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Lipps, Oliver, and Marieke Voorpostel. "Can Interviewer Evaluations Predict Short-Term and Long-Term Participation in Telephone Panels?" Journal of Official Statistics 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2020-0006.
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AbstractInterviewers often assess after the interview the respondent’s ability and reluctance to participate. Prior research has shown that this evaluation is associated with next-wave response behavior in face-to-face surveys. Our study adds to this research by looking at this association in telephone surveys, where an interviewer typically has less information on which to base an assessment. We looked at next-wave participation, non-contact and refusal, as well as longer-term participation patterns. We found that interviewers were better able to anticipate refusal than non-contact relative to participation, especially in the next wave, but also in the longer term. Our findings confirm that interviewer evaluations – in particular of the respondent’s reluctance to participate – can help predict response at later waves, also after controlling for commonly used predictors of survey nonresponse. In addition to helping to predict nonresponse in the short term, interviewer evaluations provide useful information for a long-term perspective as well, which may be used to improve nonresponse adjustment and in responsive designs in longitudinal surveys.
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Brandon, Paul R. "State-Level Evaluations of School Programs Funded under the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act." Journal of Drug Education 22, no. 1 (March 1992): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fk6n-mgaf-chgu-q2yj.
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Although the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 and the 1989 Amendments to the Act require states to evaluate their drug-education programs, no guidelines for conducting these evaluations have been produced, and little has been reported on how the states are conducting such evaluations. In this article, the results of a telephone survey on current state-level efforts to evaluate school programs funded under the Act are reported. Some states report studies of the implementation of the program and some report drug- and alcohol-use surveys. Together, these two types of evaluation efforts form the foundation of an approach for conducting evaluations under the Act. Reasons are presented why experimental and quasi-experimental designs might be inappropriate and impractical for the evaluations, and an evaluation approach linking program implementation findings and drug- and alcohol-use survey results is suggested.
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Wassink, Heather L., Gwen E. Chapman, Ryna Levy-Milne, and Lisa Forster-Coull. "Implementing the British Columbia Nutrition Survey: Perspectives of Interviewers and Facilitators." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 65, no. 2 (July 2004): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/65.2.2004.59.
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The British Columbia Nutrition Survey was the last of ten provincial nutrition surveys completed between 1988 and 1999. A qualitative process evaluation was conducted to identify strengths and weaknesses of British Columbia Nutrition Survey procedures, as perceived by 27 public health nurses and dietitians directly involved in data collection. Data for the process evaluation were collected through in-depth telephone interviews, during which interviewers and facilitators described their experiences working for the survey. Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts identified codes that were then organized into eight categories, including issues arising from interviewer and facilitator training, challenges in recruiting survey participants, reflections on safety for survey personnel and participants, facilitators’ key role, the flexibility required to implement the protocol, and communication within the survey research team. Two final categories related to rewarding aspects of the job: insights affecting professional practice, and meeting survey participants and personnel. Evaluation findings show the importance of establishing open communication between research planners and those conducting surveys. This communication is needed to ensure that workers’ needs are met, the quality of the study is maximized, and evaluations of study protocols include the perspectives of those directly involved in data collection.
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Myllyluoma, Jaana, Patty Greenberg, Charles Wolters, and Pamela Kaifer. "Assessing Community—Wide Outcomes of Prevention Marketing Campaigns through Telephone Surveys." Social Marketing Quarterly 6, no. 1 (March 2000): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.2000.9961090.
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Researchers at Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation (CPHRE) were contracted by the Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC) to conduct a random sample survey to serve as one component of the evaluation of the Prevention Marketing Initiative (PMI) Local Site Demonstration Project, a community-based HIV prevention program for adolescents. Data were collected from 1,402 adolescents over a 23-month period. A five wave, cross-sectional design was used. A dual sampling strategy combined Random Digit Dialing (RDD) with Listed Household (LHH) samples. Particular care was devoted to ensuring the rights of teenaged participants. Data were collected anonymously and concerns about confidentiality and privacy informed design and operational decisions. Response rate goals were achieved. Factors that may have contributed to the adequacy of the response rate include the use of advance letters and a toll-free phone line as well as sensitivity to the needs and concerns of the target population, the perceived legitimacy of CDC research and the perseverance of the interviewers.
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Newbould, Jennifer, Sarah Ball, Gary Abel, Matthew Barclay, Tray Brown, Jennie Corbett, Brett Doble, et al. "A ‘telephone first’ approach to demand management in English general practice: a multimethod evaluation." Health Services and Delivery Research 7, no. 17 (May 2019): 1–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr07170.
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Background The increasing difficulty experienced by general practices in meeting patient demand is leading to new approaches being tried, including greater use of telephone consulting. Objectives To evaluate a ‘telephone first’ approach, in which all patients requesting a general practitioner (GP) appointment are asked to speak to a GP on the telephone first. Methods The study used a controlled before-and-after (time-series) approach using national reference data sets; it also incorporated economic and qualitative elements. There was a comparison between 146 practices using the ‘telephone first’ approach and control practices in England with regard to GP Patient Survey scores and secondary care utilisation (Hospital Episode Statistics). A practice manager survey was used in the ‘telephone first’ practices. There was an analysis of practice data and the patient surveys conducted in 20 practices using the ‘telephone first’ approach. Interviews were conducted with 43 patients and 49 primary care staff. The study also included an analysis of costs. Results Following the introduction of the ‘telephone first’ approach, the average number of face-to-face consultations in practices decreased by 38% [95% confidence interval (CI) 29% to 45%; p < 0.0001], whereas there was a 12-fold increase in telephone consultations (95% CI 6.3-fold to 22.9-fold; p < 0.0001). The average durations of consultations decreased, which, when combined with the increased number of consultations, we estimate led to an overall increase of 8% in the mean time spent consulting by GPs, although there was a large amount of uncertainty (95% CI –1% to 17%; p = 0.0883). These average workload figures mask wide variation between practices, with some practices experiencing a substantial reduction in workload. Comparing ‘telephone first’ practices with control practices in England in terms of scores in the national GP Patient Survey, there was an improvement of 20 percentage points in responses to the survey question on length of time to get to see or speak to a doctor or nurse. Other responses were slightly negative. The introduction of the ‘telephone first’ approach was followed by a small (2%) increase in hospital admissions; there was no initial change in accident and emergency (A&E) department attendance, but there was a subsequent small (2%) decrease in the rate of increase in A&E attendances. We found no evidence that the ‘telephone first’ approach would produce net reductions in secondary care costs. Patients and staff expressed a wide range of both positive and negative views in interviews. Conclusions The ‘telephone first’ approach shows that many problems in general practice can be dealt with on the telephone. However, the approach does not suit all patients and is not a panacea for meeting demand for care, and it is unlikely to reduce secondary care costs. Future research could include identifying how telephone consulting best meets the needs of different patient groups and practices in varying circumstances and how resources can be tailored to predictable patterns of demand. Limitations We acknowledge a number of limitations to our approach. We did not conduct a systematic review of the literature, data collected from clinical administrative records were not originally designed for research purposes and for one element of the study we had no control data. In the economic analysis, we relied on practice managers’ perceptions of staff changes attributed to the ‘telephone first’ approach. In our qualitative work and patient survey, we have some evidence that the practices that participated in that element of the study had a more positive patient experience than those that did not. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Englisher, Larry S., Susan Bregman, Stephen Pepin, and Alicia Powell Wilson. "Promoting Advanced Traveler Information Systems Among Cellular and Land-Line Phone Users: SmarTraveler Experience in Boston." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1588, no. 1 (January 1997): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1588-08.
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In 1993 the SmarTraveler advanced traveler information system (ATIS) was introduced to travelers in the greater Boston area as part of an operational test jointly funded by FHWA and the Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation and Construction. The service offers real-time, route-specific travel information by phone for major highways and public transit. During the 3-year test period from January 1993 to January 1996, service usage grew to nearly 60,000 calls per week, made by an average of more than 20,000 users. To achieve this growth, SmarTraveler was marketed to both cellular and land-line phone users using a variety of strategies over the course of the test. Evaluation and monitoring studies were commissioned to examine the degree to which users responded to SmarTraveler and the marketing program. The evaluation included extensive surveys of users and nonusers as well as tracking of calls and call frequency. The findings of the independent evaluation team on the success of various promotional efforts associated with the SmarTraveler operational test are presented. Overall, the marketing program aimed at the broad target market during the first 2 years appears to have been only partly successful in increasing the public’s level of awareness of SmarTraveler, in convincing its target market of SmarTraveler’s superiority to radio and TV travel reports, and in inducing trials. As a result of the second-year evaluation, changes were made to marketing and pricing during the third year of operation to target cellular telephone users. Further surveys were conducted to examine cellular telephone user response to these changes. SmarTraveler experienced a large increase in calls and users in the third year, especially in the cellular telephone market. Among the survey findings was that this market is quite price sensitive.
