Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Temporal lobe epilepsy – Research'
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Tian, Nan. "SLEEP-RELATED GENERALIZED TONIC SEIZURE AND HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATION (HFOs) IN A MESIAL TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY MOUSE MODEL." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1277440218.
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Walpole, Pete. "An investigation into the implications of emotional intelligence and social cognition research for psychosocial problems associated with temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422171.
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Toprani, Sheela C. "MECHANISMS OF SEIZURE REDUCTION BY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1399474125.
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Benini, Ruba Sayed. "GABAergic signalling in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111818.
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Earlier studies on temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), by focusing on the anatomical and electrophysiological abnormalities of the hippocampus, have attributed a major role to this limbic structure in the process of epileptogenesis and seizure generation. Recently however, there has been increasing evidence from both animal and human studies that other limbic structures, including the subiculum, the entorhinal cortex (EC, perirhinal cortex (PC) as well as the amygdala, are possibly involved in the process of epileptogenesis. With the help of both acute and chronic models of limbic seizures, I have used an electrophysiological approach to gain more insight into the mechanisms through which these structures could participate in the establishment of hyperexcitable neuronal networks. Particularly, my investigations have focused on assessing the role played by the subiculum, the amygdala and the PC in epileptiform synchronization in vitro. My findings demonstrate that seizure-induced cell damage in chronically epileptic mice results in a change in limbic network interactions whereby EC ictogenesis is sustained via a reverberant EC-subiculum pathway ( Chapter 1). Furthermore, I have discovered that the subiculum, which holds an anatomically strategic position within the hippocampus, is capable of gating hippocampul output activity via a GABAA-receptor mediated mechanism (Chapter 2). My investigations in the amygdala have confirmed that this limbic structure contributes to epileptiform synchronization (Chapter 3). Moreover, using a chronic rat model of TLE, I have found novel evidence suggesting that alterations in inhibitory mechanisms play a role in the increased excitability of the lateral amygdalar nucleus (Chapter 4). Finally, my studies in chronically epileptic rats have also led to preliminary data signifying hyperexcitability of the PC as well alterations in the interactions between the amygdala and this cortical structure (Chapter 5).
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Buck, Sarah. "Memory in paediatric temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057610/.
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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of epilepsy and is frequently associated with memory and learning impairments. Medically intractable and lesion-based TLE occurs in 20-30% of the patients, in which case a surgical intervention is proposed. However, there is a clear gap in knowledge about pre-operative memory status in children undergoing surgery and post-operative memory outcome. It is unclear whether paediatric patients show material-specific memory impairments associated with side of pathology and whether specific memory processes are affected more than others, i.e. learning, recall and recognition. Lastly, as opposed to language lateralisation, the neural representation of memory is unknown and memory fMRI has never been explored in paediatric TLE. The aim of this project is therefore to investigate the hippocampal-neocortical network that is at risk of compromise given learning and recall deficits in paediatric TLE at the pre-operative level in order to contribute to the prediction of outcome after surgery. I developed a neuropsychological protocol and a neuroimaging protocol for the investigation of pre-operative memory functions. The neuropsychological protocol is a tablet-based version of a paired-associate learning paradigm that allows comparisons between verbal and non-verbal memory. I validated this protocol in normally-developing children (N=130, 8-18 years). The neuroimaging protocol is a combined language and memory fMRI task that allows the investigation of the interaction between the two networks within one scanning session. This protocol was also validated in normally-developing children (N=28, 8-18 years). The feasibility of these protocols for clinical assessments was explored in a representative sample of children with TLE who were being considered for surgery (N=6, 12-18 years). These protocols add value to the diagnosis of memory impairments associated with paediatric TLE and provide a better understanding of pre-operative memory profile at the individual level. The findings also contribute towards the use of memory fMRI in the surgical decision-making process. Combining information from these protocols could provide prognostic indicators of outcome after surgery.
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Morgan, Lisa. "Social cognition in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of East London, 2011. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3675/.
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This study addressed social cognition in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Social cognition encompasses a range of functions, for example, those requiring the attribution of emotional states, and those requiring mental state inferences to be made ('theory of mind'). The area of social cognition has evolved from developmental explanations of theory of mind, which have been extrapolated for their empirical application to adult populations, often using neuroimaging and neuropsychological paradigms. The present study may help to raise awareness of social cognitive difficulties in TLE and may inform clinical neuropsychological assessment protocols. A feature of the existing literature is the lack of consistency in methodologies. This study drew upon methodology described in previous relevant studies in order that findings were more comparable. A range of standardised measures of general intellectual functioning, verbal and visual memory, and verbal and nonverbal executive function tasks were administered alongside social cognition tasks, assessing recognition of emotional expressions, attributing mental states to eyes, attributing mental state inferences in stories and cartoons, and detecting and describing violations of social etiquette. A group of 25 patients with TLE were compared with 42 typically developed and intact (TDI) participants matched for age, education and general abilities. The TLE group scored lower on all social cognition measures, but in the context of similar difficulties in visual and verbal memory, and verbal aspects of executive functioning. There were no significant effects of laterality (hemispheric focus of the TLE). Variables influencing performance on social cognition tasks were examined. The results are discussed in terms of the relevant literature and possible underlying mechanisms of difficulties, and recommendations for future research made on this basis.
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Sidhu, M. K. "Episodic memory in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1471130/.
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Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have significant material specific episodic memory impairments with greater verbal and visual memory deficits accompanying left and right TLE respectively. More recently, however, widespread cognitive deficits have been described in patients with TLE in keeping with morphological and functional abnormalities that extend beyond the temporal lobes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has demonstrated reorganisation of memory encoding networks within the temporal lobe in TLE, but little is known of the extra-temporal networks in these patients. Memory fMRI as a tool for predicting memory decline after anterior temporal lobe resection has been explored but a clinically applicable algorithm has yet to be defined. Fewer studies have described the changes in the memory encoding networks after temporal lobe surgery. This thesis presents methodological developments and novel applications to describe the pre-operative and post-operative verbal and visual memory networks in those with unilateral TLE. Pre-operatively, I investigated extra-temporal areas of memory reorganisation in left and right TLE patients, quantitatively compared to healthy controls. Novel findings include the ‘efficiency’ of extra-temporal reorganisation to successful memory formation. Next, using clinical parameters such as age at onset of epilepsy, epilepsy duration and seizure frequency as continuous regressors, I described the factors affecting verbal and visual memory reorganisation in TLE. In a separate pre-operative study, I used an alternative fMRI analysis method, multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) that focuses on the patterns of activity across voxels 4 in specific brain regions that are associated with individual memory traces. I used MVPA-fMRI to assess the functional integrity of the hippocampi and other medial temporal lobe structures in patients with unilateral TLE. Next, I explored the predictive ability of temporal and extra-temporal activations in predicting post-operative verbal memory decline in left and right TLE patients and described a method of using memory fMRI as a clinically applicable tool in patients who had anterior temporal lobe resection. Finally, I explored memory encoding network plasticity four and 12 months after anterior temporal lobe resection. In this study, controls were also scanned at similar time intervals to patients. I report for the first time, dynamic changes in the memory encoding network four and 12 months after surgery, relative to changes in controls. Novel findings also include the efficiency of these post-operative networks. In this thesis, I also discuss methodological constraints, clinical applications and future directions.
