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Journal articles on the topic 'Temperate mangroves'
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1
Bulmer, R. H., L. Schwendenmann, and C. J. Lundquist. "Sediment CO<sub>2</sub> efflux from cleared and intact temperate mangroves and tidal flats." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 4 (February 25, 2015): 3547–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-3547-2015.
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Abstract. Temperate mangroves in Southern Australia and New Zealand have been increasing in area over the past 50 years, whereas tropical mangroves have declined by 30–50% over a similar time frame. Tropical mangroves are understood to be an important carbon sink and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions following clearance are estimated to be comparable or greater than CO2 emissions following the clearance of many terrestrial forest systems. Recreational and amenity values or perceived loss of other estuarine habitats due to expanding temperate mangrove forests have resulted in clearing of temperate mangroves. In this study, we investigated the impact of temperate mangrove clearance on CO2 efflux from the sediment to the atmosphere along with a range of other biotic and abiotic factors. Significantly higher CO2 efflux rates were measured in cleared (1.34 ± 0.46 μmol m2 s-1) and intact mangrove sites (2.31 ± 0.72 μmol m2 s-1) than in tidal flats (-0.23 ± 0.27 μmol m2 s-1). Site and sediment characteristics such as sediment carbon and nitrogen concentration, chlorophyll α concentration, grain size, mangrove height, macrofaunal abundance, sediment temperature and moisture were strongly correlated with sediment CO2 efflux. Our results suggest that carbon stored within temperate mangrove sediment is released over a period of years to decades after mangrove clearance. CO2 efflux from intact and cleared temperate mangroves was found to be comparable to rates observed in the tropics. Disturbance of the surface biofilm resulted in elevated CO2 efflux across all habitats, suggesting the important role of surface biofilm communities in mediating CO2 efflux.
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Payne, Nicholas Leslie, and Bronwyn May Gillanders. "Assemblages of fish along a mangrove - mudflat gradient in temperate Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08124.
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Mangroves are considered to support rich assemblages of fish and invertebrates. Fishes inhabiting mangrove habitats and at various distances from mangroves across mudflats were sampled to: (1) compare fish assemblages between habitats; and (2) determine the influence of mangrove proximity on fish abundance and diversity in three southern Australian estuaries between November 2005 and January 2006. Based on their distribution, fish species were classified as mangrove residents, mudflat residents, generalists or rare species. The assemblage structure of fish in mangroves differed from assemblages 500 m away; however, neither total abundance nor species richness differed significantly between mangroves and mudflats. Mangrove residents and Aldrichetta forsteri (yellow-eyed mullet) displayed strong associations with mangrove habitats, whereas mudflat residents were associated with mudflat habitats. No other fish groups or individual species occurred in higher abundances in either habitat. Total fish abundance, mangrove residents and A. forsteri were positively correlated with pneumatophore density, indicating that the structural complexity of the mangroves might influence the distributions of certain fish species. The current study demonstrated that mangrove habitats in temperate Australia support no greater abundance or diversity of fish than adjacent mudflat habitats and that mangrove proximity does not influence fish distribution at a habitat scale.
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McGregor, Steven, and Nadine A. Strydom. "The abundance, diversity and distribution of small fishes in mangrove and non-mangrove estuaries in warm temperate South Africa." Scientia Marina 82, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04744.31a.
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Mangroves in tropical and subtropical regions have been well documented in terms of the advantages they provide and their role in structuring ichthyofaunal assemblages, but little is known about their warm temperate counterparts. The study aimed to investigate the importance of warm temperate mangroves by comparing the abundance, diversity and distribution of small fishes in mangrove and non-mangrove estuaries in warm temperate South Africa. A 50x2 m (12-mm mesh) seine net was used over three summer seasons to sample small fishes in the Gonubie, Qora, Nahoon and Xhora estuaries (the latter two being mangrove estuaries). Fish abundance and diversity showed little variation among estuaries, despite the presence of mangroves. Estuaries in warm temperate areas are not only at the edge of mangrove distribution, but also offer alternative habitats which lend similar advantages to fish survival. It appears that warm temperate ichthyofauna have not yet evolved a dependence on mangrove systems in terms of the food, refuge and other ecological services they provide. Understanding the function of habitats and their value in enhancing fish survival in estuarine nursery areas is essential for fish conservation.
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Cavanaugh, Kyle C., Emily M. Dangremond, Cheryl L. Doughty, A. Park Williams, John D. Parker, Matthew A. Hayes, Wilfrid Rodriguez, and Ilka C. Feller. "Climate-driven regime shifts in a mangrove–salt marsh ecotone over the past 250 years." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 43 (October 7, 2019): 21602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902181116.
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Climate change is driving the tropicalization of temperate ecosystems by shifting the range edges of numerous species poleward. Over the past few decades, mangroves have rapidly displaced salt marshes near multiple poleward mangrove range limits, including in northeast Florida. It is uncertain whether such mangrove expansions are due to anthropogenic climate change or natural climate variability. We combined historical accounts from books, personal journals, scientific articles, logbooks, photographs, and maps with climate data to show that the current ecotone between mangroves and salt marshes in northeast Florida has shifted between mangrove and salt marsh dominance at least 6 times between the late 1700s and 2017 due to decadal-scale fluctuations in the frequency and intensity of extreme cold events. Model projections of daily minimum temperature from 2000 through 2100 indicate an increase in annual minimum temperature by 0.5 °C/decade. Thus, although recent mangrove range expansion should indeed be placed into a broader historical context of an oscillating system, climate projections suggest that the recent trend may represent a more permanent regime shift due to the effects of climate change.
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Asanopoulos, Christina H., Jeff A. Baldock, Lynne M. Macdonald, and Timothy R. Cavagnaro. "Quantifying blue carbon and nitrogen stocks in surface soils of temperate coastal wetlands." Soil Research 59, no. 6 (2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20040.
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Coastal wetlands are carbon and nutrient sinks that capture large amounts of atmospheric CO2 and runoff of nutrients. ‘Blue carbon’ refers to carbon stored within resident vegetation (e.g. mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses) and soil of coastal wetlands. This study aimed to quantify the impact of vegetation type on soil carbon stocks (organic and inorganic) and nitrogen in the surface soils (0–10 cm) of mangroves and tidal marsh habitats within nine temperate coastal blue carbon wetlands in South Australia. Results showed differences in surface soil organic carbon stocks (18.4 Mg OC ha–1 for mangroves; 17.6 Mg OC ha–1 for tidal marshes), inorganic carbon (31.9 Mg IC ha–1 for mangroves; 35.1 Mg IC ha–1 for tidal marshes), and total nitrogen (1.8 Mg TN ha–1 for both) were not consistently driven by vegetation type. However, mangrove soils at two sites (Clinton and Port Augusta) and tidal marsh soils at one site (Torrens Island) had larger soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. These results highlighted site-specific differences in blue carbon stocks between the vegetation types and spatial variability within sites. Further, differences in spatial distribution of SOC within sites corresponded with variations in soil bulk density (BD). Results highlighted a link between SOC and BD in blue carbon soils. Understanding the drivers of carbon and nitrogen storage across different blue carbon environments and capturing its spatial variability will help improve predictions of the contribution these ecosystems to climate change mitigation.
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Bulmer, R. H., C. J. Lundquist, and L. Schwendenmann. "Sediment properties and CO<sub>2</sub> efflux from intact and cleared temperate mangrove forests." Biogeosciences 12, no. 20 (October 28, 2015): 6169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6169-2015.
