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Journal articles on the topic 'Template based Nanoscaled Films'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Mitra, S., A. Mandal, S. Banerjee, A. Datta, S. Bhattacharya, A. Bose, and D. Chakravorty. "Template based growth of nanoscaled films: a brief review." Indian Journal of Physics 85, no. 5 (May 2011): 649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-011-0067-x.

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2

Kashi, M. Almasi, and A. H. Montazer. "Template-based electrodeposited nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire arrays as building blocks of future nanoscale applications." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 23 (February 15, 2022): 233002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4d48.

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Abstract Realizing promising materials for use in next-generation devices at the nanoscale is of enormous importance from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire (NW) arrays fabricated by template-based electrodeposition techniques have long been considered as good candidates for this purpose. In this review, we focus on the fabrication techniques and characterizations of electrochemically deposited NWs with single, binary, ternary and multilayered component structures mostly carried out in our group. Particular attention is paid to the crystalline and magnetic characteristics (coercivity, squareness, magnetic phase, interactions and magnetization reversal modes) of NW arrays embedded in mild and hard anodized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with different pore diameters. The pulsed alternating current electrodeposition technique is proposed as a versatile approach in high-efficiency filling of the AAO templates, while also allowing for tuning magnetic properties of the resultant NWs. The first-order reversal curve analysis is also highlighted as an advanced characterization tool for nanomagnet arrays. Finally, potential cutting-edge nanoscale applications (magnetic information storage, energy storage and conversion, electronics, biosensing, microwave absorption and giant magnetoresistance) of magnetic NWs are presented.
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O'Neil, Adam, and James J. Watkins. "Fabrication of Device Nanostructures Using Supercritical Fluids." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 12 (December 2005): 967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.250.

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AbstractSupercritical fluids including carbon dioxide offer a combination of properties that are uniquely suited for device fabrication at the nanoscale. Liquid-like densities, favorable transport properties, and the absence of surface tension enable solution-based processing in an environment that behaves much like a gas. These characteristics provide a means for extending “top-down” processing methods including metal deposition, cleaning, etching, and surface modification chemistries to the smallest device features. The interaction of carbon dioxide with polymeric materials also enables complete structural specification of nanostructured metal oxide films using a “bottom-up” approach in which deposition reactions are conducted within sacrificial, pre-organized templates dilated by the fluid. The result is high-fidelity replication of the template structure in a new material. In particular, block copolymer templates yield well-ordered porous silica and titania films containing spherical or vertically aligned pores that can serve as device substrates for applications in microelectronics, detection arrays, and energy conversion. Finally, the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanowires in supercritical fluids is developing rapidly and offers promise for the efficient production of well-defined materials. In this review, we summarize these developments and discuss their potential for nextgeneration device fabrication.
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Kuncicky, Daniel M., Steven D. Christesen, and Orlin D. Velev. "Role of the Micro- and Nanostructure in the Performance of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates Assembled from Gold Nanoparticles." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 4 (April 2005): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702053641559.

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Highly active and stable substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can be fabricated by using colloidal crystals to template gold nanoparticles into structured porous films. The structure-dependent performance of these SERS substrates was systematically characterized with cyanide in continuous flow microfluidic chambers. A matrix of experiments was designed to isolate the SERS contributions arising from nano- and microscale porosity, long-range ordering of the micropores, and the thickness of the nanoparticle layer. The SERS results were compared to the substrate structure observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy to correlate substrate structure to SERS performance. The Raman peak intensity was consistently highest for nanoporous substrates with three-dimensionally ordered micropores, and decreases if the micropores are not ordered or not templated. Removing the nanoscale porosity by fusion of the nanoparticles (without removing the large micropores) leads to a drastic plunge in substrate performance. The peak intensity does not strongly correlate to the thickness of the nanoparticle films. The results make possible the efficient controlled fabrication of stable, reproducible, and highly active substrates for SERS based chemical sensors with continuous sampling.
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Miecznikowski, Krzysztof, and James A. Cox. "Electroanalysis based on stand-alone matrices and electrode-modifying films with silica sol-gel frameworks: a review." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 24, no. 11-12 (August 1, 2020): 2617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04697-w.

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Abstract Silica sol-gel matrices and its organically modified analogues that contain aqueous electrolytes, ionic liquids, or other ionic conductors constitute stand-alone solid-state electrochemical cells when hosting electrodes or serve as modifying films on working electrodes in conventional cells. These materials facilitate a wide variety of analytical applications and are employed in various designs of power sources. In this review, analytical applications are the focus. Solid-state cells that serve as gas sensors, including in chromatographic detectors of gas-phase analytes, are described. Sol-gel films that modify working electrodes to perform functions such as hosting electrochemical catalysts and acting as size-exclusion moieties that protect the electrode from passivation by adsorption of macromolecules are discussed with emphasis on pore size, structure, and orientation. Silica sol-gel chemistry has been studied extensively; thus, factors that control its general properties as frameworks for solid-state cells and for thin films on the working electrode are well characterized. Here, recent advances such as the use of dendrimers and of nanoscale beads in conjunction with electrochemically assisted deposition of silica to template pore size and distribution are emphasized. Related topics include replacing aqueous solutions as the internal electrolyte with room-temperature ionic liquids, using the sol-gel as an anchor for functional groups and modifying electrodes with silica-based composites.
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Halter, Wolfgang, Rahel Eisele, Dirk Rothenstein, Joachim Bill, and Frank Allgöwer. "Moment Dynamics of Zirconia Particle Formation for Optimizing Particle Size Distribution." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (March 2, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030333.

