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Journal articles on the topic 'Temperature rate'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Morrison, M. J., and P. B. E. McVetty. "Leaf appearance rate of summer rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-056.

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Leaf appearance rate (LAR) is defined as the slope of the regression of leaf number on time of appearance. LARs were calculated for summer rape using both calendar days (CD) and growing degree days (GDD) as measurements of time. The relationship between the number of leaves and GDD or CD was linear. LARs after emergence were 0.022 leaves GDD−1 or 0.247 leaves d−1. Summer rape was grown in growth cabinets set at different mean temperatures to study the effect of air temperature on LAR. The relationship between leaf number and time was linear. When CD were used as a measure of time, LAR increased as mean temperature increased, while the reverse was true when GDD were used to measure time. Cabinet and field LARs were compared at a field mean temperature of 16.5 °C. Cabinet LARs were 0.021 leaves GDD−1 or 0.22 leaves CD−1 which were similar to those calculated in the field. The linear regression equation describing the relationship between LAR (leaves GDD−1) and mean cabinet temperature was used with field-measured daily mean temperatures and GDD to predict the number of leaves for field conditions. When observed number of leaves were plotted against predicted number of leaves, the resulting slope was not significantly different from one, indicating that the model developed in the growth cabinet can be used to predict LAR in the field. Key words: Leaf appearance rate, Brassica napus, phyllochron

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2

Morrison, M. J., D. W. Stewart, and P. B. E. McVetty. "Maximum area, expansion rate and duration of summer rape leaves." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-012.

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The vegetative development phase in summer rape (Brassica napus) is characterized by the appearance and expansion of leaves. The objectives of this research were to examine the maximum individual leaf area (LAmax), leaf expansion rate (LAX) and leaf area duration (LAD) of individual leaves as influenced by leaf position and ambient air temperature. Westar summer rape was grown from seed to maturity in controlled environment chambers set at temperatures ranging from 10 to 25 °C. Plants representing each stage of leaf development were selected at random from the population for leaf area determination. Logistic equations were used to relate the area of individual leaves to Growing Degree Days (GDD). Polynomial regression equations were used to fit curves describing the relationship between LAmax, LAX, LAD and leaf position or air temperature. As the air temperature increased the LAmax increased. LAX increased to a maximum which occurred when LAmax was at its maximum. There were no significant differences for LAX among air temperatures ranging from 13.5 to 22 °C. Mean LAX was 0.21 cm2 GDD−1. There were no significant differences in LAD due to leaf position or air temperature. Mean LAD was 140.1 GDD.Key words: Leaf area, leaf expansion rate, leaf area duration, Brassica napus

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3

S, Kailash, Karthick Raja A, and Mahesh R. Murugappan S. V. Mangaiyarkarasi M.E. "Measurement of GHT Glucose, Heart Rate, Temperature Using Non-Invasive Method." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21670.

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4

Fridley, Jason D., and Justin P. Wright. "Temperature accelerates the rate fields become forests." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 18 (April 16, 2018): 4702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716665115.

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Secondary succession, the postdisturbance transition of herbaceous to woody-dominated ecosystems, occurs faster at lower latitudes with important ramifications for ecosystem processes. This pattern could be driven by the direct effect of temperature on tree growth; however, an alternative mechanism is tree–herb competition, which may be more intense in more fertile northern soils. We manipulated soil fertility and herbaceous species composition in identical experiments at six sites spanning the Eastern United States (30–43° N) and monitored the growth and survival of four early successional trees. Tree seedling mass 2 years after sowing was strongly associated with site differences in mean growing season temperature, regardless of species or soil treatment. The effect of temperature was twofold: seedlings grew faster in response to warmer site temperatures, but also due to the reduction of competitive interference from the herbaceous community, which was inhibited in warmer sites. Our results suggest that increasing temperatures will promote a faster transition of fields to forests in temperate ecosystems.

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5

Mourad, Mohamed Hassan. "Effects of water temperature on the ECG; heart rate and respiratory rate of the eel Anguilla anguilla L." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 21, no. 1 (June 30, 1991): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1991.21.1.08.

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6

ROMANUS, TORSTEN. "Sedimentation Rate and Room Temperature." Acta Medica Scandinavica 117, no. 5-6 (April 24, 2009): 535–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1944.tb03973.x.

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7

Alden, Thomas H. "Temperature-dependent strain rate discontinuity." Materials Science and Engineering: A 103, no. 2 (September 1988): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(88)90511-3.

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8

Rising, R., A. Keys, E. Ravussin, and C. Bogardus. "Concomitant interindividual variation in body temperature and metabolic rate." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): E730—E734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.4.e730.

