrutura da paisagem foi avaliada através da dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra da APA Pandeiros em 1995 e 2015. A avaliação de áreas prioritárias para conservação da APA foi avaliada através da aplicação de métricas da paisagem baseadas nos resultados da avaliação do uso e cobertura da terra. E a avaliação da localização de corredores ecológicos para a área da APA foi realizada baseada na análise do potencial de conectividade da APA a partir dos resultados das métricas da paisagem. Os resultados mostraram que as atividades agrícolas têm forte influência estrutura da paisagem, principalmente a pastagem. O avanço das práticas agrícolas fez com que a paisagem da APA sofresse certo grau de fragmentação que caso não seja controlado trará sérias consequências para a biodiversidade local. A APA ainda apresenta alguns fragmentos que foram considerados como áreas de alta prioridade para a conservação devido ao seu formato e tamanho, são áreas essenciais para ações que incentivem a proteção da APA. A análise da localização dos corredores ecológicos mostrou que os corredores propostos estão localizados em áreas prioritárias para a conservação e dessa forma, a sua consolidação é necessária para que o processo de fragmentação da APA comece a ser revertido e que a APA possa num futuro próximo ter uma paisagem mais conectada a fim de assegurar as 26 espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte encontrada na APA e toda a biodiversidade que está interligada.
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Sapena, Moll Marta. "Development and analysis of land-use/land-cover spatio-temporal metrics in urban environments: Exploring urban growth patterns and linkages to socio-economic factors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/158626.
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[ES] Esta tesis aborda el desarrollo y análisis de nuevas herramientas y métodos para monitorizar y caracterizar el crecimiento urbano utilizando datos geográficos y bases de datos de usos y coberturas del suelo (LULC), así como explorar sus relaciones con factores socioeconómicos, aportando nuevas evidencias sobre el uso de los datos LULC para la caracterización urbana en diferentes niveles mediante métodos espaciales y estadísticos. En primer lugar, se compilaron e implementaron las métricas espacio-temporales más comunes dentro de una herramienta software, IndiFrag. A continuación, se presenta una metodología basada en métricas espacio-temporales y se propone un nuevo índice que cuantifica la desigualdad entre el crecimiento de la población y las zonas edificadas, para analizar y comparar los patrones de crecimiento urbano en diferentes niveles. Esto permitió una distinción de los patrones de crecimiento, además el análisis a diversos niveles contribuyó a una mejor comprensión de los patrones. En segundo lugar, se cuantificaron relaciones bidireccionales entre la estructura urbana de las ciudades y su situación socioeconómica a partir de métricas espaciales extraídas de mapas de zonas climáticas locales en 31 ciudades en Renania del Norte-Westfalia (Alemania). A partir de estos datos se cuantificaron relaciones con indicadores socioeconómicos mediante modelos de regresión lineal múltiple, explicando gran parte de su variabilidad. El método propuesto es transferible a otros conjuntos de datos, niveles y regiones. En tercer lugar, se evaluó el uso de las métricas espacio-temporales derivadas de los mapas LULC para identificar patrones espaciales de crecimiento urbano. Se utilizaron modelos de cambio de usos del suelo para simular diferentes escenarios de crecimiento urbano a largo plazo siguiendo varios patrones espaciales en diversas formas urbanas de partida. A continuación, se calcularon las métricas espacio-temporales para los escenarios simulados, se seleccionaron las más explicativas aplicando análisis discriminante y se clasificaron los patrones de crecimiento utilizando métodos estadísticos de agrupación. Por último, se identificaron relaciones empíricas entre indicadores socioeconómicos y su evolución a lo largo del tiempo con la estructura espacial de los elementos construidos y naturales en hasta 600 áreas urbanas de 32 países. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión random forest y las métricas espacio-temporales fueron capaces de explicar considerablemente la variabilidad de los indicadores socioeconómicos, confirmando que los patrones espaciales y sus cambios están vinculados a los indicadores socioeconómicos. Este trabajo contribuye a una mayor comprensión de los patrones de crecimiento urbano y amplía el conocimiento sobre las relaciones entre la estructura espacial urbana y los factores socioeconómicos. Se describen nuevos métodos para monitorizar y evaluar la sostenibilidad urbana a partir de bases de datos LULC, que podrían ser utilizadas por los investigadores, planificadores urbanos y responsables políticos para garantizar un futuro sostenible en los entornos urbanos.[CAT] Aquesta tesi aborda el desenvolupament i l'anàlisi de noves ferramentes i mètodes per a monitorar i caracteritzar el creixement urbà utilitzant dades geogràfiques i bases de dades d'usos i cobertures del sòl (LULC), així com explorar les seues relacions amb factors socioeconòmics, i aportar noves evidències sobre la utilització de les dades LULC per a la caracterització urbana en diferents nivells mitjançant mètodes espacials i estadístics. En primer lloc, es van compilar i implementar mètriques espaciotemporals dins d'un programari, IndiFrag. A continuació, es presenta una metodologia basada en mètriques espaciotemporals i es proposa un nou índex que quantifica la desigualtat entre el creixement de la població i les zones edificades, i serveix per a analitzar i comparar els patrons de creixement urbà a diferents nivells. Això va permetre una distinció dels patrons de creixement, a més l'anàlisi a diversos nivells va contribuir a una millor comprensió dels patrons. En segon lloc, es van quantificar relacions bidireccionals entre l'estructura urbana de les ciutats i la seua situació socioeconòmica a partir de mètriques espacials extretes de mapes de zones climàtiques locals en 31 ciutats a Renània del Nord-Westfàlia (Alemanya). A partir d'aquestes dades es van quantificar relacions amb indicadors socioeconòmics mitjançant models de regressió lineal múltiple, explicant gran part de la seua variabilitat. El mètode proposat és transferible a altres conjunts de dades, nivells i regions. Seguidament, es va avaluar l'ús de les mètriques espaciotemporals derivades dels mapes LULC per a identificar patrons espacials de creixement urbà. Es van utilitzar models de canvi d'usos del sòl per a simular diferents escenaris de creixement urbà a llarg termini seguint diversos patrons espacials en diverses formes urbanes de partida. A continuació, es van calcular les mètriques espaciotemporals per als escenaris simulats, es van seleccionar les més explicatives aplicant anàlisi discriminant i es van classificar els patrons de creixement utilitzant mètodes estadístics d'agrupació. Finalment, es van identificar relacions empíriques entre indicadors socioeconòmics i la seua evolució al llarg del temps, amb l'estructura espacial dels elements construïts i naturals en fins a 600 àrees urbanes de 32 països. Es van aplicar models de regressió random forest i les mètriques van ser capaces d'explicar considerablement la variabilitat dels indicadors socioeconòmics, això confirma que els patrons espacials i els seus canvis estan vinculats als indicadors socioeconòmics. Aquest treball contribueix a una major comprensió dels patrons de creixement urbà i amplia el coneixement sobre les relacions entre l'estructura espacial urbana i els factors socioeconòmics. Es descriuen nous mètodes per a monitorar i avaluar la sostenibilitat urbana a partir de bases de dades LULC, que podrien ser utilitzades pels investigadors, planificadors urbans i responsables polítics per a garantir un futur sostenible en els entorns urbans.
[EN] This thesis addresses the development and analysis of new tools and methods for monitoring and characterizing urban growth using geo-data and land-use/land-cover (LULC) databases, as well as exploring their relationships with socio-economic factors, providing new evidences regarding the use of LULC data for urban characterization at different levels by means of spatial and statistical methods. First, the most common spatio-temporal metrics were compiled and implemented within a software tool, IndiFrag. Then, we present a methodology based on spatio-temporal metrics and propose a new index that quantifies the inequality of growth between population and built-up areas to analyze and compare urban growth patterns at different levels. This allowed for a differentiation of growing patterns, besides, the analysis at various levels contributed to a better understanding of such patterns. Second, we quantified the two-way relationship between the urban structure in cities and their socio-economic status by means of spatial metrics issued from a local climate zone map for 31 cities in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Based on these data, we quantified their relationship with socio-economic indicators by means of multiple linear regression models, explaining a significant part of their variability. The proposed method is transferable to other datasets, levels, and regions. Third, we assessed the use of spatio-temporal metrics derived from LULC maps to identify urban growth spatial patterns. We applied LULC change models to simulate different long-term scenarios of urban growth following various spatial patterns on diverse baseline urban forms. Then, we computed spatio-temporal metrics for the simulated scenarios, selected the most explanatory by applying a discriminant analysis and classified the growth patterns using clustering methods. Finally, we identified empirical relationships between socio-economic indicators and their change over time with the spatial structure of the built and natural elements in up to 600 urban areas from 32 countries. We employed random forest regression models and the spatio-temporal metrics were able to explain substantially the variability of socio-economic variables. This confirms that spatial patterns and their change are linked to socio-economic indicators. This work contributes to a better understanding of urban growth patterns and improves knowledge about the relationships between urban spatial structure and socio-economic factors, providing new methods for monitoring and assessing urban sustainability by means of LULC databases, which could be used by researchers, urban planners and decision-makers to ensure the sustainable future of urban environments.
