Dissertations / Theses: 'Teleology'

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Brennan, Carmel Therese, and mikewood. "Aristotle's teleology." Deakin University, 1993. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060630.110515.

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This thesis examines Aristotles dynamic, organic model of teleological explanation to see if it is a viable alternative to material reductionism. I argue that his teleology provides both a model for and an overview of the scientific enterprise. Aristotles theory of knowledge and perception is capable of exerting a unifying effect on the diversity of knowledge. The adoption of substance ontology gives a deeper understanding of any subject than a strictly cause-effect approach. His hylomorphism provides a clearer idea of the role of necessity in regular natural processes, and identifies the role of chance events as accidental anomalies. His actual-potential distinction is the key to understanding both Aristotles teleological approach and the complexity and diversity of living things. Aristotles teleology does not use only finality: all four conditions of change are incorporated as necessary and sufficient conditions for explanation and full understanding of change. Aristotles teleology, based on the human being as part of nature, is applicable at least in biological sciences to provide both a scientific methodology and a scientific method for the study of nature. It is particularly relevant to ecological studies, while his notion of the good could be an acceptable criterion for funding of sustainable development.

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Row, Sean M. "Teleology in Political Contexts: An Assessment of Monte Ransome Johnson’s “Aristotle on Teleology”." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1245252903.

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Row, Sean M. "Teleology in political contexts an assessment of Monte Ransome Johnson's "Aristotle on teleology" /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1245252903.

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Vaverka, Tomáš. "Příspěvek českého ekonomického myšlení k apriorismu v ekonomii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10966.

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Apriorism in Economic methodology is known especially as a specific method of Austrian economists whose basic definition established L.v.Mises in his Magnus Opus ¨Human Action¨ [1949]. It is less famous that Englis's Teleology and Mises's Praxeology are grounded on similar philospher principles. Political development after 1948 in Czech Republic has broken possible and deeper interaction between this economics schools. This work will follow this interrelationship. It will describe apriorism of Karel Englis and apriorism of his pupil Jan Loevenstein along with relation to Austrian apriorism, let us say Mises's Praxeology. It will be emphasized especially contributions and challenges witch Czech apriorism should contribute to apriorism in economics.

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Oki, Takashi. "Aristotle on teleology, chance, and necessity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f6e9f40-eb61-43a8-92d6-b3749820e738.

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In this doctoral thesis, I address questions concerning teleology, chance, and necessity in Aristotle's philosophy. These three concepts are closely related. Aristotle considers chance in relation to teleology, and contrasts his conception of teleology with his own and his predecessors' views of necessity. He explains accidental causation on the basis of the absurdity of necessitarianism. In Chapter I, I clarify Aristotle's definitions of chance events and chance in Physics B 4-6 on the basis of a detailed examination of 'coming to be accidentally' (196b23), 'for the sake of something' (196b21), 'might be done by thought or by nature' (196b22). I analyze accidental and non-accidental relations involved in the marketplace example. In Chapter II, I argue that Aristotle accepts that the regularly beneficial winter rainfall is for the sake of the crops in Physics B 8. I scrutinize Empedocles’ view as described by Aristotle and show that it is not a theory of natural selection. I seek to show that the rival view against which Aristotle argues is an amalgam of reductionism and eliminativism. In Chapter III, I analyze what Aristotle means by 'simple necessity' and 'necessity on a hypothesis' (199b34-35), and argue that, in Physics B 9, he only acknowledges hypothetical necessity. Scrutinizing the wall example and Aristotle’s reply to it, I clarify his view of the relation between teleological causation and material necessity. In Chapter IV, I clarify Aristotle's conception of accidental causes, while taking his presentation of the necessitarian argument in Metaphysics E 3 as a reductio ad absurdum. I criticize the view that Aristotle himself accepts necessitation in this chapter. In doing so, I argue that, although this point is not explicitly stated in Physics B, Aristotle thinks that what is accidental is not necessary prior to its occurrence.

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Sorensen, Anders Dahl. "Craftsmanship, teleology, and politics in Plato's 'Statesman'." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:990cdb12-accb-47dd-9801-75181bacd935.

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In this thesis I attempt to bring out some interesting implications of Plato’s political thought as it is presented in the Politicus. In particular, I will show how this dialogue provides a new picture of the relation between ruler and ruled; a picture that stresses the importance and responsibility of every citizen, not just of the statesman himself. This is achieved by an analysis of the notion of political craftsmanship envisaged by the main speaker of the dialogue, the Eleatic Stranger. However, before I turn to consider the Politicus itself, I provide a brief presentation of another Platonic craftsman, the demiurge of the Timaeus. As will be clear, the teleological structure, and the accompanying terminology, of his craftsmanship will mirror that of the true statesman and thus help us understand the latter’s political rule. My choice to focus on this aspect of the Politicus is motivated by the text itself. For the question of the kind of craftsmanship involved in political rule is picturesquely, yet effectively, brought to the fore by the myth in the early parts of the dialogue, which distinguishes between two rival conceptions and associates the statesman with one of them. I conclude by reflecting on the significance of my findings for Plato’s political thought as a whole.

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Vicentini, Max Rogerio. "O papel da causalidade final na cosmologia de Charles Sanders Peirce." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-04072012-153340/.

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Trata-se de uma proposta de investigação das ideias cosmológicas de Charles S. Peirce, particularmente das que dizem respeito à pertinência da inclusão de esquemas de explicação que façam uso da causalidade final como instância determinante do desenvolvimento dos fenômenos naturais. Anterior à avaliação desse tipo de explicação cabe uma investigação sobre as características mais relevantes de seu pensamento, que o próprio autor julgava construído arquitetonicamente. Com esse objetivo, centramos a análise no conceito de continuum, que pode ser visto como fundamental para o desenvolvimento da obra de Peirce. É o estudo do continuum que permitirá e conduzirá a investigação das categorias ontológicas peirceanas: acaso, existente e lei. A passagem do acaso à lei, isto é, a própria origem do cosmos, se dá por um processo evolutivo que tem na lei da mente seu principal motor. A lei da mente, por sua vez, atua de modo finalístico, tornando mais provável o desenvolvimento dos fenômenos em certas direções, restringindo, assim, o horizonte das possibilidades, sem, contudo, esgotá-lo.
This thesis is about the cosmological ideas of Charles S. Peirce, particularly those concerning the relevance of the inclusion of explanatory schemes that make use of final causality as an instance determinant of the development of natural phenomena. Before the evaluation of this type of explanation, it is important to perform an investigation into the most relevant features of his thought, which the author believed was architecturally built. With this aim, we focus on the concept of the continuum, which can be seen as fundamental to the development of the work of Peirce. It is the study of the continuum that will lead to investigation of Peirce\'s ontological categories: chance, existent and law. The passage of chance to law, that is, the very origin of the cosmos, is given by an evolutionary process in which the law of the mind is its main engine. The law of the mind, in turn, acts in a finalistic way, making more probable the development of phenomena in certain directions, thus restricting the horizon of possibilities, without, however, exhausting it.

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Allgayer, Heloisa. "A teoria da evolução entre a teleologia e a síntese contemporânea." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4918.

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A obra Origem das Espécies de Charles Darwin é um marco na ciência, tanto pela sua abordagem evolucionista da origem das espécies, quanto pela sua estratégia argumentativa em favor da hipótese de que a seleção natural seja seu principal mecanismo. Darwin chama sua obra de “um longo argumento”, e este argumento, ou seja, a obra, é estruturada tendo do princípio de seleção natural como seu principal eixo constante biológico na natureza que determina quais espécies serão preservadas e quais serão extintas, pela preservação das variações úteis a seus possuidores em face de suas “condições de vida” e extinção das que lhes sejam injuriosas. A síntese evolutiva consiste na união entre o viés naturalista o qual descende diretamente de pensamento de Darwin, e os geneticistas (empiristas) que reavivam Mendel para desenvolverem suas pesquisas em genética, essas duas áreas aparentemente distintas se conciliam e assim a síntese é desenvolvida. A síntese estendida é a teoria da evolução descrita previamente unindo-se a novas descobertas e o desenvolvimento de técnicas moleculares, que possibilitaram o descobrimento da estrutura do DNA e do projeto genoma. O objetivo geral dessa dissertação é argumentar em favor de uma modificação de uma teoria teleológica (em Darwin) para uma teoria não teleológica (Síntese estendida). Os objetivos específicos são analisar a teoria de Darwin desenvolvida na Origem, analisar a construção da síntese e finalmente analisar os componentes da síntese estendida. Para responder ao objetivo geral são descritas a teoria de Darwin, a síntese e a síntese estendida, e analisados de que forma podemos encontrar noções de cunho teleológico no que concerne a causalidade. Através dessa análise, pude perceber que a causalidade em Darwin é de cunho teleológico, mas está incluída em um tipo diferente de teleologia por sua causalidade não ser intencional. Na síntese estendida, devido ao avanço nas pesquisas, que a teoria da evolução perde essa noção teleológica no que concerne a causalidade.
The book Origin of Species Charles Darwin is a milestone in science, both for its evolutionary approach the origin of species, as for its argumentative strategy in favor of the hypothesis that natural selection is its main mechanism. Darwin called his book of "one long argument", and this argument, the work is structured with the principle of natural selection as its main axis constant biological in nature that determines which species will be preserved and which shall be extinct, the preservation variations useful to their owners in the face of their "living conditions" and extinction of injurious to them. The evolutionary synthesis consists of the union between the naturalistic bias that directly descended from thinking of Darwin, and geneticists (empiricist) that rekindle Mendel to develop their research in genetics, these two apparently distinct areas are reconciled and so the synthesis is developed. The extended synthesis is the theory of evolution previously described joining the new discoveries and the development of molecular techniques that enabled the discovery of the structure of DNA and the genome project. The overall objective of this dissertation is to argue in favor of a modification of a teleological theory (Darwin) to a non-teleological theory (extended synthesis). The specific objectives are to analyze Darwin's theory developed in the Origin, analyze the construction of the synthesis and finally analyze the components of the extended synthesis. To respond to the overall objective are described Darwin's theory, synthesis and extended synthesis, and analyzed how we can find teleological notions regarding causality. Through this analysis, I could see that causality in Darwin is teleological, but is included in a different kind of teleology for causality not be intentional. In the extended synthesis, due to advances in research, that the theory of evolution loses this teleological notion regarding causality.

