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Journal articles on the topic 'Temperament'
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Poyraz, Burç Çağrı, Ayşe Sakallı Kani, Cana Aksoy Poyraz, Tuba Öcek Baş, and Mehmet Kemal Arıkan. "Cognitive Psychophysiological Substrates of Affective Temperaments." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 48, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059416650112.
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Affective temperaments are the subclinical manifestations or phenotypes of mood states and hypothetically represent one healthy end of the mood disorder spectrum. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the neurobiological basis of affective temperaments. One fundamental aspect of temperament is the behavioral reactivity to environmental stimuli, which can be effectively evaluated by use of cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting the diversity of information processing. The aim of the present study is to explore the associations between P300 and the affective temperamental traits in healthy individuals. We recorded the P300 ERP waves using an auditory oddball paradigm in 50 medical student volunteers (23 females, 27 males). Participants’ affective temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego–auto questionnaire version (TEMPS-A). In bivariate analyses, depressive temperament score was significantly correlated with P300 latency ( rs = 0.37, P < .01). In a multiple linear regression analysis, P300 latency showed a significant positive correlation with scores of depressive temperament (β = 0.40, P < .01) and a significant negative one with scores of cyclothymic temperament (β = −0.29, P = .03). Affective temperament scores were not associated with P300 amplitude and reaction times. These results indicate that affective temperaments are related to information processing in the brain. Depressive temperament may be characterized by decreased physiological arousal and slower information processing, while the opposite was observed for cyclothymic temperament.
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Amerio, Andrea, Luca Magnani, Carlo Castellani, Irene Schiavetti, Gabriele Sapia, Francesca Sibilla, Rita Pescini, et al. "The Expression of Affective Temperaments in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Psychopathological Associations and Possible Neurobiological Mechanisms." Brain Sciences 13, no. 4 (April 5, 2023): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13040619.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and affective temperaments, considering the relevance of ionic balances in neural excitability, as a possible neurobiological basis for temperamental expression. A cross-sectional study involving 55 adult CF patients was conducted. Sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics, temperamental and personality dispositions and depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated through standardized semi-structured and structured interviews. The majority of the enrolled CF patients were receiving Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) therapy (72.7%), and most of them had hyperthymic temperament predominance (29.1%). Different TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire) dimensions were not associated with the type of CF phenotype-related mutation or with the use of CFTR-modulator therapy. However, a tendency towards irritability was noted in patients not undergoing CFTR modulator therapy (6.7 ± 4.72 vs. 4.7 ± 4.33; p = 0.13). In light of the limitations imposed by the cross-sectional nature of the study, a hyperthymic temperament was found to be protective against current or lifetime psychopathologic events, whereas the other temperaments were associated with positive psychopathological anamnesis. Based on the measurement of temperament profiles and the study of their associations with clinically relevant variables, we argue that subjecting CF patients to such a temperament assessment could prove beneficial in the transition towards integrated and personalized care.
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Kurt, Erhan, Ilhan Karacan, Nihal Ozaras, and Gazi Alatas. "Affective temperament in stroke patients." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 20, no. 6 (December 2008): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2008.00335.x.
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Objective:The aims of this study were to determine the dominant affective temperament changes in stroke survivors and whether temperament affects the disability.Methods:A total of 63 stroke patients were included in this study. Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire was used to determine the dominant affective temperament (depressive, hyperthymic, cyclothymic, irritable or anxious). The disability level was measured with the Barthel index (BI).Results:Depressive temperament (17.5%) and anxious temperament (12.7%) were the most common dominant affective temperaments. The frequencies of irritable, cyclothymic and hyperthymic temperaments were 4.8, 3.2 and 0%, respectively. The mean BI score was 78.1 ± 18.3 in patients with depressive temperament and 67.4 ± 28.4 in patients without depressive temperament (p = 0.403). The mean BI score was 78.1 ± 15.3 in patients with anxious temperament and 68.0 ± 28.3 in patients without anxious temperament (p = 0.541). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that BI score was not associated with affective temperament changes.Conclusion:The results of the current study suggest that depressive and anxious temperaments are the most common affective temperaments and that there appears to be no association between disability level and dominant affective temperament in stroke survivors.
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Boerner, R. J. "Temperament – ein nur historischer Begriff?" Nervenheilkunde 35, no. 05 (2016): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1616387.
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ZusammenfassungDie internationale Temperamentsforschung der letzten Jahrzehnte hat eine überzeugende theoretische wie empirische Evidenz dafür erbracht, dass das Temperament als anthropologische Kategorie zu den Grundlagen der Medizin wie der psychologischen Fächer gehört. Für die hohe Validität des Temperamentsbegriffs sprechen die Übereinstimmung der Temperamentsdefinitionen über verschiedene historische Epochen, Fachrichtungen und Forschungsmethoden hinweg sowie die Konvergenz moderner Temperamentstheorien untereinander sowie mit der antiken Typologie. Die klinische Bedeutung des Temperaments als Risikofaktor für psychosomatische wie psychische Störungen, für die Arzt-(Psychotherapeut)-Patient-Beziehung und hinsichtlich der Modifizierbarkeit extremer Temperamente (-ausprägungen) wird diskutiert.
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Choi, Yuseung, Yejin Cho, Yeeun Hwang, and Myoung-Ho Hyun. "Time Management, Quality of Life, and Work-Life Balance Based on Temperament of Workers." STRESS 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2022.30.2.69.
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Background: Temperament plays an important role in adapting to different environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between temperament clusters, time management behavior, quality of life, and work-life balance.Methods: A total of 216 participants (male=56, female=160, mean age: 31.92 years) completed questionnaires measuring temperament, time management behavior, quality of life, and work-life balance.Results: Data from the study shows that temperamental profiles are classified into three groups. The profile of “Adaptive Solver” was associated with the most beneficial traits, and that of “Chronic Worrier” was associated with the most disadvantageous traits.Conclusions: The findings of this study confirm that temperaments are related to psychological adjustment. This study provides an implication for considering individual differences in the intervention for psychological adaptation of workers.
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Pufal-Struzik, Irena, and Ryszarda Ewa Bernacka. "Temperament i motywacja osiągnięć menedżerów." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2019.32.4.197-215.
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<p>W artykule analizie poddano zagadnienie temperamentu i motywacji osiągnięć menedżerów w ujęciu personologicznym. Głównym celem badawczym była diagnoza stanu właściwości psychologicznych w kontekście takich zmiennych, jak: zajmowane stanowisko, lata pracy, płeć menedżera. W badaniach zastosowano Kwestionariusz Temperamentu PTS oraz Inwentarz Motywacji Osiągnięć LMI. Przeanalizowano wyniki 216-osobowej grupy menedżerów o średniej wieku 41 lat. Analiza statystyczna pozwala na sformułowanie następujących wniosków. Istnieje związek między temperamentem a motywacją osiągnięć menedżera. Temperament jest predyktorem motywacji osiągnięć menedżera. Prezes, dyrektor i kierownik nie różnią się od siebie temperamentem, ale kierownik jest mniej niezależny niż prezes. Wraz z długością ogólnego stażu zawodowego również na stanowisku menedżera zmniejsza się wysiłek kompensacyjny, dbanie o prestiż i wytrwałość. Im dłuższy staż pracy ogółem, tym mniejsza satysfakcja z osiągnięć i samokontrola menedżera. Menedżerki charakteryzuje w zakresie temperamentu istotnie statystycznie wyższy poziom ruchliwości procesów nerwowych, a w zakresie motywacji osiągnięć – wyższy zapał do nauki oraz ukierunkowanie na cel. Natomiast menedżerowie<em> </em>posiadają istotnie statystycznie wyższy poziom satysfakcji z osiągnięć oraz samokontroli. Wyniki badań można wykorzystać zarówno w selekcji, jak i do ukierunkowania rozwoju potencjału psychologicznego menedżerów i menedżerek.</p>
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Burdick, N. C., R. D. Randel, J. A. Carroll, and T. H. Welsh. "Interactions between Temperament, Stress, and Immune Function in Cattle." International Journal of Zoology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/373197.
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The detrimental effects caused by stressors encountered by animals during routine handling can pose economic problems for the livestock industry due to increased costs ultimately borne by the producer and the consumer. Stress adversely affects key physiological processes of the reproductive and immune systems. In recent years stress responsiveness has been associated with cattle behavior, specifically temperament. Cattle with more excitable temperaments, as measured by chute score, pen score, and exit velocity (flight speed), exhibit greater basal concentrations of glucocorticoids and catecholamines. Similar to stressed cattle, more temperamental cattle (i.e., cattle exhibiting greater exit velocity or pen and chute scores) have poorer growth performance, carcass characteristics, and immune responses. Thus, understanding the interrelationship of stress and temperament can help in the development of selection and management practices that reduce the negative influence of temperament on growth and productivity of cattle. This paper discusses the relationship between stress and temperament and the developing evidence of an effect of temperament on immune function of cattle that have been handled or restrained. Specifically, the paper discusses different methodologies used to measure temperament, including chute score, pen score, and exit velocity, and discusses the reaction of cattle to different stressors including handling and restraint.