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Ethnasios, Ramez, Michael Rotblatt, and Soma Wali. "Using a Web-Based Survey for the Annual Internal Medicine Residency Evaluation." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00175.1.
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Abstract Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires annual surveys of residency programs. Intervention We switched from a paper-based to a web-based survey and report on the efficiency and quality improvement gains from this change. To determine the prevalence of web-based surveys, we conducted a web-based and telephone survey of 17 internal medicine residency training programs in Southern California. Fifteen programs provided data (88% response rate). Results By making the switch, our internal medicine residency program was able to save over 50 administrative hours and over 1000 pieces of paper. A total investment of $20 for the Surveymonkey.com account (Palo Alto, CA) and approximately 15 hours to migrate the survey was made. The program administrators were able to more rapidly analyze and respond to the feedback from the residents with this system. Our survey of other programs showed that of 15 programs, 12 used a web-based survey system (80%) and 3 used a paper-based system (20%). Surveymonkey.com was the most popular system used. Conclusions We feel that the quality of response to resident feedback was enhanced by the real-time reaction to comments and assessments. Residents also appreciated the benefits of such a change. We recommend this approach to other programs that are still using paper-based surveys.
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Löfstedt, Ragnar E. "An Evaluation of a UK Energy Conservation Programme." Energy & Environment 7, no. 1 (February 1996): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9600700103.
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This paper evaluates the Department of the Environment's Helping the Earth Begins at Home Campaign that was carried out in the early 1990s from a global warming perception perspective. The study is based on both qualitative and quantitative research in the UK including random telephone surveys and interviews with policy makers. The study shows that the campaign largely failed for two reasons: a) the majority of the respondents did not make a link between their own energy consumption and global warming and b) the respondent's still confused global warming with the ozone hole.
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Bosch, Darrell J., and Katherine L. Lee. "The Farm Level Effects of Better Access to Information: The Case of Dart." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 20, no. 2 (December 1988): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017659.
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AbstractIn this study, two methods of entering and accessing dairy herd records are compared: the traditional mail-in Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) system and the Direct Access to Records by Telephone (DART) system, which provides more timely and convenient access to records. An evaluation of DART was carried out using mail survey responses from 117 DART users and telephone surveys of 40 randomly selected users. Results indicate that DART users are generally satisfied with the system and feel that it improves their herd management. Variations in use of the DART system by DART users are explained by herd, cost, and management variables. DART users and comparable non-DART, DHI users are compared with respect to gains in herd production efficiency. Results indicate that DART users made somewhat better gains in most efficiency measures but that the differences were generally not statistically significant.
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Biemer, P. P., and A. Peytchev. "Census Geocoding for Nonresponse Bias Evaluation in Telephone Surveys: An Assessment of the Error Properties." Public Opinion Quarterly 76, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 432–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs035.
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Stiel, Stephanie, Christina Hollberg, Martina Pestinger, Christoph Ostgathe, Friedemann Nauck, Gabriele Lindena, Frank Elsner, and Lukas Radbruch. "Subjective Definitions of Problems and Symptoms in Palliative Care." Palliative Care: Research and Treatment 5 (January 2011): PCRT.S6081. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/pcrt.s6081.
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Background Data from the core data set of the Hospice and Palliative Care Evaluation (HOPE) from 1999 to 2001 demonstrated considerable variance in the incidence of patients’ symptoms and problems between participating services. This paper aims to investigate these differences more closely. Methods During the evaluation period of HOPE in 2002 a telephone survey with a representative of each participating unit was performed. Telephone interviews assessed the professionals’ definitions of selected symptoms and estimates of problem and symptom incidences. Content analysis was used to evaluate qualitative answers. Results Staff members rated pain, weakness, nausea/emesis as the most frequent physical symptoms; anxiety, depression and amentia as most frequent psychological symptoms; wound treatment, mobilisation and weakness as nursing problems and organisation of care settings, loneliness, demands of relatives the most common social needs. Staff members used a wide range of definitions for cachexia, weakness and depression. Discussion Standard definitions of symptoms and problems were lacking in the articulation of subjective staff members’ perspectives. Meaningful evaluation of multicentre surveys would require training in symptom assessment and classification in order to produce a common basis for documentation. Even though definitions differed widely, underlying concepts seemed to be compatible.
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Simpson, Hazel E. "Sexuality Education in Technical and Vocational Institutions in Guyana: Possibilities and Challenges." LEARNing Landscapes 10, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v10i2.816.
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This paper reports on the results of an exploratory evaluation of a sexuality education program that was introduced in technical and vocational institutions in Guyana. The rationale for the program is outlined, along with the methodology employed in the evaluation of the program, including the analysis of data from document reviews, telephone and face-to-face interviews, and surveys of facilitators and students’ perceptions of the program. The findings of the evaluation are presented and the author offers some considerations to be taken into account when developing and implementing new programs.
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Lu, Bo, Juan Peng, and Timothy Sahr. "Estimation bias of different design and analytical strategies in dual-frame telephone surveys: an empirical evaluation." Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 83, no. 12 (December 2013): 2352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2012.692369.
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Salas, Maribel, Michele Julian, Leonidas Drogaris, Zahidul Islam, Mackenzie Henderson, Annette Stemhagen, Natalie O'Donnell, and Nora Tu. "A qualitative evaluation of patient and healthcare provider knowledge, attitudes, and behavior for safety and use of pexidartinib." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 10, no. 3 (February 2021): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2020-0147.
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Aim: Pexidartinib is approved in the USA for the treatment of symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor associated with severe morbidity or functional limitations and not amenable to improvement with surgery. Due to risk of serious liver injury, a survey of patient and healthcare provider (HCP) knowledge, attitudes, and behavior (KAB) of the risks was required. Materials & methods: Prior to KAB survey execution, structured telephone interviews with 12 patients and 12 HCPs were conducted. Results: The interviews revealed that patients had difficulty with the complexity and wordiness of some of the questions, while HCPs noted that some questions were repetitive with terminology that was not self-explanatory. Of the 15 questions initially in the patient survey, nine were modified for survey inclusion. For the HCP survey, 10 of 18 questions were modified. Conclusion: Qualitative research prior to KAB surveys is recommended to improve comprehension and data quality.
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Yun, Dong-Ju. "Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy and Posterolateral Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Antero- and Retrospondylolisthesis." Pain Physician 4;23, no. 7;4 (July 14, 2020): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2020/23/393.
