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Journal articles on the topic 'Temporal meaning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Schilder, Frank. "Extracting meaning from temporal nouns and temporal prepositions." ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing 3, no. 1 (March 2004): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1017068.1017071.

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2

Kim, Jinhyung, Pyungwon Kang, and Incheol Choi. "Pleasure now, meaning later: Temporal dynamics between pleasure and meaning." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 55 (November 2014): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.018.

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3

Schmitt, G. J. E. "Bright red spots or – the meaning of the meaning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 2 (June 1995): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00038954.

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AbstractThere are methodological problems with the new techniques reviewed by Posner & Raichle. Some brain mechanisms are not detected by the temporal and spatial resolution. Questions are also raised by the stimulation paradigms.

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4

TALLBERG, ING-MARI. "Projection of Meaning in Fronto-Temporal Dementia." Discourse Studies 1, no. 4 (November 1999): 455–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445699001004004.

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5

Jackman, Henry. "Temporal externalism, conceptual continuity, meaning, and use." Inquiry 63, no. 9-10 (September 6, 2020): 959–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020174x.2020.1805706.

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6

Lee, Jungmee. "Temporal constraints on the meaning of evidentiality." Natural Language Semantics 21, no. 1 (October 10, 2012): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-012-9088-z.

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7

Kemp, Ryan. "Addiction as temporal disruption: interoception, self, meaning." Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 19, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-018-9578-7.

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8

Vandenberghe, R., A. C. Nobre, and C. J. Price. "The Response of Left Temporal Cortex to Sentences." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 4 (May 1, 2002): 550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08989290260045800.

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The meaning of a sentence differs from the sum of the meanings of its constituents. Left anterior temporal cortex responds to sentences more strongly than to unconnected words. We hypothesized that the anterior temporal response to sentences is due to this difference in meaning (compositional semantics). Using positron emission tomography (PET), we studied four experimental conditions (2 × 2 factorial design): In one condition, subjects read normal sentences. In a second condition, they read grammatically correct sentences containing numerous semantic violations (semantically random sentences). In a third condition, we scrambled the word order within the normal sentences, and, in a fourth condition, the word order was scrambled within the semantically random sentences. The left anterior temporal pole responded strongly to sentences compared to scrambled versions of sentences. A similar although weaker response occurred in the left anterior superior temporal sulcus and the left posterior middle temporal gyrus. A subset of voxels within the left anterior temporal pole responded more to semantically random sentences and their scrambled versions than to normal sentences and the corresponding scrambled versions (main effect of semantic randomness). Finally, the grammatical and the semantic factor interacted in a subset of voxels within the anterior temporal pole: Activity was higher when subjects read normal sentences compared to their scrambled versions but not for semantically random sentences compared to their corresponding scrambled versions. The effects of grammar and meaning and, most importantly, the interaction between grammatical and semantic factors are compatible with the hypothesis that the left anterior temporal pole contributes to the composition of sentence meaning.

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9

Frermann, Lea, and Mirella Lapata. "A Bayesian Model of Diachronic Meaning Change." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 4 (December 2016): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00081.

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Word meanings change over time and an automated procedure for extracting this information from text would be useful for historical exploratory studies, information retrieval or question answering. We present a dynamic Bayesian model of diachronic meaning change, which infers temporal word representations as a set of senses and their prevalence. Unlike previous work, we explicitly model language change as a smooth, gradual process. We experimentally show that this modeling decision is beneficial: our model performs competitively on meaning change detection tasks whilst inducing discernible word senses and their development over time. Application of our model to the SemEval-2015 temporal classification benchmark datasets further reveals that it performs on par with highly optimized task-specific systems.

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10

Gavrilović, Žana. "ON NON-TEMPORAL MEANING OF TEMPORAL CONJUNCTIONS IN ENGLISH AND SERBIAN LANGUAGES." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2018.11.2.4.

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11

Hsieh, Miao-Ling, and Yu-Fang Wang. "Acquiring the polysemous adverb HAI in Chinese by English-speaking, Japanese-speaking, and Korean-speaking CSL learners." Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 46, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 173–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00017.hsi.

