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1
Bourk, Michael. "Scott V. Telstra: A Watershed in Australian Telecommunication Policy." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600110.
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In Australia, the Universal Service Obligation (USO) operates as a legislative mechanism that guarantees the right of all Australians to access a standard telephone service wherever they reside. In 1997, special provisions for people with severe hearing impairment were added to telecommunication legislation. The Telecommunications Act 1997 included a specific reference to teletypewriters (TTYs), including them as an addition to the definition of the Universal Service Obligation (USO) as the result of the outcome from a public inquiry held in 1995. The inquiry, subsequently referred to as Scott v. Telstra, is a case study illustrating the collision of two separate pieces of federal legislation and the paradigms that formed them. Furthermore, both the inquiry and subsequent revision of definitions of a standard telephone service illustrate the complexity of planning telecommunication policy for equitable social outcomes. Specifically, further questions are raised surrounding the role of universal service in changing technological and competitive environments.
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Shields, Peter, and Brenda Dervin. "Telephone Privacy: Residential User Perspectives and Strategies." Media International Australia 87, no. 1 (May 1998): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9808700111.
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As policy-makers in various countries have turned to devising policy in the relatively unfamiliar terrain of telephone privacy, it is evident that they have done so with little empirical evidence concerning the relevant perceptions and behaviours of residential telephone users. We have two objectives. First, focusing on the US context, we seek to build on the little empirical work that has been done on these users' perceptions and behaviours regarding telephone privacy. Second, we discuss the implications of our analysis for policy deliberations. Emphasis is placed on the need to construct appropriate public education campaigns that can aid in reducing the gulf between privacy concerns expressed by telecommunication privacy experts and those expressed by residential users.
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Nulens, Gert. "Socio-cultural aspects of information technology in Africa. The policy of the World Bank Studies on Media Information and Telecommunication (SMIT)." Communicatio 23, no. 2 (January 1997): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02500169708537832.
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Leonard, Peter. "The Elusive Mirage: Competition Regulation and Telecommunications, 1997–2000." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600106.
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This paper looks at the operation of telecommunications-specific competition regulation pursuant to the 1997 legislation, on the eve of a review of the 1997 legislation by the Productivity Commission. The central thesis is that the ‘brave new world’ created by the 1997 legislation, of industry self-regulation of terms and conditions of access to declared telecommunications services, has been an inhospitable land for new entrants. Neither the access nor the competitive conduct provisions have operated in the way intended by the policy-makers and anticipated by new entrants at the time of introduction of the 1997 legislation. The tools of competitive conduct regulation at the retail level have proven cumbersome and susceptible to challenge. Instead of a rapid withering away of market power under threatened or actual market entry, the emergence of the Internet and commercial deployment of digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies has meant that Telstra's ability to cross-market leverage may actually have increased and extended beyond the telephony sphere. Finally, the paper identifies key issues for the Productivity Commission's review.
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Barr, Trevor. "The Telecommunications Policy Process." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600113.
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A fundamental power shift is underway in contemporary Australia — the deconstruction of the role of the state in ownership, policy and strategic thinking for the future. In telecommunications policy, we have replaced strategic thinking for the nation with ad hoc strategic planning by an array of intensely competitive companies. This article argues that we need to widen the framework of a plethora of public-interest groups pushing narrow sectional interest to much wider inputs in the overall policy process. We need to foster imaginative attempts at constructing national plans — of many different kinds — for Australia's communications future.
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Meidayati, Anis Wahyu. "Impact of Telecommunication Infrastructure, Market Size, Trade Openness and Labor Force on Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN." Journal of Developing Economies 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v2i2.6677.
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AbstractForeign Direct Investment (FDI) in recent years has created a positive impact for ASEAN countries. FDI give spillover effects that directly contribute capital improvements, technological developments, and global market access, also skills and managerial transfers. In order to attract FDI inflow into country, ASEAN member countries need to know what factors which attract investment related to the needs of infrastructure types and other factors. The purpose of this study is examine the determinant of FDI in ASEAN countries. This research method used is panel data regression period 2005-2015 from 10 countries in ASEAN. The results showed simultaneously and partially telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, and labor force variable have significant relationship with FDI inflows in ASEAN countries.Keywords: panel data regression, telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, labor force, FDI.ReferencesAppleyard, DR. Field, JF. and Cobb, SL. 2008. International Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill.Azam, Muhammad. 2010. “Economic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic and Turkmenistan: Theory and Evidence”, Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics. 3 (6), 27-40.Botric, Valerija. 2006. “Main Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in the Southeast European Countries”, Transition Studies Review. Vol. 13(2): 359–377.Calderon, C., and Serven, L., 2010. “Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Journal of African Economies. Vol.19(4): 13-87.Carbaugh, Robert J. 2008. International Economics. Edisi Kedelapan. South Western: Thomson Learning.Chakrabarti, A. 2001. “The Determinant of Foreign Direct Investment: Sensivity Analysses of Cross-Country Regression”, International Symposium on Sustainable Development. Vol 54 (1):89-114.Demirhan, E., & Masca, M. 2008. Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Flows. Prague Economic Papers.Dutt, Pushan, et all. 2007. “International trade and unemployment: Theory and cross-national evidence”, Journal of International Economics. Volume 78(1): 32-44.Gharaibeh, A. M. 2015. “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment-Empirical Evidence from Bahrain”, International Journal of Business and Social Science. Vol. 6(8): 94-106.Grigg, N. 2000. Infrastructure System Management & Optimazation. Working Paper of Internasional Civil Engineering Departement Diponegoro University.Hirsch, Caitlin E. 1976. Macroeconomics, Politics and Policy: The Determinants of Capital Flows to Latin America. Texas Tech University.Hymer, Stephen Herbert. 