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Background: Posterolateral endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PLELD) or percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy has been reported to be effective as treatment for herniated lumbar disc in degenerative spondylolisthesis. Few studies have investigated the outcomes of open lumbar microdiscectomy (OLM) and PLELD for antero- and retrospondylolisthesis with mild slippage and instability. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of OLM and PLELD for antero- and retrospondylolisthesis with mild slippage and instability. Study Design: This study used a retrospective design. Setting: Research was conducted in a hospital and outpatient surgical center. Methods: This study enrolled 84 patients aged 20 to 60 years with low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis who underwent OLM or PLELD for antero- or retrospondylolisthesis at our hospital between March 2007 and August 2014 and who were followed up for at least 3 years. Telephone survey and chart review, with a particular focus on pre- and postoperative radiographic parameters, were conducted. Additionally, patients were invited to undergo reexamination to update their clinical and radiological data. Results: Telephone surveys and clinical/imaging evaluation were conducted on the OLM and PLELD groups at a mean of 71.44 and 74.69 months, respectively. Out of 43 patients who underwent OLM, 34 responded to the telephone survey, 17 of whom then underwent reexamination. Among 41 patients who underwent PLELD, 32 responded to the telephone survey, 19 of whom then underwent reexamination. Based on telephone surveys and patient charts, reoperation at the same vertebral level was confirmed in 8 patients (23.5%) who underwent OLM and one patient (4.4%) who underwent PLELD, with a significantly higher rate of reoperation in the OLM group (P = .028). Vertebral disc height decreased more after OLM than after PLELD. Compared to PLELD, OLM was associated with significantly worse rates of iatrogenic endplate damage, endplate defect scores, and alterations in subchondral bone signal intensity. However, the final clinical outcomes did not differ between OLM and PLELD. Limitations: The limitations of this study include its relatively small sample size and the possibility of bias owing to nonrandomized patient selection. Conclusions: In patients with spondylolisthesis who have a herniated lumbar disc as mild slippage with instability, PLELD may be a good treatment option to reduce recurrence rates and mitigate disc degeneration. IRB approval number: 2016-12-WSH-011 Key words: Anterospondylolisthesis, disc degeneration, endplate, herniated lumbar disc, open lumbar discectomy, percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, posterolateral endoscopic lumbar discectomy, retrospondylolisthesis, slippage
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Perera, Chamal, Darshana Jayasooriya, Gimhan Jayasiri, Chameera Randil, Chaminda Bandara, Chandana Siriwardana, Ranjith Dissanayake, et al. "Evaluation of gaps in early warning mechanisms and evacuation procedures for coastal communities in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2019-0048.
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Purpose Even though Sri Lanka has established Early Warning (EW) mechanisms and Evacuation Procedures (EP) for the communities affected by the coastal disasters, there are several gaps, which hinder effective mechanisms in operation of disaster management practices. These gaps affect both the vulnerable communities and relevant authorities involved in the Disaster Management sector. This paper aims to identify and evaluate those gaps while providing adequate solutions. Design/methodology/approach For that, questionnaire surveys were carried out with a sample size of 217 via an online survey (117) among the urban level and interviews and telephone interviews (100) with the village level coastal communities. Data analysis was carried out using statistical analysis of questionnaire surveys and grounded theory was used for in-depth qualitative study. Findings Primary and secondary data obtained from the surveys were categorized under five themes, namely, response to early warning systems, evacuation routes, shelters, drills and training, effect of having a family vehicle, relatives and domestic animals, evacuation of people with special needs and cooperation with local government units. This paper analyses these themes in detail. Originality/value While critically evaluating the gaps in existing early warning mechanisms and evacuation procedures, this paper identifies correlations between some of the gaps and recommendations as well. Input from the international academics were also obtained at different forums and have strengthen the findings to overcome the barriers, which hinder successful mechanisms.
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Bell, Fiona, Richard Pilbery, Rob Connell, Dean Fletcher, Tracy Leatherland, Linda Cottrell, and Peter Webster. "The acceptability and safety of video triage for ambulance service patients and clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic." British Paramedic Journal 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29045/14784726.2021.9.6.2.49.
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Introduction: In response to anticipated challenges with urgent and emergency healthcare delivery during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust introduced video technology to supplement remote triage and ‘hear and treat’ consultations as a pilot project in the EOC. We conducted a service evaluation with the aim of investigating patient and staff acceptability of video triage, and the safety of the decision-making process.Methods: This service evaluation utilised a mixture of routine and bespoke data collection. We sent postal surveys to patients who were recipients of a video triage, and clinicians who were involved in the video triage pilot logged calls they attempted and undertook.Results: Between 27 March and 25 August 2020, clinicians documented 1073 triage calls. A successful video triage call was achieved in 641 (59.7%) cases. Clinical staff reported that video triage improved clinical assessment and decision making compared to telephone alone, and found the technology accessible for patients. Patients who received a video triage call and responded to the survey (40/201, 19.9%) were also satisfied with the technology and with the care they received. Callers receiving video triage that ended with a disposition of ‘hear and treat’ had a lower rate of re-contacting the service within 24 hours compared to callers that received clinical hub telephone triage alone (16/212, 7.5% vs. 2508/14349, 17.5% respectively).Conclusion: In this single NHS Ambulance Trust evaluation, the use of video triage for low-acuity calls appeared to be safe, with low rates of re-contact and high levels of patient and clinician satisfaction compared to standard telephone triage. However, video triage is not always appropriate for or acceptable to patients and technical issues were not uncommon.
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Bell, Fiona, Richard Pilbery, Rob Connell, Dean Fletcher, Tracy Leatherland, Linda Cottrell, and Peter Webster. "PP35 The acceptability and safety of video triage for ambulance service patients and clinicians during the covid-19 pandemic: a service evaluation." Emergency Medicine Journal 38, no. 9 (August 19, 2021): A15.1—A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2021-999.35.
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IntroductionIn response to anticipated challenges with urgent and emergency healthcare delivery during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust (YAS) introduced video call technology to supplement remote triage and ‘hear and treat’ consultations as a pilot project in the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC). We aimed to investigate patient and staff acceptability of video triage, and the safety of the decision-making process.MethodsThis service evaluation utilised a mixture of routine 999 call and bespoke data collection from participating clinicians who logged calls they both attempted and undertook. We sent postal surveys to a group of patients who were recipients of a video triage.ResultsBetween 27th March 2020 and 25th August 2020 clinicians documented 1073 video triage calls. A successful video triage call was achieved in 641 (59.7%) of cases. Clinical staff reported that video triage improved clinical assessment and decision making compared to telephone alone, and found the technology accessible for patients. Patients who received a video triage call and responded to the survey (40/201, 19.9%) viewed the technology, the ambulance staff and the care planning favourably.Callers receiving video triage that ended with a disposition of ‘hear and treat’, had a lower rate of re-contacting the service within 24 hours compared to callers that received clinical support desk telephone triage alone (16/212, 7.5% vs 2508/14349, 17.5% respectively.)ConclusionIn this single NHS Ambulance Trust evaluation, the use of video triage for low acuity calls appeared to be safe, with low rates of recontact and high levels of patient and clinician satisfaction compared to standard telephone triage. However, video triage is not always appropriate or acceptable to patients and technical issues were not uncommon.
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Purcell, Natalie, Kara Zamora, Daniel Bertenthal, Linda Abadjian, Jennifer Tighe, and Karen H. Seal. "How VA Whole Health Coaching Can Impact Veterans’ Health and Quality of Life: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Program Evaluation." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 10 (January 2021): 216495612199828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956121998283.
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Purpose To examine the impact of a pilot VA Whole Health Coaching program, including whether and how the program helps veterans improve their health and quality of life. Intervention Whole Health Coaching is a structured program to support veterans in making healthy behavior changes to promote holistic well-being. Design This mixed-methods quality-improvement evaluation combined surveys (pre- and post-coaching) with follow-up qualitative interviews. Setting The setting was a large VA healthcare system, encompassing a medical center and six community-based clinics in Northern California. Participants 65 veterans completed surveys at both time points; 42 completed qualitative interviews. Method Telephone surveys administered at baseline and 3 months assessed global health (PROMIS-10), perceived stress (PSS-4), and perceived health competency (PHCS-2). Pre- and post-scores were compared using t-tests. A subsample of participants completed a qualitative interview evaluating program experience, goal attainment, and the coaching relationship. Results Surveys showed significant improvements over baseline in mental health (p = 0.006; d = 0.36), stress (p = 0.003; d = –0.38), and perceived health competence (p = 0.01; d = 0.35). Interviewees were highly satisfied with their coaching experience, describing both effective program components and improvement opportunities. Conclusion Whole Health Coaching can help participants make meaningful progress toward health goals, reduce stress, and improve quality of life. The Whole Health model’s emphasis on holistic self-assessment; patient-driven goal-setting; supportive, non-judgmental inquiry; and mindful awareness contributed to program success and enhanced participants’ experience.
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Cheadle, Allen. "The Effect of Season on Physical Activity Among Older Adults in King County, Washington." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 3, no. 3 (July 2006): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.3.3.304.
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Background:Effective promotion of physical activity among older adults, and the evaluation of those efforts, requires a better understanding of the impact of seasonal patterns on physical activity.Methods:This article used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, a population-based telephone survey, to examine the association between levels of physical activity among older adults and season of the year, temperature, and rainfall.Results:A statistically significant seasonal pattern was identified for general physical activity; for example, recommended physical activity was 62% higher in relative terms in June than in December (63% active versus 39%). However, no significant association was found between season and walking, and rainfall and temperature did not appear to influence the level of activity over and above the effect of season.Conclusions:Evaluations of walking programs for seniors may not need to make adjustments for seasonality when measuring impact using pre/post surveys.