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Abstract. Temperate mangrove forests in New Zealand have increased in area over recent decades. Expansion of temperate mangroves in New Zealand is associated with perceived loss of other estuarine habitats, and decreased recreational and amenity values, resulting in clearing of mangrove forests. In the tropics, changes in sediment characteristics and carbon efflux have been reported following mangrove clearance. This is the first study in temperate mangrove (Avicennia marina) forests investigating the impact of clearing on sediment CO2 efflux and associated biotic and abiotic factors. Sediment CO2 efflux rates from intact (168.5 ± 45.8 mmol m−2 d−1) and cleared (133.9 ± 37.2 mmol m−2 d−1) mangrove forests in New Zealand are comparable to rates measured in tropical mangrove forests. We did not find a significant difference in sediment CO2 efflux rates between intact and cleared temperate mangrove forests. Pre-shading the sediment for more than 30 min prior to dark chamber measurements was found to have no significant effect on sediment CO2 efflux. This suggests that the continuation of photosynthetic CO2 uptake by biofilm communities was not occurring after placement of dark chambers. Rather, above-ground mangrove biomass, sediment temperature and chlorophyll a concentration were the main factors explaining the variability in sediment CO2 efflux in intact mangrove forests. The main factors influencing sediment CO2 efflux in cleared mangrove forest sites were sediment organic carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration and sediment grain size. Our results show that greater consideration should be given regarding the rate of carbon released from mangrove forest following clearance and the relative contribution to global carbon emissions.
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Alfaro, Andrea C. "Effects of mangrove removal on benthic communities and sediment characteristics at Mangawhai Harbour, northern New Zealand." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 6 (May 18, 2010): 1087–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq034.
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Abstract Alfaro, A. C. 2010. Effects of mangrove removal on benthic communities and sediment characteristics at Mangawhai Harbour, northern New Zealand. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1087–1104. The spread of mangroves at many locations in temperate northern New Zealand provides a stark contrast to the well-documented trend in mangrove forest decline recorded through the tropics and subtropics. To explore this difference, improved understanding is needed of New Zealand's mangrove ecosystems and how they respond to anthropogenic disturbance. The effect of mangrove removal on the community ecology of mangrove stands and adjacent habitats was investigated within Mangawhai Estuary, northern New Zealand, between March 2004 and September 2006. The vegetation, benthic macrofauna, and sediments were sampled within habitats (marshgrass, mangrove stands, pneumatophore zones, sandflats, and channels) at a treatment site (mangroves removed) and two undisturbed sites, before and after mangrove-removal activities. Mature mangrove habitats had less total abundance and fewer taxa than all the other habitats sampled and were dominated by pulmonate snails (Amphibola crenata) and mud crabs (Helice crassa). Whereas faunal composition varied seasonally as a result of life-history dynamics, temporal changes could be attributed to mangrove-removal activities. Mangrove eradication was followed by immediate changes in the sediment from a muddy to sandier environment, which favoured an overall increase in the abundance of crabs, snails, and bivalves. However, unexpected topographic catchment reconfigurations in late 2005 may have caused a subsequent increase in the delivery of silt and organic content to the study area and an overall decrease in faunal density in March and September 2006. The study provides direct evidence of the effect of mangroves on sediment and benthic faunal characteristics and the importance of catchment-derived imports to estuarine ecosystems.
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Mazumder, Debashish, Neil Saintilan, Fatimah M. Yusoff, and Jeffrey J. Kelleway. "Equivalence of trophic structure between a tropical and temperate mangrove ecosystem in the Indo-Pacific." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 10 (2019): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18072.
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In this study we compared ecosystem trophic structure between a tropical mangrove forest at Matang, Malaysia, and a temperate mangrove forest near mangrove poleward limits at Towra Point in south-east Australia. These forests are separated by 8500km of ocean over 45° of latitude and are of contrasting size, productivity and diversity. However, we observed a marked degree of similarity in food chain length (approximately four trophic levels in both forests), the taxonomy of key intermediate members of the food chain and the isotope signature of primary carbon sources, suggesting a strong contribution of surface organic matter rather than mangrove detritus. Common families were represented among dominant grazing herbivores, zooplanktivorous fishes, decapod crustaceans and top predators. These similarities suggest that there is some consistency in trophic interactions within two mangroves on opposite sides of the Indo-Pacific, despite a degree of evolutionary divergence in the assemblage.
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Whitt, Ashley A., Rhys Coleman, Catherine E. Lovelock, Chris Gillies, Daniel Ierodiaconou, Muvindu Liyanapathirana, and Peter I. Macreadie. "March of the mangroves: Drivers of encroachment into southern temperate saltmarsh." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 240 (August 2020): 106776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106776.
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Mazumder, Debashish, and Neil Saintilan. "Mangrove Leaves are Not an Important Source of Dietary Carbon and Nitrogen for Crabs in Temperate Australian Mangroves." Wetlands 30, no. 2 (March 3, 2010): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0021-2.
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Bishop, Melanie J., James E. Byers, Benjamin J. Marcek, and Paul E. Gribben. "Density-dependent facilitation cascades determine epifaunal community structure in temperate Australian mangroves." Ecology 93, no. 6 (June 2012): 1388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-2296.1.
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Suyadi, Jay Gao, Carolyn J. Lundquist, and Luitgard Schwendenmann. "Sources of uncertainty in mapping temperate mangroves and their minimization using innovative methods." International Journal of Remote Sensing 39, no. 1 (September 18, 2017): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1378455.
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Hyde, KD. "Intertidal fungi from warm temperate mangroves of Australia, including Tunicatispors australiensis, gen. et. sp. Nov." Australian Systematic Botany 3, no. 4 (1990): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900711.
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Decayed intertidal wood samples were collected from two warm temperate mangroves in Australia and examined for higher fungi. Twenty-five species of fungi were recorded including Tunicatispora australiensis, gen. et sp. nov. The new fungus is a typical member of the Halosphaeriaceae, with deliquescing asci, catenophyses and appendaged ascospores. Tunicatispora australiensis Hyde is illustrated at the light microscope and SEM levels, and its relationship with other members of the Halosphaeriaceae is discussed.
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Hindell, JS, and GP Jenkins. "Assessing patterns of fish zonation in temperate mangroves, with emphasis on evaluating sampling artefacts." Marine Ecology Progress Series 290 (2005): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps290193.
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Tran, Phan, Iana Gritcan, Jarrod Cusens, Andrea C. Alfaro, and Sebastian Leuzinger. "Biomass and nutrient composition of temperate mangroves (Avicennia marina var. australasica) in New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2016.1260604.
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Taillardat, Pierre, Benjamin S. Thompson, Michelle Garneau, Karelle Trottier, and Daniel A. Friess. "Climate change mitigation potential of wetlands and the cost-effectiveness of their restoration." Interface Focus 10, no. 5 (August 14, 2020): 20190129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0129.
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The cost-effective mitigation of climate change through nature-based carbon dioxide removal strategies has gained substantial policy attention. Inland and coastal wetlands (specifically boreal, temperate and tropical peatlands; tundra; floodplains; freshwater marshes; saltmarshes; and mangroves) are among the most efficient natural long-term carbon sinks. Yet, they also release methane (CH 4 ) that can offset the carbon they sequester. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on wetland carbon dynamics to (i) determine their impact on climate using different metrics and time horizons, (ii) investigate the cost-effectiveness of wetland restoration for climate change mitigation, and (iii) discuss their suitability for inclusion in climate policy as negative emission technologies. Depending on metrics, a wetland can simultaneously be a net carbon sink (i.e. boreal and temperate peatlands net ecosystem carbon budget = −28.1 ± 19.13 gC m −2 y −1 ) but have a net warming effect on climate at the 100 years time-scale (i.e. boreal and temperate peatland sustained global warming potential = 298.2 ± 100.6 gCO 2 eq −1 m −2 y −1 ). This situation creates ambivalence regarding the effect of wetlands on global temperature. Moreover, our review reveals high heterogeneity among the (limited number of) studies that document wetland carbon budgets. We demonstrate that most coastal and inland wetlands have a net cooling effect as of today. This is explained by the limited CH 4 emissions that undisturbed coastal wetlands produce, and the long-term carbon sequestration performed by older inland wetlands as opposed to the short lifetime of CH 4 in the atmosphere. Analysis of wetland restoration costs relative to the amount of carbon they can sequester revealed that restoration is more cost-effective in coastal wetlands such as mangroves (US$1800 ton C −1 ) compared with inland wetlands (US$4200–49 200 ton C −1 ). We advise that for inland wetlands, priority should be given to conservation rather than restoration; while for coastal wetlands, both conservation and restoration may be effective techniques for climate change mitigation.