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Zwez, Kimberly. "Hegel's Critique of Contingency in Kant's Principle of Teleology." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1194.

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This research is a historical-exegetical analysis of Hegel’s reformulation of Kant’s regulative principle of teleology into a constitutive principle. Kant ascribes teleology to the faculty of reflective judgment where it is employed as a guide to regulate inquiry, but does not constitute actual knowledge. Hegel argues that if Kant made teleology into a constitutive principle then it would be a much more comprehensive theory capable of overcoming contingency in natural science, and hence, bridging the gap between natural science and theology. In this paper I argue that Hegel’s defense of the transition from natural science to theology is ultimately unsuccessful because it is built upon on an instinct of reason, which is the instinctive feature of human rationality to transition beyond the contingency remaining in our empirical understanding of nature, to a theological understanding of nature, in which all aspects of nature are necessarily related.

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Lekas, P. "Marx on classical antiquity : Problems of teleology and history." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377224.

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Ward, Arthur S. "Against Natural Teleology and its Application in Ethical Theory." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361.

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12

Millett, Stephan. "Autopoiesis and immanent teleology: Toward an Aristotelian environmental ethic." Thesis, Millett, Stephan (1996) Autopoiesis and immanent teleology: Toward an Aristotelian environmental ethic. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50482/.

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Autopoiesis attempts to provide an operational definition of living systems regardless of the actual form a system takes. One of the key claims of autopoiesis is that a concept of teleology is not needed to explain what it is to be living. In this dissertation I contend that the theory of autopoiesis sets up an impoverished conception of teleology against which to argue and that, partly as a result, autopoiesis is not a fully-coherent concept. I show that the theory of autopoiesis in fact requires living things to have an immanent teleology and that there is consequently a significant convergence between a theory of autopoiesis thus amended, Aristotelian physics — especially as it concerns Aristotle’s concept of δύναμις (dunamis) — and Spinoza’s concept of conatus. I then take this convergence and show how it is relevant to an understanding of contemporary environmental ethics. After an exegesis of the concept of autopoiesis I demonstrate that the concept can be expressed in terms of Aristotle’s δύναμις; and that Spinoza’s concept of conatus owes a major debt to Aristotle in general and to the concept of δύναμις; in particular. Having established that autopoiesis and conatus can be expressed in terms of δύναμις, I examine some theories of environmental ethics in which the presence of autopoiesis or conatus, specifically, or immanent teleology, generally, are considered to be morally relevant properties and in which those things possessing these properties are morally-considerable. I then develop my own (Aristotelian) environmental ethic in which moral agents are faced with a moral imperative to take responsibility for all things which possess an immanent teleology.

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França, Lincoln Menezes de. "Hegel intérprete de Aristóteles : a questão teleológica na filosofia da história hegeliana." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9324.

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For G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831), the historical deployments demonstrate as a whole a progression in the recognition of the Self of the Spirit and the knowledge of freedom, which enables the philosophy of history to verify the effectiveness of reason in the world and the progressive achievement of the absolute ultimate End purpose. As Hegel considers that the conception of purpose is the main determination that arrives at us from the Aristotelian philosophy, the central objective of this thesis is to understand the role of the Aristotelian philosophy of the history of Hegel. The singularity of the Hegelian teleological conception is characterized by resorting to Aristotelian philosophy as a necessary moment for Hegel's reaction to Kantian and post-Kantian idealism, providing greater clarity about Hegel's understanding of the teleological question in history and its relation to its conception of the history of philosophy according to its own conceptual heritage. The analytical starting point of this thesis is the Phenomenology of the Spirit, a work in which Hegel develops the introduction to his philosophical system and also presents a peculiar teleological perspective, which is systematically exposed later in the texts of the Science of Logic and the Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences. These works of systematic character has a central importance for the understanding of the teleological question in the Lectures on the Philosophy of History, since they are deployments of their own philosophical system. In the Lectures on the History of Philosophy there is a more detailed exposition of Aristotelian philosophy and the teleological question. However, the philosophical problems faced by Hegel are specific to his time, which implies conceptual peculiarities concerning teleology in the Hegelian system and, consequently, in the Philosophy of History. In addition, Hegel has a very specific conception of the interpretation of the history of philosophy, linked to the systematic notion of the development of the Spirit. In this sense, by accepting a conceptual heritage in relation to Aristotelian teleology, Hegel searches one more internal coherence for his own systematic conception of the history of philosophy, in other words, one conception where there is a progression of the Spirit from which Aristotle and the other philosophers were part of it, rather than a philosophical fidelity or a strict conceptual affiliation to Aristotle.
Para G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), os desdobramentos históricos demonstram em seu conjunto uma progressão no reconhecimento de Si do Espírito, do saber da liberdade, o que possibilita à filosofia da história constatar a efetividade da razão no mundo e a progressiva consecução do fim último absoluto. Como Hegel considera que a concepção de finalidade é a principal determinação que nos chega da filosofia aristotélica, o objetivo central desta tese é compreender o papel da filosofia aristotélica para a concepção de teleologia na filosofia da história de Hegel. A singularidade da concepção teleológica hegeliana caracteriza-se por recorrer à filosofia aristotélica como momento necessário à reação de Hegel em relação ao idealismo kantiano e pós-kantiano, propiciando maior clareza a respeito da compreensão hegeliana acerca da questão teleológica na história e sua relação com sua concepção da história da filosofia no que diz respeito à suas próprias heranças conceituais. O ponto de partida analítico desta tese é a Fenomenologia do Espírito, obra na qual Hegel desenvolve a introdução ao seu sistema filosófico e já apresenta uma perspectiva teleológica peculiar, que é sistematicamente exposta posteriormente nos textos da Ciência da Lógica e da Enciclopédia das Ciências Filosóficas. Essas obras de caráter sistemático têm importância central para a compreensão da questão teleológica nas Lições sobre a Filosofia da História, já que essas são desdobramentos do seu próprio sistema filosófico. Nas Lições sobre a História da Filosofia há uma exposição mais detalhada da filosofia aristotélica e da questão teleológica. Contudo, os problemas filosóficos enfrentados por Hegel são específicos de seu tempo, o que implica tratar de peculiaridades conceituais concernentes à teleologia no sistema hegeliano e, consequentemente, na Filosofia da História. Além disso, Hegel tem uma concepção muito própria de interpretação da história da filosofia, vinculada à noção sistemática de desenvolvimento do Espírito. Nesse sentido, ao admitir uma herança conceitual em relação à teleologia aristotélica, Hegel busca mais uma coerência interna à própria concepção sistemática de história da filosofia, ou seja, a de que há uma progressão do Espírito da qual Aristóteles e os demais filósofos foram parte, do que propriamente uma fidelidade filosófica ou uma filiação conceitual estrita a Aristóteles.

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Spezzapria, Mario. "A linha metafísica do belo: estética e antropologia em K. P. Moritz." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-05102017-184315/.

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Neste trabalho proponho identificar no pensamento de Karl Philipp Moritz (1756- 1793) uma posição filosófica homogênea e coerente, cujas estruturas teóricas se encontram exemplificadas paradigmaticamente na teoria estética, a qual pelo menos em parte é também seu lugar seminal. A estética moritziana se apresenta a um só tempo como uma ampla reflexão sobre a totalidade e como uma teoria do valor intrínseco de qualquer individualidade, temas que nosso autor transfere para a reflexão sobre o homem. No fundo do seu pensamento estético e antropológico se encontra a questão: como pode um \"objeto\" (que seja uma obra de arte, o caráter ou o gosto de um povo ou de um indivíduo singular) ser pensado no seu valor autônomo? Uma questão que pressupõe a experiência de um fracasso, uma falta de sentido e, concomitantemente, o esforço constante por parte do homem de reproduzir este valor \"objetivo\" (uma tenção para o ideal da totalidade acabada), ao passo que a vida humana permanece essencialmente dominada pela limitação, destruição, dor e falimento. Aprendendo a ocupar-se de uma totalidade completa e acabada (o objeto artístico), a estética se torna o paradigma para a compreensão de outros domínios (humanidade, natureza, história) e um instrumento para a apreciação da vida como uma \"obra de arte\".
In this work I propose to find out in the thought of Karl Philipp Moritz (1756- 1793) a homogeneous and coherent philosophical position, whose theoretical structures are paradigmatically exemplified in his aesthetical theory, which at least in part constitutes their seminal place. In short, Moritz\'s aesthetics presents itself both as an ample reflexion on totality, and as a theory of the intrinsic value of any individuality, themes that he transposed to the reflexion on man. At the heart of his aesthetical and anthropological thought lies the question: how an \"object\" (a work of art, or the character or taste of a people, or of a singular individual) can be thought in its autonomous value? Question that presupposes the experience of a lack, a lost of sense, and at the same time the man\'s constant effort to reproduce this \"objective\" value (a tension for the ideal of a whole completed totality), while human life remains essentially dominated by limitation, destruction, grief and failure. By learning to deal with a whole and complete totality (the artistic object), aesthetics becomes a paradigm for the comprehension of further domains (humanity, nature, history), and an instrument of appreciation of life as a \"work of art\".