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Testa, S. Marc. "DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin997801556.
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Dinkelacker, Vera. "Network pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066156/document.
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Notre vision de l'épilepsie du lobe temporal avec sclérose hippocampique a beaucoup évolué grâce aux techniques de neuroimagerie multimodale. Initialement perçue comme maladie restreinte à la lésion, à savoir la sclérose hippocampique (SH), elle est aujourd'hui considérée comme un modèle de pathologie en réseau. Cette thèse a pour but d'approfondir les caractéristiques du réseau sous tendant cette épilepsie.Nous avons pour cela recueilli des données de connectivité structurelle, d'EEG et de données cognitives chez une cohorte de 44 patient avec SH unilatérale (22 droite, 22 gauche) et chez 28 sujets contrôle. Nous avons déterminé les régions d'intérêt corticales et le volume hippocampique avec Freesurfer et la connectivité structurelle (locale ou en réseau) avec MRtrix ou FSL.Trois principaux résultats émergent de ces études :1. La connectivité globale montre un pattern de déconnexion très marqué de l'hémisphère gauche en cas de SH gauche. La SH semble donc s'accompagner d'une atteinte de réseau plus importante lorsqu'elle se situe dans l'hémisphère dominant pour le langage.2. La connectivité hippocampo-thalamique est augmentée du côté de la SH. Cette augmentation semble dysfonctionnelle, car corrélée avec une baisse de fonctions cognitives exécutives. 3.L'EEG de ces patients révèle des anomalies interictales ipsi-latérales qui sont corrélées avec une diminution de fonctions cognitives exécutives. Nos données confirment ainsi le concept de l'épilepsie du lobe temporal en tant que pathologie de réseau. L'atteinte structurelle, mais également cognitive s'étend sur des régions à distance de l'hippocampe et affecte notamment les réseaux de langage de l'hémisphère dominantOur vision of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis has much evolved in recent years. Initially regarded as a disease centered on a single lesion, it is now perceived as a genuine network disease, which we intended to explore with a multimodal approach. We examined structural connectivity, fMRI, EEG and cognitive dysfunction in a cohort of 44 patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS, 22 with right, 22 with left HS) and 28 healthy age and gender matched control participants. Cortical regions of interest and hippocampal volumes were determined with Freesurfer, structural connectivity with MRtrix (pairwise disconnections and component effects with Network Based Statistics), or for hippocampal-thalamic connections with FSL. We found a pronounced pattern of disconnections most notably in the left hemisphere of patients with left TLE. Network Based Statistics showed large bi hemispheric clusters lateralized to the diseased side in both left and right temporal lobe epilepsy. We suggest that hippocampal sclerosis is associated with widespread disconnections if situated in the dominant hemisphere. We then determined streamline connections between hippocampus and thalamus and found an increase in connections in relation to the HS. This increase was seemingly dysfunctional as the number of hippocampal-thalamic connections was negatively correlated with performance in executive tasks. EEG analysis revealed predominantly ipsilateral epileptic discharge. The number of sharp waves was highly correlated with a number of executive functions depending on the frontal lobe, hence at distance of the HS. Our data thus confirms the concept of temporal lobe epilepsy as a network disease that finds its expression both in widespread, though lateralized alterations of structural connectivity and in neuropsychological dysfunction way beyond the hippocampus
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Arcot, Desai Sharanya. "Multielectrode microstimulation for temporal lobe epilepsy." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50384.
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Multielectrode arrays may have several advantages compared to the traditional single macroelectrode brain electrical stimulation technique including less tissue damage due to implantation and the ability to deliver several spatio-temporal patterns of stimulation. Prior work on cell cultures has shown that multielectrode arrays are capable of completely stopping seizure-like spontaneous bursting events through a distributed asynchronous multi-site approach. In my studies, I used a similar approach for controlling seizures in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. First, I developed a new method of electroplating in vivo microelectrode arrays for durably improving their impedance. I showed that microelectrode arrays electroplated through the new technique called sonicoplating, required the least amount of voltage in current controlled stimulation studies and also produced the least amplitude and duration of stimulation artifact compared to unplated, DC electroplated or pulse-plated microelectrodes. Second, using c-fos immunohistochemistry, I showed that 16-electrode sonicoplated microelectrode arrays can activate 5.9 times more neurons in the dorsal hippocampus compared to a single macroelectrodes while causing < 77% the tissue damage. Next, through open-loop multisite asynchronous microstimulation, I reduced seizure frequency by ~50% in the rodent model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Preliminary studies aimed at using the same stimulation protocol in closed-loop responsive and predictive seizure control did not stop seizures. Finally, through an internship at Medtronic Neuromodulation, I worked on developing and implementing a rapid algorithm prototyping research tool for closed-loop human deep brain stimulation applications.
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Petty, Karen Hammack. "Pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy versus frontal lobe epilepsy : how does cognitive performance differ ? /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1414130851&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1221160824&clientId=22256.
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Sheilabi, Marim Abdelghani. "Studies of biomarkers in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713507.
