Journal articles on the topic 'Telecommunication – France'
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Tuğrul, Nisa Özge Önal, Cennet Başer, Esra Ergün, Kamil Karaçuha, Vasil Tabatadze, Sebahattin Eker, Ertuğrul Karaçuha, and Kevser Şimşek. "Modeling of Mobile and Fixed Broadband Subscriptions of Countries with Fractional Calculus." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2022-0001.
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Abstract Today, operators have become the resource of telecommunications data. Therefore, knowledge about subscriptions is easily available for most countries. In recent years, high-speed mobile internet access subscriptions are also increasing rapidly. There are two important subscriptions reviewed by The International Telecommunication Union (ITU): mobile broadband (MBB) subscriptions and Fixed broadband (FBB) subscriptions. In this study, we proposed an original mathematical model employing the fractional analysis theory and evaluate its validity by modeling the mobile broadband and fixed broadband subscriptions of six countries including France, Italy, Turkey, Germany, Spain, and the U.K. Later, we compared the Fractional Model we developed with the Polynomial Model. The results show that the Fractional Model is superior to the conventional Polynomial Model in modeling broadband subscriptions. For all selected countries, our proposed Fractional approach outperforms conventional polynomial regression. For all investigation categories, on average, the fractional approach works better by at least 10% and at most 30%.
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Teissier, Pierre. "The Exotic Glasses of Rennes (France: Local Knowledge-Making in Global Telecommunication." Cahiers François Viète, no. III-2 (June 1, 2017): 117–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cahierscfv.810.
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Amintas, Alain, and Thibault de Swarte. "The Internet age and the role of telecommunication operators: the case of France Telecom." International Journal of Technology Management 20, no. 1/2 (2000): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2000.002852.
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Amintas, Alain, and Thibault de Swarte. "The internet age and the role of telecommunication operators: the case of France Telecom." International Journal of Services Technology and Management 2, no. 3/4 (2001): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijstm.2001.001600.
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Doerenbecher, Alexis, and Jean-François Mahfouf. "Impact of additional AMDAR data in the AROME-France model during May 2017." Advances in Science and Research 16 (September 5, 2019): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-215-2019.
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Abstract. From 1 May 2017 until 15 June 2017, the E-AMDAR operational service from EUMETNET disseminated more commercial aircraft data than usual on the Global Telecommunication System (GTS). Météo-France specifically requested the implementation of such a trial. It lead to an increase in the number of aircraft data over France, especially vertical profiles (ascents and descents). Though Météo-France routinely buys additional data with respect to the basic E-AMDAR service, this trial aimed at assessing the potential of French airlines to produce further data in collaboration with E-AMDAR and yield an observation network as dense as possible. This was the opportunity to check the impact of these additional data on forecast skill scores of the limited area and convective scale model AROME-France. A data denial experiment (OSE) was carried out on May 2017, by removing E-AMDAR profiles (about 14 % of data) to mimic the routine observing system. The reference was the operational AROME-France 3D-Var that assimilated all extra data in real-time. However, no dedicated flag allowed to distinguish supplementary data from routine ones. Therefore, a necessary step of the experimental methodology was to identify which data profile could be considered as supplementary. The examination of forecast skill scores from the denial experiment showed that the impact of the removal of the additional observations is rather small and mixed, depending upon the parameter of interest, the atmospheric level, and the forecast range. The case studies done did not exhibit any particular additional skill for the suite with augmented observations. The experimental set-up is described and the results are discussed on the basis of forecast scores, including precipitation scores. Finally, a number of recommendations are given for a more optimal assimilation of AMDAR data in the AROME-France model.
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Demidovich, Valeria A. "Analysis of the criminal legislation of France, England and Spain about responsibility for lecherous actions." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 27, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-4-186-191.