Sapena Moll, M. (2020). Development and analysis of land-use/land-cover spatio-temporal metrics in urban environments: Exploring urban growth patterns and linkages to socio-economic factors [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/158626
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Unal, Calargun Seda. "Fuzzy Association Rule Mining From Spatio-temporal Data: An Analysis Of Meteorological Data In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609308/index.pdf.
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Data mining is the extraction of interesting non-trivial, implicit, previously unknown and
potentially useful information or patterns from data in large databases. Association rule
mining is a data mining method that seeks to discover associations among transactions encoded
within a database. Data mining on spatio-temporal data takes into consideration the
dynamics of spatially extended systems for which large amounts of spatial data exist, given
that all real world spatial data exists in some temporal context. We need fuzzy sets in mining
association rules from spatio-temporal databases since fuzzy sets handle the numerical
data better by softening the sharp boundaries of data which models the uncertainty embedded
in the meaning of data. In this thesis, fuzzy association rule mining is performed
on spatio-temporal data using data cubes and Apriori algorithm. A methodology is developed
for fuzzy spatio-temporal data cube construction. Besides the performance criteria
interpretability, precision, utility, novelty, direct-to-the-point and visualization are defined
to be the metrics for the comparison of association rule mining techniques. Fuzzy association
rule mining using spatio-temporal data cubes and Apriori algorithm performed
within the scope of this thesis are compared using these metrics. Real meteorological data
(precipitation and temperature) for Turkey recorded between 1970 and 2007 are analyzed
using data cube and Apriori algorithm in order to generate the fuzzy association rules.
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Silva, Kmila Gomes da. "Avaliação da cobertura florestal da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Alegre, Sul do estado do Espírito Santo, utilizando geotecnologias." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5824.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-12The analysis of the plant covering behavior on a temporal scale addresses practices that make forest remnant sustainability possible. The present study seeks to analyze the dynamics of the forest fragments in the hydrographic subbasin of the Alegre river, Espirito Santo state, based on the alterations of the plant covering and the structure of the forest landscape on a space-time scale, through two chapters. The first is based on the hypothesis that vegetation indexes can express similar vegetative or differentiated vigor of canopies of a specific area. To test the hypothesis, the objective was to to compare three vegetation indexes: TVI (Transformed Vegetation Index), CTVI (Corrected Transformed Vegetation Index) and RATIO (Ratio Vegetation Index), in relation to the behavior of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), regarding the discrimination of the vegetative vigor, as well as the alterations in the forest cover between 1987 and 2010. Through the obtained results, it was verified that the vegetation indexes allowed to estimate the vegetative vigor of the plant covering. A 4.90% (NDVI) increase and one of 7.78% (TVI) of forest covering, a pasture reduction of 3.34% (NDVI) and 5.53% (TVI) and a reduction of nonvegetated areas of 5.93% (NDVI) and 3.35% (TVI), in the period between 1987 and 2010 were evidenced. The natural regeneration process might have been the decisive factor for the area increrease and the changes in the forest vegetation of the area. The second chapter was based on the hypotheses that:1) In the forest landscape the predominance of fragments of small area occured during the years studied (1975, 2002 and 2007); 2) there is a predominance of forest fragments with complex forms and with smaller central area; 3) The forest remnants are isolated and with a larger border area. Based on the above, the aim was to characterize the space and temporal evolution of the forest fragment structures using landscape ecology metrics applied in the years of 1975, 2002 and 2007; the structural analysis of the forest fragments was conducted contemplating area parameters, form, nucleus, border and proximity by size classes. Based on the obtained results, a 7% increase was verified in the total area of the forest covering with the appearance of 645 new fragments. The number of fragments increased and the area of contribution small, which implied in the high border/area ratio. The smallest fragments (< 1 ha.) presented simple geometric form in relation to the others. The largest forest fragments (> 20 ha.) were shown proximate, presenting a tendency towards reduction of the proximity measure values
A análise do comportamento da cobertura vegetal numa escala temporal direciona práticas que viabilizam a sustentabilidade dos remanescentes florestais. O presente estudo visa analisar a dinâmica dos fragmentos florestais na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Alegre-ES, com base nas alterações da cobertura vegetal e na estrutura da paisagem florestal em uma escala espaço temporal, por meio de dois capítulos. O primeiro deles com base na hipótese de que índices de vegetação podem expressar vigores vegetativos semelhantes ou diferenciados, de dosséis de uma determinada região. Para testar a hipótese, objetivou-se comparar três índices de vegetação: TVI (Transformed Vegetation Index), CTVI (Corrected Transformed Vegetation Index) e RATIO (Ratio Vegetation Index), em relação ao comportamento do NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Índex), quanto à discriminação do vigor vegetativo, bem como as alterações na cobertura florestal entre 1987 e 2010. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que os índices de vegetação permitiram estimar o vigor vegetativo da cobertura vegetal. Evidenciou-se o aumento da cobertura florestal de 4,90% (NDVI) e 7,78% (TVI), redução de pastagens de 3,34% (NDVI) e 5,53% (TVI), e redução de áreas não vegetadas de 5,93% (NDVI) e 3,35% (TVI), entre o período de 1987 e 2010. O processo de regeneração natural pode ter sido o fator determinante para o incremento de área e as mudanças na vegetação florestal da região. Já o segundo capítulo, baseou-se nas hipóteses de que: 1) Na paisagem florestal ocorre a predominância de fragmentos de pequena área durante os anos estudados (1975, 2002 e 2007); 2) Há predominância de fragmentos florestais com formas complexas e com menor área central; 3) Os remanescentes florestais estão isolados e com maior área de borda. Diante disso, objetivou-se caracterizar a evolução espacial e temporal das estruturas dos fragmentos florestais, utilizando as métricas da ecologia da paisagem aplicadas nos anos de 1975, 2002 e 2007; a análise estrutural dos fragmentos florestais foi realizada contemplando parâmetros de área, forma, núcleo, borda e proximidade em classes de tamanho. Com base nos resultados obtidos, verificou-se um aumento de 7% na área total da cobertura florestal com o surgimento de 645 novos fragmentos. O número de fragmentos foi elevado e a área de contribuição pequena, o que implicou na alta relação de borda/área. Os menores fragmentos (< 1 ha) apresentaram forma geométrica simples, em relação aos demais. Os maiores fragmentos florestais ( > 20 ha) mostraram-se próximos, apresentando uma tendência de redução nos valores da métrica de proximidade
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Müller, Daniel. "Trajectory Generation under Metric Interval Temporal Logic Specifications." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217122.
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Metric interval temporal logic (MITL) provides a tool to formulate high level tasks in an easyway. This allows to specify behaviour of a dynamical system in a given environment which liesbeyond the scope of simple stabilization. Finding an input of the system which satises the MITLformula, demands new techniques and algorithms. In this thesis, a novel approach is presented whichabstracts the dynamical system into a time optimal weighted transition system (WTS) and convertsthe MITL formula into a Timed Buchi Automaton (TBA). From the graph product of the WTS andTBA a sequence of environment states together with time constraints is obtained. Together with auser specied cost function, the sequence is translated into an optimization problem. The solutionof this nal optimization problem satises the MITL formula for the dynamical system in the givenenvironment and is obtained by using methods from optimal control.Metric interval temporal logic (MITL) ger ett verktyg för att formulera uppgifter på hög nivåpå ett enkelt sätt. Detta gör det möjligt att specificera beteendet hos ett dynamiskt system i engiven miljö som ligger utanför ramen för enkel stabilisering. Att hitta en insignal till systemet somuppfyller MITL-formeln kräver nya tekniker och algoritmer. I denna avhandling presenteras ett nytttillvägagångssätt som abstraherar det dynamiska systemet till ett tidsoptimerat weighted transitionsystem (WTS) och omvandlar MITL-formeln till en Timed Büchi Automaton (TBA). Frångrafprodukten av WTS och TBA erhålls en sekvens av sakens tillstånd tillsammans med tidsbegränsningar. Tillsammans med en användardefinierad kostnadsfunktion är sekvensen översatt till ettoptimeringsproblem. Lösningen av det här slutliga optimeringsproblemet uppfyller MITL-formelnför det dynamiska systemet i den givna miljön och erhålls genom att använda metoder från optimalkontroll.