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JaKa, Meghan M., Jennifer M. Dinh, Jeanette Y. Ziegenfuss, Jerome C. Siy, Ameet P. Doshi, Yonatan Platt, and John R. Dressen. "Patient and Care Team Perspectives of Telemedicine in Critical Access Hospitals." Journal of Hospital Medicine 15, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3412.
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Telemedicine acute care may address issues facing critical access hospitals. This evaluation used web, mail, and telephone surveys to quantitatively and qualitatively assess patient and care team experience with telemedicine in 3 rural critical access hospitals and a large metropolitan tertiary care hospital. Results show that patients, nurses, and clinicians perceived quality of care as high, and they offered feasible recommendations to enhance communication and otherwise improve the experience. Continued work to improve, test, and publish findings on patient and care team experience with telemedicine is critical to providing quality services in often underserved communities.
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Harris, Carole V., Andrew S. Bradlyn, Nancy O. Tompkins, Melanie B. Purkey, Keri A. Kennedy, and George A. Kelley. "Evaluating the West Virginia Healthy Lifestyles Act: Methods and Procedures." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, s1 (January 2010): S31—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.s1.s31.
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Background:The West Virginia Healthy Lifestyles Act contained 5 school-based mandates intended to reduce childhood obesity. These addressed the sale of healthy beverages, physical education time, fitness assessment, health education and assessment, and Body Mass Index measurement. This article describes the processes and methods used to evaluate efforts to implement the legislation.Methods:University researchers and state public health and education staff formed the collaborative evaluation team. To assess perceptions and practices, surveys were completed with school personnel (53 superintendents, 586 principals, 398 physical education teachers, 214 nurses) and telephone interviews were conducted with a multistage, stratified sample of 1500 parents and 420 students statewide. Healthcare providers (N = 122) were surveyed regarding current child weight practices and interactions with families. Statewide data reflecting fitness, physical education plans, local wellness policies, and health knowledge were included in the evaluation.Results:The evaluation was facilitated by state officials and agencies, resulting in good access to survey groups and high survey response rates for school personnel (57% to 95% response rates); a substantially lower response rate was obtained for healthcare providers (22%).Conclusions:Collaborative design and implementation was a key factor in the successful conduct of this obesity policy evaluation.
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Humphreys, Lauren, Nerida Packham, Suzanne Blogg, Nicole Gonzaga, Scott Dickinson, and Renee Granger. "OP128 Evaluating The NPS MedicineWise Medicines Information Phone Service." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318001514.
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Introduction:The NPS MedicineWise pharmacist-delivered phone service, Medicines Line, aims to provide evidence-based medicines information to consumers. We evaluated outcomes of the Medicines Line, including common consumer inquiries and resultant decision-making, and explored consumer motivations for seeking medicines information.Methods:The evaluation involved conducting paper-based and telephone surveys of a sample of 200 Medicines Line callers, and semi-structured telephone interviews of a subset of twenty callers. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:Preliminary analysis found that the majority of callers thought the Medicines Line had improved their knowledge (ninety-six percent), confidence (eighty-two percent) and decision-making (eighty-nine percent). The most common reasons for calling the Medicines Line were inquiries about side effects or medicine compatibility. The medicines most commonly asked about were antidepressants (twenty percent), analgesics (thirteen percent) and antibiotics (nine percent). Questions about sertraline accounted for thirty-six percent of antidepressant inquiries. Interview themes regarding motivations for using the service included: trust; efficiency and convenience; specialized drug knowledge; and reporting adverse drug reactions to protect others from medicine-related harm. Medicines Line was perceived to be especially useful as an alternative to family physician or specialist consultations when consumers had a non-urgent inquiry about a medicine, and as a service to provide medicines information in remote communities.Conclusions:These results indicate that pharmacist-delivered medicines information telephone services are an effective and efficient way of handling medicines inquiries. Medicines information telephone services are effective in improving health literacy, by increasing callers’ knowledge and confidence to source evidence-based medicines information and improving their ability to make informed decisions about medicine use. This evaluation identified knowledge gaps in medicine side effects and antidepressant use. Identifying such knowledge gaps may be useful in informing future health professional education programs, community campaigns, and shared decision-making resources.
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Olsho, Lauren EW, Gayle Holmes Payne, Deborah Klein Walker, Sabrina Baronberg, Jan Jernigan, and Alyson Abrami. "Impacts of a farmers’ market incentive programme on fruit and vegetable access, purchase and consumption." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 15 (April 29, 2015): 2712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015001056.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines the impact of Health Bucks, a farmers’ market incentive programme, on awareness of and access to farmers’ markets, and fruit and vegetable purchase and consumption in low-income New York City neighbourhoods.DesignThe evaluation used two primary data collection methods: (i) an on-site point-of-purchase survey of farmers’ market shoppers; and (ii) a random-digit-dial telephone survey of residents in neighbourhoods where the programme operates. Additionally, we conducted a quasi-experimental analysis examining differential time trends in consumption before and after programme introduction using secondary Community Health Survey (CHS) data.SettingNew York City farmers’ markets and communities.SubjectsFarmers’ market shoppers (n 2287) completing point-of-purchase surveys in a representative sample of New York City farmers’ markets in 2010; residents (n 1025) completing random-digit-dial telephone survey interviews in 2010; and respondents (n 35 606) completing CHS interviews in 2002, 2004, 2008 and 2009.ResultsGreater Health Bucks exposure was associated with: (i) greater awareness of farmers’ markets; (ii) increased frequency and amount of farmers’ market purchases; and (iii) greater likelihood of a self-reported year-over-year increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. However, our CHS analysis did not detect impacts on consumption.ConclusionsWhile our study provides promising evidence that use of farmers’ market incentives is associated with increased awareness and use of farmers’ markets, additional research is needed to better understand impacts on fruit and vegetable consumption.
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Traicoff, Denise A., Dave Basarab, Derek T. Ehrhardt, Sandi Brown, Martin Celaya, Dennis Jarvis, and Elizabeth H. Howze. "Using Predictive Evaluation to Design, Evaluate, and Improve Training for Polio Volunteers." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 4, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2373379917739012.
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Background: Predictive Evaluation (PE) uses a four-step process to predict results then designs and evaluates a training intervention accordingly. In 2012, the Sustainable Management Development Program (SMDP) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention used PE to train Stop Transmission of Polio (STOP) program volunteers. Methods: Stakeholders defined specific beliefs and practices that volunteers should demonstrate. These predictions and adult learning practices were used to design a curriculum to train four cohorts. At the end of each workshop, volunteers completed a beliefs survey and wrote goals for intended actions. The goals were analyzed for acceptability based on four PE criteria. The percentage of acceptable goals and the beliefs survey results were used to define the quality of the workshop. A postassignment adoption evaluation was conducted for two cohorts, using an online survey and telephone or in-person structured interviews. The results were compared with the end of workshop findings. Results: The percentage of acceptable goals across the four cohorts ranged from 49% to 85%. In the adoption evaluation of two cohorts, 88% and 94% of respondents reported achieving or making significant progress toward their goal. A comparison of beliefs survey responses across the four cohorts indicated consistencies in beliefs that aligned with stakeholders’ predictions. Conclusions: Goal statements that participants write at the end of a workshop provide data to evaluate training quality. Beliefs surveys surface attitudes that could help or hinder workplace performance. The PE approach provides an innovative framework for health worker training and evaluation that emphasizes performance.
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Graves, Karen L. "An Evaluation of the Alcohol Warning Label: A Comparison of the United States and Ontario, Canada in 1990 and 1991." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 12, no. 1 (March 1993): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569501200103.
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To evaluate the impact of the introduction of a health warning label on alcoholic beverage containers, national household telephone interview surveys of adults were conducted in the United States (N = 2000) in 1989, 1990, and 1991 and in the Province of Ontario, Canada (N = 1000) in 1990 and 1991. In 1991 in the U.S., the proportion reporting awareness of the label increased to 27% and the following subgroups were more likely to have seen the label: men, 18 to 29 year olds, heavy drinkers, and the more educated. The pattern of early outcome results is consistent with a very modest impact of exposure to the warning labels.