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TONG, YANFENG, and SHUQIANG LI. "A new species of the genus Prethopalpus from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Oonopidae)." Zootaxa 3620, no. 4 (March 8, 2013): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3620.4.9.
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Oonopidae are very small (1–3 mm), haplogyne spiders that occur throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world (Ubick 2005). Recently, a series of papers on the Oonopidae of Hainan Island was published (Tong & Li 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012). Endowed with a wealth of natural resources that include tropical forests, mountains, mangroves, and beaches, Hainanis recognized as one of the most biologically diverse regions in the world (Ouyang et al. 2001). At present, a total of six genera and 28 species of oonopids have been recorded fromHainan (Platnick 2012).
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Bastakoti, Ujwal, Carine Bourgeois, Cyril Marchand, and Andrea C. Alfaro. "Urban-rural gradients in the distribution of trace metals in sediments within temperate mangroves (New Zealand)." Marine Pollution Bulletin 149 (December 2019): 110614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110614.
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Stevens, Philip W., Sandra L. Fox, and Clay L. Montague. "The interplay between mangroves and saltmarshes at the transition between temperate and subtropical climate in Florida." Wetlands Ecology and Management 14, no. 5 (October 2006): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-006-0006-3.
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Payán-Alcacio, Juan Ángel, Gustavo De La Cruz-Agüero, Víctor Hugo Cruz-Escalona, and Rodrigo Moncayo-Estrada. "Fish communities in high-latitude mangrove in north-western Mexico." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aiep.51.63429.
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Studying fish communities in extreme habitats is important to better understand the variation in their ranges under climatic scenarios or anthropogenic pressure. In particular, the mangroves in Baja California Sur occupy the northernmost distribution range under two extreme conditions (temperate waters and arid weather). In this context, the aim of the presently reported study was to analyze the functional characteristics of ichthyofauna in two localities, La Paz Bay (BP) and Almejas Bay (BA), which are also located in different ecoregions. For both bays, the composition and frequency values were compiled from monthly samples and the literature. Eleven functional traits were assessed from the morphology of every fish species. Functional indices (Richness, Evenness, Divergence, and Originality) were used to evaluate different aspects of the community structure. A total of 83 species were found at both sites, with 54 in BP and 50 in BA. In BP, six species were residents, eight were temporal visitors, and 36 were occasional visitors. In BA, six species were residents, 15 species were temporal visitors, and 33 were occasional visitors. At both sites, 12% of the species were permanent residents; BA had a higher percentage of temporal residents (27%), while BP had a higher percentage of occasional visitors (72%). The functional analysis detected communities with specialized traits, but in comparison to BP, BA had higher evenness in the community structure. Although greater structural complexity was expected in the community during the warm months, because of the increase in richness and attributes, BA had higher values during the cold months, which was probably because the area is a transition zone and the fish communities are adapted to colder climates. In comparison to BA, BP had higher originality values, and colder months presented higher values than warmer months. Although the mangrove sites had the same northernmost latitudinal limits and both had extreme conditions compared to those in mangroves in tropical environments, the fish communities differed in their composition, frequency, and functionality with more extreme functional traits in colder weather than in warmer weather.
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Bourgeois, Carine, Andrea C. Alfaro, Amrit Dencer-Brown, Jean Louis Duprey, Anne Desnues, and Cyril Marchand. "Stocks and soil-plant transfer of macro-nutrients and trace metals in temperate New Zealand estuarine mangroves." Plant and Soil 436, no. 1-2 (January 26, 2019): 565–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-03945-x.
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Fusi, Marco, Simone Babbini, Folco Giomi, Sara Fratini, Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, Daniele Daffonchio, Christopher David McQuaid, Francesca Porri, and Stefano Cannicci. "Thermal sensitivity of the crab Neosarmatium africanum in tropical and temperate mangroves on the east coast of Africa." Hydrobiologia 803, no. 1 (March 9, 2017): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3151-1.
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Rousseau, Jacques. "Les forêts ripariennes du Québec." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 6, no. 12 (April 12, 2005): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020379ar.
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Contrary to a popular belief, the forest is not always strictly a land habitat. The fact is well known for the Souther regions, from the Dismal Swamp of Georgia to tropical mangroves. In Northeastern America, in the temperate zone, semi-aquatic forests are also found, one type being the riparian forest of the fresh water shores of the upper St. Lawrence Valley. During the spring the surface is normally flooded, but in summer it free from water. These forests are summarily described in the accompanying paper, in relation to the normal high water level and to the river bed. In the past, these areas were hardly used, but they could support a profitable horticultural development, provided that a special technique is used, as in the case of the Dutch polder or the hortillonnageof the Amiens region.
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Sinclair, R. "Persistence of dead trees and fallen timber in the arid zone: 76 years of data from the T.G.B. Osborn Vegetation Reserve, Koonamore, South Australia." Rangeland Journal 26, no. 1 (2004): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj04008.
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Very little information is available about how long dead trees remain standing, or fallen logs persist, in the Australian arid zone. Data on dead timber longevity were extracted from records of both permanent quadrats and photopoints on the T.G.B. Osborn Vegetation Reserve on Koonamore Station, South Australia. Two species were examined, Acacia aneura (mulga) and Myoporum platycarpum (false sandalwood, sugarwood). Some individuals of mulga are capable of standing dead for over 75 years, while dead M. platycarpum may stand for over 60 years. Dead Myoporum trees remained standing for an average of 31.2 � 5.7 years, fallen trunks persisted for 38.4 � 3.7 years. Standing dead A. aneura persisted on average for 40.0 � 3.7 years, fallen trunks for 22.4� 6.3 years. These figures are almost certainly underestimates. The reasons why are discussed and some comparisons made with temperate forests and tropical mangroves.
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Stokes, Debra J., Terry R. Healy, and Penelope J. Cooke. "Expansion Dynamics of Monospecific, Temperate Mangroves and Sedimentation in Two Embayments of a Barrier-Enclosed Lagoon, Tauranga Harbour, New Zealand." Journal of Coastal Research 261 (January 2010): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/08-1043.1.
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Hindell, J. S., and G. P. Jenkins. "Spatial and temporal variability in the assemblage structure of fishes associated with mangroves ( Avicennia marina ) and intertidal mudflats in temperate Australian embayments." Marine Biology 144, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1201-x.
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Hermansen, Tyge D., David R. Britton, David J. Ayre, and Todd E. Minchinton. "Identifying the Real Pollinators? Exotic Honeybees Are the Dominant Flower Visitors and Only Effective Pollinators of Avicennia marina in Australian Temperate Mangroves." Estuaries and Coasts 37, no. 3 (October 2, 2013): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9711-3.
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Raven, John. "Blue carbon: past, present and future, with emphasis on macroalgae." Biology Letters 14, no. 10 (October 2018): 20180336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0336.