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Purpose: Refractory temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) affects about 30% of TLE patients, where antiepileptic drugs are not effective in controlling seizures. These patients become candidates for surgical treatment which is effective in only 60-70% of cases. In addition, surgical treatment causes memory and cognitive impairments as well as psychopathological disturbance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate potential biomarkers in surgically resected sclerotic TLE-HS (n = 49) and non-spiking superior temporal gyrus samples (TLE-STG; n = 25) from TLE patients and post-mortem hippocampi (PMC; n = 10), in order to increase our understanding of refractory TLE pathophysiology and help in identifying new potential drug targets for treatment of TLE patients. Methods: GABAb receptor subunits were investigated in TLE-HS, TLE-STG and PMC tissue by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and quantitative western blot (WB) techniques. Alterations in expressions of SGK1, SCN4B, IP3R1 and SYNPR were investigated in TLE-HS, TLE-STG and PMC specimens by qRT-PCR and WB. The transcriptome profiling of TLE-HS, TLE- STG and PMC samples was done by microarray analysis (MA). MA was followed by functional annotation clustering analysis (FAC) of the MA differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Genes from FAC analysis were further investigated by qRT-PCR. MA Aquaporin (AQP1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11) expressions were further validated by qRT-PCR. Results: Expression of the inhibitory GABAB2 receptor subunit was significantly up regulated in TLE-HS compared to PMC but its expression was reduced in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG.The expression of SCN4B, IP3R1 and SYNPR, which are involved in regulating neuronal excitability, were significantly reduced in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG and were significantly increased compared to PMC. The expression of SGK1 mRNA was significantly increased in TLE-HS compared to both TLE-STG and PMC. MA analysis revealed 1821 genes were significantly up regulated and 1511 genes were significantly down regulated in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG and PMC. The first cluster from FAC analysis of DEGs showed that the up regulated inflammatory genes such as cytokines had the highest enrichment score. The qRT-PCR data showed that expression of IL-13, IL-18, Fas, ICAM-1, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL12, CXCR4 and CX3CR1 were significantly higher in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG and PMC therefore validating MA data. AQP1 and -4, which are involved in water homeostasis, were significantly up regulated in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG. AQP11 expression was significantly reduced in TLE-HS while AQP3, -5, -8 and -9 were not significantly altered in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG and PMC. Discussion: The significant dysregulation of biomarker expression investigated in this study indicate that different biological processes such as neuronal excitability, neuronal and astrocytic energy metabolism, neurogenesis, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, intracellular calcium and water homeostasis are affected in the epileptogenic TLE-HS tissue. These biomarkers seem to be associated with TLE-HS pathophysiology. Furthermore, they highlight the role of neuronal, astrocytic, microglia and endothelial cell dysfunction in TLE-HS pathology. In conclusion, the biomarkers investigated increased our understanding of biological processes affected in TLE-HS pathophysiology and they represent potential drug targets for refractory TLE-HS. However, further research is still needed to understand the temporal and spatial changes of those genes and their proteins during TLE.
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Browne, Georgina Emily. "Nonverbal memory assessment in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429590.
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Gibb, Catherine Elizabeth. "Temporal lobe epilepsy : the effects on language." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362519.
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Bonelli-Nauer, S. B. "Cognitive functional MRI in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1455537/.
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Anterior temporal lobe resections (ATLR) provide an effective treatment option for patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) rendering up to 70% of them seizure free. The goal of epilepsy surgery is to remove the brain areas generating the seizures without causing neuropsychological deficits such as language or memory dysfunction. Furthermore up to 60% of patients with TLE suffer from emotional disturbances following surgery. The principle aim of the work presented in this thesis was to improve presurgical evaluation of patients with TLE by using cognitive functional MRI (fMRI) to non-invasively localise brain areas that are essential for processing cognitive function such as language and memory function and emotional and social behaviour. 150 consecutive patients and 40 healthy controls were included in our experiments. Different fMRI paradigms for the evaluation of cognitive functions have been implemented on a 3 Tesla scanner. All subjects underwent language and memory fMRI and standard neuropsychological assessment; those patients who proceeded to have temporal lobe surgery were reinvestigated 4 months following ATLR. We studied the efficiency of reorganisation of language and memory function due to the underlying disease and in particular following ATLR. Amygdala fMRI was used to investigate potential implications on emotional and social outcome. A major part of the work included in this thesis has concentrated on the use of fMRI for the exploration and prediction of postoperative complications such as language and memory impairment but also emotional disturbances. When used in concert with other MR imaging modalities the results of these methods can be used to improve surgical strategies tailored to individual patients with regard to functional outcome, by virtue of definition of epileptic cerebral areas that need to be resected and eloquent areas that need to be spared.
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Fischer, Mark. "Working Memory Intervention in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1447689793.
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Lippincott, Cynthia E. Williams J. Michael. "An investigation of extra-temporal deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3269.
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Riano, Barros Daniela Alexandra. "PET studies of neurotransmission in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25001.
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Introduction: Epilepsy, defined as the recurrence of unprovoked seizures, is one of the commonest serious conditions in neurology. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates a prevalence of 50 million people worldwide, with a temporal lobe focus being the commonest cause of complex partial seizures. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often have reduced GABAA receptors at their seizure focus, and poor memory performance. Blockade of GABAA receptors containing alpha5 subunits is promnestic. Animal models have also demonstrated alterations in cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor availability in response to seizures. The studies presented in this thesis were designed to first determine the reliability of measurement with two novel PET tracers for the expression of alpha5 subunits of GABAA receptors ([11C]Ro15 4513) and CB1 receptors ([11C]MePPEP). These were then used in human TLE to try and elucidate mechanisms of memory impairment and minimally invasive characterisation of the seizure focus. Methods: Adult healthy volunteers underwent paired scans with [11C]Ro15 4513 (GABAA alpha5 receptor partial inverse agonist) and [11C]MePPEP (CB1 receptor mixed inverse agonist and antagonist). Test-retest variability was characterised for both radiotracers with quantification in regions spanning high and low receptor concentrations by regional compartmental modelling and a variety of regional and voxel-wise model-free analyses (spectral analysis and variants). Semiquantification with modified standard uptake values (mSUVs), in widespread clinical use, was also explored. In the clinical studies, healthy volunteers were compared with TLE patients using Statistical Parametric Mapping software. Paired post-ictal and interictal studies were obtained with [11C]MePPEP to determine changes in response to seizures. Single PET scans were obtained with [11C]Ro15 4513 to determine changes in relationship to memory impairments. Results: [11C]Ro15 4513 could be reliably quantified with voxel-wise spectral analysis, and the simplified reference tissue model, but not mSUVs or compartmental models. For [11C]MePPEP, voxel-wise spectral analysis, a one tissue compartment model and simple mSUVs were the most reliable methods in controls, while preserving between-region differences. CB1 availability in TLE was higher, at the group level, in the ipsilateral temporal lobe in post- ictal scans than in controls, and negatively correlated with time since last seizure. In individual patients, however, focal increases were not consistently found in the epileptogenic temporal lobe. [11C]Ro15 4513 scans could be obtained in 12 patients but have not yet been fully analysed. Discussion: I demonstrated that two novel PET tracers can be reliably quantified, using a much larger cohort and a much greater variety of methods than available in the literature in the case of [11C]MePPEP, and performing such an analysis for the first time for [11C]Ro15 4513. This laid the foundation for the clinical study of CB1 receptor availability in TLE patients. The hypothesis of an upregulation of this inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor type in response to single spontaneous seizures could be confirmed, but the method was not so far useful in individual patients. [11C]Ro15 4513 PET holds promise for the investigation of the mechanisms of memory impairment in TLE.
