Journal articles on the topic 'Television Production and direction United States'
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Elsass, H. J., J. Schildkraut, and M. C. Stafford. "Breaking news of social problems: examining media consumption and student beliefs about school shootings." Russian Journal of Economics and Law 16, no. 4 (December 9, 2022): 881–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.881-896.
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Objective: to explore the relationship between college students’ media consumption and their attitude to school shootings in the United States of America.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, and sociological.Results: School shootings are considered by many to be a social problem in need of a solution. While episodic in nature, they generate fear and concern, particularly as a result of the amount of attention they garner by and through the media. The present study explores the relationship between college students’ media consumption and their beliefs that school shootings are a problem in the United States. A survey was administered to 442 university students in fall 2012 and included measures of specific modes through which media is consumed, including television, newspaper, and social media, which then were analyzed to assess such a relationship. The results indicate that social media—Twitter 2 in particular—are significant predictors of students’ beliefs about school shootings. These findings also represent an important shift in media production that encourages a more participatory discourse with audience members. Implications for journalistic practices, study limitations, and directions for future research also are discussed.Scientific novelty: The present study sought to examine the impact of media consumption on respondents’ beliefs that school shootings are a problem in the U.S. It was hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between the amount of media that students consume and their belief that school shootings are a problem. It was found that the more students use social media, and Twitter in particular, the stronger their beliefs that school shootings are a social problem. Not all media use, however, was related to these beliefs in accordance with cultivation theory.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the crime prevention and suppression.
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Torre, Paul. "Television formats and the United States: New developments in production and distribution." International Journal of Digital Television 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.8.1.117_1.
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Gerbner, George. "Essay Reviews: The Hidden Message in Anti-Violence Public Service Announcements." Harvard Educational Review 65, no. 2 (July 1, 1995): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.65.2.k102244j40633615.
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In this essay, George Gerbner reviews eight television public service announcements (PSAs) that deal with urban violence and are produced by the media conglomerate HBO/Time Warner. Gerbner couches his critique of the PSAs in terms of the historical tension between the commercial nature of television in the United States and broadcasters' mandated role to serve the public. In creating a framework to understand the anti-violence PSAs, Gerbner broadens the discussion to include both the media industry in the United States and the demand for violence television programming in the international marketplace. Although he acknowledges the high production value of the PSAs, Gerbner contends that the race, age, and gender of the characters, as well as the situations depicted, constitute a hidden message of stereotyped violence. Gerbner argues that the images portrayed in the PSAs reflect the type of violence that is presented by the television industry itself, not the kinds of violence that may actually exists in the United States.
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Cummings, Dean. "The impact of multimedia journalism on ageism in television news: Commodification and the anxiety of ageing in the newsroom." Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies 00, no. 00 (January 20, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajms_00045_1.
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Television news corporations changed their work roles from a tradition of team production to a ‘one-man-band’ method of production. Many veteran reporters are hesitant to accept the new methodology. This study intended to examine how television news reporters adjusted to more work demands and new technologies. A questionnaire was combined with participant observation for analysis. The participants included 289 television journalists, selected from local affiliates throughout the United States. The results indicate that there is preference for younger workers and burnout occurring to all age groups. This study explores the commodification of the profession in terms of labour value.
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Pjesivac, Ivanka, Yvonne Cantrell-Bickley, and David Hazinski. "Digital Convergence in the Newsroom: Experimenting With Modular Production of Television News in Grady Newsource." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 73, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695817719135.
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In this essay, we describe modular production of television news, established at the University of Georgia, one of the leading journalism programs in the United States, in the scope of its experience-based learning efforts. The new method of producing television news assumes the innovative way of combining live and prerecorded segments of traditionally “all live” television newscasts to encourage proficient dissemination of the news content on multiple platforms and focus journalistic work more fully on the editorial process of news production. The findings are discussed in light of situational learning theories and Parkinson’s Law of time management, as well as benefits for student learning.
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Lozano, Jose Carlos. "From Parochialism to Cosmopolitanism in the American Audiovisual Supply? Netflix’s New Releases of Television Fiction in the United States and their Geographical Diversity." Anagramas Rumbos y Sentidos de la Comunicación 20, no. 40 (May 19, 2022): 200–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.22395/angr.v20n40a9.
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The supply of films and TV series in the United States has been historically dominated by national programming produced by its powerful media conglomerates, significantly limiting the diversity and plurality of choices for their American viewers. Netflix and other video-on-demandplatforms are changing this situation, significantly increasing the availability in the United States of fiction produced in different regions of the world, potentially exposing their subscribers to new narrative styles, scenarios, ethnicities, nationalities, languages, and cultural features. This study, based on the methodology of content analysis, analyzes the geographical origin and production type of new Netflix scripted television releases in the United States from January 2017 to June 2018 and discusses their potential relevance in broadening the degree of geographical diversity among American subscribers to the platform. The paper concludes that while Netflix USA substantially increased the supply of foreign television series in its catalog during that period, a sizeable part of the imports came from countries with high degrees of “cultural proximity” with the United States. The article concludes by discussing the possible “Americanization” of foreign audiovisual productions, formats, and genres bought or produced by Netflix.
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Richeri, Giuseppe. "Audiovisual industry and the structural factors of the television crisis." MATRIZes 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-8160.v11i1p13-24.
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This article analyzes the current state of traditional television financing resources, detecting a critical situation in its three main sources (advertising, signatures and service charges). Next, it discusses the most dynamic part of the television sector: Video on Demand (VoD) and Subscription Video on Demand (SVoD) services, which could generate new resources for audiovisual production. However, the analysis of the catalogs of these services shows a low supply of European films compared to the United States. Thus, as on other occasions, the development of new television services and new business models could be a missed opportunity for the European audiovisual industry.
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Gumbert, Heather. "The Deutschland Series: Cold War Nostalgia for Transnational Audiences." Central European History 54, no. 2 (June 2021): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938921000480.
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How do you explain the Cold War to a generation who did not live through it? For Jörg and Anna Winger, co-creators and showrunners of the Deutschland series, you bring it to life on television. Part pop culture reference, part spy thriller, and part existential crisis, the Wingers’ Cold War is a fun, fast-paced story, “sunny and slick and full of twenty-something eye candy.” A coproduction of Germany's UFA Fiction and Sundance TV in the United States, the show premiered at the 2015 Berlinale before appearing on American and German television screens later that year. Especially popular in the United Kingdom, it sold widely on the transnational market. It has been touted as a game-changer for the German television industry for breaking new ground for the German television industry abroad and expanding the possibilities of dramatic storytelling in Germany, and is credited with unleashing a new wave of German (historical) dramas including Babylon Berlin, Dark, and a new production of Das Boot.
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Rokosz-Piejko, Elżbieta. "Adapting, Remaking, Re-visioning: Alex Haley’s Roots in a Triangular Relationship with Its Two Television Adaptations." Polish Journal for American Studies, no. 12 (Spring 2018) (April 30, 2022): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/pjas.12/1/2018.10.