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Blue carbon did not originally include macroalgal ecosystems; however evidence is mounting that macroalgal ecosystems function in marine carbon sequestration. The great majority of present day marine macroalgal net primary productivity (NPP) involves haptophytic algae on eroding shores. For these organisms the long-term storage of particulate organic carbon involves export from the site of production of biomass that has evaded parasites and grazers, and that some of the exported biomass is sedimented and stored rather than being mineralized en route by detritivores (microbes and fauna). Export from eroding shores, and subsequent storage, of haptophytic marine macroalgal particulate organic carbon could have started by 1.6 Ga. Storage on depositing shores close to the site of NPP by rhizophytic macroalgae and then by rhizophytic coastal seagrasses, tidal marshes and mangroves began not less than 209 Ma ago. Future increases in surface ocean temperatures may bring tropical marine macroalgae to their upper temperature limit, while temperate marine macroalgae will migrate poleward, in both cases assuming that temperature increases faster than genetic adaptation to higher temperature. Increased CO 2 in the surface ocean will generally favour uncalcified over calcified marine macroalgae. This results in decreased CO 2 release from decreased calcification, as well as decreased ballasting by CaCO 3 of exported particulate organic carbon resulting in decreasing sedimentation. While much more work is needed, the available information suggests that macroalgae play a significant role in marine organic carbon storage.
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Ma, Chunlei, Bin Ai, Jun Zhao, Xiaoping Xu, and Wei Huang. "Change Detection of Mangrove Forests in Coastal Guangdong during the Past Three Decades Based on Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080921.
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Mangrove forests are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth and mainly grow at tropical and subtropical latitudes. They provide many important ecological and societal functions. However, rapid spatiotemporal variations in mangroves have been observed worldwide, especially in the coastal zones of developing areas, and the integrity of mangroves has been significantly affected by anthropogenic activities in recent decades. The goal of this study was to determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of mangrove distribution over the past 30 years in Guangdong Province. This goal was achieved by classifying multi-temporal Landsat images using a decision tree method based on Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm. The driving forces resulting in these spatiotemporal variations of mangroves were then discussed. Our analysis revealed that the classification method used in this study yielded good accuracy, with an overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of higher than 90% and 0.8, respectively. In Guangdong province, the mangrove forests covered areas of 9305, 9556, 6793, and 9700 ha in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015, respectively, with remarkable inter-annual changes. Mangrove forests are mainly located in Western Guangdong, and few are located in Eastern Guangdong. The distribution of mangrove patches became more fragmented from 1985 to 2005 and less fragmented from 2005 to 2015, and the distribution pattern in 2015 showed stronger connectivity than that in 1985. Natural factors, such as temperature, sea level rise, extreme weather events, and the length of the coastline, have macroscopic effects on the distribution of mangrove forests. Anthropogenic activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, and aquaculture development, have negative effects on the distribution of mangroves. On the other hand, the establishment of nature reserves has positive effects on the distribution of mangroves. The findings of this study provide a reference for the management and protection of mangroves, which is of great practical significance.
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Mangal, Raveena. "An Investigation of the Physical Parameters of Water Quality associated with Mangrove Stands along West Coast Berbice." Book of Abstracts: Student Research 1 (November 4, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52377/klvk5595.
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Mangroves are well known for their ability to withstand high saline conditions and survive in areas with low water quality. Studies have been conducted in some tropical and sub-tropical countries where mangroves are found. However, a study on how specific water quality parameters affect coastal mangrove stands is needed for Guyana. This study assessed the physical water quality parameters pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and temperature to determine their association with mangroves stand classifications along the West Coast of Berbice.
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Cannicci, Stefano, Shing Yip Lee, Henrique Bravo, Jaime Ricardo Cantera-Kintz, Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, Sara Fratini, Marco Fusi, et al. "A functional analysis reveals extremely low redundancy in global mangrove invertebrate fauna." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 32 (July 26, 2021): e2016913118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016913118.
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Deforestation results in habitat fragmentation, decreasing diversity, and functional degradation. For mangroves, no data are available on the impact of deforestation on the diversity and functionality of the specialized invertebrate fauna, critical for their functioning. We compiled a global dataset of mangrove invertebrate fauna comprising 364 species from 16 locations, classified into 64 functional entities (FEs). For each location, we calculated taxonomic distinctness (Δ+), functional richness (FRi), functional redundancy (FRe), and functional vulnerability (FVu) to assess functional integrity. Δ+ and FRi were significantly related to air temperature but not to geomorphic characteristics, mirroring the global biodiversity anomaly of mangrove trees. Neither of those two indices was linked to forest area, but both sharply decreased in human-impacted mangroves. About 60% of the locations showed an average FRe < 2, indicating that most of the FEs comprised one species only. Notable exceptions were the Eastern Indian Ocean and west Pacific Ocean locations, but also in this region, 57% of the FEs had no redundancy, placing mangroves among the most vulnerable ecosystems on the planet. Our study shows that despite low redundancy, even small mangrove patches host truly multifunctional faunal assemblages, ultimately underpinning their services. However, our analyses also suggest that even a modest local loss of invertebrate diversity could have significant negative consequences for many mangroves and cascading effects for adjacent ecosystems. This pattern of faunal-mediated ecosystem functionality is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of mangrove forests to anthropogenic impact and provides an approach to planning their effective conservation and restoration.
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Irsadi, Andin, Sutrisno Angggoro, and Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati. "Environmental Factors Supporting Mangrove Ecosystem in Semarang-Demak Coastal Area." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912501021.
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Since the 1990s, the Semarang-Demak coastal area experienced abrasion. To protect abrasion, there have been many attempts such as planting mangroves, in which its development has shown success. The purpose of this study was to analyze environmental factors that play a role in the growth of mangroves ecosystem in the Semarang-Demak coastal area. Mangrove data were obtained by field studies using the transect method in three coastal areas. Each station is determined by the next station with five plots of size 20 m x 20 m. Data on supporting environmental factors are measured in each area including temperature, salinity, pH, light intensity, nutrients, and rainfall. Based on the results of analysis and calculations, the order of important values from large to small is A. marina, A. alba, R. mucronata, S. casseolaris, and R. stylosa, while environmental factors still fulfill mangrove growth. However, it needs to be aware of the increase in waves and temperatures that could threaten the survival of mangroves.
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Maria, G. L., and K. R. Sridhar. "Fungal colonization of immersed wood in mangroves of the southwest coast of India." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-090.
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Patterns of fungal colonization during in situ decomposition of woody substrata of two mangrove tree species (Avicennia officinalis L. and Rhizophora mucronata Lamk.) were studied in the Udyavara mangrove forest in the west coast of India. Wood pieces detached from the terrestrial parts of trees were packed in litter bags and introduced into the mangrove habitat at low tide. Samples were retrieved at different intervals for up to 18 months. They were scanned for fungi following incubation in the laboratory for up to 6 months on a sand bath with sterile mangrove water collected on each sampling date. Temperature, pH, oxygen, and salinity of water were assessed at each sampling date to relate to the colonization of fungi on wood. Forty-five species of fungi comprising 20 ascomycetes and 25 anamor phic taxa were recovered. Aigialus mangrovei Borse, Cirrenalia pygmea Kohlm., Cirrenalia tropicalis Kohlm., Lignin cola laevis Höhnk, Lulworthia sp., Savoryella paucispora (Crib et J.W. Cribb) J. Koch, Tirispora sp., Trichocladium achrasporum (Meyers et R.T. Moore) Dixon, and Verruculina enalia (Kohlm.) Kohlm. et Volkm.-Kohlm. were the core group (frequency of occurrence, ≥10%) Avicennia officinalis wood. Aigialus mangrovei, Ascosalsum cincin natulum (Shearer et J.L. Crane) J. Campb., J.L. Anderson et Shearer, Cirrenalia pygmea, Cirrenalia tropicalis, Lul worthia grandispora Meyers, Tirispora sp., and Verruculina enalia were the core group on R. mucronata wood. On both wood types, distinct peaks were seen in richness, diversity, and core-group fungi after 2, 10, and 14 months of immersion. Avicennia officinalis yielded a higher number of fungi in most of the samples than did R. mucronata. Within 2 months, typical marine fungi replaced the terrestrial fungi on the wood because of increased salinity. The number of fungi recorded in the month of August (monsoon season) was highest. Most of the additional fungi were terrestrial fungi that colonized the wood because of a decline in salinity. The pattern of fungal colonization with respect to early, late, and persistent colonizers was similar in both types of wood. Instead of differing in fungal species, the frequency of colonization of fungi differed on Avicennia officinalis and R. mucronata wood, which indicates substrate recurrence rather than specificity.Key words: colonization, diversity, filamentous fungi, mangroves, seasonal occurrence, woody litter.