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The purpose of this article is to analyse the existing legal regulation of acts that are part of the crime under Art. 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in the criminal legislation of foreign countries. This analysis is aimed at improving Russian legislation in terms of counteracting the commission of these crimes. The author outlines the problem of qualifying lecherous actions both in Russian and foreign legislation. The category of “lecherous acts” in the understanding of Russian legislation and its correlation with similar acts in foreign countries has been investigated. The legislative and practical experience of England, Spain and France in this area is analysed, the advantages and disadvantages of the legal regulation of lecherous actions are highlighted. Positive experience is presented as proposals for optimising Russian legislation providing for liability for lecherous acts, it is proposed to give a legal assessment of the acts provided for Art. 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, committed with the use of telecommunication networks by persons who are legal representatives of minors, as well as persons whose job responsibilities include providing care, upbringing and rendering educational services, since the commission of a crime under Art. 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in these conditions is a greater public danger.
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Dahman, Isabelle, Philippe Arbogast, Nicolas Jeannin, and Bouchra Benammar. "Rain attenuation prediction model for satellite communications based on the Météo-France ensemble prediction system PEARP." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 3327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3327-2018.
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Abstract. This paper presents an example of the usage of ensemble weather forecasting for the control of satellite-based communication systems. Satellite communication systems become increasingly sensitive to weather conditions as their operating frequency increases to avoid electromagnetic spectrum congestion and enhance their capacity. In the microwave domain, electromagnetic waves that are conveying information are attenuated between the satellite and Earth terminals in the presence of hydrometeors (mostly rain drops and more marginally cloud droplets). To maintain a reasonable level of service availability, even with adverse weather conditions considering the scarcity of amplification power in spacecraft, fade mitigation techniques have been developed. The general idea behind those fade mitigation techniques is to reroute, change the characteristics or reschedule the transmission in the case of too-significant propagation impairments. For some systems, a scheduling on how to use those mechanisms some hours in advance is required, making assumptions on the future weather conditions affecting the link. To this aim the use of weather forecast data to control the attenuation compensation mechanisms seems of particular interest to maximize the performances of the communication links and hence of the associated economic value. A model to forecast the attenuation on the link based on forecasted rainfall amounts from deterministic or ensemble weather forecasting is presented and validated. In a second phase, the model's application to a simplified telecommunication system allows us to demonstrate the valuable contribution of weather forecasting in the system's availability optimization or in the system's throughput optimization. The benefit of using ensemble forecasts rather than deterministic ones is demonstrated as well.
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Lodkina, Tamara V., and Elena F. Volokitina. "PROJECT AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF RURAL SCHOOLS AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE IN THE FORMAT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION." Pedagogy of Rural School 5, no. 3 (2020): 52–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2686-8652-2020-3-5-52-76.
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The article examines the experience of implementing international educational telecommunication language projects «Friendship Bridge (Pont de l'amitié) Russia – France» and «Friendship Bridge (Lilian and Abraham Memorial Academy) Russia – Africa», organized in a remote format by Ogarkovo Secondary School named after M. G. Lobytov of the Vologda Municipal District of the Vologda region, which has the status of the innovative state platform. International educational telecommunications language projects act as tools for modernizing the educational process, ensuring the implementation of a personal-oriented paradigm of education. Several individual educational and research projects of students related to country studies, local history topics are also presented. Participation in projects with the help of specialized information and educational environment created, based on means of information exchange at a distance, makes it possible for students to perceive a foreign language not just as a school subject, but as a means of real communication, a means of obtaining information, free conversation at a distance with a friend, acquaintance with the cultures of other countries. They gain selfconfidence, experience positive emotions from the opportunity to use the latest achievements of modern technology and information resources. At the same time, the role of the teacher in the new information environment remains leading. It is shown that the experience of international cooperation is the basis for the formation of the intercultural competence and tolerant consciousness. And it is clear from our experience, design and research activities contribute to the development of critical thinking, increased interest in the study of foreign languages, awareness of the need to engage in selfeducation, the formation of skills to design knowledge independently, predict, navigate in the information space, see the possible consequences of different solutions. The inclusion of schoolchildren in active creative, independent activities based on project research is one of the ways to form the skills to conduct scientific search and develop their research abilities. Students, having mastered new educational technologies, more widely disclose their potential for communicative foreign-language development as a subject in mastering a foreign language.