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Tang, Yuang. "Detection and Suppression of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1323464608.
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Fukao, Kenjiro. "Magnetoencephalographic Characteristics of Psychosis in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124338.
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Mitsueda, Takahiro. "Amygdalar enlargement in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142541.
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Lantz, Göran. "Source localisation of epileptiform activity in epilepsy of temporal lobe origin." Lund : Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University Hospital, 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=V8xrAAAAMAAJ.
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Kim, Hosung. "Advanced morphometry of mesiotemporal structures in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106418.
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Background. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common drug-resistant epilepsy. While TLE is associated with mesiotemporal atrophy on MRI, hippocampal volumes are normal in 30% of patients. There is also growing evidence that developmental anomalies altering mesitotemporal lobe morphology participate in the pathogenesis of this condition. Indeed, about 40% of TLE patients show atypical shape of the hippocampus and collateral sulcus, commonly referred to as malrotation. To date, morphometric analysis of such pathology in TLE has been limited to MR volumetry. Objective. The overall goal was to develop advanced morphometric methods to statistically model aspects of pathology that are not evident in measurement of total volume. We first developed surface-based techniques that independently quantify focal atrophy, positioning and sulcal variants, and investigated their clinical significance. We then evaluated the impact of these morphological features on the performance of state-of-the-art hippocampal segmentation algorithms. Lastly, we developed a novel automatic hippocampal segmentation method based on a multi-template approach that relies on statistical parametric surface models and locoregional texture features. Methods and Results. In simulation, Our surface-based Jacobian determinant analyses could disentangle local volume from positional changes by quantifying independently both characteristics. Our analysis showed that in TLE patients atrophy and positional changes co-occurred at the level of the posterior hippocampus. Compared to volumetry, our technique showed increased sensitivity by unveiling subtle mesiotemporal atrophy/hypertrophy in TLE, in particular ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy in patients with normal hippocampal volume (TLE-NV). A combined analysis of all three mesiotemporal surfaces correctly lateralized the seizure focus in 94% of patients with TLE-NV. Analysis of basal temporal sulcal morphology using 3D sulcal models revealed that significantly more TLE patients exhibit an unbroken long collateral sulcus relative to healthy subjects. Our correlation analysis revealed that developmental anomalies and atrophy negatively impacted on the automated segmentation performance in general. Finally, we developed a novel segmentation algorithm (SurfMulti) to statistically estimate vertex-wise locoregional texture and shape. To account for inter-subject variability, we used a multi-template library derived from a large database of controls and patients. Our proposed hippocampal segmentation technique achieved a level of accuracy in TLE patients virtually identical to healthy controls, with a Dice index of 86.1%. Such performance has not yet been paralleled in epilepsy. Furthermore, we achieved the same sensitivity as manual volumetry in detecting atrophy ipsilateral to the seizure focus. Significance. The analytical framework we developed is intended to substantially improve MRI analysis so that it can fulfill its role for surgical target localization and post-surgical outcome prediction, the two main challenges of contemporary epilepsy surgery. Our results show that a better understanding of mesiotemporal lobe pathology lies in the evaluation of various brain morphological characteristics. By statistically assessing aspects of mesiotemporal pathological variations across the spectrum of drug-resistant TLE, we showed the ability of advanced post-processing of anatomical MRI to unveil anomalies that are not identified using volumetric analysis. The developed techniques can be extended to assess structural changes in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in which the temporal lobe is involved.Contexte. L'épilepsie du lobe temporal (ELT) est l'épilepsie pharmaco-résistante la plus commune chez l'adulte. Généralement associée à une atrophie temporo-mésiale visible par IRM, les volumes hippocampiques sont pourtant normaux dans 30% des cas d'ELT. De plus, il y a de plus en plus d'indices montrant que des anomalies du développement, qui altèrent la morphologie hippocampique et les motifs sulco-gyraux temporo-mésiaux, participent à la pathogénèse de cette épilepsie. En effet, 40% des ELT exhibent une forme et un positionnement atypiques de l'hippocampe et du sillon collatéral, effet communément appelé "malrotation". Jusqu'à présent, l'analyse morphométrique de la pathologie ELT du lobe mésiotemporal s'est limitée à de la volumétrie sur IRM. Objectifs. Le but général de cette thèse a été le développement de méthodes de morphométrie avancées qui permettront de modéliser statistiquement des aspects de la pathologie qui n'ont pas été évalués antérieurement par IRM, et qui n'apparaissent pas de manière évidente par des mesures de volume total. Nous avons tout d'abord développé des techniques surfaciques qui quantifient, indépendemment, des atrophies focales de petite étendue, des écarts de position ainsi que des variantes de formes de sillons, et nous avons étudié leur significativité clinique. Nous avons ensuite évalué quantitativement l'impact de ces caractéristiques morphologiques (l'atrophie et les anomalies développementales de forme et de position) sur la performance des algorithmes de segmentation de l'hippocampe les plus avancés du moment. Enfin, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode de segmentation de l'hippocampe basée sur une approche de type "multi-templates" (modèles multiples), qui s'appuie sur des modèles statistiques paramétriques surfaciques et des caractéristiques locorégionales de textures. Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé les expériences suivantes: 1) Après avoir extrait les harmoniques sphériques combinées à des modèles de distribution de points (SPHARM-PDM) à partir de segmentations hippocampiques manuelles, nous avons calculé des vecteurs de déplacement entre les surfaces individuelles et le modèle. Nous avons alors calculé des déterminants jacobiens surfaciques (SJD, Surface-based Jacobian Determinants) à partir de ces vecteurs afin de localiser des changements de volume. Pour analyser les différences de position, nous avons construit un axe méridien médian (MEMAX), qui reprend les correspondances de points, contraintes par la forme, de SPHARM, et sur lequel les courbures locales et les vecteurs de positions sont calculés. Notre méthode a été validée sur des formes synthétiques. 2) A l'aide des métriques développées en (1), nous avons étudié les motifs de pathologie mésiotemporale chez les patients ELT, en effectuant des comparaisons de groupes, point à point, entre des patients atteints d'une atrophie hippocampique (TLE-HA), ceux dont le volume hippocampique est normal (TLE-NV), et des contrôles sains. De plus, nous avons évalué la capacité de notre modélisation de formes surfacique 3D à latéraliser le foyer épileptogène et à prédire l'issue de la chirurgie. 3) Les sillons corticaux ont été automatiquement extraits et identifiés à partir d'images IRM grâce à un modèle utilisant une assemblée de réseaux neuronaux artificels. Nous avons inspecté visuellement en 3D les arrangements sulcaux de la face inférieure du lobe temporal, et les avons décrits en quatre classes de motifs. 4) Nous avons segmenté l'hippocampe des sujets contrôle et des patients ELT en utilisant SACHA, un algorithme de croissance de région contraint par des a priori anatomiques, et FreeSurfer, un logiciel libre se basant sur un atlas. Pour quantifier les malrotations, des modèles 3D ont été créés à partir des segmentations manuelles d'hippocampes et des sillons collatéraux extraits automatiquement.
