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Academic literature on the topic 'Télescope à muons'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Télescope à muons"
Picq, Claire. "Détermination du flux de muons atmosphériques avec le télescope à neutrinos ANTARES." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077140.
Full textThe neutrino telescope ANTARES is a deep-sea detector located in the Mediterranean Sea. The universe is transparent to neutrinos, so their study provides a unique means of improving our knowledge of the nature of cosmic rays, their origins and their emission from the most powerful astrophysical sources in the cosmos. Neutrinos also offer the possibility of opening a new energy window (>TeV) for observation of the universe. This thesis is dedicated to the study of the main background noise of the detect of, due to the passage of atmospheric muons produced by high energy cosmic rays interacting with atmospheric nuclei. The first part of this thesis focuses on the study of the detector. The different characteristics and the calibration of the detector as well as the techniques of monitoring the electronic are described. The second part of this thesis reports the various results obtained on the atmospheric muons with the five line detector. A detailed presentation of the simulations used is presented. The first difficulty of detecting atmospheric muons is due to the geometry of the detector. The second is due to the fact that the atmospheric muons often arrive in bundles and that the number of muons in these bundles is unknown at a depth of 2500 m. A first study based on simulations makes it possible to discriminate between the muons alone and the bundles of muons. A second study is dedicated to the measurement of the muon flux depending on the slant depth. The measurement is compatible with the results of other instruments when the systematic uncertainties are taken into account
Melissas, Maximilien-Dimitri. "Reconstruction de muons atmosphériques avec ANTARES." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22042.pdf.
Full textANTARES collaboration is building a neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. This detector contains 900 photomultipliers tubes, dispatched on 12 lines, in order to detect Cerenkov cone due to muon induced by neutrino interaction in the detector. Currently the five firsts lines have been deployed. A first job consist to study stability of detector calibration, which is a necessary step to understand the detector operation Then we studied optical properties of water, for this we developed a reconstruction method dedicated to LED Beacon. Extracted parameters being compatible with atmospheric muon simulation, we propose quality critters aiming to reject badly reconstructed events. Those were applied to real data in order to make a preliminary analysis of atmospherics muon with a 5-lines detector
Picot-Clemente, Nicolas. "Recherche de monopôles magnétiques avec le télescope à neutrinos ANTARES." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22084/document.
Full textThe ANTARES neutrino telescope is located at 2500 m depth, and is composed by an array of 900 photomultipliers to detect the Chrenkov light emitted by muons, induced by the neutrino interactions with matter, and in otrder to reconstruct their direction. Moreover, except the ability of detecting high enerdy neutrinos, neutrino telscopes could measure the crossing of magnetic monopoles in the detector. In this work, were first presented the differet calibration methods used in order to calibrate the photomultipliers, which are the heart of a neutrino telescope. The possibility of detecting magnetic monopoles with ANTARES has then been discussed, and a first analysis optimised for the search of magnetic monopoles with hight velocities showed the high sensitivity offered by the telescope. Finalmly, a track reconstruction algorithm has been modified, and a new analysis, this time sensitive over a larger range of velocities was performed. After the application of the analysis on data taken in 2008 by the ANTARES telescope, new ipper limits ont eh magnetic monopole flux, for masses below 10^{14} GeV were obtained, and are the best experimental constraints on their flux for the velocity region \beta = [0.65, 0.995]
Oppelt, Anne. "Etude de la résolution angulaire du télescope à neutrinos ANTARES." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001596.
Full textVernet, Kinson. "Imagerie densitométrique 3D des volcans par muographie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC112.
