Journal articles on the topic 'Temperate fish species'
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1
Kim, Sun W., Mooyong Chung, and Heung-sik Park. "Tropical fish species thriving in temperate Korean waters." Marine Biodiversity 45, no. 2 (June 15, 2014): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-014-0247-y.
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Fitch, N. A. "Lactate dehydrogenases in antarctic and temperate fish species." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 91, no. 4 (January 1988): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(88)90190-3.
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Montgomery, J. C., and J. A. Macdonald. "Oculomotor function at low temperature: antarctic versus temperate fish." Journal of Experimental Biology 117, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.117.1.181.
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The peripheral oculomotor system can be modelled as a first order linear system (Montgomery, 1983), and hence specified by its characteristic frequency and ‘d.c.’ gain. These parameters can be determined by recording eye movements produced by stimulation of the abducens nerve with sinusoidally modulated pulse trains, and compare well with those independently derived from the relationship between motoneurone firing and spontaneous eye movement. Characteristic frequency and gain of the peripheral oculomotor system were determined for two species of antarctic teleost and one temperate species, to examine temperature compensation within a complete motor output pathway. Compared with low temperature function in temperate fish, the characteristic frequency is clearly temperature compensated in antarctic fish, which explains in part the observed temperature compensation of their rapid eye movement. The ‘d.c.’ gain of the peripheral oculomotor system is inversely related to temperature, providing an automatic compensation for possible reductions in central nervous system output and sensory gain at low temperature.
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Sparholt, Henrik, and Robin M. Cook. "Sustainable exploitation of temperate fish stocks." Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 9, 2009): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0516.
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The theory of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) underpins many fishery management regimes and is applied principally as a single species concept. Using a simple dynamic biomass production model we show that MSY can be identified from a long time series of multi-stock data at a regional scale in the presence of species interactions and environmental change. It suggests that MSY is robust and calculable in a multispecies environment, offering a realistic reference point for fishery management. Furthermore, the demonstration of the existence of MSY shows that it is more than a purely theoretical concept. There has been an improvement in the status of stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, but our analysis suggests further reductions in fishing effort would improve long-term yields.
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Colby, Peter J., Philip A. Ryan, Dennis H. Schupp, and Steven L. Serns. "Interactions in North-Temperate Lake Fish Communities." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, S2 (December 19, 1987): s104—s128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-314.
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Several species interrelationships influenced by actural or preceived disturbances were described which managers should consider when manipulating fish populations and communities. For example, factors controlling homeostasis of adult northern pike (Esox lucius) and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) in northern lakes may still operate despite walleye reductions, suggesting less niche overlap than we previously expected. In more northern centrarchid type communities, percid abundance and condition depend on how well northern pike and other predators control both white sucker and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) abundance. Evidence from walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) fry and fingerling plantings suggest that when intense interactions between species determine their abundance, these interactions occur during the very early life stages. Climatic changes may also be influential in determining abundance of several fish species common in north-temperate lakes. Rehabilitation of preferred species by removal of less desirable fishes can be successful in some ecosystems, but we warn that an undesirable compensatory response may also occur.
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Payne, Nicholas Leslie, and Bronwyn May Gillanders. "Assemblages of fish along a mangrove - mudflat gradient in temperate Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08124.
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Mangroves are considered to support rich assemblages of fish and invertebrates. Fishes inhabiting mangrove habitats and at various distances from mangroves across mudflats were sampled to: (1) compare fish assemblages between habitats; and (2) determine the influence of mangrove proximity on fish abundance and diversity in three southern Australian estuaries between November 2005 and January 2006. Based on their distribution, fish species were classified as mangrove residents, mudflat residents, generalists or rare species. The assemblage structure of fish in mangroves differed from assemblages 500 m away; however, neither total abundance nor species richness differed significantly between mangroves and mudflats. Mangrove residents and Aldrichetta forsteri (yellow-eyed mullet) displayed strong associations with mangrove habitats, whereas mudflat residents were associated with mudflat habitats. No other fish groups or individual species occurred in higher abundances in either habitat. Total fish abundance, mangrove residents and A. forsteri were positively correlated with pneumatophore density, indicating that the structural complexity of the mangroves might influence the distributions of certain fish species. The current study demonstrated that mangrove habitats in temperate Australia support no greater abundance or diversity of fish than adjacent mudflat habitats and that mangrove proximity does not influence fish distribution at a habitat scale.
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Griffiths, Shane P. "Spatial and temporal dynamics of temperate Australian rockpool ichthyofaunas." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 2 (2003): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02102.
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Spatial and temporal variation, and factors influencing the structure of intertidal rockpool fish assemblages were quantitatively investigated at three large rocky headlands in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia. A total of 5244 fish from 46 species, mainly permanent intertidal residents from the families Clinidae, Blenniidae, Tripterygiidae, Gobiidae, Gobiesocidae and Girellidae, was caught in the rockpools. Numbers of species and individuals and dominance patterns of species showed significant variability within locations, possibly in response to variations in rockpool tidal height and volume, or environmental variables, such as temperature and dissolved oxygen. Species composition also differed among locations, probably as a result of availability of different habitats at each location, which may be preferred by different species. Fish assemblage structure was stable and persistent through time, presumably because rockpools are colonized only by species suitably adapted to the dynamic intertidal environment. Temporal variability in the abundance of some common species occurred during summer and autumn, mainly owing to recruitment of resident fishes. Directions for future research are given, which may contribute to an understanding of the processes that underpin these patterns.
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Jelbart, Jane E., Pauline M. Ross, and Rod M. Connolly. "Patterns of small fish distributions in seagrass beds in a temperate Australian estuary." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 5 (October 2007): 1297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407053283.
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Beds of the seagrass Zostera capricorni are an integral part of the estuarine landscape along the east coast of Australia, forming an important habitat for juvenile fish. Seagrass beds can vary in their size, shape and patchiness of seagrass cover as well as their distance from the estuary mouth. We tested for a correlation between these features and small fish assemblages in seagrass. Fifteen beds were selected from three size-categories (small, 980 to 2300 m2; medium, 3375 to 4090 m2; and large, 5335 to 6630 m2). We found that the size of beds, the patchiness of seagrass cover and location within the estuary (distance from estuary mouth) were all related to differences in fish assemblages. There were greater densities of fish species in small (10.3 ±0.79 species .net-1) compared to medium (7.6 ±0.6) and large (8.2 ±0.5) beds. This occurred regardless of bed placement within the estuary, its patchiness or time of sampling (day and night). The fish assemblages within seagrass beds also changed as bed distance to estuary mouth increased. Six species had greater densities in beds closer to the estuary mouth, while only two species were in greater densities far from the mouth. Fish assemblages were different between beds with patchy and continuous cover, although total densities of all fish species combined were similar. There were greater densities of four species in continuous beds compared to two species that were greater in patchy beds. Overall, an important finding was that even small patchy seagrass beds contain greater densities of small fish species than larger beds with continuous seagrass cover.
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Pegg, Mark A., and Ronald M. Taylor. "Fish species diversity among spatial scales of altered temperate rivers." Journal of Biogeography 34, no. 3 (March 2007): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01624.x.