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Abstract Using corpus analysis and error analysis, this study investigates English-speaking, Japanese-speaking, and Korean-speaking Chinese learners’ acquisition of various meanings of hai in Mandarin Chinese, including its temporal meaning ‘still, yet’ as well as its abundant atemporal meanings involving addition, comparison and counter-expectation. We found a preponderance of misselection errors across the three groups of learners. The next most common error type for the Japanese-speaking and Korean-speaking learners was omission, while omission and over-inclusion were equally challenging for the English-speaking learners. Further analysis of errors in misselection shows that many learners failed to distinguish the temporal hai from the atemporal haishi required in a concessive sentence for the counter-expectation meaning.

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12

Faramazov, A. "English phraseological units with temporal meaning: semantic characteristic." Bulletin of Postgraduate Education (Series «Educational sciences»), no. 42 (2020): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32405/2218-7650-2020-13(42)-305-318.

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13

Chen, Jianhong, and Sucheta Nadkarni. "It’s about Time! CEOs’ Temporal Dispositions, Temporal Leadership, and Corporate Entrepreneurship." Administrative Science Quarterly 62, no. 1 (July 30, 2016): 31–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839216663504.

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How CEOs think and feel about time may have a big influence on their firms’ strategies. We examine how two distinct CEO temporal dispositions—time urgency (the feeling of being chronically hurried) and pacing style (one’s pattern of effort over time in working toward deadlines)—each influence corporate entrepreneurship, a key strategic behavior. We propose that CEOs’ temporal leadership—how they manage the temporal aspects of top management teams’ activities—mediates the relationships between their temporal dispositions and corporate entrepreneurship—firms’ innovation, corporate venturing, and strategic renewal activities. Using a sample of 129 small and medium-sized Chinese firms, we find that CEOs’ time urgency is positively related to their temporal leadership, which in turn is positively related to corporate entrepreneurship. We also examine the effects of three distinct pacing styles: early-action, meaning the CEO exerts the most effort early in the task process and relaxes as the deadline nears; steady-action, meaning the CEO spreads out effort evenly across the time allotted; and deadline-action, meaning the CEO is most active as the deadline nears. We find that the deadline-action style inhibits CEOs’ temporal leadership, but the steady-action and early-action styles have similar effects on their temporal leadership. This study explicates the dispositional basis of executives’ subjective views of time, demonstrating how CEOs’ temporal dispositions shape firms’ behaviors.

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14

Louviot, Elise. "Semantic bleaching of nu in Old Saxon." Folia Linguistica 39, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 441–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2018-0016.

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Abstract In many Present-Day Germanic languages, reflexes of Proto-Germanic *nu have developed pragmatic and grammatical uses: in such uses, the earlier, lexical meaning of the word (“now”, “presently”) has been weakened or lost while new meanings have appeared. Pragmatic (especially connective) uses of nu have been identified in several ancient Germanic languages, but in such corpora, it can be difficult to distinguish between a genuine discourse marker and mere pragmatic inferences based on the lexical meaning of a given word. Such is certainly the case for Old Saxon, where nu seems to be used as a discourse marker in some cases, but where it is hard to determine whether such uses ever truly supplant nu’s temporal meaning. This paper systematically examines nu’s patterns of co-occurrence to determine whether nu is showing any sign of having undergone semantic bleaching. Examination of the data shows no evidence of semantic bleaching. There is a very strong connection between nu and markers referring to the moment of utterance or the situation of utterance more generally. Conversely, there are no cases of co-occurrence with markers whose meaning is strictly incompatible with nu’s lexical meaning and few instances of co-occurrence with markers expressing distance (temporal or otherwise) from the situation of utterance. Some patterns hint at the possibility of pragmatic uses of nu having already started to conventionalize to a limited extent, but such uses seem to have co-existed with nu’s temporal meaning without ever supplanting it.

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15

Tonhauser, Judith. "Nominal Tense? The Meaning of Guaraní Nominal Temporal Markers." Language 83, no. 4 (2008): 831–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2008.0037.

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16

Shoham, Hizky. "Rethinking Tradition: From Ontological Reality to Assigned Temporal Meaning." European Journal of Sociology 52, no. 2 (August 2011): 313–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975611000129.

