Academic literature on the topic 'Tellurium – Metallurgy'

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Journal articles on the topic "Tellurium – Metallurgy"

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Guo, Ya Fei, Nan Zhang, Dong Chan Li, Fa Mang Tang, and Tian Long Deng. "Tellurium Recovery from the Unique Tellurium Ores." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 1060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.1060.

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Generally, along with the rapid economic development in our country, the requirement of mineral resource is gradually increasing. Compared with the traditional metallurgy, the biohydrometallurgy has the merit of light damage of environment, low cost, and a few investments, and then it can treat with very low-grade ores even industrial disposals. Since the discovery of scattered elemental tellurium deposit in China, the development and utilization of this unique independent tellurium ores were studied. In this paper, firstly, the progresses on tellurium recovery process from the unique tellurium ores were summarized, and then, the experimental results on bioleaching in our lab were presented.
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Gelbstein, Y., Z. Dashevsky, R. Kreizman, Y. George, M. Gelbstein, and M. P. Dariel. "Annealing Effects on Powder Metallurgy Based Pb1-xSnxTe Materials for Thermoelectric Applications." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.860.

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Lead tin telluride based alloys are known p-type materials for thermoelectric applications, in the 50-600oC temperature range. These alloys combine desired features of mechanical and thermoelectric properties. The electronic transport properties of PbTe and Pb1-xSnxTe materials may be strongly dependent on the preparation technique. Powder metallurgy process is known to introduce defects and strains, that may alter carrier concentration. Under such non-equilibrium conditions the thermoelectric properties are instable at the operating temperature. An appropriate annealing treatment can eliminate this effect.. The present communication describes the annealing treatment applied to cold compacted and sintered Pb1-xSnxTe materials.
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Ren, Wei, Xue Quan Liu, Xiao Lin Wang, and Hong Yi Jiang. "Thermoelectric Properties of Bismuth Telluride Based Materials Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Processing." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.864.

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Polycrystalline samples of Bi2Te3 based alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy processing including a melting-grinding and a sintering procedure of compacted pellets. Two sintering procedures as hot-pressing and spark plasma sintering (SPS) were employed. The thermoelectric properties and mechanical strength were measured in all case. Thermoelectric properties for p-type (Bi0.25Sb0.75)2Te3 and n-type Bi2(Te0.2Se0.8)3 changed with sintering temperature in both sintering methods. Mechanical strength and relative density increase with sintering temperature in two sintering procedures. The results firmly suggest that both sintering procedures are promising to obtain high performance thermoelectric materials.
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Vallasek, Stefan I., Zsolt Veres, András Roósz, János Szőke, Péter Szirovicza, and Pál Bárczy. "Production of Single Crystal Thermoelectric Bismuth Telluride Alloys." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.263.

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Thermoelectric (TE) semiconductor materials are widely used for miniaturized versatile cooling devices in a wide spectrum of equipments and energy generation in space vehicles. The bismuth telluride pseudobinary alloy family presents the best characteristics for room temperature TE cooling applications. Using appropriately oriented single crystals instead of the well known polycrystalline materials made by powder metallurgy methods, the efficiency of the TE device (Thermoelectric Cooler – TEC or Thermoelectric Generator – TEG) could be almost doubled. For having good quality TE material it is required to produce equally doped single crystals by the controlled crystallization process, namely with the Bridgman-Stockbarber method. Our experiments were made in the Universal Multizone Crystallizator Type UMC, developed by the ADMATIS Ltd., Miskolc, using a quartz tube under high vacuum conditions and automatically controlled thermal field parameters. The crystallographic analysis of the obtained samples was made by Scanning Electron Microscopy – (SEM), X Ray Diffraction – (XRD), and neutron diffraction (TOF spectrometry).
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Li, Tse-Hsiao, Jenn-Dong Hwang, Hsu-Shen Chu, Chun-Mu Chen, Chia-Chan Hsu, Chien-Neng Liao, Hsiu-Ying Chung, Tsai-Kun Huang, Jing-Yi Huang, and Huey-Lin Hsieh. "Preparation and evaluation of the n-type PbTe based material properties for thermoelectric generators." MRS Proceedings 1490 (2013): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.123.