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We study the particle formation process of Zirconia ( ZrO 2 )-based material. With a model-based description of the particle formation process we aim for identifying the main growth mechanisms for different process parameters. After the introduction of a population balance based mathematical model, we derive the moment dynamics of the particle size distribution and compare the model to experimental data. From the fitted model we conclude that growth by molecular addition of Zr-tetramers or Zr-oligomers to growing particles as well as size-independent particle agglomeration takes place. For the purpose of depositing zirconia-based material (ZrbM) on a substrate, we determine the optimal process parameters such that the mineralization solution contains preferably a large number of nanoscaled particles leading to a fast and effective deposition on the substrate. Besides the deposition of homogeneous films, this also enables mineralization of nanostructured templates in a bioinspired mineralization process. The developed model is also transferable to other mineralization systems where particle growth occurs through addition of small molecular species or particle agglomeration. This offers the possibility for a fast determination of process parameters leading to an efficient film formation without carrying out extensive experimental investigations.
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Snyder, Joshua, Nenad Markovic, and Vojislav Stamenkovic. "Single crystalline thin films as a novel class of electrocatalysts." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 11 (2013): 1689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc130916119s.

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The ubiquitous use of single crystal metal electrodes has garnered invaluable insight into the relationship between surface atomic structure and functional electrochemical properties. However, the sensitivity of their electrochemical response to surface orientation and the amount of precious metal required can limit their use. We present here a generally applicable procedure for producing thin metal films with a large proportion of atomically flat (111) terraces without the use of an epitaxial template. Thermal annealing in a controlled atmosphere induces long-range ordering of magnetron sputtered thin metal films deposited on an amorphous substrate. The ordering transition in these thin metal films yields characteristic (111) electrochemical signatures with minimal amount of material and provides an adequate replacement for oriented bulk single crystals. This procedure can be generalized towards a novel class of practical multimetallic thin film based electrocatalysts with tunable near-surface compositional profile and morphology. Annealing of atomically corrugated sputtered thin film Pt-alloy catalysts yields an atomically smooth structure with highly crystalline, (111)-like ordered and Pt segregated surface that displays superior functional properties, bridging the gap between extended/bulk surfaces and nanoscale systems.
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8

Seyyedi, Behnam. "Bio-inspired iron metal–carbon black based nano-electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2016-0081.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce bio-inspired FeN4-S-C black nano-electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium. The FeN4-S-C derived without pyrolysis of precursors in high temperature is recognized as a new electrocatalyst for the ORR in an alkaline electrolyte. For the proper design of bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR performance, chlorinated iron (II) phthalocyanine nanoparticles were used as templates for achieving the active sites in aqueous KOH by rotating disk electrode methods. The most active FeN4-S-C catalyst exhibited a remarkable ORR activity in the alkaline medium. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the possibility of nanoscale particles size (Ëœ5nm) of electrocatalyst, to achieve four-electron transfer mechanism and to exhibit much superior catalytic stability in measurements. This paper will shed light on bio-inspired FeN4-S-C materials for the ORR catalysis in alkaline fuel cells. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a new bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR, which has activity nearby platinum/carbon electrocatalyst. Chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanoparticles have been used as FeN4 template, which is the key point for the ORR. Bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst has been fabricated using chlorinated iron phthalocyanine, sodium sulphide and carbon black. Findings The particles’ size was 5 nm and electron transfer number was 4. Research limitations/implications The catalyst that is used in this method should be weighed carefully. In addition, the solvent should be a saturated solution of NaCl in water. Practical implications The method provides a simple and practical solution to improving the synthesis of iron-based catalyst for ORR. Originality/value The method for the synthesis of bio-inspired electrocatalyst was novel and can find numerous applications in industries, especially as ORR non-precious metal catalyst.
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9

Park, Se Yeon, Moonjeong Jang, Wooseok Song, Sun Sook Lee, Dae Ho Yoon, and Ki-Seok An. "Boosted dielectric performance of organic–inorganic nanocomposites based on BaTiO3 via 2D TiO2 templates." Functional Composites and Structures 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 045009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac4279.