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The 1977 television adaptation of Alex Haley’s family saga was an overwhelming (although rather unexpected) success, both in the United States and abroad. The 8-hour miniseries, aired first by the History Channel on Memorial Day 2016, is a new take on the adaptation of Haley’s text, advertised as a remake of the 1977 production. The article refers to the original success of Haley’s text, followed by numerous controversies, and then discusses the appropriation of the story for the 1977 mostly white television audience, to finish up with a discussion of the angle which the 2016 production took, engaging in dialogue with the “iconic” 1977 miniseries.
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Moran, Albert. "The International Face of Australian Television." Media International Australia 121, no. 1 (November 2006): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0612100119.
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Australian television has always been part of an international cultural system. Programming, personnel, material resources, ideas and knowledge are among the elements that, historically, have moved between an audiovisual space, both here and elsewhere. Media executive Reg Grundy has been an important figure in this system. Over nearly 40 years, he built a television empire of considerable international significance. After sketching out this career, the article proceeds to outlines three moments in his company's development. The first occurred in the 1960s and early 1970s when it imported and remade many successful television game shows from the United States. A second occasion occurred in the mid-1970s when Reg Grundy Enterprises imported a small team from the United Kingdom who were highly experienced in the production of daily drama serials. The third moment happened in the very early 1990s, when Grundy World Wide began adapting drama serials that it had originally devised and produced in Australia to be remade elsewhere. These three occasions were important points where the national met the international. Collectively, they highlight not only the outwardlooking dimension of Australian television, but the need for home-based media historians to make such a perception central to their investigations of a pre ‘media globalisation’ past.
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Mangan, Francis X., Raquel U. de Mendonça, Maria Moreira, Samanta del Vecchio Nunes, Fernando L. Finger, Zoraia de Jesus Barros, Hilton Galvão, Gustavo C. Almeida, Rachel AN Silva, and Molly D. Anderson. "Production and marketing of vegetables for the ethnic markets in the United States." Horticultura Brasileira 26, no. 1 (March 2008): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362008000100002.
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Due to the growing number of immigrants in the United States, made up principally of Latinos, Asians and Africans, there has been a growing demand for products that are popular in their countries of origin. In order to meet this demand, there has been a tremendous increase in imports of agricultural products to the United States. Cassava is a good example. Imports of cassava to the US have increased 370% in the last six years. The University of Massachusetts began to evaluate vegetable crops popular among Puerto Ricans and Dominicans in 1996, and in 2002 began to evaluate crops popular among the large and growing Brazilian population in the state and region. This paper summarizes results of research on crops popular with Brazilian immigrants in the US, in addition to the evaluation of the marketing chain and impact of media outlets to promote and sell these crops. Surveys of Brazilian customers in target markets demonstrated that the majority of Brazilian immigrants in the Northeastern United States are from the state of Minas Gerais. Due to this fact, the crops chosen for research in Massachusetts were ones that were popular in this state: jiló, maxixe, taioba, abóbora and okra. In order to successfully introduce these crops into the marketplace it is critical to devote resources to promotion and marketing. In spite of their popularity among Brazilians, these vegetable crops are not normally found in the market so it is necessary to let the community know that they are available and in what locations. The most effective media outlet evaluated in this work to reach Brazilians was the television station Rede Globo International, available in the United States; however, other avenues evaluated to promote this project to Brazilians, such as Brazilian newspapers and radio programs, were also effective and less expensive. The opportunity to export agricultural products to the United States is a growing opportunity for farmers in Brazil. In order to gain access to this market it is important to understand the distribution system used for fresh produce in the United States.
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Regan, Michael. "Future direction for infrastructure research." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 1, no. 2 (August 9, 2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v1i2.87.
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Infrastructure was not a widely researched topic until Aschauer identified the wider economic benefits of investment in the United States during the 1980s. Achauer's work was a catalyst for further research and debate as researchers tackled weakness in the production function approach to measurement and sought to adjust for two-way causation. The literature that followed confirmed a significant and causal connection between public investment, productivity and output and research moved to international panel data, regional economies and the relationship between infrastructure investment, output capacity, growth and productivity.
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Shuquan, He, and Matukorn Bu-iad. "Economic factors affecting Thailand’s frozen shrimp export volume to the United States and Japan." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, no. 4 (2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(4).66-74.2020.
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A Study of Economic Factors Affecting Thailand’s Frozen Shrimp Export Volume to the United States and Japan which hypothesized that there are economic factors that affect the quantity of frozen shrimp exports from Thailand to the United States, namely the Manufacturing Production Index classified by production activity, Frozen Seafood (MPI), Domestic Wholesale Shrimp Price (PRIshrimp), United States Gross Domestic Product (GDPU.S.A.), Per Capita Income of US Population (PCIU.S.A.), Rate Of Change In Private Consumption And Consumption Expenditures Of The US Private Sector (PCEU.S.A.) and assumed that there are economic factors affecting the quantity of frozen shrimp exports to Japan, namely the Manufacturing Production Index classified by production activity, Frozen Seafood Category (MPI), Domestic Wholesale Shrimp Price (PRIshrimp) , Japan Gross Domestic Product (GDPJapan), Per Capita Income Of Japanese Population (PCIJapan), Rate Of Change In Private Consumption And Consumption Expenditures Of The Japanese Private Sector (PCEJapan) which are consistent with the research of Pathumnakul, S., Khamjan, S., & Piewthongngam, K. (2007). Will use secondary data by collecting data on a monthly basis from January 2017 to December 2019 with the analysis of complex regression equations. By the least-squares estimation method, the study found that the economic factors affecting frozen shrimp export volume of Thailand to the United States in the same direction are manufacturing production index classified by production activity, frozen seafood category, wholesale shrimp prices in the country, the gross domestic product of USA, income per capita of the United States population and rate of change in US private consumption expenditure has no effect on the export volume of frozen shrimp from Thailand to the United States. For economic factors affecting the frozen shrimp export volume of Thailand to Japan in the same direction is statistically significant, the manufacturing production index classified by production activity, frozen seafood category, wholesale shrimp prices in the country, the gross domestic product of Japan, income per capita of the Japanese population and the rate of change in Japanese private consumption expenditure has no effect on the export volume of frozen shrimp from Thailand to Japan. Keywords: economic factors, frozen shrimp, export volume.
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Hitchens, Peta L., Rachael H. Booth, Kirsten Stevens, Annabelle Murphy, Bidda Jones, and Lauren M. Hemsworth. "The Welfare of Animals in Australian Filmed Media." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071986.