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There is significant variation in metabolic rate in humans, independent of differences in body size, body composition, age, and gender. Although it has been generally held that the normal human "set-point" body temperature is 37 degrees C, these interindividual variations in metabolic rate also suggest possible variations in body temperature. To examine the possibility of correlations between metabolic rate and body temperature, triplicate measurements of oral temperatures were made before and after measurement of 24-h energy expenditure in a respiratory chamber in 23 Pima Indian men. Fasting oral temperatures varied more between individuals than can be attributed to methodological errors or intraindividual variation. Oral temperatures correlated with sleeping (r = 0.80, P < 0.0001), and 24-h (r = 0.48, P < 0.02) metabolic rates adjusted for differences in body size, body composition, and age. Similarly, in the 32 Caucasian men of the Minnesota Semi-Starvation Study, oral temperature correlated with adjusted metabolic rate, and the interindividual differences in body temperature were maintained throughout semistarvation and refeeding. These results suggest that a low body temperature and a low metabolic rate might be two signs of an obesity-prone syndrome in humans.

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9

Ali, Riasat, and Ahmed D. Anjum. "Rectal Temperature, Pulse Rate and Breath Rate in Mules." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 1, no. 4 (September 15, 1998): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.1998.271.273.

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10

O'Steen, S. "Embryonic temperature influences juvenile temperature choice and growth rate in snapping turtles Chelydra serpentina." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 3 (February 1, 1998): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.3.439.

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Snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) demonstrate temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD): intermediate egg incubation temperatures (23-27 degreesC) produce males, while extreme temperatures produce females. Snapping turtles are also sexually dimorphic: adult males are typically larger than females. Previous researchers hypothesized that male-producing egg temperatures enhanced the growth rate of juvenile turtles, resulting in the adult dimorphism and potentially providing an adaptive benefit for TSD. In reptiles, the choice of ambient temperature can also influence growth. I measured the effect of egg incubation temperature on juvenile growth rate and water temperature choice of C. serpentina. Eggs were incubated in the laboratory at 21.5, 24.5, 27.5 or 30.5 degreesC to produce both sexes, all males, both sexes or all females, respectively. Egg temperature was linearly and negatively correlated with growth rate of both male and female juveniles. Thus, growth was enhanced, but not maximized, by male-producing egg temperatures. Egg temperature was also negatively correlated with juvenile temperature choice such that, on average, turtles from 21.5 degreesC eggs selected 28 degreesC water, while turtles from 30.5 degreesC eggs chose 24.5 degreesC water. Additionally, these temperature choices were highly repeatable, even following a 6 month hibernation period at 7 degreesC. Thus, while male egg temperatures do not directly maximize growth, multiple effects of embryonic temperature may combine to create long-lasting differences in the behavioral physiology of male and female C. serpentina. Such differences could be important to the ecology and evolution of TSD.

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11

Kuzmenko, D. N., A. I. Ustinov, S. G. Kosintsev, and L. V. Petrushinets. "Influence of heating rate on inflammation temperature of mutlilayer Ti/Al foil." Paton Welding Journal 2014, no. 10 (October 28, 2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2014.10.04.

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12

Dickinson, Matthew B., and Edward A. Johnson. "Temperature-dependent rate models of vascular cambium cell mortality." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-223.

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We use two rate-process models to describe cell mortality at elevated temperatures as a means of understanding vascular cambium cell death during surface fires. In the models, cell death is caused by irreversible damage to cellular molecules that occurs at rates that increase exponentially with temperature. The models differ in whether cells show cumulative effects of heating. The temperature dependencies of the models' rate parameters were estimated from cell-count data after exposing live-bark tissues from four Canadian Rocky Mountain tree species to a range of fixed temperatures in a water bath. Based on both models, lodgepole pine's (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) growing season vascular cambium cells experienced lower mortality rates at elevated temperatures than those of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Growing and dormant season differences were marginal. With reservations for lodgepole pine, both models predicted cell survival after exposures to rising and falling temperatures such as would be experienced by live tissues during fires. A simulation involving conduction heat transfer from flames and vascular cambium cell mortality suggests that differences among species in thermal tolerance are small compared with the effects of bark thickness. Although stem vascular cambium cell mortality was complete when tissues reached 60 °C during simulated surface fires, it may not be warranted to apply the 60 °C threshold to other tissues exposed to contrasting temperature regimes during fires.

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13

Leweke, F., K. Bruck, and H. Olschewski. "Temperature effects on ventilatory rate, heart rate, and preferred pedal rate during cycle ergometry." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.3.781.