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van Hulst, Andraea, Tracie A. Barnett, Véronique Déry, Geneviève Côté, and Christine Colin. "Health-promoting Vending Machines: Evaluation of a Pediatric Hospital Intervention." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 74, no. 1 (March 2013): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/74.1.2013.28.
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Purpose: Taking advantage of a natural experiment made possible by the placement of health-promoting vending machines (HPVMs), we evaluated the impact of the intervention on consumers’ attitudes toward and practices with vending machines in a pediatric hospital. Methods: Vending machines offering healthy snacks, meals, and beverages were developed to replace four vending machines offering the usual high-energy, low-nutrition fare. A pre- and post-intervention evaluation design was used; data were collected through exit surveys and six-week follow-up telephone surveys among potential vending machine users before (n=293) and after (n=226) placement of HPVMs. Chi-2 statistics were used to compare pre- and post-intervention participants’ responses. Results: More than 90% of pre- and post-intervention participants were satisfied with their purchase. Post-intervention participants were more likely to state that nutritional content and appropriateness of portion size were elements that influenced their purchase. Overall, post-intervention participants were more likely than pre-intervention participants to perceive as healthy the options offered by the hospital vending machines. Thirty-three percent of post-intervention participants recalled two or more sources of information integrated in the HPVM concept. No differences were found between pre- and postintervention participants’ readiness to adopt healthy diets. Conclusions: While the HPVM project had challenges as well as strengths, vending machines offering healthy snacks are feasible in hospital settings.
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Smithers, Penny, Sally B. Murray, Sophie Stewart, and Sue Skull. "Hospital health care worker (HCW) vaccination coverage after implementation of an HCW vaccination policy." Australian Health Review 26, no. 1 (2003): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah030076.
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The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-reported vaccination status of HCWs at a tertiary Australian hospital, one year after implementation of a HCW vaccination policy.Two cross-sectional telephone surveys were conducted with HCWs at the hospital prior to and one year after HCW vaccination policy implementation. There was a 95% (272/287) response rate from eligible HCWs in the follow-up survey.Despite 96% (260/272) of HCWs indicating a willingness to update their vaccination status, only 24% (65/272) reported being fully vaccinated. Successful policy implementation requires adequate resource allocation and organisational commitment. Ongoing evaluation can inform the success of this process.
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Phiri, Maxwell Agabu, and Degracia Khumalo. "Evaluation of social marketing objectives: A case study of the effectiveness of operation gcin’amanzi in soweto, South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 4 (2015): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i4c5p1.
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This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the social marketing goal in the implementation of Operation Gcin’amanzi (OGM) in Mofolo North, Soweto, South Africa. The paper is based on a quantitative in nature, although qualitative data was collected to confirm and clarify issues identified in the survey questionnaire. A process-based research approach was pursued in order to measure the impact of social marketing as a phenomenon that has been explored in changing consumer behaviour for the public good. Due to unsuccessful telephone calls to the Johannesburg Water’s communication centre (JW) there is a lack of information from them on specific studies or surveys conducted specifically on OGM since its inception. It is anticipated that the findings from this study will add value to the knowledge in the public sector by elevating the significant role of social marketing in the delivery of basic services projects. These projects are complex in nature as issues of equity, access and the impact on development have to be considered, unlike in traditional marketing approaches where it is the benefit and satisfaction of an individual consumer that is key.
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Bergson, Eric, and Robert T. Sataloff. "Preoperative Computerized Dynamic Posturography as a Prognostic Indicator of Balance Function in Patients with Acoustic Neuroma." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 84, no. 3 (March 2005): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130508400312.
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We conducted a study to determine the prognostic reliability of preoperative computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) in patients undergoing surgical excision of an acoustic neuroma. Our goal was to determine the correlation between objective preoperative assessments of balance function and subjective postoperative patient self-assessments. To that end, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 21 adults who had undergone preoperative CDP, and we subsequently obtained their subjective assessments of balance function by follow-up telephone surveys at least 1 year postoperatively. We conclude that although CDP has proven to be useful in many aspects of balance evaluation, it did not appear to be a valuable predictor of subjective postoperative balance function in these patients.
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Toktorbaeva, Nargiza, Timothy Williams, Nazgul Abazbekova, Jennifer Yourkavitch, and Silvia Alayon. "Methodological Lessons Learned From Conducting a Population-Based Phone Survey on Nutrition Practices in the Kyrgyz Republic." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab048_020.
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Abstract Objectives To share lessons from a survey on nutrition practices, where the methodology shifted from in-person to phone interviews due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The USAID Advancing Nutrition Project is conducting an impact evaluation in Kyrgyz Republic to determine the effect of project interventions on nutrition behaviors. Municipalities in Batken and Jalalabad regions were randomly assigned to intervention or comparison areas.The stepped wedge design includes baseline, midpoint, and endline surveys, carried out at 12-month intervals. The baseline survey was completed in late 2020. Difference in differences analysis and analysis of project exposure variables will be used to determine impact. Due to COVID-19, all interviews were carried out using computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). Results We interviewed 2,091 women with children under two years of age, with phone numbers obtained from health facilities in survey areas. The response rate (11.6% completed interviews) was similar or higher than typical phone surveys. Interviews included complex questions related to 11 nutrition practices, including women's and children's dietary recall. Average interview length was 31 minutes. 4% of respondents dropped before completing the call. Advantages of phone interviews included reduced travel costs, improved quality control, and real-time data review. Disadvantages included high non-response, inability to observe items such as handwashing stations, and potential biases related to phone ownership. Conclusions Our experience suggests that it is possible to carry out a complex, population-based nutrition survey using CATI. Response rates may be improved by building rapport at the start of the call. Interview length can be reduced using block randomization. Baseline levels of most indicators were similar to previous in-person surveys in Kyrgyzstan, suggesting CATI survey results can potentially provide accurate estimates of nutrition behaviors. Funding Sources United States Agency for International Development.
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Miller, Donald R., Alan C. Geller, Martha C. Wood, Robert A. Lew, and Howard K. Koh. "The Falmouth Safe Skin Project: Evaluation of a Community Program to Promote Sun Protection in Youth." Health Education & Behavior 26, no. 3 (June 1999): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019819902600307.
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Amultidimensional community-based skin cancer prevention programwas conducted in Falmouth, Massachusetts, combining community activism with publicity campaigns and behavioral interventions to improve sun protection knowledge; attitudes; and practices in parents, caregivers, and children. The programwas associated with improvements in target outcomes, based on two telephone surveys of random samples of parents ( n= 401, 404). After program implementation, fewer parents reported sunburning of their children, particularly among children 6 years old or younger (18.6% in 1994 vs. 3.2% in 1997), and more parents reported children using sunscreen, particularly continuous use at the beach (from 47.4% to 69.9% in younger children). Hat and shirt use did not increase. Improvements also were seen in parent role modeling of sun protection practices, parents’self-efficacy in protecting children from the sun, and sun protection knowledge. While these findings must be interpreted cautiously, they do suggest that this project was effective in promoting sun protection.
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Hodgetts, Sandra, Vivien Hollis, Ollie Triska, Steven Dennis, Helen Madill, and Elizabeth Taylor. "Occupational Therapy Students' and Graduates' Satisfaction with Professional Education and Preparedness for Practice." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 74, no. 3 (June 2007): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740707400303.
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Background. Occupational therapy students' and graduates' perceptions of their professional education have received limited attention. Purpose. This paper presents the perspectives of occupational therapy students and graduates regarding satisfaction with their professional education and preparedness for practice. Methods. Students and graduates provided feedback as part of an occupational therapy educational program evaluation at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Data were collected through surveys, focus groups, and telephone interviews. Results. Both students and recent graduates reported that they felt they lacked technical, intervention skills. Longer-term graduates were comfortable with their knowledge and skills, especially their ability to provide individualized intervention. Overall, students and graduates were satisfied with their education; however, it appeared to take between six months and two years of clinical practice for therapists to feel clinically competent. Implications. The results of this evaluation may have important implications for educational programs, students, graduates, fieldwork supervisors, and employers.