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Hirvonen, Riikka, Johanna Väänänen, Kaisa Aunola, Timo Ahonen, and Noona Kiuru. "Adolescents’ and mothers’ temperament types and their roles in early adolescents’ socioemotional functioning." International Journal of Behavioral Development 42, no. 5 (September 13, 2017): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025417729223.
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The present study examined adolescents’ and mothers’ temperament types and their roles in the socioemotional functioning of early adolescents. A total of 869 sixth-grade students and 668 mothers participated in the study. The students rated their temperament and socioemotional functioning and the mothers rated their own temperament. Latent profile analyses identified four temperament types among the adolescents (resilient, reserved, average, and mixed) and three types among the mothers (resilient, average, and mixed). The results showed that the adolescents with resilient or reserved temperaments reported significantly fewer conduct problems and emotional symptoms, less hyperactivity, and higher prosociality than adolescents with a mixed temperament type. The most adaptive adolescent–mother temperament matches were between a resilient or reserved adolescent and a resilient or average mother; these adolescents reported the highest levels of socioemotional functioning. Mothers with mixed or average temperaments were related to fewer conduct problems and emotional symptoms and less hyperactivity among adolescents with a mixed temperament, while mothers with a resilient temperament type were beneficial for prosocial behavior among adolescents with a mixed temperament. These findings increase understanding of the role of temperament and the interplay between adolescents’ and mothers’ temperaments in the development of early adolescents’ socioemotional adjustment.
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Yilmaz, Yavuz, and Ayla Cicek. "Parental temperament characteristics of juvenile delinquents." Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 12, no. 4 (2023): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2023.08.173.
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Criminal behavior in children emerges as a result of a complex process. If the criminal behavior is repetitive and preventive interventions are not applied, it can also lead to the emergence of criminal behavior in adulthood. In our study, we aimed to compare the parental temperament characteristics of juvenile delinquents with those of non-offending children of similar age and gender. The study group included parents of 69 juvenile delinquents aged between 12 and 15, while the control group consisted of parents of 73 non-offending children of the same age range. Data was collected using a demographic information form prepared by researchers and the TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, San Diego Autoquestionnaire) Temperament Scale. The study group included 37 fathers and 32 mothers, while the control group included 40 fathers and 33 mothers. Parents in the study group had less education than those in the control group, and psychopathology was more common. The study group's parents experienced more legal issues on average. In comparison to the control group, fathers in the study group scored higher for cyclothymic temperament, hyperthymic temperament, and irritable temperament. Compared to the control group, mothers in the study group scored higher on all temperamental variables. The fathers' assessments of their depressive and anxious temperaments did not differ significantly. Fathers in the study group scored higher on the cyclothymic, hyperthymic, and irritable temperament scales. There was a considerable difference in the prevailing temperament type between the groups. Moms in the research group had significantly higher temperament scores than those in the control group.
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Jomli, R., J. Ouertani, H. Jemli, U. Ouali, Y. Zgueb, and F. Nacef. "Comparative study of affective temperaments between medical students and humanities students(evaluation by validated temps-a)." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.529.
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Introduction While the links between cyclothymia and creativity are well documented, the experts have tried to determine whether temperament would influence the major choices of life such as career.ObjectivesThe study aims mainly to evaluate the temperaments of a sample of Tunisian students, and to look for the possible correlations between the temperament and the choice of studies.MethodsThe Tunisian version of the TEMPS-A which is a self-evaluation measure to assess affective temperaments was administered to 100 medical students and 100 humanities students.ResultsStudent populations differed in their socio-demographic and scholar variables such as age, sex ratio or socio-economic level, choice of studies and their religiosity. The temperamental prevalences were close between our two populations by considering the threshold score Mean +1standard deviation; they ranged between 13 and 18%. Hyperthymic and cyclothymic scores were significantly higher among humanities students (11.38 ± 4.385 versus 9.00 ± 4.192 and 11.96 ± 4.497 versus 9.63 ± 4.499 respectively) and irritable scores were higher in the latter, though not significant (6.45 ± 3.823 versus 5.39 ± 2.998). Depressive and anxious temperament scores were close in both groups. The study showed significant temperament differences within gender, socioeconomic status, high school marks, religiosity and political affiliation.ConclusionsIt is relevant and even necessary to include such studies in the selection of candidates who could adapt to a specific professional field on the basis of objective criteria such as conscientiousness, and privileging profile diversity.
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Kusramadhanty, Meilita. "Temperamen dan praktik pengasuhan orang tua menentukan perkembangan sosial emosi anak usia prasekolah." Persona:Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/persona.v8i2.2794.
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Abstract Socioemotional development is important for children to develop their own potential, cognitive development, support school readiness and academic success. This study aims to analyze the child’s temperament, parent’s parenting practices to children’s socioemotional development aged 5-6 years. This study used a quantitative survey approach. Samples in this study were 100 children and their mothers from 6 kindergartens in Depok City. Samples were chosen by using a convenient sampling method with criteria that mothers would be a sample of research. The collected data was analyzed using a structural equation model with Smart PLS 6.0. The instruments used in this study were the mother's and father's parenting practice questionnaire, EAS temperament questionnaire, and social-emotional development questionnaire. The results of the study showed that a child’s socioemotional development is affected positive significant by the mother’s parenting practice, father’s parenting practice, and also children’s temperament. This study also showed that a father’s parenting practice provides positive significant to the mother’s parenting practice and child’s temperament. Keywords: Children; Parenting practice; Socioemotional development; Temperaments Abstrak Perkembangan sosial dan emosi penting dicapai anak untuk mengembangkan potensi diri anak, meningkatkan perkembangan kognitif, mendukung kesiapan sekolah dan keberhasilan akademik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh temperamen anak dan praktik pengasuhan orang tua terhadap perkembangan sosial emosi anak usia 5-6 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan survey kuantitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 100 pasang anak prasekolah dan ibunya yang berasal dari 6 TK di Kota Depok. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode convenient sampling dengan kriteria ibu bersedia menjadi sampel penelitian. Data dianalisis menggunakan smart PLS 6.0. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner praktik pengasuhan ibu dan ayah, kuesioner temperamen EAS, dan kuesioner perkembangan sosial emosi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan sosial emosi anak dipengaruhi secara positif signifikan oleh praktik pengasuhan ibu, praktik pengasuhan ayah, dan temperamen anak. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa praktik pengasuhan ayah memberikan pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap praktik pengasuhan ibu dan temperamen anak.Kata kunci: Anak; Perkembangan sosial emosi; Praktik pengasuhan; Temperamen
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Basaran, Sehnaz, and Halil İbrahim Tas. "Predictive factors of quality of life in temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy: association with affective temperament profiles and psychiatric comorbidities." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 79, no. 9 (September 2021): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0437.
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ABSTRACT Background: Investigating predictive factors of reduced quality of life (QOL) of patients and their association with focal epilepsy can improve management and treatment strategies. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between affective temperaments, depression, anxiety, disease characteristics, and QOL and to explore the predictors of QOL in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE). Methods: A total of 50 patients with TLE, 51 patients with ETLE, and 70 controls were enrolled. Affective temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). QOL was assessed by the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to explore depression and anxiety severity, respectively. Results: Compared with the controls, patients with TLE and ETLE had significantly higher scores on all TEMPS-A scales, except on hyperthymic temperament. All the SF-36 subscale scores were lower in the TLE and ETLE groups. Linear regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms, anxiety, depressive and irritable temperament, and seizure frequency were significant predictors of QOL in TLE. Patients with ETLE with temperamental disturbances, depressive symptoms, and polytherapy had a poorer QOL. Conclusions: Affective temperaments, psychiatric disorders, and clinical factors may predict impaired QOL in patients with TLE and ETLE. Further studies are needed to identify predictors of QOL in various epilepsy subtypes.
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Schwartz, Carl E., and Scott L. Rauch. "Temperament and Its Implications for Neuroimaging of Anxiety Disorders." CNS Spectrums 9, no. 4 (April 2004): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900009226.
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ABSTRACTWe review the attributes of inhibited and uninhibited infant temperaments, and their developmental trajectories into early adulthood. Inborn individual differences in infants' propensity to respond to novel people and objects are associated with persistent differences in the responsivity of the amygdala to novelty, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, after more than 20 years of development. Because an inhibited temperament is a risk factor for developing later psychiatric disorders, particularly generalized social anxiety disorder, temperamental differences are confounds in neuroimaging and genetic studies. Longitudinal studies are a unique tool for understanding the developmental and temperamental risk factors for psychiatric disorder.
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Sultana, Arshiya, Wajeeha Begum, Rushda Saeedi, Khaleequr Rahman, Md Belal Bin Heyat, Faijan Akhtar, Ngo Tung Son, and Hadaate Ullah. "Experimental and Computational Approaches for the Classification and Correlation of Temperament (Mizaj) and Uterine Dystemperament (Su’-I-Mizaj Al-Rahim) in Abnormal Vaginal Discharge (Sayalan Al-Rahim) Based on Clinical Analysis Using Support Vector Machine." Complexity 2022 (August 27, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5718501.