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According to the most customary exercise protocols, core temperature (Tc) rises in parallel with workload (WL) and experimental time. Physiological variables, however, may be related to each of these factors. To investigate effects of WL independent of experimental time and body temperature, we employed four moderate WLs in 4-min steps between 35 and 65% peak O2 uptake (VO2 peak) in randomized order. To investigate independent effects of body temperature, the same work protocol was performed both after resting in comfortable ambient temperature [control test (Cont)] and after a double cold exposure [precooling test (Pret)], where Tc and the temperature set point are decreased by approximately 0.6 and 0.3 degrees C, respectively. Eight male subjects (24 +/- 1.9 yr, VO2 peak 4.9 +/- 0.5 l/min) worked on a cycle ergometer in a climatic chamber. Heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (BF), but not preferred pedal rate (PR), were positively correlated to Tc, the slopes amounting to 17 and 3.75 min-1/degree C for HR and BF, respectively. The regression appeared linear over the whole temperature range, and the regression lines were not shifted by precooling. PR was increased by time, but Pret-Cont differences of PR and Tc were inversely correlated (r = -0.50, P < 0.01). The effects of WL were highly significant on HR, O2 uptake, and rate of perceived exertion but not on BF, PR, and sweat rate. The relation of rate of perceived exertion to HR was shifted by precooling.

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14

Junhe, Liu, Yan Yan, Yu Mingfu, Parajulee Megha N, Shi Peijian, Liu Jiayang, and Zhao Zihua. "Using the loess method to describe the effect of temperature on development rate." Plant Protection Science 53, No. 4 (August 30, 2017): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/83/2016-pps.

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Temperature has a significant influence on development rates of insects and mites. Many parametric models were built to describe the temperature-dependent development rates. However, these models provided different shapes of the curves of development rate versus temperature. For different datasets, investigators have to spend much time on considering which the parametric model is the best for describing the temperature-dependent development rates. In the present study, we encourage investigators to use an important non-parametric model, the loess method, which belongs to local regression methods. The loesS method is used to fit some published data on the development rate of aphids to check the goodness-of-fit. We find that the loess method is very flexible for fitting the given datasets. Thus, we consider that the loess method can be used to describe the effect of temperature on the development rate of insects or mites.

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15

Haverinen, Jaakko, Denis V. Abramochkin, Andre Kamkin, and Matti Vornanen. "Maximum heart rate in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) is not limited by firing rate of pacemaker cells." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 312, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): R165—R171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00403.2016.

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Temperature-induced changes in cardiac output (Q̇) in fish are largely dependent on thermal modulation of heart rate ( fH), and at high temperatures Q̇ collapses due to heat-dependent depression of fH. This study tests the hypothesis that firing rate of sinoatrial pacemaker cells sets the upper thermal limit of fH in vivo. To this end, temperature dependence of action potential (AP) frequency of enzymatically isolated pacemaker cells (pacemaker rate, fPM), spontaneous beating rate of isolated sinoatrial preparations ( fSA), and in vivo fH of the cold-acclimated (4°C) brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario) were compared under acute thermal challenges. With rising temperature, fPM steadily increased because of the acceleration of diastolic depolarization and shortening of AP duration up to the break point temperature (TBP) of 24.0 ± 0.37°C, at which point the electrical activity abruptly ceased. The maximum fPM at TBP was much higher [193 ± 21.0 beats per minute (bpm)] than the peak fSA (94.3 ± 6.0 bpm at 24.1°C) or peak fH (76.7 ± 2.4 at 15.7 ± 0.82°C) ( P < 0.05). These findings strongly suggest that the frequency generator of the sinoatrial pacemaker cells does not limit fH at high temperatures in the brown trout in vivo.

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16

Omiya, Kazuki, Ilko Mitkov Rusinov, Susumu Suzuki, and Haruo Itoh. "Temperature Dependence of Ozone Loss Rate." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 133, no. 9 (2013): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.133.465.

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17

Nara, Koichi, and Osamu Tamura. "A Simple Temperature-Changing Rate Sensor." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 25, Part 1, No. 1 (January 20, 1986): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.25.163.

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18

Xu, G., R. A. Antonia, and S. Rajagopalan. "Scaling of mean temperature dissipation rate." Physics of Fluids 12, no. 11 (2000): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1312851.

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19

Zhang, Jian-Jun, and Ze Cheng. "Temperature Dependence of Atomic Decay Rate." Chinese Physics Letters 29, no. 2 (February 2012): 023201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/29/2/023201.

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20

Avramov, I., and I. Gutzow. "Heating rate and glass transition temperature." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 104, no. 1 (August 1988): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(88)90194-9.

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21

Bakhshandeh, E., S. Atashi, M. Hafez-Nia, and H. Pirdashti. "Quantification of the response of germination rate to temperature in sesame (Sesamum indicum)." Seed Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2013.41.3.14.