1976. The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), MIT Department of Economics PhD thesis originally presented 1960.Kaliappan, Shivee Ranjanee et all. 2013. “Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU) Countries”, International Journal of Economics and Management. Vol 7(1): 136 – 149.Kurniati, Y., A. et al. 2007. Determinan FDI (Faktor-faktor yang Menentukan Investasi Asing Langsung). Jakarta: Bank Indonesia.Mughal, M.M., & Akram, M. 2011. “Does Market Size Affect FDI? The Case of Pakistan”, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. Vol. 2(9): 237-247.Nasir, S. 2016. “FDI in India’s Retail Sector: Opportunities and Challenges”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. Vol: 23(3): 155-125.Novianti, Tanti et all. 2014. “The Infrastructure’s Influence on the Asean Countries’ Economic Growth”, Journal of Economics and Development Studies. Vol. 2(4):243-254.Rehman, C. A., Ilyas, M., Alam, H. M., & Akram. M., (2011). “The impact of Infrastructure on Foreign Direct Investment: The case of Pakistan”, International Journal of Business and Management. Vol.6(5): 184-197.Salvatore, D. 2007. International Economics. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Sarna, Ritash. 2005. The impact of core labour standards on Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia. Working Paper of the Japan Institute No. 1789.Shah, Mumtaz Hussain. 2014. The Significance of Infrastructure for Fdi Inflow in Developing Countries. Journal of Life Economics. Vol. 3(5):1-16.Shah, Mumtaz Hussain., and Khan, Yahya. 2016. Trade Liberalisation and FDI Inflow in Emerging Economies. Business & Economic Review. Vol 2(1): 35-52.Todaro, Michael P. and Smith, Stephen C. 2011. Economic Development. Ninth Edition. United States: Addison Wesley.Umoru, D. & Yaqub, J.O. 2013. “Labour productivity and Human capital in Nigeria: The empirical evidence”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 3(4). 199-221.Vernon, R. (1966). “The product cycle hypothesis in a new international environment”, Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics. Vol 41(4), 255-267.World Bank. 2015. World Development Indicator 2015.Zeb, Nayyra et all. 2015. “Telecommunication Infrastructure and Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: An Empirical Study”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research. Vol. 14(4): 117-128.
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Goggin, Gerard, and Christopher Newell. "Crippling Competition: Critical Reflections on Disability and Australian Telecommunications Policy." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600111.
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Telecommunications reform in Australia, and in particular the introduction of competition, is often claimed to have delivered benefits to consumers. From the perspective of people with disability, this competition so far can been seen as crippling rather than enabling. There have been some gains for telecommunications for people with disabilities over the past decade in particular —delivered by slowly changing corporate attitudes buttressed by the explicit reference to the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 in the Telecommunications Act 1997. This article examines telecommunications and disability in Australia since 1975, and concludes that it is high time for a telecommunications and new media industry where measures of outcomes would include utilising the experiences and meeting the needs, expectations and aspirations of those who live with disability.
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Ager, D. E. "French Cultural, Languages and Telecommunications Policy Towards Sub-Saharan Africa." Modern & Contemporary France 13, no. 1 (February 2005): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0963948052000341222.
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Bradley, Mike, and Mitchell Landrigan. "Mobile Telecommunications in Australia: Policy Frameworks and Regulatory Directions." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600107.
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This article assesses the relationship between mobile telephony, communications policy and regulation in Australia. It considers the impact of spectrum policy and regulatory decisions on competition and investment in mobile telephony services. The significance of such policies concerning the potential for convergence between mobile services and other services is considered. The regulatory policies affecting mobile telephony services are examined and are contrasted with those applying to fixed network services. It is contended that mobile telephony services in Australia are highly competitive, yet these results have not been achieved by using the regulatory instruments that are used for fixed network telephony. Moreover, the authors propose that using the same instruments for mobile telephony services as for fixed network services may constrain the growth of competition for mobile telephony and/or delay the emergence of mobile telephony services into the world of convergence.
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Alston, Senator Richard. "Introducing Competition into Australian Telecommunications." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600105.
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Australia's telecommunications regime has been developed over several years with the clear intention of facilitating robust competition, while also providing a raft of consumer safeguards. After introducing elements of competition in the 1980s, the government was able to gradually increase the level of competition, until the introduction of full competition in the Telecommunications Act 1997. Since then, the government has encouraged a stronger competitive environment by strengthening the powers of the ACCC. It has also improved consumer protection safeguards through the enactment of the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Services Standards) Act 1999. Further refining of the regime will not end here. The government will continue to review competition and consumer policy and continue to promote liberalised trade in telecommunications markets.
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Eason, Ros. "Universal Service and Telecommunications Competition." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600112.
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In reforming the regulation of Australian telecommunications over the last decade, successive governments have stressed that traditional community service goals would not be sacrificed. One of the most critical has been the Universal Service Obligation, which aims to make basic services accessible throughout Australia. This article explores the tensions inherent in the marriage between an ostensibly egalitarian social policy and a competitive market model, and criticises the increasing politicisation of decisions about universal service. It examines the treatment of universal service in the report of the National Bandwidth Inquiry, which, the author argues, implies an unravelling of the national project represented by the current universal service regime. She questions the extent to which Australians are likely to tolerate such an outcome.
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Bartle, Ian. "When Institutions No Longer Matter: Reform of Telecommunications and Electricity in Germany, France and Britain." Journal of Public Policy 22, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x02001010.
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Many studies of privatisation and liberalisation in utility industries stress the importance of national institutions for reform. However, powerful transnational forces and cross-national policy convergence in telecommunications have led to a questioning of the role of institutions. Single sector studies are limited in their ability to assess the relative influence of sector-specific technical and economic forces in the policy process. This article presents a cross-sectoral and cross-national analysis of privatisation and liberalisation in telecommunications and electricity in Germany, France and Britain in terms of national institutions, techno-economic forces and ideas. Although institutions shape shorter-term policy responses and the emerging regulatory regimes, in the longer term their role is limited to the pace and timing of policy change rather than its impetus and direction. To understand the latter it is necessary to investigate sources of the key ideas which led to reform. The ideas were not embedded within institutions but originated from outside as a response of interests to techno-economic forces and from groups ideologically predisposed to favouring neo-liberal ideas.