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Comino, Elizabeth J., Nicholas A. Zwar, and Oshana Hermiz. "The Macarthur GP After-hours Service: a model of after-hours care for Australia." Australian Health Review 31, no. 2 (2007): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070223.
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Introduction: The Macarthur GP After-hours Service (MGPAS) was established to streamline the provision of after-hours medical care in an outer-urban community. This paper reports on a process evaluation of the MGPAS. Methods: A mixed methods approach involving surveys, stakeholder interviews and analysis of administrative data was used. Results and discussion: This model of care was well accepted and regarded by general practitioners, Macarthur Health Service staff and the community. The MGPAS was found to be an acceptable and efficient model of after-hours medical care. Areas that required further review included the need for telephone triage, home visiting and improved communication and referral to the health service. The financial viability of the MGPAS depends on supplementary funding due to the constraints of the Medicare rebate, and limited opportunities to reduce costs or increase revenue. Further research, including an economic evaluation to identify opportunity costs of the service, is needed.
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Devine, Erin, Raquiba Jahan Khan, Karen Bedford, Wei Zhuang Jiang, and Henry Lim. "A group based smoking cessation pilot programme for community mental health clients in Sydney." Journal of Smoking Cessation 9, no. 1 (August 28, 2013): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2013.16.
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Introduction: This article describes the process and evaluation of a smoking cessation support programme for mental health clients in Sydney.Aim: The objective of the study was to assess a group-based smoking cessation support model for community mental health clients.Methods: Two community mental health services participated; 29 clients received free NRT products and weekly education for 12 weeks on: effects of smoking, nicotine dependence, NRT use, withdrawal process and the benefits of quitting. Evaluation included face-to-face interviews, telephone or postal survey using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: The baseline (n = 29) and follow-up (n = 14) surveys showed reduction in the number of cigarettes (30 to 21) smoked a day (55% vs. 36%). At one month 47% (n = 19) were confident about stopping smoking permanently whereas 19% (n = 14) reported the same after six months. Participants reported concerns of health effects, illness, physical symptoms (77% n = 27) and financial cost (93% n = 27) were the motivating factors in quitting. None of the findings was statistically significant.Conclusions: Community based interventions to address the rate of smoking in this group is needed. Financial and health benefits can be used as motivating factors, and integration of smoking cessation assistance in treatment and rehabilitation of mental health consumers would be useful.
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Janson, Martin, Per Carlsson, Eva Haglind, and Bo Anderberg. "Data validation in an economic evaluation of surgery for colon cancer." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 21, no. 2 (April 2005): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462305050336.
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Objectives:This study aimed to validate the accuracy of data retrieved in a prospective multicenter trial, the purpose of which was an economic evaluation of two techniques of surgery for colon cancer.Methods:Within the Swedish contribution of the COLOR trial (Colon Cancer Open or Laparoscopic Resection), an economic evaluation of open versus laparoscopic surgical techniques was conducted. Data were collected by case record forms (CRF), patient diaries, and telephone surveys every 2 weeks. The study period was 12 weeks, and the perspective was societal. Data from the first consecutive forty patients to complete the health economic study protocol were validated. Retrieved data were compared with data from medical records and data from local social security offices for agreement.Results:Statistically significant differences were found for duration of anesthesia, length of surgery, number of outpatient consultations by doctors and district nurses, complication rate, and the use of central venous lines. No significant differences were observed concerning length of hospital stay, disposable instruments cost, and time off work, all of which heavily influence total costs.Conclusions:The present method of data collection regarding resources used in this setting seems to produce accurate data for economic evaluation; however, relative to complication rates, the method did not retrieve accurate data.
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Hines, Declan, William Lee, Tamsin Ford, and Sophie Westwood. "Evaluation of paediatric liaison psychiatry services in England 2015-2019." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S325—S326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.856.
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AimsLiaison psychiatry services (LPSs) provide psychiatric care to general medical patients. This paper aims to evaluate LPS provision for children and young people In England.MethodThe annual Liaison Psychiatry Surveys of England (LPSEs) included questions on paediatric services from 2015 (LPSE-2). Questions were developed in consultation with NHS England and the Liaison Faculty of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. We analysed data from LPSE-2 and three subsequent surveys.LPSs were systematically identified by contacting all acute hospitals with Type 1 emergency departments listed by NHS England. All identified LPSs were emailed a copy of the questionnaire, with follow-up emails and telephone contact for non-responders. Responses by email, post or telephone were accepted.ResultThe number of acute hospitals with access to paediatric LPSs increased from 29 (16%) in 2015 to 46 (27%) in 2019; all of these hospitals had access to adult LPSs. The number of paediatric LPSs with at least 11 full time equivalent (FTE) mental health practitioners (MHPs) has increased from 6% to 24% and from none to 16% with 13 FTE or more MHPs. For both LPSE-4 and LPSE-5, there were only two acute hospitals where both 8 FTE MHPs and 1.5 FTE consultants were present. For LPSE-4, only one site met the Core 24 criteria (for adults - there are no criteria for paediatric LPSs) of 11 FTE MHPs and 1.5 FTE consultants, and for LPSE-5, both these sites exceeded them. Other paediatric services did not meet the adult core 24 criteria for a LPS.Acute hospitals with access to 24/7 paediatric LPSs increased from 12% to 19% between LPSE-4 and LPSE-5. In LPSE-5 68% of paediatric LPS worked to a one-hour response time target to the ED. This is an increase from 42% (14/33) in LPSE-4.ConclusionThere are still far fewer paediatric than adult LPSs, but the provision of paediatric LPSs improved from 2015 to 2019, with more services, more staffing, and faster response times. Services need to continue to improve as few services match the adult core 24 criteria for an LPS.
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Gittelsohn, Joel, Allan Steckler, Carolyn C. Johnson, Charlotte Pratt, Mira Grieser, Julie Pickrel, Elaine J. Stone, Terry Conway, Derek Coombs, and Lisa K. Staten. "Formative Research in School and Community-Based Health Programs and Studies: “State of the Art” and the TAAG Approach." Health Education & Behavior 33, no. 1 (February 2006): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198105282412.
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Formative research uses qualitative and quantitative methods to provide information for researchers to plan intervention programs. Gaps in the formative research literature include how to define goals, implementation plans, and research questions; select methods; analyze data; and develop interventions. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute funded the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), a randomized, multicenter field trial, to reduce the decline in physical activity in adolescent girls. The goals of the TAAG formative research are to (a) describe study communities and schools, (b) help design the trial’s interventions, (c) develop effective recruitment and retention strategies, and (d) design evaluation instruments. To meet these goals, a variety of methods, including telephone interviews, surveys and checklists, semistructured interviews, and focus group discussions, are employed. The purpose, method of development, and analyses are explained for each method.
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Nitsch-Osuch, Aneta, Anna Jagielska, and Lidia B. Brydak. "Influenza vaccination coverage rates in the general population and risk groups: A review of the current international situation." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 72 (December 31, 2018): 1138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8258.
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Although several national and international recommendations have been published, influenza vaccinations are carried out too rarely and thus vaccine coverage rates, both in the general population and in risk groups, remain at an unsatisfactorily low level. The paper presents the current data describing influenza vaccine coverage rates in different countries, in the general population and risk groups (including patients with chronic diseases, pregnant women, children the elderly) and health care workers. It is emphasized that there are many limitations related to the estimation of coverage rates. Methods that are currently used for the assessment of influenza vaccination coverage rates include the following: an analysis of data from health care facilities or providers, from national health insurance records, from well-documented national or private vaccine programs targeting at specific smaller groups, evaluation of national vaccine register, and national surveys of individuals. The establishment of coverage rates among specific groups usually requires another approach with the use of individual web- or telephone- based surveys, which is why selection bias and recall bias should be taken into consideration while discussing the results. The most common drivers and barriers for influenza vaccination are also identified and presented in the review.
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Witte, Kim, Tarla Rai Peterson, Shalini Vallabhan, Michael T. Stephenson, Carol D. Plugge, Vonda K. Givens, Jay D. Todd, Melissa G. Becktold, Mary Kay Hyde, and Robin Jarrett. "Preventing Tractor-Related Injuries and Deaths in Rural Populations: Using a Persuasive Health Message Framework in Formative Evaluation Research." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 13, no. 3 (October 1992): 219–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/uhu7-w9dm-0lgm-0gv3.