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Nadai, Bruno. "\"Teleologia e história em Kant: a Idéia de uma história universal de um ponto de vista cosmopolita\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-01112007-152730/.

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Esta dissertação pretende abordar o artigo Idéia de uma história universal de um ponto de vista cosmopolita a partir de sua inserção no interior do sistema da filosofia kantiana. Tentaremos mostrar que a Idéia de uma história universal pode ser interpretada à luz do sistema da filosofia crítica. No \"Apêndice à dialética transcendental\" da Crítica da razão pura, o princípio racional da unidade sistemática dos conhecimentos do entendimento abre a perspectiva de ordenação da natureza de acordo com leis teleológicas. Segundo entendemos, é de acordo com esta representação teleológica da natureza que a Idéia de uma história universal de um ponto de vista cosmopolita é redigida. Adotando como fio condutor o direito cosmopolita, Kant expõe o conjunto das ações humanas como um progresso contínuo da humanidade em direção à realização de todas as suas disposições naturais racionais, como se a espécie seguisse a um propósito da natureza.
This dissertation intends to examine the article Idea for an universal history with a cosmopolitan purpose considering its insertion into Kant´s philosophical system. The claim is to show that this article can be interpreted according to the system of critical philosophy In the Transcendental Dialectic of Pure Reason´s Appendix, the rational principle of systematic unity of cognitions of the understanding allows the organization of nature by teleological laws. We think that the Idea for an universal history with a cosmopolitan purpose was written according to this teleological representation of nature. Adopting cosmopolitan right as a guide principle, Kant establishes the human actions as a continuous progress of humanity towards the realization of all rational natural dispositions, as if the species followed a principle of nature.

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Koderová, Jana. "Englišova teorie a její odraz v meziválečné národohospodářské praxi." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17592.

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This diploma thesis deals with questions, to what degree Englis' theories influenced Czechoslovak economic policy. Describes his disputations with others notable economists. Moreover, it investigates influence of his decisions on Czechoslovak economy.

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Santos, Maria Célia dos. "O pensamento teleológico de Immanuel Kant." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/26327.

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SANTOS, Maria Célia dos. O pensamento teleológico de Immanuel Kant. 2008. 92f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2008.
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This research has as its objective present the concept of Theology by Immanuel Kant, having as a base “The Critic of the thinking faculty”, emphasizing, most of all, the idea of Nature finality. In this matter, we will try to show, according to Kant, the necessity to think something in conformity to the judgment be possible; it will describe the consonant between the reason and the world. Nevertheless, accentuating the conformity purpose, it is not a necessary start of nature, but a simple regulation to the judgment phenomena; a source to submit these phenomena to rules where there is casualty law, by its own mechanism, do not attain. Kant by the specifics constitution of our knowledge faculty, we can’t judge in another way the possibility of organized beings and its respective production, in the measure of our thinking to their intentional cause. We did not get to know sufficiently the organized beings guided by simple mechanics nature foundations and less, explain it from the law or nature for any organized intention.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de Teleologia no pensamento de Immanuel Kant, tomando como base a Crítica da Faculdade do Juízo, tendo em vista salientar, sobretudo, a idéia de finalidade na Natureza. Assim sendo, tentaremos mostrar, de acordo com Kant, a necessidade de se pensar alguma forma de conformidade a fins para que qualquer juízo possa ser possível; ela vai descrever uma sintonia entre juízo e mundo. Porém, salientando que a conformidade a fins objetiva não é nenhum princípio necessário da natureza, mas regulativo para o simples ajuizamento dos fenômenos; um princípio a mais para submeter esses fenômenos a regras onde as leis da causalidade, segundo o mecanismo da mesma, não alcançam. Para Kant, segundo a constituição específica das nossas faculdades de conhecimento, não podemos julgar de outro modo a possibilidade dos seres organizados e a sua respectiva produção, senão na medida em que pensamos para eles uma causa que aja intencionalmente. Não chegamos a conhecer suficientemente os seres organizados guiados por princípios da natureza simplesmente mecânicos e, ainda menos, explicá-los, a partir de leis da natureza, a qual nenhuma intenção organizou.

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Jones, Justin T. "Unmaking Progress: Individual and Social Teleology in Victorian Children's Fiction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67995/.

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This study contrasts four distinct discursive responses to (or even accidental remarks on) the Victorian concept of individual and/or social improvement, or progress, set forth by the preeminent social critics, writers, scientists, and historians of the nineteenth century, such as Thomas Carlyle, John Stuart Mill, Thomas Macaulay Matthew Arnold, Charles Darwin, and Herbert Spencer. This teleological ideal, perhaps the most prevalent ideology of the long nineteenth century, originates with the Protestant Christian ethic during and in the years following the Reformation, whereupon it combines with the Enlightenment notions of rational humanity's boundless potential and Romanticism's fierce individualism to create the Victorian doctrine of progress. My contention remains throughout that four nineteenth-century writers for children and adults subvert the doctrine of individual progress (which contributes to the progress of the race) by chipping away at its metaphysical and narratalogical roots. George MacDonald allows progress only on the condition of total selflessness, including the complete dissolution of one's free will, but defers the hallmarks of making progress indefinitely, due to his apocalyptic Christian vision. Lewis Carroll ridicules the notion of progress by playing with our conceptions of linear time and simple causality, implying as he writes that perhaps there is nothing to progress toward, no actual telos on which to fix our sights. Oscar Wilde characterizes moral development as nothing short of self-inflicted cruelty, consigning his most scrupulously moral-minded characters to social subversion or untimely death (the dark reflection of MacDonald's compulsory selflessness). And finally, Rudyard Kipling toys with historical substitutes for conventional progress, such as repetitive cycles, deviating from historical unidirectionality and linear development. He often realigns his characters with their intractable fates at the conclusions of his narratives, echoing Carroll's suggestion that perhaps our goals are delusional. I conclude that while each individual author fails to holistically undermine the doctrine of progress, taken collectively, these four fantasists represent a heretofore unexamined repudiation of the Victorian era's most enduring metaphysical conceits.

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Lima, Giorlando Madureira de. "Propósito e natureza em Aristóteles." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281937.

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Orientador: Fátima Regina Rodriguez Évora
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A relação entre propósito (hou heneka) e natureza (physis) não é um tema pacífico, conforme pode-se demonstrar a partir de Física, II, 8, 199b32. Na referida passagem, Aristóteles declara que "natureza é uma causa, uma causa que opera por um propósito", essa declaração é a conclusão de um argumento por analogia acerca da necessidade que uma causa tem de um propósito. A analogia se dá entre um artesão que precisa ter algum propósito antes de começar a trabalhar sobre uma madeira e a natureza que, analogamente, também teria um propósito antes de começar a mover os seres. Esta imagem de Aristotélica tem como consequência uma questão que acompanha a tradição de comentários, qual seja, "possui a natureza um deliberador?". A presente dissertação investiga cada uma das três possibilidades de resposta para essa pergunta: (i) existe e é distinto da natureza, (ii) existe e não é distinto da natureza e (iii) não existe. Com o intento de ao fim dessas investigações, encontrar uma conclusão sobre o que pode efetivamente ser dito sobre a questão. Alcança essa meta através da análise da estrutura do texto de Física II, 8
Abstract: The relationship between purpose (hou heneka) and nature (physis) is an issue in dispute, as can be demonstrated from Physics, II, 8, 199b32. In that passage, Aristotle declares that "nature is a cause, a cause that operates for a purpose," this statement is the conclusion of an argument by analogy about the necessity that a cause has of a purpose. The analogy is between a craftsman who must have some purpose before starting work on a wood and nature that, similarly, would need to have a purpose before start moving beings. This Aristotelic image produces a question that accompanies the tradition of commentary, which is, "nature has a deliberator?". This dissertation investigates each of the three possible answers to that question: (i) exists and is distinct from nature, (ii) exists and is not separate from nature and (iii) does not exist. With the intent of, at the end of these investigations, find a conclusion about what can actually be said about the question. It achieves this goal by analyzing the structure of the text of Physics II, 8
Mestrado
Historia da Filosofia
Mestre em Filosofia

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20

Shaw, Michael Marx. "Oregesthai and natural teleology : the role of desire in Aristotle's ontology /." Click here for download, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/villanova/fullcit?p3207390.

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21

Lametti, David T. "The deon-telos of private property : ethical aspects of the theory and practice of private property." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286647.

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Wucherpfennig, Lars F. "Kant's theory of the highest good." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284613.

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MendonÃ§a, Maria Magdalena Cunha de. "Dialetica e contingencia no ceticismo em David Hume." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280583.