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AbstractThe article seeks to revitalize the concept of tradition and re-claim its usefulness for contemporary sociological thought and research. Instead of ontological entity, tradition is defined here as an assigned temporal meaning, i.e., a symbolic activity in which various social groups attribute traditional qualities to certain sectors of life that are understood as binding together different times. The article analyzes two incompatible approaches with which tradition was hitherto conceptualized in sociology: (1) tradition as the anti-modern, and (2) tradition as synonymous with “culture.” The analysis introduces a few middle-ground options that support the theory of tradition as assigned meaning.

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17

Khairoulline, Vladimir. "The Structure of Time: Language, meaning and temporal cognition." Perspectives 21, no. 3 (September 2013): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2012.662765.

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18

Altshuler, Daniel. "Discourse transparency and the meaning of temporal locating adverbs." Natural Language Semantics 22, no. 1 (November 30, 2013): 55–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-013-9100-2.

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19

Fretheim, Thorstein. "English then and Norwegian da/så compared: a Relevance-theoretic account." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 29, no. 1 (May 8, 2006): 45–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586506001491.

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An analysis of the English adverb then is suggested, which treats it as ambiguous, encoding two distinct meanings, one of which is anaphoric and corresponds to the meaning of the Norwegian temporal adverb da, and the other is non-anaphoric and corresponds to the meaning of the Norwegian temporal adverb så. The paper challenges the commonly made assumption that cases of supposed ambiguity which exist cross-linguistically might be better reanalyzed in terms of a univocal semantics and a range of pragmatic inferences, either as implicated meanings along Gricean lines or as the outcome of context-dependent inference at the explicit level of content, in keeping with the practice of adherents of Relevance Theory. Data from some other European languages and four African languages are examined and compared to the polar situations represented by English on the one hand and Norwegian on the other.

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20

Katz, E. Graham, and Benjamin Shaer. "Temporal modifiers and the Rogers-Aliant dispute." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 58, no. 1 (March 2013): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000841310000253x.

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AbstractIn this article, we discuss a recent dispute between two Canadian companies, Rogers and Aliant, which went before the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. This involved an apparently ambiguous provision in an agreement between these companies, the interpretation of which was widely seen to hinge on the placement of a single comma in this provision, although the dispute was ultimately resolved by reference to the unambiguous French version of this provision. We provide a syntactic and semantic analysis of the linguistic facts of the dispute, rejecting Aliant’s argument (and the CRTC’s original conclusion) that the placement of the comma provided robust evidence of the intended meaning of the disputed provision and showing how two temporal expressions in this provision, thereafter and prior, contribute to the meaning advanced by Rogers. We also demonstrate the essential equivalence of this meaning to that of the French version of the agreement.

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21

ARKHIPOVA, IRINA V., and SVETLANA V. SHUSTOVA. "PRIMARY TAXIS: PROTOTYPES AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 2 (2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_2_5_16.

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The article considers the issues of prototypical semantics actualization of the primary taxis in statements with prepositional deverbatives. The focus is made on statements with prepositional deverbatives with taxis-forming prepositions während, seit, vor, nach, bis, in, bei, mit in the temporal meaning. Such statements, related to the sphere of primary (chronological, logically unconditioned) taxis, are characterized by taxis-chronological meanings of simultaneity and non-simultaneity without accompanying adverbial elements of logical conditioning (mode of action, purpose, concession, condition, cause, following, etc.). Modern fiction and non-fiction excerpts taken from German corpora served as the material for the study. Continuous sampling methods was used to select 1500 tokens containing the prepositions that were further analyzed using onomato-semasiological approach. The obtained results enabled to draw several conclusions. First, in sentences with the temporal preposition während and the heterogeneous taxis prepositions in, bei, mit in the temporal meaning, the primary taxis categorical situations of simultaneity are actualized...

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22

van Ginneken, A. M. "Documenting an Event and its Evolving Meaning." Methods of Information in Medicine 32, no. 04 (1993): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634936.

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23

Breu, Walter. "Interactions Between Lexical, Temporal and Aspectual Meanings." Studies in Language 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.18.1.03bre.