Full textMuography is an imaging technique in particle physics where atmospheric muons passing through a target are used to determine information about the interior of the target : density distribution or chemical composition via the atomic number. Depending on the energy of the muons and the amount of matter they have to cross, some of them will survive and others will be stopped by the target. And, the diffusion of the muons depends, to a first approximation, on their momentum and the average atomic number along their flight path. Muography proposes, from the measurement of the transmission and/or diffusion of muons through a target, to provide information about its interior.There are currently two types of muography : transmission muography, where the transmitted flux of muons through the target is measured to infer the density distribution of that target, and diffusion muography, where the diffusion of muons through the target is used to determine the distribution of the atomic number of the target. This thesis discusses transmission muography in order to radiography volcanoes.In the case of transmission muography, a muon telescope is used to measure the transmitted flux of atmospheric muons through the target. This flux is, to a first approximation, a bijective function of the amount of matter encountered by the muons. The idea is to invert the measured number of muons into a density estimation of the target.There are other imaging methods in geophysics that can be used to reconstruct the density of a target. This is the case, for example, of gravimetry and seismic imaging. These so-called conventional methods have weaknesses. For these methods, the inversion problem is either ill-posed, i.e. there is no unique solution, or the solution presents large variations for small variations of the parameters on which it depends. A set of additional constraints are then added to remove the non-uniqueness.In muography however, the inversion problem is well posed and the solution is unique. Conventional geophysical methods alone cannot determine the density of a target. Combined with muography, they have great potential, either by providing other information on the rock and/or on the nature of the water, or by improving the accuracy of the target density reconstruction.Several experiments use the CSDA (Continuous Slowing Down Approximation) approximation to estimate the survival probability of muons through a target. Using this approximation, thus neglecting the stochastic character of the interaction of muons with matter, underestimates the muon survival probability and therefore induces systematic effects on the density reconstruction. In standard rock kilometers the effect is 3% - 8% depending on the modeling of the interaction of high energy muons with matter. In addition, a bad estimation of the background of the low momentum muons affecting the measurement of the signal results in an underestimation of the density of the target with respect to the gravimetry. This probably comes from the use of the analytical approximation to simulate the propagation of the muons through the target and the difficulty of rejecting in the measurement those with low momentum. For these reasons, in the Muon IMaging (MIM) experiment (where this thesis was conducted), we use a Monte Carlo treatment to simulate the muon transport through the target. In this case, we can accurately estimate the effet of these low momentum muons on the density reconstruction. One of the techniques used in our experiment, to make the low momentum muons scatter so that they can be statistically rejected, is to insert a thickness of lead between the telescope detection planes. (...)
Lesparre, Nolwenn. "Mise au point d'une méthode de tomographie utilisant les muons d'origine cosmique : Applications au laboratoire souterrain du Mont Terri et au volcan de la Soufrière de Guadeloupe." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077104.
Full textMuons are produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere. Their low interaction probability with matter allows them to reach and cross the first kilometers of the Earth crust. The study of the muon flux attenuation allows to obtain a direct measurement of the rock opacity. This opacity corresponds to the media density, integrated along the muon path through rock. It is then possible to realise geophysical tomographies of geological objects. An underground muon flux model is developped herein from flux models estimated at surface and a model of muon flux attenuation through rock. It is necessary to evaluate the minimum time of data acquisition to realise a tomography, from the muon flux estimation and the a priori geological knowledge of the media. A feasability equation of the method is established, it depends on the studied object and on die detection capacity of the sensor used. Muons sensors have been built and conditionned to bear field installation. We developped the modelisation of their detection capacity and angular resolution as well as a calibration method to correct the signal from any distorsion. The development of this new tomographic method is then illustrated by two geophysical applications. The measurements realised in the Mont Terri underground laboratory (Switzerland) allowed us to benefit from stable acquisition conditions to perfect the telescopes construction and validate the different models. A second sensor has been placed later on la Soufrière de Guadeloupe flanks (West Indies). The density tomography allows to improve the knowledge of the internal structure in order to better estimate the hazards of this dangerous volcano
Girault, Frédéric. "Etude des flux de dioxyde de carbone et de radon dans l'Himalaya du Népal." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077115.
Full textDuring this thesis, 1640 measurements of CO₂ flux and 876 measurements of the flux of radioactive gas radon-222 have been performed at the Syabru-Bensi geothermal System in the central Himalayas of Nepal. Fluxes reach extremely large values, larger than 100 kg m. ⁻² day⁻¹ for CO₂ and 12 Bq m⁻² s⁻¹ for radon. Overall, from Western Nepal to the East of central Nepal, more than 2700 measurements of C0₂ flux and more than 1300 measurements of radon flux have been carried out. Integrated C0₂ discharges vary from values of about 1 t year⁻¹ to values between 500 and 2400 t year⁻¹, and are organized in a coherent manner over sites separated by more than 10 km. Large discharges are concentrated between the East of the Annapurnas and the Upper Trisuli Valley, segment which coincides with moderate microseismic activity and a gap of large earthquakes. C0₂ discharge is always associated with radon discharge, with a relationship which depends on the site. Measurements of the radon source term, the effective radium concentration (ECRa), have been performed with more than 1400 rock and soil samples, thanks to which simple transport model have been established. Large radon discharge can be associated with a small CO₂ discharge, when CO₂ originates from the degassing of a radon rich hot spring, or when soil shows large ECRa. Large radon fluxes can be associated with large CO₂ flux in the presence of degassing of a hot spring with large flow rate, but also when CO₂ is transported from a deep metamorphic source through fault networks. This thesis opens new perspectives on the relationship between earthquakes and geological fluids