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Animals play a significant role in the production of film and television in Australia and globally. Given this, regulating and monitoring their welfare on- and off-set is imperative. We therefore aim to compare Australia’s state and territory-based legislation and regulation to those in the United States and the United Kingdom and assess regulations against the Five Domains Model of animal welfare. Historical examples of animal incidents in Australian film are used to illustrate potential deficiencies. We reviewed archived media for animal welfare incidents on and off production sets. We demonstrate a lack of uniformity, with 37.5% (3/8) of states and territories providing targeted Codes of Practice for animals in filmed media, and partially addressing behavioural interactions or mental state within the Five Domains Model. Three themes of welfare concerns were identified including incidents on-set, incidents off-set, and effects of portrayal on perception or ownership of specific species. This highlights the need for standardised national legislation and improved monitoring and regulation. Further research should quantify the number of animals used in productions, describe the type and duration of the work the animals undertake, investigate the frequency of animal welfare incidents, and explore alternative methods to the use of live animals in film and television.
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Blandford, Steve, and Ruth McElroy. "Memory, Television and the Making of the BBC’s The Story of Wales." European Television Memories 2, no. 3 (June 30, 2013): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2013.jethc038.
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The production of television history programming is a rich site for examining the dynamic relationship between history and memory. This article approaches these dynamics through original, empirical research of a specific case study, BBC Wales’ The Story of Wales (Green Bay for BBC Wales 2012). It analyses the commissioning, production and presentation of a landmark national history programme within the specific context of a small nation (Wales) and provides insights into how television intervenes in the construction, revision and remembering of the national past. The role of national histories in the construction of memory and national identity is importance at a time when the legitimacy of nations and states is under question and when governmental and political settlements are under construction as is the case in the post-devolutionary United Kingdom.
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Southall, Richard M., Mark S. Nagel, John M. Amis, and Crystal Southall. "A Method to March Madness? Institutional Logics and the 2006 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament." Journal of Sport Management 22, no. 6 (November 2008): 677–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.6.677.
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As the United States’ largest intercollegiate athletic event, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men’s basketball tournament consistently generates high television ratings and attracts higher levels of advertising spending than the Super Bowl or the World Series. Given the limited analysis of the organizational conditions that frame these broadcasts’ production, this study examines the impact of influential actors on the representation process. Using a mixed-method approach, this paper investigates production conditions and processes involved in producing a sample (n= 31) of NCAA Division I men’s basketball tournament broadcasts, examines the extent to which these broadcasts are consistent with the NCAA’s educational mission, and considers the dominant institutional logic that underpins their reproduction. In so doing, this analysis provides a critical examination of the 2006 NCAA Division I men’s basketball tournament broadcasts, and how such broadcasts constitute, and are constituted by, choices in television production structures and practices.
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Morney, Elisabeth, and Hanna Vilkka. "Lajityypit ylittävä laatu televisio-ohjelmissa." Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu 34, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23994/lk.112963.
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Artikkelin tavoitteena on kuvata televisioalan tekijöiden näkemyksiä laatukriteereistä sekä sitä, millaisia lajityypit ylittäviä laatukriteereitä löytyy audiovisuaalisella alalla. Aineisto on koottu Yhdysvalloissa ja Suomessa haastattelemalla alan ammattilaisia, jotka toimivat tuottajina, ohjaajina, kouluttajina tai johtavissa asemissa palkintojärjestöissä.Analyysi on toteutettu fenomenografisesti. Laatukeskustelun ja televisio-ohjelmien keskinäisen vertailun tuloksena nousi esiin kolme lajityypit ylittävää laatukriteeriryhmää. Nämä ryhmät ovat 1) ammattitaito, 2) vaikutus ja 3) suosio.Avainsanat: laatu, televisiotuotanto, televisiotutkimus, lajityyppi, fenomenografiaQuality in Television Across Genres: Views on Criteria of Quality Amongst Television ProfessionalsThe aim of this article is to explore criteria of quality in the views of professionals in the field of television and what kind of criteria of quality across genre can be found in the audiovisual field. Data has been compiled in the United States and Finland by interviewing professionals in the field of television, who act as producers, directors, educators or in leading positions in award organizations, such as Peabody- and Emmy Awards.The analysis has been carried out phenomenographically. As a result of the quality discussion and the mutual comparison of television programs, three groups of quality criteria exceeding the genres emerged. These groups are 1) professionalism, 2) impact, and 3) popularity.Keywords: quality, genre, television production, television research, phenomenography
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LaChance, Daniel, and Paul Kaplan. "The Seductions of Crimesploitation: The Apprehension of Sex Offenders on Primetime Television." Law, Culture and the Humanities 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872115578070.
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Reality television in the United States has often been understood to reinforce the punitive and neoliberal turns American political culture took in the late twentieth century. But in this article, we examine how it can work to unsettle as well as naturalize punitive and neoliberal ideologies. We do so via a case study of To Catch a Predator, a reality-based television program documenting the detection, legal apprehension, and extralegal punishment of adults seeking sex with teenagers. Both the appeal of the show and its susceptibility to the backlash that ultimately shut down its production, we argue, lay in a tacit invitation to viewers to imagine themselves as predators as well as parents or prosecutors.
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Thom, Michael. "Do State Corporate Tax Incentives Create Jobs? Quasi-experimental Evidence from the Entertainment Industry." State and Local Government Review 51, no. 2 (June 2019): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x19877232.
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Policy makers allocate billions of dollars each year to tax incentives that increasingly favor creative industries. This study scrutinizes that approach by examining motion picture incentive programs used in over thirty states to encourage film and television production. It uses a quasi-experimental strategy to determine whether those programs have contributed to employment growth. Results mostly show no statistically significant effects. Results also indicate that domestic employment is unaffected by competing incentives offered outside the United States. These findings are robust to several alternative models and should lead policy makers to question the wisdom of targeted incentives conferred on creative industries.
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Janssen, Susanne, Giselinde Kuipers, and Marc Verboord. "Cultural Globalization and Arts Journalism: The International Orientation of Arts and Culture Coverage in Dutch, French, German, and U.S. Newspapers, 1955 to 2005." American Sociological Review 73, no. 5 (October 2008): 719–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240807300502.
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This article charts key developments and cross-national variations in the coverage of foreign culture (i.e., classical and popular music, dance, film, literature, theater, television, and visual arts) in Dutch, French, German, and U.S. elite newspapers between 1955 and 2005. Such coverage signals the awareness of foreign culture among national elites and the degree and direction of “globalization from within.” Using content analysis, we examine the degree, direction, and diversity of the international orientation of arts journalism for each country and cultural genre. Results denote how international arts and culture coverage has increased in Europe but not in the United States. Moreover, the centrality of a country in the cultural “world-system” offers a better explanation for cross-national differences in international orientation than do other country-level characteristics, such as size and cultural policy framework. Recorded and performance-based genres differ markedly in their levels of internationalization, but the effect of other genre-level characteristics, such as language dependency and capital intensiveness, is not clear. In each country, international coverage remains concentrated on a few countries, of which the United States has become the most prominent. Although the global diversity of coverage has increased, non-Western countries are still underrepresented.
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Arcimowicz, Krzysztof. "Determinants of the Content and Creation of Modern Television Series. Selected Issues." Creativity. Theories – Research - Applications 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ctra-2016-0008.