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ABSTRACTOwing to energy conservation of waste heat, Lead telluride, PbTe, based materials have promising good thermoelectric properties around a range of middle temperature (Fig. 1, from 300 to 600°C), due to their high melting point, fine chemical stability, and the high figure of merit Z. The general physical properties and factors affecting the figure of merit have been reviewed. This research is focused on the n-type of PbTe materials and collocated with analysis of densities, hardness, elastic modulus, and thermoelectric properties thermoelectric figure of merit ZT=GS2T/κ (where G is electrical conductivity, S is Seebeck coefficient , T is absolute temperature, and κ is thermal conductivity). Room temperature hardness and Young’s modulus are measured by nano-indentation. In this study, the hot-press compacts under the pressure of 4 ton/cm2 can reach the maximum density about 8.2 g/cm3, and hardness and elastic modulus are 0.6 GPa and 70 GPa, respectively. The figure of merit value (ZT) of PbTe in low temperature (around 340°C) was found about 1 with carrier concentration above 1019 cm−3. These results also indicate that the powder metallurgy parameters provide potentialities for further increase of the high efficiency of energy conversion in PbTe materials.
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Imamaliyeva, Samira Zakir. "New Thallium Tellurides with Rare Earth Elements." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 22, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2020.22/3117.

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Compounds of the Tl4LnTe3 (Ln-Nd, Sm, Tb, Er, Tm) composition were synthesized by the direct interaction of stoichiometric amounts of thallium telluride Tl2Te elementary rare earth elements (REE) and tellurium in evacuated (10-2 Pa) quartz ampoules. The samples obtained were identified by differential thermal and X-ray phase analyses. Based on the data from the heating thermograms, it was shown that these compounds melt with decomposition by peritectic reactions. Analysis of powder diffraction patterns showed that they were completely indexed in a tetragonal lattice of the Tl5Te3 type (space group I4/mcm). Using the Le Bail refinement, the crystal lattice parameters of the synthesized compounds were calculated.It was found that when the thallium atoms located in the centres of the octahedra were substituted by REE atoms, there occurred a sharp decrease in the а parameter and an increase in the с parameter. This was due to the fact that the substitution of thallium atoms with REE cations led to the strengthening of chemical bonds with tellurium atoms. This was accompanied by some distortion of octahedra and an increase in the с parameter. A correlation between the parameters of the crystal lattices and the atomic number of the lanthanide was revealed: during the transition from neodymium to thulium, therewas an almost linear decrease in both parameters of the crystal lattice, which was apparently associated with lanthanide contraction. The obtained new compounds complement the extensive class of ternary compounds - structural analogues of Tl5Te3 and are of interest as potential thermoelectric and magnetic materials. References1. Berger L. I., Prochukhan V. D. Troinye almazopodobnyepoluprovodniki [Ternary diamond-like semiconductors].Moscow: Metallurgiya; 1968. 151 p. (In Russ.)2. Villars P, Prince A. Okamoto H. Handbook ofternary alloy phase diagrams (10 volume set). MaterialsPark, OH: ASM International; 1995. 15000 p.3. Tomashyk V. N. Multinary Alloys Based on III-VSemiconductors. CRC Press; 2018. 262 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/97804290553484. Babanly M. B., Chulkov E. V., Aliev Z. S. et al. Phasediagrams in materials science of topological insulatorsbased on metal chalkogenides. Russian Journal ofInorganic Chemistry. 2017;62(13): 1703–1729. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1134/S00360236171300345. Imamaliyeva S. Z., Babanly D. M., Tagiev D. B.,Babanly M. B. Physicochemical aspects of developmentof multicomponent chalcogenide phases having theTl5Te3 structure. A Review. Russian Journal of InorganicChemistry. 2018;63(13): 1703–1724 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s00360236181300416. Asadov M. M., Babanly M. B., Kuliev A. A. Phaseequilibria in the system Tl–Te. Izvestiya Akademii NaukSSSR, Neorganicheskie Materialy. 1977;13(8): 1407–1410.7. Okamoto H. Te-Tl (Tellurium-Thallium). Journalof Phase Equilibria. 2001;21(5): 501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1361/1054971007703398338. Schewe I., Böttcher P., Schnering H. G. The crystalstructure of Tl5Te3 and its relationship to the Cr5B3.Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 1989;188(3-4): 287–298.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1989.188.3-4.2879. Böttcher P., Doert Th., Druska Ch., Brandmöller S.Investigation on compounds with Cr5B3 and In5Bi3structure types. Journal of Alloys and Compounds.1997;246(1-2): 209–215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02455-310. Imamalieva S. Z., Sadygov F. M., Babanly M. B.New thallium neodymium tellurides. InorganicMaterials. 2008;44(9): 935–938. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1134/s002016850809007011. Babanly M. B., Imamalieva S. Z., Babanly D. М.,Sadygov F. M. Tl9LnTe6 (Ln-Ce, Sm, Gd) novel structuralTl5Te3 analogues. Azerbaijan Chemical Journal. 2009(1):122–125. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)12. Imamaliyeva S. Z., Tl4GdTe3 and Tl4DyTe3 –novel structural Tl5Te3 analogues. Physics andChemistry of Solid State. 