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In my paper a universal aspect theory is presented which is based on the integration of the various types of states of affairs into the textual web of descriptions of situations and changes in situations. The states of affairs are thereby grouped according to their boundary characteristics. The grammatical meaning of the verbal aspect interacts with the lexical meaning of a given verb in group-specific ways, so that the kind of interaction in the case of a given aspect opposition can be used in order to classify verbs. In addition to the Slavic aspect opposition of perfective vs. imperfective, the aspectual systems of English, Modern Greek and the Romance languages are taken into consideration. The interaction between aspect and tense as well as the interaction within the aspect dimension itself, which plays a role if a language has more than one aspect category, is also discussed. The perfective imperfect and the imperfective aorist of Bulgarian are given as examples of problematic cases, along with the functions of the ing-form of the perfect in English. Generally the problem of the coming together of more than one aspect gram-meme in one verb form is solved by means of a hierarchization, which can be deduced from the particular interaction meaning in question. The grouping of verbs into aspect-sensitive semantic classes is only stable in the centre of the classes, but we find language-specific peculiarities on their peripheries. In addition, regroupings are also possible in the course of the development of a language.

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24

Valberg, J. J. "The Temporal Present." Philosophy 88, no. 3 (March 18, 2013): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819113000016.

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AbstractIt is easy to have about the temporal present, the time that is now, thoughts that seem both true and impossible. E.g., ‘Now is the time that matters'. We may reflect that this is not just true but that ‘it is always like that', that is: now is always the time that matters. Yet here we seem to be generalizing the ascription to the temporal present of a property that claims uniqueness, viz., being the time that matters. The present paper explores, in the case of the temporal present, the meaning and implications of this kind of impossible generalisation.

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25

Lyra, Maria CDP, Tatiana Alves de Melo Valério, and Brady Wagoner. "Pathways to life course changes: Introducing the concept of Avenues of Directive Meaning." Culture & Psychology 24, no. 4 (May 31, 2018): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x18779060.

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The concept of Avenues of Directive Meaning is proposed as a notion for understanding the development of trajectories that map psychological phenomenon in their temporal unfolding. This notion aims to include personal constructed meanings as they interact with the directions offered by the sociocultural environment. Focusing on the notion of equipotentiality – introduced by the embryologist Hans Driesch at the turn of the 20th-century – we apply it to the meanings constructed by persons as they set up equifinality points in their life courses. We illustrate the Avenues of Directive Meaning notion through the analysis of two couples that decided to adopt a child in the contemporary Brazilian context.

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26

Nikolaenko, A. V. "THE SPECIFICITY OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE FRENCH PREPOSITION EN (SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL MEANINGS)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-3-641-646.

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The article is devoted to the problem of the semantic description of the French preposition en in spatial and temporal meanings. This preposition is one of the most polysemantic. That’s why in scientific literature there is no uniform idea of semantic structure of this preposition. In this article the author tries to analyze all the theoretical ways of describing its specificity and to identify its own meaning distinct from others based on the spatial and temporal constructions constructed with the preposition en.

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27

Baranowski, Ann. "A Psychological Comparison of Ritual and Musical Meaning." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 10, no. 1 (1998): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006898x00303.

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AbstractThis article offers a theory of cognition and meaning of patterns in time. In religion, many practices are patterned in time such as ritual, chanting, meditation, and mantras. The study of ritual meaning has tended to look for meaning in the context of ritual and that to which the content supposedly refers. However, a large body of ethnographic data shows that ritual participants do not tend to understand the meaning of their rituals referentially. The aim of this article is to give an account of this data by showing how temporal patterns might be understood as meaningful in a non-referential sense. It looks for meaning in the form of ritual, that is, the temporal patterns themselves. I first argue that all patterns in time are understood in cognitively identical ways. If this is the case, then theories of the cognition and meaning of music would apply equally well to the study of the cognition and meaning of temporal patterns in religion. Theories of the cognitive realization of tonal/rhythmic patterns in music and the resulting meaning are presented and shown to be relevant to the study of ritual. The article ends with some final, more speculative thoughts on how meaning on this formal, non-referential level may fulfill a biological need.

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28

Li Shujin, Li, and Li Li. "STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF TEMPORAL SENTENCES WITH MEANING OF SEQUENCE." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Russian philology), no. 1 (2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-7278-2020-1-37-50.

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29

Vashchenko, Daria. "Slovak temporal diminutive chvíľka: on the specifics of lexical meaning." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2019): 392–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2019.3-4.4.03.

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30

Spies, Bertha. "The temporal musical sign: In search of extrinsic musical meaning." Semiotica 2006, no. 162 (January 1, 2006): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem.2006.077.