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Abstract Organic–inorganic hybrid dielectrics composed of nanoscale ceramic fillers in polymer matrices have attracted considerable attention because they can overcome the inherent limitations such as the low dielectric constant, high dielectric loss, and low film density associated with mechanically flexible pristine polymer materials. Barium titanate (BaTiO3), a representative perovskite-based material with a high permittivity, is suitable for applications as nanofillers in nanocomposite dielectrics. X-ray diffraction combined with Raman analysis suggest that a two-step hydrothermal synthesis, which uses synthesized TiO2 nanosheets as a template, is an effective method for the synthesis of pure BaTiO3 nanoparticles compared with other methods. Ultrasonic treatment is employed to disperse BaTiO3 nanoparticles with different concentrations in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer, and the dielectric performance of the nanocomposite films has been examined. In this study, 20 wt% BaTiO3–PVA nanocomposite dielectric showed superior capacitance and dielectric constant performance, i.e. five times higher than that of the pristine PVA.
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Jeon, Sangheon, Jihye Lee, Rowoon Park, Jeonghwa Jeong, Min Chan Shin, Seong Un Eom, Jinyoung Park, and Suck Won Hong. "Graphene Templated DNA Arrays and Biotin-Streptavidin Sensitive Bio-Transistors Patterned by Dynamic Self-Assembly of Polymeric Films Confined within a Roll-on-Plate Geometry." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081468.

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Patterning of surfaces with a simple strategy provides insights into the functional interfaces by suitable modification of the surface by novel techniques. Especially, highly ordered structural topographies and chemical features from the wide range of interfaces have been considered as important characteristics to understand the complex relationship between the surface chemistries and biological systems. Here, we report a simple fabrication method to create patterned surfaces over large areas using evaporative self-assembly that is designed to produce a sacrificial template and lithographic etch masks of polymeric stripe patterns, ranging from micrometer to nanoscale. By facilitating a roll-on-plate geometry, the periodically patterned surface structures formed by repetitive slip-stick motions were thoroughly examined to be used for the deposition of the Au nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide (i.e., AuNPs, ~21 nm) and the formation of conductive graphene channels. The fluorescently labeled thiol-modified DNA was applied on the patterned arrays of graphene oxide (GO)/AuNPs, and biotin-streptavidin sensitive devices built with graphene-based transistors (GFETs, effective mobility of ~320 cm2 V−1 s−1) were demonstrated as examples of the platform for the next-generation biosensors with the high sensing response up to ~1 nM of target analyte (i.e., streptavidin). Our strategy suggests that the stripe patterned arrays of polymer films as sacrificial templates can be a simple route to creating highly sensitive biointerfaces and highlighting the development of new chemically patterned surfaces composed of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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11

Wang, Haiyu, and Zhiliang jin. "Rational design W-doped Co-ZIF-9 based Co3S4 composite photocatalyst for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 1 (2019): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00445e.

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Herein, a novel W doped Co3S4 composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by MOF (metal organic framework), Co-ZIF-9, as a nanoscaled template via a hydrothermal treatment.
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12

Cheng, Ching Hsuang, Wan Yu Wu, and Jyh Ming Ting. "Nanoscaled Multilayer Thin Films Based on GZO." Journal of Nano Research 2 (August 2008): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.2.61.

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Nanoscaled gallium-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films, bi-layer Pt/GZO thin films, and tri-layer GZO/Pt/GZO thin films were prepared and their characteristics were investigated. These films were deposited on glass substrates using either rf or dc magnetron sputter deposition. The deposition time and the target-to-substrate distance were varied to obtain different total film thicknesses and layer thicknesses. Effects of total film and layer thicknesses on the optical properties and the electrical properties were studied. Theoretical calculations were performed to discuss effect of the thickness on the optical transmittance of the GZO film. As-deposited GZO films show high electrical resistivity, which was greatly reduced by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude due to the introduction of a surface layer of Pt film. However, the optical transmittance was also reduced. This was improved by using an addition anti-refractive GZO surface layer on the Pt/GZO. A GZO/Pt/GZO film exhibiting visible light transmittance greater than 75% and electrical resistivity in the order of 10-4 ohm-cm was obtained.
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13

Jia, Shao Jin, Zhen Liu, Ping Kai Jiang, and Jian Zhou. "Nanoscaled Polyaniline Doped with Different Dicarboxylic Acids Based On Template-Free Method." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.219.

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With an average diameter of 148-285 nm and a conductivity of 2.38E-2- 5.88 E-2S/cm, Nanoscaled polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized based on template-free method in the presence of dicarboxylic acids dopants (e.g., D-tartaric acid, Succinic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid). Furthermore, the trans-cis isomerization of butenedioic acid plays an important role in the formation of nanostructures from plane-like to nanofibers, and PANI-MA has larger diameter, higher crystallinity and conductivity than PANI-FA.
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Lee, Demei, Ya-Ling Tang, and Shih-Jung Liu. "Fast Fabrication of Nanostructured Films Using Nanocolloid Lithography and UV Soft Mold Roller Embossing: Effects of Processing Parameters." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030405.

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We report the fabrication of nanofeatured polymeric films using nanosphere lithography and ultraviolet (UV) soft-mold roller embossing and show an illuminative example of their application to solar cells. To prepare the nanofeatured template, polystyrene nanocolloids of two distinct sizes (900 and 300 nm) were overlaid on silicon substrates using a spin coater. A lab-made soft-mold roller embossing device equipped with a UV light source was adopted. A casting method was employed to replicate the nanofeatured template onto polydimethylsiloxane, which was used as the soft mold. During the embossing procedure, the roller was driven by a step motor and compressed the UV-curable resin against the glass substrate to form the nanofeatured layer, which was subsequently cured by UV radiation. Polymer films with nanoscaled features were thus obtained. The influence of distinct processing variables on the reproducibility of the nanofeatured films was explored. The empirical outcomes demonstrate that UV soft-mold roller embossing offers a simple yet potent way of producing nanofeatured films.
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Sun, Chuanyu, and Yu Wang. "Preparation of polyaniline nanostructures doped with different dicarboxylic acids through template-free method." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-014-0221-1.