2020;21(3): 492–495. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.3.492-49513. Wacker K. Die kristalstrukturen von Tl9SbSe6und Tl9SbTe6. Z. Kristallogr. Supple. 1991;3: 281.14. Doert T., Böttcher P. Crystal structure ofbismuthnonathalliumhexatelluride BiTl9Te6. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 1994;209(1):95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1994.209.1.9515. Bradtmöller S., Böttcher P. Darstellung undkristallostructur von SnTl4Te3 und PbTl4Te3. Zeitschriftfor anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 1993;619(7):1155–1160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.1993619070216. Voroshilov Yu. V., Gurzan M. I., Kish Z. Z.,Lada L. V. Fazovye ravnovesiya v sisteme Tl-Pb-Te ikristallicheskaya struktura soedinenii tipa Tl4BIVX3 iTl9BVX6 [Phase equilibria in the Tl-Pb-Te system andthe crystal structure of Tl4BIVX3 and Tl9BVX6 compounds].Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Neorganicheskiematerialy. 1988;24: 1479–1484. (In Russ.)17. Bradtmöller S., Böttcher P. Crystal structure ofcopper tetrathallium tritelluride, CuTl4Te3. CuTl4Te3.Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials.1994;209(1): 97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1994.209.1.9718. Bradtmöller S., Böttcher P. Crystal structure ofmolybdenum tetrathallium tritelluride, MoTl4Te3.Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials.1994;209(1): 75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1994.209.1.7519. Babanly M. B., Imamalieva S. Z., Sadygov F. M.New thallium tellurides with indium and aurum.Chemical Problems (Kimya Problemlәri). 2009; 171–174.(In Russ., abstract in Eng.)20. Guo Q., Chan M., Kuropatwa B. A., Kleinke H.Enhanced thermoelectric properties of variants ofTl9SbTe6 and Tl9BiTe6. Chemistry of Materials.2013;25(20): 4097–4104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm402593f21. Guo Q., Assoud A., Kleinke H. Improved bulkmaterials with thermoelectric figure-of-merit greaterthan 1: Tl10–xSnxTe6 and Tl10–xPbxTe6. Advanced EnergyMaterials. 2014;4(14): 1400348-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20140034822. Bangarigadu-Sanasy S., Sankar C. R., SchlenderP., Kleinke H. Thermoelectric properties of Tl10-xLnxTe6, with Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Hoand Er, and 0.25<x<1.32. Journal of Alloys andCompounds. 2013;549: 126–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.09.02323. Shi Y., Sturm C., Kleinke H. Chalcogenides asthermoelectric materials. Journal of Solid StateChemistry. 2019; 270: 273–279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2018.10.04924. Piasecki M., Brik M. G., Barchiy I. E., Ozga K.,Kityk I. V., El-Naggar A. M., Albassam A. A.,Malakhovskaya T. A., Lakshminarayana G. Bandstructure, electronic and optical features of Tl4SnX3(X= S, Te) ternary compounds for optoelectronicapplications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2017;710: 600–607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.28025. Reshak A. H., Alahmed Z. A., Barchij I. E.,Sabov M. Yu., Plucinski K. J., Kityk I. V., Fedorchuk A. O.The influence of replacing Se by Te on electronicstructure and optical properties of Tl4PbX3 (X = Se orTe): experimental and theoretical investigations. RSCAdvances. 2015;5(124): 102173–102181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA20956K26. Malakhovskay-Rosokha T. A., Filep M. J.,Sabov M. Y., Barchiy I. E., Fedorchuk A. O. Plucinski K. J.IR operation by third harmonic generation of Tl4PbTe3and Tl4SnS3 single crystals. Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics. 2013;24(7): 2410–2413. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-013-1110-927. Isaeva A., Schoenemann R., Doert T. Syntheses,crystal structure and magnetic properties of Tl9RETe6(RE = Ce, Sm, Gd). Crystals. 2020;10(4): 277–11. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst1004027728. Bangarigadu-Sanasy S., Sankar C. R., Dube P. A.,Greedan J. E., Kleinke H. Magnetic properties ofTl9LnTe6, Ln = Ce, Pr, Tb and Sm. Journal of Alloys andCompounds. 2014;589: 389–392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.22929. Arpino K. E., Wasser B. D., and McQueen T. M.Superconducting dome and crossover to an insulatingstate in [Tl4]Tl1-xSnxTe3. APL Materials. 2015;3(4):041507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.491339230. Arpino K. E., Wallace D. C., Nie Y. F., Birol T.,King P. D. C., Chatterjee S., Uchida M., Koohpayeh S.M., Wen J.-J., Page K., Fennie C. J., Shen K. M.,McQueen T. M. Evidence for topologically protectedsurface states and a superconducting phase in [Tl4](Tl1-xSnx)Te3 using photoemission, specific heat, andmagnetization measurements, and density functionaltheory. Physical Review Letters. 2014;112(1): 017002-5.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.112.01700231. Niu C., Dai Y., Huang B. et al. Natural threedimensionaltopological insulators in Tl4PbTe3 andTl4SnTe3. Frühjahrstagung der Deutschen PhysikalischenGesellschaft. Dresden, Germany, 30 Mar 2014 – 4 Apr2014.32. Imamalieva S. Z. Phase diagrams in thedevelopment of thallium-REE tellurides with Tl5Te3structure and multicomponent phases based on them.Overview. Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy =Condensed Matter and Interphases. 2018;20(3): 332–347.DOI: https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2018.20/57033. Jia Y.Q. Crystal radii and effective ionic radii ofthe rare earth ions. Journal of Solid State Chemistry.1991; 95(1): 184-187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(91)90388-X
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tellurium – Metallurgy"