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Willemot, Yves. "De Gaulles “Communaute”. Een Brug van Kolonialisme Naar Paternalisme in Afrika." Afrika Focus 4, no. 3-4 (January 15, 1988): 119–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0040304004.
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De Gaulles “Communaute”. A Bridge from Colonialism to Paternalism in Afrika. The importance of the French-African Communauté is more than just historical. Indeed, the present French-African relationship is not completely understandable without a knowledge of the Community, which was created by the constitution of the fifth French Republic (1958). President de Gaulle, who was its inspirator, realised that in the changing world the relationship between France and its colonial territories had to be adapted. The French-African Community was a federal structure in which the French-speaking territories south of the Sahara became autonomous republics. Yet their autonomy was substantially restricted: foreign affairs, defense, the economic and financial policy, justice, higher education, the policy concerning raw materials (e.g. uranium and oil), and the organisation of international transport and telecommunication were reserved for the federal institutions. Although four institutions were created within the Community (the Presidency, the Executive Board, the Senate and the Court of Arbitration), only the Presidency had real power: the exclusive legislative and executive competence in all Community matters. The function of Community President was reserved for the French President. Therefore it can undoubtedly be said that the French-African Community was not a genuine federal structure, but merely a constitutional arrangement which ensured France the exclusive control over its former African colonies. The African political leaders were also aware of this and claimed the abolition of the French-African Community. Using the possibility for change, provided by the 78th article of the constitution, they demanded independence by the transfer of all reserved competences (1960). In order to avoid any rupture, France accepted on the condition that bilateral cooperation agreements would be signed simultaneously. These agreements, which were revised halfway the seventies and which are still in force today, provide France with an unique position in Africa. No former metropole has a comparable influence in Africa. Besides, the French-African Conference, which is organised anually since 1973, gives France an excellent forum to influence and control the policy of African states. At this Conference almost every former French colonie in Africa is present, some Belgian, British, Spanish and Portuguese territories participate as well. Moreover, the cooperation agreements explicitly allow France to maintain large troups in Africa and to give support by military intervention whenever it is necessary. France's strict control over one of the most important attributes of state sovereignity, namely defense, increases largely the already acuted dependency on Paris. Yet, the economic position of most of the former French colonies and territories in Africa is the best illustration of their present dependence. Still today more than 40% of their trade is realised with the former metropole (export: raw materials; import: finished goods). Moreover, most of them are members of the so-called “zone franc”, a monetary zone which is completely controlled by the French authorities. The good relationship between France and Africa remained as a result of which extensive bilateral cooperation agreements could be signed within the framework of the French-African Community. This continuity has always been one of the main characteristics of the French policy in Africa.
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Kabaklarli, Esra, Fatih Mangir, and Bansi Sawhney. "Impact of Infrastructure on Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach Using PMG Estimator." International Review of Business and Economics 2, no. 2 (2018): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.2.
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Growth theory asserts that infrastructure investments promote economic growth by improving the quality of life and increasing private sector productivity . Transport services, water utility services and telecommunication services provide better facilities to attract FDI (foreign direct investment) and increase productivity across sectors. The aim of this article is to analyze whether transport infrastructure investments have a strong effect on the economic growth. It also attempts to analyze the differential impact of each type of infrastructural spending on economic growth. Our data set covers annual data from 1993 to 2015 period for 15 OECD countries (Austria, Turkey, Czech Republic, Spain, Finland, Japan, Germany, Ireland, Italy, France, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, U.K) and China. In this study, we employ a Pool Mean Group (PMG) estimator to find long run and short run relations between the variables. Output elasticity of air transport is found to be positive and significant at five percent level and there exists a long run relationship between GDP per capita and other explanatory variables such as transport infrastructure indicators, gross capital formation and labor force. The crowding- out hypothesis is also supported by coefficients on county specific results. Our data set includes infrastructure variables such as Railways, (million passenger-km), Air transport, (freight, million ton-km), Individuals using the Internet (% of population).
