Journal articles on the topic 'Temporal Event Sequence'
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Monroe, Megan, Rongjian Lan, Hanseung Lee, Catherine Plaisant, and Ben Shneiderman. "Temporal Event Sequence Simplification." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 19, no. 12 (December 2013): 2227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2013.200.
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Segura, Susana, Pablo Fernandez-Berrocal, and Ruth M. J. Byrne. "Temporal and causal order effects in thinking about what might have been." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, no. 4 (October 2002): 1295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980244000125.
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When people think counterfactually about what might have been different for a sequence of events, they are influenced by the order in which the events occurred. They tend to mentally undo the most recent event in a temporal sequence of two events. But they tend to mentally undo the first event in a causal sequence of four events. We report the results of two experiments that show that the temporal and causal order effects are not dependent on the number of events in the sequence. Our first experiment, with 300 participants, shows that the temporal order effect occurs for sequences with four events as well as for sequences with two events. Our second experiment, with 372 participants, shows that the causal order effect occurs for sequences with two events as well as for sequences with four events. We discuss the results in terms of the mental representations that people construct of temporal and causal sequences.
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Gupta, Vinayak, Srikanta Bedathur, and Abir De. "Learning Temporal Point Processes for Efficient Retrieval of Continuous Time Event Sequences." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 4 (June 28, 2022): 4005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i4.20317.
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Recent developments in predictive modeling using marked temporal point processes (MTPPs) have enabled an accurate characterization of several real-world applications involving continuous-time event sequences (CTESs). However, the retrieval problem of such sequences remains largely unaddressed in literature. To tackle this, we propose NEUROSEQRET which learns to retrieve and rank a relevant set of continuous-time event sequences for a given query sequence, from a large corpus of sequences. More specifically, NEUROSEQRET first applies a trainable unwarping function on the query sequence, which makes it comparable with corpus sequences, especially when a relevant query-corpus pair has individually different attributes. Next, it feeds the unwarped query sequence and the corpus sequence into MTPP guided neural relevance models. We develop two variants of the relevance model which offer a tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency. We also propose an optimization framework to learn binary sequence embeddings from the relevance scores, suitable for the locality-sensitive hashing leading to a significant speedup in returning top-K results for a given query sequence. Our experiments with several datasets show the significant accuracy boost of NEUROSEQRET beyond several baselines, as well as the efficacy of our hashing mechanism.
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Bellmund, Jacob L. S., Ignacio Polti, and Christian F. Doeller. "Sequence Memory in the Hippocampal–Entorhinal Region." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 11 (November 2020): 2056–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01592.
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Episodic memories are constructed from sequences of events. When recalling such a memory, we not only recall individual events, but we also retrieve information about how the sequence of events unfolded. Here, we focus on the role of the hippocampal–entorhinal region in processing and remembering sequences of events, which are thought to be stored in relational networks. We summarize evidence that temporal relations are a central organizational principle for memories in the hippocampus. Importantly, we incorporate novel insights from recent studies about the role of the adjacent entorhinal cortex in sequence memory. In rodents, the lateral entorhinal subregion carries temporal information during ongoing behavior. The human homologue is recruited during memory recall where its representations reflect the temporal relationships between events encountered in a sequence. We further introduce the idea that the hippocampal–entorhinal region might enable temporal scaling of sequence representations. Flexible changes of sequence progression speed could underlie the traversal of episodic memories and mental simulations at different paces. In conclusion, we describe how the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus contribute to remembering event sequences—a core component of episodic memory.
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Koseoglu, Baran, Erdem Kaya, Selim Balcisoy, and Burcin Bozkaya. "ST Sequence Miner: visualization and mining of spatio-temporal event sequences." Visual Computer 36, no. 10-12 (July 16, 2020): 2369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01894-6.
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Xu, Fuyu, and Kate Beard. "A Unifying Framework for Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Event Sequence Similarity and Its Applications." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090594.
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Measures of similarity or differences between data objects are applied frequently in geography, biology, computer science, linguistics, logic, business analytics, and statistics, among other fields. This work focuses on event sequence similarity among event sequences extracted from time series observed at spatially deployed monitoring locations with the aim of enhancing the understanding of process similarity over time and geospatial locations. We present a framework for a novel matrix-based spatiotemporal event sequence representation that unifies punctual and interval-based representation of events. This unified representation of spatiotemporal event sequences (STES) supports different event data types and provides support for data mining and sequence classification and clustering. The similarity measure is based on the Jaccard index with temporal order constraints and accommodates different event data types. The approach is demonstrated through simulated data examples and the performance of the similarity measures is evaluated with a k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN) classification test on synthetic datasets. As a case study, we demonstrate the use of these similarity measures in a spatiotemporal analysis of event sequences extracted from space time series of a water quality monitoring system.
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Landgraf, Steffen, Susanne Raisig, and Elke van der Meer. "Discerning Temporal Expectancy Effects in Script Processing: Evidence from Pupillary and Eye Movement Recordings." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 2 (January 23, 2012): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617711001809.
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AbstractAccessing the temporal position of events (early or late in the event sequence) can influence the generation of predictions about upcoming events. However, it is unclear how the temporal position is processed strategically. To investigate this, we presented event pairs to 23 healthy volunteers manipulating temporal order (chronological, inverse) and temporal position (early, late). Pupil dilation, eye movements, and behavioral data, showed that chronological and early event pairs are processed with more ease than inverse and late event pairs. Indexed by the pupillary response late events and inversely presented event pairs elicited greater cognitive processing demands than early events and chronologically presented event pairs. Regarding eye movements, fixation duration was less sensitive to temporal position than to temporal order. Looking at each item of the event sequence only once was behaviorally more effective than looking multiple times at each event regardless of whether temporal position or temporal order was processed. These results emphasize that accessing temporal position and temporal order information results in dissociable behavioral patterns. While more cognitive resources are necessary for processing late and inverse items, change of information acquisition strategies turns out to be most effective when temporal order processing is required. (JINS, 2012,18, 351–360)
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KEMPE, STEFFEN, JOCHEN HIPP, CARSTEN LANQUILLON, and RUDOLF KRUSE. "MINING FREQUENT TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN INTERVAL SEQUENCES." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 16, no. 05 (October 2008): 645–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488508005546.