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AbstractIn this article nanoscaled polyanilines (PANI) were prepared based on template-free method in the presence of dicarboxylic acid dopants (e.g. D-tartaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid). The trans-cis isomerization of butenedioic acid played an important role in the formation of nanostructures from the plane-like to nanofibers, and the PANI doped with maleic acid (MA) had larger diameter, higher crystallinity and conductivity than PANI doped with fumaric acid (FA).
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Flood, Amar H., Robert J. A. Ramirez, Wei-Qiao Deng, Richard P. Muller, William A. Goddard III, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Meccano on the Nanoscale—A Blueprint for Making Some of the World's Tiniest Machines." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 4 (2004): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch03307.

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Molecular compounds—comprised of mechanically interlocked components—such as rotaxanes and catenanes can be designed to display readily controllable internal movements of one component with respect to the other. Since the weak noncovalent bonding interactions that contribute to the template-directed synthesis of such compounds live on between the components thereafter, they can be activated such that the components move in either a linear fashion (rotaxanes) or a rotary manner (catenanes). These molecules can be activated by switching the recognition elements off and on between components chemically, electrically, or optically, such that they perform motions reminiscent of the moving parts in macroscopic machines. This review will highlight how the emergence of the mechanical bond in chemistry during the last two decades has brought with it a real prospect of integrating a bottom-up approach, based on molecular design and micro- and nanofabrication, to construct molecular electronic devices that store information at very high densities using minimal power. Although most of the research reported in this review on switchable catenanes and rotaxanes has been carried out in the context of solution-phase mechanical processes, recent results demonstrate that relative mechanical movements between the components in interlocked molecules can be stimulated (a) chemically in Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett films, (b) electrochemically as self-assembled monolayers on gold, and (c) electronically within the settings of solid-state devices. Not only has reversible, electronically driven switching been observed in devices incorporating a bistable [2]catenane, but a crosspoint random access memory circuit has been fabricated using an amphiphilic, bistable [2]rotaxane. The experiments provide strong evidence that switchable catenanes and rotaxanes operate mechanically in a soft-matter environment and can withstand simple device-processing steps. Studies on single-walled carbon nanotubes used as one of the electrodes in molecular switch tunnel junctions have revealed that interfacial chemical interactions involving electrodes containing carbon, silicon, and oxygen are good choices when carrying out molecular electronics on the class of rotaxane- and catenane-based molecules reported in this review. This conclusion is supported by differential conductance measurements (at 4 K) made with single-molecule transistors using the break-junction method. It transpires that the electronic transport properties in such devices are more sensitive to the chemical nature of the molecule–electrode contacts than the details of the molecules' electronic structure away from the contacts. This result has profound implications for molecular electronics and highlights the importance of also considering the molecules and the electrodes as an integrated system. It all adds up to an integrated systems-oriented approach to nanotechnology that finds its inspiration in the transfer of concepts like molecular recognition from the life sciences into materials science and provides a model for how, in principle, to transfer elements of traditional chemistry to technology platforms that are being developed on the nanoscale. Before there can be any serious prospect of a technology, there has to be some good, sound science in the making. Molecular electronics is very much in its infancy and, as such, it can be expected to give rise to a great deal of intellectually stimulating science before it stands half a chance of becoming a viable companion to silicon-based technology.
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Vila-Fungueiriño, José Manuel, Andrés Gómez, Jordi Antoja-Lleonart, Jaume Gázquez, César Magén, Beatriz Noheda, and Adrián Carretero-Genevrier. "Direct and converse piezoelectric responses at the nanoscale from epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films grown by polymer assisted deposition." Nanoscale 10, no. 43 (2018): 20155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr05737k.

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Xiang, Junhuai, Chu Wang, Huilin Li, Dandan Men, Xiaofang Qiu, and Honghua Zhang. "Highly efficient production of ordered wafer-scale gold nanoparticle arrays film by simple heat treatment based on colloidal monolayer." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 15 (June 18, 2018): 1850192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218501928.

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Periodic hexagonal gold crystal spherical nanoparticle arrays with controllable size and periodicity are fabricated by physical vapor deposition and further heat treatment based on monolayer colloidal crystal template. The size and center-to-center spacing of nanoparticles (NPs) were manipulated conveniently by tuning the deposition thickness of Au film and the size of colloidal spheres of the template, respectively. The thickness range of deposited Au film dependent on the size of colloidal spheres was investigated comprehensively. Dewetting model was established and employed to analyze the whole process of the evolution from gold film to spherical nanoparticle with uniform size. Additionally, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) responses of these Au nanoparticle arrays were systematically measured. It is found that the extinction properties are significantly influenced by the particle size and periodicity of arrays. With the increase of particle size, the LSPR peak shows a red shift due to the quantum size effect of the nanoscaled Au particle. Meanwhile, the diffraction peaks also show small red shift due to a slight increase of average refractive index of arrays. This is highly helpful to improve its practical applications for detecting biochemical molecules based on LSPR and diffraction peak sensing.
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Korotcenkov, Ghenadii, V. Brinzari, L. Trakhtenberg, and B. K. Cho. "In2O3-Based Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis as Promising Thermoelectric Material." Advanced Materials Research 1043 (October 2014): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1043.40.