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Gavrik, R. "On the prospects of introduction of electronic voting in Ukraine in the context of implementation of the concept of development of electronic democracy and digitalization." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 70 (June 18, 2022): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.70.45.
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In a scientific article, the author conducted a scientific study of the prospects for the introduction of electronic voting in Ukraine in the context of the concept of e-democracy and digitalization. Based on the study, the author concluded that the legal basis for the introduction of electronic voting in Ukraine is the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of November 8, 2017 № 797-r, which approved the Concept of e-democracy in Ukraine and action plan for its implementation. also the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of June 12, 2019 № 405-r, which approved the action plan for the implementation of this Concept for 2019- 2020. Despite the fact that these documents provided for the development and submission to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of the draft Law of Ukraine “On Electronic Voting” in the third quarter of 2020, but so far this bill has not been developed. On the other hand, the Law of Ukraine “On the All-Ukrainian Referendum” was adopted, which establishes the possibility of using electronic voting, which should be carried out by means of an automated information and telecommunication system. Based on the content of the adopted law, the technology of e-voting in Ukraine remains unclear, but it is possible to use the experience of Estonia, Switzerland or France, which successfully use e-voting during elections and referendums. There are currently no documents concerning the introduction of electronic voting in the elections of the President of Ukraine, People’s Deputies of Ukraine and local elections. The application of the e-voting system in Ukraine through the use of the Estonian experience will increase the opportunities for more voters to vote, for whom a direct visit to the polling station was problematic; eliminate the human factor in the processing and counting of votes, as this counting will be automated; speed up the counting process. At the same time, given the current threats to cybersecurity and the possibility of unauthorized interference in the work of automated information and telecommunications systems, there may be threats of interference in the process of processing the election results
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Lakshman, C., Kubilay Gok, and Linh Chi Vo. "Managerial assignments of credit and blame: a five-country study of leadership desirability." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 25, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 741–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-04-2017-0046.
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Purpose Although the international business literature has examined leader traits that are desirable in different cultures, it has not examined critical behaviors or managerial attributions of credit and blame. Credit and blame attributions have important consequences for the desirability of leadership across cultures. Arguing that these types of managerial attributions are likely to have a strong impact on what constitutes desirable leadership; the authors examine them in five countries, namely, USA, France, India, Turkey and Vietnam. The purpose of this paper is to contribute by examining the influence of credit and blame attributions on subordinate satisfaction and leadership perceptions (desirability), unaddressed in the literature. Design/methodology/approach The model was tested using questionnaire responses of subordinates in a variety of business organizations, from the five countries indicated, including manufacturing, telecommunication, financial and other services. Findings Using the implicit leadership theory, the authors contribute by demonstrating the importance of these attributions for leadership perceptions in five different cultures. The results are supportive of the hypotheses and suggest the important moderating role of subordinate performance for leadership perceptions. The authors discuss findings in the context of the literature, highlight contributions and identify limitations and future directions. Originality/value Using the implicit leadership theory, the authors contribute by demonstrating the importance of these attributions for leadership perceptions in five different cultures.
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Tydykova, N. V. "A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROVISIONS CRIMINALIZING SEXUAL CRIMES IN RUSSIA AND SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Russian-Asian Legal Journal, no. 4 (February 3, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ralj(2019)4.10.