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Palmerini, Carlo Alberto, Michela Mazzoni, Giancarlo Giovinazzo, and Giuseppe Arienti. "Blood Lipids in Antarctic and in Temperate-Water Fish Species." Journal of Membrane Biology 230, no. 3 (August 2009): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00232-009-9192-2.
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Poulard, Jean-Charles, and Fabian Blanchard. "The impact of climate change on the fish community structure of the eastern continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay." ICES Journal of Marine Science 62, no. 7 (January 1, 2005): 1436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.04.017.
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Abstract Many fish species are at the southern or northern limit of their distribution range in the Bay of Biscay, where large-scale hydroclimatic changes have occurred in recent decades. We attempt here to identify the impact of these changes on the fish community of the eastern continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay. Data collected during 14 autumn groundfish surveys in 1973 and from 1987 to 2002 are used. The study area is between latitudes 48°30′N and 43°30′N while the depth ranges from 15 to 200 m. Annual abundance indices (number of individuals per km2) of 56 fish taxa present on average in at least 5% of the tows are computed. Multivariate analysis is used to detect temporal trends in these species' abundance indices. Assuming that increased water temperature may favour subtropical species and hinder temperate ones, knowledge about the latitudinal distribution range is used to interpret time trends. Results show an increasing abundance trend with time for fish species having a wide distribution range in latitude (mainly subtropical ones), whereas the abundance of temperate and the least widely distributed species decreased steadily.
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Almirón, Adriana E., Mirta L. García, Roberto C. Menni, Lucila C. Protogino, and Lia C. Solari. "Fish ecology of a seasonal lowland stream in temperate South America." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 3 (2000): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98040.
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El Pescado (literally ‘the fish’) is a lowland stream in the pampean plain, entering the Rio de La Plata at 35˚55¢S,57˚45¢W, 70 km SW of the city of Buenos Aires. The stream develops as a potamon with variable flood frequency along its 36 km length. The water is slightly soft, with relatively high conductivity and dominance of HCO–3 , Na + and Cl – ions. Three fish families, Characidae (29%), Pimelodidae (14.6%) and Loricariidae (12.8%) are most abundant among 55 species. Differences in species composition among four stations with different environmental traits were observed. Flooding slightly affected the fish fauna. In open-water and rocky-bottom stations, both species number and number of individuals were correlated with conductivity, an indication of the decrease of fish density with floods. Species richness was well over worldwide means. Diversity values, higher than in small tropical streams in Venezuela and southern Brazil, ranged from 0.32 to 2.59, being higher during autumn and spring. The stream has a high persistence, with the composition of the fish community maintained or recovering as soon as flooding ends. One Synbranchus marmoratus specimen was found among rocks, the first record of this behaviour for the species.
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MacRae, Pamela SD, and Donald A. Jackson. "Characterizing north temperate lake littoral fish assemblages: a comparison between distance sampling and minnow traps." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-240.
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To determine which sampling method may be best employed to monitor changes in fish species composition in littoral areas of small north temperate lakes (≤50 ha), data were collected using distance sampling, based on the line transect method, and a traditional fish sampling method of baited minnow traps. These methods were independently biased in terms of their estimates of species presence and abundance. However, analyses of fish community structure indicated that minnow trap data alone provided a better measure of community structure than did distance sampling data alone. Distance sampling, although a powerful tool in estimating population density, is hindered by a multitude of environmental variables that do not preclude the use of minnow traps. Lakes with clear water containing few species with abundant individuals are best suited for distance sampling. Minnow traps proved to be a fast, efficacious sampling method capable of fairly accurately defining the littoral small-fish community structure in most lakes sampled. These traps are a reliable method for monitoring presence or absence and relative abundance of small-bodied fish species in north temperate lakes. However, the combination of minnow traps and some form of visual sampling will help to ensure that all species are detected in small north temperate lakes.
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Wroblewski, Joseph S., Leanne K. Kryger-Hann, David A. Methven, and Richard L. Haedrich. "The fish fauna of Gilbert Bay, Labrador: a marine protected area in the Canadian subarctic coastal zone." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 2 (April 2007): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407054136.
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The Marine Protected Area in Gilbert Bay, Labrador is the first established in the subarctic coastal zone of eastern Canada. A standardized survey of the fish fauna of Gilbert Bay was initiated during the ice-free season of 2004 to provide baseline information on the fish present in water less than 15 m deep. Beach seines and gill-nets sampled three management zones within the bay which are afforded different levels of protection from human activity. The 25 species in 15 families recorded belong to five ecological guilds: (1) estuarine and marine fish resident in the bay; (2) anadromous species transiting the bay; (3) marine species which migrate into the bay to spawn; (4) offshore-spawning marine fish for which the bay is a nursery area; and (5) marine species which occasionally migrate into the bay to feed. Gilbert Bay lies in a transition zone between Arctic and cold-temperate biogeographical provinces, and its fish fauna is dissimilar from a cold-temperate fish assemblage described for Trinity Bay in eastern Newfoundland.
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BLYTH-SKYRME, ROBERT E., MICHEL J. KAISER, JAN G. HIDDINK, GARETH EDWARDS-JONES, and PAUL J. B. HART. "Conservation Benefits of Temperate Marine Protected Areas: Variation among Fish Species." Conservation Biology 20, no. 3 (June 2006): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00345.x.
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West, J. L., J. R. Bailey, VMF Almeida-Val, A. L. Val, B. D. Sidell, and W. R. Driedzic. "Activity levels of enzymes of energy metabolism in heart and red muscle are higher in north-temperate-zone than in Amazonian teleosts." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-016.
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Fish living in the Amazon basin typically have body temperatures of about 30°C, whereas freshwater fishes of the north-temperate zone are eurythermal, with typical body temperatures of 10-20°C in summer. Enzyme activity levels in heart and red muscle of Amazonian species, which display various physiological mechanisms for dealing with hypoxic conditions, were compared with those in north-temperate-zone species. Five Amazonian species (acará-açu (Astronotus ocellatus), acari-bodó (Lipossarcus pardalis), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), tamoatá (Hoplosternum littorale), and pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)) and four north-temperate-zone species (American eel, bullhead, yellow perch, and rainbow trout) were studied. The Amazonian species included obligate and facultative air breathers. Activities of key indicator enzymes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, the citric acid cycle, and the electron-transport chain were determined. There was no obvious correlation between cardiac enzyme activity levels and the potential ability of fish to maintain blood oxygen levels in hypoxic water or the capacity of isolated heart preparations to survive anoxia. In heart, activity levels of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, cytochrome oxidase, and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase were about twice as high in north-temperate-zone species than in Amazonian species. Activities of red-muscle enzymes, especially those associated with aerobic fatty acid metabolism, were significantly higher in comparable north-temperate-zone species relative to Amazonian species. Increased enzyme activity levels in north-temperate-zone species relative to Amazonian species is considered to be an adaptation to generally lower body temperatures. This finding is consistent with earlier comparisions of Antarctic and north-temperate-zone species and with the results of studies of cold acclimation within north-temperate-zone fishes.