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The temperament (Mizaj) of the body is an essential constituent for health conservancy and diagnosis of several diseases. Hence, general body temperament and uterine dystemperament (Su’-i-Mizaj) with abnormal vaginal discharge (Salayan al-Rahim) need evaluation. In addition, we also applied a computational intelligence technique for enhancing scientific validity to classify the warm-cold and wet-dry temperaments. This trial included a total of 66 participants with a vaginal discharge of reproductive age. Data included demographic characteristics of the participants, symptoms associated with vaginal discharge, women’s general temperament, and symptoms of uterine dystemperament. Correlation between general body temperament and age, abnormal vaginal discharge, and its associated symptoms was also performed. Additionally, we used the Support Vector Machine-Radial Basis Function (SVM-RBF) model to classify the warm-cold and wet-dry temperaments. Warm general temperament was highly prevalent (77.27%), followed by moderate (19.69%) on the warm-cold temperament scale. In wet-dry temperament, moderate general body temperament (50%) was more prevalent. In warm-cold and wet-dry scores, 78.78% and 74.24% had warm and wet uterine dystemperament, respectively. The age and symptoms were correlated with general temperament. A strong positive correlation was found between warm general temperament and warm dystemperament of the uterus (r = 0.40, p < 0.009). In addition, our SVM-RBF CV-5 classification model achieved the highest accuracy (99.2%). Our results showed that vaginal discharge is more common in warm general temperament and warm-wet dystemperament of the uterus. The same has been proven by computational intelligence. Nevertheless, vaginal discharge can also happen in normal and other temperaments.
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Vlajić, Dušan. "ODNOS AFEKTIVNOG TEMPERAMENTA SA DIMENZIJAMA MENTALNOG ZDRAVLJA." ГОДИШЊАК ЗА ПСИХОЛОГИЈУ 17, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/gpsi.17.2020.03.
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This paper examines the relationship between affective temperaments (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable, anxious-cognitive, and anxious-somatic) and symptoms of Terluin’s four dimensions of mental health (Distress, Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization). The sample is convenient, consisted of 190 people under the age of 35. The instruments used in the research are the following: the Serbian version of the TEMPS-A scale, which assess affective temperaments, and The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ). Results show that depressive and cyclothymic temperament are significant predictors of all Terluin’s dimensions. In addition, Anxiety can be significantly predicted based on hyperthymic, anxious-cognitive, and anxious- somatic temperament, and Somatization based on anxious-somatic temperament. Affective temperaments have a positive contribution to all regression models, except for hyperthymic temperament, which has a negative one. The main conclusion of the research is that in people with depressive, anxiety and somatic temperament characteristics, in stressful situations those characteristics can be intensified. Also, hyperthymic temperament, which is characterized by the largest number of desirable traits, could show a potential protective role in relation to the development of symptoms on Terluin’s dimensions.
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Kosyakov, Alexander, and Alexander Ishkov. "Typology of temperaments "Priority": Sustainable development of the organization due to the increase in the personnel work efficiency." BIO Web of Conferences 116 (2024): 08013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411608013.
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The paper is devoted to the matters of application of the temperaments tipologies in the personnel management of organization. The existing tipologies use the special properties of nervous system, which are just the secondary signs of the characteristics of nervous system, really defining the temperament type, as the bases (signs) for allocation of temperament types. The purpose of this research is to develope the typology of temperaments, using structural interrelations among the elements of the nervous system, which define the properties of the system from the position of the system theory, for allocation of the temperament types. As the result the authors created the typology of temperaments according to the priority in dichotomies of the nervous system components (typology of temperaments "Priority") allowing to allocate 4 classical types of temperament, and 2 optional expanded types of temperament (including 8 types) as well and also 16 complete types of temperament. The authors' belongs to the area of personnel management, psychology of individual distinctions and neurophysiology. The results obtained by the authors can be used in professional selection, professional orientation, personnel selection, team building, managerial decision-making on personnel, psychological counseling, etc., thus contributing to the improvement of personnel management methods of the organization.
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Bardhi, MA Niman, and Dr Sc Mimoza Shahini. "The Correlation between affective Temperaments and Internalizing Problems Reported by Adolescents of Age 14-18 Years." ILIRIA International Review 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v5i1.26.
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Internalizing problems are characterized by anxiety, depressed mood, social withdrawal, and somatic complaints. Childhood internalizing problems are a concerning mental health issue due to their continuity into adolescence and associated functional impairment. This study focused on studying the relation between affective temperaments and internalizing problems, in a sample of adolescents in the community. There has been very little research in mental health problems in children and adolescents in Kosovo.The aim of this study was to identify the link between affective temperaments with youth psychopathology, by measuring both temperament with Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS) and youth psychopathology with Youth Self Report (YSR) in the Kosovo sample. Our study found that depressive, cyclothymic, anxious, and irritiative temperaments were more displayed in female respondents. Meanwhile, hyperthermic temperament was not found to be reported as interrelated to gender.However, gender related differences were significant on the YSR scales, with female respondents reporting higher values on those scales. The study found that there is a significant difference between the groups with normal scores on Depressive Temperament with group with high scores for all scales of Internalizing problems. More scores in Depressive Temperament more scores in Internalizing Scales.The same tendencies were found for Cyclothimic Temperament and Anxious temperament. Hyperthermic temperament was not found to have significant effect on Anxious/ Depressed, Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, and Social Problem. Irritative temperament was found to have significant effect only in Anxious/ Depressed F (2) = 13.1, p<.01, η2= .03.The higher scores in Anxious/ Depressed scores were found in the group with high scores in Irritative Temperament. The study concluded that temperament may only be one of several factors contributing to the development of psychopathology. This study found that the temperament, which is influenced by environment and biology, is a significant predictor for internalizing problems.
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Stolarski, Maciej, Katarzyna Krężołek, and Joanna Witowska. "Temperamental basis of a balanced temporal perspective: a mediating role of temporal metacognition." Educational Psychology 54, no. 12 (December 31, 2017): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7844.
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Scientific studies carried out in the field of temporal psychology present a growing number of data suggesting an important role of a balanced temporal perspective in social and emotional adaptation of an individual. The current study attempted to empirically replicate a result suggesting a key role of temperament’s characteristics in the development of temporal balance. The novel character of erformed analysis took into account a new differentiating construct – dimensions of temporal metacognition. The study employed 115 participants. They filled in the personality quetsionnaire FCZ-KT, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, which measures individual differences in temporal percpectives and a temporal metacognition scale (TMCS). The analysis point to a significant role of temperament’s traits – emotional reactivity and liveliness – in the shaping of temporal balance. Moreover, it was shown that the relationship between temperament and balanced temporal perspective are mediated fully by the dimensions of temporal metacognition – metacognitive temporal control and goaloriented temporal continuity. Importantly, the first of these dimensions turned out to be conditioned by the temperament to a far larger degree than the second one (42% vs. 4% of the mediated variability). The result allows a conclusion of a various basis of the two aspects of metacognition: temperamental – in the case of control, and non-temperamental (cognitive or experiencebased) – in the case of continuity. Temporal metacognition can, therefore, be a mechanism responsible for relationships between temperament and balanced temporal perspective described in the field literature.
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Fico, Caivano, Zinno, Carfagno, Steardo, Sampogna, Luciano, and Fiorillo. "Affective Temperaments and Clinical Course of Bipolar Disorder: An Exploratory Study of Differences among Patients with and without a History of Violent Suicide Attempts." Medicina 55, no. 7 (July 19, 2019): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070390.
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Background and Objectives: Suicide is the leading cause of death in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD). In particular, the high mortality rate is due to violent suicide attempts. Several risk factors associated with suicide attempts in patients with BD have been identified. Affective temperaments are associated with suicidal risk, but their predictive role is still understudied. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between affective temperaments and personal history of violent suicide attempts. Materials and Methods: 74 patients with Bipolar Disorder type I (BD-I) or II (BD-II) were included. All patients filled in the short version of Munster Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (short TEMPS-M) and the Temperament and Character Inventory, revised version (TCI-R). The sample was divided into two groups on the basis of a positive history for suicidal attempts and the suicidal group was further divided into two subgroups according to violent suicide attempts. Results: Violent suicide attempts were positively associated with the cyclothymic temperament and inversely to the hyperthymic one. BD-I patients and patients with a clinical history of rapid cycling were significantly more represented in the group of patients with a history of violent suicide attempts. Conclusions: Our study highlights that several clinical and temperamental characteristics are associated with violent suicide attempts, suggesting the importance of affective temperaments in the clinical management of patients with BPI.
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Janiri, Delfina, Lorenzo Moccia, Eliana Conte, Laura Palumbo, Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo, Giulia Fredda, Renato Maria Menichincheri, et al. "Emotional Dysregulation, Temperament and Lifetime Suicidal Ideation among Youths with Mood Disorders." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090865.