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Bernasconi-Ladbon, Neda. "MRI of the parahippocampal region in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85081.
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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is among the most common chronic seizure disorders, accounting for approximately one-fourth of all cases of epilepsy. Although hippocampal sclerosis is the most common pattern of damage in TLE, there is electrophysiological and neuropathological evidence in both humans and animal models of this condition for the involvement of the parahippocampal region.In clinical practice, the investigation and treatment of patients with epilepsy has been revolutionized by the advent of MRI, which has been demonstrated to be a reliable and accurate indicator of pathologic findings underlying epilepsy. Advances in image acquisition and processing techniques combined with detailed descriptions of anatomy and cytoarchitectonic borders of parahippocampal structures on histologic sections have created the basis for precise determination of the boundaries of these cortical areas on MRI. This dissertation presents a series of MRI studies aimed at assessing volume changes in vivo of the parahippocampal region, and further elucidating its role in the pathogenesis of TLE.
To accomplish this we developed a standardized MRI protocol to measure the volume of the parahippocampal region structures in vivo. In agreement with previous neuropathological studies (Meencke and Veith, 1991), our results showed that damage to the mesial temporal lobe involves not only the hippocampus and the amygdala, but also the parahippocampal region structures in patients with intractable TLE. Within the parahippocampal region, the entorhinal cortex was the most affected structure. We observed that the atrophy was more severe in the anterior portion of the mesial temporal lobe involving mostly the hippocampal head and body as well as the EC. This pattern of atrophy, characterized by an antero-posterior gradient of pathology, may be explained by a disruption of entorhinal-hippocampal connections.
To evaluate the clinical role of entorhinal cortex volumetry we studied groups of TLE patients with hippocampal atrophy and those with normal hippocampal volumes as well as patients with extra-temporal lobe epilepsy.
Entorhinal cortex volumetry could provide correct lateralization of the seizure focus in 73% of TLE patients with hippocampal atrophy. Entorhinal cortex atrophy seems to be specific to TLE, since we found no atrophy in other forms of epilepsy, including frontal lobe and primary generalized epilepsy. We subsequently demonstrated that entorhinal cortex atrophy ipsilateral to the seizure focus can be the only MRI sign of mesial temporal damage in 64% of patients with normal hippocampal volumes.
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Bernhardt, Boris. "MRI - based cortical thickness analysis in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96974.
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Background. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common drug-resistant epilepsy in adults. TLE is typically associated with mesiotemporal atrophy on MRI, but ample data suggests further structural damage in neocortical regions and the thalamus. However, the underlying pathogenesis and relevance of these changes are poorly understood.Purpose. Our overall goal was to analyze the topography and progression of neocortical thinning, its clinical relevance, and its relationship to patterns of connectivity in drug-resistant TLE using MRI-based cortical thickness measurements.Methods. We carried out the following experiments: 1. Mapping the extent of neocortical thinning and assessing its relationship to mesiotemporal pathology. 2. Mapping progressive cortical thinning in TLE through cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. 3. Assessing the clinical value of cortical thickness measurements in TLE by investigating their reproducibility and relationship to surgical outcome. 4. Assessing organizational disruptions in cortico-cortical networks in TLE through a graph-theoretical analysis of cortical thickness correlations. 5. Analyzing the relationship between cortical thinning and thalamo-cortical connectivity. Local patterns of thalamic changes were assessed using thalamic surface-shape analysis. 6. Analyzing the relationship between cortical thinning and disruptions of subcortical white matter quantified by diffusion tensor imaging tractography.Results. We observed marked and progressive cortical thinning in TLE in mainly temporo-limbic and fronto-central cortices. Patterns of thinning were reproducible across datasets and bootstrap simulations, and seen inpatients with and without hippocampal atrophy. The degree of fronto-central cortical thinning correlated to atrophy in medial thalamic divisions, as well as to microstructural derangements in underlying white matter tracts. In operated patients, local patterns of cortical thinning as well as patterns of large-scale disruptions in cortico-cortical network organization related to post-surgical seizure recurrence.Significance. TLE is associated with widespread cortical thinning and large-scale structural network disruptions, indicating a systemic nature of brain pathology in this disorder. Cortical thinning is progressive and correlates with the degree of pathology in thalamic divisions, likely indicating damage due to seizure spread from mesiotemporal to thalamo-cortical networks. Local cortical thickness measurements and data from cortical thickness correlation networks provided useful information for surgical outcome prediction, and may ultimately improve the presurgical assessment in individual TLE patients.Contexte. L'épilepsie du lobe temporal (ELT) est la forme la plus courante d'épilepsie pharmaco-résistante chez l'adulte. ELT est généralement associée à une atrophie mésiotemporale visible en IRM, mais de nombreuses données suggèrent l'existence de dommages structurels plus étendus dans des régions néocorticales et le thalamus. Cependant la pathogénèse sous-jacente et la pertinence de ces changements sont mal connus.Objectif. Notre but était d'analyser la topographie et la progression de l'amincissement néocortical, sa pertinence clinique et ses liens avec des profils de connectivité dans des cas de ELT pharmaco-résistantes, à l'aide de mesures d'épaisseur corticale basées sur l'IRM.Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé les expériences suivantes: 1. Cartographie de l'étendue de l'amincissement cortical et évaluation de ses liens avec des pathologies mésiotemporales. 2. Cartographie de la progression de l'amincissement cortical accompagnant ELT, par le biais d'analyses transversales et longitudinales. 3. Évaluation de la valeur clinique des mesures d'épaisseur corticale pour ELT, par l'étude de leur reproductibilité et leurs relations avec les résultats de chirurgie. 4. Évaluation des perturbations de l'organisation des réseaux cortico-corticaux chez des patients avec ELT, par une analyse de théorie des graphes des corrélations de l'épaisseur corticale. 5. Analyse des relations entre l'amincissement cortical et la connectivité thalamo-corticale. Les motifs locaux de modifications thalamiques ont été évalués à l'aide d'une analyse de formes de la surface du thalamus. 6. Analyse des liens entre l'amincissement cortical et les perturbations de la matière blanche sous-corticale, quantifiés par des techniques de tractographie à partir d'images du tenseur de diffusion.Résultats. Nous avons observé un amincissement progressif marqué dans ELT, principalement dans le cortex temporo-limbique et fronto-central. Les motifs d'amincissement étaient reproductibles à travers des jeux de données et des simulations "bootstrap", et observés chez des patients présentant ou non une atrophie hippocampique. Le degré d'amincissement du cortex fronto-central corrélait à l'atrophie des divisions thalamiques médiales, aussi bien qu'aux perturbations de la microstructure des faisceaux de la matière blanche. Chez les patients opérés, les motifs locaux de l'amincissement cortical, tout comme les perturbations à grande échelle de l'organisation des réseaux cortico-corticaux, étaient en rapport avec la récidive post-opératoire des crises d'épilepsies.Significativité. ELT est associée à un amincissement cortical général et à des perturbations à grande échelle des réseaux structurels, suggérant la nature systémique de la pathologie cérébrale. L'amincissement cortical est progressif et corrèle au degré de pathologie des divisions thalamiques, ce qui indique des dommages probablement dus à la propagation des crises d'épilepsie des réseaux mésiotemporaux aux réseaux thalamo-corticaux. Les mesures locales de l'épaisseur corticale, ainsi que les données provenant des réseaux de corrélation d'épaisseur corticale, ont apporté des informations utiles à la prédiction des résultats chirurgicaux, et pourraient contribuer à améliorer l'évaluation pré-chirurgicale des patients atteints de ELT.