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22

Aleksic, Zeljko J., and Dragan M. Vasiljevic. "Low-power temperature detector and rate of temperature change detector." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement IM-35, no. 4 (December 1986): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.1986.6831772.

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23

Marshall, B., and G. R. Squire. "Non-linearity in rate-temperature relations of germination in oilseed rape." Journal of Experimental Botany 47, no. 9 (1996): 1369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/47.9.1369.

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24

Squire, G. R., B. Marshall, G. Dunlop, and G. Wright. "Genetic basis of rate-temperature characteristics for germination in oilseed rape." Journal of Experimental Botany 48, no. 4 (1997): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.4.869.

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25

Johnson, Arden P., Cuiyang Wang, and John S. Miller. "High Temperature Lithium Alloy Cells With Improved Low Temperature Performance." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, HITEC (January 1, 2010): 000274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-ajohnson-wp15.

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Lithium-thionyl chloride cells are widely used in downhole applications where the temperatures exceed 100°C. These cells cannot be used above the melting point of lithium, 180°C, but modified oxyhalide cells are available that use higher-melting lithium alloy anodes that allow safe operation at temperatures as high as 200°C. However, the higher temperature capability comes at the cost of low temperature performance; the alloy cells typically show very poor rate capability below 50°C. The low temperature rate limitations can be particularly disadvantageous in cases where a tool is started up at the surface, where the ambient temperatures are cooler, before it is placed into operation downhole. Here we present test results defining and characterizing the capabilities and limitations of various types of lithium alloy cells at lower temperatures, as well as discharge results at higher temperatures for new cell types that have been designed for improved rate capability at both lower and higher temperatures.

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26

Vigié, Héloise, Thalita de Paula, Martin Surand, and Bernard Viguier. "Low Temperature Strain Rate Sensitivity of Titanium Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 258 (December 2016): 570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.258.570.

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Titanium alloys are widely used in many industrial applications such as in aeronautics due to their combination of good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance and low density. The mechanical behaviour of titanium alloys is known to exhibit a peculiar dependence on both deformation temperature and strain rate. Titanium alloys show significant room temperature creep and they are very sensitive to dwell fatigue and sustained load cracking. This behaviour is related to the viscosity of plastic deformation in titanium alloys, which can be represented by a strain rate sensitivity (SRS) parameter. The present study aims to compare the tensile behavior of two different titanium alloys, Ti-6Al-4V and β21S, which exhibit dissimilar microstructures. Results of tensile tests, performed under constant strain rate and including strain rate changes, are reported in terms of flow stress, ductility and SRS over a wide range of temperatures.

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27

Malina, R., and J. Praslička. "Effect of temperature on the developmental rate, longevity and parasitism of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)." Plant Protection Science 44, No. 1 (April 10, 2008): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/534-pps.

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Temperature-dependent development, longevity and parasitism of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday was measured at four constant temperatures between 15°C and 30°C using Aphis pomi de Geer as host. The thresholds for egg-mummy and mummy-adult development were 6.8°C and 3.9°C, respectively. Development into mummies required an average of 146.3 degree-days (DD), while development into adults took an average of 85.3 DD. Longevity was increasing linearly in the range from 15°C to 25°C (8–15 days), but was lower at 30°C (11 days). The relationship between parasitism, recorded as percent aphids mummified, and temperature was increasing at the temperatures 15–25°C, but decreasing at higher temperatures; 10.8% of the aphids were parasitised at 15°C, 15.9% at 25°C and 14.6% at 30°C. These results are compared with previously reported data on temperature-dependent development of A. ervi on a different host.

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28

Jensen, Maria Maj, John G. Kellett, Peter Hallas, and Mikkel Brabrand. "Fever increases heart rate and respiratory rate; a prospective observational study of acutely admitted medical patients." Acute Medicine Journal 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0766.

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Background: The relationship between increase in body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate has only been studied in young, healthy subjects. Aim: To show the changes in heart and respiratory rate associated with fever in acutely admitted medical patients. Design: A prospective observational cohort study Methods: Vital parameters from 4,493 patients were retrospectively extracted. Linear and multiple variable regression analysis was used to calculate the change in heart and temperature rate for every degree rise in temperature (i.e. ΔHR/°C and ΔRR/°C) in the entire study group and in those with low (<36.1°C), normal (36.1-38°C) and high (>38°C) body temperatures. Results: The ΔHR/°C and ΔRR/°C was 7.2±0.4 beats per minute (bpm) and 1.4 ±0.1 (1.2 to 1.62) breaths per minute (bpm). Adjusting for age, oxygen saturation and mean blood pressure, the results were 6.4±0.4 (5.7 to 7.1) bpm and 1.2±0.1 (1.0 to 1.4) bpm. In low, normal and high body temperature the ΔHR/°C were 2.7±1.9, 6.9±1.9 and 7.4±0.9 bpm, respectively; for ΔRR/°C the values were -0.5±0.5, 1.5±0.5 and 2.3±0.3 bpm, respectively. Conclusions: We only found a modest association between fever and changes in heart rate and respiratory rate.