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Orientador: Luiz Roberto Monzani
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho investiga a relevÃ¢ncia da crÃtica humeana ao pensamento teleolÃ³gico, a partir da anÃ¡lise crÃtica do argumento do desÃgnio exposta no texto dos DiÃ¡logos da ReligiÃ£o Natural e sua articulaÃ§Ã£o com o projeto filosÃ³fico do autor. Objetiva-se mostrar que a reflexÃ£o de Hume a respeito da religiÃ£o natural, nÃ£o se reduz a uma espÃ©cie de querela entre teÃsmo e ateÃsmo, deixando claro o entrelaÃ§amento existente entre a recusa do raciocÃnio finalista e a crÃtica ao determinismo teolÃ³gico e cientÃfico, a fim de deixar evidente o distanciamento do filÃ³sofo escocÃªs da metafÃsica, sobretudo, das filosofias das ciÃªncias e epistemologia. No texto dos DiÃ¡logos da ReligiÃ£o investiga-se tambÃ©m a estrutura argumentativa filosÃ³fica do autor no intuito de precisar o sentido dialÃ©tico e referencial cÃ©tico presentes na sua compreensÃ£o e uso singular do estilo dos diÃ¡logos e sua ruptura com o discurso filosÃ³fico da tradiÃ§Ã£o, precisamente platÃ'nico-aristotÃ©lica. Em um segundo momento deste trabalho, precisamente no terceiro capÃtulo, a motivaÃ§Ã£o maior consiste em reafirmar o tom radical da crÃtica humeana ao argumento do desÃgnio em que se investiga a articulaÃ§Ã£o entre os textos dos DiÃ¡logos da ReligiÃ£o natural e o da HistÃ³ria da ReligiÃ£o natural, procurando tornar clara a manutenÃ§Ã£o do padrÃ£o da contrariedade dialÃ©tica no contraponto que Hume apresenta entre politeÃsmo e teÃsmo, bem como, a compatibilidade entre a postura de Hume na obra da HistÃ³ria da ReligiÃ£o natural e a do expositor do ceticismo e crÃtico maior do argumento teolÃ³gico no texto dos DiÃ¡logos, a saber, Philo. AlÃ©m disso, ainda nesta parte do trabalho, busca-se localizar no conceito de contingÃªncias a expressÃ£o da crÃtica de Hume ao raciocÃnio teleolÃ³gico da filosofia experimental da sua Ã©poca, que pretende apoiar-se no postulado da anÃ¡lise observacional objetiva, da necessidade fÃsica da esfera natural e do agir humano. No quarto capÃtulo o intuito Ã© o de analisar o duplo papel que desempenha o conceito de circunstancia no pensamento de Hume: elemento fundamental da sua visÃ£o de um cosmo antifinalista e linha mestra da sua ruptura com o pensamento teleolÃ³gico presente nas reflexÃµes tradicionais e moderna sobre os problemas morais. Detendo-se na anÃ¡lise da noÃ§Ã£o de valor , particularmente nas reflexÃµes sobre o problema filosÃ³fico da felicidade, busca-se tornar clara a recusa de Hume Ã visÃ£o teleolÃ³gica religiosa e cientÃfica em suas pretensÃµes de padronizaÃ§Ã£o dos comportamentos humanos, ou â?¿formas de vidaâ??, enfim, da singularidade e diversidade das mÃºltiplas formas de pensar, crer e viver de cada homem
Abstract: This work examines the relevance of the humean critique regarding the critical analysis of the argument of design ( purpose) exposed in the text of the Dialogues of Natural Religion and its articulation with the authorÂ's philosophical project. The object is to demonstrate that HumeÂ's reflection in regards to the natural religion does not confine itself to a kind of quarrel between theism and atheism, making clear the present intertwining between the refusal of the finalist reasoning and the critique to the theological and scientific determinism, in order to prove this scotch philosopherÂ's detachment from methaphysics, especially, from the philosophies of the sciences and the epistemology. The text of Dialogues of the Religion examines also the argumentative philosophical structure of the author with the purpose of determining the dialectic meaning and skeptical referential present in his comprehension and his singular utilization of style of dialogues and its rupture with the philosophical discourse of tradition, precisely platonic-aristotelian. In a second moment of this work, precisely on the third chapter, the major motivation consists of reaffirming the radical tone of the humean critique of the design in which it examines the articulation between the texts of the Dialogues of Natural Religion and of the Natural Religion History, endeavoring to make clear the maintenance of the pattern of dialectic contrariness in the counterpoint that Hume presents between polytheism and theism, as well as, the compatibility between HumeÂ's posture in the work History of Natural Religion and that of the exposer of skepticism and principal critic of the theological argument in the text of the Dialogues, that is, Philo. Besides, still in this part of the work, one endeavors to locate in the concept of the contingences the critical expression of Hume to the teleological reasoning of the experimental philosophy of his period , which intents to base itself in the postulate of the objective observational analysis, the physical necessity of the natural sphere, and of human acting. In the fourth chapter the intention is to analyse the double role played by the concept of contingence in HumeÂ's thinking . : fundamental element of his vision of an antifinalist cosmos and main support of his rupture with the current teleological thought in the traditional and modern reflections regarding the moral problems. Lingering on the analysis of the notion of value, particularly in the reflections about the philosophical problem of happiness, it intends to make clear the refusal of Hume to the religious and scientific teleological visions in their pretensions of standardizing the human behaviors, or Â¨forms of lifeÂ¨ in which it becomes evident, once again, the dialectical tone of his sceptical philosophy. Accompanying the dialectic argumentative structure present in the humean texts it endeavors to stress the difficulties that HumeÂ's dialectic-sceptic argumentative structure presents to natural religion and science in their normative and moralizing pretensions regarding the acting of individuals starting from the none in the least fortuitous abstraction of the singularity and diversity of the multiple forms of thinking , believing and living of every human being
Doutorado
Filosofia Moderna
Doutor em Filosofia

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24

Ribas, Alexandre Domingues 1977. "Cosmologia e geografia física em Immanuel Kant." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287342.

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Orientador: Antonio Carlos Vitte
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), em seus quase quarenta e um anos de docência, ministrou (quer em preleções particulares, quer em conferências públicas) cursos devotados aos campos do conhecimento os mais variados: lógica, metafísica, ética, antropologia, física teórica, matemáticas, direito, enciclopédia das ciências filosóficas, pedagogia, mecânica, mineralogia, teologia etc. E, em meio a disciplinas versadas tão multíplices, que incluíam tópicos filosóficos e não-filosóficos, Kant lecionou, por quarenta e nove vezes, entre 1756 e 1796, um curso de geografia física. No tempo de Kant, por imposição do governo prussiano, para se lecionar um curso todo professor devia, imprescindivelmente, proceder de conformidade a um manual oficialmente reconhecido. Nenhum docente, portanto, tinha consentimento expresso para instruir um tratado sobre determinado tópico de ensino em seu próprio nome. Entretanto, não havia, em rigor, nenhum manual de referência que Kant pudesse valer-se em suas palestras de geografia física; e, por isso, ele decidiu redigir o Curso de Geografia Física. A exceção da Geografia Física, inclusive, fez-se o objeto de um decreto de von Zedlitz de 16 de outubro de 1778, mediante o qual Kant era autorizado a ensinar esta disciplina secundum dictata sua, exponendo dictata sua ou, ainda, ad propria dictata. Esses registros compilados por Kant no Curso de Geografia Física conservaram-se, por décadas, sem qualquer sistematização metódica. Kant não aquiescia editar, ele mesmo, este acervo de notas, pois que aprontar uma obra a partir dos originais utilizados em seu curso, afigurava-se, a ele, no findar de sua vida, uma execução praticamente infactível. Foi que, mais ou menos em 1800, Friedrich Theodor Rink (1770-1811) e Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1762- 1842) - encarregados, pelo professor-filósofo, de revisar e reorganizar seus papéis, cujo volume tinha sensivelmente aumentado - se toparam, quando deste trabalho e contra as expectativas do próprio Kant, com quase três cadernos de geografia física, redigidos em diferentes épocas. Kant, diante deste inesperado acontecimento, adjudicou encargo a Rink, um antigo e prezado aluno seu, para que este efetuasse o empreendimento editorial destes extratos no formato de livro, o que sucedeu em 1802. Dessa maneira, é, pois, a edição de Rink que é hoje conhecida como a Physische Geographie, depois incorporada nos Akademie Ausgabe of Kants gesammelte Schriften. Essa Tese, pois, trata, justamente, da Physische Geographie e de seu lugar na cosmologia kantiana. A relação entre Razão e Natureza consiste, decerto, em uma das problemáticas que acompanham, perenemente, o desenvolvimento (gradativo, complexo e marcado por continuidades e descontinuidades) do projeto crítico de Kant. De sua tentativa pré-crítica em combinar a física newtoniana com a metafísica leibniziana, passando pelo modelo determinante de inteligibilidade apregoado na Crítica da Razão Pura e chegando ao juízo reflexionante da terceira Crítica (com sua idéia de finalidade, de estética, de teleologia e de organismo), há, indubitavelmente, uma persistência e uma profunda reinvenção da cosmologia em Kant. E a geografia física, este é o fundamento desta Tese, não se desassocia deste seu anseio em erigir um Cosmos; e mais, ela compõe e dá fechamento a este último
Abstract: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), in his almost forty one years of teaching, taught (both private lectures, and public conferences) courses dedicated to the most diverse fields: logic, metaphysic, ethic, anthropology, theoretical physic, mathematic, law, encyclopedic of philosophic sciences, pedagogy, mechanic, mineralogy, theology, etc. Among so many multiple disciplines that included philosophic and non-philosophic topics, Kant has taught for forty nine times a physic geography course between 1756 and 1796. In Kant's time by the Prussian governor imposition, for teaching a course every professor should, ultimately proceed in conformity to a manual officially renown by the authorities. No teacher, therefore had the clear permission to express a treat about determined teaching topic on his own name. However, there wasn't any reference manual that Kant could use on his lectures of Physic Geography; that's why, he has decided to write the Physic Geography Course. Except for the Physic Geography, he even has accomplished the object of Von Zedlitz decree of October 16th 1778, which Kant was authorized to teach this subject secundum dictata sua, exponendo dictata sua or even ad propria dictata. These registers compile by Kant in The Physic Geography Course have been preserved for decades, with no methodic systematization. Kant didn't accept to edit this records acquis himself, because to accomplish a writing from the original used in his course, was for him in the end of his life something unfeasible. It was about 1800, that Friedrich Theodor Rink (1770-1811) and Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1762-1842) - charged, by the professor-philosopher, to review and reorganize its records, which amount had increased significantly - they met each other, when this work and against Kant's expectations, with almost three notebooks of Physic Geography, written in different times. Kant, before this unexpected event, he adjudicated the position to Rink one of his old and dear students, so that he could accomplish the editorial task of those extracts in a book shape, what has been done in 1802. In this way, it is the Rink edition that is nowadays known as the Physische Geographie, later included in the Akademie Ausgabe of Kants gesammelte Schriften. This thesis, is about the Physische Geographie and its place in the Kantian cosmology. The relation between Reason and Nature consist so, in one of the problematic that follow perennially the development (gradual, complex and marked by continuities and discontinuities) by Kant's critic project. From his pre critique attempt to combine the Newtonian physic with the leibnizian metaphysic, going through the determining model of ineligibility proclaimed in the Critique of Pure Reason and reaching the reflecting judgment of the Third Critique (with his idea of purpose, esthetic, teleology and organism), there is, undoubtedly, a persistence of this Thesis, it doesn't disassociate from his wish in rearing a Cosmos; furthermore, it composes and gives closure to the last one
Doutorado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Doutor em Geografia