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31

Nerlich, Brigitte. "The Structure of Time: Language, Meaning and Temporal Cognition (review)." Language 82, no. 2 (2006): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0099.

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32

Carlson, Thomas A., Ryan A. Simmons, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, and L. Robert Slevc. "The Emergence of Semantic Meaning in the Ventral Temporal Pathway." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 1 (January 2014): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00458.

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In the ventral visual pathway, early visual areas encode light patterns on the retina in terms of image properties, for example, edges and color, whereas higher areas encode visual information in terms of objects and categories. At what point does semantic knowledge, as instantiated in human language, emerge? We examined this question by studying whether semantic similarity in language relates to the brain's organization of object representations in inferior temporal cortex (ITC), an area of the brain at the crux of several proposals describing how the brain might represent conceptual knowledge. Semantic relationships among words can be viewed as a geometrical structure with some pairs of words close in their meaning (e.g., man and boy) and other pairs more distant (e.g., man and tomato). ITC's representation of objects similarly can be viewed as a complex structure with some pairs of stimuli evoking similar patterns of activation (e.g., man and boy) and other pairs evoking very different patterns (e.g., man and tomato). In this study, we examined whether the geometry of visual object representations in ITC bears a correspondence to the geometry of semantic relationships between word labels used to describe the objects. We compared ITC's representation to semantic structure, evaluated by explicit ratings of semantic similarity and by five computational measures of semantic similarity. We show that the representational geometry of ITC—but not of earlier visual areas (V1)—is reflected both in explicit behavioral ratings of semantic similarity and also in measures of semantic similarity derived from word usage patterns in natural language. Our findings show that patterns of brain activity in ITC not only reflect the organization of visual information into objects but also represent objects in a format compatible with conceptual thought and language.

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33

Austen, Samantha, and Scott Jarvis. "Conceptual meaning in Italian speaking learners’ expression of temporality in L2 English." Journal of Second Language Studies 4, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 121–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jsls.19016.aus.

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Abstract This study explores conceptual meaning in the construal of distinct temporal concepts by L1 Italian speakers, and considers the possibility that L1 constrained perspectives may influence the L2 English production of these speakers in the form of Conceptual Transfer (CT). Adopting a Cognitive Linguistics framework, think aloud reports are used as a data collection technique capable of accessing the meanings that both L1 Italian and L1 English speakers seek to convey in relation to the target concepts in English. Analysis of the think aloud reports revealed distinctly different approaches by the two language groups in the construal of these concepts. Results of this initial exploratory study point to cross-linguistic difference in the temporal meanings expressed, a role for L1 constrained construal in second language acquisition, the potential for CT based on this and the potency of think aloud reports in revealing this and other relevant factors.

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34

Huang, Chu-Ren, and Siaw-Fong Chung. "Delimiting durative events with manner." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 8, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 16–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00065.hua.

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Abstract Durative events by default are atelic. However, temporal targets are typically required for durative verbs with a rushing manner, such as ‘We are catching the 3:30 flight’ and ‘The farmer rushed to harvest before the storm’. Why and how does manner introduce delimiting temporal concepts to durative verbs? This puzzle is addressed by our current study of two near-synonymous Mandarin durative verbs describing events carried out in a rushing manner: 赶 gǎn and 抢 qiǎng. Our event-based account will examine both their compositional meanings and their constructional patterns. We will show that 赶 gǎn and 抢 qiǎng not only coerce eventive readings from their nominal objects, but also require certain delineating temporal targets. The verb 赶 gǎn requires an understood deadline, while the verb 抢 qiǎng requires the presupposition of the limited availability of the object. As neither temporal targets mark the time of the actual activities, these are exceptional cases of aktionsart. We will show that the different ways to delineate event meanings of the constructions [gǎn/qiǎng+ noun] can be predicted from the lexical meaning of the two verbs and can in turn predict the event types represented by the object with the MARVS theory. Based on this lexical semantic representation, we further show that the Generative Lexicon theory predicts the coercions of the rushing meaning from the original activity verb senses, and that the Construction Grammar theory accounts for their sharing of the same syntactic configuration.

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35

Guerrero, Lilián. "When-clauses and temporal meanings across languages." Folia Linguistica 55, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 35–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2070.