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Lugo, Ariel E., Ernesto Medina, and Kathleen McGinley. "Issues and Challenges of Mangrove conservation in the Anthropocene." Madera y Bosques 20 (December 5, 2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2014.200146.
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This essay addresses the conservation issues facing mangroves in the Anthropocene, defined as the era of human domination over the world. We review the laws, policies, international agreements, and local actions that address the conservation of mangrove forests in the Neotropics and relate them to the Anthropocene. Collaboration between governments, non-governmental organizations, and communities that depend on mangroves for their livelihood will be critical in the Anthropocene. The essay also reviews recent developments in mangrove ecology and ecophysiology that enlighten how mangroves might respond to changes in temperature and rainfall, sea level rise, and other anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Mangroves in the Anthropocene will also face changes in their species composition given the current movement of mangroves species across continental barriers as a result of human activity. These trends will lead to novel mangrove forests and in some cases expand the range of mangroves worldwide. The solution to mangrove persistence in the Anthropocene is not to isolate mangroves from people, but to regulate interactions between mangroves and humans through effective management. We will also have to expand the scope of the ecological analysis of mangrove ecosystems to include the social forces converging on the mangroves through an analytical approach that has been termed Social Ecology. Desafíos de la conservación del mangle en el Antropoceno Este ensayo aborda los problemas de conservación que enfrentan los manglares en el Antropoceno, definido como la época de la dominación humana sobre el mundo. En él repasamos las leyes, políticas, acuerdos internacionales y las acciones locales que se ocupan de la conservación de los bosques de mangle en el Neotrópico y se relacionan con el Antropoceno. La colaboración entre gobiernos, organizaciones no gubernamentales y las comunidades que dependen de los manglares para su sustento será decisiva en el Antropoceno. El ensayo también incluye comentarios sobre los avances recientes en ecología de manglares y en ecofisiología que explican cómo los manglares podrían responder a los cambios de temperatura y precipitación, el aumento del nivel del mar y otras perturbaciones naturales y antropogénicas. Los manglares en el Antropoceno también enfrentarán a cambios en su composición de especies, dado el actual movimiento de especies de manglares a través de barreras continentales como resultado de la actividad humana. Estas tendencias conducirán a nuevas formaciones de manglares y en algunos casos ampliarán la presencia de los manglares en todo el mundo. La solución a la persistencia de manglares en el Antropoceno es no aislar a los manglares de la gente, sino regular las interacciones entre los manglares y los seres humanos a través de una gestión eficaz. También tendremos que ampliar el alcance del análisis ecológico de los ecosistemas de manglar para incluir las fuerzas sociales convergentes en los manglares a través de un enfoque analítico que se ha denominado Ecología Social.
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Pangestuti, Ratih, Adane Tilahun Getachew, Evi Amelia Siahaan, and Byung Soo Chun. "Characteristics of Functional Materials Recovered from Indonesian Mangroves (Sonneratia alba and Rhizhophora mucronata) Using Subcritical Water Extraction." E3S Web of Conferences 147 (2020): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014703013.
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Mangrove is the most productive ecosystem in marine environment, as it provides a unique habitat opportunity for many marine species and key goods and services for human beings. In Indonesia, mangroves are still considered as underexploited marine resources, and functional materials from Indonesian mangroves are not characterized yet. In this study, two mangroves Sonneratia alba and Rhizhophora mucronata from Kendari, were hydrolyzed using the subcritical water extraction (SCWE) system. Three different temperature conditions (150–230 °C with 40 °C increments) were applied to obtain the best functional materials. Mangroves hydrolysate was further analyzed for total sugar, protein, phenol content. The antioxidant capacity and functional material contents varied significantly based on the sample materials and extraction conditions, with R. mucronata hydrolyzed at temperature 230 °C showing the highest antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses revealed high contain of phenolic acids in all mangroves hydrolisates especially R. mucronata fruit (RMF). Collectively, this study shows the potential of mangroves resources in Indonesia in Indonesia for different applications (food, cosmetics and pharmacy) using environmental friendly technology.
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França, Marlon C., Luiz CR Pessenda, Marcelo CL Cohen, Allana Q. de Azevedo, Neuza A. Fontes, Fernando Borges Silva, João CF de Melo, Marisa de C. Piccolo, José A. Bendassolli, and Kita Macario. "Late-Holocene subtropical mangrove dynamics in response to climate change during the last millennium." Holocene 29, no. 3 (December 11, 2018): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618816438.
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This work aims to study the impacts of climate change in the subtropical mangroves during the late-Holocene on a southern Brazilian coastal plain and discuss the environmental conditions to the mangrove establishment near the austral limit of South America mangroves. Samples were collected to study palynological groups, sedimentary facies, and geochemistry analyses (δ13C, δ15N, TOC, TN, C:N ratio, TS, and C:S ratio), synchronized with four radiocarbon ages. The main result of this research was the mangrove succession, divided into three palynological zones composing two facies association: (1) herbaceous tidal flat and (2) mangrove tidal flat. The first zone between at least ~1815 and ~1629 cal. yr BP was marked by the mangrove absence with marine particulate organic carbon, C3 terrestrial plants, and macrophytes organic matter influence with δ13C values between −26.7‰ and −20‰, δ15N values x̅ = 3.5‰ and C:N around 21.8. The second zone between ~1629 and ~853 cal. yr BP was marked by the mangrove establishment represented only by Laguncularia pollen under influence of estuarine organic matter (δ13C x̅ = −26.5‰; δ15N x̅ = 3.2‰, and C:N around 16.4). The third zone reveals an increase of Laguncularia and presence of Avicennia pollen since ~853 cal. yr BP. Near the surface (<10 cm) occurs Rhizophora pollen, indicating the establishment of this genus during the past decades, under the modern environmental condition (δ13C x̅ = −27.02‰; δ15N x̅ = 3.12‰, and C:N around 17.42). This mangrove vertical succession may be associated with the low-temperature tolerance, where the sequence Rhizophora, Avicennia, and Laguncularia occurs from the northern to the southern limits of Santa Catarina coast, respectively, reflecting the temperature gradient. Therefore, probably, the establishment of the mangrove assemblage identified along the studied pollen profile was influenced by a temperature increase of air and water during the late-Holocene and, considering the Rhizophora genus, only during the past decades.
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Saenger, P. "Mangrove vegetation: an evolutionary perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 4 (1998): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97139.
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The world-wide occurrence of mangrove vegetation and the modern floristic divergence between the Indo–Pacific and the Atlantic mangroves, can only be explained by historical processes, in that the composition of the modern mangrove flora at any one location, while subject to present-day climatic and geographical conditions, is largely relict. Although several interpretations have been offered to relate mangrove distributions to past events, none has been universally accepted. What is explored here, is that there are several historical and modern processes which in combination, have resulted in the present day distribution of mangroves. Evolutionary processes are reviewed from the fossil record and from the data on continental drift. Next, the ecological processes that are selectively acting on the various species and their distributions are examined with particular emphasis on aridity, temperature and latitudinal attentuation of species. Finally, some modern anthropogenic processes (e.g. species introductions, over-exploitation and habitat modification, afforestation) are examined in terms of their effects on mangrove distribution. As an outcome of these various processes, the modern mangrove vegetation is analysed particularly in relation to regions of endemism, vicariance among species, discontinuous distributions, hybridization and divergence. Finally, some speculation is offered in terms of future trends and evolutionary possibilities.