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Howard, Charlotte Emma. "Memory and metamemory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2257.
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It is well established that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) commonly report memory difficulties. The aim of this thesis was to use a novel approach adopting Nelson & Narens' (1990) theoretical framework to investigate whether metacognitive knowledge and memory performance were differentially disrupted in patients with TLE. More specifically, investigating to what extent poor memory in TLE could result from inadequate metamemory monitoring, inadequate metamemory control or both. Experiment I employed a combined Judgement-of-Learning and Feeling-of-Knowing task to investigate whether participants could monitor their memory successfully at both the item-by-item and global levels. The results revealed a dissociation between memory and metamemory in TLE patients. TLE patients presented with a clear episodic memory deficit compared with controls yet preserved metamemory abilities. Experiments 2 and 3 explored the sensitivity approach to examine metacognitive processes that operate during encoding in TLE patients and controls. Both these experiments demonstrated that TLE patients were sensitive to monitoring and control processes at encoding. The final experiment further investigated memory performance by examining the role of lateralisation of the seizure focus using material specific information and the 'Remember-Know' paradigm. The findings from the verbal task provided partial support to the material-specific hypothesis. The results from these experiments are discussed in terms of their association with executive functioning and memory deficits in TLE, and have important implications for future research examining memory and metamemory in TLE patients and other clinical populations.
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Egerton, Karen. "Social cognition and emotional intelligence in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575534.
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This thesis begins by reviewing the current literature regarding social cognition and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) and proceeds to investigate Emotional Intelligence (El) in people with People with TLE before and after surgical resection of the temporal lobe. Psychosocial maladjustment is noted as a significant problem in people with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Whether these difficulties are a consequence of living with a chronic seizure condition or whether the neuropathology associated with TLE may have a causal influence remains unclear. Recent literature in the field of social cognitive neuroscience regarding social cognition in TLE is reviewed. It is concluded that people with T1.E tend to have specific deficits in some aspects of social cognition, linked to the underlying neuropathology of the condition, and that this is likely to be a factor in the psychosocial difficulties often presented in this population. A research study is then reported in which emotional intelligence (El), a concept related to social cognition, is investigated in a TLE population. El in people with medically managed TLE was compared with people with TLE who had undergone resective surgery to control their seizures to further investigate whether impaired El in TLE is due to living with chronic seizures or a consequence of the underlying neuropathology. Results suggest that impaired ET of this population is likely a complex interaction of both these factors.
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Van, Paesschen Wim. "Quantitative MRI and hippocampal neuropathology of temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265249.
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Chandler, Kate Emma. "The role of GABAB receptors in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446842/.
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Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common partial epilepsy syndrome seen in adult humans. The hippocampus is a key structure in the evolution of temporal lobe seizures. The axons of the dentate granule cells, the mossy fibres, constitute a major hippocampal excitatory input. Inhibitory phenomena at mossy fibre synapses may therefore prevent seizure propagation through the hippocampus. One such inhibitory phenomenon is heterosynaptic depression. In this thesis I studied the role of GABAB receptors in temporal lobe epilepsy. In particular I studied changes in GABAB receptor-mediated heterosynaptic depression at the mossy fibre synapse following status epilepticus. I have shown that status epilepticus, triggered by either perforant path stimulation or pilocarpine administration, was followed 24 hours later by a loss of GABAB receptor-mediated heterosynaptic depression among populations of mossy fibres. This was accompanied by a decrease in the sensitivity of mossy fibre transmission to the exogenous GABAB receptor agonist baclofen. Autoradiography revealed a reduction in GABAB receptor binding in stratum lucidum after status epilepticus. I then addressed the question: what is the source of the GABA that mediates heterosynaptic depression I have also shown that the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen has antiepileptic properties. In addition, GABAB receptors do not appear to be involved in the function of the antiepileptic drug tiagabine. Failure of GABAB receptor-mediated modulation of mossy fibre transmission may contribute to the development of spontaneous seizures after status epilepticus. The GABAB receptor may be useful as a target for antiepileptic drugs.
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Bonner, Shawna N. "Social cognition and psychosocial functioning in temporal lobe epilepsy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1382373117.
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Powell, Howell William Robert. "Investigating brain structure and function in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446099/.