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Barr, Trevor. "Broadband Bottleneck: History Revisited." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900113.
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The vexed issues currently surrounding broadband policy in Australia remind us that the public sector has a great track record in building valuable telecommunications infrastructure. One lesson from the past 150 years is the constructive role played by the public sector by providing the vision and seeding capital for the creation of three major communications platforms: Australia's overland telegraph in the 1870s, communications satellites funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from the 1950s, and the early internet, funded by the US government from the 1960s to the 1990s. But times have changed and new policy models have emerged. Australia's telecommunications public policy decisions during the past decade have locked us into having few choices for broadband. The sad irony to date is that the introduction of the open competition model in July 1997, its associated regulatory framework and the full privatisation of Telstra have actually made us less efficient in investment and impeded the development of the broadband networks we need. We might just benefit from revisiting some lessons from history.
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Thompson, Peter. "Wired-up or Wind-up? The Political Economy of Broadband Policy in New Zealand/Aotearoa." Media International Australia 151, no. 1 (May 2014): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100119.
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Government policy has played a crucial role in driving the development of broadband technology in New Zealand, but this has evidently been shaped by the interplay of different ministerial imperatives and rationales under different administrations. The Labour-led government's 2005 Digital Strategy primarily aimed at increasing consumer uptake of basic broadband to overcome the ‘digital divide’. This evolved into the more ambitious 2008 Digital Strategy 2.0 which, consistent with Labour's ‘third way’ philosophy, focused both on grassroots community engagement and economic goals (involving both the Ministry for Culture and Heritage and the Ministry of Economic Development). However, the election of the National-led government later in 2008 brought a shift in the principles and outcomes driving broadband policy. National's Ultra-Fast Broadband initiative has seen NZ$1.35 billion allocated to telecommunications companies that won contracts to develop a nationwide fibre-optic infrastructure. The political rationale more strongly reflects macro-economic imperatives informed primarily by the revamped Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment. This more commercial policy orientation has nevertheless led the government into some complex and contradictory positions, particularly with respect to its reluctance to insulate the UFB initiative from demands to re-regulate the media sector in response to convergence and competition issues. Taking a critical institutionalist approach and drawing on evidence from key policy documents and interview data with policy actors, this analysis outlines several policy tensions underpinning the shifts in New Zealand's telecommunications and broadband policy between 2005 and 2013.
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Ryan, Mark David, and Lindsay Tanner. "Developing the Alternative Communications Policy Framework." Media International Australia 110, no. 1 (February 2004): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411000111.
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The findings of the ACCC report, Emerging Market Structures in the Communications Sector, in June 2003 painted a bleak future for the Australian communications and media industries unless some major policy and regulatory changes are implemented. This report, along with the very important recommendations it made, is paralleled by a number of equally important contemporary issues regarding the future of these industries, such as telecommunications regulation and the issue of Telstra, the media ownership debate, the government's digital television policy framework and the future of the ABC. With the next federal election expected in mid-2004, the objective of this interview was to gain a broad outline of the alternative communications policy framework. In so doing, it captures the thoughts, the ALP perspective and the policy positions and priorities of the Shadow Minister for Communications, Lindsay Tanner MP, on the above issues.
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Meese, James. "Telecommunications Companies as Digital Broadcasters: The Importance of Net Neutrality in Competitive Markets." Television & New Media 21, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 530–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476419833560.
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This article examines the recent phenomenon of telecommunications companies distributing screen content over-the-top (OTT). It begins by localizing this international trend through an Australian case study and exploring how this process manifests in a relatively competitive telecommunications market. The article reveals that telecommunications companies going OTT contributes to increasing concentration among Australian Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and also raises a series of consumer issues. I go on to argue that the ownership or provision of telecommunications infrastructure must be separated from content distribution and that net neutrality needs to be embedded as a central media policy concern, even in markets with a relatively strong level of competition. However, the article also notes that such policies do not address the long-term profitability of telecommunications companies that are not already vertically integrated, a problem that future research needs to address.
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Jayakar, Krishna, and Chun Liu. "The Race between the Dragon and the Elephant: Comparing China and India's National Broadband Plans." Media International Australia 151, no. 1 (May 2014): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100122.
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Some 134 national broadband plans are now in place around the world. Opinions are divided regarding the role of government in broadband markets: should the government act as an ‘enabler’ or as the ‘rule-maker’? In this context, this article analyses the ambitious national broadband plans recently announced by China and India, two rising economic powerhouses. Traditionally, China's telecommunications development has been driven by investments from government-allied entities and a strong industrial policy, while India's approach has relied on government policy to create the framework for private investment with a limited range of subsidies on the supply side. We trace the antecedents of the different policy approaches adopted by the two countries towards their respective broadband sectors, compare and contrast the motivations that have driven them to draft the national broadband plans and evaluate the effectiveness of government policies and regulations.
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Meese, James, and Aneta Podkalicka. "Practices of Media Sport: Everyday Experience and Audience Innovation." Media International Australia 155, no. 1 (May 2015): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1515500111.
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Media sport has a long history as a significant site of media innovation, and existing work in media and cultural studies has explored how media sport, technological innovation and regulatory frameworks interact. However, this work often focuses on how major actors such as broadcasting organisations, sporting bodies and telecommunications companies mediate sport. As a complementary strategy to this ‘top-down’ analysis, we approach media sport through the lens of practice, which allows us to understand everyday forms of engagement with, and consumption of, media sport in a clearer fashion. The article analyses existing policy discourses and social commentaries centred on the targeted ‘high-quality’ or ‘high-tech technological’ innovation, and argues that users of sports media are also motivated by series of cultural rewards and varied tradeoffs that do not map neatly onto industrial categories of quality or media consumption trends.