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Structural, electrophysical and thermoelectric properties of nanoscaled In2O3films doped by Sn and Zn were studied. Thin films based on In2O3-SnO2and In2O3-SnO2-ZnO systems were prepared by spray pyrolysis method from water solutions of metal chlorides. It was confirmed that In2O3-based films, especially the In2O3:Sn ones, are promising material for applications related to thermoelectricity. The power factor of obtained films was found to be on the level of the best samples prepared on the base of ITO system.
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Jebril, Seid, Yogendra K. Mishra, Mady Elbahri, Lorenz Kienle, Henry Greve, Eckhard Quandt, and Rainer Adelung. "Using Thin Film Stress for Nanoscaled Sensors." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2028.

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Thin film stress is often seen as an unwanted effect in micro- and nanostructures. Since recent years, we could employ thin film stress as a useful tool to create nanowires. By creating stress at predetermined breaking points, e.g., in microstructured photo resist thin films, cracks occur on the nanoscale in a well defined and reproducible manner [ ]. By using those as a simple mask for thin film deposition, nanowires can be created. More recently this fabrication scheme could be improved by utilizing delamination of the thin film, in order to obtain suitable shadow masks for thin film deposition in vacuum [ ]. Now, these stress based nanowires can be integrated in microelectronic devices and used as field effect transistors or as hydrogen sensors [ ]. For the functional part of the sensor, it was proposed that thin film stress created by hydrogen adsorption in the nanowire is the driving force. In terms of function, thin films can be also applied on free standing nanoscale whiskers or wires to modify their mechanical features or adding additional functionality. As a second example for the utilization of thin film stress, recent experiments on a piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material combination will be presented. These piezoelectric-magnetostrictive nano-composites are potential candidates for novel magnetic field sensors [ ]. In these composites the magnetostriction will be transferred to the piezoelectric component, resulting in a polarization of the piezoelectric material, that can be used as the sensor signal. The results of two different composite layouts will be presented and discussed with a special focus on the comparison between classical macroscopic composites and the novel nanocomposites.
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Ding, Qing Jun, and Hua Feng Li. "Properties of Porous Polyimide Films Based on Melamine Template." Key Engineering Materials 821 (September 2019): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.160.

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In this paper, melamine was used as porogen to prepare porous polyimide film by in-situ polymerization. The mechanical properties, thermal properties, dielectric properties, oil content and friction and wear properties of polyimide films with different porosity were investigated. The tensile strength of porous films decreases obviously with increase of melamine content. It shows the lower thermal decomposition temperature and the faster decomposition speed compared with the non-porous film, indicating higher heat exchange rate due to holes in porous films. As the porogen content increases, the dielectric constant decreases significantly, and the film with melamine content of 20 wt.% has the lowest dielectric constant of 2.43. The holes lead to good oil storage performance and the wear rate and the friction coefficient decrease with the increase of porosity. Keywords: polyimide; porous; melamine; dielectric; friction
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Haehnel, V., X. Ma, C. Konczak, D. Pohl, M. Uhlemann, and H. Schlorb. "Fe-Based Magnetic Alloy Electrodeposition for Thin Films and Template Based Nanostructures." ECS Transactions 75, no. 2 (September 23, 2016): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07502.0003ecst.

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23

Xia, Wei, Qiusong Chen, Jian Zhang, Hui Wang, Qian Cheng, Yulong Jiang, and Guodong Zhu. "Removable polytetrafluoroethylene template based epitaxy of ferroelectric copolymer thin films." Applied Surface Science 437 (April 2018): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.126.

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Song, Renyuan, Xiaofeng Yu, Muxin Liu, Xiaoling Hu, and Shengqing Zhu. "Anion Exchange Affinity-Based Controllable Surface Imprinting Synthesis of Ultrathin Imprinted Films for Protein Recognition." Polymers 14, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14102011.