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Abstract Typological studies have tended to take for granted the default interpretation for English and imposed ‘simultaneity’ as the basic meaning of when-clauses for all languages. This in opposition to the approach taken in reference grammars, which generally report temporal linkage markers like when as encoding one or several meanings. Data from languages other than English show that comparative studies should also be open to the possibility that when-clauses do not always, or only, denote simultaneity. To support this claim and argue against the default interpretation of simultaneity, in this study I explore the range of temporal meanings of when-clauses across languages and provide evidence from Spanish and Yaqui corpora. Unlike English, corpus-based studies show that Spanish equivalent cuando-clauses equally introduce simultaneous and sequential readings, while Yaqui o-/kai-clauses predominantly express sequential meanings. Furthermore, a convenience sample of 28 unrelated languages reveals that, if there is a when-clause in a language, it can locate the event of the adverbial clause earlier, later, or around the same time as the main clause. The analysis of the semantic side of when-clauses demonstrates that there are language-specific tendencies regarding their temporal meanings. On these grounds, I propose that a better understanding of when-clauses can be arrived at by classifying them as ‘unspecific’ temporal clauses. This categorization would motivate a richer analysis of new data and a systematic comparison between unspecific, simultaneous and sequential clauses. Finally, I advance a four-way classification regarding general versus specific markers, and the temporal relations they encode, two of which account for most languages analyzed.

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36

Fields, Chris, and Michael Levin. "How Do Living Systems Create Meaning?" Philosophies 5, no. 4 (November 11, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies5040036.

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Meaning has traditionally been regarded as a problem for philosophers and psychologists. Advances in cognitive science since the early 1960s, however, broadened discussions of meaning, or more technically, the semantics of perceptions, representations, and/or actions, into biology and computer science. Here, we review the notion of “meaning” as it applies to living systems, and argue that the question of how living systems create meaning unifies the biological and cognitive sciences across both organizational and temporal scales.

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37

Lavi, Liron. "Time and Meaning-Making in the “Hybrid” Media: Evidence From the 2016 U.S. Election." Journal of Communication 70, no. 2 (April 2020): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa003.

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Abstract Scholars have shown that time shapes journalism practices and news narratives. Yet the dynamics of time have received insufficient scholarly attention. In this study, I focus on how temporal plasticity—the dynamic employment of time—affects the construction of meaning in news media and social media. I draw empirical evidence from a cross-media computational text analysis of TV news and Twitter discourse in the 2016 American election. The study uncovers the dynamic utilization of time and its impact on the democratic meaning of the 2016 election (or the lack thereof) before, during, and after the election in “old” and “new” media. I find that a chronological temporal discourse on Twitter facilitates democratic meaning after the election, while a fragmented temporal discourse on the news media undermines the democratic meaning of the election. The results are discussed in light of the democratic role of “old” and “new” media.

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38

Amaral, Patrícia. "The polysemy of mal in European Portuguese." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2006): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.7.1.02mat.

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In this paper I provide a diachronic analysis of the lexeme mal, and I argue that the synchronic polysemy found in contemporary European Portuguese corresponds to different stages of the semantic change of the lexeme. Principles of diachronic pragmatics and semantic change are employed to detail the development of the different meanings. Two paths are analyzed: one, leading from the negative evaluation value as a manner adverb to the more recently semanticized meaning of temporality, specifically temporal proximity of one event to another, and a second one, leading from the manner adverbial meaning to a negation adverb, which is restricted to particular constructions.

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Letuchiy, Alexander. "Russian adverbials with temporal meaning TOL’KO, TOL’KO-TOL’KO, and TOL’KO ČTO: Recent past meaning and resultative semantics." Вопросы языкознания, no. 1 (February 2017): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0373658x0000948-1.

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Kelly, Michael R. "The Temporal Structure of Patience." PhaenEx 13, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v13i2.6208.

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Abstract This paper presents Anthony Steinbock's broad theory of moral emotions and specifically the distinction he draws between the temporal orientation and the temporal meaning of emotions. The latter distinction is used in order to provide phenomenological descriptions of, and distinctions between, patience and impatience. The paper takes leading clues from Steinbock’s work in an effort to “do” phenomenology in a way that clarifies these specific natural attitude intentionalities.

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Jóhannsdóttir, Kristín M. "Temporal adverbs in Icelandic: adverbs of quantification vs. frequency adverbs." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 30, no. 2 (December 2007): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586507001734.