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Kujović, Elma, and Mehmed Meta. "Globalization and economic policy." Ekonomski izazovi 11, no. 22 (2022): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekoizazov2221077k.
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Economic globalization refers to the growing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing volume of cross-border trade in goods and services, the flow of international capital and the wide and rapid spread of technology. This reflects the continuous expansion and mutual integration of market borders, and represents an irreversible trend for the economic development of the whole world at the turn of the millennium. The rapid growth of the importance of information in all types of production activities and marketing are the two main driving forces of economic globalization. In other words, the rapid globalization of world economies in recent years has been largely based on the rapid development of science and technology, arising from an environment in which the market economic system has spread rapidly around the world, and evolving through a growing cross-border division of labor. chains within companies of different countries.
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Luck, David. "Revisiting the Future: Assessing the 1994 BTCE Communications Futures Project." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600114.
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In 1994. the former Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics undertook a major study for the Australian government on likely developments in online services over the decade to 2005. At the time, there was a wide level of industry ‘hype’ about the imminent arrival of broadband services to the home. It was also a crrcial time for the Australian government in formulating a range of policies—to encourage competition in the newly opening telecommunications market, to help bring to birth the new pay TV industry and to set the scene for mobile telephony. The CFP provided an economic analysis of these new technologies and the directions in which they might be heading. This paper assesses the extent to which the government research body ‘got it right’ and analyses why it was successful and where it missed the mark. Some of the reasons for the successes and failures illustrate the potential for analytical research to guide governments in their policy formulation.
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Dynes, Russell R. "Cross-Cultural International Research: Sociology and Disaster." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 6, no. 2 (August 1988): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072708800600202.
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Early cross-cultural studies of disaster responses are summarized to provide a context for recent collaborative efforts. Many of these have been initiated by researchers from the United States who have joined colleagues in numerous other countries to standardize measurement instruments and assess aspects of the public response. These efforts have highlighted definitional, theoretical, and methodological difficulties which are being addressed in current studies. Finally, current policy developments we described that may encourage future research that is cross-societal in focus and collaborative in implementation.
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Lee, Terence. "Forging an ‘Asian’ media fusion: Singapore as a 21st century media hub." Media International Australia 158, no. 1 (February 2016): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x15622082.
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The city-state of Singapore commemorated its 50th year of independence in 2015. In that 50-year period, Singapore defied the odds by forging itself into an important media and communication hub, one that services the Asian region by linking it to other global media centres. This article examines Singapore’s efforts to develop its media sector over the years from a historical (and) policy perspective. The article begins by explaining how early policy discourses were bifurcated along internal versus external lines, where the development of a national media system to mould a fledgling society was the internal mission, while externally, the vision was to promote Singapore to the rest of the world as a reliable port (where media and cultural goods can be safely and reliable transported to/through) and teleport (where messages and satellite signals can be exchanged via reliable telecommunications infrastructure and uplink–downlink facilities). It was not until the early 2000s, with the launch of Media 21 and the Creative Industries Development Strategy (both in 2002), that the external mission began to dominate. In 2009, the Singapore Media Fusion Plan (SMFP) declared that Singapore would become a ‘Trusted Global Capital for New Asia Media’. While articulating that a strong media sector engenders a better understanding of Singapore culture, the latest policy does little to promote local culture. Instead, the cultural footprint of Singapore has expanded to include not just Asia, but ‘new Asia’, defined very problematically in the report as ‘newly confident Asian countries’ (p. 26). This article unpacks the ‘Asian media fusion’ discourse and contends that the positioning of Singapore as a 21st century media hub is arguably the most overtly economic media and cultural policy that Singapore has yet produced. It is clear that the media sector is a little more than a cluster of economic activity, where the goal of the government and the agencies involved is to boost Singapore’s status as the best business city. The media hub policy rationales have thus been, for better or worse, coherent with the Singapore government’s broader economic ideologies over the past 50 years and look set to continue into the foreseeable future.
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Courtright, Christina. "Which Lessons Are Learned? Best Practices and World Bank Rural Telecommunications Policy." Information Society 20, no. 5 (November 2004): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01972240490507983.
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Laganà, Giada, and Timothy J. White. "Cross-Border Cultural Cooperation in European Border Regions." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2021.300112.
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The growing interaction between local cultures and international organisations suggests the need for peacebuilders to act strategically when trying to overcome cultural differences and build trust in societies long divided by bloody conflicts. This task is more difficult because the mental barriers that divide people and cultures are exacerbated by borders and walls. Through an analysis of the evolving role of the European Union (EU) in peacebuilding in the border region of Ireland, this forum contribution examines the potential of international organisations to enhance reconciliation by creating new cultural opportunities for cooperation. Existing scholarship focuses mainly on policy initiatives, strategies, directives and funding bodies, often failing to mention how theories are deployed by practitioners especially in the realm of cultural programmes.
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Lee, Chung‐Shing, J. Thad Barnowe, and David E. McNabb. "Environmental perceptions, attitudes and priorities: cross‐cultural implications for public policy." Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal 12, no. 1 (March 2005): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600510797962.
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Helderop, Edward, Tony H. Grubesic, and Tooran Alizadeh. "Data deluge or data trickle? Difficulties in acquiring public data for telecommunications policy analysis." Information Society 35, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2019.1574528.
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Izogo, Ernest Emeka. "Antecedents of attitudinal loyalty in a telecom service sector: the Nigerian case." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33, no. 6 (June 6, 2016): 747–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-06-2014-0070.