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29

Xue, Song, Tao Yang, Xuedong Liu, Yi Ren, Yi Peng, and Lixuan Zheng. "Strain Rate and Temperature Effects on Formability and Microstructure of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet." Metals 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12071103.

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Magnesium alloys play an important role in lightweight structures, which are extensively used in different industries due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. In this paper, the formability of the AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet was studied by using tensile tests at different temperatures (from 25 to 250 °C) and strain rates (from 0.017 s−1 to 0.34 s−1). The results showed that the material behaves with positive temperature sensitivity when forming at a temperature lower than 200 °C. The effect of the strain rates on the formability of AZ31B was larger at high temperatures. The metallography of AZ31B at different temperatures and strain rates was observed by OM. The results showed that the partially recrystallized structure was exhibited at a temperature of 150 °C. With the increase in temperature, the approximate complete recrystallization was exhibited at a temperature of 250 °C. The fracture morphology of AZ31B was observed at different strain rates and temperatures by SEM. Additionally, the main fracture pattern was quasi-cleavage at room temperature. However, with the increase in temperature, the fracture pattern was transited from a quasi-cleavage pattern to a ductile fracture pattern. The ductile fracture pattern was the main fracture pattern at a temperature of 250 °C.

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30

Gass, G. C., E. M. Camp, and T. H. Gwinn. "SWEAT RATE, RECTAL TEMPERATURE & SELECTED SKIN TEMPERATURES IN QUADRIPLEGICS DURING EXERCISE." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 21, Supplement (April 1989): S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198904001-00569.

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31

Xu, Guangwen, Takahiro Murakami, Toshiyuki Suda, Yoshiaki Matsuzawa, and Hidehisa Tani. "Particle circulation rate in high-temperature CFB: Measurement and temperature influence." AIChE Journal 52, no. 10 (2006): 3626–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.10959.

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32

Zhu, Zhi-Wu, Yue Ma, Hai-Dong Zhang, Wei-Dong Song, and Yuan-Chao Gan. "Evaluation of thermal effects and strain-rate sensitivity in frozen soil." Thermal Science 18, no. 5 (2014): 1631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1405631z.

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Temperature variation is one important factor that affects the dynamic mechanical properties of frozen soil under impact loading. Thermal damage is a collective phenomenon that can be caused by temperature variation. This paper investigates the effects of thermal damage on strain course. A split Hopkinson pressure bar was employed to investigate the dynamic mechanical characteristics of frozen soil at different temperatures and different strain rates. The stress-strain curves were obtained under impact loading. The compressive strength of frozen soil showed a negative temperature sensitivity and positive strain-rate trend. Specifically, the strength of frozen soil increased with decreasing temperatures and increasing strain rates.

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33

Kumar, Yogesh, S. S. Singh, and Poonam Jain. "Diphoton production rate in relativistic nuclear collisions." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (November 16, 2021): 124060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac36a0.

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Abstract In this study, we have made an effort to reveal some information about the space-time evolution of quark gluon plasma (QGP). We deal with one of the important signature of quark gluon plasma from the analysis of the experimental results on electromagnetic probes which are measured at relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) and large hadron collider (LHC). Electromagnetic radiations as diphotons emitted from hot and dense matter are investigated using a phenomenological model with quasiparticle approach at temperatures above critical temperature. In this, we use thermodynamically consistent quasiparticle model composed of quarks and gluons. Due to interactions among the quarks, mass of these particles is generated in highly dense and hot matter of QGP. The mass of these particles is temperature dependent and it is found that the model works well at temperatures above the critical temperature. Thus, this work is carried out using a phenomenological model in heavy-ion collisions in the limit of high temperature and zero chemical potential. The rate of diphoton production is calculated by suitably fitted parametrization factors in quark mass. We found an appreciable enhancement using thermal quark mass as compared to dynamical quark mass in the current results of two photon production rate. The results are compared with earlier estimated diphoton production rates from QGP and hadronic matter. Our results are therefore enhanced in comparison to the other theoretical results. The estimation of diphoton emission anticipates useful insights in the relevant range of mass. So these insights on diphotons can be advantageous tool for spectroscopy and thermometry in high energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC.

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34

Björnsson, Björn, and Agnar Steinarsson. "The food-unlimited growth rate of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-028.