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Souza, Sergio Izidoro de. "Organismo como finalidade segundo Kant." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-08112018-092009/.

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Na teoria da experiência da terceira Crítica, Kant estabelece a articulação das três faculdades de conhecimento. A possibilidade das coisas em geral, segundo o modelo da analítica do entendimento, está ainda sendo pensada pelas categorias, contudo, em conformidade com as leis do entendimento, estas mesmas coisas dotadas de formas particulares estão sendo pensadas pela legalidade da faculdade de julgar, e ao cabo a razão pensa a possibilidade da totalidade dessas formas arranjadas em ordem em vista de um sistema, segundo a dialética da razão. A partir dessa articulação entre as faculdades mentais em função da experiência, buscou-se determinar os conceitos que possibilitam pensar o organismo mostrando que o organismo é finalidade interna produzida por epigênese e pré-formação. Para pensar a possibilidade de articulação dessas duas teorias embriológicas da história da filosofia, Kant mobilizou conceitos do entendimento, da faculdade de julgar e da razão. A terceira Crítica operou uma série de deslocamentos e articulações conceituais para pensar o organismo. A contingência que era pensada pela razão é deslocada para a faculdade de julgar em sua legalidade do contingente. A terceira Crítica ainda deslocou a produção do organismo da intenção divina para a espontaneidade natural tendo o princípio da finalidade interna como fundamento mental. Na medida do possível buscamos introduzir a lógica transcendental na representação do organismo, e por esse caminho revelamos que entre os seus conceitos estão a liberdade, a técnica, o sistema e a comunidade, sob os quais Kant articulou as opostas teorias da pré-formação e da epigênese.
In the theory of experience of the third Critique, Kant establishes the articulation of the three faculties of knowledge. The possibility of things in general, according to the model of the analytic of the understanding, is still being thought by the categories, but in conformity with the laws of the understanding these same things endowed with particular forms are being thought by the lawfulness of the faculty of judgement, and finally reason thinks the possibility of the totality of these forms arranged in the order of a system, according to the dialectic of reason. From this articulation between the mental faculties for the experience, we tried to determine the concepts that make it possible to think the organism by showing that the organism is an internal purposiveness produced by epigenesis and pre-formation. In order to think about the possibility of articulating these two embryological theories of the history of philosophy, Kant mobilized concepts of the understanding, the faculty of judgement and reason. The third Critique operated a series of dislocations and conceptual articulations to think the organism. The contingency that was thought by reason is shifted to the faculty of judgement in its lawfulness of the contingent. The third Critique still shifted the organisms production from divine intention to natural spontaneity by having the principle of internal purposiveness as a mental foundation. As far as possible we seek to introduce transcendental logic into the representation of the organism, and through this path we reveal that among its concepts are freedom, technique, system and community, under which Kant articulated the opposing theories of pre-formation and of epigenesis.

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Carvalho, Zilmara de Jesus Viana de. "Teleologia e moral na Ideia de uma história universal de um ponto de vista cosmopolita." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-12032014-124100/.

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A presente tese de doutorado trata da inserção teórica do texto Ideia de uma história universal de um ponto de vista cosmopolita no sistema crítico kantiano. Argumenta-se, para tanto: 1º) que na Crítica da razão pura, encontram-se os pressupostos que legitimam essa inserção através da reproposição da teleologia, especialmente presente no Apêndice à Dialética transcendental. Isto, por sua vez, conforme articulação pretendida é o que possibilitará pensar um fio condutor a priori, representado por um plano da natureza, para compreender o sentido da história do mundo na Ideia; 2º) que há uma congruência desse texto com obras que lhe são contemporâneas, como a Fundamentação da metafísica dos costumes, o que permite entender as singularidades de uma história filosófica e, dessa forma, seu propósito, fundamentalmente, moral. Para corroborar ainda mais essa argumentação, dentre outras coisas, analisar-se-á o conceito de plano da natureza, explicitando os dois níveis semânticos distintos, que ele comporta, a saber, o heurístico e o moral (plano da natureza pensado como Providência). Assim, a investigação objetiva expor, basicamente, que há um interesse teórico na Ideia de uma história universal, embora a obra não se restrinja a ele, havendo, igualmente, um interesse prático; que o teórico e o prático, embora sejam interesses distintos, não são independentes e que há uma primazia do prático sobre o teórico.
This doctoral thesis deals with the theoretical insertion of the text The Idea of a universal history from a cosmopolitan point of view on Kantian critical system. It is argued, in such way: 1) that in the Critique of Pure Reason, there are the assumptions that legitimize this insertion through the reproposition of teleology, especially present in the Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic. This, in turn, as the intended articulation is what will make it possible to think of a thread a priori, represented by a plane of nature, to understand the sense of the history of the world on the Idea; 2) that there is a congruence of this text with its contemporary works, such as the Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, which allows to understand the singularities of a philosophical history and, thus, its purpose, above all, moral. In support of this argument, among other things, it will be analyzed the concept of nature\'s plan, elaborating the two distinguished semantic levels, that it includes, namely, the heuristic and morale (plan of nature thought of as Providence). Thus, the research objectives expose, basically, that there is a theoretical interest in the Idea of a universal history, although the work is not confined to it, as well, there is also a practical interest; the theoretical and the practical, although they are distinct interests, are not independent and that there is a primacy of practical over the theoretical.

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Soares, Vinicius de Castro. "Teleologia e vontade em Schopenhauer." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-16012015-160314/.

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A presente Dissertação analisa o problema da teleologia na obra de Schopenhauer. Em nosso trabalho, buscamos compreensão sobre a modulação existente do \"como se\" kantiano, ao mostrar como o jogo entre vontade e representação modifica o sentido do juízo teleológico da Crítica do Juízo. Nessa chave de leitura, procuramos construir uma argumentação que permita pensar a existência de um horizonte regulativo aliado à intuição primordial da vontade. Como consequência, encontramos, nessa modulação, uma expansão do problema do organismo para uma questão sobre a essência da natureza. Como resultado, o deslocamento da teoria do juízo de reflexão kantiana transforma essa leitura sobre o mundo natural em uma questão da teleologia na metafísica da vontade, transformando o problema da finalidade na natureza em problema a respeito da finalidade no campo da ética. É nela que se apresenta o paradoxo da individualidade, na crise entre a afirmação do indivíduo e a destinação do mundo
This dissertation examines the problem of teleology in Schopenhauer\'s work. In our work, we seek an understanding of the existing modulation of the Kantian\'s \"as if\", to show how the interplay between will and Representation modifies the sense of teleological judgment of the Critique of Judgment. In this reading key, we seek to set up an argument to suggest the existence of a regulative horizon coupled with the primordial intuition of will. As a consequence, we find, in this modulation, an expansion of the problem of organism onto a question about the essence of nature. As a result, the displacement of the Kantian\'s theory of judgment reflection transforms this reading about the natural world in a question of teleology in the metaphysics of will, and transforming the problem of purpose in nature in issue as to the purpose in the field of ethics. Is it that presents the paradox of individuality: the crisis between the assertion of the individual and the destination of the world

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MacFaul, Tom. "'Yet the end is not' : continuation and teleology in Spenser's Faerie Queene." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286839.

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Thomforde, James Henry. "Defending happiness : Jonathan Edwards's enduring pursuit of a reformed teleology of happiness." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31358.