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Anion exchange affinity-based controllable surface imprinting is an effective approach to overcome low imprinting efficiency and high non-specific binding capacity. The template proteins were first immobilized on the anchored tetraalkylammonium groups of the nanoparticles via anion exchange affinity-based interactions, enabling monolayer sorption using a low template concentration. The combined use of surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization to precisely control the imprinted film thickness, allowing the formation of homogeneous binding cavities, and the construction of effective binding sites resulted in a low non-specific binding capacity and high imprinting efficiency. The obtained imprinted films benefited from the anion exchange mechanism, exhibiting a higher imprinting factor and faster binding rate than the reference material. Binding tests revealed that the binding strength and selective recognition properties could be tuned to a certain extent by adjusting the NaCl concentration. Additionally, in contrast to the harsh template elution conditions of the covalent immobilization approach, over 80% of the template molecules were readily removed from the imprinted films using supersonic elution with an aqueous mixture of NaCl and HAc. Introducing template immobilization by anion exchange interactions to the synthesis of imprinted materials may provide a new approach for effective biomacromolecular imprinting.
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Arbenin, Andrey Yu, Elena G. Zemtsova, Evgeniy V. Orekhov, Daria N. Sokolova, Polina I. Baburova, Alexey A. Petrov, Vladimir E. Gaǐshun, and Vladimir M. Smirnov. "Features of Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Based Coatings for Non-Lithographic Template Electrochemical Synthesis of Micron Metal Particle Arrays." Gels 7, no. 4 (November 7, 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7040202.

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This work is devoted to the development of non-lithographic template methods of synthesis. These methods have a significant advantage in terms of structure formation: there is no need to design and produce masks, which greatly simplifies the process, and more of them can work with nonplanar substrates. The purpose of this study was to reveal the conditions for the synthesis of titanium dioxide xerogel films of different topologies as well as to develop a technique for non-lithographic template electrochemical synthesis of micron metal particles arrays and to study the structure of the resulting coatings. The films were deposited on the surface of substrates via dip coating. Specific topology of the films was achieved by template sol-gel synthesis. Their structures were analyzed by SEM and XRD. Template synthesis of metal micro particles were realized by pulsed electrochemical deposition of metals into the perforations of xerogel films. Obtained materials were analyzed by SEM and XRD; the element distribution on the surface was determined by the EDS detector of SEM. Based on the analysis results, we suggest the mechanisms of formation of the xerogel topology and proved the efficiency of pulsed electrodeposition for template synthesis of micron particles arrays.
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26

Tudorachi, N., and A. P. Chiriac. "Magnetic composite based on vinylic template." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 108, no. 6 (2008): 3690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.28046.

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27

Teng, Honglei, Jing Li, Zhaosheng Hou, Xilu Yan, Linru Han, Jing Xu, and Tianduo Li. "Preparation of Compositional Gradient Polymeric Films Based on Gradient Mesh Template." Polymers 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2018): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10060677.

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28

Sacarescu, Liviu, Mihaela Simionescu, and Gabriela Sacarescu. "Pseudo-template synthesis of gold nanoparticles based on polyhydrosilanes." Applied Surface Science 257, no. 8 (February 2011): 3236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.10.144.

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29

Bandarenka, Hanna, Alexei Dolgiy, Eugene Chubenko, Sergei Redko, Kseniya Girel, Serghej L. Prischepa, Andrei Panarin, Sergei Terekhov, Vladimir Pilipenko, and Vitaly Bondarenko. "Nanostructured Metal Films Formed onto Porous Silicon Template." Journal of Nano Research 39 (February 2016): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.39.235.

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The review reports on the results of our research work on nanostructured metal films onto porous silicon. Principal steps of the techniques allowing fabrication of metal films completely inheriting morphological pattern of different types of porous silicon are presented. It is shown, that giving of the nanostructured pattern to metal films by means of porous silicon template opens their new structural, optical, mechanical and electrical properties, which can be successfully applied in nanoelectronics and biomedicine, particularly including devices based on superconductivity effect, SERS analysis with picomolar sensitivity and transdermal drug delivery by electroporation.
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Li, Yancai, Ji Zhou, Kai Zhang, and Changqing Sun. "Gold nanoparticle multilayer films based on surfactant films as a template: Preparation, characterization, and application." Journal of Chemical Physics 126, no. 9 (March 7, 2007): 094706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2710265.

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31

Renard, Laetitia, Odile Babot, Hassan Saadaoui, Hartmut Fuess, Joachim Brötz, Aleksander Gurlo, Emmanuel Arveux, Andreas Klein, and Thierry Toupance. "Nanoscaled tin dioxide films processed from organotin-based hybrid materials: an organometallic route toward metal oxide gas sensors." Nanoscale 4, no. 21 (2012): 6806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2nr31883k.

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32

Zaraska, Leszek, Elżbieta Kurowska, Grzegorz D. Sulka, and Marian Jaskuła. "Template-assisted fabrication of tin and antimony based nanowire arrays." Applied Surface Science 258, no. 24 (October 2012): 9718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.06.018.

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33

Pradhan, A. K., D. R. Sahu, B. K. Roul, and Y. Feng. "Lanthanum-based manganite films on MgO using SrTiO3 as a template layer." Journal of Applied Physics 96, no. 2 (July 15, 2004): 1170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1763241.

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34

Sun, Shujian, Yali Xiao, Lanqi He, Yexiang Tong, Dingxin Liu, and Jianyong Zhang. "Zr‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Films Grown on Bio‐Template for Photoelectrocatalysis." ChemistrySelect 5, no. 44 (November 23, 2020): 13855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202003939.

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35

Olympia, Robert P., Christy Lucas, Vignesh Doraiswamy, Cristina Funghi, Hannah M. Wakefield, Bryan H. Wakefield, and Jodi Brady. "“SPORTS ARE FUN”: A Guide for the Discussion of Sport-Related Films." Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1986065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19860657.