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Purpose – Although the benefits of customer loyalty are well researched and understood, a clear explication of how customer attitudinal loyalty evolves is lacking. Cultural discrepancies across contexts are also argued as restraining the search for universal and dominant antecedents of loyalty. As a result of the high collectivistic ranking of the Nigerian culture, the purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents of attitudinal loyalty within the Nigerian telecom market. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on survey data obtained from 138 informants who are experienced users of telecommunication services in Nigeria. The cross-sectional data were examined for internal consistency using Cronbach α internal consistency measure whereas the proposed hypotheses were tested using a multiple regression technique after conducting series of validation tests to ensure that none of the assumptions of regression was violated. Findings – The results indicate that service reliability and customer commitment explains 65 per cent of the total variance in attitudinal loyalty. Additionally, customer commitment was established as a stronger predictor of attitudinal loyalty than service reliability. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited to the extent that it used a convenience sampling approach which may not have allowed for a fully matched profile of the respondents. But the satisfactory fit of the regression model allows for the research to be a basis of a reliable comparison for future studies. Additionally, due to the limited evidence on how attitudinal loyalty evolves in the telecommunication sector, the results that emerged from this research should only be compared cautiously to the findings of previous studies. Practical implications – For users of telecommunication services to become attitudinally loyal, telecom firms must get customers to become committed to their brands and also deliver reliable services. Consequently, capacity building investments that enable reliable services to be delivered and creative pricing structure and information sharing as well as promise fulfilment which attract customers’ commitment are therefore at the core of developing attitudinally loyal customers’ pool. Originality/value – Although studies on customer loyalty are not new, the fact that this paper examined how attitudinal loyalty evolves in a saturated telecommunication context with a high collectivistic cultural ranking makes it a significant contribution to customer loyalty research because of the concentration of most studies in the western markets, the likelihood of disparities across markets influencing the antecedents of the construct and the absence of such research in the Nigerian telecom setting.
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Cryle, Denis. "Niche Markets or Monopolies? Regional Media, Government Policy and the Cross-Media Review." Media International Australia 88, no. 1 (August 1998): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9808800111.
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This article examines the neglected field of regional media in the 1990s, with special reference to the Howard government's ineffectual Cross-Media Review of 1996–97. It identifies major players and developments during the previous decade and critically examines claims about increased regional diversity in the context of the 1992 and 1994 media inquiries. In conclusion, the article reviews the submissions of regional players to the Cross-Media Review in the context of its stated concerns with preserving media diversity and localism.
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Nakano, Koichi. "Becoming a "Policy" Ministry: The Organization and Amakudari of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications." Journal of Japanese Studies 24, no. 1 (1998): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/132940.
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Shadiev, Rustam, Xueying Wang, Ting-Ting Wu, and Yueh-Min Huang. "Review of Research on Technology-Supported Cross-Cultural Learning." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031402.
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Not many review studies have explored the theoretical foundation of cross-cultural learning or the curricula in the research they were reviewing. Furthermore, some review studies only superficially discussed the methodology and findings of the reviewed articles. To address these issues, we reviewed twenty-three studies on technology-supported cross-cultural learning published between 2014 and 2020. We aimed to summarize and analyze previous research in the following areas: (1) theoretical foundation, (2) curricula, (3) technologies, and (4) methodology and findings. Our results showed that the reviewed studies built their research framework based on diverse theoretical foundations; however, the most frequently used models were Byram’s model and the cultural convergence theory. Curricula had the following main focuses: (a) cross-cultural learning, (b) linguistic skills, and (c) pre-service teacher training. The most frequently used technologies were Skype, e-mail, and blogs. We found that most reviewed studies involved the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. Finally, most of the reviewed studies reported on the role of technologies in facilitating cross-cultural learning, FL/SL learning, and pre-service teacher training. Based on our findings, several implications along with suggestions were prepared. Our findings demonstrated that results from most studies were positive regarding technological support of cross-cultural learning. Therefore, it is suggested that educators and researchers take these results into consideration when designing future studies on cross-cultural learning. Because many scholars did not report some important information, such as what theoretical foundation they built studies on or participants’ demographics, we suggest that such information needs to be included in their research articles as it can be helpful in informing future studies. We also suggest that participants in future studies use variety of technological tools for supporting communication and content creation during cross-cultural learning.
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Sait, Muhammad Azmi, and Muhammad Anshari Ali. "Assessing Brunei Darussalam Public and Private Sector Readiness Towards Big Data Application." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 13, no. 2 (July 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.20220701.oa7.
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This exploratory study aims to assess and investigate Brunei Darussalam’s readiness in developing and applying big data technologies for its public and private sectors, using Social, Technological, Environmental and Policy (STEP) framework. The results show that the population are digitally literate (Social) and utilises smart devices as well as internet network connectivity that is widely offered by the local telecommunications company (Technology). The government of Brunei Darussalam established multiple digital transformation initiatives including implementation of 5G connectivity as well as digital economy masterplan to digitally transformed in the near future (Environment). Regardless of the absence of national digital data privacy policy (Policy) in Brunei, the recent nation’s successful big data application in public sector – BruHealth Application – to contain Covid-19 community spread was achieved. Alas, the existence of such policy in the near future will create opportunities for the local private sectors to capitalise big data technologies to their business strategies.
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Iridianathan, Caroline Maria A/P, Walton Wider, Meor Rashydan Abdullah, Toong Hai Sam, Asokan Vasudevan, and Siti Nurbaayah Daud. "Employee Satisfaction in the Telecommunications Industry in Malaysia." International Journal of Management and Sustainability 11, no. 3 (October 10, 2022): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/11.v11i3.3161.
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Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a decline in employee satisfaction. It would appear that ensuring the contentment of one's workforce in their place of employment is the most significant obstacle that companies must overcome. Therefore, this study examined the effects of wages and welfare, relations with superiors, and learning and development on employee satisfaction in Malaysia. The study employed a cross-sectional design, and the research instruments were adapted from several prior studies. Employees working for a telecommunications company in Malaysia completed a total of 162 questionnaires online. The research hypotheses were analysed using SPSS Version 26.0. The findings show that although relations with superiors had a significant positive effect on employee satisfaction, learning and development had an even stronger positive effect. On the other hand, wages and welfare did not display a significant effect on employee satisfaction. This study makes a unique contribution to theoretical understanding by investigating these factors in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic as intrinsic and extrinsic components impacting employee satisfaction. Additionally, this research gives corporate organisations vital insights to ensure they can maintain a competitive edge in their industry.