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This thesis examines the doctrine of happiness within the Jonathan Edwards corpus and seeks to understand its function and significance as it relates to Edwards's broader theological project. A close examination of both the internal development and the Early Modern intellectual context of Edwards's thought reveals that spiritual happiness is of central importance to Edwards's 'end of creation' project. Scholars commonly assume that the burden of Edwards's teleological writings is a theocentric defense and promotion of the glory of God in the face of an increasingly anthropocentric Enlightenment. However, this study demonstrates that, notwithstanding Edwards's adherence to the Reformed tradition's high view of God's glory, the early and enduring concern of Edwards's teleological project is the proof and defense of spiritual happiness as ultimate telos from a Reformed perspective. Edwards's purpose to defend the teleological status of happiness is primarily exposed by the development of Edwards's teleology in his Miscellanies notebook and related theological treatises such as Discourse on the Trinity and End of Creation, especially as Edwards engages rival teleological visions that tend to subordinate happiness. While Edwards's teleological conviction regarding happiness is inspired by his own Puritan and Reformed heritage and his early profound religious experience, he subsequently pursues the proof and defense of his Reformed teleology of happiness in response to the increasing tendency of Reformed and non-Calvinist Enlightenment thinkers to subordinate the teleological status of happiness. During the Early Modern period, Reformed theologians frequently subordinate happiness relative to godliness, and especially the glory of God, and Enlightenment thinkers increasingly make practical virtue and usefulness toward the common good the ultimate telos of human existence at the expense of spiritual happiness, which intellectual trends Edwards engages for the sake of defending his Reformed teleology of happiness. The first stage of the development of Edwards's teleology of happiness is marked by his conversion and subsequent profound experiences of spiritual happiness, and by his efforts that follow during the early 1720s to prove happiness as ultimate telos, primarily on the basis of Edwards's doctrine of divine goodness. During the second stage of development, Edwards works to defend happiness as ultimate telos from a comprehensively biblical and Reformed perspective. Edwards spends the rest of his career developing his doctrines of God and the Trinity, the work of redemption, and the glory of God primarily for the sake of defending his Reformed teleology of happiness, which I suggest, significantly influences and shapes Edwards's theology.

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Stout, Rowland. "The teleological explanation of action." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0f9add24-82bb-4777-b2c4-669262f2015b.

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A different analytical approach to that of the standard causal theory to the explanation of action is proposed. It is argued that the most basic kind of explanation of action is teleological explanation in terms of external reasons. what this amounts to is that an action is the result of a causal process which adapts its results to whatever is objectively practically rational. Explanation in terms of psychological states depends on being able to make this externalist sort of explanation. Central to this account is a theory of causal explanation which depends on the notion of a causal process. A causal process is a real entity distinct from an event. A phenomenon is causally explained when a description of the phenomenon is determined by a theoretical structure which represents how a process which results in the phenomenon works. In teleological explanation, the theoretical structure is that of practical rationality. It is argued that this must be regarded as objective practical rationality. Only purposeful activity can be explained in this way. An account of evolutionary function is provided to show why. it differs from this. This account of teleological explanation, because it does not involve internal mental states, may be used to show how we attribute such states. An agent is essentially a teleological machine. Accounts of perception, beliefs and intentions are provided based on this.

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Campbell, A. L. "The unity of reason in the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284585.

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Pereira, Davi Gadelha. "O conceito de religião em Kant e o problema teleológico do argumento moral." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8778.

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The title of the research suggests two specially moments, namely, first of all, that will be given focus to a overview of what comes to be the concept of religion in Kant, in order to, clarify the exact moment in which to determine, in his philosophy, passage of morality to religion. However, we seek to explain briefly and as far as possible - considering the chronogram of the research – the architectural who philosopher studied developed in order to explain philosophically the concept of religion from morality, in his writings about these respective terms. In the second moment, we approach, specifically, the teleological problem faced by the Kantian moral argument for the existence of God. Therefore, the problematization begins with preliminary considerations on religion and consolidated from the analysis of the second part of the propose theme, which refers to the moral argument (fundamental purpose of all critical and especially of the second) and the teleological question, in other words, of the ultimate finality of every rational causality. Now, as the concept postulated a supreme lawgiver can harmonize to final purpose of the moral law and the laws of nature in a transcendental purely process? Indeed, the exhaustive task of the Kant was, therefore, to reconcile the teleology of nature with the teleology of freedom promoting the bridge was missing between theoretical reason and its extension, the practical reason. Thus, his critical philosophy consisted in linking the purpose moral with the purpose of the nature in teleological reflective judgment. Without it can be determined the nature of God in theoretical field of reason, its existence can be naturally accepted as a concept that embraces itself all conformity to the purposes of reason, both theoretical and practical. These foundamentals are put from the critical works, while it comes to an ethical-religious valuation derived the normatives of reason, which aligns with the exaltation of the philosopher to moral law taking as representing freedom of duty.
O título da pesquisa sugere dois momentos em especial, a saber, em primeiro lugar, que será dado enfoque a um panorama geral do que venha a ser o conceito de religião em Kant, com o intuito de esclarecer o exato momento no qual se pode determinar, em sua filosofia, a passagem da moral à religião. Contudo, procuramos explicar, resumidamente e na medida do possível – considerando-se o cronograma da pesquisa – a arquitetônica que o filósofo estudado desenvolveu com vistas a explicar filosoficamente o conceito de religião a partir da moralidade, em seus escritos, acerca destes respectivos termos. No segundo momento abordamos especificamente o problema teleológico enfrentado pelo argumento moral kantiano para a existência de Deus. Logo, a problematização é iniciada com considerações preliminares sobre religião e consolidada a partir da análise da segunda parte do tema proposto, o qual faz referência ao argumento moral (propósito fundamental de todas as críticas e em especial da segunda) e a questão teleológica, ou seja, da finalidade última de toda causalidade racional. Ora, como o conceito postulado de um Legislador Supremo pode se harmonizar aos propósitos finais da lei moral e das leis da natureza num processo puramente transcendental? Com efeito, a exaustiva tarefa de Kant foi, pois, a de conciliar a teleologia da natureza com a teleologia da liberdade promovendo a ponte que faltava entre a razão teórica e sua extensão, a razão prática. Assim, sua filosofia crítica se constituiu em ligar o fim moral com os fins da natureza no juízo reflexivo teleológico. Sem que possa ser determinada a natureza de Deus no campo teórico da razão, a sua existência pode ser naturalmente admitida como um conceito que abarca em si toda conformidade aos fins da razão, tanto teórica como prática. Estes fundamentos são postos a partir das obras críticas, enquanto que se trata de uma valoração ético-religiosa oriundas das normativas da razão, a qual se alinha com a exaltação do filósofo à lei moral tomando como representação a liberdade do dever.

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Hyland, Anne Margaret. "Tautology or teleology? : towards an understanding of repetition in Franz Schubert's instrumental chamber music." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609771.

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Ratcliffe, Matthew James. "Self and purpose : a philosophical discussion concerning teleology, agency and the nature of objectivity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624380.

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Salzman, Todd A. "Deontology and teleology : an investigation of the normative debate in Roman catholic moral theology /." Leuven : University press : Peeters, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361626195.

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Padilha, Rafael Alves. "ENTRE O JUSTO E O LEGAL: RICOEUR E A NOÇÃO DE JUSTIÇA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9114.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present dissertation aims to reconstruct and to discuss Paul Ricoeur s argumentation about the notion of justice, presented at several books that had been published in the beginning and mid 90 , among them, Oneself as another, and the two collections of articles The just 1 and Readings 1: around the political. According to this, it takes as director axis the dialectic between teleology and deontology, with their respective predicates good and legal , seen by Ricoeur as a preparation for the real challenge of morality taken as a whole: the moral singular judgment, executed at uncertainty situations, under the sign of the practical wisdom. Under the teleological vision, the justice, with the providential intermediation of the Aristotelian s notion of friendship, is connected to the desire of a realized life, the ethic s aim. Further, yet with Aristotle, Ricoeur sees in the institution, grasped as a structure of desire to live together characterized by common wonts, the appropriated mediation to the distributive relations which it occurs under the aegis of justice. On the deontological plane, the discussion promoted with the Rawls s great work doesn t aim, properly, to refute it. In a diverse way, according to the thesis of the teleology s primacy over the deontology, what it intent is, at one hand, to extract a presupposed ethical sense, that the formalization of the rule of justice doesn t admit explicitly, and, at the other hand, to describe the tension provoked by the formalism, which conducts to necessity of a final recourse to the ethics itself. In the end, the phronesis s expedient, in your Aristotelian roots, aims the moral judgment s fundamental structure. Here, the paradigmatic example is offered by the judicial institution, which, in the judge s figure, judges the different demands and pronounces the justice, applying the law in a complex and not mechanical way, respecting their own rituals and obeying to public and recognized argumentation modes. The final point of this extensive trajectory is accomplished only when the act of judge is, finally, executed, distributing to each litigious part what is theirs by law, their fair share, contributing, in long term, to keep the social peace.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral propor uma reconstrução e uma discussão da argumentação de Paul Ricoeur em torno à noção de justiça, apresentada em diversos livros do início e meados dos anos 90, dentre eles, O si-mesmo como um outro, e as duas coletâneas de artigos O justo 1 e Leituras 1: em torno ao político. Em função disto, ela toma como eixo diretor a dialética entre teleologia e deontologia, com seus respectivos predicados bom e legal , vista por Ricoeur como uma preparação para o verdadeiro desafio da moralidade tomada como um todo: o juízo moral singular, tomado em situações de incerteza, sob o signo da sabedoria prática. Sob a ótica teleológica, a justiça, com a intermediação providencial da noção aristotélica de amizade, é vinculada ao desejo de uma vida realizada, o objeto próprio da ética. Adiante, ainda com Aristóteles, Ricoeur percebe na instituição, compreendida como uma estrutura do querer viver junto caracterizada por costumes comuns, a mediação adequada às relações distributivas que se dão sob o signo da justiça. No plano deontológico, a discussão promovida com a obra magna de Rawls não pretende, propriamente, refutá-la. De maneira diferente, em acordo com a tese da primazia da teleologia sobre a deontologia, o que se tem em mente é, de um lado, extrair um sentido ético pressuposto, embora não admitido explicitamente, pela formalização da regra da justiça e, de outro lado, descrever a tensão provocada pelo formalismo que conduz à necessidade de um recurso final à ética. Por fim, o expediente da phronesis, em suas raízes aristotélicas, mira a estrutura fundamental do juízo moral em situação. Aqui, o exemplo paradigmático é fornecido pela instituição judiciária, que, na figura do juiz, julga as diferentes demandas e pronuncia a justiça, aplicando a lei de modo complexo e não mecânico, respeitando os seus ritos específicos e obedecendo a modos publicamente reconhecidos de argumentação. O ponto final deste longo percurso só é atingido quando o ato de julgar é, finalmente, executado, distribuindo a cada uma das partes litigiosas o que é seu de direito, sua justa parte, contribuindo, a longo prazo, para a manutenção da paz social.