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Temporal adverbs can usually be divided into groups. Amongst those are adverbs of quantification, such as often, sometimes and never, and frequency adverbs, such as constantly and regularly. This paper presents some new data that shows that the Icelandic temporal adverb alltaf ‘always’ can be both an adverb of quantification and a frequency adverb. When alltaf modifies a progressive construction its meaning shifts, depending on the aktionsart of the restrictor. When the restrictor is punctual, alltaf functions as an adverb of quantification and has a frequency meaning (X is always happening at the time Y takes place). When the restrictor is durative, alltaf does not quantify over the event, and instead gets a durative meaning, similar to that of stöðugt ‘constantly’ (X happens constantly during the time Y takes place).

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Stilo, Giovanni, and Paola Velardi. "Hashtag Sense Clustering Based on Temporal Similarity." Computational Linguistics 43, no. 1 (April 2017): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00277.

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Hashtags are creative labels used in micro-blogs to characterize the topic of a message/discussion. Regardless of the use for which they were originally intended, hashtags cannot be used as a means to cluster messages with similar content. First, because hashtags are created in a spontaneous and highly dynamic way by users in multiple languages, the same topic can be associated with different hashtags, and conversely, the same hashtag may refer to different topics in different time periods. Second, contrary to common words, hashtag disambiguation is complicated by the fact that no sense catalogs (e.g., Wikipedia or WordNet) are available; and, furthermore, hashtag labels are difficult to analyze, as they often consist of acronyms, concatenated words, and so forth. A common way to determine the meaning of hashtags has been to analyze their context, but, as we have just pointed out, hashtags can have multiple and variable meanings. In this article, we propose a temporal sense clustering algorithm based on the idea that semantically related hashtags have similar and synchronous usage patterns.

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Mazurkiewicz-Sokołowska, Jolanta. "Temporale und modale Konjunktionen und ihre individuellen Verarbeitungsweisen." Linguistik Online 95, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.95.5515.

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The paper presents a study within the scope of cognitive linguistics. The aim is to relate Langacker’s assumption about language as meaning to grammatical language items and to examine it, taking the already existing research into consideration, by analysing selected temporal and modal conjunctions. The research object in this comparative analysis are selected German conjunctions and their Polish counterparts. The study provides answers to the following questions: Is meaning content activated by conjunctions in language processing? Which emotions are triggered in the participants of the study? How are the conceptualized meanings and emotional values that are ascribed to the conjunctions influenced by particular contexts of the utterances? The method of intersubjective introspection makes it possible to trace the allegedly finished processing mechanisms in participants.

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Frankland, Steven M., and Joshua D. Greene. "An architecture for encoding sentence meaning in left mid-superior temporal cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 37 (August 24, 2015): 11732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421236112.

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Human brains flexibly combine the meanings of words to compose structured thoughts. For example, by combining the meanings of “bite,” “dog,” and “man,” we can think about a dog biting a man, or a man biting a dog. Here, in two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we identify a region of left mid-superior temporal cortex (lmSTC) that flexibly encodes “who did what to whom” in visually presented sentences. We find that lmSTC represents the current values of abstract semantic variables (“Who did it?” and “To whom was it done?”) in distinct subregions. Experiment 1 first identifies a broad region of lmSTC whose activity patterns (i) facilitate decoding of structure-dependent sentence meaning (“Who did what to whom?”) and (ii) predict affect-related amygdala responses that depend on this information (e.g., “the baby kicked the grandfather” vs. “the grandfather kicked the baby”). Experiment 2 then identifies distinct, but neighboring, subregions of lmSTC whose activity patterns carry information about the identity of the current “agent” (“Who did it?”) and the current “patient” (“To whom was it done?”). These neighboring subregions lie along the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus and the lateral bank of the superior temporal gyrus, respectively. At a high level, these regions may function like topographically defined data registers, encoding the fluctuating values of abstract semantic variables. This functional architecture, which in key respects resembles that of a classical computer, may play a critical role in enabling humans to flexibly generate complex thoughts.

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Zaman, Saefu. "PEMAKNAAN RUANG PADA MASJID KUBAH EMAS: KAJIAN SEMIOTIK RUANG." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 7, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v7i2.171.