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Henry, Colette, Barbara Orser, Susan Coleman, and Lene Foss. "Women’s entrepreneurship policy: a 13 nation cross-country comparison." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 206–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-07-2017-0036.
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Purpose Government attention to women’s entrepreneurship has increased in the past two decades; however, there are few cross-cultural studies to inform policy development. This paper aims to draw on gender and institutional theory to report on the status of female-focused small and medium-sized enterprises/entrepreneurship policies and to ask how – and to what extent – do women’s entrepreneurship policies differ among countries? Design/methodology/approach A common methodological approach is used to identify gaps in the policy-practice nexus. Findings The study highlights countries where policy is weak but practice is strong, and vice versa. Research limitations/implications The study’s data were restricted to policy documents and observations of practices and initiatives on the ground. Practical implications The findings have implications for policy makers in respect of support for women’s entrepreneurship. Recommendations for future research are advanced. Originality/value The paper contributes to extant knowledge and understanding about entrepreneurship policy, specifically in relation to women’s entrepreneurship. It is also one of the few studies to use a common methodological approach to explore and compare women’s entrepreneurship policies in 13 countries.
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Henke, Roger. "A framework for understanding cross-national differences in the relationship between research and policy." Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale 2, no. 4 (December 2001): 581–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-001-1013-0.
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Humphreys, Sal. "Discursive Constructions of MMOGs and Some Implications for Policy and Regulation." Media International Australia 130, no. 1 (February 2009): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913000108.
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This paper examines how the production of interactive, co-creative software such as multiplayer online games differs from conventional media production, and how stakeholders employ different discursive constructions to understand those environments. The convergence of forms and functions, and the emergence of new structures that cross pre-existent regulatory and policy boundaries, mean that the discourses adopted to describe these environments and enact regulation and control need to be examined for the particular interests they represent. The paper canvasses six different discourses about online social software such as games, and briefly discusses the implications of each for areas such as intellectual property, classification, governance, data privacy, creative industries and global crossjurisdictional infrastructures.
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Alahiotis, Stamatis N., and Eleni Karatzia‐Stavlioti. "Effective curriculum policy and cross‐curricularity: analysis of the new curriculum design of the Hellenic Pedagogical Institute." Pedagogy, Culture & Society 14, no. 2 (July 2006): 119–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681360600738277.
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Osei Akoto, Edward. "Cross-cultural factorial validity of the academic motivation scale." Cross Cultural Management 21, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-11-2011-0100.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial validity of the academic motivation scale (AMS), including mean structures and reliabilities across two culturally diverse samples. Thus, the study assesses the fit of the seven-factor conceptualization of AMS to a non-Western context. Design/methodology/approach – Survey questionnaire was used to elicit responses from undergraduate business students from universities in the USA (267) and Ghana (262). The data were analyzed using the multi-group CFA technique in LISREL 8.7, to assess measurement equivalency and the fit of the AMS to the non-Western context. Findings – After baseline models were established, a hierarchy of successively restrictive models were specified and estimated. Support was found for factorial, metric, and scalar invariance across the two samples, but different levels of psychometric soundness exist. Research limitations/implications – In spite of the low reliabilities in the non-Western context, the AMS has the potential to measure the same traits in the same way across diverse groups. Practical implications – Researchers, educators, and policy makers interested in this field of study may be confident in employing the AMS to investigate students' motives, including cross-cultural motivational studies. Organizations may also use the AMS as a pre-employment tool to understand college graduates motivational profile for better person-organization match. Originality/value – The AMS has been developed and validated in the Western context, but its validity in non-Western contexts remains unexplored. This study provides a cross-cultural comparative test of the seven-factor conceptualization.
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Robert O. Freedman. "Cross on the Star of David: The Christian World in Israel's Foreign Policy 1948–1967 (review)." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 26, no. 4 (2009): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0151.
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Gyasi, Juliana Fosua, Lanqin Zheng, and Miaolang Long. "Reflecting on the Past to Shape the Future: A Systematic Review on Cross-Cultural Collaborative Learning from 2011 to 2020." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 13890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413890.
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Cross-cultural collaborative learning in different learning domains is the road to the sustainability of economic, social, and environmental development. It creates the appropriate environment to acquire cross-cultural communication and collaboration skills for the 21st century. This study conducted a systematic review of 54 articles on cross-cultural collaborative learning published from 2011 to 2020. Based on the proposed analysis framework, the major elements of cross-cultural collaborative learning are revealed, including learners, group composition, learning environment, cross-cultural learning content, collaborative learning strategies, and research designs. The results indicated that most studies engaged learners at the university level and adopted small group sizes in cross-cultural collaborative learning activities. The online learning environment and social science learning content were widely employed in the past 10 years. Most studies adopted multiple collaborative learning strategies and lasted for 9 to 24 weeks. Most studies targeted mixed research purposes and adopted the qualitative analysis method. The findings and relevant suggestions for future studies are discussed in depth.
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Cazorla-Calderón, Sergio, José Manuel Romero-Sánchez, Elena Fernández-García, and Olga Paloma-Castro. "Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 59 (January 2022): 004695802110601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211060143.
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Healthcare professionals often use multimedia patient education media, but not all have the same content quality. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health to the Spanish setting and assess its psychometric properties. A methodological validation study was carried out between January and September 2020. Data collection took place from May to June 2020. A translation, back translation, committee review, and pre-testing was carried out. Subsequently, reliability (internal consistency), and validity (factorial and convergent) were assessed by requiring 210 Healthcare Professionals to complete the instrument based on video material. In addition, a refinement of the instrument was conducted based on the modification indexes. The instrument showed adequate internal consistency, although some redundancy in the items (α = .93). Exploratory factor analysis suggested a unifactorial structure that explained an adequate variance (47.37%). Convergent validity was poor (r = .11; P = .05). After analysis, 6 items were deleted without impairing the validity results and eliminating redundancy. Therefore, a 12-item version of the instrument was created. It can help to assess more objectively the contents of the materials prescribed, facilitating the choice of those of higher quality and potentially improving their patients’ health outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm the previous results and reassess some of the shortcomings.