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Though agriculture is the most dangerous occupation in the United States, two key issues impede the effectiveness of farm safety interventions. First, little is known about what farmers think about farm equipment accidents and safety procedures. Second, current safety interventions are typically atheoretical and focus on information exchange, instead of persuasion. Formative evaluation is desperately needed, but rarely used in farm safety campaigns. The study reported here represents a formative evaluation based on a theoretically-grounded persuasive health message framework. The goal of this formative evaluation was to discover farmers' safety practices, as well as their beliefs about farm equipment accidents and safety. Methodological triangulation was achieved by assessing farmers' beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors via face-to-face interviews ( N = 46), telephone interviews ( N = 48), and mailed surveys ( N = 177). The formative evaluation revealed that farmers believe farm equipment accidents to be severe and dangerous, yet believe themselves to be invulnerable to these accidents. East Texas Farmer, Fall 1992 [My neighbor's wife] was running the big old tractor to shredding. And she hit a stump and it throwed her off and it run over her. Them big old tires run right over her and that shredder still running just chopped her all to pieces. Killed her just real quick.
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Cunningham, Frances C., Majella G. Murphy, Grace Ward, Royden Fagan, Brian Arley, and Peter H. d’Abbs. "Evaluation of the B.strong Queensland Indigenous Health Worker Brief Intervention Training Program for Multiple Health Risk Behaviours." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 4220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084220.
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Queensland’s B.strong brief intervention training program was a complex intervention developed for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workers to assist clients address multiple health risks of smoking, poor nutrition and physical inactivity. This study evaluates program effectiveness by applying the Kirkpatrick four-level evaluation model: (1) Reaction, participants’ satisfaction; (2) Learning, changes in participants’ knowledge, confidence, attitudes, skills and usual practice; (3) Behaviour, application of learning to practice; and (4) Results, outcomes resulting from training. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data for respondents completing pre-training, post-workshop and follow-up surveys. Changes in domains such as training participant knowledge, confidence, attitudes, and practices between survey times were assessed using paired-samples t-tests. From 2017–2019, B.strong trained 1150 health professionals, reaching targets for workshop and online training. Findings showed statistically significant improvements from baseline to follow-up in: participants’ knowledge, confidence, and some attitudes to conducting brief interventions in each domain of smoking cessation, nutrition and physical activity; and in the frequency of participants providing client brief interventions in each of the three domains. There was a statistically significant improvement in frequency of participants providing brief interventions for multiple health behaviours at the same time from pre-workshop to follow-up. Indigenous Queenslander telephone counselling referrals for smoking cessation increased during the program period. B.strong improved practitioners’ capacity to deliver brief interventions addressing multiple health risks with Indigenous clients.
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FEIN, SARA B., AMY M. LANDO, ALAN S. LEVY, MARIO F. TEISL, and CAROLINE NOBLET. "Trends in U.S. Consumers' Safe Handling and Consumption of Food and Their Risk Perceptions, 1988 through 2010." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-017.
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Although survey results measuring the safety of consumers' food handling and risky food consumption practices have been published for over 20 years, evaluation of trends is impossible because the designs of published studies are not comparable. The Food Safety Surveys used comparable methods to interview U.S. adults by telephone in 1988, 1993, 2001, 2006, and 2010 about food handling (i.e., cross-contamination prevention) and risky consumption practices (eating raw or undercooked foods from animals) and perceived risk from foodborne illness. Sample sizes ranged from 1,620 to 4,547. Responses were analyzed descriptively, and four indices measuring meat, chicken, and egg cross-contamination, fish cross-contamination, risky consumption, and risk perceptions were analyzed using generalized linear models. The extent of media coverage of food safety issues was also examined. We found a substantial improvement in food handling and consumption practices and an increase in perceived risk from foodborne illness between 1993 and 1998. All indices were stable or declined between 1998 and 2006. Between 2006 and 2010, the two safe food handling practice indices increased significantly, but risk perceptions did not change, and safe consumption declined. Women had safer food handling and consumption practices than men. The oldest and youngest respondents and those with the highest education had the least safe food handling behaviors. Changes in safety of practices over the survey years are consistent with the change in the number of media stories about food safety in the periods between surveys. This finding suggests that increased media attention to food safety issues may raise awareness of food safety hazards and increase vigilance in food handling by consumers.
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Heisler, Michele, and John D. Piette. "I Help You, and You Help Me." Diabetes Educator 31, no. 6 (November 2005): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721705283247.
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Purpose The feasibility and acceptability of using an Interactive Voice Response (IVR)–based platform to facilitate peer support among older adults with diabetes was evaluated. Methods Diabetes patients with poor glycemic control receiving care at a Veterans' Affairs medical center completed a baseline survey, received rudimentary training, and were matched based on their diabetes-related self-management needs. They were asked to contact their partner weekly using the toll-free IVR calling line. At the completion of the 6-week period, participants completed follow-up surveys and brief telephone interviews. Results Forty of 76 patients screened for eligibility by telephone agreed to participate, and 38 completed the 6-week intervention (50% of eligible patients). More than 80% of the pairs spoke at least once a week for 2 of the 6 weeks of the intervention. A total of 79% of the participants reported that the IVR system was easy to use, and 90% stated that they would be more satisfied with their health care if this type of peer support service were available. Of the participants, 70% found the calls helpful in managing diabetes symptoms, 73% reported that their partner helped them improve their self-care, and 70% stated that they helped their partner do things to stay healthy. There were significant improvements in participants' reported diabetes self-care self-efficacy between baseline and follow-up assessments (P< .01). Qualitative assessments suggested that participants found meaning and positive reinforcement for their own self-care through supporting their partner's efforts to manage diabetes. Conclusions An IVR peer support intervention is feasible, acceptable to patients, and may have positive effects on patients' diabetes self-management and health outcomes that warrant more rigorous evaluation in a randomized trial.
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Garvin, Teresa M., Alethea Chiappone, Lisa Boyd, Katie Stern, Jill Panichelli, Leigh Ann Edwards Hall, and Amy L. Yaroch. "Cooking Matters Mobile Application: a meal planning and preparation tool for low-income parents." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 12 (May 14, 2019): 2220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019001101.
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Abstract Objective: To describe low-income parents’ and caregivers’ perceptions of the Cooking Matters Mobile Application (CM App) meal planning and preparation features. Design: Explanatory mixed-methods design where data were gathered via online surveys based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Theory of Reasoned Action, followed by telephone interviews. Setting: CM App, a mobile phone-based resource geared towards low-income parents and caregivers of young children (pregnancy/infant to age 5 years) for meal planning and preparation, with features based on skills taught in the Cooking Matters course: recipes, shopping list and meal planning. Participants: Low-income parents and caregivers (survey participants, n 461; interview participants, n 20) who had downloaded the CM App to their smartphone and agreed to participate in the current evaluation. Results: Attitudes and self-efficacy related to CM App’s subject matter and functions (meal planning; recipe use; creating and using a shopping list) were measured via surveys and interviews. Mean (sd) responses were positive towards ‘meal planning’ and ‘shopping and cooking’ (4·17 (0·63) and 3·49 (0·86) on a 5-point Likert scale, respectively). Interviewees described meal planning and preparation behaviours as intrinsic, based on habit, and influenced by family preference and food costs. Early adopters of the CM App may already be engaged in and/or are motivated to engage in the targeted health behaviours. Conclusions: Users may benefit most from incorporating into their routines new ways to prepare easy, cost-efficient, healthy meals at home that their families will enjoy.
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McCausland, Kristen L., Jane A. Allen, Jennifer C. Duke, Haijun Xiao, Eric T. Asche, Jeffrey C. Costantino, and Donna M. Vallone. "Piloting EX, a Social Marketing Campaign to Prompt Smoking Cessation." Social Marketing Quarterly 15, no. 1_suppl (March 2009): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000902989121.