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AbstractThe aim of this article is to present the most important factors affecting the creation and content of two different genres of television series–Polish television sagas and American post-soap operas. The analysis which I have carried out in the field allows the formulation of several conclusions. The creation of the two genres is similar. In both cases the most important people are the producers and scriptwriters and the most important criteria used for the assessment of a production are audience ratings and economic factors. Polish television sagas and American post-soaps are often very different with regard to their content and the ways they present social issues. The reasons for the differences include: genre convention, expectations of viewers, social and cultural context, and the emergence of commercial subscription television in the United States. At the turn of the 21st century HBO, an American pay television provider, followed by other stations began to produce shows which, even though they have originated from older television forms, break the ties with their antecedents. Makers of post-soaps address sensitive social issues and create their characters in an original and often controversial way.
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Marasteanu, I. Julia, and Edward C. Jaenicke. "Economic impact of organic agriculture hotspots in the United States." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 6 (February 13, 2018): 501–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000066.
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AbstractIn this paper, we assess whether or not organic agriculture has a positive impact on local economies. We first identify organic agriculture hotspots (clusters of counties with positively correlated high numbers of organic operations) using spatial statistics. Then, we estimate a treatment effects model that classifies a county's membership in an organic hotspot as an endogenous treatment variable. By modeling what a hotspot county's economic indicators would have been had the county not been part of a hotspot, this model captures the effect of being in a hotspot on a county's economic indicators. We perform the same analysis for general agricultural farm hotspots to confirm that the benefits associated with organic production hotspots are, in fact, due to the organic component. Our results show that organic hotspot membership leads to a lower county-level poverty rate and a higher median household income. A similar result is not found when investigating the impact of general agriculture hotspots. On the other hand, our result is robust to alternative hotspot definitions based on type of organic operations to alternative methods of estimating average treatment effects on the treated. These results provide strong motivation for considering hotspots of organic handling operations, which refers to middlemen such as processors, wholesalers and brokers, and hotspots of organic production to be local economic development tools, and may be of interest to policymakers whose objective is to promote rural development. Our results may incentivize policymakers to specifically focus on organic development, rather than the more general development of agriculture, as a means to promote economic growth in rural areas, and may further point them in the direction of not only encouraging the presence of organic operations, but of fostering the development of clusters or hotspots of these operations.
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Markova, E. A. "US - Azerbaijan Relations in Caspian region (90s of the XX century)." Post-Soviet Issues 8, no. 2 (August 19, 2021): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2021-8-2-288-296.
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The collapse of the USSR resulted for Azerbaijan to pursue an independent foreign policy. Azerbaijan focused on establishing and furthering relations with Western states, primarily, with the United States. Official Baku considered the United States as an important partner to provide support for the economic development and production of hydrocarbon resources. On the other side, the United States also increased its focus on Azerbaijan due to the favorable geographical position of the Caspian state and the pro-Western attitude of its political elite. The US counted on taking advantage of Azerbaijan to change the flow of oil, which was supposed to be produced in the future. The United States played a decisive role in expanding Azerbaijan's cooperation with Western oil companies, which headed for the shores of the Caspian Sea. As a result, the Azerbaijani-American cooperation in the 90s of the XX century led Baku to chose the western direction in exporting its hydrocarbon resources as the principal one. In addition, under the US influence, Azerbaijan took a tough position on the international legal status of the Caspian Sea. Cooperation between the United States and Azerbaijan has had a great impact on the situation in the region, relations with Russia and the other Caspian states.
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Druick, Zoe. "The CRTC’s Market-driven De-regulation of Canadian television." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 6, no. 1 (July 12, 2014): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v6i1.83.
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Over the past twenty years, the Canadian television landscape has come to increasingly resemble the market-driven television of the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, to name only the other major English-language industries. Sports, reality TV, and sci-fi drama dominate, and the public elements of the system are increasingly under siege. How did this happen? A look back over the decisions of the past two decades makes it apparent that Canada’s regulatory agency the CRTC has repeatedly enabled the system we now see. These changes are the direct result of NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Deal, signed in 1994), which drastically altered the cultural industries in Canada and led to an entrepreneurial approach to television. Since then, there has been a concerted shift toward an export-oriented industry, provoking a new emphasis on the global trade of cultural products (Edwardson 2008). In effect, even before the impact of the Internet, as the cable dial expanded, and sponsorship was diluted, production costs were pushed down and new, cheaper formats were created. At the same time, ownership became more consolidated and the telecommunication industry merged with the broadcast industry hoping to cash in on the promises of digital and wireless technologies. The CRTC enabled these shifts with the stated intention of increasing Canadian television’s competitiveness at an international level (CRTC 1999).
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Fiacco, Axel, and Massimo Scaglioni. "Writing Games." Hidden Professions of Television 2, no. 4 (December 23, 2013): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2013.jethc049.
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As in the United States and in many countries across Europe, the quiz show was a founding genre for Italian television as far back as the 1950s: because of their broad appeal, such game shows as Lascia o raddoppia and Il musichiere contributed strongly to television’s burgeoning popularity during the subsequent decades. Since then, the quiz show has traversed different eras of television history, with partial and gradual changes to its textual features, aesthetics and narratives, as well as its production routines. Since the 1980s, with deregulation and the advent of commercial television, the Italian game-show market has become more international and more reliant on formats. In the genre’s long history, the “hidden profession” of writing TV games exhibits elements of both continuity and change. The needs of format-adaptation have highlighted two main areas of “localization”: question-writing and casting. This essay explores the profession of game-show writer in Italy and how the role has evolved. It adopts a historical framework to illuminate the continuity and change in the profession, in relation to a broader history of both the genre and the television medium, while also seeking to outline both the specificity of the Italian TV context and its connections with an international environment.
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Hao, Yilong, Kai Ding, Yaoyang Xu, Yuting Tang, Dong Liu, and Gang Li. "States, Trends, and Future of Aquaponics Research." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 7783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187783.
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As an environmentally-friendly aquaculture and planting system, aquaponics has attracted attention in various fields, such as fisheries, agriculture, and ecology. The existing review qualitatively described the development and challenges of aquaponics but lacked data support. This study selected 513 related documents (2000–2019) in the Web of Science database (WOS) to mine and quantitatively analyze its text data. The keyword co-occurrence network shows that the current aquaponics research mainly focuses on the system components, wastewater treatment, nutrient management, and system production. Research areas reflect obvious regional characteristics. China, the United States and Europe are dedicated to the application of new technologies, the optimization of system production, and the exploration of multiple roles. At present, the aquaponics development is facing many pressures from management and market. Future research requires more in-depth research in the system construction, nutrient management, and microbial community structure to provide a theoretical basis. Moreover, the identity construction within the conceptual framework of green infrastructure is a research direction worth exploring to solve low social recognition for aquaponics.
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Ovchinnikov, Oleg. "The United States in the context of the global food problem. Experience for Russia." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 4 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760021640-1.