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Recently a new type of data source came into the focus of knowledge discovery from temporal data: interval sequences. In contrast to event sequences, interval sequences contain labeled events with a temporal extension. However, existing algorithms for mining patterns from interval sequences proved to be far from satisfying our needs. In brief, we missed an approach that, at the same time, defines support as the number of pattern instances, allows input data that consists of more than one sequence, implements time constraints on a pattern instance, and counts multiple instances of a pattern within one interval sequence. In this paper we propose a new support definition which incorporates these properties. We also describe FSMSet, an algorithm that employs the new support definition, and demonstrate its performance on field data from the automotive business.
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Muthmainah, Hajar Hujjatul, and Oktiva Herry Chandra. "The Use of Temporal Deixis in Portraying Time Displacement and Sequences of Event in Short Stories." Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies 5, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/culturalistics.v5i3.12750.
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This thesis deals with how readers understand the sequences of event and time displacement in the literary works especially short story. Temporal deixis, as one of deixis types, have an important role along with tense to help readers understand the story. This thesis identifies the sequences of event, describes time displacement and sequence event in short story by using temporal deixis and tense, and explains the use of temporal deixis in short stories. The result shows that four selected short stories contain temporal deixis and change of tense. In conclusion, the four selected short stories contain temporal deixis and change of tense to signify time displacement from present to past and vice versa.Keywords: temporal deixis; time displacement; sequences of event; tense; short story
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Brandenberger, Laurence. "Predicting Network Events to Assess Goodness of Fit of Relational Event Models." Political Analysis 27, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): 556–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2019.10.
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Relational event models are becoming increasingly popular in modeling temporal dynamics of social networks. Due to their nature of combining survival analysis with network model terms, standard methods of assessing model fit are not suitable to determine if the models are specified sufficiently to prevent biased estimates. This paper tackles this problem by presenting a simple procedure for model-based simulations of relational events. Predictions are made based on survival probabilities and can be used to simulate new event sequences. Comparing these simulated event sequences to the original event sequence allows for in depth model comparisons (including parameter as well as model specifications) and testing of whether the model can replicate network characteristics sufficiently to allow for unbiased estimates.
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Chen, Yuanzhe, Panpan Xu, and Liu Ren. "Sequence Synopsis: Optimize Visual Summary of Temporal Event Data." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 24, no. 1 (January 2018): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2017.2745083.
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Shimohara, Katsunori, Tadasu Uchiyama, and Yukio Tokunaga. "Subconnection neural network for event-driven temporal sequence processing." Neural Networks 6, no. 5 (January 1993): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(05)80115-7.
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Gotz, David, and Harry Stavropoulos. "DecisionFlow: Visual Analytics for High-Dimensional Temporal Event Sequence Data." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 20, no. 12 (December 31, 2014): 1783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2014.2346682.
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Malhotra, Kunal, Shamkant B. Navathe, Duen Horng Chau, Costas Hadjipanayis, and Jimeng Sun. "Constraint based temporal event sequence mining for Glioblastoma survival prediction." Journal of Biomedical Informatics 61 (June 2016): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2016.03.020.
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Li, Longyuan, Jihai Zhang, Junchi Yan, Yaohui Jin, Yunhao Zhang, Yanjie Duan, and Guangjian Tian. "Synergetic Learning of Heterogeneous Temporal Sequences for Multi-Horizon Probabilistic Forecasting." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 8420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i10.17023.
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Time-series is ubiquitous across applications, such as transportation, finance and healthcare. Time-series is often influenced by external factors, especially in the form of asynchronous events, making forecasting difficult. However, existing models are mainly designated for either synchronous time-series or asynchronous event sequence, and can hardly provide a synthetic way to capture the relation between them. We propose Variational Synergetic Multi-Horizon Network (VSMHN), a novel deep conditional generative model. To learn complex correlations across heterogeneous sequences, a tailored encoder is devised to combine the advances in deep point processes models and variational recurrent neural networks. In addition, an aligned time coding and an auxiliary transition scheme are carefully devised for batched training on unaligned sequences. Our model can be trained effectively using stochastic variational inference and generates probabilistic predictions with Monte-Carlo simulation. Furthermore, our model produces accurate, sharp and more realistic probabilistic forecasts. We also show that modeling asynchronous event sequences is crucial for multi-horizon time-series forecasting.
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Wang, Zhaonan, Renhe Jiang, Hao Xue, Flora D. Salim, Xuan Song, and Ryosuke Shibasaki. "Event-Aware Multimodal Mobility Nowcasting." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 4 (June 28, 2022): 4228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i4.20342.
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As a decisive part in the success of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), spatio-temporal predictive modeling for crowd movements is a challenging task particularly considering scenarios where societal events drive mobility behavior deviated from the normality. While tremendous progress has been made to model high-level spatio-temporal regularities with deep learning, most, if not all of the existing methods are neither aware of the dynamic interactions among multiple transport modes nor adaptive to unprecedented volatility brought by potential societal events. In this paper, we are therefore motivated to improve the canonical spatio-temporal network (ST-Net) from two perspectives: (1) design a heterogeneous mobility information network (HMIN) to explicitly represent intermodality in multimodal mobility; (2) propose a memory-augmented dynamic filter generator (MDFG) to generate sequence-specific parameters in an on-the-fly fashion for various scenarios. The enhanced event-aware spatio-temporal network, namely EAST-Net, is evaluated on several real-world datasets with a wide variety and coverage of societal events. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental results verify the superiority of our approach compared with the state-of-the-art baselines. Code and data are published on https://github.com/underdoc-wang/EAST-Net.
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Zhang, Yixuan, Kartik Chanana, and Cody Dunne. "IDMVis: Temporal Event Sequence Visualization for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment Decision Support." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 25, no. 1 (January 2019): 512–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2018.2865076.
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Thavabalasingam, Sathesan, Edward B. O’Neil, Jonathan Tay, Adrian Nestor, and Andy C. H. Lee. "Evidence for the incorporation of temporal duration information in human hippocampal long-term memory sequence representations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 12, 2019): 6407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819993116.