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Background: Psychopathological dimensions contributing to suicidal ideation in young age are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the involvement of emotional dysregulation and temperament in suicide risk in a sample of accurately selected young patients with mood disorders and a matched sample of healthy controls (HC). Methods: We assessed 50 young patients (aged 14–25 years) with DSM-5 bipolar or depressive disorders for clinical and psychopathological characteristics and 82 age and sex, educational level, and smoking habits-matched HC. Emotional dysregulation and temperament were assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A-39), respectively. We tested their associations with suicidal ideation, using standard univariate/bivariate methods, preceded by overall multivariate analysis. Results: In the group of patients, 24 (48%) reported lifetime suicide ideation (LSI). Patients with LSI scored higher on emotional dysregulation (p < 0.001) and cyclothymic (p < 0.001), irritable (p = 0.01), and hyperthymic temperaments (p = 0.003) than HC. Patients with LSI specifically presented with more emotional dysregulation (p < 0.001) and cyclothymic temperament (p = 0.001), than patients without LSI (N = 26). Conclusions: Temperamental features, in particular cyclothymic temperament, and emotion dysregulation may represent independent factors for increased vulnerability to lifetime suicidal ideation in young adults with mood disorders.
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Kean, June. "Teacher Ethnotheories & Child Temperament: Impact on Classroom Interactions." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 22, no. 3 (September 1997): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919702200304.
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The effects of eight teachers’ ethnotheories (beliefs and values) were examined in relation to interactions in the classroom (teachers, target children) with two broad groupings of child temperament (Difficult Temperament N = 16, Easy Temperament N = 16) which were established on the basis of teachers’ ratings of child temperament using The Preschool Inventory (Billman, 1981). Temperament (individual behavioural style) was conceptualised as the manifestation of affective displays and social behaviours in context, with emotions acting as signals for interactions. Interviews were conducted with the teachers to elicit their beliefs and values, their expectations for children, and to establish their tolerance levels for the more difficult child behaviours. Sixty-four hours of classroom observations were conducted. A pattern of different positive and negative interactions emerged between the more difficult temperament group (Difficult Temperament), and those with relatively easy temperaments (Easy Temperament). Difficult Temperament children consistently gave and received from teachers more negative-valence in emotional and social behaviours, than the Easy Temperament children. Easy Temperament children displayed and were responded to with more positive-valence in emotional and social behaviours. Evidence was found for the impact of teacher tolerance levels and expectations on classroom interactions. These findings suggested that early childhood teachers need to give careful consideration to their beliefs and values in developing more effective teaching techniques for children with differing temperaments.
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Petherick, J. C., R. G. Holroyd, V. J. Doogan, and B. K. Venus. "Productivity, carcass and meat quality of lot-fed Bos indicus cross steers grouped according to temperament." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 4 (2002): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01084.
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One hundred and twenty Bos indicus cross steers were allocated to 3 treatments (good, mixed and poor) on the basis of flight speed, as a measure of cattle temperament. The cattle were lot-fed for 100 days and data collected at intervals on their temperament (flight speeds) and productivity (liveweight changes, body condition, pen feed intakes) during this time. After slaughter, data were collected on carcass traits and meat quality. Eating-quality attributes were measured in meat samples from 22 carcasses from each treatment. Flight speeds were highly correlated across animals and within treatments, showed little change in variability over time and were highly repeatable. Flight speed indicated a slight deterioration in temperament with time in the feedlot until day 70, suggesting an increasing fearfulness in the steers. Differences in flight speeds between treatments were maintained throughout the feedlotting period; poor-temperament animals retained poor temperaments and good retained good. Flight speed was correlated with measures of production, and flight speed measured at feedlot induction was a predictor of performance. Correlations and treatment effects showed that cattle with poor temperaments had poorer average daily gains, feed conversion efficiencies, body conditions and dressing percentages compared with those with good temperaments. Reduced performance in the poor-temperament animals may have resulted from their fearfulness and state of high arousal. Treatment (temperament grouping) did not influence carcass traits, but there was evidence of lower initial pH levels and indicators of 'heat-shortening' in the meat of steers with poor temperament compared with those with good temperament. These findings suggest that the poor temperament steers were more susceptible to pre-slaughter stressors than the good temperament animals. However, the meat quality differences were not detected in eating-quality measurements.
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Lazdauskas, Tomas. "Understanding difficult temperament in adults: A mixed-methods study." Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual 32, no. 1 (April 5, 2024): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51668/bp.8324108n.
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Difficult temperament is a set of behavioral characteristics that are associated with mental health and a significant predictor of psychopathology. This study aims to investigate which temperamental characteristics can be considered attributes of difficult temperament in Lithuanian adults. The sample consisted of 429 adults between 18 and 79 years of age. The Adult Temperament Questionnaire was used to assess temperamental characteristics and perceived difficult temperament. Data were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. The results revealed that the set of attributes perceived as constituting difficult temperament includes characteristics such as negative mood, intensity of emotional reactions, low adaptability, withdrawal, and low regularity. Quantitative data analysis uncovered an unexpected negative relationship between perceived difficult temperament and the rhythmicity characteristic, while a new category of stubbornness emerged in the qualitative data. The findings provide new knowledge about both the cultural specifics of difficult temperament and the content of the temperament construct in general. These results can also aid in the development of further research on difficult temperament, as well as in the planning of mental health interventions and psychological counseling.
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Oniszczenko, Włodzimierz. "Anxious temperament and cyberchondria as mediated by fear of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): e0255750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255750.
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This study’s main goal was to evaluate the association between anxious temperament and the fear of COVID-19-related self-infection and infection in loved ones (family members, friends, relatives) and cyberchondria. The sample consisted of 499 men and women aged between 18 and 72 who were gathered from the general population via an online recruitment platform. A numerical rating scale comprising 11 degrees of fear was used to assess participants’ COVID-19-related fear, and affective temperaments were evaluated using Akiskal’s Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) scales. Cyberchondria was assessed using McElroy and Shevlin’s Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS). Small to medium positive correlations were found between depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments and cyberchondria and between depressive and anxious temperaments and COVID-19 fears. However, no correlation was observed between the hyperthymic temperament and cyberchondria. Cyberchondria positively correlated with both COVID-19 fears scales, though the correlation coefficients were medium. Based on the results of linear regression analysis, only anxious temperament and COVID-19 fear of self-infection were significant predictors of cyberchondria. The analysis also revealed a significant indirect effect of anxious temperament on cyberchondria through fear of COVID-19 self-infection as a mediator between anxious temperament and cyberchondria.
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Ria Rizka Awalliya. "Studi Tempramental Pada Mahasiswa Suku Jawa dan Madura di Kota Malang." Journal of Practice Learning and Educational Development 1, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.58737/jpled.v1i4.28.
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Temperament is individual differences in behavioral responses or characteristics that have been present since birth but can change and develop along with the experiences experienced by individuals. The individual's temperament affects the individual's tendency to behave and perceive something. This cross-cultural comparative study aims to determine the temperamental of students from the Javanese and Madurese ethnic groups, whether there are cross-cultural differences in the distribution of temperament levels. The results showed that the cultural environment greatly affects the temperamental of individuals, Javanese students tend to have a lower temperament attitude than Madurese students.
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Fordyce, G., RM Dodt, and JR Wythes. "Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern Queensland. 1. Factors affecting temperament." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 6 (1988): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880683.
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The temperaments of 170 bullocks and 240 cows from 2 commercial properties in northern Queensland were scored by rating their behaviours, especially movement, while they were handled in a crush and pound. High scores indicate poor temperaments. Brahman cross cattle had higher temperament scores than did Shorthorns (P< 0.05). The heaviest cattle tended to have the lowest scores, suggesting that selection for high growth rate may not result in poorer temperament. Horned cattle tended to have lower temperament scores than hornless cattle (P> 0.05), though it is suggested that any advantage to horned cattle may be outweighed by the production and husbandry advantages of the latter. There was no relationship between temperament scores and age, fatness and, in cows, pregnancy status.
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Fordyce, G., JR Wythes, WR Shorthose, DW Underwood, and RK Shepherd. "Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern Queensland. 2. Effect of temperament on carcass and meat quality." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 6 (1988): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880689.
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The effects on carcass bruising and muscle properties of the temperament scores of 170 bullocks and 240 cows (Brahman cross and Shorthorn) from 2 properties in northern Queensland were studied. Temperaments were scored by rating their behaviours when the cattle were handled in a crush and pound. High scores indicate poor temperaments. The bullocks and cows were respectively transported 740 and 1155 km to abattoirs and slaughtered 5-7 days after mustering. In both experiments, the estimated bruise trim per carcass increased by approximately 0.3 kg per unit increase in movement score for both temperament tests. Cattle with high temperament scores had more bruising along the back and around the tuber coxae and tuber ischii. Muscle samples from cattle with higher temperament scores tended to have higher mean initial yield and peak force shear values, thus indicating that their meat may have been less tender. Neither ultimate pH nor sarcomere length was related to temperament score.