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Background Anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) is increasingly used in the treatment of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Complications of surgery include a decline in language and memory abilities, and visual field defects. The principal aim of this thesis was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to improve the planning of effective surgical treatment for patients with TLE by using functional MRI to localise areas in the brain involved in language and memory function, and MR-tractography to investigate the structural connections of these areas and those involved in visual function. Methods Ten control subjects underwent tractography to study the connections of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Two patients underwent tractography pre- and post-operatively to look at the trajectory of the optic radiation. For the memory studies we scanned 10 control subjects and 15 presurgical patients with refractory TLE. For the combined language fMRI and tractography study, 10 control subjects and 14 patients with hippocampal sclerosis underwent both fMRI and tractography. All scans were performed on a 1.5T GE Signa Horizon scanner. Findings The connections of the MTL were identified in a group of control subjects. The optic radiation was mapped preoperatively and shown to be disrupted following ATLR in a patient with a visual field defect. A material-specific lateralisation of memory encoding activation was demonstrated in control subjects with reduced ipsilateral activation in patients with TLE. Increased ipsilateral hippocampal activation correlated with better preoperative memory function and with greater postoperative memory decline. fMRI and tractography were combined to study the structural connections of functional language areas in controls and TLE patients, demonstrating reduced left sided and increased right hemisphere connections in left TLE patients, findings that reflected the pattern of functional activation.
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Kemper, Birgit. "Neuropsychologische Untersuchung bei Frontallappenepilepsien ein Vergleich kognitiver Leistungen zwischen Patienten mit Frontal- und Temporallappenepilepsie im Rahmen der prächirurgischen Diagnostik /." Münster : Universität Münster, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/64528329.html.
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O'Dwyer, Rebecca. "Quantitative Analysis of Ictal Head Movements in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-82320.
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Jack, Roisin. "Memory functioning and quality of life in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24736.
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The principal aim of this research was to explore whether individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy and significant memory impairment experience lower quality of life. Executive functioning and locus of control issues in temporal lobe epilepsy were also considered. A within subject design was used to explore these issues. Twenty-two participants with temporal lobe epilepsy underwent a neuropsychological assessment and completed 3 questionnaires; the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 item questionnaire, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Pearson correlations were used to investigate relationships between variables. A significant positive relationship between memory impairment and quality of life in temporal lobe epilepsy was revealed. Executive functioning was also shown to be an important factor influencing memory and quality of life. The influence of locus of control on memory and quality of life was less than anticipated. The results were discussed in relation to current literature. The implications of these findings for clinical practice and treatment were also considered.
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Carter, Georgina Maria. "Very long term memory in people with temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268653.
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Mickley, Nicole C. "Subtypes of Memory Impairment in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/64.
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Memory impairments are common in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This is understandable given that temporal lobe brain structures involved in TLE play a central role in encoding memories. It is widely accepted that individuals whose seizure focus is in the left temporal lobe (LTLE) tend to have verbal memory impairments, whereas individuals whose seizure focus is in the right temporal lobe (RTLE) tend to have visuospatial memory impairments. However, evidence of functional subdivisions within the left and right temporal lobes in both the animal and human literature suggest that more specific subtypes of memory impairment may exist in TLE based on differences in seizure foci. The aim of this study was to identify more specific subtypes of memory-impairments in patients with intractable TLE using several measures of memory functioning and cluster analysis. Identification of more specific memory subtypes in TLE could have prognostic significance for patients and contribute to our knowledge about the organization of memory systems of the human brain. Four memory subtypes were identified in this sample: 1) patients with mild to moderate figural memory deficits; 2) patients with moderate to severe figural memory deficits, mild facial recognition deficits, and mild attention/concentration deficits; 3) patients with severe figural memory deficits and mild verbal episodic memory deficits; and 4) patients with no episodic or semantic memory deficits. Unexpectedly, the subtypes found did not exhibit the expected pattern of verbal memory impairments with left temporal lobe damage/dysfunction or visuospatial memory impairments with right temporal lobe damage/dysfunction. However, consistent with the literature, there was a trend towards some clusters with better verbal memory having higher left hippocampal volumes; and a trend towards one cluster with facial recognition deficits having lower anterior temporal lobe volumes. Small sample sizes in this study limited the ability to clearly validate many of the cluster differences, particularly differences in brain volumes. Nevertheless, the results of this study support the hypothesis that subtypes of memory impairment do exist in patients with TLE. With larger sample sizes, it is plausible that additional subtypes may be found, or the characteristics of the subtypes found may become clearer.
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Duchesne, Simon. "Computer aided diagnosis in temporal lobe epilepsy and Alzheimer's dementia." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100354.
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Computer aided diagnosis within neuroimaging must rely on advanced image processing techniques to detect and quantify subtle signal changes that may be surrogate indicators of disease state. This thesis proposes two such novel methodologies that are both based on large volumes of interest, are data driven, and use cross-sectional scans: appearance-based classification (ABC) and voxel-based classification (VBC).The concept of appearance in ABC represents the union of intensity and shape information extracted from magnetic resonance images (MRI). The classification method relies on a linear modeling of appearance features via principal components analysis, and comparison of the distribution of projection coordinates for the populations under study within a reference multidimensional appearance eigenspace. Classification is achieved using forward, stepwise linear discriminant analyses, in multiple cross-validated trials. In this work, the ABC methodology is shown to accurately lateralize the seizure focus in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), differentiate normal aging individuals from patients with either Alzheimer's dementia (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and finally predict the progression of MCI patients to AD. These applications demonstrated that the ABC technique is robust to different signal changes due to two distinct pathologies, to low resolution data and motion artifacts, and to possible differences inherent to multi-site acquisition.
The VBC technique relies on voxel-based morphometry to identify regions of grey and white matter concentration differences between co-registered cohorts of individuals, and then on linear modeling of variables extracted from these regions. Classification is achieved using linear discriminant analyses within a multivariate space composed of voxel-based morphometry measures related to grey and white matter concentration, along with clinical variables of interest. VBC is shown to increase the accuracy of prediction of one-year clinical status from three to four out of five TLE patients having undergone selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy. These two techniques are shown to have the necessary potential to solve current problems in neurological research, assist clinical physicians with their decision-making process and influence positively patient management.
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Voets, Natalie L. "Pre-surgical fMRI evaluation of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427657.
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Hawkins, C. A. "Some studies on an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375246.
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Anderson, Elizabeth. "Epilepsy of the temporal lobe origin : cognitive and psychosocial sequelae." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261087.
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Yaakub, Siti Nurbaya. "Interictal epileptogenic networks and endophenotypes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interictal-epileptogenic-networks-and-endophenotypes-in-mesial-temporal-lobe-epilepsy(0bac17b4-9b4a-485c-af20-ec33eec3e52a).html.