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There has been much interest in how the hippocampus codes time in support of episodic memory. Notably, while rodent hippocampal neurons, including populations in subfield CA1, have been shown to represent the passage of time in the order of seconds between events, there is limited support for a similar mechanism in humans. Specifically, there is no clear evidence that human hippocampal activity during long-term memory processing is sensitive to temporal duration information that spans seconds. To address this gap, we asked participants to first learn short event sequences that varied in image content and interval durations. During fMRI, participants then completed a recognition memory task, as well as a recall phase in which they were required to mentally replay each sequence in as much detail as possible. We found that individual sequences could be classified using activity patterns in the anterior hippocampus during recognition memory. Critically, successful classification was dependent on the conjunction of event content and temporal structure information (with unsuccessful classification of image content or interval duration alone), and further analyses suggested that the most informative voxels resided in the anterior CA1. Additionally, a classifier trained on anterior CA1 recognition data could successfully identify individual sequences from the mental replay data, suggesting that similar activity patterns supported participants’ recognition and recall memory. Our findings complement recent rodent hippocampal research, and provide evidence that long-term sequence memory representations in the human hippocampus can reflect duration information in the order of seconds.
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Palombo, Daniela J., Allison G. Reid, Sathesan Thavabalasingam, Renée Hunsberger, Andy C. H. Lee, and Mieke Verfaellie. "The Human Medial Temporal Lobe Is Necessary for Remembering Durations within a Sequence of Events but Not Durations of Individual Events." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 3 (March 2020): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01489.
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Recent interest in the role of the hippocampus in temporal aspects of cognition has been fueled, in part, by the observation of “time” cells in the rodent hippocampus—that is, cells that have differential firing patterns depending on how long ago an event occurred. Such cells are thought to provide an internal representation of elapsed time. Yet, the hippocampus is not needed for processing temporal duration information per se, at least on the order of seconds, as evidenced by intact duration judgments in rodents and humans with hippocampal damage. Rather, it has been proposed that the hippocampus may be essential for coding higher order aspects of temporal mnemonic processing, such as those needed to temporally organize a sequence of events that form an episode. To examine whether (1) the hippocampus uses duration information in the service of establishing temporal relations among events and (2) its role in memory for duration is unique to sequences, we tested amnesic patients with medial-temporal lobe damage (including the hippocampus). We hypothesized that medial-temporal lobe damage should impair the ability to remember sequential duration information but leave intact judgments about duration devoid of a sequential demand. We found that amnesics were impaired in making judgments about durations within a sequence but not in judging single durations. This impairment was not due to higher cognitive load associated with duration judgments about sequences. In convergence with rodent and human fMRI work, these findings shed light on how time coding in the hippocampus may contribute to temporal cognition.
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Velikanov, S. V. "TEMPORAL SIGN OF CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP IN CRIMINALISTICS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 16 (November 30, 2016): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2016.08.
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The issues of temporal sign of a causal relationship in Criminalistics is considered. The problematics of the asymmetry of the direction of time and causality have been worked out, approaches to clarifying the sequence and simultaneity of the event- cause and the event-consequence in Criminalistics have been proposed.
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Gorin, Simon. "The influence of rhythm on short-term memory for serial order." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 12 (July 27, 2020): 2071–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820941358.
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In the field of verbal short-term memory (STM), numerous theoretical models have been proposed to explain how serial order information is processed and represented. Evidence suggests that serial order is represented through associations between items and a varying contextual signal coding the position of each item in a sequence, but the nature of this contextual signal is still a matter of debate (i.e., event-based vs. time-based varying signal). According to event-based models of serial order, the contextual signal coding serial order is not sensitive to temporal manipulations, as it is the case in irregularly timed sequences. Up to now, the study of the temporal factors influencing serial order STM has been limited to temporal grouping and temporal isolation effects. The goal of the present study is to specify in more detail the role played by temporal factors in serial order STM tasks. To accomplish this, we compared recall performance and error patterns for sequences presenting items at a regular or an irregular and unpredictable timing in three experiments. The results showed that irregular timing does not affect serial recall nor the pattern of errors. These data clearly favour the view that serial order in verbal STM is represented with event-based rather than time-based codes.
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Ambar, Manuela. "Inflected Infinitives Revisited: Genericity and Single Event." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 43, no. 1 (March 1998): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100020417.
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AbstractThis article argues for a minimalist approach to the variation between Romance languages with respect to the generic interpretation associated with infinitival complements of epistemic verbs. It is proposed that epistemic verbs have inherent temporal features and that they assign a tense feature to their complement. These features are checked under a Spec-head relation through two temporal projections, related either to the object position or the subject position. The variation observed between Portuguese and French, Italian and Spanish with respect to the event interpretation of infinitives is formulated in terms of the strong/weak status of the [+specific] feature of Tense. The difference in the temporal interpretation of the inflected infinitives with respect to the presence or absence of thehave+ past participle sequence is derived from the hypothesis that the tense of the participle raises to the TP projection that c-commands it when it is morphologically invisible, the indicative present being visible in Portuguese, but not in the other languages.
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Gu, Yulong. "Attentive Neural Point Processes for Event Forecasting." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 9 (May 18, 2021): 7592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i9.16929.
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Event sequence, where each event is associated with a marker and a timestamp, is increasingly ubiquitous in various applications. Accordingly, event forecasting emerges to be a crucial problem, which aims to predict the next event based on the historical sequence. In this paper, we propose ANPP, an Attentive Neural Point Processes framework to solve this problem. In comparison with state-of-the-art methods like recurrent marked temporal point processes, ANPP leverages the time-aware self-attention mechanism to explicitly model the influence between every pair of historical events, resulting in more accurate predictions of events and better interpretation ability. Extensive experiments on one synthetic and four real-world datasets demonstrate that ANPP can achieve significant performance gains against state-of-the-art methods for predictions of both timings and markers. To facilitate future research, we release the codes and datasets at https://github.com/guyulongcs/AAAI2021\_ANPP.
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Diamond, Nicholas B., and Brian Levine. "Linking Detail to Temporal Structure in Naturalistic-Event Recall." Psychological Science 31, no. 12 (November 23, 2020): 1557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620958651.