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Safiranita, Tasya, Travis Tio Pratama Waluyo, Elizabeth Calista, Danielle Putri Ratu, and Ahmad M. Ramli. "The Indonesian Electronic Information and Transactions Within Indonesia’s Broader Legal Regime: Urgency for Amendment?" Jurnal HAM 12, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2021.12.533-552.
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Cyberspace is the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures such as the internet, telecommunications networks, and computer systems. Meanwhile, Indonesia’s Law Number 11 of 2008 and its amendment through Indonesian Law Number 19 of 2016 governing cyberspace have been viewed to contradict and infringe other areas of law, such as protection of press or freedom of expression. Hence, this study seeks to identify the controversies and problems regarding the law deemed urgent for amendment. Further, this study creates recommendations so the government may amend electronic information policy more fairly and efficiently. This study uses a judicial normative and comparative approach. This research tries to analyze the existing regulations and the implementation and compare Indonesia’s cyberspace regulation with other States’. This study finds that Articles 27(3) and 28(2) of the law criminalize defamation and hate speech in an overly broad manner and that Article 40(2)(b) allows the government to exercise problematic censorship. As a result, they have infringed the freedom of the press and general freedom of expression in practice. In response to this, this study compares similar provisions from other States and recommends amendment the articles to become narrower and more clearly defined.
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Hwang, Man-Seong. "A Study of Criminal Law Reaction about Collecting Personal Information to Prevent Infectious Diseases." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 28 (December 31, 2022): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/bml.2022.28.203.
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Korea's quarantine and response to Coronavirus Infection-19 is currently in the spotlight as an exemplary model worldwide.
The success of Korea's quarantine against Corona 19 pandemic based on Use of personal information. But the Corona 19 pandemic brings a new problem in the ‘use and protection of personal information’.
The question of how to reconcile the conflict between the public interest of preventing infectious diseases and the human rights of individuals is very important.
「Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act 」Article 76-2 regulates Request for Provision of Information. It states that the head of the Korea Centers for Disease Control Agency or a Mayor/Do Governor may request an information about the location of suspected persons, including a patients of an infectious disease, to the head of a police station if necessary. The Article 76-2 ② states that the Organization and Operation of National Police and Autonomous Police to provide location information of patients of an infectious disease, etc. and persons suspected of contracting an infectious disease, may request any personal location information from the telecommunication service provider and the provider cannot reject such request without justifiable reason.
But, these regulations have the following problems: First, the right of Request for Provision of Information is a suspicion of violation of the principle of prohibition of excess. The system for requesting personal information bases on Article 76-2 is, from the point of view of the breadth of the subject, spatial limitlessness, object of information, a suspicion of violation of the principle of prohibition of excess.
Second, regarding the concept of person suspected of contracting an infectious disease, there is a suspicion of violation of the principle of clarity
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R. Terry, Daniel, and Quynh Lê. "Social capital among migrating doctors: the “Bridge” over troubled water." Journal of Health Organization and Management 28, no. 3 (June 10, 2014): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-09-2012-0178.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of social capital among International Medical Graduates (IMGs). It will specifically examine bridging social capital and greater intercultural communication which provides IMGs access to the wider community and plays a key role in cross-cultural adaptation and acculturation. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature. Findings – An Australian wide shortage of doctors has led to an increased reliance on the recruitment of IMGs. As IMGs migrate, they may encounter different meanings of illness, models of care and a number of social challenges. Nevertheless, greater cross-cultural adaptation and acculturation occurs through bridging social capital, where intercultural communication, new social networks and identity aids integration. This process produces more opportunities for economic capital growth and upward mobility than bonding social capital. Practical implications – Concerns regarding immigration, appropriate support and on-going examination processes have been expressed by IMGs in a number of studies and policy papers. However, there is very little insight into what contributes cross-cultural adaptation of IMGs. Originality/value – As IMGs migrate to not only a new country, but also a new health system and workplace they arrive with different cultural meanings of illness and models of care. These differences may be in contrast to the dominant western medical model, but often bring positive contributions to patient care in the new environment. In addition, improving bridging social capital provides IMGs access to the wider community and has been demonstrated to play a key role in cross-cultural adaptation and ultimately acculturation.
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Nair, Nisha, Patturaja Selvaraj, and Ranjeet Nambudiri. "Culture and COVID-19: Impact of Cross-Cultural Dimensions on Behavioral Responses." Encyclopedia 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 1210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2030081.
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The global pandemic of COVID-19 has impacted every sphere of human life across all nations of the world. Countries adapted and responded to the crisis in different ways with varied outcomes and different degrees of success in mitigation efforts. Studies have examined institutional and policy-based responses to the pandemic. However, to gain a holistic understanding of the pandemic response strategy and its effectiveness, it is also important to understand the cultural foundations of a society driving its response behavior. Towards that end, this entry focuses on a few key cultural dimensions of difference across countries and proposes that national culture is related to the protective behavior adopted by societies during COVID-19. The cultural dimensions examined in relation to COVID-19 include the dimensions of individualism vs. collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and femininity, and future orientation. Inferences are drawn from academic research, published data, and discernible indicators of social behavior. The entry provides pointers for each dimension of culture and proposes that cultural awareness be made an important element of policy making while responding to crises such as COVID-19.
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Tomyn, Adrian J., Mark A. Stokes, Robert A. Cummins, and Paulo C. Dias. "A Rasch Analysis of the Personal Well-Being Index in School Children." Evaluation & the Health Professions 43, no. 2 (January 6, 2019): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278718819219.