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Poiesz, SSH, JIJ Witte, and HW van der Veer. "Only a few key prey species fuel a temperate coastal fish food web." Marine Ecology Progress Series 653 (October 29, 2020): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13472.
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The food web structure of a coastal fish community (western Dutch Wadden Sea) was studied based on stomach content data from samples collected between 2010 and 2018. In total, 54 fish species were caught and 72 different prey items were identified. Fish species consumed from only a few up to >30 different prey species, suggesting the presence of both opportunistic and more specialized feeders. We found no significant differences between years or switches in food source with fish size. The trophic positions of the Wadden Sea fish community ranged from 2.0 to 4.7, with most trophic positions above 3.0. In the past, (near)-resident species were the most abundant guild in spring, and juvenile marine migrants in autumn. At present, all guilds are present in similar but low abundances. The (near)-resident community consisted of about 20 species that fed primarily on amphipod crustaceans, brown shrimps and juvenile herring. There was only a slight overlap in diet with the group of juvenile marine migrants (5 species of juvenile flatfishes and clupeids), whose preferred prey were copepods, polychaetes and brown shrimps. About 15 species of marine seasonal visitors showed an overlap in diet with both the (near)-resident and the juvenile marine migrants, especially for brown shrimps and to a lesser extent herring and gobies. Our results illustrate (1) the pivotal position of a few key prey species (amphipod crustaceans, brown shrimps, juvenile herring and gobies) for the coastal Wadden Sea fishes and (2) that the substantial prey overlap in the diet of some predators cannot exclude intra- and inter-specific competition among these predators.
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Beldade, R., K. Erzini, and E. J. Gonçalves. "Composition and temporal dynamics of a temperate rocky cryptobenthic fish assemblage." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 5 (August 25, 2006): 1221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406014226.
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Temporal variation in a temperate cryptobenthic fish assemblage at the Arrábida Marine Park (Portugal) was assessed by visual surveys during 2002 and 2003. A total of 9596 fish from 11 families and 30 species was recorded. There were no changes in structure or density at the assemblage level between years, whereas diversity changed significantly due to a higher number of abundant species in the second year. A similar seasonal trend was found between years, with a significant overall density increase in autumn. This is partially explained by the arrival of new recruits of some of the most abundant species in the assemblage. Assemblage diversity and structure also changed across seasons. A group of species encompassing Gobius xanthocephalus, Tripterygion delaisi, Parablennius pilicornis, Gobius paganellus, Lepadogaster candollii and Lepadogaster spp. were analysed in detail. The temporal patterns of two of the most abundant species, G. xanthocephalus and T. delaisi, mimicked the overall temporal patterns of the assemblage. We suggest that the inter-annual stability in density of this subtidal fish assemblage may be similar to what has been reported for the intertidal and that strong post-settlement processes are probably shaping this assemblage.
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Gehrke, Peter C., and John H. Harris. "Large-scale patterns in species richness and composition of temperate riverine fish communities, south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 2 (2000): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99061.
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Riverine fish in New South Wales were studied to examine longitudinal trends in species richness and to identify fish communities on a large spatial scale. Five replicate rivers of four types (montane, slopes, regulated lowland and unregulated lowland) were selected from North Coast, South Coast, Murray and Darling regions. Fishwere sampled during summer and winter in two consecutive years with standardized gear that maximized the range of species caught. The composition of fish communities varied among regions and river types, with little temporal variation. Distinct regional communities converged in montane reaches and diverged downstream. The fish fauna can be classified into North Coast, South Coast, Murray and Darling communities, with a distinct montane community at high elevations irrespective of the drainage division. Species richness increased downstream in both North Coast and South Coast regions by both replacement and the addition of new species. In contrast, species richness in the Darling and Murray regions reached a maximum in the slopes reaches and then declined, reflecting a loss of species in lowland reaches. The small number of species is typical of the freshwater fish faunas of similar climatic regions world-wide. Fish communities identified in this study form logical entities for fisheries management consistent with the ecosystem-focused, catchment-based approach to river management and water reform being adopted in Australia.
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Sumarto, Bayu K. A., Hirozumi Kobayashi, Ryo Kakioka, Rieko Tanaka, Ken Maeda, Hau D. Tran, Noriyuki Koizumi, et al. "Latitudinal variation in sexual dimorphism in a freshwater fish group." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 898–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa166.
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Abstract Tropical animals are characterized by showy ornaments and conspicuous body colours as compared with their temperate relatives. Some recent studies have hypothesized that sexual selection pressures are stronger in the tropics than in the temperate zone. Although negative correlations between latitude and the degree of sexual dimorphism would support this hypothesis, phylogeny should be taken into account in such comparative studies. Comparisons of the degree of sexual dimorphism in body size and fin lengths among species of the Adrianichthyidae, a freshwater fish family having a wide geographical range throughout Southeast and East Asia, revealed that lower latitude species are sexually more dimorphic in all characters than higher latitude species. Phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses using a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny demonstrated that the negative correlations between latitude and the degree of sexual dimorphism become non-significant when phylogeny is considered, but that the variance in the degree of sexual dimorphism is explained not only by phylogeny but also almost equally by latitude. Ancestral state reconstruction indicated that sexual dimorphisms have evolved independently even within major clades. These findings are consistent with the view that tropical species are exposed to stronger sexual selection pressures than temperate species. We discuss possible causes of the latitudinal variation in sexual selection pressure.
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Schunter, C., M. Pascual, J. C. Garza, N. Raventos, and E. Macpherson. "Kinship analyses identify fish dispersal events on a temperate coastline." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1785 (June 22, 2014): 20140556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0556.
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Connectivity is crucial for the persistence and resilience of marine species, the establishment of networks of marine protected areas and the delineation of fishery management units. In the marine environment, understanding connectivity is still a major challenge, due to the technical difficulties of tracking larvae. Recently, parentage analysis has provided a means to address this question effectively. To be effective, this method requires limited adult movement and extensive sampling of parents, which is often not possible for marine species. An alternative approach that is less sensitive to constraints in parental movement and sampling could be the reconstruction of sibships. Here, we directly measure connectivity and larval dispersal in a temperate marine ecosystem through both analytical approaches. We use data from 178 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to perform parentage and sibship reconstruction of the black-faced blenny ( Tripterygion delaisi ) from an open coastline in the Mediterranean Sea. Parentage analysis revealed a decrease in dispersal success in the focal area over 1 km distance and approximately 6.5% of the juveniles were identified as self-recruits. Sibship reconstruction analysis found that, in general, full siblings did not recruit together to the same location, and that the largest distance between recruitment locations was much higher (11.5 km) than found for parent–offspring pairs (1.2 km). Direct measurements of dispersal are essential to understanding connectivity patterns in different marine habitats, and show the degree of self-replenishment and sustainability of populations of marine organisms. We demonstrate that sibship reconstruction allows direct measurements of dispersal and family structure in marine species while being more easily applied in those species for which the collection of the parental population is difficult or unfeasible.