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Decades of memory research demonstrate the importance of temporal organization in recall dynamics, using laboratory stimuli (i.e., word lists) at seconds- to minutes-long delays. Little is known, however, about such organization in recall of richer and more remote real-world experiences, in which the focus is usually on memory content without reference to event order. Here, 119 younger and older adults freely recalled extended real-world experiences, for which the encoding sequence was controlled, after 2 days or 1 week. We paired analytical tools from the list-learning and autobiographical memory literatures to measure spontaneous contextual dynamics and details in these recall narratives. Recall dynamics were organized by temporal context (contiguity and forward asymmetry), and organization was reduced in older age, despite similar serial position effects and recall initiation across age groups. Across participants, organization was positively associated with richness of episodic detail, providing evidence for a link between reexperiencing past events and reinstating their spatiotemporal context.
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Mayorova-Scheglova, S. N., E. А. Kolosova, and А. Yu Gubanova. "Routes of offline and online childhood life: event analysis." ОЙКУМЕНА. РЕГИОНОВЕДЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ 3 (2020): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1998-6785/2020-3/21-34.
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The article substantiates the expansion of factors of children's mobility and the inclusion of a temporal factor associated with the characteristics of time: age-related debuts of movements, the transformation of individual episodes of activity into group routes, the sequence of development of environmental objects, the influence of the specific historical situation of residence. There are three areаs of movements in independent mobility – intrafamily, extrafamily, and virtual mobility. Based on the author's study in 2018, the temporal characteristics of many events of modern childhood are presented and some forecasts and hypotheses of the relationship between mobility and growing up are described.
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Gospodinov, D. "MODELLING THE ENERGY RELEASE PROCESS OF AFTERSHOCKS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11840.
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A stochastic model for the study of Benioff strain release during aftershock sequences is suggested. The stochastic model is elaborated after a compound Poisson process and is applied on data of the M7.1 Ocober 18, 1989 Loma Prieta aftershock sequence in northern California, USA. The temporal evolution of the number of events is first modelled by the Restricted Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (RETAS) model and then the identified best fit model is incorporated in the energy release analysis. The suggested model is based on the assumptions that there is no relation between the magnitude and the occurrence time of an event first and second, that there is no relation between the magnitude of a certain event and magnitudes of previous events. The obtained results from the examination of the energy release reveal that the suggested model makes a good fit of the aftershock Benioff strain release and enables a more detailed study by identifying possible deviations between data and model. The real cumulative energy release values surpass the expected model ones, which proves that aftershocks, stronger than forecasted by the model, are clustered at the beginning of the Loma Prieta sequence.
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Шереметьева, О. В. "Power-law patterns in sequences of statistically related events preceding to the main event." Вестник КРАУНЦ. Физико-математические науки, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26117/2079-6641-2020-33-4-102-109.
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Используя статистическую модель связанных событий и данные сейсмического каталога КФ ФИЦ ГС РАН за период 01.01.1962-31.12.2002 (n = 79283 события) для зоны субдукции Курило-Камчатской островной дуги (50°-60° с.ш., 156°-166° в.д., классы 4.1-16.1, глубины 0-600 км) построены последовательности событий, предшествующих главному событию заданной магнитуды и связанных с ним в пространственно-временной области. Проведён статистический анализ наличия степенных закономерностей в этих последовательностях на основании релаксационной модели деформационной активности. Степенные закономерности были выделены только в последовательностях связанных событий, предшествующих главному событию с энергетическим классом меньше 12 (показатель степени 0.5-0.7). Это объясняется большим объёмом выборки для главных событий такого класса и небольшой пространственно-временной областью их подготовки, что уменьшает вероятность попадания афтершоков от более крупных событий, предшествующих главному удару, в рассматриваемые последовательности. Using a statistical model of related events and data from the seismic catalog of the FRC GS RAS for the period 01.01.1962-31.12.2002 (n = 79283 events) for the subduction zone of the Kuril-Кamchatka island arc (50°-60° N, 156°-166° E, classes 4.1-16.1, depths 0-600 km) the sequences of events preceding the main event of a given magnitude and associated with it in the spatio-temporal region are constructed. A statistical analysis of the power laws presence in these sequences was carried out on the basis of the relaxation model of deformation activity. It was possible to obtain power-law patterns in sequences of related events for main events thet energy class is less than 12. The exponent takes the values of 0.5-0.7. The possibility of detecting of power-law patterns for the main events of such an energy class is explained by a large sample size for them and by a by a small spatio-temporal region of event preparation that reduces the probability to got the aftershocks from events with larger energy preceding the one under consideration into the sequence of related events.
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Athanasiadou, Angeliki. "Before and after." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 5 (November 29, 2007): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.5.02ath.
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The paper deals with the way events are ordered in a sequence with respect to each other and with respect to the speaker. When ordered with respect to each other, one event serves as the temporal reference point for establishing mental contact with another event, the target. Taking the speaker as the reference point, events are organized on the time line around the speaker and the present moment of speaking (speech time) from which the speaker looks back at past time and forwards at future time. The event-ordering relations are studied by before and after in physical, temporal and abstract space. Moreover, the variety of meanings of before and after is not only motivated by the spatial and nonspatial domains they extend to, but also by the different patterns and modifications of image schemas.
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Levykin, Viktor, and Oksana Chala. "METHOD OF DETERMINING WEIGHTS OF TEMPORAL RULES IN MARKOV LOGIC NETWORK FOR BUILDING KNOWLEDGE BASE IN INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 5 (September 28, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2018.00713.
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The problem of constructing and expanding the temporal knowledge base for the information-control system is considered. This knowledge base is formally represented by the Markov logic network. It is shown that the behavior of the control object of a given class can be reflected in the form of a set of weighted temporal rules. These rules are formed on the basis of identifying links between events that reflect known variants of the behavior of the control object. A method is proposed for calculating the weights of temporal rules in a Markov logic network for a given level of detail of the control object. The level of detail is determined by the context for executing the sequences of control actions and for weighted temporal rules is specified by selecting subsets of the event attributes. The method includes such basic phases: preparation of a subset of temporal rules for a given level of detail; finding the weights of the rules taking into account the a priori probabilities of the event traces. The method creates conditions for supporting management decisions in information management systems at various levels of detail of complex management objects. Decision support is provided by predicting the probability of success in executing a sequence of actions that implement the management function in the current situation. These probabilities are determined using the weights of the temporal rules.