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Sport participation is an important part of the development of children and adolescents in the United States. Due to the popularity of sport-related films, coaches, athletic trainers, and parents have used these films to both educate and motivate pediatric athletes. The objective of this study was to develop a discussion guide template based on common positive and negative themes depicted in sport-related films, and demonstrate the application of this discussion guide template to a select number of sport-related films released from 2014 to 2018. A discussion guide template (“SPORTS ARE FUN”) was developed by the co-investigators, reflecting common themes of “ Sportsmanship, Participation for All, Obstacles, Relationships, Teamwork, Setting Realistic Goals, Academics, Responsibility, Exercise/Nutrition/Rest/Drugs/Performance Enhancing Drugs, Fun, Unrelenting Spirit, and “ No Pain, No Gain.” The authors hope that pediatric health care providers, athletic coaches/staff, and parents can utilize this discussion guide template in the education and development of children and adolescents who participate in sports.
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Demirel, Gökhan, Niranjan Malvadkar, and Melik C. Demirel. "Template-based and template-free preparation of nanostructured parylene via oblique angle polymerization." Thin Solid Films 518, no. 15 (May 2010): 4252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.12.096.

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37

Huang, Cheng, Alexander Förste, Stefan Walheim, and Thomas Schimmel. "Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch2." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (May 26, 2015): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.123.

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Polymer blend lithography (PBL) is a spin-coating-based technique that makes use of the purely lateral phase separation between two immiscible polymers to fabricate large area nanoscale patterns. In our earlier work (Huang et al. 2012), PBL was demonstrated for the fabrication of patterned self-assembled monolayers. Here, we report a new method based on the technique of polymer blend lithography that allows for the fabrication of metal island arrays or perforated metal films on the nanometer scale, the metal PBL. As the polymer blend system in this work, a mixture of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is used. This system forms a purely lateral structure on the substrate at controlled humidity, which means that PS droplets are formed in a PMMA matrix, whereby both phases have direct contact both to the substrate and to the air interface. Therefore, a subsequent selective dissolution of either the PS or PMMA component leaves behind a nanostructured film which can be used as a lithographic mask. We use this lithographic mask for the fabrication of metal patterns by thermal evaporation of the metal, followed by a lift-off process. As a consequence, the resulting metal nanostructure is an exact replica of the pattern of the selectively removed polymer (either a perforated metal film or metal islands). The minimum diameter of these holes or metal islands demonstrated here is about 50 nm. Au, Pd, Cu, Cr and Al templates were fabricated in this work by metal PBL. The wavelength-selective optical transmission spectra due to the localized surface plasmonic effect of the holes in perforated Al films were investigated and compared to the respective hole diameter histograms.
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38

Chen, Giin-Shan, Ching-En Lee, Yi-Lung Cheng, Jau-Shiung Fang, Chien-Nan Hsiao, Wei-Chun Chen, Yiu-Hsiang Chang, Yen-Chang Pan, Wei Lee, and Ting-Hsun Su. "Enhancement of Electromigration Reliability of Electroless-Plated Nanoscaled Copper Interconnects by Complete Encapsulation of a 1 nm-Thin Self-Assembled Monolayer." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 082519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac89b8.

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The downsizing of integrated circuits for the upcoming technology nodes has brought attention to sub-2 nm thin organic/inorganic materials as an alternative to metallic barrier/capping layers for nanoscaled Cu interconnects. While self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) serving as the barrier materials for copper metalized films are well studied, electromigration (EM) of Cu interconnects encapsulated by SAMs is an untouched research topic. In this study, we report an all-wet encapsulating process involving SAM seeding/encapsulating and electroless narrow-gap filling to fabricate nanoscaled copper interconnects that are completely encapsulated by a 1 nm-thin amino-based SAM, subsequently annealed to some extents prior to EM testing. Both annealing and SAM encapsulation retard EM of the Cu interconnects tested at current densities on orders of 108–109 A cm−2. Particularly, SAM encapsulation quintuples the lifetime of, for example, as-fabricated Cu interconnects from 470 to 2,890 s. Electromigration failure mechanisms are elucidated from analyses of activation energies and current-density scale factors obtained from the accelerated EM testing. The importance of SAM qualities (e.g., ordering and layered structure) as a prerequisite for the reliability enhancement cannot be overestimated, and the results of the SAM quality evaluation are presented. The mechanism of reliability enhancement is also thoroughly discussed.
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39

Li, Yangjuan, Kai Huang, Hongkai Lai, Cheng Li, Songyan Chen, and Junyong Kang. "Photoluminescence of Si-based nanotips fabricated by anodic aluminum oxide template." Applied Surface Science 257, no. 24 (October 2011): 10671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.07.073.

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40

Li, Yu, Yi He Zhang, Bo Shen, and Feng Zhu Lv. "Preparation and Dielectric Properties of Polyimide Nanocomposite Films Based on Hollow Silica." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.647.