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Santos, Hersília de Andrade e., Edna Maria de Faria Viana, Paulo Santos Pompeu, and Carlos Barreira Martinez. "Optimal swim speeds by respirometer: an analysis of three neotropical species." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 4 (October 2012): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400013.
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The swimming ability of neotropical fish species is an important aspect for fish ladder designs. Especially in Latin America, where fish ladders are highly selective, fish strategies to negotiate the passage should be studied focusing on target species. This paper shows the swimming ability of three neotropical species (Leporinus reinhardti, Pimelodus maculatus and Prochilodus costatus), from São Francisco river basin. Respirometer was employed for data collection. Regarding the critical and prolonged speeds, L. reinhardti was the fastest among the three neotropical species in relative values (body length/second). The performance of neotropical species was better when compared to critical and maximum prolonged speeds of fish species from temperate areas. Finally, regarding the experimental procedures, the optimization of swimming speed in respirometer is lower than the optimal processes obtained with free swimming in open channels.
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Balouskus, Richard G., and Timothy E. Targett. "Impact of Armored Shorelines on Shore-Zone Fish Density in a Mid-Atlantic, USA, Estuary: Modulation by Hypoxia and Temperature." Estuaries and Coasts 41, S1 (May 23, 2017): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0258-6.
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Abstract Anthropogenic modifications of estuarine environments, including shoreline hardening and corresponding alteration of water quality, are accelerating worldwide as human population increases in coastal regions. Estuarine fish species inhabiting temperate ecosystems are adapted to extreme variations in environmental conditions including water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen across seasonal, daily, and hourly time scales. The present research utilized quantitative sampling to examine the spatiotemporal distribution of shore-zone estuarine fish species in association with four unique shoreline types across a range of water temperature and dissolved oxygen conditions. Fish were collected from the intertidal and shallow subtidal region of four shoreline types, Spartina alterniflora marsh, Phragmites australis marsh, riprap, and bulkhead, in the summer and fall of 2009 and 2010. Analyses were performed to (1) compare mean fish density among shoreline types across all water conditions and (2) explore relationships of the complete fish assemblage, three functional species groupings, and two fish species (Fundulus heteroclitus and Menidia menidia) to unique shoreline/water conditions. Significantly greater mean fish densities were found along S. alterniflora shorelines than armored shorelines. Several metrics including fish density, species richness, and occurrence rates suggest S. alterniflora shorelines may serve as a form of refuge habitat during periods of low dissolved oxygen and high temperatures for various species, particularly littoral-demersal species including F. heteroclitus. Potential mechanisms that could contribute to a habitat providing refuge during adverse water quality conditions include tempering of the adverse condition (decreased temperatures, increased dissolved oxygen), predation protection, and increased foraging opportunities.
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Pérez-Matus, Alejandro, Lara A. Ferry-Graham, Alfredo Cea, and Julio A. Vásquez. "Community structure of temperate reef fishes in kelp-dominated subtidal habitats of northern Chile." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 12 (2007): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06200.
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An important aim of fish ecology is to understand and predict patterns of distribution and abundance in marine communities. Such patterns were examined at four kelp-dominated sites along the northern coast of Chile (19° through 30° S) over 1 year. Fish species richness, diversity and abundance estimates obtained via observational and destructive sampling methods were compared among sites as were habitat and environmental variables that characterised the sites; including sea water temperature below the surface, nutrients, productivity, visibility, density of macroalgae stands, and percentage cover of observed microhabitats (including understorey algae and faunal assemblages). In total, 19 fish species belonging to 14 families were observed from all sites. Species richness and diversity were highest in sites where kelp canopy was composed of two species and where kelp was densest, although only species diversity was significantly different among sites. The sites with high kelp density, in turn, sustained abundant habitat-forming species in the kelp understorey. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the composition and structure of the fish assemblages varied significantly with depth at all study sites. The depth distribution of fishes was correlated with the arrangement of site-specific biological microhabitats, defined by the algae or invertebrate species that form the microhabitat. Temperature, productivity, and nutrients did not vary consistently across study sites, but did vary within individual sites. We suggest that kelp cover and composition strongly affects the diversity and distribution of fishes at shallow coastal habitats in northern Chile through the availability of microhabitats.
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Sikora, Logan W., Joseph T. Mrnak, Rebecca Henningsen, Justin A. VanDeHey, and Greg G. Sass. "Demographic and Life History Characteristics of Black Bullheads Ameiurus melas in a North Temperate USA Lake." Fishes 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7010021.
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Black bullheads Ameiurus melas are an environmentally tolerant omnivorous fish species that are found throughout much of North America and parts of Europe. Despite their prevalence, black bullheads are an infrequently studied species making their biology, ecology, and life history poorly understood. Although limited information has been published on black bullheads, evidence suggests that bullheads can dominate the fish biomass and have profound influences on the fish community in some north temperate USA lakes. The goal of our study was to provide additional information on black bullhead population demographics, growth rates, life history characteristics, and seasonal diet preferences in a northern Wisconsin lake. Using common fish collection gears (fyke netting, electrofishing), fish aging protocols, fecundity assessments, and diet indices, our results suggested that black bullheads exhibited relatively fast growth rates, early ages at maturity, moderate fecundity, and a diverse omnivorous diet. Due to these demographic and life history characteristics, black bullheads have the potential to dominate fish community biomass in their native and introduced range. Results from our study may inform the management of black bullhead as native and invasive species.
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Hinz, Hilmar, Olga Reñones, Adam Gouraguine, Andrew F. Johnson, and Joan Moranta. "Fish nursery value of algae habitats in temperate coastal reefs." PeerJ 7 (May 15, 2019): e6797. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6797.
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The nursery function of coastal habitats is one of the most frequently mentioned and recognized ecosystem services in the valuation of coastal ecosystems. Despite its importance our understanding of the precise habitat parameters and mechanisms that make a habitat important as a nursery area is still limited for many species. The study aimed to establish the importance of different algae morphotypes in providing shelter and food for juvenile coastal fish during the main settlement peaks, in early spring and late summer, in littoral rocky reef systems in the Northwestern Mediterranean. The results of our study showed strong seasonal differences in algae cover, composition and height between the two sampling periods. Overall, during spring the algae were well developed, while in late summer, both density and height, of most algae decreased considerably. Equally, prey biomass, in form of suitable sized invertebrate fauna associated to the algae, decreased. Accordingly, the shelter and food for the fish settling in this habitat during late summer were less abundant, indicating a mismatch between the observed presence of juvenile fish and optimal habitat conditions. Differences in prey densities were detected between algae morphotypes, with structurally more complex algae, such as Cystoseira spp. and Halopteris spp. consistently containing more prey, independent of season, compared to simpler structured morphotypes such as Dictoytales. The study furthermore related juvenile fish density to habitats dominated by different algae morphotypes. Out of the three-study species (Diplodus vulgaris, Symphodus ocellatus, Coris julis) only S. ocellatus showed a significant association with an algae habitat. S. ocellatus related positively to habitats dominated by Dictoytales which provided the highest cover during late summer but had the lowest prey densities. A strong association of this species with Cystoseira, as reported by other studies, could not be confirmed. Cystoseira was abundant within the study area but in a state of dieback, showing loss and reduced height of foliage, typical for the time of year within the study area. It is therefore likely that algae-fish associations are context-dependent and that several algae species may fulfil similar functions. We also discovered that prey biomass did not appear to have an important effect on juvenile abundances. Nevertheless, the availability of prey may influence juvenile fish condition, growth performance and ultimately long-term survival. We therefore suggest that future studies on habitat quality should also include, besides abundance, indicators related to the condition and growth of juveniles.