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Kwong, Elaine, Phoebe Tsz-Ching Shek, Man-Tak Leung, Yong-Ping Zheng, and Wilson Yiu Shun Lam. "Temporal measures of oropharyngeal swallowing events identified using ultrasound imaging in healthy young adults." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 28, 2022): e0270704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270704.
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Swallowing is a complex process that involves precise coordination among oral and pharyngeal structures, which is essential to smooth transition of bolus and adequate airway protection. Tongue base retraction and hyolaryngeal excursion are two significant swallowing movements, and their related events can be examined using ultrasound imaging, which is physically and radioactively non-invasive. The present study aimed to 1) establish the temporal sequences and timing of swallowing events identified using ultrasound imaging, and 2) investigate the variability of the above temporal sequences and 3) investigate the effect of bolus type on the variability of temporal sequences in non-dysphagic individuals. Forty-one non-dysphagic young adults of both genders (19 males and 22 females) participated in the study. Ultrasound images were acquired mid-saggitally at their submental region during swallowing of boluses with different volume (i.e. 5mL or 10mL) and consistencies (i.e. IDDSI Levels 0 and 4). Timing and sequence of six events 1) displacement onset (TBOn), 2) maximum displacement (TBMax) and 3) displacement offset of tongue base retraction (TBOff); and, 4) displacement onset (HBOn), 5) maximum displacement (HBMax) and 6) displacement offset of the hyoid bone excursion (HBOff) were extracted from the ultrasound images. Out of the 161 swallows, 85.7% follow a general sequence of HBOn < TBOn < HBMax < TBMax < HBOff < TBOff. Percentage adherence to six anticipated paired-event sequences was studied. Results suggested the presence of individual variability as adherence ranged from 75.8% to 98.1% in four of the anticipated sequences, leaving only two sequences (HBOn < TBMax and TBMax < HBOff) obligatory (i.e. 100% adherence). For non-obligatory sequences, it was found that bolus type may have an effect on the level of adherence. Findings of the present study lay the groundwork for future studies on swallowing using ultrasound imaging and also the clinical application of ultrasonography.
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Mahmood, Sawsen Abdulhadi, Azal Monshed Abid, and Sadeq H. Lafta. "Anomaly event detection and localization of video clips using global and local outliers." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp1063-1073.
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The automatic detection of anomaly events in video sequence has become a critical issue and essential demand for the extensive deployment of computer vision systems such as video surveillance applications. An anomaly event in video can be denoted as outlier behavior within video frames which formulated by a deviation from the stable scene. In this paper, an anomaly event detection and localization method in video sequence is presented including multilevel strategy as temporal frames differences estimation, modelling of normal and abnormal behavior using regression model and finally density–based clustering to detect the outliers (abnormal event) at clips level. Hence, outlier score is obtained at the segment or clip level along video frames sequences. The proposed method seplits video frames into nonoverlapped clips using global outlier detection process. Afterward, at each clip, the local outliers are determined based on density of each clip. Extensive experiments were conducted upon two public video datasets which include dense and scattered outliers along video sequence. The experiments were performed on two common public datasets (Avenue) and University of California, San Diego (UCSD). The experimental results exhibited that the proposed method detects well outlier frames at clip level with lower computational complexity comparing to the state-of-the-art methods.
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Jeppsson, Lennart, and Mikael Calner. "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo–secundo events." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 93, no. 2 (June 2002): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300000377.
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ABSTRACTGraphic correlation using graptolites and conodonts provides a high-resolution timescale for correlating from coastal to deep oceanic sections and, thereby, also a detailed record of the sequence of changes during the Mulde Secundo-Secundo Event. That interval includes sedimentary facies otherwise unknown in older Wenlock to early Ludlow strata on Gotland. The identified sequence of changes includes a detailed record of, in order: two extinctions (Datum points 1 and 1·5); widespread deposition of carbon-rich sediments extensive enough to cause a δ13C increase of c. 4.8‰, the onset, maximum and end of a sea-level fall and rise of at least 16 m during 30 kyr; a third extinction (Datum 2); a disaster fauna; and a slow faunal recovery. Thus, a secondary result of the event was a weakened greenhouse effect triggering a glaciation: the Gannarve Glaciation (new term). The order of changes proves that regression did not cause the extinctions. Faunal and sea-level changes, as well as the sedimentary succession, fit well with predictions based on an oceanic model. Extinctions were primarily caused by a severe drop in primary planktonic productivity, causing starvation among planktonic larvae in non-coastal settings. The Grötlingbo Bentonite (new term), the thickest in the Wenlock of Gotland, was deposited across the basin shortly after Datum 2. Temporal resolution is high enough to permit some comparison with Quaternary glaciations.
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Hologa, Rafael, and Rüdiger Glaser. "The Societal Echo of Severe Weather Events: Ambient Geospatial Information (AGI) on a Storm Event." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10120815.
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The given article focuses on the benefit of harvested Ambient Geographic Information (AGI) as complementary data sources for severe weather events and provides methodical approaches for the spatio-temporal analysis of such data. The perceptions and awareness of Twitter users posting about severe weather patterns were explored as there were aspects not documented by official damage reports or derived from official weather data. We analysed Tweets regarding the severe storm event Friederike to map their spatio-temporal patterns. More than 50% of the retrieved >23.000 tweets were geocoded by applying supervised information retrievals, text mining, and geospatial analysis methods. Complementary, central topics were clustered and linked to official weather data for cross-evaluation. The data confirmed (1) a scale-dependent relationship between the wind speed and the societal echo. In addition, the study proved that (2) reporting activity is moderated by population distribution. An in-depth analysis of the crowds’ central topic clusters in response to the storm Friederike (3) revealed a plausible sequence of dominant communication contents during the severe weather event. In particular, the merge of the studied AGI and other environmental datasets at different spatio-temporal scales shows how such user-generated content can be a useful complementary data source to study severe weather events and the ensuing societal echo.
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Lefebvre, Dimitri. "Detection of Temporal Anomalies for Partially Observed Timed PNs." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2821078.
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This article concerns faults detection and isolation for timed stochastic discrete event systems modeled with partially observed timed Petri nets. Events occur according to arbitrary probability density functions. The models include the sensors used to measure events and markings and also the temporal constraints to be satisfied by the system operations. These temporal constraints are defined according to tolerance intervals specified for each transition. A fault is an operation that ends too early or too late. The set of trajectories consistent with a given timed measured trajectory is first computed. Then, the probability that the temporal specifications are unsatisfied is estimated for any sequence of measurements and the probability that a temporal fault has occurred is obtained as a consequence.