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Kohn, Ananda Mila. "O PARADOXO DE ROUSSEAU: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE LIBERDADE E DEVER SEGUIDO DE BREVE COMPARAÇÃO AO VIÉS TELEOLÓGICO DE KANT." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9123.

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Beginning with an analysis and valuation of Rousseau's conception of human nature, the theme of freedom tied to social, political and moral duties are investigated. Initially, the idea of nature is shown in order to clarify in what extent this concept plays a role in the political foundation, the concern that follows refers to the legitimacy of social systems. It is advocated that there is no choice between individual or collective spheres, but a condition of mutual coexistence, i.e., the condition for individual freedom lies in the collective comprehensiveness and vice versa. Thereby, the supremacy of the power of any individual over people is supposed to be rejected, and thus the prominence of the law is given, as the one that can compel mankind to fulfill their duties and at the same time, keeping them free, however this only applies to laws that are self-imposed. At that moment, the difference between natural freedom and civil freedom is emphasized, conferring greater importance to the latter. That s because there is, as understood, an inspiration of the freedom possible in society civil freedom in natural freedom, yet, not a derivation from one to another. It is scrutinized the specific requirements of the state of society, according to Rousseau, for the maintenance of freedom, among which it is highlighted the need of not confuse the picture of civil state with the state of nature, on pain of annulment of freedom. The third chapter, where it is presented the moral and political thinking of Kant, provides a comparison of the Kantian thought with Rousseau regarding the passage from the state of nature to the civil state, stressing the idea of progress, very present in the Kantian philosophy. Therefore, this work aims to delineate, firstly, the relation between freedom and duty in Rousseau, in order to demonstrate their mutual need, and reject the idea that the fulfillment of duties shies away the freedom. Secondly, the curious relation between Rousseauvian and Kantian thoughts is unfolded, having in Kant an intensification of some Rousseauvian facets, but also crucial divergence between their theories.
A partir de uma análise e valorização do conceito de natureza humana em Rousseau, investiga-se o tema da liberdade atrelado aos deveres sociais, políticos e morais. Inicialmente expõe-se a ideia de natureza a fim de esclarecer em que medida esta ocupa um papel no fundamento político, a preocupação que se segue diz respeito à legitimidade dos sistemas sociais. Defende-se não haver uma escolha entre a esfera individual ou coletiva, mas sim uma condição de coexistência mútua; isto é, a condição para a liberdade individual encontra-se na integralidade do âmbito coletivo e vice-versa. Desse modo, quer-se rechaçar a supremacia do poder de quaisquer indivíduos sobre o povo, pelo que se concebe força ao papel da lei, enquanto aquela que pode obrigar os homens ao cumprimento de seus deveres e ao mesmo tempo manter-lhes livres. Contudo, o requisito para tal é se tratar de leis autoimpostas. Então se ressalta a diferença entre liberdade natural e liberdade civil, conferindo importância maior à segunda. Isso porque se entende haver uma inspiração da liberdade que é possível em sociedade a liberdade civil na liberdade natural, porém não uma derivação desta para aquela. São esmiuçadas as exigências específicas do estado de sociedade, segundo Rousseau, para a manutenção da liberdade, dentre as quais, ressalta-se a necessidade de não confundir-se o panorama do estado civil com o estado de natureza, sob pena de anulação da liberdade. O terceiro capítulo, onde aparece o pensamento político e moral de Kant, traz uma comparação do pensamento do filósofo com Rousseau quanto à passagem de estado de natureza para estado civil e destaca a ideia de progresso, muito presente na filosofia kantiana. Portanto, quer-se delinear, em primeiro lugar, a relação entre liberdade e dever em Rousseau, para demonstrar sua necessidade recíproca, e rejeitar a ideia de que o cumprimento de deveres coíbe a liberdade. Em segundo lugar, abre-se a curiosa relação entre os pensamentos rousseaunianos e kantianos, tendo em Kant uma intensificação de algumas facetas rousseaunianas, mas também afastamentos decisivos entre suas teorias.

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Souza, Sergio Izidoro de. "História da natureza em Kant." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-05072012-162843/.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a concepção de História da Natureza que Kant desenvolve em ensaios pequenos publicados entre 1775 e 1788. Para isso, nós expomos a teoria kantiana de ciência, primeiramente, de um ponto de vista tipológico geral e, posteriormente, de um ponto de vista específico, isto é, inicialmente apresentamos os tipos de ciência (as genuínas e as não genuínas), e depois nos aprofundamos na ciência genuína (matemática e física). No segundo capítulo, apresentamos os esquemas gerais da história da natureza, que são: ciência das origens e separada; a ideia de adaptação das espécies e o fixismo; os germes e disposições; as influências de Buffon, Maupertuis e Stahl. No último capítulo, tratamos de desenvolver as características mais importantes da teleologia empregue no julgamento dos organismos.
The aim of this research is to investigate Kants idea of History of Nature developed in minor essays publicated between 1775 and 1788. For this, we expound the Kantian theory of science, firstly in a general typological point of view, that is, we show the types of sciences (genuine or not genuine). Secondly in a specific point of view, we study the genuine science (mathematics and physics). Then we investigate the general schemes of history of nature, that is, the idea of species adaptation and the fixism; germs and dispositions; influences of Buffon, Maupertuis and Stahl. In the last chapter we focus on the most important characteristics of teleology used in organisms judgement.

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White, Libbey Katherine. "The Evolution Debate Onscreen: Unreliable Narrators Find A Home." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/white/WhiteL0807.pdf.

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Faced with increasingly influential opposition from fundamentalist religious groups, evolutionists could benefit from reexamining their strategies in the evolution vs. creation debate. This thesis is based on the understanding that the debate is not about scientific evidence, but rather warring ideologies. The religious fundamentalist ideology perceives materialism and moral relativism as threats that follow from the theory of evolution, and in this thesis both threats are debunked. Understood as warring ideologies, the debate broadens, and calls for a wider range of approaches. Art could be advantageously employed to draw these ideologies out and show them more clearly, and this thesis explores the possibility of using found footage films in particular to do so.

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Braddock, L. E. "The psychoanalytic contribution to the concept of motivation." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325204.

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O'Brien, Monica. "Bombed-out consciousness the negative teleology of the modern subject in Adorno, Beckett and DeLillo /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3164708.

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Roland, James W. ""A diamond in the sun" the idea of 'glory' in the teleology of Jonathan Edwards /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.

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Santos, Maria CÃlia dos. "O Pensamento TeleolÃgico de Immanuel Kant." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=19964.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
Esta dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de Teleologia no pensamento de Immanuel Kant, tomando como base a CrÃtica da Faculdade do JuÃzo, tendo em vista salientar, sobretudo, a idÃia de finalidade na Natureza. Assim sendo, tentaremos mostrar, de acordo com Kant, a necessidade de se pensar alguma forma de conformidade a fins para que qualquer juÃzo possa ser possÃvel; ela vai descrever uma sintonia entre juÃzo e mundo. PorÃm, salientando que a conformidade a fins objetiva nÃo Ã nenhum princÃpio necessÃrio da natureza, mas regulativo para o simples ajuizamento dos fenÃmenos; um princÃpio a mais para submeter esses fenÃmenos a regras onde as leis da causalidade, segundo o mecanismo da mesma, nÃo alcanÃam. Para Kant, segundo a constituiÃÃo especÃfica das nossas faculdades de conhecimento, nÃo podemos julgar de outro modo a possibilidade dos seres organizados e a sua respectiva produÃÃo, senÃo na medida em que pensamos para eles uma causa que aja intencionalmente. NÃo chegamos a conhecer suficientemente os seres organizados guiados por princÃpios da natureza simplesmente mecÃnicos e, ainda menos, explicÃ-los, a partir de leis da natureza, a qual nenhuma intenÃÃo organizou.
This research has as its objective present the concept of Theology by Immanuel Kant, having as a base âThe Critic of the thinking facultyâ, emphasizing, most of all, the idea of Nature finality. In this matter, we will try to show, according to Kant, the necessity to think something in conformity to the judgment be possible; it will describe the consonant between the reason and the world. Nevertheless, accentuating the conformity purpose, it is not a necessary start of nature, but a simple regulation to the judgment phenomena; a source to submit these phenomena to rules where there is casualty law, by its own mechanism, do not attain. Kant by the specifics constitution of our knowledge faculty, we canât judge in another way the possibility of organized beings and its respective production, in the measure of our thinking to their intentional cause. We did not get to know sufficiently the organized beings guided by simple mechanics nature foundations and less, explain it from the law or nature for any organized intention.

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Soares, S?nia. "Medicina filos?fica: as rela??es entre medicina e filosofia na Gr?cia antiga e em Kant." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16456.