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Silva, Normandes Matos da. "Dinâmica de uso das terras nos municípios de Bonito, Jardim e Bodoquena (MS) e o estado e conservação dos recursos biológicos do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena e de sua zona de amortecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-09062008-141526/.
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A pesquisa abordou o processo de uso e ocupação das terras nos municípios de Bodoquena, Bonito e Jardim, situados na borda leste do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB), região sudoeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. Além disso, foi estudado o estado de conservação, em termos de estrutura e configuração da paisagem, dos remanescentes de cerrado e floresta contidos no interior do PNSB e em sua zona de amortecimento. O objetivo foi o de analisar a dinâmica de ocupaçao das terras nos municípios mencionados nos últimos 18 anos, com vistas à subsidiar estratégias de planejamento do uso e ocupação das terras ideal para a região. Objetivou-se também analisar a dinâmica espacial e temporal da paisagem que compõe o PNSB e sua zona de amortecimento, visando à conservação da biodiversidade local. Para isso, foi utilizado um sistema de informação geográfica (SIG) para elaboração de mapas temáticos e de um banco de dados georreferenciado. A determinação do grau de conservação do PNSB e da sua zona de amortecimento se deu mediante a utilização de métricas de paisagem, e da adoção dos preceitos da Teoria dos Grafos. O capítulo 1 demonstrou, por meio dos mapas gerados para os municípios de Bodoquena, Jardim e Bonito, dos anos de 1986 e 2004, que ocorreu uma perda de área nativa e um conseqüente crescimento da matriz antrópica composta por pastagens (principalmente) e culturas agrícolas. Apenas em Bodoquena os remanescentes vegetais tiveram maior porcentual que as áreas de pastagens e lavouras. Pode-se observar que a região estudada, passa por um processo de conversão de habitats naturais, outrora contínuos, para uma paisagem composta por fragmentos de cerrados, campos e florestas. O capítulo 2 mostrou que as fisionomias florestais e de cerrado, apresentaram-se em melhor estado de conservação em 1986 que em 2004. Além disso, foi possível observar que os remanescentes das formações vegetais acima citadas, apresentaram-se em melhor estado de conservação no interior do PNSB, que em sua zona de amortecimento. O mapa de relevância dos remanescentes de floresta, considerando as notas combinadas das métricas de forma e área das manchas indicou, quais são as áreas prioritárias para serem protegidas, por possuírem características adequadas para a persistência da biodiversidade florestal presente no PNSB e em sua zona de amortecimento. O setor norte se destacou por apresentar remanescentes com valores alto e extremamente alto com relação à relevância. O mesmo setor norte possui um maior número de pontos de sensibilidade à quebra de conectividade entre as manchas de floresta. Nesta região pode-se observar que a maior parte dos pontos com alta sensibilidade, merece alguma estratégia que retarde ou mesmo cesse o processo de conversão da floresta para pastagem ou agricultura. Com relação ao padrão de fragmentação dos remanescentes vegetais, conclui-se o seguinte: os remanescentes de cerrado e floresta, no intervalo de dezoito anos, ficaram menores, mais irregulares, mais distantes e mais numerosos, indicando uma piora no estado de conservação da paisagem entre 1986 e 2004. Isso compromete a manutenção da biodiversidade, a persistência de espécies, diminuindo suas populações mínimas viáveis. A diversificação das formas de uso das terras na matriz é recomendada, com a introdução da silvicultura (principalmente composta por espécies nativas), por exemplo, também poderá auxiliar na manutenção/surgimento da heterogeneidade espacial e da complexidade estrutural da paisagem. A Teoria dos Grafos, avaliada neste trabalho, apresentou-se como ferramenta eficiente para se calcular a conectividade em paisagens heterogêneas.The research approached the process of use and occupation of lands in the cities of Bonito, Bodoquena and Jardim, situated in the edge east of the National Park of the Serra da Bodoquena (NPSB), southwestern region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Moreover, the conservation state was studied, in terms of structure and configuration of the landscape, of the contained remainders of cerrado and forest in the interior of the NPSB and its buffer zone. The objective was to analyze the dynamics of occupation of lands in the cities mentioned in last the 18 years, with sights to subsidizing strategies of planning of the use and ideal occupation for the region. Also, it was objectified to analyze the space-temporal dynamics of the landscape that composes the PNSB and its buffer zone, aiming at to the conservation of local biodiversity. For this, geographic information system (GIS) for the classification of images of satellite and elaboration of thematic maps was used. The determination of the NPSB conservation degree and its buffer zone occurred by means of the use and of metrics of landscape ecology and the adoption of Graph Theory. Chapter 1 demonstrated, by the maps generated for the cities of Bonito, Bodoquena and Jardim, of the years of 1986 and 2004, that it occurred a loss of native area and a consequent growth of the composed matrix for pastures (mainly) and agriculture. Only in Bodoquena the vegetal remainders had percentual had been bigger than the areas of pastures and agriculture. It can be observed that the studied region passes for a process of conversion of natural habitats, long ago continuous, for a composed landscape for patches of cerrado and forests in a matrix predominantly represented by planted pasture and agriculture. Chapter 2 showed that the forest and cerrado physiognomy, had been presented in better conservation in 1986 that in 2004. Moreover, it was possible to observe that the remainders of the vegetal formations above cited, had been presented in better conservation in the interior of the NPSB, that in its buffer zone. The map of relevance of the remainders of forest, considering the agreed area and shape notes metric of the spots, had indicated which the priority areas to be protecting, for possessing characteristics adjusted for the persistence of present forest biodiversity in the NPSB and its buffer zone. The north sector had detached for presenting remainders with high and extremely high values to the relevance. The same north sector posses a bigger number of points of sensitivity to the break of connectivity between the forest spots. In this region it can be observed that most of the points with high sensitivity deserves some strategy that delays or stop the conversion process of the forest for pasture or agriculture. Regard the standard of spelling of the vegetal remainders, had been concluded that: the remainders of cerrado and forest, in the interval of eighteen years, had been lesser, more irregular, more distant and more numerous, indicating a worsening in the state of conservation of the landscape between 1986 and 2004. This compromises the maintenance of biodiversity, the species persistence, diminishing its viable minimum populations. The diversification of the forms of use of lands in the matrix is recommended, with the introduction of forestry (mainly composed for native species), for example, also it will be able to assist in the maintenance/sprouting of the space heterogeneity and the structural complexity of the landscape. The Graph Theory, evaluated in this work, was presented as efficient tool to calculate the connectivity in heterogeneous landscapes.
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Olšák, Ondřej. "Verifikace za běhu systémů s vlastnostmi v MTL logice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449176.
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This work is focused on the design of an algorithm for run-time verification over requirements given as formulas in metric temporal logic (MTL). Tree structure is used for verification of these requirements, which is similar to run of alternating timed automata from which the final algorithm is derivated. Designed algorithm is able to verify given MTL formulas over the runs of a program without a need to remember the whole program's trace. This allows to monitor a given program on potentially infinite runs.
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Andersson, Sofie. "Automatic Control Design Synthesis under Metric Interval Temporal Logic Specifications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187716.
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The problem of synthesizing controllers for motion planning of multi-agent systems under Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) high-level specifications has been of great interest and has been widely studied over the last years. However, LTL cannot handle time constraints as specifications. The time aspect would allow more complicated and specific tasks and it is therefore desirable to incorporate. This work aims to determine how control synthesis for a continuous linear system can be performed based on Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL), which is able to handle desired time constraints to high-level specifications. Firstly, a control design synthesis method for a single-agent, based on previous work within both the field of LTL and MITL is presented. Secondly, a control design synthesis method for multi-agent systems considering both local an global MITL specifications is presented. Extended simulations has been performed in MATLAB environment demonstrating the two proposed methodologies. The result shows that the methods guarantee that the MITL specifications are satisfied, for all cases for which a solution is found.Problemet gällande regulator syntetisering for rörelse planering av fler-agents system under Line-ar Temporal Logic (Linjär Temporal Logik=LTL) hög-nivå specifikationer har varit av stort intresse och har studerats brett under de senaste åren. LTL kan emellertid inte hantera tidsbegränsningar som specifikationer. Tidsaspekten skulle tillåta mer komplicerade och specifika uppgifter. Det är därför önskvärt att inkorporera. Målet med det här arbetet är att fastställa hur regulator syntetisering för ett kontinuerligt, linjärt system kan utföras utgående från Metric Interval Temporal Logic (Metrisk Intervall Temporal Logic =MITL), en gren av Temporal Logik som kan hantera de önskvärda tidsbegränsningarna för högnivå specifikationer. Först presenteras en metod för att syntetisera regulatorer för en-agents system. Metoden är baserad på tidigare arbeten inom fälten LTL och MITL. Sedan presenteras en metod för att syntetisera regulatorer för fler-agents system som ¨önskas uppfylla såväl lokala som globala MITL specifikationer. Utbredda simulationer har genomförts i MATLAB miljö för att demonstrera de två˚ föreslagna metoderna. Resultatet visar att metoderna garanterar att MITL specifikationerna är uppfyllda för alla fall för vilka en lösning hittas.