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This article focuses on the development, implementation, and evaluation of a branded smoking cessation campaign piloted in four cities in the United States. The development of the EX brand and messaging strategies were based on existing public health literature and extensive formative research. Market segmentation was specifically employed to create messages that would resonate with a defined target audience, smokers who were thinking about quitting smoking. This approach led to the creation of a campaign with an empathetic and hopeful tone that was designed to change relevant beliefs about smoking and to increase smokers' self-efficacy in regard to quitting smoking. As part of a comprehensive evaluation, telephone surveys were conducted in three pilot cities to measure awareness of and receptivity to the EX brand. Awareness of EX varied across the three markets based on the media buy. Receptivity to the EX brand was high across the three samples comprised of three different racial/ethnic populations. High receptivity was also found among the target audience: smokers who were thinking about quitting smoking. Findings from this pilot campaign helped to inform the launch of a national smoking cessation campaign.
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Stevenson, Lauren, Sherry Ball, Leah M. Haverhals, David C. Aron, and Julie Lowery. "Evaluation of a national telemedicine initiative in the Veterans Health Administration: Factors associated with successful implementation." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 24, no. 3 (November 30, 2016): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x16677676.
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Background The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to evaluate implementation facilitators and barriers of Specialty Care Access Network-Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (SCAN-ECHO) within the Veterans Health Administration. SCAN-ECHO is a video teleconferencing-based programme where specialist teams train and mentor remotely-located primary care providers in providing routine speciality care for common chronic illnesses. The goal of SCAN-ECHO was to improve access to speciality care for Veterans. The aim of this study was to provide guidance and support for the implementation and spread of SCAN-ECHO. Methods Semi-structured telephone interviews with 55 key informants (primary care providers, specialists and support staff) were conducted post-implementation with nine sites and analysed using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research constructs. Data were analysed to distinguish sites based on level of implementation measured by the numbers of SCAN-ECHO sessions. Surveys with all SCAN-ECHO sites further explored implementation information. Results Analysis of the interviews revealed three of 14 Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research constructs that distinguished between low and high implementation sites: design quality and packaging; compatibility; and reflecting and evaluating. The survey data generally supported these findings, while also revealing a fourth distinguishing construct – leadership engagement. All sites expressed positive attitudes toward SCAN-ECHO, despite struggling with the complexity of programme implementation. Conclusions Recommendations based on the findings include: (a) expend more effort in developing and distributing educational materials; (b) restructure the delivery process to improve programme compatibility; (c) establish an audit and feedback mechanism for monitoring and improving the programme; (d) engage in more upfront planning to reduce complexity; and (e) obtain local leadership support for providing primary care providers with dedicated time for participation.
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Hasley, Peggy B., Deborah Simak, Elan Cohen, and Raquel Buranosky. "Training Residents to Work in a Patient-Centered Medical Home: What Are the Outcomes?" Journal of Graduate Medical Education 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-15-00281.1.
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ABSTRACT The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) provides a setting to enhance resident training in systems-based practice. Few studies have addressed the impact of PCMHs on resident knowledge and confidence.Background The goal of this study was to evaluate resident knowledge, confidence, behavior, and patient outcomes in a PCMH.Objective Our curriculum emphasized patient panel report card interpretation, a telephone medicine curriculum, and interdisciplinary team-based care of chronic medical conditions. We measured resident satisfaction, knowledge, and confidence. Patient outcomes included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood pressures. Prescores and postscores were compared using paired t tests for continuous measures and McNemar's test for binary measures.Methods A total of 154 residents were eligible for the curriculum. All residents participated in the curriculum, though not all residents completed the evaluation. Completion rates for paired pre-post knowledge and confidence surveys were 38% and 37%, respectively. Nearly 80% (69 of 87) of residents indicated that the curriculum was above average or outstanding. Our evaluation revealed very small immediate improvements in knowledge and confidence. No significant improvement in patients' HbA1cs or blood pressures occurred after the curriculum.Results Explicit training to work in a PCMH was feasible and resulted in high levels of resident satisfaction and immediate small improvements in knowledge and confidence.Conclusions
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NABORS, LAURA, MARSHAE OHMS, NATASHA BUCHANAN, KENNETH L. KIRSH, TIFFANY NASH, STEVEN D. PASSIK, JONI L. JOHNSON, JANET SNAPP, and GRETCHEN BROWN. "A pilot study of the impact of a grief camp for children." Palliative and Supportive Care 2, no. 4 (December 2004): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951504040532.
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Objective: Research indicates that children benefit from supportive interventions to help them cope with the loss of a loved one. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate children's perceptions of the effectiveness of a grief camp.Methods: Semistructured interviews were performed with 18 children who attended a weekend-long grief camp. Children also responded to follow-up interviews via telephone. Their parents also completed surveys before camp began and either after camp ended or at a follow-up evaluation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content coding to uncover key themes in the interviews.Results: Children reported that art activities helped them to express feelings about their grief and release feelings of sadness and worry related to the death. Parents and children felt that the camp was a positive experience and that the children benefited from being in groups with peers who had also lost family members.Significance of results: Evaluating the impact of grief camps, using practical methods such as the ones for this study, is important, as these camps are becoming more popular interventions. Children and parents may benefit from contact at specified follow-up periods after camp to determine if they would benefit from further therapy. Results also provide evidence of the success of this program, which supports the need for funding these types of interventions.
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Zwolinski, Laura R., Martha Stanbury, and Susan Manente. "Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Preparedness: Results From an Evaluation of Michigan's Potassium Iodide Distribution Program." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 3 (October 2012): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.41.
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ABSTRACTBackground: In 2009, the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) made potassium iodide (KI), a nonprescription radio-protective drug, available by mailing vouchers redeemable at local pharmacies for KI tablets, at no cost to residents living within 10 miles of Michigan's 3 nuclear power plants (NPPs). MDCH conducted an evaluation of this program to determine Michigan's KI coverage and to assess general emergency preparedness among residents living near the NPPs.Methods: KI coverage was estimated based on redeemed voucher counts and the 2010 Census. Telephone surveys were administered to a random sample (N = 153) of residents living near Michigan's NPPs to evaluate general emergency preparedness, reasons for voucher use or nonuse, and KI knowledge.Results: Only 5.3% of eligible residences redeemed KI vouchers. Most surveyed residents (76.5%) were aware of living near an NPP, yet 42.5% reported doing “nothing” to plan for an emergency. Almost half of surveyed voucher users did not know when to take KI or which body part KI protects. Among voucher nonusers, 48.0% were either unaware of the program or did not remember receiving a voucher.Conclusions: Additional efforts are needed to ensure that all residents are aware of the availability of KI and that recipients of the drug understand when and why it should be taken. Minimal emergency planning among residents living near Michigan's NPPs emphasizes the need for increased emergency preparedness and awareness. Findings are particularly salient given the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant emergency in Japan.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:263–269)
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Takeuchi, Hisataka, Ryosuke Ikeguchi, Mutsumi Watanabe, Tadashi Yasuda, and Shuichi Matsuda. "Postoperative Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction and Tingling Sensation after Replantation Surgery without Nerve Repair for Complete Digital Amputation." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery Open 02, no. 01 (January 2017): e19-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598249.
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Background When performing replantation surgery for complete fingertip amputation, we do not perform digital nerve repair. We hypothesized that this method would not decrease patient satisfaction. Methods Between July 2011 and August 2013, we performed replantation surgery for 21 complete digital amputations in 18 patients. Digital nerves were not repaired for fingertip amputations. For proximal to distal interphalangeal joint amputations (proximal amputation), however, we repaired as many digital nerves as possible. We followed 17 replanted fingers in 14 patients (fingertip, 9 fingers in 9 patients; proximal, 8 fingers in 5 patients) for > 1 year, performing retrospective evaluation of subjective outcomes via telephone surveys. Patient satisfaction and fingertip tactile sensation scores (FTSS) were rated on scales of 0 to 10; unpleasant sensations (paresthesia or dysesthesia) were also surveyed. Results Mean patient satisfaction was significantly greater in the fingertip-amputation group than in the proximal-amputation group (9.4 and 7.6, respectively), although mean FTSS did not show significant difference (6.0 and 3.6, respectively). Patients with proximal amputations had dysesthesia in three fingers, paresthesia in one finger, and no numbness in four fingers, whereas patients with fingertip amputations had dysesthesia in three fingers, paresthesia in four fingers, and no numbness in two fingers. Patients with fingertip amputation had significantly more unpleasant sensation than those with proximal amputations. Conclusion Although fingertip replantation without digital nerve repair causes postoperative tingling, it results in good patient satisfaction.