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Squiers, Alyssa, and Kevin B. Strychar. "The Role of Sea-Whip Coral (Leptogorgia sp.) as Habitat of Temperate Near-Shore Fish of Gulf of Mexico Jetties." International Journal of Biology 13, no. 2 (November 18, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v13n2p17.
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Many fish species use intercoastal jetties throughout their life cycle to migrate to and from the ocean into bays and estuaries. During migration, fish may encounter rock, algae, sand, sea-grass, and coral. Anecdotal information indicates that some migrating fish of intercoastal jetties preferentially select colonies of gorgonian coral (Leptogorgia spp.) vs. any other habitat when encountering a predator. Since very little information exists regarding Leptogorgia, we focused our study in determining the importance of such coral as fish habitat. Stationary field sampling was conducted seasonally to determine the abundance of these coral, the type of migrating fish, and the habitat they associated with. Mesocosm studies were then conducted to determine whether Leptogorgia habitats are important to fish in the presence or absence of a predator. Five different habitats were compared (rock, algae, sand, Leptogorgia, and seagrass) and 6 species of fish (sergeant major, pinfish, mangrove snapper, spotfin mojarra, pigfish, and red drum). In the field study component, more than 600 colonies of Leptogorgia were observed and 17 different fish species. The most commonly observed fish were sergeant major, pinfish, mangrove snapper, and spotfin mojarra, however, sergeant majors were the most abundant species using coral as habitat. The use of mesocosms showed that all fish species significantly selected for structured habitat over non-structured habitat (e.g. sand), but that the fish commonly called ‘sergeant major’ significantly (ANOVA; p ≤ 0.001) selected for Leptogorgia.
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Šetlíková, I., and Z. Adámek. "Feeding selectivity and growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fed on temperate-zone aquatic macrophytes." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 6 (December 12, 2011): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4310-cjas.
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Feeding selectivity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) juveniles (9.3–20.9 g) to four aquatic macrophyte species and tilapia growth were studied in 4 consecutive experiments. Plant diet was provided to 8 tanks containing 20 fishes for 5 days. The fish were fed a carp diet between 4 experiments for 14 days. The consumption of 4 aquatic macrophyte species differed significantly [F(3,252) = 39.6; P < 10<sup>–6</sup>]. Elodea canadensis was the most preferred plant (Chesson selectivity index = 0.50 ± 0.05, n = 4). Potamogeton pectinatus and Spirodela polyrhiza were consumed with about equal preference. Myriophyllum spicatum was the least preferred species. Elodea canadensis contained relatively more phosphorus, potassium and ash than the other three species. The daily plant dry weight intake ranged between 0.79 and 2.26% of body weight. The fish grew during the first two experiments (SGR = 2.54 and 3.18%/d, respectively), but lost weight during the 3rd and 4th experiments (SGR = –1.75 and –1.71%/d, respectively).
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Keller, A. E., and T. L. Crisman. "Factors influencing Fish Assemblages and Species Richness in Subtropical Florida Lakes and a Comparison with Temperate Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 2137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-238.
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From detailed analyses of 36 lakes, we determined that while species assemblages and richness change with lake size, trophic state, and pH, the responses were not as dramatic in Florida as in temperate lakes. At a given pH, there were more species in Florida lakes than in comparable lakes of the temperate zone. The impact of lake size on species richness was also less obvious in Florida lakes. The greater importance of centrarchids, increased contribution of the littoral zone to primary production, and lower dissolved aluminum levels may contribute to greater species richness in Florida lakes than in temperate lakes of comparable pH or size.
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Migaud, H., A. Davie, and J. F. Taylor. "Current knowledge on the photoneuroendocrine regulation of reproduction in temperate fish species." Journal of Fish Biology 76, no. 1 (January 2010): 27–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02500.x.
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Grove, Theresa J., and Bruce D. Sidell. "Myoglobin deficiency in the hearts of phylogenetically diverse temperate-zone fish species." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-071.
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Previous studies relying upon spectrophotometric methods reported low levels of myoglobin, an intracellular oxygen-binding protein, in oxidative muscles of some sluggish benthic fishes distributed throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. Using immunochemical techniques we show that myoglobin is not expressed in the heart ventricles of Cyclop terus lumpus (Cyclopteridae), Anarhichas lupus (Anarhichadidae), Macrozoarces americanus (Zoarcidae), and Lophius americanus (Lophiidae). Hemitripterus americanus (Hemitripteridae) expresses myoglobin at 2.3 ± 0.2 mg·g wet mass1 (mean ± SD). Myoglobin was not detected in oxidative skeletal muscle (pectoral adductor profundus) in either the white-hearted fishes examined or red-hearted H. americanus. Supporting these results, myoglobin messenger RNA was not detected in cardiac muscles of white-hearted fishes by means of either direct Northern blot analysis or by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction followed by amplification of cDNA product. The partial cDNA sequence of H. americanus myoglobin was determined and shows 86.9% identity with a known teleost myoglobin cDNA from Chionodraco rastrospinosus. The 3' untranslated region of H. americanus is 255 nucleotides longer than the 3' untranslated region of C. rastrospinosus. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence of H. americanus with those of other teleosts show 66.2% sequence identity with Cyprinus carpio, 74.6% with Scomber japonicus, and 80.3% with Thunnus albacares and C. rastrospinosus.
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Johnson, Andrew F., Stuart R. Jenkins, Jan G. Hiddink, and Hilmar Hinz. "Linking temperate demersal fish species to habitat: scales, patterns and future directions." Fish and Fisheries 14, no. 3 (April 7, 2012): 256–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00466.x.
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Elshout, P. M. F., L. M. Dionisio Pires, R. S. E. W. Leuven, S. E. Wendelaar Bonga, and A. J. Hendriks. "Low oxygen tolerance of different life stages of temperate freshwater fish species." Journal of Fish Biology 83, no. 1 (July 2013): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12167.
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SHEATH, DANNY J., DEMETRA ANDREOU, and J. ROBERT BRITTON. "Interactions of warming and exposure affect susceptibility to parasite infection in a temperate fish species." Parasitology 143, no. 10 (May 26, 2016): 1340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016000846.