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Thavabalasingam, Sathesan, Edward B. O'Neil, and Andy C. H. Lee. "Multivoxel pattern similarity suggests the integration of temporal duration in hippocampal event sequence representations." NeuroImage 178 (September 2018): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.036.
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Hughes, John R., and John J. Fino. "Epileptic Nystagmus and its Possible Relationship with PGO Spikes." Clinical Electroencephalography 34, no. 1 (January 2003): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005940303400111.
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A simultaneous video-EEG on a waking 6-year-old male revealed rapid horizontal and then vertical eye movements and 10 sec later showed ictal rhythms maximal on the occipital areas, quickly spreading to all other areas. A second ictal event during wakefulness was very similar to the first. During sleep interictal discharges were seen from the right frontal-temporal area and one more ictal event was noted. This latter seizure in the NREM sleep record did not show any eye movements, but showed ictal activity on the right frontal-temporal area, which later became generalized. We propose that the interictal discharges on the right frontal-temporal area likely arose from the amygdala, which activated the pontine nuclei responsible for PGO (ponto-geniculo-occipital) spikes and the rapid eye movements seen in our patient. The PGO spikes activated the occipital areas, which then showed clear ictal rhythms to complete the sequence of events. This case demonstrates a sequence of rapid eye movements without ictal patterns, followed by seizure rhythms, but may still be an example of “epileptic nystagmus,” assuming that the eye movements arose from an ictal activation of the deep subcortical portion of the PGO system.
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Moore, Brandy D., Patricia J. Brooks, and Laura A. Rabin. "Comparison of diachronic thinking and event ordering in 5- to 10-year-old children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 38, no. 3 (February 11, 2014): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025414520806.
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Two main theoretical constructs seek to describe the elaborated sense of time that may be a uniquely human attribute: diachronic thinking (the ability to think about the past and use that information to predict future events) and event ordering (the ability to sequence events in temporal order). Researchers utilize various tasks to measure the emergence and refinement of diachronic thinking and event ordering in children and to document significant development in these skills during middle childhood. The current study investigated the relationship between performance on tasks of diachronic thinking and event ordering in 90 children (5;0–10;10) to determine whether these tasks tap overlapping cognitive processes. Specifically, we examined the extent to which the various measures were inter-correlated and related to measures of language and intelligence. A principal-components analysis yielded two factors. Factor 1 was positively associated with all measures, including age, language, and intelligence. Factor 2 (uncorrelated with age, language, and intelligence) distinguished the synthesis task from spatial and labeling tasks. Overall, results suggest that diachronic thinking and event ordering are not unified constructs. Rather, the multiple measures designed to assess these constructs tap into somewhat different ways of keeping track of time, and are distinguished by the extent to which they rely on knowledge of conventional time patterns and require flexibility in manipulating and synthesizing temporal sequences. Implications for how researchers conceptualize and assess time concepts are discussed and directions for future research are outlined.
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Penel, Amandine, and Mari Riess Jones. "Speeded Detection of a Tone Embedded in a Quasi-isochronous Sequence: Effects of a Task-Irrelevant Temporal Irregularity." Music Perception 22, no. 3 (2005): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2005.22.3.371.
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One reason why music features temporal regularities is that they elicit expectancies about when an event will occur, focusing a listener�s attention around certain points in time. Evidence comes from phoneme monitoring tasks (using reaction times, J. G. Martin, 1979) and pitch and time judgment tasks (using accuracy measures, M. R. Jones, H. Moynihan, N. MacKenzie,& J. Puente, 2002; E. W. Large & M. R. Jones, 1999). Reaction times were faster and accuracy was higher for rhythmically expected elements than for unexpected elements. By contrast, A. Penel and M. R. Jones (2004) recently reported an inversely related finding: faster reaction times for rhythmically unexpected tones, which they labeled a temporal capture effect. The present research examines expectancy versus capture phenomena by using a speeded detection task in which listeners must respond to a lower pitched target located within monotone and isochronous sequences. One interonset interval was shortened or lengthened independently of the target�s position. Temporal irregularities tended to trigger false alarms, suggesting capture effects. Patterns of reaction times showed expectancy effects when the temporally perturbed event preceded the target, but these effects seemed to decrease with time in the sequence. When the target itself was temporally perturbed, some capture was observed, but only when the target came early in the sequence. We conclude that Martin�s (1979) expectancy effects in phoneme monitoring were coarticulatory rather than rhythmical.
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Qiao, Fengcai, Pei Li, Xin Zhang, Zhaoyun Ding, Jiajun Cheng, and Hui Wang. "Predicting Social Unrest Events with Hidden Markov Models Using GDELT." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8180272.
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Proactive handling of social unrest events which are common happenings in both democracies and authoritarian regimes requires that the risk of upcoming social unrest event is continuously assessed. Most existing approaches comparatively pay little attention to considering the event development stages. In this paper, we use autocoded events dataset GDELT (Global Data on Events, Location, and Tone) to build a Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) based framework to predict indicators associated with country instability. The framework utilizes the temporal burst patterns in GDELT event streams to uncover the underlying event development mechanics and formulates the social unrest event prediction as a sequence classification problem based on Bayes decision. Extensive experiments with data from five countries in Southeast Asia demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework, which outperforms the logistic regression method by 7% to 27% and the baseline method 34% to 62% for various countries.
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Tillman, Gail, and James Jerger. "Temporal Compounds Reveal Interaural Biases." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 13, no. 06 (June 2002): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715972.
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A temporal compound is a complex pattern associated with a sequence of brief (30–100 msec) acoustic events whose identity can be distinguished but whose order cannot be reported. In the present study, two frequency glides were concatenated to form a 400-msec temporal compound consisting of 10 40-msec glides. Fourteen young adults were asked to discriminate these temporal compounds in a same-different paradigm employing a dichotic probe technique. Results supported the hypotheses that same judgments of temporal compounds involve global, or right hemisphere, processing and that different judgments of temporal compounds involve analytical, or left hemisphere, processing. Event-related potential (ERP) data revealed an interaction between side attended (right or left) and type of judgment (same or different). Same stimuli presented from the left side elicited greater ERP responses than different stimuli presented from the left side; conversely, different stimuli presented from the right side elicited greater ERP responses than same stimuli presented from the right side. Reaction times showed the "fast-same" effect, consistently observed in this paradigm.