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Peereman, Jonathan, J. Aaron Hogan, and Teng-Chiu Lin. "Cold Wave-Induced Reductions in NDII and ChlRE for North-Western Pacific Mangroves Varies with Latitude and Climate History." Remote Sensing 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142732.
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Mangrove forests growing at the poleward edges of their geographic distribution are occasionally subject to freezing (<0 °C) and cold wave (>0 °C) events. Cold wave effects on mangrove trees are well documented and adaptation to cold stress has been reported for local mangrove populations in the North Atlantic. However, there is less understanding of effects of cold waves on mangroves in the northern Pacific, especially at the regional scale. Moreover, it is unclear if cold tolerant mangrove species of North Asia display variation in resistance to cold temperatures across their geographic distribution. Using a cold wave event that occurred in January 2021, we evaluated the effects of low temperatures on vegetation index (VI) change (relative to a recent five-year baseline) for mangrove forests dominated by Kandelia obovata (Rhizophoraceae) and Avicennia marina (Acanthaceaee) at the northern edge of their geographical range. We used two VIs derived from Sentinel-2 imagery as indicators for canopy health: the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) and the chlorophyll red-edge index (ChlRE), which reflect forest canopy water content and chlorophyll concentration, respectively. We isolated the cold wave effects on the forest canopy from phenology (i.e., cold wave induced deviation from a five-year baseline) and used multiple linear regression to identify significant climatic predictors for the response of mangrove forest canopy VI change to low temperatures. For areas where the cold wave resulted in temperatures <10 °C, immediate decreases in both VIs were observed, and the VI difference relative to the baseline was generally greater at 30-days after the cold wave than when temperatures initially recovered to baseline values, showing a slight delay in VI response to cold wave-induced canopy damage. Furthermore, the two VIs did not respond consistently suggesting that cold-temperature induced changes in mangrove canopy chlorophyll and water content are affected independently or subject to differing physiological controls. Our results confirm that local baseline (i.e., recent past) climate predicts canopy resistance to cold wave damage across K. obovata stands in the northern Pacific, and in congruence with findings from New World mangroves, they imply geographic variation in mangrove leaf physiological resistance to cold for Northern Pacific mangroves.
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Yates, K. K., C. S. Rogers, J. J. Herlan, G. R. Brooks, N. A. Smiley, and R. A. Larson. "Diverse coral communities in mangrove habitats suggest a novel refuge from climate change." Biogeosciences 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2014): 4321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4321-2014.
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Abstract. Risk analyses indicate that more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by climate change and local anthropogenic impacts by the year 2030 under "business-as-usual" climate scenarios. Increasing temperatures and solar radiation cause coral bleaching that has resulted in extensive coral mortality. Increasing carbon dioxide reduces seawater pH, slows coral growth, and may cause loss of reef structure. Management strategies include establishment of marine protected areas with environmental conditions that promote reef resiliency. However, few resilient reefs have been identified, and resiliency factors are poorly defined. Here we characterize the first natural, non-reef coral refuge from thermal stress and ocean acidification and identify resiliency factors for mangrove–coral habitats. We measured diurnal and seasonal variations in temperature, salinity, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and seawater chemistry; characterized substrate parameters; and examined water circulation patterns in mangrove communities where scleractinian corals are growing attached to and under mangrove prop roots in Hurricane Hole, St. John, US Virgin Islands. Additionally, we inventoried the coral species and quantified incidences of coral bleaching, mortality, and recovery for two major reef-building corals, Colpophyllia natans and Diploria labyrinthiformis, growing in mangrove-shaded and exposed (unshaded) areas. Over 30 species of scleractinian corals were growing in association with mangroves. Corals were thriving in low-light (more than 70% attenuation of incident PAR) from mangrove shading and at higher temperatures than nearby reef tract corals. A higher percentage of C. natans colonies were living shaded by mangroves, and no shaded colonies were bleached. Fewer D. labyrinthiformis colonies were shaded by mangroves, however more unshaded colonies were bleached. A combination of substrate and habitat heterogeneity, proximity of different habitat types, hydrographic conditions, and biological influences on seawater chemistry generate chemical conditions that buffer against ocean acidification. This previously undocumented refuge for corals provides evidence for adaptation of coastal organisms and ecosystem transition due to recent climate change. Identifying and protecting other natural, non-reef coral refuges is critical for sustaining corals and other reef species into the future.
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Yates, K. K., C. S. Rogers, J. J. Herlan, G. R. Brooks, N. A. Smiley, and R. A. Larson. "Mangrove habitats provide refuge from climate change for reef-building corals." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 5053–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-5053-2014.
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Abstract. Risk analyses indicate that more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by climate change and local anthropogenic impacts by the year 2030 under "business as usual" climate scenarios. Increasing temperatures and solar radiation cause coral bleaching that has resulted in extensive coral mortality. Increasing carbon dioxide reduces seawater pH, slows coral growth, and may cause loss of reef structure. Management strategies include establishment of marine protected areas with environmental conditions that promote reef resiliency. However, few resilient reefs have been identified, and resiliency factors are poorly defined. Here we characterize the first natural, non-reef, coral refuge from thermal stress and ocean acidification and identify resiliency factors for mangrove–coral habitats. We measured diurnal and seasonal variations in temperature, salinity, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and seawater chemistry; characterized substrate parameters; and examined water circulation patterns in mangrove communities where scleractinian corals are growing attached to and under mangrove prop roots in Hurricane Hole, St. John, US Virgin Islands. Additionally, we inventoried the coral species and quantified incidences of coral bleaching, mortality and recovery for two major reef-building corals, Colpophyllia natans and Diploria labyrinthiformis, growing in mangrove shaded and exposed (unshaded) areas. At least 33 species of scleractinian corals were growing in association with mangroves. Corals were thriving in low-light (more than 70% attenuation of incident PAR) from mangrove shading and at higher temperatures than nearby reef tract corals. A higher percentage of C. natans colonies was living shaded by mangroves, and no shaded colonies bleached. Fewer D. labyrinthiformis colonies were shaded by mangroves, however more unshaded colonies bleached. A combination of substrate and habitat heterogeniety, proximity of different habitat types, hydrographic conditions, and biological influences on seawater chemistry generate chemical conditions that buffer against ocean acidification. This previously undocumented refuge for corals provides evidence for adaptation of coastal organisms and ecosystem transition due to recent climate change. Identifying and protecting other natural, non-reef coral refuges is critical for sustaining corals and other reef species into the future.
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Boon, Paul I. "Are mangroves in Victoria (south-eastern Australia) already responding to climate change?" Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 12 (2017): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17015.
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The distribution and productivity of mangroves is directly affected by a wide range of climatic drivers, including temperature, frost, rainfall, evaporation and storm activity, which, in turn, influence a suite of secondary drivers, including changes in freshwater run-off and sediment supply, groundwater dynamics and inter-species competitiveness. The highest-latitude expression of mangroves globally is at Millers Landing, Victoria (38°45′S), and because the vigour and productivity of mangroves across much of Victoria is thought to be limited by low winter temperatures and the incidence and severity of frosts, it is likely that mangroves will be among the first plant communities to be affected by climate change in coastal south-eastern Australia. An increase in plant vigour is likely, but there are almost no historical data with which to compare current rates of primary production. An extension of mangroves to higher latitudes on the mainland is impossible because of the geomorphology of the land that lies further to the south. Small-scale changes in distribution, including the progressive encroachment of mangroves into coastal saltmarsh, are likely to be among the clearest indications of the response of mangroves to a warming climate. Increased effort into tracking changes in mangrove vigour, productivity and distribution is clearly warranted.