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This work deals with the relationship between medicine and philosophy, which has existed since Antiquity, and will also be discussed here from Kant s perspective. It presents the historical context formed by reciprocal influences of common notions regarding health/disease, balance/justice, and just measure, which are present in the medical discourse as much as in the philosophical one. It considers that Hippocratic medicine emerges from concerns about dietetics, thus creating the link between philosophy and medicine, which is important for our analysis on Kant s contributions to Hippocratic legacy. Taking into account these considerations, the work distinguishes between two aspects which are associated within the dietetics presented by Kant in his work The conflict of the faculties, studied here in the light of his Doctrine of virtue, particularly the duties to oneself in regard the care of one s body and the teleological conception. In this sense, the work indicates the role of Kantian thinking not only to enrich medical dietetics, by lending to it moral value, but also to enrich philosophy by highlighting its therapeutic effects
Este trabalho trata da rela??o entre medicina e filosofia que se estabeleceu desde a Antiguidade, e ser? aqui discutida tamb?m no pensamento de Immanuel Kant. Apresenta o contexto hist?rico de influ?ncias rec?procas em que no??es comuns sobre sa?de/doen?a, equil?brio/justi?a, e justa medida permearam tanto o debate m?dico como o debate filos?fico. Considera que a medicina hipocr?tica surgiu da preocupa??o com a diet?tica, o que faz desta o campo de interse??o entre a filosofia e a medicina, importante para a an?lise das contribui??es de Kant ao legado hipocr?tico. A partir disso, o trabalho destaca dois aspectos que aparecem associados na diet?tica proposta por Kant na obra O Conflito das Faculdades, analisada aqui ? luz da sua Doutrina da Virtude, notadamente os deveres para consigo, sobretudo no que se refere ao cuidado com o corpo e a concep??o teleol?gica. Nesse sentido, indica a import?ncia do pensamento de Kant n?o apenas para enriquecer a medicina no ?mbito da diet?tica, por revesti-la de import?ncia moral, como tamb?m para enriquecer a pr?pria filosofia, atribuindo-lhe um efeito terap?utico

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Lancia, Julio Cesar. "Discussões sobre o minimalismo musical norte-americano : processos, repetição e tecnologia /." São Paulo : [s.n], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95101.

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Orientador: Lia Vera Tomás
Banca: Yara Borges Caznók
Banca: Paulo de Tarso Cambraia Salles
Resumo: O minimalismo musical de La Monte Young, Terry, Riley, Steve Reich e Philip Glass foi chamado, entre outros rótulos, de música repetitiva, modular, de pulsação, de processos e estática - e, portanto, não-teleológica - antes que o termo minimalismo prevalecesse. Uma vez que tais termos não são infundados e refletem características percebidas no minimalismo, este trabalho tenta definir as idéias por trás desses rótulos. O trabalho também discute os procedimentos mais típicos adotados por cada um dos quatro compositores mencionados, apontando as mudanças de feições na produção desses compositores entre as décadas de 1960 e 70, período normalmente utilizado como referência para estudos.
Abstract: The musical minimalism of La Monte Young, Terry, Riley, Steve Reich and Philip Glass had been called, among other labels, repetitive, modular, pulse, process, and static - and as a result, a-teleological - music before the name minimalism finally caught on. Since those labels reflect, at least in part, some of the features commonly found in the style, this study attempts to define the concepts behind such labels. This work also discusses some of the most typical procedures adopted by the four composers aforementioned, pointing their changing style during the 1960s and 70s, period often used as a reference for studies.
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Rizo-Patrón, de Lerner Rosemary. "Husserl Reading Kant. Remarks on Reason and its Limits." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112740.

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A preliminary overview of Husserl reading Kant shows that both thinkers represent two essentially different types of philosophies in their methods and reach. The judgement made by Husserl about Kant allows to state that we are facing two different privileged intuitions. Nevertheless, it also allows to state a family resemblance”–if not in their styles and methodology– in certain ground convictions regarding philosophy and reason’s finite nature. This paper approaches, from a Husserlian perspective, the relationship between experience and judgment” –proper to a Transcendental Theory of Elements”– and in that between science and philosophy” –corresponding to a Transcendental Theory of Method”. Furthermore, it will approach the distinction between natural and transcendental-phenomenological attitudes that allow Husserl to introduce two levels of philosophical interrogation and two types of philosophical anthropologies, corresponding to the splitting of the ego – a pure constitutive ego and a constituted one. This last will lead to the genetic problem of the ego’s self-constitution from the deepest strata of passive instinctive life (unconscious and irrational) towards rational life in a teleological ascending movement that enacts the Kantian problem of reason’s finitude. Despite of the incorporation that Husserl makes of a teleology of Leibnizian type that resolves the Kantian hiatus between sensible and intelligible world, the Kant connoisseurs will recognize his tracks in the configuration of the Husserlian trascendental phenomenology.
Una revisión preliminar de la lectura que hace Husserl de Kant muestra que ambos pensadores representan dos tipos de filosofía esencialmente distintas en sus métodos y alcances. El juicio que hace Husserl sobre Kant permite constatar que estamos ante distintas intuiciones privilegiadas. Empero, también permite constatar un aire de familia” –si no en los estilos y la metodología– en ciertas convicciones de fondo respecto de la filosofía y la naturaleza finita de la razón. En este trabajo se aborda, desde la perspectiva husserliana, la relación entre experiencia y juicio” –propia de una teoría trascendental de los elementos” –y entre ciencia y filosofía” –correspondiente a una teoría trascendental del método.”Asimismo, se hará ver la distinción entre las actitudes natural y fenomenológica-trascendental que permite a Husserl introducir dos niveles de interrogaciónfilosófica, y dos tipos de antropologías filosóficas, correspondientes al desdoblamientodel yo– un yo puro constituyente y otro constituido. Esto último conducirá al problema genético de la auto-constitución del yo desde lo más profundo dela vida instintiva pasiva (inconsciente e irracional) hasta la vida racional en un movimiento de ascenso teleológico, que da lugar al replanteamiento del problema kantiano de la finitud de la razón. A pesar de que Husserl incorpora una teleología de tipo leibniziano que resuelve el hiato kantiano entre mundo sensible e inteligible, los conocedores de Kant podrán reconocer sus huellas en la configuración de la fenomenología trascendental husserliana.

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Obasi, Ezemenari Marquis. "Construction and validation of the worldview analysis scale." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1140709350.

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Smyczek, Jeremy P. "Darwinism, dichotomies and democracy the rhetoric of intelligent design creationism /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/rp/smyczekj/jeremysmyczek.pdf.

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McCallum, Jeffrey D. "Teleology in a developing universe a philosophical and theological investigation into the fine-tuning of the universe necessary for the existence of life /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Duarte, Cláudio Aparecido. "Reflexões acerca da categoria trabalho na ontologia social de György Lukács." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11571.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Aparecido Duarte.pdf: 1068361 bytes, checksum: f69914b2d40848eb8a5509b120a968ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-17
The object of this study falls in a reflection about György Lukács ' work category in your ontology. Therefore, how would the modal category work be situated according to materialist conception of History? This is the situation that will be addressed on this study. According to the lukacsian believe the modal category work would have in this conception the genesis of social being as well other categories. Thus, also is the basis of primary teleologies derived from the close relationship between man and nature as he could produce concrete conditions of his existence as the secondary theologies, which means, his conscience or what his conscience would produce. When studying the complex modal work, still according to Lukács, there are three important categories, in other words, alienation (Entäussaerung) And strangeness (Entfremdung) Alienation (Entäussaerung). While exteriorization/objectification, although the objectification is different of exteriorization both conceptions would be inseparable. In regards to strangeness (Entfremdung) in its s social-historic process it would involve how to be human in a specific moment of the development of productive forces. Consequently, work would be the structural axis of Marxist work what is evident when Lukács has contact with philosophical-economical manuscripts and this contact would transform his studies drastically. Thus, Karl Marx 's thoughts would be based mainly in a necessarily ontological dimension, from the thing itself, the ontological essence of the matter treated
O objeto do presente estudo se insere em uma reflexão acerca da categoria trabalho na ontologia de György Lukács. Assim, como se situaria a categoria trabalho em nível da concepção materialista da história? Tal é a situação problema que se abordará nesse estudo. Pois, para o pensamento lukacsiano a categoria modal do trabalho teria nessa concepção a gênese do ser social, assim como todas as demais categorias. Destarte, é também fundamento das teleologias primárias oriundas da relação direta do homem com a natureza à medida que ele produziria as condições concretas de sua existência assim como as teleologias secundárias, ou seja, sua consciência, ou aquilo que sua consciência viria a produzir. Ao se estudar o complexo modal do trabalho, ainda em Lukács, duas importantes categorias se fazem presentes, ou seja, a alienação (Entäussaerung) e estranhamento (Entfremdung). Alienação (Entäussaerung) enquanto exteriorização/objetivação, muito embora a objetivação seja distinta da exteriorização ambos os conceitos seriam indissociáveis. Quanto ao estranhamento (Entfremdung) em seu processo sócio-histórico diria respeito ao modo de ser do gênero humano num momento específico do desenvolvimento das forças produtivas. Assim sendo, o trabalho seria o eixo estruturador da obra marxiana o que, fica evidente quando Lukács toma contato com os manuscritos econômico-filosóficos e tal contato viria a transformar radicalmente seus estudos. Destarte, o pensamento de Karl Marx estaria fundamentado, sobretudo em uma dimensão necessariamente ontológica, ou seja, a partir da própria coisa, ou seja, da essência ontológica da matéria tratada

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Teleology'

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