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Choi, Sunho, Hyeona Yu, Joohyun Yoon, Yoonjeong Jang, Daseul Lee, Yun Seong Park, Hong Kyu Ihm, et al. "Korean Validation of the Short Version of the TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire) in Patients with Mood Disorders." Medicina 59, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010115.
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Background and Objectives: The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) is designed to assess affective temperaments. The short version of the TEMPS-A (TEMPS-A-SV) has been translated into various languages for use in research and clinical settings. However, no research has been conducted to validate the Korean version of the TEMPS-A-SV in patients with mood disorders. The goal of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the TEMPS-A-SV in Korean mood disorder patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 715 patients (267 patients with major depressive disorder, 94 patients with bipolar disorder I, and 354 patients with bipolar disorder II) completed the Korean TEMPS-A-SV. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were used to assess the reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was also performed. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to examine associations between the five temperaments. The difference in five temperament scores between the gender or diagnosis groups was analyzed, and the correlation between five temperament scores and age was tested. Results: The Korean TEMPS-A-SV displayed good internal consistency (α = 0.65–0.88, ω = 0.66–0.9) and significant correlations between the subscales except one (the correlation between hyperthymic and anxious). Using EFA, a two-factor structure was produced: Factor I (cyclothymic, depressive, irritable, and anxious) and Factor II (hyperthymic). The cyclothymic temperament score differed by gender and the anxious temperament score was significantly correlated with age. All the temperaments, except for irritable temperament, showed significant differences between diagnosis groups. Conclusions: Overall, the results show that the TEMPS-A-SV is a reliable and valid measurement that can be used for estimating Koreans’ affective temperaments. However, more research is required on affective temperaments and associated characteristics in people with mood disorders.
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Putri, Shabrina, Tarma Tarma, and Uswatun Hasanah. "TEMPERAMEN DAN JENIS KELAMIN DALAM SIBLING RIVALRY PADA REMAJA SMPN 196 JAKARTA." JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Pendidikan) 7, no. 02 (October 30, 2020): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jkkp.072.09.
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The purpose this research to find out and analyze the influence of temperament on sibling rivalry, the influence of gender on sibling rivalry, and the influence of temperament in gender on sibling rivalry. This research was conducted at the 196 Junior High School in Jakarta. Total samples were 128 respondents consisted of 65 female and 63 male respondents, age at 12-15 years. Research using the method of survey research method with the correlation appoarch. The result correlation with significance level 0,05 correlation temperament on sibling rivalry obtained at 0,661 ≥ 0,172 with tcount 9,89 ≥ ttable1,978. The shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between temperament on sibling rivalry. Correlation gender on sibling rivalry obtained 15,803 ≥ 14,07. The shows that there is a correlation between gender on sibling rivalry. Correlation temperament on sibling rivalry, obtained 0,646 ≥ 0,24, with tcount 6,72 > ttable 1,998 for female and 0,632 ≥ 0,244 with tcount 6,37 > ttable 1,999 for male. The shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between temperament in gender on sibling rivalry. The result significant regression, the first obtained 97,92 ≥ 3,94. The shows that there is a significant influence between temperament on sibling rivalry. The next result obtained 45,02 ≥ 4,0 for female and 40,52 ≥ 4,0 for male. The shows that there is a significant influence between temperament in gender on sibling rivalry.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh temperamen terhadap sibling rivalry, pengaruh jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry dan pengaruh temperamen berdasarkan jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 196 Jakarta. Total sample pada penelitian ini berjumlah 128 responden yang terdiri dari 65 responden perempuan dan 63 responden laki-laki, usia 12-15 tahun. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan korelasional. Berdasarkan hasil korelasi dengan taraf signifikan (p<0,05) pertama menunjukan 0,943 ≥ 0,172. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara temperamen terhadap sibling rivalry pada remaja. Kedua, 15,803 ≥ 14,07. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry. Ketiga 0,941 ≥ 0,24 untuk perempuan dan 0,934 ≥ 0,244 untuk laki-laki. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara temperamen berdasarkan jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry. Berdasarkan hasil uji signifikan regresi, pertama menunjukan 1011,2 ≥ 3,94. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat pengaruh temperamen terhadap sibling rivalry. Kedua 13,1 ≥ 3,94. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat pengaruh jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry. Ketiga 487,1 ≥ 4,0 untuk perempuan dan 415,7 ≥ 4,0 untuk laki-laki. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat pengaruh temperamen berdasarkan jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry.
Kata kunci : Jenis Kelamin, Remaja,Sibling Rivalry, Temperamen
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Lees, Angela M., Hannah E. Salvin, Ian G. Colditz, and Caroline Lee. "The Influence of Temperament on Body Temperature Response to Handling in Angus Cattle." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010172.
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Previous studies have indicated that cattle with more excitable temperaments exhibit an increased stress response. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperament traits, handling, and stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) in beef cattle. Rectal temperatures (TREC, °C) of 60 purebred Angus cattle (30 heifers, 30 steers; 235.2 ± 5.11 kg) were recorded at 20 s intervals from 30 min prior to handling until two hours post handling. All cattle were exposed to a standardized handling procedure consisting of (i) being restrained in a weighing box for 30 s; (ii) being held within the crush for 30 s; and then (iii) being restrained in a head bail for 60 s. Cattle temperaments were evaluated via three traits: (1) agitometer score (AG); (2) crush score (CS); and (3) flight speed (FS) during the handling procedure. Agitometer scores and FS measures were used to describe an AG category (AGCAT) and an FS category (FSCAT) that were used to classify animals into three temperament categories: 1, calm; 2, intermediate; and 3, temperamental. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the associations between (i) AG, CS, FS, and TREC 30 min prior to entry into the weighing box (T-30) and then at 1 min intervals between time of entry into the weighing box (T0) until 10 min post-weighing (T10); and (ii) the relationship between AG, CS, and FS. The relationship between TREC and temperament traits over the 2.5 h were modeled by using a first-order autoregressive repeated measures model. Flight speed had strong to moderate associations with TREC at T-30 (r ≥ 0.37; p ≤ 0.006) and between T0 and T10 (r ≥ 0.36; p ≤ 0.01). There were moderate associations amongst TREC between T0 and T10 and CS (r ≥ 0.31; p ≤ 0.01). A weak relationship existed with CS (r = 0.16; p = 0.16). There were no associations between AG and TREC at T-30 (r ≥ −0.15; p = 0.84) or between T0 and T10 (r ≤ 0.04; p ≥ 0.4). Rectal temperature, irrespective of sex and temperament traits, was influenced by time (p < 0.0001), and maximum TREC (39.3 ± 0.04 °C) occurred between 4 and 5.7 min after entry into the weighing box. In addition, CS (p = 0.007) influenced TREC in these cattle. There were also time × temperament trait × sex interactions with the CS (p = 0.0003) and FSCAT (p = 0.043) categories; however, time × temperament trait interactions were not statistically significant. Results from this study suggest that cattle with excitable temperaments, as evaluated by FS and CS, have a greater increase in TREC. In addition, these results suggest that a relationship exists between basal TREC and FS and CS. Together, these results highlight that temperament, as assessed by FS and CS, influences both basal TREC and the peak temperature recorded following handling but does not influence the magnitude of change in TREC post handling.
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Cordeiro, R. C. "FC23-01 - Affective temperament and and attachment - also a study about depression and anxiety in a young adult population." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73643-4.
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IntroductionThe transition from adolescence into adulthood is a stage of human development characterized by a broad change of physical and psychological dimensions.Objectives and aimsTo examine the associations between affective temperaments (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious) and attachment styles in a population of adolescents and young adults.MethodSample: 760 nursing students from 4 Higher Schools. Data was collected by a self-report questionnaire, with several measures: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-A), (Akiskal & Akiskal, 2005a, Figueira et al., 2008), the Intimate Friendship Scale (Sharabany, 1994; Cordeiro, 2007), Father/Mother Attachment Questionnaire - QVPM, Version IV (Matos & Costa, 2001a), Love Attachment Questionnaire - QVA, Version III (Matos & Costa, 2001b), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1967; Vaz Serra & Pio de Abreu, 1973ab) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI - Forms Y-1 and Y-2 (Spielberger, Gorsuch & Lushene, 1997, Silva & Campos, 1998, Santos & Silva, 1997).ResultsThe participants are mostly female (83.3%) with an average age of 21.3 years.The dominant affective temperament for the total of the studied population was the depressive temperament but the results suggested a balance between anxious and irritable temperaments and also between depressive and cyclothymic temperaments.ConclusionThe attachment to a best friend has shown to be associated with anxious temperament. All temperaments were associated with several factors of attachment to the mother, the father or to love peers.A correlation between temperament and anxiety and between temperament and depressive symptoms were also found.