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SUMMARYPredicting how elevated temperatures from climate change alter host–parasite interactions requires understandings of how warming affects host susceptibility and parasite virulence. Here, the effect of elevated water temperature and parasite exposure level was tested on parasite prevalence, abundance and burden, and on fish growth, using Pomphorhynchus laevis and its fish host Squalius cephalus. At 60 days post-exposure, prevalence was higher at the elevated temperature (22 °C) than ambient temperature (18 °C), with infections achieved at considerably lower levels of exposure. Whilst parasite number was significantly higher in infected fish at 22 °C, both mean parasite weight and parasite burden was significantly higher at 18 °C. There were, however, no significant relationships between fish growth rate and temperature, parasite exposure, and the infection parameters. Thus, whilst elevated temperature significantly influenced parasite infection rates, it also impacted parasite development rates, suggesting warming could have complex implications for parasite dynamics and host resistance.
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Colin, Nicole, Evelyn Habit, Aliro Manosalva, Alberto Maceda-Veiga, and Konrad Górski. "Taxonomic and Functional Responses of Species-Poor Riverine Fish Assemblages to the Interplay of Human-Induced Stressors." Water 14, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030355.
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The effects of human-induced stressors on riverine fish assemblages are still poorly understood, especially in species-poor assemblages such as those of temperate South American rivers. In this study we evaluated the effects of human-induced stressors on the taxonomic and functional facets of fish assemblages of two central-southern Chilean rivers: the Biobío River (flow regulated by multiple dams) and the Valdivia River (free-flowing). The study design considered reference condition, urban polluted, and urban-industrial polluted sites. To evaluate the effects of stressors on fish assemblages we assessed: (i) components of beta diversity; (ii) spatial and temporal patterns of fish structure using a multivariate approach; and (iii) functional diversity (specialization, originality, dispersion, and entropy) using linear models. We found a strong association between taxonomic and functional fish assemblage facets with a predominance of natural processes in the Valdivia River reflected in marked temporal dynamics. In contrast, the Biobío River showed a clear loss of association with seasonal pattern, and both taxonomic and functional facets appeared to respond significantly to pollution zones. Implementation of stricter environmental policies and integrated river basin management are instrumental for conserving species-poor fish assemblages in Chilean temperate rivers characterized by low functional traits redundancy.
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Bruno, Daniel Osvaldo, Santiago Aldo Barbini, Juan Martín Díaz de Astarloa, and Patricia Martos. "Fish abundance and distribution patterns related to environmental factors in a choked temperate coastal lagoon (Argentina)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 61, no. 1 (March 2013): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592013000100005.
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The aim of this study was to assess the influence of environmental factors on the fish distribution and abundance in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon. Seasonal fish sampling stations were distributed along the lagoon and grouped in three zones from a mixo-oligohaline waters zone with high contribution of freshwater to a mixo-eurihaline waters zone with high marine water influence. A mixo-mesohaline waters zone characterized the middle part of the lagoon. The results showed that the fish composition was dominated by marine estuarine dependent (ED) species in all three zones and in all seasons: Odontesthes argentinensis, Brevoortia aurea, Mugil liza and Micropogonias furnieri were the most representative species. The following important ecological category was freshwater fishes (FW), with Platanichthys platana and Jenynsia multidentata being the most representative species. According to the best model selected, by fitting generalized linear models, abundance of ED increased as water temperature increased during summer and autumn in all three zones. The highest abundance was recorded in the mixo-eurihaline waters zone. On the other hand, FW abundance increased with high rainfall and also when easterly winds blew. In conclusion, a differential habitat use by the species that occur in the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon was observed. A few ED species dominated the fish composition but FW species also made use of the lagoon during periods of heavy rainfall.
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Soldo, Alen, Igor Glavičić, and Marcelo Kovačić. "Combining Methods to Better Estimate Total Fish Richness on Temperate Reefs: The Case of a Mediterranean Coralligenous Cliff." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060670.
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Coralligenous habitat is considered as one of the most important special habitat types in the Mediterranean; however, due to its inaccessibility, little is known about it, although it is considered as one of the Mediterranean’s richest habitats in terms of species. Due to a low number of studies, it was presumed that the richness of coralligenous fish assemblages is underestimated using traditional visual census methods which are not applicable to the deep, steep, and vertical slopes of coralligenous cliffs and do not capture exhaustively cryptobenthic species commonly found in this habitat. This paper aims at producing a more complete assessment of fish assemblages on a coralligenous cliff by combining different methods, particularly the deep vertical transect visual census and square with anesthetics method. A total of 76 fish species were recorded on a single coralligenous cliff, supporting the opinion that coralligenous cliffs are important Mediterranean biodiversity hotspots. The analysis of species traits between species recorded by the different methods showed how complementary they are to better describe species compositions. Hence, the result of this study demonstrates that the combined use of methods is essential for a more exhaustive description of the whole fish community structure and for accurate estimates of the abundance and diversity patterns, particularly in complex habitats such as coralligenous cliffs.
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Sousa, Inês, Jorge M. S. Gonçalves, Joachim Claudet, Rui Coelho, Emanuel J. Gonçalves, and Karim Erzini. "Soft-bottom fishes and spatial protection: findings from a temperate marine protected area." PeerJ 6 (June 8, 2018): e4653. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4653.
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Numerous studies over the last decades have focused on marine protected areas (MPAs) and their effects on fish communities. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how species that live associated with soft-substrates (e.g., sand, mud) respond to spatial protection. We analyzed abundance, biomass and total lengths of the soft-bottom fishes in a multiple-use MPA in the north-eastern Atlantic, the Luiz Saldanha Marine Park (Portugal), during and after the implementation of its management plan. Data were collected by experimental fishing in areas with three different levels of protection, during the implementation period and for three years after full implementation of the MPA. Univariate analysis detected significant biomass increases between the two periods. Fish assemblages were mainly structured by depth and substrate, followed by protection level. Community composition analyses revealed significant differences between protection levels and between the two periods. Species exhibited a broad variation in their response to protection, and we hypothesize that factors such as species habitat preferences, body size and late maturity might be underlying determinants. Overall, this study provides some evidence of protection effectiveness in soft-bottom fish communities, supported by the significant increase in biomass in the protected areas and the positive trends of some species.
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Zöngür, Alper, and Naci Değerli. "Farklı Çevresel Koşullara Uyumlu Bazı Sazan Türlerinde Hemoglobin Proteini Farklılıklarının Elektroforetik Tekniklerle Araştırılması." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i3.411-418.4913.
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Six different temperate zone species of Cyprinidae family members, which are adapted to different harsh environmental conditions, were analyzed versus cold-acclimated Salmonid. Hemoglobin diversity in the studied species was investigated with a modified form of isoelectric pH: 3.5-10 ampholite system. 6 isohemoglobin bands were observed for cold-acclimated Oncorhynchus mykiss 8 isohemoglobin were observed for Chalcalburnus tarichi 9 for Cyprinion macrostomus and Sarkisla (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio, 11 Garra rufa and finally 12 for Todurge (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio. Cathodic/anodic ratios were found equal to 1for control and the fish adapted to available conditions. However, these ratios were found below 1 when environmental conditions were changed for fish, which are adapted to these poorly oxygenated conditions. Different environmentally adapted fish species are representing various isohemoglobins bands pattern. The species used as a control group in this study shown the lower isohemoglobin bands form. On the other hand, different forms of temperate climate Cyprinidae family member are produced isohemoglobins bands pattern, and the number of these band were higher than control group, depending on different adaptation conditions. The majority of these protein bands were anadic and it can be said that fish are producing anodic hemoglobin protein, when environmental conditions was changed to poorly oxygenated milieu.