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<p>Golden Dome Mosque is located in Depok City. Gold plating on its dome are the hallmark of this mosque. The purpose of building this mosque is as a symbol of Islamic glory in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to describe how these meanings are built on the Golden Dome Mosque, both from mosque constructors and people around the mosque. The method the writer uses is analysis of Danesi & Perron about cultural marks, known as three-dimensional analysis which includes temporal, notational, and structural analysis. The result of this research shows that the mosque creators and the people make the meaning of this mosque in its thirdness level, which is annotative in the notational dimension, annalogical in structural dimension & dynamic in the temporal dimension. The conclusion of this research is the meaning of a cultural sign is on its thirdness level where it is based on individual free interpretations.</p>

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Chung, Siaw-Fong. "Lagi in Standard Malaysian Malay." Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 45, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 82–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00004.chu.

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Abstract Lagi, a less studied Malay adverb, has meanings such as ‘in addition’, ‘again’, ‘more’, and ‘yet/still’. We aimed to see how these meanings could be related in a single word and to find the conceptualization and grammatical paths involved. We also intended to find out whether this word carries any underlying meanings not specified in dictionaries. In the corpus, although many examples have lagi in the sentence-final position, some unconventional sentence-initial uses were also found in news headlines. We found that lagi serves a special function in news headlines, emphasizing the repeatedness of events that were often negative or undesirable. The seemingly unrelated meanings of lagi can be categorized based on three meaning concepts – addition/more meaning, less-more continuum, and temporal lagi (‘yet/still’, ‘again’). In addition to these concepts, we also found several possible grammaticalization paths that contribute to the different uses of lagi.

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Hoeksema, Jack, and Ton van der Wouden. "On the Dutch temporal adverbial goed en wel." Linguistics in the Netherlands 37 (October 27, 2020): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.00039.hoe.

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Abstract The paper investigates the origin, the development, the semantics and the pragmatics of the temporal use of the Dutch expression goed en wel ‘good and well’. We argue that the expression has developed from a meaning “safe and sound” into an indicator of the end of a preparatory phase or transition period, as well as a marker of the beginning of a new state. We observe that temporal goed en wel always requires a secondary state of affairs that is temporally related to the transition point initiating the primary state of affairs, and we show that the expression is increasingly being employed for rhetorical purposes.

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Barchuk, V. M. "UKRAINIAN TIME: GRAMMATICAL INTERPRETATION." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 2(54) (January 22, 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-2(54)-34-43.

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In the article the system and hierarchy structure of temporal meaning in Ukrainian language is established. It is suggested that interval, tense and taxis represent the ontological time. The category of interval is the main and the most branched out in Ukrainian grammar system of verb. Tense are dominant as bases temporal component of the human consciousness. Ukrainian language has thirty variants of grammatical time meaning.

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Tazranova, Alena R. "The Form with =ZA in the Altai Language." Philology 18, no. 9 (2020): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-9-65-77.

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In the following article, we analyze the polyfunctional form with =ZA in the Altai language. Traditionally, this form is viewed as a marker of conditional mood. Our materials show that its semantics and functions are very varied. It can be used not only in infinite functions within polypredicative constructions, but also as an independent finite form with the meaning of a non-real, contrafactive volition. When it is used as a dependent predicate, this form mainly denotes modality of an action’s conditions according to the speaker’s point of view. When one uses the if conjunction, the expected action-condition may not take place, and when the when conjunction is used, such possibility is not considered, but rather, temporal relations are expressed (consecution, simultaneity, general temporal correlation). Specific temporal meanings depend on specific tense forms of finite predicates: if the predicate of a main clause is in present tense, the construction denotes general temporal correlation; if a future tense form is used, it denotes consecution or simultaneity in the future; the past tense denotes consecution in the past. With a 2nd person singular and plural affix =ZAŋ, =ZAgAr expresses the meaning of soft incentive. The =ZA form as a marker of concessive mood denotes completion of an action in spite of conflicting conditions, which demonstrates the shift of this form towards other mood forms.

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Rakhmatullina, Diana E. "REFERENTIAL FEATURES OF DISTANCE MARKING ADJECTIVESWITH TEMPORAL SEQUENCE MEANING IN ENGLISH." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Linguistics), no. 1 (2019): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-712x-2019-1-104-110.

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