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Białczyk, Katarzyna, Jan Kłopocki, Jacek Kryś, Maciej Jaskulski, Anna Lewandowska, Robert Szafkowski, Karol Ogurkowski, Derek Pheby, Karl Morten, and Marcin Jaracz. "A Feasibility Study of the Usefulness of the TEMPS-A Scale in Assessing Affective Temperament in Athletes." Medicina 58, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020195.
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Background and objectives: Current studies show an important role of affective temperament in sport performance. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the use of the TEMPS-A scale, by using it to examine five dimensions of affective temperament in three groups of athletes. We hypothesized that temperament may be a predisposing factor to the level of commitment and type of training. Materials and methods: The study group (N:71, 33 female) consisted of professional canoeists (N:25, aged 18–30), sports pilots (N:21, aged 19–57) and non-professionals regularly performing aerobic exercises (N:25, aged 23–33). The Affective Temperament of Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) was used to evaluate affective temperament dimensions. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. Results: The TEMPS_A scale shows good internal consistency; a hyperthymic temperament was associated with different factors compared to other temperament traits. The most prevalent trait in the study group was hyperthymic temperament. The study group scored higher on hyperthymic and lower on depressive and anxious temperaments when compared with the general population. Canoeists scored higher on cyclothymic temperament compared with non-professional athletes and on cyclothymic and irritable dimensions in comparison with pilots. Pilots obtained significantly lower scores on irritable and anxious temperaments than non-professional athletes. Females scored higher on both hyperthymic and irritable dimensions. No significant differences were found in respect of depressive, cyclothymic and anxious traits. Age was negatively correlated with cyclothymic and irritable temperament scores. Conclusions: TEMPS-A scale is a useful tool for assessing affective temperament in athletes. The results suggest that affective temperament may be a factor influencing physical activity engagement. Different types of activities may be connected with different temperament dimensions. Younger athletes present a higher tendency to mood lability and sensitivity to environmental factors. However, further research is needed, involving larger numbers of subjects.
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Hausser, Tina. "Temperament im Gleichgewicht." Deutsche Heilpraktiker-Zeitschrift 12, no. 08 (December 2017): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-123021.
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Summary Jeder Mensch ist durch ein bestimmtes Temperament geprägt. Dabei unterscheidet man die vier Typen: Melancholiker, Phlegmatiker, Sanguiniker und Choleriker. Verschiebungen des Temperaments können sich in Form von psychischen und körperlichen Störungen manifestieren. Hinweise dafür liefern Augen-, Puls- und Zungendiagnose. Mit gezielten Empfehlungen für die Ernährung und Lebensführung lassen sich Störungen im Temperament ausgleichen. So können Krankheiten vorgebeugt oder gelindert werden.
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Iliceto, Paolo, Maurizio Pompili, David Lester, Xenia Gonda, Cinzia Niolu, Nicoletta Girardi, Zoltán Rihmer, Gabriella Candilera, and Paolo Girardi. "Relationship between Temperament, Depression, Anxiety, and Hopelessness in Adolescents: A Structural Equation Model." Depression Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/160175.
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The purpose of this study was to test the validity of affective temperaments for predicting psychiatric morbidity and suicide risk, using a two-factor model to explain the relationships between temperament, anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. We investigated 210 high school students, 103 males and 107 females, 18-19 years old, who were administered self-report questionnaires to assess temperament (TEMPS-A), depression (BDI-II), anxiety (STAI) and hopelessness (BHS). The final structural model had a good fit with the data, with two factors significantly correlated, the first labeled unstable cyclothymic temperament including Dysthymic/Cyclothymic/Anxious temperament, Irritable temperament and Depression, and the second labeled Demoralization including Anxiety (State/Trait) and Hopelessness. Depression, anxiety and hopelessness are in a complex relationship partly mediated by temperament.
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Belteczki, Zsuzsanna, Zoltan Rihmer, Sandor Rozsa, Julia Ujvari, Maurizio Pompili, Xenia Gonda, and Péter Dome. "Affective Temperaments, Panic Disorder and Their Bipolar Connections." Medicina 57, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030289.
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Background and Objectives: The role of affective temperament in the genesis and outcome of major mood disorders is well studied, but there are only a few reports on the relationship between panic disorder (PD) and affective temperaments. Accordingly, we aimed to study the distribution of affective temperaments (depressive (DE); cyclothymic (CT); irritable (IRR); hyperthymic (HT) and anxious (ANX)) among outpatients with PD. Materials and Methods: Affective temperaments of 118 PD outpatients (80 females and 38 males) with or without agoraphobia but without any other psychiatric disorder at the time of inclusion were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) and compared with the affective temperament scores of control subjects. All patients were followed up for at least 1.5 years in order to detect the onset of any major affective disorders, substance use disorders and suicide attempts. Results: Among females, the dominant ANX and DE temperaments were four and three times as common as in a large normative Hungarian sample (for both cases p < 0.01). Among male PD patients, only the dominant DE temperament was slightly overrepresented in a non-significant manner. Females with PD obtained significantly higher scores on ANX, DE and CT subscales of the TEMPS-A, whereas males with PD showed significantly higher scores on ANX, DE and HT temperament subscales compared with the members of a large normative Hungarian sample and also with a gender- and age-matched control group. During the follow-up, newly developed unipolar major depression and bipolar spectrum (bipolar I or II and cyclothymic) disorders appeared in 64% and 22% of subjects, respectively. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that a specific, ANX-DE-CT affective temperament profile is characteristic primarily for female patients, and an ANX-DE-HT affective temperament profile is characteristic for male patients with PD, respectively. These findings are in line with expectations because PD is an anxiety disorder par excellence on the one hand, whereas, on the other hand, it is quite frequently comorbid with mood (including bipolar) disorders.
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Lee, Soo Jin, Sudong Jeong, and Han Chae. "The moderating and mediating effects of personality on the association between morningness and well-being." PeerJ 11 (August 11, 2023): e15861. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15861.
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Background Morningness (morning-eveningness preference or chronotypes) and personality can be both associated with well-being, but few studies have directly compared these two constructs as correlates of well-being. Thus, the first purpose of this study was to test the effects of interactions between stable personality traits (temperaments) and morningness on well-being. Furthermore, personality factors are often composed of both stable biological factors (temperament) and socio-cultural factors (character), and little is known about personality interplay of temperament and character factors with respect to morningness and well-being. The second purpose of this study was therefore to examine the sequential mediating effects of temperament and character factors on the relationship between morningness and well-being. Methods The Composite Scale of Morningness, the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short Version (TCI-RS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to measure morningness, personality dimensions, and well-being, respectively, in 287 Korean university students. Moderating and sequentially mediating effects of temperament and character traits were determined using Hayes’ PROCESS macro in SPSS after controlling for sex and age. Results First, novelty-seeking (NS) and persistence (PS) temperaments have demonstrated the moderating effect in the association between morningness and well-being. The positive effects of morningness on life satisfaction increased with lower NS and PS, respectively. However, other temperaments such as harm avoidance (HA) and reward dependence (RD) have not shown the moderation in the relationship between morningness on well-being. Second, HA temperament and self-directedness (SD) character sequentially mediated the relationship between morningness and well-being. The combination of low scores of HA and high scores of SD have shown the positive effect on the relationship between morningness and well-being. Discussion This study demonstrated that both the interactions between temperaments and morningness, and combination of specific TCI-RS temperament and character traits play important roles in influencing the association between morningness and well-being. The significance of the mature SD character and its implications for well-being are discussed with limitation of the present study.
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Kaye, Miranda P., David E. Conroy, and Angela M. Fifer. "Individual Differences in Incompetence Avoidance." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 30, no. 1 (February 2008): 110–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.1.110.
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This study compared the fear of failure and perfectionism constructs by analyzing their latent structure as well as their motivational antecedents and consequences. College students (N = 372) enrolled in physical activity classes completed a battery of questionnaires assessing fear of failure, perfectionism, approach and avoidance motivational temperaments, and 2 × 2 achievement goals. Structural equation modeling revealed that responses were best summarized by two correlated factors representing perfectionistic strivings and concerns. Avoidance temperament was positively associated with both forms of incompetence avoidance; however, approach temperament was positively related only to perfectionist strivings. Perfectionistic concerns were positively related to the adoption of mastery-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals and negatively related to the adoption of mastery-approach goals. Perfectionistic strivings were positively associated with both approach goals. These results indicate that strivings to avoid incompetence can be distinguished with respect to their latent structure, temperamental antecedents, and motivational consequences.
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Bilgiç, Ayhan, Savaş Yılmaz, Özlem Özcan, Ali Evren Tufan, Sevgi Özmen, Didem Öztop, Ömer Faruk Akça, Serhat Türkoğlu, and Ahmet Yar. "The Relationship Between Parental Affective Temperament Traits and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Symptoms in Children With ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 22, no. 13 (April 28, 2016): 1235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716646449.