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Rossi, Alfred Vincent III. "Temporal Clustering of Finite Metric Spaces and Spectral k-Clustering." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500033042082458.
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Paul, Brandon Tyler. "The Cognitive Organization of Rhythmic Sounds: Metric Influence on Temporal Order Acuity." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337631041.
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Brucato, Matteo. "Temporal Information Retrieval." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5690/.
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Chan, Alton. "The Kinetic Structures of Metric Temporal Patterns in Selected Beginning Piano Method Series." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279319/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic structures or reinforcement schedules of metric temporal patterns (metric combination of note values within a measure) in five best-selling beginning piano method series. Based upon a survey mailed to 98 music dealers, the five best-selling beginning piano method series in 1992 and 1993 were identified as: the Alfred Basic Piano Library, Bastien Piano Basics, David Carr Glover Piano Library, John. W. Schaum Piano Course, and John Thompson Modern Course for Piano. A coding system was developed for identifying the numerical appearances and occurrences of various metric temporal patterns per learning piece within each method series. Several computer programs were written to compute the kinetic structures, scope, and pacing of metric temporal patterns for each method series. The derived data were then compared to delineate relationships between the three analytical variables.
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Ahlberg, Sofie. "Human-in-the-Loop Control Synthesis for Multi-Agent Systems under Metric Interval Temporal Logic Specifications." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-251666.
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With the increase of robotic presence in our homes and work environment, it has become imperative to consider human-in-the-loop systems when designing robotic controllers. This includes both a physical presence of humans as well as interaction on a decision and control level. One important aspect of this is to design controllers which are guaranteed to satisfy specified safety constraints. At the same time we must minimize the risk of not finding solutions, which would force the system to stop. This require some room for relaxation to be put on the specifications. Another aspect is to design the system to be adaptive to the human and its environment. In this thesis we approach the problem by considering control synthesis for multi-agent systems under hard and soft constraints, where the human has direct impact on how the soft constraint is violated. To handle the multi-agent structure we consider both a classical centralized automata based framework and a decentralized approach with collision avoidance. To handle soft constraints we introduce a novel metric; hybrid distance, which quantify the violation. The hybrid distance consists of two types of violation; continuous distance or missing deadlines, and discrete distance or spacial violation. These distances are weighed against each other with a weight constant we will denote as the human preference constant. For the human impact we consider two types of feedback; direct feedback on the violation in the form of determining the human preference constant, and direct control input through mixed-initiative control where the human preference constant is determined through an inverse reinforcement learning algorithm based on the suggested and followed paths. The methods are validated through simulations.I takt med att robotar blir allt vanligare i våra hem och i våra arbetsmiljöer, har det blivit allt viktigare att ta hänsyn till människan plats i systemen när regulatorerna för robotorna designas. Detta innefattar både människans fysiska närvaro och interaktion på besluts- och reglernivå. En viktig aspekt i detta är att designa regulatorer som garanterat uppfyller givna villkor. Samtidigt måste vi minimera risken att ingen lösning hittas, eftersom det skulle tvinga systemet till ett stopp. För att uppnå detta krävs det att det finns rum för att mjuka upp villkoren. En annan aspekt är att designa systemet så att det är anpassningsbart till människan och miljön. I den här uppsatsen närmar vi oss problemet genom att använda regulator syntes för multi-agent system under hårda och mjuka villkor där människan har direkt påverkan på hur det svaga villkoret överträds. För att hantera multi-agent strukturen undersöker vi både det klassiska centraliserade automata-baserade ramverket och ett icke-centraliserat tillvägagångsätt med krockundvikning. För att hantera mjuka villkor introducerar vi en metrik; hybrida avståndet, som kvantifierar överträdelsen. Det hybrida avståndet består av två typer av överträdelse (kontinuerligt avstånd eller missandet av deadlines, och diskret avstånd eller rumsliga överträdelser) som vägs mot varandra med en vikt konstant som vi kommer att kalla den mänskliga preferens kontanten. Som mänsklig påverkan överväger vi direkt feedback på överträdelsen genom att hon bestämmer värdet på den mänskliga preferens kontanten, och direkt påverkan på regulatorn där den mänskliga preferens konstanten bestäms genom en inverserad förstärkt inlärnings algoritm baserad på de föreslagna och följda vägarna. Metoderna valideras genom simuleringar.
QC20190517
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Fogaça, Isis Caroline Oliveira de Sousa. "Análise da evolução temporal de dados métricos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8661.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The expansion of different areas of knowledge through many types of information brought the necessity to support complex data (images, sounds, videos, strings, DNA chains, etc.), that do not have a Total Order Relationship and need other management mechanisms, like the contentbased retrieval. In general, they are represented in metric space domains, where we have only the elements and the distances between them. Through the characteristics extracted from them, we perform the similarity search. Considering the necessity to associate temporal information on these data in many applications, this work aims to analyze the temporal evolve of metric data. One alternative for this is embedding them into a multidimensional space to allow trajectories estimates. We studied different methods of embedding and analyzed how this affected the data’s distribution and, consequently, the estimates. Two new methods were purposed to estimate an element’s status on a different time from that available in database, in order to reduce the number of non-relevant elements on search results. These methods are based on radius search reduction (range) and evaluation of retrieved element’s proximity by using an approximation of reverse k- NN. We performed experiments which showed that purposed methods could improve the estimate’s result, that used to be performed only using k-NN searches.
A expansão de diferentes áreas do conhecimento com os diversos tipos de informação tornou necessário o suporte a dados complexos (imagens, sons, vídeos, cadeias de DNA, entre outros), que por não possuírem uma Relação de Ordem Total (ROT), necessitam de outros mecanismos de gerenciamento, como a recuperação por conteúdo. Em geral, esses dados são representados em domínios de espaços métricos, onde apenas se tem os elementos e as distâncias entre eles. Através das características extraídas dos mesmos, realiza-se consultas por similaridade. Considerando a necessidade de associar a informação temporal a esses dados em muitas aplicações, este trabalho visa analisar a evolução temporal dos dados métricos. Para isso, uma alternativa é mapeá-los para um espaço multidimensional, a fim possibilitar a estimativa de trajetórias. Neste trabalho, foram estudados diferentes métodos de mapeamento, sendo também analisado como o mapeamento afetou a distribuição dos mesmos e, por conseguinte, a realização das estimativas. Foram propostos dois novos métodos para estimar o estado de um elemento em um tempo diferente daqueles disponíveis na base de dados, com o objetivo de reduzir no conjunto resposta a quantidade de elementos não relevantes. Os métodos propostos são baseados na redução do raio de consulta na região estimada pela delimitação do raio de consulta (range) e a avaliação da proximidade dos elementos retornados utilizando verificação (aproximação) do k-NN reverso. Foram realizados experimentos que mostraram que os métodos propostos melhoraram o resultado final das estimativas, que anteriormente eram realizadas apenas com consultas aos vizinhos mais próximos.
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Rana, Atul, and Yaser Hamed. "Performance Management System for Temporary Employees : Understanding differences in Performance Management between Temporary and Permanent Employees." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31694.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to find the organizational practices in place for the performance evaluation of temporary employees and how that varies from permanent employees. Method – The study takes an inductive and interpretive approach to find out the unknown practices. The study is conducted over 7 respondents from different organizations split between recruitment agencies and client organizations and represents practices maintained by both set of industries. Findings – The study identifies low standardization in performance evaluation and discusses the variance from literature over the subject matter. Also a model is drawn based on the amalgamation of literary review and empirical results. Implications – The study presents variance in the processes for temporary employees and the prime areas where the variance occurs. For the organizations to have fair and just performance management system and for equality towards temporary employees, these issues must be addressed. Limitations – Cultural practices are not taken into consideration and literature might be based on different cultural practices than the respondents country and for a wholesome study, more respondents might be needed.
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Bueno, Renato. "Tratamento de tempo e dinamicidade em dados representados em espaços métricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-30032010-142105/.