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The personal well-being index—school children (PWI-SC) is designed as a cross-cultural instrument to measure subjective well-being among high school–aged children. Several published cross-cultural studies have confirmed adequate psychometric performance in terms of reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. This study adds to this literature by applying the Rasch approach to estimate invariant comparison in a cross-cultural context, applied to both Australian and Portuguese high school students. Participants were an age- and gender-matched convenience sample of 1,040 adolescents (520 cases in each group, 51.54% male) who ranged in age from 12 to 18 years ( M = 14.25 years, SD = 1.71 years). It is found that both Portuguese and Australian data fit the Rasch measurement model, with excellent levels of reliability at a country level. However, when all of the data were combined, a slight misfit was found. This was resolved by removing some issues with item thresholds in standard of living among the Australian data and splitting the data by country on health. This allowed both Australian and Portuguese cases to differ on the health item. We conclude that the PWI-SC is unidimensional, with some evidence of mild, but acceptable local dependency. This study further supports the cross-cultural validity of the PWI-SC and the use of this measure in the Australian and Portuguese context but also indicates a potential direction that development of the PWI-SC might proceed.
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Meads, DM, SP McKenna, and LC Doward. "PMH46 ASSESSING THE CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARABILITY OF THE CENTRE FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES DEPRESSION SCALE (CES-D)." Value in Health 9, no. 6 (November 2006): A324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)63577-2.
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Poprawski, Marcin. "Cultural education organizations and flexible individualization of taste." Journal of Organizational Change Management 28, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2015-0018.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss structure, essence, and quality of a current organizational frameworks for the arts and culture, institutions, NGO’s and enterprises that are core playgrounds for flexible individualization of taste, cultural literacy, individuals’ expressions and their cultural identity. Design/methodology/approach – Paper design initiates with an analysis of the organizational landscape of cultural sector, including special focus on cultural education. This subject will be studied with a use of a case of cultural education organization leaders. The paper epilogue brings to the discussion inspirations from aesthetics and marketing studies. Findings – In cultural education organizations, there is: an urgency: for more hybrid and flexible organizational forms; cross-sectorial synergy; for more focused leaders competencies fitting into expected categories of: managerial, communicative, sensemaking, and entrepreneurial. Research limitations/implications – The paper is a stimulus for further research within cooperating disciplines of organization studies, cultural policy studies, marketing, and aesthetics. Practical implications – The text has practical implication for public administration, cultural policy makers and is an insight for cultural organizations leaders from public, private, and civil parts of cultural sector. Originality/value – The topic of flexible individuation of taste in relations to cultural education institution practices, is reflected in a complementary approach, from triadic perspective of cultural policy, marketing and aesthetics, bringing new insights for organization change research and practice.
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Kalberg, Stephen. "The Influence of Political Culture upon Cross-Cultural Misperceptions and Foreign Policy: The United States and Germany." German Politics and Society 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503003782353448.
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The disagreement between Germany and the United States over thewar in Iraq was massive. During the winter of 2002, many observersspoke of a long-term rift between these longstanding allies and atotal loss of credibility on both sides. No one can doubt, regardlessof recent healing overtures,1 that the German-American partnershiphas been altered and significantly weakened. It has suffered a blowfar more damaging than those that accompanied past conflicts over,for example, Ostpolitik, the neutron bomb, the Soviet gas pipeline,the flow of high technology products to the Soviet Union, the impositionof trade sanctions in 1980 against the military government inPoland, the stationing in the late 1970s of middle-range missiles onGerman soil, and the modernization of short-range missiles in 1989.
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Panibratov, Andrei. "Cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals." Journal of Organizational Change Management 30, no. 7 (November 13, 2017): 1109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2016-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify key factors that influence the integration process in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) deals of emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs). The research questions are: how national and organizational culture coupled with other organizational characteristics influence M&A deals of EMNEs? Which factors influence the process of cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals, initiated by EMNEs? What is the effect and consequences that different integration factors have on cross-border M&A deals by EMNEs? Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a multiple case study research, considering cross-border deals of Chinese and Russian firms separately. Each block consists of two cases, describing M&A integration of companies operating in two sectors: high technology and finance. The authors obtained the data for case studies from companies’ official websites, annual reports, press releases, other official documents where companies were mentioned, business-media sources (newspapers and magazines), published interviews, documented speeches, letters, laws, as well as through blogs and social networks. The authors have also used the published information from articles, books, databases, and previously conducted case studies. Findings The authors have identified the factors influencing deals’ results of Chinese and Russian MNEs, with explanation based on case studies’ analysis. The full list of factors is presented in Table IV in the manuscript. The authors have also identified the set of elements that were derived from the case studies’ analysis only, without having any strong support in the literature, such as changes at a senior management level, educational and business exchanges, CSR policy, and the government involvement. Originality/value The authors have identified the key factors that influence integration of emerging market firms in cross-border M&A deal. The list of factors was adjusted and actualized in accordance with the results of four cases of cross-border M&A deals of Chinese or Russian companies. As a result, the authors founded the combination of characteristics of cultural and organizational integration process of firms from China and Russia.
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Ritchie, Christine S., and Christopher S. Dennis. "Research Challenges to Recruitment and Retention in a Study of Homebound Older Adults: Lessons Learned From the Nutritional and Dental Screening Program." Care Management Journals 1, no. 1 (January 1999): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.1.1.55.
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This paper attempts to describe the many reasons why it is difficult to recruit homebound older adults to participate in research studies. The reasons, not surprisingly, are more practical than theoretical. Complicated procedures for participants to follow, cross-cultural communication, fear of the medical establishment, convoluted consent forms, making contact on the telephone, finding the participants’ homes, and a host of other nagging problems combine to erect enormous barriers to running successful studies. It is our hope that in identifying these difficulties we will also shed light on how to design studies that minimize their impact.