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The article is devoted to a comparative legal study of the norms providing for criminal liability for sexualcrimes in the Russian Federation and some European countries. Some features of criminal liability for thisgroup of crimes in Spain, France, Israel, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland are investigated. It is noted that theapproach to differentiation for violent sexual crimes in different countries is different. Several qualifyingcircumstances were noted that could be borrowed to improve our legislation. These include: the commissionof the alleged assault, by a relative, relative or relative by virtue of adoption, or by any other person havingauthority over the victim; if the victim has come into contact with the perpetrator of criminal acts throughthe use of telecommunication networks; if the act is committed by several persons acting as performersor accomplices; using his official position. The rule that if two or more of the qualifying circumstances arepresent is assessed, the penalty is imposed closer to the upper limit of the sanction. It is proposed to carry out an additional analysis of the ban on disclosing the person’s name or any other data that may indicatethe person as a victim or as having lodged a complaint that he is a victim of a crime against sexual freedomor sexual integrity. Attention is also drawn to sanctions for the group of crimes under consideration. In theRussian criminal law they are more humane than in foreign countrie
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Coustel, Jean Pierre. "Telecommunications services in France." Telecommunications Policy 10, no. 3 (September 1986): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(86)90032-7.
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Olive, Xavier. "FDI(R) for satellites: How to deal with high availability and robustness in the space domain?" International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-012-0007-8.
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FDI(R) for satellites: How to deal with high availability and robustness in the space domain?The European leader for satellite systems and at the forefront of orbital infrastructures, Thales Alenia Space, is a joint venture between Thales (67%) and Finmeccanica (33%) and forms with Telespazio a Space Alliance. Thales Alenia Space is a worldwide reference in telecoms, radar and optical Earth observation, defence and security, navigation and science. It has 11 industrial sites in 4 European countries (France, Italy, Spain and Belgium) with over 7200 employees worldwide. Satellite evolution and the wish to design more autonomous missions imply the enhancement of the satellite architecture and special attention paid to fault management (i.e., Fault Detection, Isolation and Recovery, or FDIR, in space). Nevertheless, the constraints on FDIR techniques and strategies remain the same as for standard missions: robustness, reactive detection, quick isolation/identification and validation. This paper gives an introduction to Fault Tolerance (FT) in the space domain and some principles for the coming FT architectures. The current context of FDIR is presented by describing the approach implemented on telecommunication satellites and, more precisely, on one of the most FDIR sensible subsystems: the AOCS (Attitude and Orbit Control System). Following the current state of FDIR in the space domain, some perspectives are given such as a centralized distributed FDIR strategy for the next generation of autonomous satellites as well as some research tracks and hybrid diagnosis.
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Whalley, Jason, and Peter Curwen. "Altice: creating a complex and constantly evolving empire." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 20, no. 6 (September 10, 2018): 545–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-04-2018-0016.
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Purpose This paper aims to shed light on the development of Altice, a French-based but multinational operator of cable and mobile networks. Design/methodology/approach A detailed longitudinal case study approach is adopted covering the period 2002 to 2018 (inclusive). Data are drawn from multiple sources, including the annual reports of Altice, its filings with the Securities & Exchange Commission, the prospectuses of Altice S.A. and Altice USA and the trade press. Findings The paper demonstrates how, until recently, Altice’s presence in France was relatively limited. This changed, however, with the acquisition of Numericable and SFR. These purchases, along with those of Suddenlink and Cablevision in the USA, were funded by a substantial increase in Altice’s debt burden. To address the negative consequences of this burden, Altice has retrenched through selling or planning to sell some of its operations and spinning-off Altice USA to its existing shareholders. Research limitations/implications The paper highlights the complexity of multinational telecommunication companies. The challenges of developing a longitudinal case study of a company that operates in multiple countries through cascading holding companies is also illustrated by the paper. Practical implications There is a need for more data to be available in the public domain. This will, amongst other things, facilitate the analysis of companies like Altice that operate internationally and bundle products together to enhance their competitiveness. Originality/value This paper charts the growth of Altice, highlighting the role played by frequent merger and acquisition activity and debt in shaping its development and strategy.
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Lewandowski, Maciej, Pawel Mlodkowski, and Marek Wróbel. "DIGITAL PLATFORMS FOR POSTAL SERVICES IN EU AND JAPAN." European Integration Studies, no. 13 (October 29, 2019): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.13.22897.