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Os Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Bases de Dados devem atualmente ser capazes de gerenciar dados complexos, como dados multimídia, sequências genéticas, séries temporais, além dos dados tradicionais. Em consultas em grandes coleções de dados complexos, a similaridade entre os dados é o fator mais importante, e pode ser adequadamente expressada quando esses dados são representados em espaços métricos. Independentemente do domínio de um tipo de dados, existem aplicações que devem acompanhar a evolução temporal dos elementos de dados. Porém, os Métodos de Acesso Métrico existentes consideram que os dados são imutáveis com o decorrer do tempo. Visando o tratamento do tempo e dinamicidade em dados representados em espaços métricos, o trabalho apresentado nesta tese foi desenvolvido em duas frentes principais de atividades. A primeira frente tratou da inclusão das operações de remoção e atualização em métodos de acesso métrico, e visa atender às necessidades de domínios de aplicação em que dados em espaços métricos sofram atualização frequente, independentemente de necessitarem de tratamento temporal. Desta frente de atividades também resultou um novo método de otimização de àrvores métricas, baseado no algoritmo de remoção desenvolvido. A segunda frente de atividades aborda a inclusão do conceito de evolução temporal em dados representados em espaços métricos. Para isso foi proposto o Espaço Métrico-temporal, um modelo de representação de dados que permite a comparação de elementos métricos associado a informações temporais. O modelo conta com um método para identificar as contribuições relativas das componentes métrica e temporal no cálculo da similaridade. Também foram apresentadas estratégias para análise de trajetórias de dados métricos com o decorrer do tempo, através da imersão de espaços métrico-temporais em espaços dimensionais. Por fim, foi apresentado um novo método de balanceamento de múltiplos descritores para representação de imagens, fruto de modificações no método proposto para identificar as contribuições das componentes que podem formar um espaço métrico-temporalNowadays, the Database Management Systems (DBMS) must be able to manage complex data, such as multimedia data, genetic sequences, temporal series, besides the traditional data. For queries on large collections of complex data, the similarity among elements is the most relevant concept, and it can be adequately expressed when data are represented in metric spaces. Regardless of the data domain, there are applications that must tracking the evolution of data over time However, the existing Metric Access Methods assume that the data elements are immutable. Aiming at both treating time and allowing changes in metric data, the work presented in this thesis consisted of two main parts. The first part addresses the inclusion of the operations for element remotion and updating in metric access methods. These operations are meant to application domains that work with metric data that changes over time, regardless of the needed to manage temporal information. A new method for metric trees optimization was also developed in this part of the work. It was based on the proposed remotion algorithm. The second part of the thesis addresses including the temporal evolution concept in data represented in metric spaces. The Metric-Temporal Space was proposed, a representation model to allow comparing elements consisting of metric data with temporal information associated. The model includes a method to identify the relative contributions of the temporal and the metric components in the final similarity calculation. Strategies for trajectory analysis of metric data over time was also presented, through the immersion of metric-temporal spaced in dimensional spaces. Finally, a new method for weighting multiple image descriptors was presented. It was derived from changes in the proposed method to identify the contributions of the components of the metric-temporal space
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Bezerra, Tiago dos Santos. "Predi??o de s?ries temporais de par?metros de redes HSPA - WCDMA." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/19937.
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Com o crescimento da demanda de tr?fego de dados nas redes de terceira gera??o (3G), as operadoras de telefonia m?vel t?m atentado para o direcionamento dos recursos em infraestrutura nos locais onde se identifica maior necessidade. O direcionamento desses investimentos tem o objetivo de manter a qualidade do servi?o prestada principalmente em regi?es urbanas densas. Neste trabalho ? realizada a predi??o de s?ries temporais em rede WCDMA - HSPA dos par?metros Rx Power, RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), Ec/Io (Energy per chip/Interference) e taxa de transmiss?o (throughput) na camada f?sica. A coleta dos valores dos par?metros foi realizada numa rede em pleno funcionamento atrav?s de um drive test na cidade de Natal ? RN, uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Os modelos utilizados para predi??es das s?ries temporais foram os de Alisamento Exponencial Simples, Holt, Holt-Winters Aditivo e Holt-Winters Multiplicativo. O objetivo das predi??es das s?ries temporais ? verificar qual modelo ir? gerar as melhores predi??es dos par?metros da rede WCDMA - HSPA.
With the growing demand of data traffic in the networks of third generation (3G), the mobile operators have attempted to focus resources on infrastructure in places where it identifies a greater need. The channeling investments aim to maintain the quality of service especially in dense urban areas. WCDMA - HSPA parameters Rx Power, RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), Ec/Io (Energy per chip/Interference) and transmission rate (throughput) at the physical layer are analyzed. In this work the prediction of time series on HSPA network is performed. The collection of values of the parameters was performed on a fully operational network through a drive test in Natal - RN, a capital city of Brazil northeastern. The models used for prediction of time series were the Simple Exponential Smoothing, Holt, Holt Winters Additive and Holt Winters Multiplicative. The objective of the predictions of the series is to check which model will generate the best predictions of network parameters WCDMA - HSPA.
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Hong, Sujin. "Neural correlates of beat and metre perception : the role of the inferior frontal gyrus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21112.
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Temporal regularity and metrical organisation are important factors in beat and metre perception. The current thesis aims to investigate neural correlates of beat and metre perception in healthy non-musician volunteers, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In particular, the thesis focuses on determining the role of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG, in particular BA44/45) in beat and metre perception. The IFG has been proposed to be involved in higher order cognitive processes during various temporal sequencing, such as speech, movement, and music. Previous studies have shown that the temporal processing of rhythm activates auditory and sensorimotor areas, but the role of the IFG in rhythm perception has not yet been fully understood. Study 1 investigated beat perception in complex rhythms, in which the addition of volume accents either enhanced or weakened the beat perception, resulting in Unaccented, Beat Accented or Non-Beat Accented rhythms. Participants (N=14; 6 males) listened to rhythm pairs across all three conditions, and judged whether each rhythm pair was the same or different. Results showed that left IFG activation (BA44) was significantly greater during the Non-Beat Accented condition compared to Beat Accented condition, whereas the right IFG activation showed no significant difference between the two conditions. Study 2 investigated metre perception of a series of isochronous sequences, of which metrical organisation was grouped by 2/4 (C2), 3/4 (C3), or 4/4 (C4) using pitch accents, or remained without metrical grouping (or 1/4, C1). The same participants (N=15; 6 males) listened to the stimuli and indicated the perceived metrical grouping level. Results showed that the activation of bilateral IFG parametrically increased from C2 to C3 to C4. Interestingly, the activation was found to be significantly greater in C1 relative to C2, suggesting that involuntary subjective in C1 may increase the brain response. Converging results from both Study 1 and Study 2 demonstrated, firstly, that the bilateral IFG is involved in rhythm perception in addition to the auditory and sensorimotor areas, including primary and secondary auditory areas, supplementary motor areas, premotor areas, insula, and basal ganglia. Secondly, the left IFG (BA44) in particular was significantly modulated by the rhythmic complexity relating to both temporal regularity and metrical organisation, while showing the suppression during the Beat Accented rhythm condition of Study 1 and the binary pattern (C2) of Study 2. This thesis argues that the left IFG (BA44) may have the role the higher order cognitive processing, such as attention and prediction, in the perception of hierarchical structures in metric rhythms.
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Dhein, Guilherme. "Problemas de roteamento de veículos com dependência temporal e espacial entre rotas de equipes de campo." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3700.