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Results from laboratory experiments showed that food-unlimited growth rate (G) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) declined linearly with fish weight (W) on a loglog scale at six different temperatures: 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16°C. The intercept (αi) and slope (βi) of these regressions increased linearly with temperature (T), implying that G = αi W βi, where αi = γ1 + δ1T and βi = γ2 + δ2T. Nonlinear fit of the four-parameter model showed that γ1 was not significantly different from 0, and thus the following three-parameter model is suggested for the food-unlimited growth rate of cod ranging in size from 2 to 5000 g at any temperature from 2 to 16°C: G = (0.5735T)W(0.19340.02001T). The results indicate that temperature in this size range has a much greater effect on the growth rate of small juvenile cod than on that of larger cod. The model predicts that the optimal temperature for growth of cod decreases with increased size of fish, from 14.3°C for 50-g fish to 5.9°C for 5000-g fish. Growth curves were derived for cod at constant and seasonally variable temperatures. Weight-at-age was calculated for different temperatures.

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Erfantalab, Sobhan, Ali Hooshyar Zare, and Amin Jenabi. "Ambient Temperature Dependence of Diffusion Rate in a Microfluidic Channel." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.127.

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Microfluidics offers methods of miniaturization for numerous chemical, electrochemical and biological processes. Thermal diffusion of molecular species through microfluidic channels is involved in many of such processes. High specific surface in microchannels complicates the theoretical assessment of diffusion rate in such channels as both the diffusion coefficient and the physisorption rate to the channel walls are temperature-sensitive. In this work, it is shown that both of these parameters vary in the same direction with temperature and the superposition of their respective effects makes the process rate highly temperature-sensitive. The molecular diffusion rates for three different molecular species, 2-butanol, tert-butanol and hydrogen, through a centimeter-long microchannel are experimentally monitored at the ambient temperature. Repeating such recording at different ambient temperatures facilitates the measurement and comparison of the temperature sensitivities of these processes. Among the fluids examined, those with lower diffusion coefficients showed more significant temperature dependences. The fabrication of the microfluidic system and the method utilized for monitoring the diffusion rate are also described in this paper.

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Dewanti, P. R., Rochmadi, A. Rohman, and A. Budiman. "Degradation rate of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis." Food Research 6, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(4).462.

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Astaxanthin is an antioxidant that is sensitive to environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and lighting on the concentration of astaxanthin, then derive the kinetic equation for its degradation. The half-life was calculated to determine the astaxanthin degradation time at which its concentration drops to half of its initial concentration. Standard astaxanthin was dissolved in acetone and left to stand under three different conditions. The results indicated that temperature and lighting can both cause degradation of astaxanthin. Degradation appeared to follow the second-order kinetics. The calculation showed that lower storage temperatures and less intense light exposure extended the astaxanthin half-life.

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37

Timmermans, B. G. H., J. Vos, J. van Nieuwburg, T. J. Stomph, and P. E. L. van der Putten. "Germination rates ofSolanum sisymbriifolium: temperature response models, effects of temperature fluctuations and soil water potential." Seed Science Research 17, no. 3 (September 2007): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258507785628.

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AbstractFour temperature response models were compared describing the emergence rate ofSolanum sisymbriifolium(L.) over a broad range of suboptimal temperatures and at different soil water potentials. In the laboratory, the effects were tested on germination rates at constant (9.1–21.8°C) and diurnally fluctuating temperatures at different soil water potentials. Linear, Q10, expolinear and quadratic models were fitted to the data on rate of emergence against temperature. For model validation, field emergence was monitored in 11 sowings conducted in 2001–2004. Emergence rate increased with temperature and was relatively high at soil water potentials in the range of − 0.21 MPa to − 2.6 × 10− 3 MPa, but was almost zero at − 0.96 MPa and − 1.8 × 10− 3 MPa. Diurnal temperature fluctuations did not have a differing influence on germination rates or final germination percentages compared with constant temperatures. The expolinear and the quadratic models were most accurate in explaining variation of laboratory data, especially at temperatures close to the minimum germination temperature ofS. sisymbriifolium. These two models had root mean square errors for predicting field emergence rates (5.9 to 38.4 d) of 0.81 and 0.87 d, respectively, and were considered more appropriate to predict the time to 50% germination for crops grown in conditions near their ‘base temperature’ than the widely used linear temperature (thermal time) models. The Gompertz function was fitted to percentage germination versus the time-accumulated germination rate (using the expolinear function to describe the rate–temperature relation). This combined model adequately predicted the temporal pattern of emergence in the field.

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Tamrakar, Sandeep, Raja Ganesh, Subramani Sockalingam, Bazle Z. (Gama) Haque, and John W. Gillespie. "Strain rate-dependent large deformation inelastic behavior of an epoxy resin." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319859054.