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Objective: This study investigated the relationship between parental affective temperaments and the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms of children with ADHD. Method: The sample consisted of 542 treatment-naive children with ADHD and their biological parents. Children were assessed via both parent- and teacher-rated behavioral disorder scales. Parental affective temperament and ADHD symptoms were measured by self-report inventories. The relationships between psychiatric variables were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Results: According to parent-rated behavioral disorder scales, paternal cyclothymic and maternal irritable temperaments were associated with ODD scores, and maternal depressive temperament was associated with CD scores. In terms of teacher-rated behavioral disorder scales, maternal anxious temperament was associated with ODD scores, and paternal cyclothymic and maternal depressive temperaments were associated with CD scores. Conclusion: These results suggest that certain parental affective temperaments are related to an increase in symptoms of disruptive behavioral disorders in children with ADHD.
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Tore, Elena C., Evangelia E. Antoniou, Keith Reed, Taunton R. Southwood, Luc Smits, Joseph P. McCleery, and Maurice P. Zeegers. "Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and twins’ temperament." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174418001101.
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AbstractMaternal pre-pregnancy weight has been related with young singletons’ cognitive and behavioral development, but it is not clear if it has an effect on temperament. We used a twin cohort to evaluate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and infants’ temperament. The mothers of 834 twins answered questions regarding their pre-pregnancy BMI and their 0- to 18-month-old children’s temperament using the Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Three temperamental dimensions were examined: activity level, distress to limitation and duration of orienting. The relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and each temperamental component was investigated by means of multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis. We found no clear evidence of an association of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI with twins’ temperament. The development of temperament is influenced by a large number of factors, probably different from those influencing children’s emotional and behavioral development.
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Infortuna, Carmenrita, Fortunato Battaglia, David Freedberg, Carmela Mento, Fiammetta Iannuzzo, Rosa De Stefano, Clara Lombardo, Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello, and Antonio Bruno. "Emotional Temperament and Character Dimensions and State Anger as Predictors of Preference for Rap Music in Italian Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 13650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013650.
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The objective of the current work was to examine the relationships between affective temperaments dimensions, trait anger, and the preference for rap music in a sample of Italian adults. An online survey was administered to 662 subjects. We assessed preference for rap music using a Likert scale. Ina addition, we investigated the sample’ affective temperament traits using the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego (TEMPS-A) short scale and the trait anger by using the Trait Anger component of the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2). Multiple linear regression indicated that cyclothymic temperament score, hyperthymic temperament score, and trait anger scores were positive predictors while older age, and depressive temperament and higher education score were negative predictors of preference for rap music. The results expand previous literature on personality and music preference indicating the association of high energy/high activity temperaments and trait anger to preference for rap music.
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Willoughby, Michael T., Nisha C. Gottfredson, and Cynthia A. Stifter. "Observed temperament from ages 6 to 36 months predicts parent- and teacher-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in first grade." Development and Psychopathology 29, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415001236.
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AbstractThis study tested the prospective association between observational indicators of temperament, which were obtained across multiple assessments when children were 6–36 months of age, and parent and teacher reports of children's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviors, when children were in first grade. Data were drawn from the Family Life Project and included 1,074 children for whom temperament and either parent- or teacher-reported ADHD behavioral data were available. The results of variable-centered regression models indicated that individual differences in temperament regulation, but not temperamental reactivity, was uniquely predictive of parent- and teacher-reported ADHD behaviors. Latent profile analyses were used to characterize configurations of temperamental reactivity and regulation. Person-centered regression models were subsequently estimated in which temperamental profile membership replaced continuous indicators of temperamental reactivity and regulation as predictors. The results of person-centered regression models indicated that temperamental reactivity and regulation both contributed (both alone and in combination) to the prediction of subsequent ADHD behaviors. In general, the predictive associations from early temperament to later ADHD were of modest magnitude (R2 = .10–.17). Results are discussed with respect to interest in the early identification of children who are at elevated risk for later ADHD.
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Gonda, X., D. Torok, N. Eszlari, D. Gyorik, A. Millinghoffer, G. Bagdy, and G. Juhasz. "“… wise, amazed, temp’rate, and furious, Loyal and neutral, in a moment”: first heritability analysis of affective temperaments reports remarkably high SNP-based heritability." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S352—S353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.768.
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IntroductionDepression shows a moderate heritability of 37-42%, which can be up to 75% in severely depressed samples 75%. At the same time SNP-based heritability of depression in GWAS-s is around 8-9%. Heterogeneity of the depressive phenotype may contribute not only to the lack of understanding its genetic background but may also hinder the identification of novel targets. Thus clinically relevant intermediate endophenotypes are needed for. The affective temperaments in the Akiskal model may be considered high-risk states or subclinical manifestations of mood disorders. Considering their strong genetic and biological background, high heritability in family studies, and their temporal stability, they may prove to be relevant endophenotypes for depression.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to investigate the genetic determinants and heritability of affective temperaments based on a GWAS approach.Methods775 subjects aged between 18-60 years recruited in Budapest, Hungary provided genetic samples and completed questionnaires including the TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego) scale. A genome-wide association analysis was performed with the five affective temperaments as outcome variables. Age, gender, the top 10 principal components of the genome, and the other 4 phenotype were added in the model as covariates. Summary statistics derived from the GWAS analyses were used to estimate the heritability, i.e. the genetic variance explained by the different affective temperaments. LD score regression using LDPred2 [4] was performed to estimate heritability from the beta values and effect size in case of all 5 affective temperament phenotypes.Resultsrs3798978 showed a genome-wide significance (p=4.44x10-8) for anxious temperament, and several other variants showed suggestive significances for all five temperaments. The highest estimated heritability (h2 = 0.5224) was observed for the depressive temperament, and similarly high heritability was observed for the hyperthymic temperament (h2 = 0.4956). Anxious and cyclothymic temperaments showed almost the same heritability (cyclothymic h2 = 0.1651, anxious h2 = 0.1663), whereas for the irritable temperament, we got negative heritability estimation (h2 = -0.0567), which means that all of the phenotypic variance is explained by environmental factors.ConclusionsOur analyses yielded remarkably high heritability values for depressive and hyperthymic temperaments explaining 52% and 50% of phenotypic variances. In contrast to the 8-9% SNP-based heritability in depression studies our findings suggest that these temperaments may be relevant endophenotypes for mood disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Orsolini, L., S. Pompili, A. Cicolini, L. Ricci, and U. Volpe. "Eveningness chronotype and depressive affective temperament associated with higher high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.566.
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IntroductionSeveral studies investigated the role of inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, by also evaluating how CRP may exert a pathoplastic and/or psychopatological role in mood disorders.ObjectivesThe aim of our cross-sectional study is evaluating the high-sensitivity C-reactive-protein (hsCRP) levels in a cohort of unipolar and bipolar depressive inpatients, in relation with psychopathological, temperamental and chronotype features.MethodsAmong 313 screened inpatients, we recruited 133 moderate-to-severe depressive patients who were assessed for hsCRP levels, chronotype with Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and affective temperament with Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS).ResultshsCRP levels were significantly higher among those with previous suicide attempt (p=0.05), death (p=0.018) and self-harm/self-injury thoughts (p=0.011). In addition, hsCRP levels were significantly higher among patients with hypertension (p=0.020) and dyslipidemia (p=0.013). Moreover, positive correlation were found between hsCRP levels and the number of illness of years (p<0.001). Significant positive correlation were found between hsCRP levels and depressive (p<0.001) and cyclothymic (p<0.001) affective temperaments, while a negative correlations were reported between hsCRP levels and hypertimic (p<0.001) and irritable (p=0.029) affective temperaments. Eveningness chronotypes subject displayed higher hsCRP levels compared to intermediate-type and morningness-type chronotypes (p<0.001). Linear regression analyses, adjusted for all covariates, demonstrated that higher scores at the TEMPS-M depressive, while lower scores at the hyperthymic and irritable affective temperaments [F=88.955, R2=0.710, p<0.001] and lower MEQ scores [F=75.456, R2=0.405, p<0.001] statistically significantly predicted higher hsCRP.ConclusionsEveningness chronotype and a depressive affective temperament appeared to be associated with higher hsCRP levels during moderate-to-severe unipolar and bipolar depression. Further longitudinal and larger studies should better characterise patients with mood disorders by investigating the influence of chronotype and temperament.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Fordyce, G., ME Goddard, R. Tyler, G. Williams, and MA Toleman. "Temperament and bruising of Bos indicus cross cattle." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850283.
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This experiment investigated the temperaments of 232 Bos indicus cross steers and the relationship between temperament and bruising in bovine carcasses. The temperament of each animal was assessed while held in a race by rating the vigour of movement and the degree of audible respiration when handled about the head and shoulders. These scores and scores for other behaviours were combined to form a temperament score for each animal. The five groups of steers used varied significantly in temperament (P< 0.01); this was considered to be primarily a function of their previous handling experience. There was a significant negative correlation between temperament score and liveweight (P < 0.01). In this group of relatively quiet steers no significant relationship between temperament and carcass bruising at slaughter was found.
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Heszen, Irena. "Temperament and Coping Activity Under Stress of Changing Intensity Over Time." European Psychologist 17, no. 4 (January 1, 2012): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000121.