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Gillanders, BM. "Feeding ecology of the temperate marine fish Achoerodus viridis (Labridae): Size, seasonal and site-specific differences." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 7 (1995): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9951009.
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Fish were collected from localities in the Sydney region, New South Wales, Australia, from March 1991 to September 1993. Achoerodus viridis is a benthic carnivore and consumes a wide variety of prey items. Size-specific differences in diet were found. The diet of recruits (17-26 mm SL) collected in seagrass environments was dominated by tanaids, whereas that of rocky reef recruits was dominated by harpacticoid copepods. The diet of rocky reef fish then shifted to gammarid amphipods and other crustaceans (fish 50-150 mm SL) and to mussels and urchins (fish >300 mm SL). Juvenile fish on rocky reefs (450 mm SL) foraged in shallow fringing habitat, whereas adult fish (>200 mm SL) foraged in deeper turf and barrens habitats, reflecting the depth distribution of the species. Feeding rate of larger fish tended to be less than that of smaller fish. Variations in diet and feeding rate were also detected over the year but the patterns were not consistent between years. Among sites, there were differences in diet but these were not related to the position of sites inside an estuary or on the open coast. The results of this study provide information on the feeding ecology of a large labrid fish; this information will aid in understanding the population dynamics of the species.
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MacLeod, C. D., M. B. Santos, and G. J. Pierce. "Review of Data on Diets of Beaked Whales: Evidence of Niche Separation and Geographic Segregation." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 3 (April 9, 2003): 651–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403007616h.
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This study reviewed published data on dietary preferences of beaked whales (Ziphiidae) from stomach contents analysis. Detailed data were only available for three of the six beaked whale genera (Hyperoodon, Mesoplodon and Ziphius). Stomach samples of these three beaked whale genera primarily contained cephalopod and fish remains, although some also contained crustaceans. Mesoplodon spp. were found to contain the most fish, with some species containing nothing but fish remains, while the southern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon planifrons) and Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) rarely, if ever, contained fish. Of cephalopods identified, Histioteuthid, Gonatid, Cranchiid and Onychoteuthid species usually contributed most to prey numbers and biomass for all beaked whale genera. There was a wide range of species and families of cephalopods recorded from stomach contents, with no obvious preference for bioluminescent prey species, vertical migrating prey species or prey species with specific body compositions. Whales of the genus Mesoplodon generally contained smaller prey, such as cephalopods under 500 g in weight, compared with other beaked whales. Hyperoodon and Ziphius frequently contained much larger cephalopods with many important prey species having a mean weight of over 1000 g. This suggests that Mesoplodon occupies a separate dietary niche from Hyperoodon and Ziphius, which may be an example of niche segregation. In contrast, Hyperoodon and Ziphius appear to occupy very similar dietary niches but have geographically segregated distributions, with Hyperoodon occupying cold-temperate to polar waters and Ziphius occupying warm-temperate to tropical waters.
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Welicky, Rachel L., Maryke L. Ferreira, Paul Sikkel, and Nico J. Smit. "Diurnal activity patterns of the temporary fish ectoparasite,Gnathia africanaBarnard, 1914 (Isopoda, Gnathiidae), from the southern coast of South Africa." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 7 (August 23, 2017): 1715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001369.
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Gnathiid isopods are one of the most common fish ectoparasites, and are found in both temperate and tropical oceans. On coral reefs, gnathiids are most active at dusk and dawn, and contribute significantly to trophic dynamics, as they are a prey resource for cleaner fish and parasitize numerous fishes. Gnathiids also inhabit temperate intertidal waters, but their activity patterns and contribution to intertidal trophic dynamics remain unstudied. To provide the first ecological data on temperate intertidal gnathiid activity patterns, 172 gnathiid-freeClinus superciliosuswere set in an intertidal system in Tsitsikamma National Park, South Africa, during early morning, morning, afternoon, early evening, and evening, high and low tide, and within the inter- and infra-tidal zone to examine gnathiid infestation levels. After exposure, gnathiids from each fish were identified to the species level, counted, and their developmental stage was recorded. All gnathiids were identified asGnathiia africana. On average, 1 ± 5SD gnathiids were collected from each fish, and the majority of gnathiids collected were stage 1. Significantly more gnathiids were collected during morning and afternoon compared with all other time periods. The number of gnathiids collected was not influenced by the fish's exposure to high or low tide, or placement within the tide zone. AlthoughG. africanais free from cleaner fish predation because cleaner fish do not reside in temperate intertidal habitat,G. africanaabundance is surprisingly small. Future studies should examine what regulatesG. africanapopulation size and the role they play in temperate intertidal food webs.
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Teletchea, F., J. N. Gardeur, E. Kamler, and P. Fontaine. "The relationship of oocyte diameter and incubation temperature to incubation time in temperate freshwater fish species." Journal of Fish Biology 74, no. 3 (February 2009): 652–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02160.x.
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Schaal, Sara M., and Katie E. Lotterhos. "Comparative thermal performance among four young-of-the-year temperate reef fish species." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 5 (April 19, 2021): 1684–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab072.
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Abstract Identifying the role of temperature on species-specific performance is critical for predicting how species will respond to temperature increases expected under climate change. We compared the thermal performance of two sympatric Pacific rockfish species complexes (controls for relatedness and geographic location) that vary in larval life-history traits associated with different oceanographic regimes including temperature during early life-history stages: the BY complex (Black: Sebastes melanops, Yellowtail: S. flavidus) and the CQ complex (Copper: S. caurinus, Quillback: S. maliger). By using controlled experiments, we evaluated foraging activity, growth, and survival of young-of-the-year rockfish recruits under current and future habitat temperatures over a 14-day time period indicative of marine heatwave events expected with climate change. BY rockfish displayed a heat-intolerant behaviour by only foraging at temperatures within current habitat temperatures, whereas the CQ rockfish displayed a heat-tolerant behaviour by actively foraging at temperatures above current and future predicted temperatures for a limited time. Although growth and survival in each species significantly declined with temperature, the magnitude of the effect did not vary between species. Taken together, our results show that rockfish are capable of using different behavioural strategies to cope with warming and may be differentially impacted by future climate conditions.
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Hardewig, I., P. L. M. van Dijk, C. D. Moyes, and H. O. Pörtner. "Temperature-dependent expression of cytochrome-c oxidase in Antarctic and temperate fish." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): R508—R516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.2.r508.