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Gauthier, Baptiste, Karin Pestke, and Virginie van Wassenhove. "Building the Arrow of Time… Over Time: A Sequence of Brain Activity Mapping Imagined Events in Time and Space." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 10 (December 19, 2018): 4398–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy320.
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Abstract When moving, the spatiotemporal unfolding of events is bound to our physical trajectory, and time and space become entangled in episodic memory. When imagining past or future events, or being in different geographical locations, the temporal and spatial dimensions of mental events can be independently accessed and manipulated. Using time-resolved neuroimaging, we characterized brain activity while participants ordered historical events from different mental perspectives in time (e.g., when imagining being 9 years in the future) or in space (e.g., when imagining being in Cayenne). We describe 2 neural signatures of temporal ordinality: an early brain response distinguishing whether participants were mentally in the past, the present or the future (self-projection in time), and a graded activity at event retrieval, indexing the mental distance between the representation of the self in time and the event. Neural signatures of ordinality and symbolic distances in time were distinct from those observed in the homologous spatial task: activity indicating spatial order and distances overlapped in latency in distinct brain regions. We interpret our findings as evidence that the conscious representation of time and space share algorithms (egocentric mapping, distance, and ordinality computations) but different implementations with a distinctive status for the psychological “time arrow.”
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Vanek, Norbert, and Barbara Mertins. "Defying chronology: Crosslinguistic variation in reverse order reports." Linguistics 58, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 569–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0006.
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AbstractMuch of how we sequence events in speech mirrors the order of their natural occurrence. While event chains that conform to chronology may be easier to process, languages offer substantial freedom to manipulate temporal order. This article explores to what extent digressions from chronology are attributable to differences in grammatical aspect systems. We compared reverse order reports (RORs) in event descriptions elicited from native speakers of four languages, two with (Spanish, Modern Standard Arabic [MSA]) and two without grammatical aspect (German, Hungarian). In the Arabic group, all participants were highly competent MSA speakers from Palestine and Jordan. Standardized frequency counts showed significantly more RORs expressed by non-aspect groups than by aspect groups. Adherence to chronology changing as a function of contrast in grammatical aspect signal that languages without obligatory marking of ongoingness may provide more flexibility for event reordering. These findings bring novel insights about the dynamic interplay between language structure and temporal sequencing in the discourse stream.
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Lv, Jiaorong, Yongsheng Xie, and Han Luo. "Erosion Process and Temporal Variations in the Soil Surface Roughness of Spoil Heaps under Multi-Day Rainfall Simulation." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (July 9, 2020): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142192.
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The extensive artificially accelerated erosion of spoil heaps on newly engineered landforms is a key ecological management point requiring better understanding. Soil surface roughness is a crucial factor influencing erosion processes; however, study on spoil heap erosion with a view of surface roughness is lacking. This study investigated the erosion processes and the spatiotemporal variation of surface roughness on spoil heaps, and then, analyzed how the roughness affected the hydrological and sediment yield characteristics. Sequences of four artificial rainstorms with constant rainfall intensity (90 mm/h) were applied to cone-shaped spoil heaps (ground radius 3.5 m, height 2.3 m) of a loess soil containing 30 mass percent rock fragments. The surface elevation was sampled by a laser scanner. For the surface roughness indicators, the root mean square height (rmsh) and the correlation length (cl) increased sharply during the first rainfall event, and in the last three rainfall events, rmsh increased slightly and cl showed a relative decrease. The initial rmsh/cl of the whole slope surface ranged from 0.063 to 0.135, and increased with the rainfall sequence, thus, indicating that the spoil heap surface became rougher. Increasing soil roughness in the rainfall sequence delayed the initial runoff time and increased the runoff yield. The average runoff coefficient of the spoil heaps was 0.658. The average erosion rate of each rainfall event can be simulated by a regression equation of the corresponding average runoff rate and median cl (R-square of 0.816). Soil slumping with an average volume of 0.014 m3 occurred in the first two rainfall events, thus, significantly changing the roughness and peak instant erosion rate. Together, the results revealed the effects of surface roughness on the erosion of spoil heaps and would provide a useful reference for soil loss prediction and control.
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KOCOŃ, JAN, and MICHAŁ MARCIŃCZUK. "Supervised approach to recognise Polish temporal expressions and rule-based interpretation of timexes." Natural Language Engineering 23, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 385–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324916000255.
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AbstractA key challenge of the Information Extraction in Natural Language Processing is the ability to recognise and classify temporal expressions (timexes). It is a crucial source of information about when something happens, how often something occurs or how long something lasts. Timexes extracted automatically from text, play a major role in many Information Extraction systems, such as question answering or event recognition. We prepared a broad specification of Polish timexes – PLIMEX. It is based on the state-of-the-art annotation guidelines for English, mainly TIMEX2 and TIMEX3 (a part of TimeML – Markup Language for Temporal and Event Expressions). We have expanded our specification for a description of the local meaning of timexes, based on LTIMEX annotation guidelines for English. Temporal description supports further event identification and extends event description model, focussing on anchoring events in time, events ordering and reasoning about the persistence of events. We prepared the specification, which is designed to address these issues, and we annotated all documents in Polish Corpus of Wroclaw University of Technology (KPWr) using our annotation guidelines. We also adapted our Liner2 machine learning system to recognise Polish timexes and we propose two-phase method to select a subset of features for Conditional Random Fields sequence labelling method. This article presents the whole process of corpus annotation, evaluation of inter-annotator agreement, extending Liner2 system with new features and evaluation of the recognition models before and after feature selection with the analysis of statistical significance of differences. Liner2 with presented models is available as open source software under the GNU General Public License.
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Pavlov, Y., and B. Kotchoubey. "Event-related potentials in a human serial conditioning paradigm." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.504.