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Ximenes, Arimatéa, Leandro Ponsoni, Catarina Lira, Nico Koedam, and Farid Dahdouh-Guebas. "Does Sea Surface Temperature Contribute to Determining Range Limits and Expansion of Mangroves in Eastern South America (Brazil)?" Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2018): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111787.
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Low Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is a climate barrier because it may inhibit and reduce seedling growth of mangrove propagules upon dispersal through seawater. Our objective is to analyze the spatio-temporal series of daily SST data from the Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution (MUR)-SST in order to identify the occurrence of chilling events for mangrove plants at the Eastern South America mangrove limit and beyond. We focus our study on three key sites: (i) the Rhizophora mangle L. distribution limit (Praia do Sonho: 27°53′S), (ii) the Eastern South America mangrove limit (Laguna: 28°30′S) and (iii) one beyond mangrove areas, in Araranguá (28°55′S). Our results show that, in Araranguá, chilling events are more intense and occur more frequently than in the other two sites that have a mangrove cover. We conclude that, the chilling events of SST may play a role in restricting mangroves within their actual limits. In this sense, higher occurrences of chilling events of SST could be an explanation for the absence of R. mangle in Laguna. However, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn. was reported to be tolerant to low temperatures, and yet it is absent from the southernmost study site. This may be an indication of the role of other factors than SST in determining a mangrove range expansion, such as dispersal constraints.
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Beserra de Lima, Nádia Gilma, and Emerson Galvani. "Mangrove Microclimate: A Case Study from Southeastern Brazil." Earth Interactions 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2012ei000464.1.
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Abstract A mangrove is a transitional coastal ecosystem between marine and terrestrial environments that is characterized by salinity and constant tidal flooding. Mangroves contain plant communities that are adapted to several physical constraints, including the climate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the variations in climatic attributes (air temperature, relative air humidity, global solar radiation, wind, and rainfall) in the mangroves located in the municipality of Iguape, on the southern coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In addition, it was determined whether the existing variation is related to the presence of the canopy environment. A microclimate tower was installed with two weather stations to obtain an analysis of the variation of the climatic attributes above and below the canopy. The results indicate that global solar radiation had an average transmissivity of 26.8%. The air temperature at 10 m was higher than that at the sensor at 2 m. The average rainfall interception for the mangrove environment was 19.6%. Both the maximum gust and average wind speed decreased by approximately 63.7% at 2 m. The mangrove canopy was found to be an important control on the variation of climatic attributes. On a microclimatic scale, the climate attributes had a direct influence on the spatial distribution of vegetation. Additionally, characteristics of the canopy are the main control for this variation, especially for the distribution of rainfall and the amount of solar radiation below the canopy, which influence the distribution of plant species in the environment.
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Ball, MC, IR Cowan, and GD Farquhar. "Maintenance of Leaf Temperature and the Optimisation of Carbon Gain in Relation to Water Loss in a Tropical Mangrove Forest." Functional Plant Biology 15, no. 2 (1988): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9880263.
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Properties and display of foliage were studied in relation to gas exchange characteristics of tropical mangrove species. Rates of assimilation of CO2 were maximal at leaf temperatures of approximately 30°C. The species operated with higher water use efficiencies than do most C3 species, and water-use characteristics became increasingly conservative with increase in the salinity tolerance of the species. Changes in three properties of leaves, i.e. inclination, area, and succulence, contributed to maintenance of leaf temperatures near air temperatures with minimal evaporative cooling. Interspecific differences in water-use characteristics, and their relationship to the maintenance of favourable leaf temperatures, could affect the competitive abilities of mangroves and the structure of mangrove forests.
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Sumarmi, Sumarmi, Purwanto Purwanto, and Syamsul Bachri. "Spatial Analysis of Mangrove Forest Management to Reduce Air Temperature and CO2 Emissions." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148090.
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Surabaya is a coastal city that is still developing. Like other developing cities, Surabaya highly suppresses mangrove forests for residential, industrial, and other areas. Mangrove forests supply oxygen for the population of Surabaya. Forest mangroves reduce the effects of global warming and preserve sustainable coastal ecosystems. This research aimed to (1) map temperature changes in Surabaya over a period of 20 years (1996–2016) by using remote sensing and GIS, and (2) examine mangrove forests’ ability to absorb CO2 and decrease the impact of global warming in Surabaya. Research results showed that: (1) on the basis of the analysis of the temperature surface area, temperatures changed significantly between 1996 and 2016. Temperature changes can be classified into low, moderate, or high. The low-temperature area of 21–30 °C followed a different pattern. Each year, changes in the high-surface-temperature area were in the range of 31–42 °C. Changes highly increased in the period of 2006–2016. This indicates that Surabaya experienced a significant temperature increase in 2016. (2) There was correlation between the change in mangrove forest cover and the change in temperature; CO2 concentration in mangrove, vegetation, and water areas decreased as it grew in areas used for construction, such as factories, residences, and roads. CO2 concentration in Surabaya showed a distribution in the “high” and “extremely high” categories. The high category was 27.5%, and the extremely high category was 67.5%. The sample point in both the moderate and low category was around 25%.
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Afefe, Abdelwahab A., Abdel-Hamid A. Khedr, Mohamed S. Abbas, and Amira Sh Soliman. "Responses and Tolerance Mechanisms of Mangrove Trees to the Ambient Salinity along the Egyptian Red Sea Coast." Limnological Review 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2021-0001.
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Abstract Due to the importance of mangrove forests to the ecological system, environment, climate change adaptation, mitigation and ecosystem services, it is necessary to understand the status of the mangroves in Egypt (ecology and physiology). The present study aimed to obtain the basic information needed to evaluate the photosynthetic pigments and proline mechanisms of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata mangrove to the ambient salinity. The results reached that the free proline accumulated appreciably in leaves. The functional role of proline accumulation appears to be as a cytoplasmic osmoticum to lower cell water potential, provide hydration to bipolymer and serve as an energy source under high salinity environmental conditions. Mangroves showed variations in proline content between the two species. The highest value of proline was recorded 23.56 mg/g dry wt for R. mucronata and the minimum value was recorded 17 mg/g dry wt for A. marina. In addition, the mean value of proline was recorded 18.57 mg/g dry wt for A. marina and 23.98 mg/g dry wt for R. mucronata. The contents of chlorophyll-a in different analyzed mangroves was ranged from 4.46 to 6.05 mg/gf.wt. for A. marina, and from 3.69 to 4.29 mg/gf.wt. for R. mucronata. In addition, the chlorophyll-b content was ranged from 1.46 to 1.83 mg/gf.wt. for A. marina, and from 1.27 to 1.65 mg/gf.wt. for R. mucronata. The carotenoids contents in mangroves ranged from 2.94 to 2.29 mg/gf.wt for A. marina and from 2.04 to 2.09 mg/gf.wt for R. mucronata. In the present study, A. marina was relatively more tolerant and adapted to salinity, low rainfall and extreme temperature conditions than R. mucronata. This explains the more significant local distribution of A. marina in Egypt compared to R. mucronata.
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Tiara, Ahlul Ryntan, I. S. Banuwa, R. Qurniati, and S. B. Yuwono. "PENGARUH KERAPATAN MANGROVE TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR SUMUR DI DESA SIDODADI KABUPATEN PESAWARAN." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 5, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v5i2.4362.