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Seasonal acclimation versus permanent adaptation to low temperatures leads to a differential response in the expression of cytochrome- c oxidase (CCO) in temperate and Antarctic eelpouts. Although eurythermal eelpout from the North Sea ( Zoarces viviparus) displayed a cold-induced rise of CCO activity in white muscle, enzyme activity in the cold stenothermal Antarctic eelpout Pachycara brachycephalum failed to reflect such a compensatory increase. In Antarctic eelpout, CCO activity correlates with transcript levels of mitochondrial encoded subunits of CCO (CCO I and CCO II), whereas cold-acclimated eelpout from the North Sea show lower enzyme activities than expected on the basis of mitochondrial mRNA levels. In these animals, CCO expression at low temperatures may be limited either by nuclear CCO transcripts or by posttranscriptional processes. These may comprise translation of the subunits or assembly of the CCO holoenzyme. mRNA levels of CCO IV, one of the nuclear encoded subunits, increased strongly during cold acclimation, indicating that the expression of CCO is likely not message limited in cold-acclimated Z. viviparus. Our data suggest that seasonal cold acclimation of Z. viviparus results in a modification of the relationship between transcription and translation or posttranslational processes. In permanently cold-adapted P. brachycephalum, on the other hand, CCO expression shows similar characteristics as in the warm-acclimated confamilial species, e.g., low levels of enzyme activity correlated with low levels of mitochondrial message.
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Parsons, DF, IM Suthers, DO Cruz, and JA Smith. "Effects of habitat on fish abundance and species composition on temperate rocky reefs." Marine Ecology Progress Series 561 (December 15, 2016): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps11927.
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Solari, Agustín, Andrés J. Jaureguizar, Andrés C. Milessi, and Mirta L. García. "Fish assemblages in a small temperate estuary on the Argentinian coast: spatial variation, environmental influence and relevance as nursery area." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 63, no. 3 (September 2015): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592015085106303.
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AbstractThe effects of different environmental variables on the fish community structure were evaluated in a small temperate estuary. The biological and environmental data were collected bimonthly between 2007 and 2009 along the main estuarine axis. Multivariate analyses were applied (CLUSTER, SIMPER, CCA) to determine the spatial structure of fish community and to estimate the environmental influence on it. A total of 48 species of "teleost" fishes were observed, with the families Characidae and Sciaenidae presenting the largest number of species, 90% of the catches being juveniles. The fish community was overwhelmingly dominated by one species (Micropogonias furnieri, 88.9%), and only four species contributed more than 1% of total catch (Odontesthes argentinensis5.4%, Brevoortia aurea 1.1%, Paralonchurus brasiliensis 1.1%, and Mugil platanus 1.0%). Estuarine and freshwater stragglers dominated in number of species, followed by freshwater migrants and marine migrants. Three areas with different fish assemblages, with distinctive species and functional guilds, were defined along the main axis. The occurrence and spatial spread of these areas were linked to spatial variation in salinity, which was consistently influenced by discharge from the Río de la Plata and local precipitation. The results highlight the importance of shallow environments as nursery areas and permit emphasis on their susceptibility to environmental changes.
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Walsh, Aidan T., Neville Barrett, and Nicole Hill. "Efficacy of baited remote underwater video systems and bait type in the cool-temperature zone for monitoring ‘no-take’ marine reserves." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 3 (2017): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15165.
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Cool-temperate reef fish assemblages are often poorly described below 20m because of depth limitations of conventional diver-based visual census. The recent development of baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVs) provide an alternative quantitative sampling method. Despite being used in warmer temperate and tropical waters and cool-temperate waters in Victoria, initial trials of vertical BRUVs in Tasmania, Australia, provided poor results. Our study explored possible reasons for this, including using horizontal BRUVs and various baits across a depth gradient. We examined the fish fauna in, and adjacent to, a small, but long-established, no-take marine reserve to assess the potential for BRUVs to enhance monitoring programs in exposed coastal environments. Significant differences in the fish assemblage were described relating to location, depth and bait type, with pilchards being an effective bait type. Fish abundance and species richness increased with depth. The research validated BRUVs for monitoring deep-reef systems in Tasmania, reinforced the importance of depth in structuring fish assemblages and identified the range of observable species in this region that may not be fully captured with diver-based surveys alone. Power analyses were conducted using the data generated here to inform the amount of replication needed to detect biologically meaningful differences in targeted fish assemblages in subsequent studies examining the response of no-take marine reserves to protection. This facilitates future assessments of the effectiveness of Tasmanian no-take reserves and allows for more broad-scale studies that can address a range of ecological and conservation questions.
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Verde, Cinzia, M. Cristina De Rosa, Daniela Giordano, Donato Mosca, Donatella De Pascale, Luca Raiola, Ennio Cocca, Vitale Carratore, Bruno Giardina, and Guido Di Prisco. "Structure, function and molecular adaptations of haemoglobins of the polar cartilaginous fish Bathyraja eatonii and Raja hyperborea." Biochemical Journal 389, no. 2 (July 5, 2005): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050305.
Full textAbstract:
Cartilaginous fish are very ancient organisms. In the Antarctic sea, the modern chondrichthyan genera are poorly represented, with only three species of sharks and eight species of skates; the paucity of chondrichthyans is probably an ecological consequence of unusual trophic or habitat conditions in the Southern Ocean. In the Arctic, there are 26 species belonging to the class Chondrichthyes. Fish in the two polar regions have been subjected to different regional histories that have influenced the development of diversity: Antarctic marine organisms are highly stenothermal, in response to stable water temperatures, whereas the Arctic communities are exposed to seasonal temperature variations. The structure and function of the oxygen-transport haem protein from the Antarctic skate Bathyraja eatonii and from the Arctic skate Raja hyperborea (both of the subclass Elasmobranchii, order Rajiformes, family Rajidae) is reported in the present paper. These species have a single major haemoglobin (Hb 1; over 80% of the total). The Bohr-proton and the organophosphate-binding sites are absent. Thus the haemoglobins of northern and southern polar skates appear functionally similar, whereas differences were observed with several temperate elasmobranchs. Such evidence suggests that, in temperate and polar habitats, physiological adaptations have evolved along distinct pathways, whereas, in this case, the effect of the differences characterizing the two polar environments is negligible.
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Cummings, D. O., and J. E. Williamson. "The role of herbivory and fouling on the invasive green alga Caulerpa filiformis in temperate Australian waters." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 4 (2008): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06238.
Full textAbstract:
The green macroalga Caulerpa filiformis is rapidly dominating algal assemblages in shallow subtidal regions along the New South Wales (NSW) coast. Given that invasive species are known for their competitive superiority, the interactions between C. filiformis and herbivores and fouling species was investigated and were compared with those co-occurring native species. Extensive field surveys were carried out to assess purported damage from herbivores, and co-occurrence of C. filiformis with herbivorous fish and invertebrate species. Signs of herbivory on C. filiformis were visible, and several common herbivorous invertebrates and fish co-occurred with the alga. Laboratory and field feeding assays with fresh algae indicated that generalist invertebrate herbivores such as Turbo torquatus did not consume C. filiformis, whereas herbivorous fish did consume C. filiformis but not in preference to other palatable algae. C. filiformis was fouled at similar concentrations and with similar epiphytic species to other co-occurring algae. Thus the ability of C. filiformis to deter herbivory and fouling by using biotic deterrents (both chemical and structural) is limited and unlikely to be the major factor driving its successful invasion into NSW habitats.