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IntroductionIn a serial compound conditioning paradigm, a sequence of several conditioned stimuli (CS) is predictive to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (e.g., CSA->CSB->US). Animal research showed that, when the US is aversive, CSA elicits the strongest conditioned response, while CSB appears redundant. These effects of primacy and proximity have never been investigated in humans.ObjectivesTo study the effects of temporal proximity of imminent threat and safety in serial compound conditioning.MethodsTwenty-two participants were presented with sequences [CSA->CSB->CSC->CSD]. In 55 trials all four CS were identical vowels (e.g, [oh]), and no US was presented. In the other 55 trials, the CSA was different (CSA+, e.g., [uh]), and the CSD was followed by an electrical shock (US) 2.5 times higher than the individual pain threshold.ResultsNo ERP component distinguished between CS- and CS+ for the first three stimuli in the sequence (i.e., CSA, CSB, CSC). The last CS (CSD) elicited a strong fronto-central CNV only when it was followed by US. Moreover, already after the CSA- (which signalized that no shock would be presented on that trial) the power of alpha oscillations over the somatosensory cortex significantly increased, particularly on the side contralateral to the hand that was electrically stimulated on US trials. The alpha increment lasted up to the onset of the US.ConclusionsThe data indicate two possible mechanisms of adjustment to predictable threat, one of which relies on safety signals (manifested in alpha increment), and the other is related to flight response (manifested in the CNV immediately preceding the shock).
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Hsu, Wei-Wen, Jing-Ming Guo, Chien-Yu Chen, and Yao-Chung Chang. "Fall Detection with the Spatial-Temporal Correlation Encoded by a Sequence-to-Sequence Denoised GAN." Sensors 22, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114194.
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Falling is a major cause of personal injury and accidental death worldwide, in particular for the elderly. For aged care, a falling alarm system is highly demanded so that medical aid can be obtained immediately when the fall accidents happen. Previous studies on fall detection lacked practical considerations to deal with real-world situations, including the camera’s mounting angle, lighting differences between day and night, and the privacy protection for users. In our experiments, IR-depth images and thermal images were used as the input source for fall detection; as a result, detailed facial information is not captured by the system for privacy reasons, and it is invariant to the lighting conditions. Due to the different occurrence rates between fall accidents and other normal activities, supervised learning approaches may suffer from the problem of data imbalance in the training phase. Accordingly, in this study, anomaly detection is performed using unsupervised learning approaches so that the models were trained only with the normal cases while the fall accident was defined as an anomaly event. The proposed system takes sequential frames as the inputs to predict future frames based on a GAN structure, and it provides (1) multi-subject detection, (2) real-time fall detection triggered by motion, (3) a solution to the situation that subjects were occluded after falling, and (4) a denoising scheme for depth images. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves the state-of-the-art performance and copes with the real-world cases successfully.
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Batac, R. C., and H. Kantz. "Observing spatio-temporal clustering and separation using interevent distributions of regional earthquakes." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 21, no. 4 (July 4, 2014): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-735-2014.
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Abstract. Past studies that attempted to quantify the spatio-temporal organization of seismicity have defined the conditions by which an event and those that follow it can be related in space and/or time. In this work, we use the simplest measures of spatio-temporal separation: the interevent distances R and interevent times T between pairs of successive events. We observe that after a characteristic value R*, the distributions of R begin to follow that of a randomly shuffled sequence, suggesting that events separated by R > R* are more likely to be uncorrelated events generated independent of one another. Interestingly, the conditional T distributions for short-distance (long-distance) events, R &leq; R* (R > R*), peak at correspondingly short (long) T values, signifying the spatio-temporal clustering (separation) of correlated (independent) events. By considering different threshold magnitudes within a range that ensures substantial catalogue completeness, invariant quantities related to the spatial and temporal spacing of correlated events and the rate of generation of independent events emerge naturally.
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Faisan, S., L. Thoraval, J. P. Armspach, and F. Heitz. "Hidden Markov multiple event sequence models: A paradigm for the spatio-temporal analysis of fMRI data." Medical Image Analysis 11, no. 1 (February 2007): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2006.09.003.
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Chen, Haosheng, David Suter, Qiangqiang Wu, and Hanzi Wang. "End-to-End Learning of Object Motion Estimation from Retinal Events for Event-Based Object Tracking." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 10534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6625.
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Event cameras, which are asynchronous bio-inspired vision sensors, have shown great potential in computer vision and artificial intelligence. However, the application of event cameras to object-level motion estimation or tracking is still in its infancy. The main idea behind this work is to propose a novel deep neural network to learn and regress a parametric object-level motion/transform model for event-based object tracking. To achieve this goal, we propose a synchronous Time-Surface with Linear Time Decay (TSLTD) representation, which effectively encodes the spatio-temporal information of asynchronous retinal events into TSLTD frames with clear motion patterns. We feed the sequence of TSLTD frames to a novel Retinal Motion Regression Network (RMRNet) to perform an end-to-end 5-DoF object motion regression. Our method is compared with state-of-the-art object tracking methods, that are based on conventional cameras or event cameras. The experimental results show the superiority of our method in handling various challenging environments such as fast motion and low illumination conditions.
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Balconi, Michela, and Ylenia Canavesio. "Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) and P300 Are Sensitive to Temporal-Order Violation in Transitive Action Representation." Journal of Psychophysiology 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000128.
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Coherent representation of action sequences implies that the logical temporal order of each action can be correctly represented. Violation of this logical order may induce a sort of expectancies disruption of the temporal structure. Thus the present study explored the event-related potential (ERP) effect related to the cortical response to this violation. Action sequence composed by four frames with final congruous or incongruous endings was submitted to 28 subjects. Two distinct ERP effects, feedback-related negativity (FRN), and P300, were found in response to incongruous endings, with also significant increased RTs. The functional significance of these two ERP deflections was related respectively to the perception of an erroneous action outcome as the ending of an illogical sequence (FRN) and to the necessity to updating the relationship action-context by changing the cognitive model which supports the cognitive expectancies (P300). The significant correlation between the RTs and the ERP measures, especially in case of FRN effect, supported this interpretation. Indeed increased cognitive costs are supposed in case of expectancies violations which require further processes of reanalysis of the coherence between the action and the background (the temporal background) where the action was produced. Two different cortical localizations were found for FRN and P300, respectively a more fronto-central (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and posterior (superior temporal gyrus) site. The significance of these results for the temporal order effect for action comprehension was discussed.