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The hollow silica was fabricated by using monodispersed polystyrene microspheres as core template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica source, and polyimide nanocomposite films with different hollow silica concentration were successfully prepared via in situ polymerization. The hollow silica and nanocomposite films were characterized. The results indicated that the diameter of the hollow silica is around 30nm and the dielectric constant of the nanocomposite films enhance with the increase of the concentration of the hollow silica.
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41

He, Hui, Kai Li, Jing Dong, Jie Xia, Yi Zhang, Tonghui Yang, Xinli Zhao, Qingli Huang, and Xianghua Zeng. "Mesoporous Au nanotube-constructed three-dimensional films with excellent SERS performance based on the nanofiber template-displacement reaction strategy." RSC Advances 6, no. 6 (2016): 4429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra19704j.

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42

Steven, Eden, Victor Lebedev, Elena Laukhina, Concepció Rovira, Vladimir Laukhin, James S. Brooks, and Jaume Veciana. "Silk/molecular conductor bilayer thin-films: properties and sensing functions." Mater. Horiz. 1, no. 5 (2014): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mh00074a.

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A polycrystalline layer of (BEDT-TTF)2I3-based molecular conductor is transferred from a polycarbonate template to silk and other substrates for sensing and actuation applications.
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43

MASUDA, Hideki, and Nobuyoshi BABA. "Preparation of Functional Thin Films by Template Method. Preparation of Microporous Structure Based on Anodic Alumina Films." Hyomen Kagaku 12, no. 4 (1991): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.12.210.

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44

Zhang, Shaohui, Chao Wang, Liuyi Ding, Long Zhang, Jiafan Chen, Hui Huang, Dapeng Jiang, Ziyang Chen, and Gebo Pan. "A flexible bifunctional sensor based on porous copper nanowire@IonGel composite films for high-resolution stress/deformation detection." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 12 (2020): 4081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc06091j.

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45

Lin, Kuo Chiang, Jia Yan Huang, and Shen Ming Chen. "Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid and hydrogen peroxide based on co-immobilization of PEDOT and FAD using multi-walled carbon nanotubes." Anal. Methods 6, no. 20 (2014): 8321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay01639d.

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46

Quispe, Joel, John Damiano, Stephen E. Mick, David P. Nackashi, Denis Fellmann, Teddy G. Ajero, Bridget Carragher, and Clinton S. Potter. "An Improved Holey Carbon Film for Cryo-Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 13, no. 5 (September 28, 2007): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927607070791.

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Two issues that often impact the cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) specimen preparation process are agglomeration of particles near hole edges in holey carbon films and variations in vitreous ice thickness. In many cases, the source of these issues was identified to be the residues and topography often seen in commercially available films. To study and minimize their impact during specimen preparation, an improved holey carbon film has been developed. Rather than using a consumable template based on soft materials that must be removed prior to grid assembly, a method was developed that uses a hard template and a water-soluble release layer to replicate the template pattern into the carbon films. The advantages of this method are the improved purity and flatness of the carbon films, and these attributes are shown to have a dramatic improvement on the distribution of single particles embedded in vitreous ice suspended across the holes. Improving particle distribution is an enabling factor toward increasing the throughput of data collection for cryoEM.
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47

Liu, Jie, Wan-Yi Li, Yunguo Liu, Qinghui Zeng, and Song Hong. "Titanium(IV) hydrate based on chitosan template for defluoridation from aqueous solution." Applied Surface Science 293 (February 2014): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.12.050.

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48

Hudson, Alexander D., Oliver Jamieson, Robert D. Crapnell, Knut Rurack, Thais C. C. Soares, Francesco Mecozzi, Alex Laude, Jonas Gruber, Katarina Novakovic, and Marloes Peeters. "Dual detection of nafcillin using a molecularly imprinted polymer-based platform coupled to thermal and fluorescence read-out." Materials Advances 2, no. 15 (2021): 5105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00192b.

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Reported here is the production of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) films, integrating a fluorescent moiety that serves as both an element for template interaction and signalling, for the thermal and optical detection of the antibiotic nafcillin.
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49

López-Moreno, Alejandro, and Emilio M. Pérez. "Pyrene-based mechanically interlocked SWNTs." Chemical Communications 51, no. 25 (2015): 5421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc08970g.

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50

Siti Nurfatihah, Yahya, Abu Bakar Ben Alwi, A. Rashid Azura, and Ahmad Zulkifli. "Synthesis of Porous Silica via Styrene Natural Rubber Template: The Effect of Calcination." Advanced Materials Research 858 (November 2013): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.858.164.

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This paper discussed the preparation of porous silica using styrene natural rubber (SNR) sacrificial template. The preparation of porous silica based on SNR template involved three steps which were the synthesis of SNR, the formation of SNR/silica, and the formation of porous silica. The SNR sacrificial template was synthesized using styrene as monomer and deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) latex as based material. The effects of different silica loading and mixing methods were studied to produce SNR/silica films. Calcinations process was carried out to remove SNR to produce porous silica structure. The increasing of silica loadings enhanced the porosity of the template structure. The shaker mixing method produced better porous structure compared to the mechanical stirring and the magnetic stirring methods. The porous structure was analyzed via SEM which the optimum silica loading was obtained at 15 % of silica loading.
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