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The mangrove in a complex ecosystem has the important role for the environment. One of its ecological role is the barrier of sea water intrusion. The mangrove has the ability to filter seawater entering the mainland so that water entering the mainland can be more fresh. This study aims to determine the effect of mangrove density and distance to well water quality as well as to know the interaction between mangrove density with distance to the quality of well water in Sidodadi village. This research is arranged factorially in randomized block design. The result showed that pH, electric conductivity, total dissolved solid, and salinity of well water are significantly influenced by mangrove density, well distance to mangrove and interaction between them. While dissolved oxygen (dissolved oxygen) and well water temperature are not significantly influenced by mangrove density, well distance to mangrove and interaction between them.Keywords: mangroves density, groundwater qualityKeberadaan mangrove sebagai sebuah ekosistem yang kompleks memiliki peran yang penting bagi lingkungan sekitarnya. Salah satu peran ekologis mangrove bagi lingkungan adalah sebagai penahan intrusi air laut. Mangrove memiliki kemampuan memfilter air laut yang masuk ke daratan sehingga air yang masuk ke daratan dapat lebih tawar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh kerapatan mangrove dan jarak terhadap kualitas air sumur serta mengetahui adanya interaksi antara kerapatan mangrove dengan jarak terhadap kualitas air sumur di Desa Sidodadi. Penelitian pengaruh kerapatan mangrove dan jarak dari garis pantai terhadap kualitas air sumur disusun secara faktorial dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pH, daya hantar listrik, total dissolved solid, dan salinitas air sumur nyata dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan mangrove, jarak sumur ke mangrove dan interaksi diantara keduanya. Sedangkan dissolved oxygen (oksigen terlarut) dan suhu air sumur tidak nyata dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan mangrove, jarak sumur ke mangrove dan interaksi diantara keduanya.Kata kunci: kerapatan mangrove, kualitas air sumur
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A Sabri, N., and H. R Singh. "Distribution and Abundance of the Onchidiidae of the Coastal Mangroves of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27473.
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The Onchidiidae family is ideal for studying the biodiversity of marine invertebrate species from sea to wetland environments. However, biodiversity studies of Onchidiidae species are rare. This study aimed to determine the distribution and abundance of the Onchidiidae from the coastal mangroves of the Selangor, west coast of Peninsular Malaysia by utilising the quadrat sampling method. A total of 647 specimens from six taxa (Family: Onchidiidae) were recorded from eight fringing coastal mangroves in Selangor coast. The most abundant taxa was Platevindex coriaceum (35.08%), followed by Peronina alta (28.13%), Platevindex luteum (16.85%), Platevindex sp. (14.68%), Onchidium tumidum (3.71%), and Onchidium typhae (1.55%). P. alta was most abundant within <10 m distance from the water body (18.75%), Platevindex sp. (5.86%) within 10 – 20 m, P. coriaceum (10.16%) and O. typhae (1.76%) was highly distributed within 20 – 30 m, while P. luteum was most concentrated within 40 – 50 m from the water body. Onchidiidae was mostly abundant within <0.2 m from the mangrove floor where they were usually found on the mud, debris, mangrove tree roots and dead logs. The mean density for Onchidiidae at the fringing coastal mangroves in Selangor was 0.18 ± 0.03 no/m2 and P. alta recorded the highest density (mean = 0.47 ± 0.14 no/m2, total = 0.93 no/m2). The principal components analysis (PCA) showed that four geomorphological parameters (mud floor, debris floor, tree, and dead logs) and five physicochemical parameters (temperature, humidity, precipitation, salinity, and pH) determined the distribution of six Onchidiidae taxa in the Selangor coastal area.
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Tiolong, Gerardus M., Antonius P. Rumengan, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Farnis B. Boneka, N. Gustaf Mamangkey, and Christine Kondoy. "ESTIMASI KARBON VEGETASI MANGROVE DI KELURAHAN PINTU KOTA KECAMATAN LEMBEH UTARA KOTA BITUNG." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 7, no. 2 (July 17, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.7.2.2019.24215.
Full textAbstract:
Global warming is one of the issues in the world today, marked by an increase in the temperature of the earth which is directly related to greenhouse gases. Mangrove forest is one of the potential parameters to be studied from the Blue Carbon ecosystem. Estimates of carbon storage in mangrove forests are so large that it is important to calculate carbon stock estimates in mangrove vegetation. This study aims to estimate the carbon content of mangrove trees in the Pintu Kota Village, North Lembeh District, Bitung City. The method used in this research activity is the Line Transect method. Biomass calculation of mangrove trees, using allometric equations. Based on the results of the study after identified mangroves in Pintu Kota Village there were 4 types of mangroves, which consisted of, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Soneratia alba. The highest total value of the highest biomass was found at station (2) with a value of 124.01 tons / ha, then at station (3) at 99.02 tons / ha. While the lowest biomass results are at station (1) of 84.15 tons / ha. sehinggah the estimation results of the highest potential carbon content is at the station (2) with a value of 58.29 tons C / ha then at station (3) of 46.54 tons C / ha, while the estimated yield of the lowest carbon content is also found at the station ( 1) with a value of 39.55 tons C / ha.Keywords: Carbon, mangrove, Pintu Kota Village, Bitung City Pemanasan global merupakan salah satu isu di dunia saat ini, ditandai dengan adanya peristiwa meningkatnya suhu bumi yang terkait langsung dengan gas-gas rumah kaca. Hutan mangrove merupakan salah satu potensi yang menjadi parameter untuk dikaji dari ekosistem Blue Carbon. Perkiraan penyimpanan karbon pada hutan mangrove begitu besar sehingga penting untuk menghitung estimasi simpanan karbon pada vegetasi mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengestimasi kandungan karbon pohon mangrove yang ada di Kelurahan Pintu Kota Kecamatan Lembeh Utara Kota Bitung. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan penelitian ini ialah metode transek garis (Line Transect ). Penghitungan biomassa pohon mangrove, menggunakan persamaan allometrik. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian setelah diindentifikasi mangrove di Kelurahan Pintu Kota terdapat 4 jenis mangrove, yang terdiri dari, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza dan Soneratia alba. Diperoleh hasil total nilai rata-rata biomassa yang tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun (2) dengan nilai 124,01 ton/ha, kemudian pada stasiun (3) sebesar 99,02 ton/ha. Sedangkan hasil biomassa terendah terdapat pada stasiun (1) sebesar 84,15 ton/ha. sehinggah hasil estimasi potensi kandungan karbon yang tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun (2) dengan nilai 58,29 ton C/ha kemudian pada stasiun (3) sebesar 46,54 ton C/ha, sedangkan hasil estimasi potensi kandungan karbon terendah juga terdapat pada stasiun (1) dengan nilai 39,55 ton C/ha.Kata kunci: Karbon, mangrove, Kelurahan Pintu Kota, Kota Bitung.
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Win, Soe. "Vegetative structure and zonal distribution of true mangroves in Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas, Myanmar." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 10, no. 1 (2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2021.10.00305.
Full textAbstract:
The survey was conducted in the mangrove forests around the Magyi and Utto Creeks at Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas in Ayeyarwady Delta region, April 2018. Transect lines were laid as lower, middle and upper, and quadrate plots based on Point Center Quarter Method (PCQM) P-DATA PRO were used. A total of 15 species of true mangrove was recorded. Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorhiza are the most dominant and distributed species in the study area. Followed by Bruguiera sexangulata, Cerop tagal and Rhizophora mucronata then remaining species. Zonation pattern of mangroves species as lower, middle, upper was also examined in study areas. Among than 1 species in Near Threaten (NT), 1 species in Critically Endangered (CR), 1 species in Endangered (EN) and remaining species are Least Concern (LC) had been considered according with IUCN red list. The environmental parameters such as water salinity and temperature, soil salinity, soil temperature and soil pH of study area were also recorded.