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The global food problem (GFP) is currently one of the most serious challenges to humanity. Without exaggeration, the future of modern civilization depends on how successfully it will be solved. The main ways to solve the GFP as a whole were formulated during the preparation for the global food forums, the last of which was held in September 2021 in New York, and consist of a set of activities implemented within the framework of the concept of sustainable development. There are two levels of implementation of measures – within the framework of international cooperation and at the national level. The latter involves the optimization of various aspects of the life of the agricultural sector of national states. At the same time, the study of the experience of countries that have achieved significant results in this direction is of particular value. For Russia, whose agricultural sector has been actively developing in recent years, such, in our opinion, is an example of the US agro–industrial complex - the country closest in terms of production scale, industry diversity, etc. In this article, in the context of the task of solving the GFP, a comparative analysis of the results achieved in this direction in the USA and Russia is carried out, as well as the development, taking into account a comprehensive study of the US experience, of recommendations for optimizing the development of the domestic agricultural sector.
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Rose, L. S., J. A. Stallins, and M. L. Bentley. "Concurrent Cloud-to-Ground Lightning and Precipitation Enhancement in the Atlanta, Georgia (United States), Urban Region." Earth Interactions 12, no. 11 (August 1, 2008): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008ei265.1.
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Abstract This study explores how the Atlanta, Georgia (United States), urban region influences warm-season (May through September) cloud-to-ground lightning flashes and precipitation. Eight years (1995–2003) of flashes from the National Lightning Detection Network and mean accumulated precipitation from the North American Regional Reanalysis model were mapped under seven different wind speed and direction combinations derived from cluster analysis. Overlays of these data affirmed a consistent coupling of lightning and precipitation enhancement around Atlanta. Maxima in precipitation and lightning shifted in response to changes in wind direction. Differences in the patterns of flash metrics (flash counts versus thunderstorm counts), the absence of any strong urban signal in the flashes of individual thunderstorms, and the scales over which flashes and precipitation enhancement developed are discussed in light of their support for land-cover- and aerosol-based mechanisms of urban weather modification. This study verifies Atlanta’s propensity to conjointly enhance cloud-to-ground lightning and precipitation production in the absence of strong synoptic forcing. However, because of variability in aerosol characteristics and the dynamics of land use change, it may be a simplification to assume that this observed enhancement will be persistent across all scales of analysis.
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Malyshev, Vladimir. "CILECT as the Project of a World Film School: Origins, Specifics, Development." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 11, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik1148-24.
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The continuing introduction of digital technologies into the production of meaningful and engaging audiovisual images accentuates the necessity of international cooperation in the sphere of the professional education of those young people who are planning to work in film, television and other screen arts. All over the world film schools are challenged by problems the solution of which requires consolidated participation of worldfamous masters. This has been recently confirmed at the Congress of the International Association of Film and Television Schools (CILECT) Congress held in October 2019 in Moscow in connection with the 100th anniversary of the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK). This essay analyzesVGIK's contribution to the process of perfecting programs in the field of screen arts at different stages of their development.
The essay explores issues of CILECT development since its foundation in 1954. Initially, CILECT was supported by nations with developed film cultures, such as Brazil, Chile, Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Poland, the Soviet Union, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Today, the Association unites 180 film schools from 65 nations. The essay analyzes VGIK's role in the development of film education and, more generally, the development of screen arts; and emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in this technological, digital age.
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Stepanov, Nikita Sergeevich. "The future of China's economy under the influence of trade tensions with the United States." Финансы и управление, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7802.2022.1.36724.
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The subject of the study is the trends and patterns of development of the Chinese economy, taking into account the impact of trade friction with the United States. It is proved that the conflict between the United States and China has been growing for more than half a century, intensifying in recent years, which is reflected in the growing bilateral tensions at the political and economic levels. The goal of China's modern strategy in the international arena is to make a multipolar world a reality, to make China an alternative to the United States, and as a result led to trade friction between the United States and China. China remains the most involved country in the production value chains on the world market, and is trying to maintain and increase the positions gained over the past decades. It is proved that the introduction of additional tariffs on mutual trade between the United States and China has led to classic trade effects associated with a change in the level of protection, namely, the effect of creation and shift. Their direction was opposite to the effects observed in the case of a reduction in customs duties. The main strategic directions of the development of the Chinese economy are formulated. In the new conditions, the trade war between the United States and China should be considered as a conflict that sets a certain trend. There is more and more talk about new terms of trade liberalization agreements, whether bilateral, regional or global. The institutional subsystem develops under the influence of changes in socio-economic relations.
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Izyumov, D. B., and E. L. Kondratyuk. "PRODUCTION OF RARE EARTH METALS IN THE INTERESTS OF DEFENSE AND THE IMPACT OF REGULATORY RESTRICTIONS ON THE INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 3(28) (December 25, 2019): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-3-175-182.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of the global market of rare earth metals for the needs of the armed forces abroad. The Article also estimates the direction of development of the US legislative system in this area, as well as presents the results of comparing the levels of development of production of rare earth metals in the US and China.
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Anagnostakis, Sandra L. "Chestnut Breeding in the United States for Disease and Insect Resistance." Plant Disease 96, no. 10 (October 2012): 1392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-12-0350-fe.
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The genus Castanea (family Fagaceae) is found in north temperate climates around the world, and is highly prized in many different cultures for its nutritious nuts and valuable timber. Selection for larger, better-tasting nuts has been ongoing in Asia and Europe for centuries. Early trade routes moved European chestnut trees (C. sativa) west of their native range (in the Caucasus mountains), and the Romans then moved them across their empire to provide support posts for grapevines, as well as for the nuts. Cultivar selection in Turkey, Italy, Spain, and Portugal has been extensive, and regional favorites developed. The many uses of the wood of American chestnut made this “all purpose” tree extremely valuable in its native range in North America. Nut production was important as a food source for rural families and many species of birds and animals. The other American species in the genus Castanea are classed as chinquapins, and may be divided into several or lumped as a single species. The small nuts from these trees and bushes serve primarily as mast for wildlife. Two serious diseases of chestnut trees changed the direction of chestnut research in the United States. Ink disease, caused by the root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi, was discovered to be the cause of widespread death of chestnuts and chinquapins in the southern United States, which had been observed since about 1850. This imported pathogen probably came into the southern United States before 1824. The second chestnut disaster was the introduction of chestnut blight disease, which was first found in the United States in 1904. The pathogen causing the lethal cankers is an Ascomycete now known as Cryphonectria parasitica. The longest continuing chestnut breeding program in the United States is in Connecticut.
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Witek, Michał. "The changing face of the “Yellow Peril” — representations of Asians and Asian Americans in the context of the “streaming revolution” in the United States." Prace Kulturoznawcze 24, no. 4 (January 10, 2021): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.24.4.2.