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The objective of this paper is to model high strain rate and temperature-dependent response of an epoxy resin (DER 353 and bis( p-aminocyclohexyl) methane (PACM-20)) undergoing large inelastic strains under uniaxial compression. The model is decomposed into two regimes defined by the rate and temperature-dependent yield stress. Prior to yield, the model accounts for viscoelastic behavior. Post yield inelastic response incorporates the effects of strain rate and temperature including thermal softening caused by internal heat generation. The yield stress is dependent on both temperature and strain rate and is described by the Ree–Erying equation. Key experiments over the strain rate range of 0.001–12,000/s are conducted using an Instron testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The effects of temperature (25–120 ℃) on yield stress are studied at low strain rates (0.001–0.1/s). Stress-relaxation tests are also carried out under various applied strain rates and temperatures to obtain characteristic relaxation time and equilibrium stress. The model is in excellent agreement over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures including temperature in the range of the glass transition. Case studies for a wide range of monotonic and varying strain rates and large strains are included to illustrate the capabilities of the model.

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Vilette, Anne, and S. L. Kampe. "High-temperature plasticity of cubic bismuth oxide." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 6 (June 1996): 1433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0180.

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Cubic (δ) bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) has been subjected to high temperature deformation over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. Results indicate that bismuth oxide is essentially incapable of plastic deformation at temperatures below the monoclithic to cubic phase transformation which occurs at approximately 730 °C. Above the transformation temperature, however, Bi2O3 is extensively deformable. The variability of flow stress to temperature and strain rate has been quantified through the determination of phenomenological-based constitutive equations to describe its behavior at these high temperatures. Analysis of the so-determined deformation constants indicate an extremely strong sensitivity to strain rate and temperature, with values of the strain-rate sensitivity approaching values commonly cited as indicative of superplastic behavior.

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O'Mara, M. Teague, Sebastian Rikker, Martin Wikelski, Andries Ter Maat, Henry S. Pollock, and Dina K. N. Dechmann. "Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (December 2017): 171359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171359.

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Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the body temperature of free-ranging Pallas' mastiff bats ( Molossus molossus ) in Gamboa, Panamá, and showed that these individuals have low field metabolic rates across a wide range of body temperatures that conform to high ambient temperature. Importantly, low metabolic rates in controlled respirometry trials were best predicted by heart rate, and not body temperature . Molossus molossus enter torpor-like states characterized by low metabolic rate and heart rates at body temperatures of 32°C, and thermoconform across a range of temperatures. Flexible metabolic strategies may be far more common in tropical endotherms than currently known.

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Heath, M. E., and H. T. Hammel. "Body temperature and rate of O2 consumption in Chinese pangolins." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 250, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): R377—R382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.3.r377.

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Body temperatures and rates of O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured in four Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) during short-term exposures (2-4 h) to ambient temperatures (Ta) of 10-34 degrees C. At Ta less than 27 degrees C the pangolins curled into a sphere. At Ta greater than 28 degrees C the animals laid on their backs with their soft abdominal skin exposed. Rectal temperatures between 33.4 and 35.5 degrees C were recorded from animals exposed to Ta of 10-32 degrees C. At Ta greater than or equal to 32 degrees C the animals appeared to be markedly heat stressed, rate of breathing was elevated, and core temperature rose somewhat. Resting metabolic rates averaged 3.06 ml O2 X kg-1 X min-1. This is significantly lower than would be predicted from the relationship between body mass and metabolic rate established by Kleiber (The Fire of Life: an Introduction to Animal Energetics. New York: Wiley, 1975) for other eutherian mammals. The magnitude of the metabolic response to Ta below the lower critical temperature was inversely correlated to the mass of the pangolin, the slope being greatest for the smallest animals. Respiratory quotients of 0.85-1.0 were observed.

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Friend, Ted, Giulia Corsini, Vincent Manero, and Raffaella Cocco. "Diurnal Body Temperature and Rate of Passage of Loggers in Lions." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081388.

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The documentation of diurnal patterns in body temperature in lions could be important because disruption of circadian patterns can be a useful measure of distress. This study quantified changes in body temperature of seven African lions (Panthera leo) at 5 min intervals during cold conditions from noon until the ingested body temperature loggers were expelled the next day. Thirteen loggers were fed to 11 lions during their daily noon feeding, while ambient temperatures were also recorded using six data loggers. The lions had continuous access to their dens and exercise pens during the day but were restricted to their heavily bedded dens that also contained a heat lamp from 23:00 until 08:00 the next day. Body temperatures averaged 37.95 ± 0.42 °C at 15:50, and 36.81 ± 0.17 °C at 06:50 the next day, 30 min before the first loggers passed from a lion, and were significantly different (t-test, t = 8.09, df = 6, p < 0.0003). The mean duration for the time of passage was 22 ± 2.69 (h ± SD), so future studies using the noninvasive feeding of temperature loggers need to consider that time frame.