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This thesis presents two new routing problems, both with objective functions focused on
relative positioning of teams during the routing horizon. The relative positioning results in
temporal and spatial dependencies among routes and is quantified with a nonlinear dispersion
metric, designed to evaluate the instantaneous distances among teams over a time
interval. This metric allows the design of objective functions to approximate teams during
routes execution, when minimized, or disperse them, when maximized. Both approximation
and dispersion are important routing characteristics in some practical applications, and
two new optimization problems are proposed with these opposite objectives. The first one
is a variation of the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem, and its goal is to find a set of
tours where the salesmen travel close to each other, minimizing dispersion. A Local Search
Genetic Algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. It includes specialized genetic
operators and neighborhoods. A new set of benchmark instances is proposed, adapted for
the new problem from literature instances. Computational results show that the proposed
approach provides solutions with the desired characteristics of minimal dispersion. The
second problem is a bi-objective arc routing problem in which routes must be constructed
in order to maximize collected profit and dispersion of teams. The maximization of the dispersion
metric fosters the scattering of the teams during routing procedure. Usually, profit
and dispersion objectives are conflicting, and by using a bi-objective approach the decision
maker is able to choose a trade-off between collecting profits and scattering teams. Two
solution methods are proposed, a Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm and a Multi-objective
Genetic Local Search Algorithm, both specialized in order to exploit the characteristics of
the problem. It is demonstrated, by means of computational experiments on a new set of
benchmark instances, that the proposed approach provides approximation sets with the
desired characteristics.Esta tese apresenta dois novos problemas de roteamento, ambos com funções objetivo voltadas para o posicionamento relativo das equipes durante o horizonte de roteamento. O posicionamento relativo resulta em uma dependência temporal e espacial entre rotas e é quantificado com uma métrica de dispersão não-linear, projetada para avaliar as distâncias instantâneas entre as equipes ao longo de um intervalo de tempo. Esta métrica permite a concepção de funções objetivo para aproximar as equipes durante a execução das rotas, quando minimizada, ou para dispersá-las, quando maximizada. Tanto a aproximação quanto a dispersão são características importantes de roteamento em algumas aplicações práticas, e dois novos problemas de otimização são propostos com esses objetivos opostos. O primeiro é uma variação do Problema de Múltiplos Caixeiros Viajantes, e seu objetivo é encontrar um conjunto de rotas em que os caixeiros viajam próximos uns dos outros, minimizando a dispersão. Um Algoritmo Genético com Busca Local é proposto para resolver o problema. Ele inclui operadores genéticos e vizinhanças especializados. Um novo conjunto de instâncias é proposto, adaptado para o novo problema de instâncias da literatura. Resultados computacionais mostram que a abordagem proposta proporciona soluções com as características desejadas de dispersão mínima. O segundo problema é um problema de roteamento de arcos biobjetivo em que as rotas devem ser construídas de modo a maximizar o lucro recolhido e o distanciamento entre as equipes. A maximização da métrica promove a dispersão das equipes durante a execução das rotas. Normalmente, os objetivos de lucro e dispersão são conflitantes, e com uma abordagem biobjetivo o tomador de decisão é capaz de avaliar a troca entre a coleta de lucros e a dispersão de equipes. Dois métodos de solução são propostos, um Algoritmo Genético Multiobjetivo e um Algoritmo Genético Multiobjetivo com Busca Local, ambos especializados para explorar as características do problema. É demonstrado, por meio de experimentos computacionais sobre um novo conjunto de instâncias, que a abordagem proposta fornece conjuntos de aproximação com as características desejadas.
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Jenkins, Mark Daniel. "Synthesis and alternating automata over real time." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f37ccc5f-8ed6-4b00-b9e3-28c4bb4ec60a.
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Alternating timed automata are a powerful extension of classical Alur-Dill timed automata that are closed under all Boolean operations. They have played a key role, among others, in providing verification algorithms for prominent specification formalisms such as Metric Temporal Logic. Unfortunately, when interpreted over an infinite dense time domain (such as the reals), alternating timed automata have an undecidable language emptiness problem. In this thesis we consider restrictions on this model that restore the decidability of the language emptiness problem. We consider the restricted class of safety alternating timed automata, which can encode a corresponding Safety fragment of Metric Temporal Logic. This thesis connects these two formalisms with insertion channel machines, a model of faulty communication, and demonstrates that the three formalisms are interreducible. We thus prove a non-elementary lower bound for the language emptiness problem for 1-clock safety alternating timed automata and further obtain a new proof of decidability for this problem. Complementing the restriction to safety properties, we consider interpreting the automata over bounded dense time domains. We prove that the time-bounded language emptiness problem is decidable but non-elementary for unrestricted alternating timed automata. The language emptiness problem for alternating timed automata is a special case of a much more general and abstract logical problem: Church's synthesis problem. Given a logical specification S(I,O), Church's problem is to determine whether there exists an operator F that implements the specification in the sense that S(I,F(I)) holds for all inputs I. It is a classical result that the synthesis problem is decidable in the case that the specification and implementation are given in monadic second-order logic over the naturals. We prove that this decidability extends to MSO over the reals with order and furthermore to MSO over every fixed bounded interval of the reals with order and the +1 relation.
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Rossholm, Andreas. "On Enhancement and Quality Assessment of Audio and Video in Communication Systems." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00604.
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The use of audio and video communication has increased exponentially over the last decade and has gone from speech over GSM to HD resolution video conference between continents on mobile devices. As the use becomes more widespread the interest in delivering high quality media increases even on devices with limited resources. This includes both development and enhancement of the communication chain but also the topic of objective measurements of the perceived quality. The focus of this thesis work has been to perform enhancement within speech encoding and video decoding, to measure influence factors of audio and video performance, and to build methods to predict the perceived video quality. The audio enhancement part of this thesis addresses the well known problem in the GSM system with an interfering signal generated by the switching nature of TDMA cellular telephony. Two different solutions are given to suppress such interference internally in the mobile handset. The first method involves the use of subtractive noise cancellation employing correlators, the second uses a structure of IIR notch filters. Both solutions use control algorithms based on the state of the communication between the mobile handset and the base station. The video enhancement part presents two post-filters. These two filters are designed to improve visual quality of highly compressed video streams from standard, block-based video codecs by combating both blocking and ringing artifacts. The second post-filter also performs sharpening. The third part addresses the problem of measuring audio and video delay as well as skewness between these, also known as synchronization. This method is a black box technique which enables it to be applied on any audiovisual application, proprietary as well as open standards, and can be run on any platform and over any network connectivity. The last part addresses no-reference (NR) bitstream video quality prediction using features extracted from the coded video stream. Several methods have been used and evaluated: Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Least Square Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM), showing high correlation with both MOS and objective video assessment methods as PSNR and PEVQ. The impact from temporal, spatial and quantization variations on perceptual video quality has also been addressed, together with the trade off between these, and for this purpose a set of locally conducted subjective experiments were performed.
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Occhipinti, Carlotta. "Analisi quantitativa del controllo motorio fine tramite sensori inerziali in bambini in età scolare: lo studio i-MOVE." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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In ogni attività quotidiana o professionale noi interagiamo costantemente con il mondo attraverso il movimento: tutta la comunicazione, che sia sotto forma di parola, scrittura o gesti, è mediata dal sistema motorio. Lo studio dei movimenti umani e del loro sviluppo nel tempo permette di comprendere il modo in cui le persone normalmente sviluppano le proprie abilità motorie e di individuare disturbi di varia natura in soggetti che, invece, presentano delle anormalità. Inoltre, esiste una forte relazione tra sviluppo motorio e sviluppo cognitivo. Questo lavoro ha permesso di fare un'analisi del movimento fine motorio in bambini in età scolare tramite l’impiego di sensori inerziali e di un test motorio recente e promettente, il Test of Motor Competence. In particolare, ai partecipanti, appartenenti ad una scuola primaria di Imola, è stato chiesto di svolgere delle prove di Placing Bricks (PB). Sulla base delle misure di accelerazione e velocità angolare registate, sono stati implementati degli algoritmi in grado di automatizzare il processo di segmentazione delle prove e il processo di identificazione delle fasi caratterizzanti ciascun ciclo di PB. Ai fini di una valutazione quantitativa delle abilità fine motorie si è proseguito con il calcolo dei tempi, con lo studio della variabilità temporale (Poincarè) e con l'applicazione di metriche non lineari (RQA e MSE). Infine, è stato effettuato un confronto statistico tra partecipanti di diversa età e\o di diverso sesso che ha mostrato una variabilità temporale e una regolarità maggiore nei partecipanti più piccoli e una complessità di movimento maggiore nei partecipanti più grandi.
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Wooller, René William. "Techniques for automated and interactive note sequence morphing of mainstream electronic music." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/20232/.
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Note sequence morphing is the combination of two note sequences to create a ‘hybrid transition’, or ‘morph’. The morph is a ‘hybrid’ in the sense that it exhibits properties of both sequences. The morph is also a ‘transition’, in that it can segue between them. An automated and interactive approach allows manipulation in realtime by users who may control the relative influence of source or target and the transition length. The techniques that were developed through this research were designed particularly for popular genres of predominantly instrumental electronic music which I will refer to collectively as Mainstream Electronic Music (MEM). The research has potential for application within contexts such as computer games, multimedia, live electronic music, interactive installations and accessible music or “music therapy”. Musical themes in computer games and multimedia can morph adaptively in response to parameters in realtime. Morphing can be used by electronic music producers as an alternative to mixing in live performance. Interactive installations and accessible music devices can utilise morphing algorithms to enable expressive control over the music through simple interface components.
I have developed a software application called LEMorpheus which consists of software infrastructure for morphing and three alternative note sequence morphing algorithms: parametric morphing, probabilistic morphing and evolutionary morphing. Parametric morphing involves converting the source and target into continuous envelopes, interpolation, and converting the interpolated envelopes back into note sequences. Probabilistic morphing involves converting the source and target into probability matrices and seeding them on recent output to generate the next note. Evolutionary morphing involves iteratively mutating the source into multiple possible candidates and selecting those which are judged as more similar to the target, until the target is reached.