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The aim of this article is a critical analysis of the changing landscape of American streaming and post-network television content offer in the context of Asians’ and Asian Americans’ representations. The focus of this analysis is primarily on the stereotypes — the mechanisms behind their construction and deconstruction, and their role in the shaping of the popular image of Asians and Asian Americans. The secondary goal is the attempt to show how the culturally constructed Other is constantly present in the common imagination of the TV and cinema audience, and how this construct influences production companies, audiences, and showrunners in the USA. The question of the postulated “change” in the representation of Asian and Asian Americans, and their visibility remains open for further debate. However, I have attempted to restrict it to the model example of two series over the past twenty years.
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Verboord, Marc, and Amanda Brandellero. "The Globalization of Popular Music, 1960-2010: A Multilevel Analysis of Music Flows." Communication Research 45, no. 4 (January 13, 2016): 603–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650215623834.
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This study offers a cross-national multilayered analysis of music flows between 1960 and 2010. Advancing on previous empirical studies of cultural globalization, it attends to the global and country level, while adding the individual level of music flows. Concretely, the authors analyze the international composition of pop charts in nine countries by (a) mapping trends, (b) comparing countries, and (c) conducting multivariate analyses. The results show that pop charts increasingly contain foreign music, with the exception of the United States. Explanatory analyses of foreign success confirm that limited cultural distance results in greater flow as found in film and television studies, while revealing additional positive impacts of centrality of production (e.g., artists from more “central” countries in music production are more likely to chart abroad) and the “star power” of artists. Both the innovative methodological approach and findings of this article offer promising research avenues for globalization, media industry, and celebrity studies.
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Bryndin, Evgeniy. "Digital Cyclical Ecological Regional Self-Sufficient Economy." Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education 2, no. 2 (June 14, 2020): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.asci22101.
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The economy is sphere of public work and the set of relations that form in the system of production, distribution, exchange and consumption. The paper examines the digital, cyclical, environmental and regional aspects of a cyclical digital environmental regional economy. The digital direction of the economy uses digital twins and robots as assistants to improve its quality, productivity and efficiency. The cyclical economy uses savings and profits to boost its competition and development. The environmental direction of the economy maintains the viability of the environment. The regional economy increases diversification and capacity of local production and preserves the environment in its territory regardless of the type of economic activity. Cyclical aspects of the economy of self-sufficiency mainly concern the financial round-up, and the closed reproduction cycle. Business models of cyclic reproduction realize its economic self-sufficiency. At present, Russia, China, the United States and EU integration education have achieved the optimal level of national economic self-sufficiency. Russia, the United States, and the EU have the necessary financial and human resources. At the same time, China, with excessive human resources, is pursuing a policy of expansion into developing and underdeveloped countries. The main reason for countries to abandon autarky policies in favor of globalization of research activities is the decline in profit levels. The reason for this situation lies in the availability of cheap labour and favourable economic conditions, and production in countries is therefore cheaper. The reason for globalization and the international division of labour lies in maximizing profits, and autarks in maximizing national production, i.e. self-sufficiency. The unity of the Autarky State must be ensured by the existence of economic, historical, cultural ties, as well as by national equilibrium.
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Wróblewska, Anna. "Zrównoważona produkcja filmowa w Polsce. Geneza i perspektywy." Zarządzanie w Kulturze 22, no. 3 (September 2021): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.21.023.14283.
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Sustainable Film Production in Poland. The Origin and Prospects The 21st century has seen a growing awareness of the serious impact of film and television production on the natural environment. The film industry pollutes our environment in many ways, including carbon dioxide emissions, waste production, and energy and water consumption. The initiatives for sustainable development undertaken in many sectors of the economy have also reached the film industry. In Europe and the United States, various organisations and institutions have developed a number of recommendations in the field of sustainable film production. This paper, set in the film studies trend known as production culture, presents the global context as well as the nascent Polish practices of green filming. These initiatives, based on European examples, have so far been mainly bottom-up and dispersed or in the form of non-binding recommendations. The handful of producers and authors who have undertaken them are not in any way encouraged to be eco-friendly. Driven by their concern for the environment, however, they show the forward-looking way of thinking that should be followed by the entire industry.
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Godson, Linda. "Vowel Production in the Speech of Western Armenian Heritage Speakers." Heritage Language Journal 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2004): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.2.1.3.
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This study investigates whether the age at which English becomes dominant for Western Armenian bilinguals in the United States affects their vowel production in Western Armenian. Participating in the study were ten Western-Armenian bilinguals who learned English before age 8, ten bilinguals who did not learn English until adulthood, and one Western Armenian monolingual. Vowel production was measured using recordings from oral reading of a list of sentences. Results showed that English affects the Western Armenian vowel system but only for those vowels that are already close to English. This bifurcation of vowel behavior indicates that a single across-the-board principle that governs the influence of a dominant language on a minority language is too general. Other forces such as universal tendencies, normal diachronic change, and sociolinguistic pressures must be considered. In addition, even though the influence of English was stronger for those exposed to English as children than for those exposed as adults, the latter group showed significant changes in the direction of English. This means that the effects of the dominant language extend over a lifetime.
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Sharma, Sadikshya, and Melissa M. Kreye. "Forest Owner Willingness to Accept Payment for Forest Carbon in the United States: A Meta-Analysis." Forests 13, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091346.
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Forests in the United States provide important carbon sequestration services that could be leveraged for climate change mitigation. There is increased interest among decision makers and investors to extend forest carbon payment programs to family forest owners (FFOs), the largest category of private forest owners. Since FFOs manage forests for multiple objectives, it is unclear which contract requirements and payment levels will appeal to early adopters and perhaps establish the direction of innovation. To answer this question, we conducted a comprehensive review of the research literature assessing forest owner preferences for carbon payment programs. Out of 22 papers reviewed, a total of 13 stated preference studies were included in the meta-analysis. Robust regression modeling and benefit transfer techniques were used to generate estimates for carbon payment contracts for different categories of FFOs. Results show significant variation in forest owner willingness to accept (WTA) as a function of management objectives, contract length, number of forest acres, management plan requirement, and management restrictions. Average annual per acre payment values were lowest for conservation-oriented forest owners, followed by passive and production-oriented forest owners. Overall, findings suggest the need for diverse types of contracts and payment levels in order to have widespread participation in carbon programs by forest owners.
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Stasch, Rupert. "The Camera and the House: The Semiotics of New Guinea “Treehouses” in Global Visual Culture." Comparative Studies in Society and History 53, no. 1 (January 2011): 75–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000630.