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Bello, Yusuf O. "Tellurium and selenium precipitation from copper sulphate solutions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95895.

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Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The copper sulphate leach solutions produced during the final pressure leach stages in base metal refinery processes contain low concentrations of other precious metals (OPMs, namely Rh, Ru and Ir ) and impurities in addition to the base metals (BMs) of interest. Se and Te impurities, in particular, must be removed from the leach solution before it is fed to copper electrowinning because these species have adverse effects on electrowinning efficiency. Currently, these elements are being precipitated from the leach solution with sulphurous acid. Se precipitation is satisfactory but Te removal still proves challenging. Previous studies have shown that tellurium can either be precipitated as cuprous telluride from copper sulphate solutions by reduction with sulphurous acid alone, or by the addition of SO2 as a precipitating agent and metallic copper as an additional precipitating agent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different process variables on Te and Se recovery in order to propose operating conditions at which increased tellurium precipitation can be achieved with minimal co-precipitation of base metals of interest (notably Cu and Ni). This would also aid in the development of a better understanding of tellurium and selenium precipitation mechanisms in CuSO4-H2SO4 medium.
AFRIKKANSE OPSOMMING: Die kopersulfaat logingsoplossing wat gedurende die finale druklogingstadia in basis metaal raffinaderye produseer word bevat, behalwe vir die basis metale van belang, ook lae konsentrasies ander edelmetale (AEM, naamlik Rh, Ru, en Ir) sowel as onsuiwerhede. Se en Te onsuiwerhede, in die besonder, moet vanuit die logingsoplossing verwyder word voordat die oplossing na die koper elektrowinning gevoer word omdat hierdie spesies negatiewe effekte op die elektrowinning effektiwiteit het. Hierdie elemente word tans met swaweligsuur vanuit die logingsoplossing gepresipiteer. Se presipitasie is voldoende, maar die Te verwydering bly steeds problematies. Vorige studies het getoon dat tellurium as kuprotelluried vanuit kopersulfaat oplossings presipiteer kan word deur middel van reduksie met swaweligsuur alleen, of met die byvoeging van SO2 as presipiteermiddel en metallieke koper as addisionele presipiteermiddel. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om die effekte van verskillende prosesveranderlikes op Te en Se presipitasie te ondersoek ten einde bedryfstoestande voor te stel wat verbeterde tellurium presipitasie toelaat met minimale kopresipitasie van basis metale van belang (hoofsaaklik Cu en Ni). Dit sal ook bydra tot die ontwikkeling van ʼn beter begrip van die tellurium en selenium presipitasie meganisme in ʼn CuSO4-H2SO4 medium.
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Hall, Bradley Devin. "Powder processing, powder characterization, and mechanical properties of LAST (lead-antimony-silver-tellurium) and LASTT (lead-antimony-silver-tellurium-tin) thermoelectric materials." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Materials Science and Engineering, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 7, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159). Also issued in print.
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Johnston, Murray. "Thermodynamics of selenium and tellurium in molten metallurgical slags and alloys." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0064.