I formally evaluated the probabilistic morphing algorithm by extracting qualitative feedback from participants in a live electronic music situation, benchmarked against a live, professional DJ. The probabilistic algorithm was competitive, being favoured particularly for long morphs. The evolutionary morphing algorithm was formally evaluated using an online questionnaire, benchmarked against a human composer/producer. For particular samples, the morphing algorithm was competitive and occasionally seen as innovative; however, the morphs created by the human composer typically received more positive feedback, due to coherent, large scale structural changes, as opposed to the forced continuity of the morphing software.
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"Cluster Metrics and Temporal Coherency in Pixel Based Matrices." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.24849.
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abstract: In this thesis, the application of pixel-based vertical axes used within parallel coordinate plots is explored in an attempt to improve how existing tools can explain complex multivariate interactions across temporal data. Several promising visualization techniques are combined, such as: visual boosting to allow for quicker consumption of large data sets, the bond energy algorithm to find finer patterns and anomalies through contrast, multi-dimensional scaling, flow lines, user guided clustering, and row-column ordering. User input is applied on precomputed data sets to provide for real time interaction. General applicability of the techniques are tested against industrial trade, social networking, financial, and sparse data sets of varying dimensionality.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Computer Science 2014
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Mushamiri, Memory. "Spatial and temporal changes of greenness metrics in Kruger National Park from 2000-2010." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12717.
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Cooke, Richard J. E. "Link prediction and link detection in sequences of large social networks using temporal and local metrics." Thesis, 2006. http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000370/.
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This dissertation builds upon the ideas introduced by Liben-Nowell and Kleinberg in The Link Prediction Problem for Social Networks [42]. Link prediction is the problem of predicting between which unconnected nodes in a graph a link will form next, based on the current structure of the graph.
The following research contributions are made:
• Highlighting the difference between the link prediction and link detection problems, which have been implicitly regarded as identical in current research. Despite hidden links and forming links having very highly significant differing metric values, they could not be distinguished from each other by a machine learning system using traditional metrics in an initial experiment. However, they could be distinguished from each other in a "simple" network (one where traditional metrics can be used for prediction successfully) using a combination of new graph analysis approaches.
• Defining temporal metric statistics by combining traditional statistical measures with measures commonly employed in financial analysis and traditional social network analysis. These metrics are calculated over time for a sequence of sociograms. It is shown that some of the temporal extensions of traditional metrics increase the accuracy of link prediction.
• Defining traditional metrics using different radii to those at which they are normally calculated. It is shown that this approach can increase the individual prediction accuracy of certain metrics, marginally increase the accuracy of a group of metrics, and greatly increase metric computation speed without sacrificing information content by computing metrics using smaller radii. It also solves the “distance-three task” (that common neighbour metrics cannot predict links between nodes at a distance greater than three).
• Showing that the combination of local and temporal approaches to link prediction can lead to very high prediction accuracies. Furthermore in “complex” networks (ones where traditional metrics cannot be used for prediction successfully) local and temporal metrics become even more useful.
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Yesserie, Addis Getnet. "Spatio-temporal land use/land cover changes analysis and monitoring in the Valencia Municipality, Spain." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/2537.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial TechnologiesIssues of land use/land cover changes and the direct or indirect relationships of these changes have drawn much attention in recent years. In the Mediterranean Spain, observed environmental changes influenced with dramatic urban growth and their likely changes can have extensive unforeseen ramification. Thus, the objectives of this research were to map and determine the nature, extent and rate of changes and to analyze the spatio-temporal land use/land cover change patterns and fragmentation that has occurred in Valencia Municipality. Multi-temporal Landsat MSS1976, TM1992 and ETM2001 images were acquired. Digital orthophotos, IKONOS images and existing Corine land cover maps were used as reference. More than 130 training samples were selected for classification of the Landsat images using supervised method parallelepiped-maximum likelihood algorithm in ERDAS Imagine 9.1, and land cover maps were generated and change detection analysis was performed.(...)
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Burak, Matthew K. "Developing Standardized Metrics to Quantify the Temporal Distribution of Migrating Anadromous Herring: Comparing Adult Returns Across Coastal Rivers." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/667.
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Understanding, quantifying, and comparing the temporal distribution of anadromous fish spawning migrations is an important yet vexing problem for fisheries research, management, and conservation. Central to this problem is the lack of a representative and comprehensive standardized suite of quantitative metrics to characterize the complex, multidimensional temporal distribution of migrating anadromous fish. Without this, it is not possible to develop effective sampling regimes, extrapolate counts to accurate population estimates, understand the basic ecology and behavior of anadromous fish, or make the comparisons through time and across river systems that are fundamental to sustainable conservation. In this thesis, I define, calculate, and compare 17 metrics that characterize the temporal distribution of migrating adult river herring [two closely related clupeids, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis)] as they return to spawn. These metrics are based on fish counts from three southeastern Massachusetts river systems that were obtained through a low-cost video monitoring system.
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Asabere, Stephen Boahen. "Urbanisation, Land Use and Soil Resource: Spatio-Temporal Analyses of Trends and Environmental Effects in Two Metropolitan Regions of Ghana (West Africa)." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-1534-9.
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"On metric interval temporal languages." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3705.
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Menninghaus, Mathias. "Automated Performance Test Generation and Comparison for Complex Data Structures - Exemplified on High-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Indices." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-20180823528.
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There exist numerous approaches to index either spatio-temporal or high-dimensional data. None of them is able to efficiently index hybrid data types, thus spatio-temporal and high-dimensional data. As the best high-dimensional indexing techniques are only able to index point-data and not now-relative data and the best spatio-temporal indexing techniques suffer from the curse of dimensionality, this thesis introduces the Spatio-Temporal Pyramid Adapter (STPA). The STPA maps spatio-temporal data on points, now-values on the median of the data set and indexes them with the pyramid technique. For high-dimensional and spatio-temporal index structures no generally accepted benchmark exists. Most index structures are only evaluated by custom benchmarks and compared to a tiny set of competitors. Benchmarks may be biased as a structure may be created to perform well in a certain benchmark or a benchmark does not cover a certain speciality of the investigated structures. In this thesis, the Interface Based Performance Comparison (IBPC) technique is introduced. It automatically generates test sets with a high code coverage on the system under test (SUT) on the basis of all functions defined by a certain interface which all competitors support. Every test set is performed on every SUT and the performance results are weighted by the achieved coverage and summed up. These weighted performance results are then used to compare the structures. An implementation of the IBPC, the Performance Test Automation Framework (PTAF) is compared to a classic custom benchmark, a workload generator whose parameters are optimized by a genetic algorithm and a specific PTAF alternative which incorporates the specific behavior of the systems under test. This is done for a set of two high-dimensional spatio-temporal indices and twelve variants of the R-tree. The evaluation indicates that PTAF performs at least as good as the other approaches in terms of minimal test cases with a maximized coverage. Several case studies on PTAF demonstrate its widespread abilities.
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Motala, A., James Heron, P. V. McGraw, N. W. Roach, and D. Whitaker. "Temporal rate is not a distinct perceptual metric." 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17861.
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yesSensory adaptation experiments have revealed the existence of ‘rate after-effects’ - adapting to a relatively fast rate makes an intermediate test rate feel slow, and adapting to a slow rate makes the same moderate test rate feel fast. The present work aims to deconstruct the concept of rate and clarify how exactly the brain processes a regular sequence of sensory signals. We ask whether rate forms a distinct perceptual metric, or whether it is simply the perceptual aggregate of the intervals between its component signals. Subjects were exposed to auditory or visual temporal rates (a ‘slow’ rate of 1.5 Hz and a ‘fast’ rate of 6 Hz), before being tested with single unfilled intervals of varying durations. Results show adapting to a given rate strongly influences the perceived duration of a single empty interval. This effect is robust across both interval reproduction and duration discrimination judgments. These findings challenge our understanding of rate perception. Specifically, they suggest that contrary to some previous assertions, the perception of sequence rate is strongly influenced by the perception of the sequence’s component duration intervals.
This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust [WT097387] grant to NWR
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"Dynamic Programming algorithm for Computing Temporal Logic Robustness." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18026.