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Onika, S. G., K. B. Rysbekov, E. Kh Aben, and G. B. Bahmagambetova. "Leaching rate dependence on productive solution temperature." Vestnik KazNRTU 142, no. 6 (2020): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51301/vest.su.2020.v142.i6.122.

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44

Castellani, C., C. Robinson, T. Smith, and RS Lampitt. "Temperature affects respiration rate of Oithona similis." Marine Ecology Progress Series 285 (2005): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps285129.

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45

Erwin, John, Ken Altman, and Fran Esqueda. "Temperature Impacts Cactus and Succulent Development Rate." HortTechnology 27, no. 1 (February 2017): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03515-16.

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One cactus and 17 succulent species/cultivars were grown at 10, 16, 22, or 28 °C (plant temperature) for 10 or 15 weeks. The change in leaf/tubercle number at each temperature (after 10 or 15 weeks) was determined, and leaf/tubercle-unfolding rate was calculated. ‘Jade Necklace’ kebab bush (Crassula rupestris ssp. marnieriana), ‘Lola’ echeveria (Echeveria), ‘Green Ice’ gasteraloe (Gasteraloe), and lithops (Lithops species) leaf-unfolding rate per day was unaffected by temperature. Leaf-unfolding rate per day increased as temperature increased from 10 to 16 °C on ‘Firebird’ aloe (Aloe), ‘Key Lime Pie’ adromischus (Adromischus cristatus), prostate rainbow bush (Portulacaria afra variegata), burro’s tail (Sedum burrito), and ‘Sir William Lawrence’ houseleek (Sempervivum calcareum). Leaf-unfolding rate per day increased as temperature increased from 10 to 22 °C on mescal agave (Agave parryi truncata), ‘Firebird’ aloe, Sunrise anacampseros (Anacampseros telephiastrum variegata), ponytail palm (Beaucarnea recurvata), subsessilis echeveria (Echeveria subsessilis), zebra plant (Haworthia fasciata), prostrate rainbow bush, burro’s tail and ‘Sir William Lawrence’ houseleek. Increasing temperature from 22 to 28 °C decreased ‘Kiwi’ tree houseleek (Aeonium percarneum) leaf-unfolding rate per day, increased ‘Firebird’ aloe and tiger tooth aloe (Aloe juvenna) leaf-unfolding rate, and resulted in shoot tip death on burro’s tail, and plant death of ‘Sir William Lawrence’ houseleek and ‘Silver Dollar’ jade (Crassula arborescens). The cactus, ‘Arizona Snowcap’ mammillaria (Mammillaria gracilis fragilis), tubercle-unfolding rate per day increased as temperature increased from 16 to 28 °C. Taken together, temperature (10 to 28 °C) effects on development rate were species specific and related to the indigenous environment of a species.

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46

Karlsson, Meriam G., M. E. Hackmann, and Royal D. Heins. "TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED LEAF UNFOLDING RATE IN HIBISCUS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 272 (July 1990): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.272.14.

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47

Wolfenden, Richard, Mark Snider, Caroline Ridgway, and Brian Miller. "The Temperature Dependence of Enzyme Rate Enhancements." Journal of the American Chemical Society 121, no. 32 (August 1999): 7419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja991280p.

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48

III, Frank R. Thompson, and Erik K. Fritzell. "Ruffed Grouse Metabolic Rate and Temperature Cycles." Journal of Wildlife Management 52, no. 3 (July 1988): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801589.

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49

Alharbi, Amnah M., and Nigel H. Scott. "Stability in constrained temperature-rate-dependent thermoelasticity." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 22, no. 8 (January 24, 2017): 1738–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286516685918.

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In an anisotropic temperature-rate-dependent thermoelastic material four plane harmonic waves may propagate in any direction, all dispersive and attenuated, and all stable in the sense that their amplitudes remain bounded in the direction of travel. In this paper, the material is additionally assumed to suffer an internal constraint of the deformation-temperature type, i.e. the temperature is a prescribed function of the deformation gradient. In this constrained thermoelastic material four waves continue to propagate but instabilities are now found. Constrained temperature-rate-dependent thermoelasticity is then combined with generalized thermoelasticity in which the rate of change of heat flux also appears in the heat conduction equation. Four waves again propagate but instabilities are found as before. Anisotropic and isotropic materials are both considered.

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50

TOMKINSON, A., A. BREMMER-SMITH, C. CRAVEN, and D. G. ROBLIN. "Hospital epistaxis admission rate and ambient temperature." Clinical Otolaryngology 20, no. 3 (June 1995): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1995.tb01857.x.

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