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There are a number of impurity elements present in sulphide ores that can have a deleterious effect on the properties of the final copper metal product. In this thesis, an equilibrium distribution technique was used to determine the thermodynamic behaviour of selenium and tellurium in molten slags used in copper production. Calcium ferrite based slags and copper or silver alloy were equilibrated in magnesia crucibles at temperatures of 1200 to 1400 °C and oxygen partial pressures of 10-11 to 10-0.68 atm. Under conditions typical of those employed during copper converting, the minor elements were found to enter the slag as negatively charged species. The partitioning of selenium and tellurium to the slag was greatest at high temperature, low oxygen partial pressure and at highest concentration of basic oxide (CaO or BaO). The experimentally derived data were combined with published information to calculate the selenide and telluride capacities of the slag, and also to generate fundamental thermodynamic activity data for selenium and tellurium in the slag phase. It was found that the activity coefficients of selenium and tellurium were independent of their concentration in the slag over the range studied, but were strongly dependent on the temperature, slag chemistry and oxidation state of the slag. Experiments were also designed and carried out to determine what effect the presence of iron oxide and its oxidation state has on the behaviour of selenium in the slag. A series of experiments involving iron oxide additions to a calcium aluminate slag was conducted under increasingly oxidising conditions to assess the effect of total iron on the selenide capacity as the dominant oxidation state of iron in the slag changed. It was shown that at a constant ratio of CaO:Al2O3, the selenide capacity increased with total iron in the slag. However, the effect on the selenide capacity did not appear any more significant as the Fe3+:Fe2+ ratio changed in a particular direction. 4 Another series of experiments was carried out with iron calcium silicate slags to determine the stability of phases within the slag, and how this affected the equilibrium distribution and activity coefficient of selenium in the slag. A number of solid phases were identified and their composition determined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis. The composition and minor element content of the remaining liquid was calculated using a thermodynamic model. From this it was found that the capacity of the liquid slag has a region of independence against slag chemistry, before increasing strongly with increasing lime content to the calcium ferrite composition. Some of the implications of this work are discussed with reference to the practicality of adjusting the process variables in a large-scale industrial process for the purpose of managing minor element content of the molten phases. Considerations include the effect on copper recovery and rate of wear of furnace refractory materials.
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Meier, Michael. "Purification of Cd, Zn and Te for CdZnTe growth." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1693.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tellurium – Metallurgy"

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Ren, Wei, Xue Quan Liu, Xiao Lin Wang, and Hong Yi Jiang. "Thermoelectric Properties of Bismuth Telluride Based Materials Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Processing." In Key Engineering Materials, 864–67. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.864.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tellurium – Metallurgy"

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Mahajan, S. K., and J. Parashar. "Frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped tungsten tellurite glass containing Ag nanoparticles." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2017): Metallurgy and Advanced Material Technology for Sustainable Development. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5038701.

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