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Temperament is probably an important factor that influences coping activity. The framework of the study was the Regulative Theory of Temperament by Strelau, where six temperamental traits are distinguished: emotional reactivity, perseveration, activity, briskness, sensory sensitivity, and endurance. These traits were hypothesized to be connected to coping activity in accordance with their psychological characteristics. It was also expected that the associations between temperament and coping activity should depend on stress intensity. Participants were 278 diabetics and 232 patients after first myocardial infarction (MI). The study was longitudinal and two diseases had been purposely selected so as to represent stress intensity either increasing (in diabetes) or decreasing (after MI) over time. Temperamental traits as well as coping activity components: cognitive appraisal, affect, and coping strategies were measured using self-report questionnaires. As hypothesized, temperamental traits were connected to coping activity. Phase-related changes in coping activity confirmed an increase in stress levels in diabetics, while cardiac patients tended to experience the situation as more challenging. While the expectation referring to the differential role of temperament under different levels of stress intensity was not confirmed, the connections of temperament with coping activity were found to decrease under long-term stress.
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Lovato, Irene, Lucy D. Vanes, Chiara Sacchi, Alessandra Simonelli, Laila Hadaya, Dana Kanel, Shona Falconer, et al. "Early Childhood Temperamental Trajectories following Very Preterm Birth and Their Association with Parenting Style." Children 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2022): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9040508.
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Childhood temperament is an early characteristic shaping later life adjustment. However, little is currently known about the stability of early temperament and its susceptibility to the environment in children born very preterm (VPT; <33 weeks’ gestation). Here, we investigated infant-to-childhood temperamental trajectories, and their interaction with parental practices, in VPT children. Maternal reports of infant temperament were collected in 190 infants (mean age: 11.27 months; range 9–18 months) enrolled in the longitudinal Evaluation of Preterm Imaging (ePrime; Eudra: CT 2009-011602-42) study, using the ePrime questionnaire on infant temperament. At 4–7 years of age, further assessments of child temperament (Children’s Behavior Questionnaire—Very Short Form) and parenting style (Arnold’s Parenting Scale) were conducted. Results showed that more difficult temperament in infancy was associated with increased Negative Affectivity in childhood, regardless of parenting practices. This lends support to the stability of early temperamental traits reflecting negative emotionality. In contrast, a lax parenting style moderated the relationship between easy infant temperament and Negative Affectivity at 4–7 years, such that an easier infant temperament was increasingly associated with higher childhood Negative Affectivity scores as parental laxness increased. These results highlight a potential vulnerability of VPT infants considered by their mothers to be easy to handle, as they may be more susceptible to the effects of suboptimal parenting in childhood.
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Lee, Vivian, Eric Duku, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Teresa Bennett, Peter Szatmari, Mayada Elsabbagh, Connor Kerns, et al. "Temperament influences the relationship between symptom severity and adaptive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 24, no. 8 (July 2, 2020): 2057–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320933048.
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Temperament is a construct that is relatively stable over time but varies between individuals. Research suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder have a ‘reactive’ temperament profile when compared to peers with or without disabilities. However, our understanding of how temperament varies within children with autism and how it relates to child symptoms and outcomes is limited. This study aimed to (a) explore the variation of individual temperament traits within a sample of school-aged children with autism to determine whether subgroups of children with similar trait profiles emerge and (b) examine whether temperament influences the relationship between autism symptoms and adaptive functioning outcomes. Results revealed that children with autism can be classified empirically into two distinct profiles – ‘Even’ and ‘Reactive’ temperaments. Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses indicated that both temperament profiles and baseline symptom severity predicted adaptive functioning outcomes 1 year later. There was a significant interaction between temperament and symptom severity, suggesting temperament can influence the impact of increasing symptom severity on adaptive functioning skills in children with autism. Study findings highlight the importance of considering temperament in understanding the individual differences that influence the development of daily functioning and developmental outcomes in children with autism. Lay Abstract Temperament is often thought of as behavioural traits that are relatively stable over time but can vary between individuals. Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are often characterized as having ‘reactive’ and ‘negative’ temperaments when compared to same-aged peers with or without disabilities, which can negatively impact the development of adaptive functioning skills but little is known about variations of temperament between individual children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to (a) explore the variation of individual temperament traits within a sample of school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder to determine whether subgroups with similar trait profiles emerge and (b) examine whether temperament influences the relationship between autism symptoms and adaptive functioning outcomes. Results from our dataset suggest that children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder fit under two profiles: ‘even’ and ‘reactive’. Furthermore, our analysis shows that temperament can influence the impact of increasing symptom severity on adaptive functioning skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Study findings highlight the importance of considering temperament when trying to understand the individual differences that influence the development of functioning and developmental outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder.
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Ateeque Ahmed, Sana Kauser, Osama Riyaz Ahmed, and Tasfiya Hakeem Ansari. "Parameters of Temperament (Mizaj) & Their Significance to Determine Human Temperament." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2023): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231015.
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The concept of Mizaj (temperament) is existent for centuries. In Unani System of Medicine, temperament has a pivotal role in determination of the status of the individuals. An individual's temperament is determined via the somatic parameters relating to the individual's bone structure, muscle/fat mass and distribution, complexion, emotional profile, response to climatic conditions, dietary preferences, and a number of other features¹. Temperament has combining features of a person's physical and psychological attributes. So, it is responsible for personality features, and the tendency/risk factors towards particular disorders. Accordingly, temperament has significant role to assess the predisposition, diagnosis and treatment of innumerable diseases. Also, the individuals with diverse temperaments definitely differ in their physical and psychological features. Thus, their characterization is primarily based on these two things and their related attributes. In the present article the parameters of mizaj (temperament) according to different Unani scholars has been described in detail. Keywords: parameters of mizaj; temperament; Unani System of medicine; diagnosis of disease.
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Brahmi, L., B. Amemou, A. Adouni, A. Mhalla, and L. Gaha. "Impact of temperament on mental illness stigma among medical students." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.553.
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Introduction Mental illness stigma is the most significant obstacle impeding the wellbeing of individuals with such conditions. Thus, research on determinants of mental illness stigma may be of crucial importance in avoiding these attitudes. Affective temperaments are thought to be present in up to 20% of the healthy general population. However, there are very few studies addressing the relationship between temperament and mental health-related stigma. Objectives Evaluate attitudes and behavioral responses of medical students towards individuals with a mental illness. Explore factors associated with stigma including temperament. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among students in medical universities. All participants were invited to complete a brief anonymous electronic survey administered on the google forms online platform. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, Stigma Measurement, Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA). Students were also asked to complete the TEMPS-A Scale. Results The sample consisted of 1028 respondents (9.3% of the total population). Females represented 78,3% of the study sample. A dominant affective temperament was found in 17% of the cases under study, represented mainly by depressive and irritable temperaments. Bivariate correlations performed to assess the association between temperament and mental illness stigma revealed that a positive relationship was identified between the MICA scale and hyperthymic temperament( p=0,04). There were no significant associations between the other type of temperaments and The MICA scale. Conclusions Students’ temperament should be considered in developing anti-stigma programs in undergraduate education. Further researches should be undertaken to disentangle the complex relationship among demographic features, personality traits, and attitudes toward people with a mental illness. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Rudnova, Natalia, and Dmitry Kornienko. "A contextual approach to the characteristics of a preschooler’s temperament: The role of the educational environment." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology 13, no. 4 (2023): 475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.403.
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According to numerous past and contemporary studies, biological factors (such as matura- tion of the nervous system) and a number of environmental factors influence the develop- ment of temperament. It has been demonstrated that, among other environmental factors that influence the manifestation of temperamental characteristics, the relationships be- tween parents and children can be viewed as an indicator of the social environment. When a child transitions from the family environment to the educational environment, the quality of which is a significant element in the continued development of preschoolers, the child’s temperament characteristics begin to play an increasingly essential role in the process of socialization. In this regard, it is important to investigate whether there is a correlation between the characteristics of temperament and the structural and procedural aspects of the educational environment. According to previous studies, the characteristics of the edu- cational milieu are related to the temperamental characteristics of a child. More research has been conducted on the relationship between a child’s temperament and the procedural characteristics of the environment, i. e. the interactions and relationships between the child and the teacher. One of the principal conclusions is that this relationship is reciprocal: the teacher’s attitude toward the child influences the manifestation of temperamental traits, and the child’s temperament influences the quality of the relationship. The structure of the educational environment is also related to a child’s temperament; however, data on this re- lationship have been collected for a very long time and are extremely limited, necessitating further empirical research to validate the results obtained. This paper examines the rela- tionship between temperament and the parameters of the educational environment, taking into consideration its interactivity (M.Rothbart), the goodness of fit (A.Thomas, S.Chess), the niche picking (S. Scarr, C.McCarthy), the differential susceptibility hypothesis (B. Ellis), and sensitive periods of the development of temperament properties. The possibilities of considering children’s temperament into the implementation of educational programs in preschool institutions are discussed.