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abstract: In this thesis we deal with the problem of temporal logic robustness estimation. We present a dynamic programming algorithm for the robust estimation problem of Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) formulas regarding a finite trace of time stated sequence. This algorithm not only tests if the MTL specification is satisfied by the given input which is a finite system trajectory, but also quantifies to what extend does the sequence satisfies or violates the MTL specification. The implementation of the algorithm is the DP-TALIRO toolbox for MATLAB. Currently it is used as the temporal logic robust computing engine of S-TALIRO which is a tool for MATLAB searching for trajectories of minimal robustness in Simulink/ Stateflow. DP-TALIRO is expected to have near linear running time and constant memory requirement depending on the structure of the MTL formula. DP-TALIRO toolbox also integrates new features not supported in its ancestor FW-TALIRO such as parameter replacement, most related iteration and most related predicate. A derivative of DP-TALIRO which is DP-T-TALIRO is also addressed in this thesis which applies dynamic programming algorithm for time robustness computation. We test the running time of DP-TALIRO and compare it with FW-TALIRO. Finally, we present an application where DP-TALIRO is used as the robustness computation core of S-TALIRO for a parameter estimation problem.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Computer Science 2013
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LEE, YI-SHENG, and 李易陞. "No-reference Video Quality Metric Computation Using Spatial, Temporal, Transform, and Spatiotemporal Features." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q8h52q.
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碩士國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
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Nowadays, Internet is booming and the perception of video quality by video providers and users is becoming more important, but limit by the bandwidth of network transmission. No reference video quality computation is the best and well-known in three types of video quality assessment metrics. In this study, the proposed video quality computation metric is based on no reference and extracted spatial, temporal, transform, and spatiotemporal features as the basis for predicting quality scores. First, edge detection and blockiness are extracted as the spatial features and difference of luminance and motion are extracted as temporal features. The pairwise products of discrete cosine transform and wavelet transform are extracted to enhance the center point pixel and surrounding neighbor pixels, and are regarded as transform features. Considering that spatial and temporal information can extracted simultaneously, the statistical properties of trajectory and three-dimensional discrete cosine transform are taken as spatiotemporal features. Finally, support vector regression is utilized to predict the final quality score. This experiment using LIVE video quality assessment database and experimental results show that the results have better results than other existing metrics.
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Martins, André Gil Cardeira. "Time series forecast and anomaly detection at scale applied to business metrics in an ERP environment." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20281.
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In the business world, dashboards are a widely used analytical mechanism that helps in the decision-making process by displaying insights, key performance indicators, and business metrics. The information provided by this type of mechanism is strongly aggregated, to obtain a high level of summarization and consequently make reading easier. However, the necessary summarization causes “blind spots” to appear by hiding important information such as a sharp drop in revenue from a specific customer, seller, or product/ service. These “blind spots” make it difficult to detect potential business problems and opportunities, which depend on lengthy and thorough additional exploration. Also, the digital transformation process has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of metrics for all systems supporting the business that need to be tracked. Thus, it will be possible to anticipate actions based on the prediction of future behavior, as well as to detect any isolated or successive deviation from the expected behavior.
With this dissertation, we intend to promote the acquisition of knowledge from business data through the application of Machine Learning techniques. Based on the Data-Driven Decision-Making process, we intend to propose integration into an ERP application of a mechanism to predict time-series behavior, as well as detecting and measuring possible anomalies.
For dealing with a wide diversity of time series, we propose a meta-learning forecasting method that uses a classifier to identify the best forecasting method for each time series. We also propose a new intelligent metric that allows us to sort time series by the accumulated anomaly.
The knowledge generated will complement the information provided by the analytical mechanisms typically present in an ERP application (including dashboards). In this way, we intend to contribute to the maximization of profits and reduction of the possibility of error or fraud, as well as waste and consequently mitigate uncertainty and reduce operational risk.
Our solution should promote the need to use Machine Learning in Small and Medium Enterprises, and consequently, future implementation of AI-Driven Decision Making. AI-Driven Decision-Making purposes an assertive and automated reaction to problems or opportunities encountered, but whose study is outside the scope of this dissertation.No meio empresarial, “dashboards” são mecanismos analíticos amplamente utilizados que ajudam no processo de tomada de decisão ao exibirem insights, indicadores de desempenho (KPIs) e métricas de negócio. A informação disponibilizada por este tipo de mecanismo é fortemente agregada, de forma a obter-se um elevado nível de sumarização e consequentemente facilitar a sua consulta. No entanto, a necessária sumarização provoca o surgimento de “blind spots”, ao ocultar informação importante como, por exemplo, uma quebra acentuada de receita de um cliente, ou de um vendedor, ou de um produto/serviço específico. Estes “blind spots” dificultam a deteção de eventuais problemas e oportunidades de negócio, que ficam dependentes de uma exploração adicional demorada e minuciosa. Adicionalmente, o processo de transformação digital tem como consequência um aumento substancial do número de métricas referentes a todos os sistemas que suportam o negócio, que importa acompanhar. Desta forma, será possível antecipar ações baseadas na previsão de um comportamento futuro, bem como detetar um eventual desvio isolado ou sucessivo face ao seu comportamento espectável. Como objetivo desta dissertação pretendemos promover a obtenção de conhecimento a partir de dados de negócio, através da aplicação de técnicas de Aprendizagem Automática (“Machine Learning”). Tendo por base o processo de tomada de decisão a partir de dados (“Data-Driven Decision-Making”) pretende-se propor a integração numa aplicação ERP de um mecanismo que permita prever o comportamento futuro de séries temporais que contêm dados de negócio, bem como detetar e medir possíveis anomalias de forma a poderem ser gerados alertas. Para lidar com uma ampla diversidade de séries temporais, propomos um método de previsão de meta-aprendizagem que utiliza um classificador para identificar o melhor método de previsão para cada série temporal, e uma nova métrica inteligente que permite ordenar séries temporais pela anomalia acumulada. O conhecimento gerado irá complementar a informação disponibilizada pelos mecanismos analíticos tipicamente existente numa aplicação ERP (incluindo “dashboards”). Desta forma pretendemos contribuir para uma maximização dos proveitos e redução da possibilidade de erro ou fraude, bem como do desperdício e consequentemente mitigar a incerteza e diminuir o risco operacional. Pretende-se igualmente que a solução promova a utilização de Aprendizagem Automática em Pequenas e Médias Empresas, e consequentemente uma futura implementação de tomada de decisões a partir de Inteligência Artificial (“AI-Driven Decision Making”), onde uma reação assertiva e automatizada é despoletada, face a problemas ou oportunidades encontradas, mas cujo estudo fica fora do âmbito do presente trabalho.
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(9738650), Dante P. Francomano. "Soundscape dynamics in the social-ecological systems of Tierra del Fuego." Thesis, 2020.
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Human society is presently beset by an array of anthropogenic social-ecological crises that threaten the sustainability of the social-ecological systems that sustain our livelihoods. While research alone will not rectify these issues, it can help to answer key questions that must be addressed to develop effective solutions. To address such questions in a cohesive, compelling manner, social-ecological research can be bounded, structured, and distilled through innumerable organizing principles or theoretical frameworks. For this dissertation, I focused on the geographic region of Tierra del Fuego and sought to draw from the array of disciplines and methods that use sound as a lens for biological, ecological, and/or social inquiry. I also endeavored to consider various temporal, spatial, and organizational scales while investigating a selection of topics with a) specific importance in the social-ecological systems of Tierra del Fuego and b) general relevance to global social-ecological challenges. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the dissertation, and Chapter 6 serves as a conclusion.
The objective of Chapter 2, “Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes”, was to provide some guidance to passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) practitioners on how to design appropriate temporal sampling schemes based on the temporal variability of the sounds one wishes to measure and the power and storage limitations of acoustic recorders. We first quantified the temporal variability of several soundscape measurements and compared that variability across sites and times of day. We also simulated a wide range of temporal sampling schemes in order to model their representativeness relative to continuous sampling.
For Chapter 3, “Sentinels for sentinels: passive acoustic and camera trap monitoring of sensitive penguin populations”, we tested the utility of PAM to monitor behavior and abundance of Magellanic (Spheniscus magellanicus) and southern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) at different spatial and temporal scales. We conducted in situ observations of the acoustic behavior of each species, and we compared acoustic metrics with penguin counts from narrowly focused camera traps and larger-extent observations of colony density.
Chapter 4, “Acoustic monitoring shows invasive beavers (Castor canadensis) increase avian diversity in Tierra del Fuego”, is focused on impacts of the invasive North American beaver (Castor canadensis) on Fuegian bird communities. We sought to determine how bird communities might differ between intact riparian forests, beaver ponds, and beaver meadows created by pond drainage. We conducted PAM and classic avian point counts under each of these conditions across seasons to test for differences between impact conditions and to compare the two methodologies.
For Chapter 5, “Human-nature connection and soundscape perception: insights from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina”, we evaluated the relationship between soundscape perception and nature relatedness by conducting surveys and soliciting responses to soundscape audio prompts. We also examined the potential for any demographic influences on nature relatedness or soundscape perception in the context of local social tensions.