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One of the most frequently encountered representations of West Papuan people internationally today is a photographic or video image of a Korowai or Kombai treehouse (Figure 1). Circulation of these images first exploded in the mid-1990s. In 1994, anArts & Entertainment Channelfilm about Korowai was broadcast in the United States under the titleTreehouse People: Cannibal Justice, and in 1996National Geographicpublished a photo essay titled “Irian Jaya's People of the Trees.” Korowai and Kombai treehouses have since been depicted in dozens of magazine and newspaper articles and twenty television productions, made by media professionals from the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, Croatia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Vietnam, and recently West Papua itself. Some representations have had mass global distribution through programming partnerships and satellite transmission agreements, and international editions of major magazines. Recently, several reality television programs have been produced about white travelers' stays in treehouses with Korowai or Kombai hosts. These include an episode ofTribebroadcast on BBC and Discovery in 2005, the six episodes ofLiving with the Kombai Tribeshown on Travel Channel and Discovery International in 2007, and an episode ofRendez-Vous En Terre Inconnuetelevised to much acclaim on France 2 in 2009. Treehouses were widely seen by Australian audiences in 2006 in theSixty Minutessegment “The Last Cannibals,” and during a subsequent media firestorm that surrounded a rival show's unsuccessful effort to film their anchor accompanying a supposedly endangered Korowai orphan boy to a safer life in town. In 2009, a BBC film crew filmed Korowai house construction for the forthcoming blockbuster seriesHuman Planet, and in 2010National Geographicbegan researching a possible second story on Korowai treehouses. In late June and early July 2010, photos of Korowai treehouses were published by newspapers in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Paraguay, Spain, Romania, Hungary, Turkey, Finland, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and other countries, to illustrate stories reporting the Indonesian census bureau's announcement that it had counted Korowai thoroughly for the first time (e.g., Andrade 2010; most stories drew their content from Agence France-Presse). In August 2010, production began for a feature-length Indonesian film about physical and romantic travails of Javanese protagonists who sojourn with Korowai in their jungle home; no filming is being carried out in the Korowai area or with Korowai actors, but treehouses figure prominently in the film's early written and visual publicity.
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Lavelle, Katherine L. "“One of These Things Is Not Like the Others”: Linguistic Representations of Yao Ming in NBA Game Commentary." International Journal of Sport Communication 4, no. 1 (March 2011): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.4.1.50.
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The re/production of Chinese cultural identity is often fraught with contradictions. When China’s Yao Ming was drafted Number 1 in the National Basketball Association (NBA) draft, he was supposed to reinforce and transcend Chinese/ Asian identity. Yao’s entrance into the NBA signaled a new understanding of Asian identity in the United States. To study this phenomenon, the author examined commentary from television broadcasts of U.S. NBA games featuring a prominent Asian athlete (Yao Ming) using critical discourse analysis. Analysis of 13 games from Yao Ming’s 2nd and 3rd seasons revealed that Yao is linguistically constructed as a panethnic Asian/Chinese person. In addition, the analysis upholds the stereotypes that Asian people are a “model minority” and unfit to play professional sports. Given the dearth of Asian players in the NBA, how do linguistic representations of Yao Ming in game commentary reinforce Asian and Chinese cultural stereotypes or create a new identity of China?
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Bahulikar, Rahul A., Ivone Torres-Jerez, Eric Worley, Kelly Craven, and Michael K. Udvardi. "Diversity of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Associated with Switchgrass in the Native Tallgrass Prairie of Northern Oklahoma." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 18 (July 7, 2014): 5636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02091-14.
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ABSTRACTSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) is a perennial C4grass native to North America that is being developed as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. Industrial nitrogen fertilizers enhance switchgrass biomass production but add to production and environmental costs. A potential sustainable alternative source of nitrogen is biological nitrogen fixation. As a step in this direction, we studied the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) associated with native switchgrass plants from the tallgrass prairie of northern Oklahoma (United States), using a culture-independent approach. DNA sequences from the nitrogenase structural gene,nifH, revealed over 20 putative diazotrophs from the alpha-, beta-, delta-, and gammaproteobacteria and the firmicutes associated with roots and shoots of switchgrass. Alphaproteobacteria, especially rhizobia, predominated. Sequences derived fromnifHRNA indicated expression of this gene in several bacteria of the alpha-, beta-, delta-, and gammaproteobacterial groups associated with roots. Prominent among these wereRhizobiumandMethylobacteriumspecies of the alphaproteobacteria,BurkholderiaandAzoarcusspecies of the betaproteobacteria, andDesulfuromonasandGeobacterspecies of the deltaproteobacteria.
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Kim, Chung-kang. "Monstrous Science: The Great Monster Yonggari (1967) and Cold War Science in 1960s South Korea." Journal of Korean Studies 23, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 397–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-6973383.
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AbstractThis essay explores the cinematic Cold War in 1960s South Korea, focusing on a popular film, The Great Monster Yonggari (Taegoesu Yonggari, 1967), and its transnational production, circulation, and responses. Initially produced as a children’s movie by Korean film director Kim Kidŏk, Yonggari had great success at the box office in South Korea. Later, with cooperation and international marketing by the Japanese company Toei, this film was introduced by American International Pictures television in the United States in 1969 with the title Yongary, Monster from the Deep. The transnational cultural nexus in the production and distribution of The Great Monster Yonggari obviously reflects the global Cold War politics among the nations in the “free world.” While paying attention to this ideological aspect of the film and the centrality of science as a national developmental agenda in South Korea, the essay also looks closely at the anxieties behind the Cold War science within Yonggari, as the “silenced” nuclear disaster of Japan started to be publicly spoken in South Korean media in the mid-1960s. The film reminded Koreans of the victims in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and of East Asian “Hot Wars” that were hidden behind monstrous Cold War science.
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Ryzhenkov, Alexander V. "A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE IN THE UNITED STATES BASED ON A MACROECONOMIC MODEL: CONSEQUENCES FOR RUSSIA." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-3-1-181-190.
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This article develops an optimization neoliberal scenario 1 and a socially-oriented scenario 2 of capitalist reproduction based on US statistics for 2020-40. Scenario 1 preserves the socio-economic structure that generated the systemic, structural, and cyclical crisis of capitalism; it assumes a regular repetition of overproduction and paroxysms. The transforming social relations in the direction of tightening the workers’ control over production and the primary distribution of national income take place in scenario 2. Comparison of these pioneer scenarios with the projections by the Congressional Budget Office in the USA for 2020-2030 reveals the underestimation by the latter of the depth and duration of the epoch-making corona-crisis, which owes its name to the Covid-19 pandemic. The necessity for Russia of revival of the ideology of socialism, understood as the first phase of communism, is substantiated.
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Field, Heather. "European Media Regulation: The Increasing Importance of the Supranational." Media International Australia 95, no. 1 (May 2000): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009500110.
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Media regulation in Europe is examined with respect to the increasing importance of the ‘supranational’ in the shape of the EU. This supranational influence is found to be increasingly important for the audiovisual sector, but to a much lesser extent for the print media. There have been two major ‘prongs' to policy at the supranational level. The first of these is the Television Without Frontiers directive which has established European content requirements, as yet on a voluntary basis in the EU itself, but as mandatory requirements for the applicant countries for membership in Central and Eastern Europe. The second is the MEDIA program of subsidisation for training, pre-production and other activities in the audiovisual sector. The policy area is one which has been strongly fought over between ‘protectionists' such as France, the European Commission and the European Parliament on one side, and the more market and trade-oriented United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands, as well as the United States export lobby, on the other. Protection of culture is put forward as a major justification for regulation and subsidisation of the audiovisual sector and industry, with enthusiasm for this diminishing from north to south but being strongest in France.