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Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common adult focal epilepsy and is traditionally thought to involve focal-onset seizures arising from the affected hippocampus. Recent neuroimaging studies however have shown widespread bilateral structural and functional abnormalities in MTLE, providing evidence for MTLE as a network disorder. There has also been some evidence that neuroimaging-derived traits could be potential endophenotypes for MTLE. This thesis aimed to identify abnormalities in MTLE and to investigate the suitability of these traits as potential endophenotypes through magnetic resonance imaging- (MRI) and electroencephalography- (EEG) based investigations in MTLE patients, their first-degree unaffected relatives and healthy control participants. Temporal lobe morphology alterations were detected in MTLE patients and unaffected relatives using structural MRI morphometry. Diffusion MRI tractography of the fornix identified alterations in MTLE patients but not their relatives, although tract indices were correlated with hippocampal volumes in both groups but not in healthy controls. A reduction in the peak alpha frequency (PAF) of the EEG data was observed in MTLE patients, with a trend toward decreased PAF in unaffected relatives. The anterior insular and frontal opercular regions were implicated in a network associated with the occipital alpha rhythm in MTLE patients from EEG-correlated MRI and fMRI. Finally, there was a trend toward network reorganisation at the whole-brain level and in hippocampal sub-networks, and evidence for altered hubs in MTLE patients. This thesis presents evidence indicating structural and functional abnormalities in MTLE extend beyond the affected hippocampus and that some subtle alterations may be present in unaffected relatives. This suggests possible candidate MRI- and EEG-based endophenotypes for MTLE for further investigation.
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Takaya, Shigetoshi. "Prefrontal hypofunction in patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135641.
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Kraus, Larissa [Verfasser]. "RNA-edited glycine receptors in temporal lobe epilepsy / Larissa Kraus." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218077158/34.
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Farrow, Tom F. D. "Hippocampus, cognitive function and epilepsy." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322874.
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Pniewski, Krystne. "The assessment and treatment of concerns and anxiety in patients undergoing pre-surgical monitoring for epilepsy /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002908.
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Thom, Maria. "Microscopic malformations in temporal lobe epilepsy : an immunohistochemical and quantitative study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405729.
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Wisniewski, Ilona. "Neuropsychological aspects of right temporal lobe epilepsy : visual memory and perception." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865637.
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The aim of the present thesis was to advance the knowledge of diagnostic procedures for lateralizing visual memory deficits and to study the characteristics of perception in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The first study examined the appropriateness of four routinely used learning and reproduction visuo-spatial memory tests as an identification method for right mesial temporal lobe dysfunctions. Various statistical methods illustrate the tests poor capacity to lateralize the functional deficit zone, even when epilepsy-related clinical and other cognitive factors were controlled. The second study is built upon the results of the first, aiming to validate a new test paradigm for lateralizing right hippocampal dysfunctions. Thus we assessed mesial TLE patients preoperatively with the Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS-48) task and postoperatively with two parallel versions that we had developed and standardized in healthy controls. Our analysis suggests that the DMS-48 and its parallel versions were able to lateralize the epileptic onset zone pre- and postsurgically. The third part consists of an expansion from visual memory to visual perception. A study of single case suggests that visual object recognition and visual imagery are sustained by cortical areas located in proximity to the temporo-occipital ventral pathway and that perception and imagery for space is subserved by mechanisms, which are close anatomically, and outside the ventral path. Furthermore, the results seem to indicate that nonlesional paroxysmal activity in the posterior temporal lobe can cause chronic dysfunctions of the visual system, which may be reversible with effective seizure control.
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Wood, Stephen James. "Memory dysfunction and focal pathology in children with temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300670.
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Hoefeijzers, Serge. "The neuropsychology of accelerated long-term forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21114.
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Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often complain of a fading of new memories over days to weeks. This is particularly the case for patients with transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), a subtype of TLE. Objective memory testing sometimes corroborates this complaint, demonstrating normal or near-normal recall after standard delays (10-30 minutes), followed by a rapid decline in recall over longer delays (i.e. 1 week). This ‘nonstandard’ form of memory impairment has been termed accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF). It may reflect impairment of memory encoding, consolidation or retrieval. The aim of this thesis was to characterise the cognitive basis of ALF in TEA/TLE. The objectives were to: (a) determine the time scale of ALF of words (Chapter 3), (b) establish whether ALF affects picture recognition (Chapter 4), (c) establish whether ALF is affected by repeated retrieval (Chapter 2), number of learning trials (Chapter 5) and post-learning sensory stimulation (interference) (Chapter 5), (d) investigate ALF under incidental encoding conditions (Chapter 6), and (e) examine ALF associated with baclofen, a GABAB – receptor agonist (Chapter 7). A range of experimental paradigms and materials were applied to test memory function in several samples of TEA/TLE patients complaining of ALF and in healthy controls. The experiments revealed the following: ALF for word lists became apparent after 3–8 hours of daytime wakefulness, suggesting that disturbance of sleep related consolidation processes is not necessary for ALF to emerge in TEA. ALF for verbal information occurred both under incidental and intentional encoding conditions, and this rapid forgetting was not prevented by cued or recognition tests or by the matching of encoding conditions for patients and controls. This suggests that ALF is not associated primarily with an encoding or retrieval deficit. Although multiple learning trials and reduced sensory stimulation after learning reduced early forgetting (over 15-30 minutes) in TEA/TLE, neither factor reduced long-term forgetting. Moreover, in contrast to verbal recall, picture recognition was impoverished after minutes, but declined normally thereafter, demonstrating a subtle ‘early’ memory deficit in TEA, which might or might not be related to ALF. Overall, the present research suggests that ALF reflects a consolidation deficit, which results in accelerating forgetting the first few hours to days after memory acquisition, without a requirement for intervening sleep.
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Bailey, Laurie J. "Postoperative Neuropsychological Outcomes in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407806/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological outcomes of pediatric subjects undergoing temporal lobe surgery, and then compare the outcomes between subjects in the iMRI and the standard operating suites. This study involved 77 children ages one to 21 years (M = 11.98) at time of surgery for intractable epilepsy. Forty-seven returned for repeat neuropsychological assessment. At baseline, subjects with early onset of epilepsy (≤ 7 years) scored worse on a measure of attention (p = .02), FSIQ (p < .01), perceptual reasoning (p < .01), and processing speed (p = .06). At one-year follow-up, interactions were observed for the response style domain of the attention measure (p = .03), FSIQ (p = .06) and working memory (p = .08). Follow-up at one year, for the group as a whole, revealed decline in verbal memory (p = .04) and reading comprehension (p = .02); and improvement for word reading (p = .05). No significant differences were observed between the iMRI and standard operating suite. Though, hemisphere, duration of epilepsy, preoperative seizure frequency, lesional disease, seizure type, presence of epileptogenic focus, and number of lobes involved accounted for variance in neuropsychological outcomes. These results provide further support for that certain preoperative individual, disease, and therapeutic variables are predictive of neurocognitive outcome following surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy. Additionally, the results demonstrated that surgery may also impact attention.