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Nurdavletova, Sanya М., and Zhansaule I. Zharmakhanova. "ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF EUROPEAN OIL AND GAS TNC IN CENTRAL ASIA." Society and Security Insights 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2020)4-02.
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The article discusses aspects of cooperation in the oil sector of multinational companies representing the interests of European Union countries. In the context of the economic crisis, the impossibility of OPEC + to regulate oil prices and the volume of its production, it is difficult to make forecasts of further economic cooperation. The coronavirus pandemic has shown that, contrary to the interests of globalization, national economies must remain self-sufficient. In our opinion, in the future, the legal regime for the presence of multinational companies in the interests of national economies will be revised. The Energy Charter of 1991, depriving the Central Asian countries of the right to judicial protection, the oil economic crisis will lead to a severe crisis in the oil sector. The geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the United Arab Emirates against the United States creates a new balance of forces that will affect the development of the Central Asian direction of the European Union’s foreign policy as the basis for energy security.
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Ari, Ibrahim, and Muammer Koc. "Economic Growth, Public and Private Investment: A Comparative Study of China and the United States." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062243.
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Public and private investments play a central role in production functions by providing the required capital for development. There are many studies in the literature investigating the linear macroeconomic relations based on public and private investment in cross-country and country-specific analyses by focusing on various perspectives and methodologies. However, there is a gap in the literature in exploring nonlinear causal relations among public-private investment and economic growth, particularly in the U.S. and China, in order to comparatively discuss policy implementations and potential implications. To narrow the gap, this study investigates nonlinear causal relationships between public-private investment and gross domestic product in the U.S. and China, which are the largest economies comprising about 40 percent of the global gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018. These countries show a similar pattern in economic growth and implementing sustainable development goals, although they follow considerably different socio-economic regimes and fall into different development levels (i.e., developed and developing countries). Therefore, there should be a common underlying mechanism in macroeconomic factors that fosters economic development. In this regard, the motivation behind the study is to reveal a common, but hidden, behavior of the nonlinear causal relations of given macroeconomic factors in these countries to make recommendations about sustainable economic growth for policymakers. To this end, there are three main contributions of the paper. First, the research finds nonlinear dependencies in the related time series between 1960–2015, thereby nonlinear causality tests are performed to reach more reliable information than the linear causality. Second, the study formulates a feedback loop between public and private investment through economic growth, which indicates that public and private investment should stimulate each other directly or indirectly (i.e., through the GDP). Third, the direction of the causality does not affect sustainable economic growth as long as it exists directly or indirectly.
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Kovacevic, R., M. Hashish, R. Mohan, M. Ramulu, T. J. Kim, and E. S. Geskin. "State of the Art of Research and Development in Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 4B (November 1, 1997): 776–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836824.
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Thermodynamic analysis of material removal mechanisms indicates that an ideal tool for shaping of materials is a high energy beam, having infinitely small cross-section, precisely controlled depth, and direction of penetration, and does not cause any detrimental effects on the generated surface. The production of the beam should be relatively inexpensive and environmentally sound while the material removal rate should be reasonably high for the process to be viable. A narrow stream of high energy water mixed with abrasive particles comes close to meeting these requirements because abrasive waterjet machining has become one of the leading manufacturing technologies in a relatively short period of time. This paper gives an overview of the basic research and development activities in the area of abrasive waterjet machining in the 1990s in the United States.
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Garzaro, Daniela Menezes, Luís Fernando Varotto, Marcelo Carvalho, and Samara De Carvalho Pedro. "Interactivity and engagement: a systematic review of academic production in marketing." Revista Brasileira de Marketing 18, no. 3 (January 6, 2020): 246–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/remark.v18i3.16374.
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Purpose: This study aimed to identify the current direction of research on interactivity and engagement, specifically in the field of marketing, evaluating in-depth the main themes and methods of studied research, indicating new directions for future research.Method: From journals listed in the Web of Science, a systematic review of the literature was carried out through textual statistics analysis with the Iramuteq software. We conducted an in-depth analysis of 40 articles on the subject of engagement and interactivity.Results: We identified that the theme is studied in several environments, such as online environment, social communities, social media ads, games advertising and mobile telephony. The textual analysis indicates that the most frequent relation is related to the studies of branding. This work also identified that most of the research was carried out in the United States, and the most used approach was quantitative, primarily with the use of structural equation modeling.Theoretical contributions: This work contributes to consolidate the academic research in interactivity and engagement in the field of marketing. It shows that interactivity is directly related to engagement and its cognitive and affective commitment, generating an active relationship with technology, which influences satisfaction, trust and commitment.Originality/relevance: This study presents the most recent studies and presents relevant research gaps on the topic of engagement and interactivity, reinforcing its current relevance and increasing importance in marketing research.
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Patel, Unnati, Kavini Rathnayake, Emily C. Hunt, and Nirupama Singh. "Role of Nanomaterials in COVID-19 Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Vaccine Development." Journal of Nanotheranostics 3, no. 4 (September 22, 2022): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jnt3040011.
Full textAbstract:
Facing the deadly pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus all over the globe, it is crucial to devote efforts to fighting and preventing this infectious virus. Nanomaterials have gained much attention after the approval of lipid nanoparticle-based COVID-19 vaccines by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). In light of increasing demands for utilizing nanomaterials in the management of COVID-19, this comprehensive review focuses on the role of nanomaterials in the prevention, diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine development of COVID-19. First, we highlight the variety of nanomaterials usage in the prevention of COVID-19. We discuss the advantages of nanomaterials as well as their uses in the production of diagnostic tools and treatment methods. Finally, we review the role of nanomaterials in COVID-19 vaccine development. This review offers direction for creating products based on nanomaterials to combat COVID-19.
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Guerra Bendezu, Carlos, Liz Robladillo Bravo, and Vivian Romaní Franco. "Impact of productivity on exports: Case of the grape in Peru, 2007-2017." Journal of Global Management Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32829/gms.v2i1.69.
Full textAbstract:
Peru, in the last 10 years has been experiencing an almost constant growth in the exports of some products of the agricultural sector that have great acceptance in the international market. Among the products most in demand are the grapes, which are exported in significant quantities to the United States, China, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, among others. Although they have been presenting basically climatological problems, the production has followed an encouraging direction, improving its productivity every year, being the departments Piura, Ica, Lima, Lambayeque and La Libertad, the most representative as far as its production is concerned. In this scenario, where international markets open up thanks to agreements and treaties signed, the demands on producers increase, with productivity being the main indicator of continuous improvement, measuring advances in knowledge, techniques and specialization, generating greater production and better quality. Analyzing the impact of productivity on exports, allows us to have an idea of the cause-effect relationships between one and the other, allowing greater emphasis on strategies to generate improvements. The statistical analysis carried out showed that there is a significant impact of export productivity, so that for each additional tonne increased in production per hectare harvested, exports increase by 36,819 tons. This fact must be considered, since the dedication and the impulse that is granted to improve productivity will have very positive results in exports.