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This paper offers a biased review of digital platforms introduced recently and operated by national posts in several European Union countries. Authors chose the most interesting cases, including those deemed as most successful, those that failed, and the most modern ones. The paper compares diverse European experience with modern solutions introduced by the Japan Post. Methods used for delivering the study included direct interviews with Japan Post officials and systematic review of official documents and announcements by national post operators in European countries covered bin the paper. European Union Member States, and their national postal operators seem to be well ahead of Japan in the way modern technology is utilized in the process of providing traditional (and new) postal services. Paper makes an attempt to show how representative national postal operators benefit from advanced Information and Telecommunication technology and by replacing the manner in which postal services are rendered. There are numerous successful cases of digital platform implementation, like those from Denmark, France, Czech Republic, and Poland, among others. One will find interesting insight into reasons for failed case from Italy among conclusions, at the end of the paper. Environmental issues are also addressed, along with e-government issues. It happens that European Union postal operators optimize their operations with modern technology in the form of digital platforms in a much wider scope than the Japan Post. Japanese organizations deal with extremely challenging geographic conditions. This, in turn, should motivate much more advanced optimization by the means of solutions enabled by digital platforms.
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Garcon, Francois, and Catherine Bertho. "Histoire des telecommunications en France." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no. 7 (July 1985): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3769960.
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Berne, Michel. "Telecommunications universal service in France." info 10, no. 5/6 (August 15, 2008): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690810904760.
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Lytel, David. "The Telecommunications Picture in France." Brookings Review 11, no. 1 (1993): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20080369.
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Rumin, Rafał, Kamil Kozioł, and Joanna Polak. "Impact of Creating Evacuate Tube Transportation Technology for Connecting European Union and China." Confrontation and Cooperation: 1000 Years of Polish-German-Russian Relations 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/conc-2018-0001.
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Abstract The article presents an economic potential of the trade exchange between China and European Union using the new type of transport – basing on vacuum trains. This technology bases on transporting goods in a capsule. The capsule is moving inside an airtight tube, where the air pressure is decreased to about 100Pa. Owing to the low pressure, an air friction value is very low too, what is enabling to move the capsule inside the tube without meaningful energy loss from the air friction. The transport will provide a very fast and economical shipping of goods between China and Europe. It is expected, that the capsules can reach the speed about 1000 km/h. Taking all these factors into account, there are new opportunities for the trade exchange with China. It applies especially to the transshipment- industrial districts like Sichuan, Yunnan, Kweichow, and the Chongqing city. The potential of these provinces is a population about 200 millions people, a territory which is twice the size of France and quick economic growth – about 10%. In 2016, the train from Chengdu to Łódź have left 463 times, in 2017 there are 1000 trains planned. The economy of Sichuan is basing on: agriculture, hydropower, big resources of natural gas, heavy industry, and electronics. In Chongqing, there are mainly: automotive, heavy industry, electronics, and chemical industry. In Yunnan dominate agricultural processing, natural resources, and heavy industry. From the viewpoint of polish business, the Sichuan province and the Chongqing city are especially noteworthy. These two are firstly making use of developing Chinese economy. They are also contributing to the „New Silk Road” – OBOR project (One Belt and One Road Initiative) and aspiring to become the trade, financial, scientific-technological and telecommunication-transport center.
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Rumin, Rafał, Kamil Kozioł, Joanna Polak, Paweł Hyla, and Jędrzej Blaut. "Analysis of time of intermodal container transport from China to the EU by means of Hyperloop technology." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2019): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.084.
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The article presents the economic potential of trade between China and the European Union using a new means of transport - low-pressure railways. The technology is based on the transport of goods in capsules, moving inside a tightly closed tube, in which the pressure is lowered to about 100Pa. Thanks to the low pressure, the resistance of the air inside the tube is also very low, which allows the capsules to move in it without significant energy losses. In the future, this will make it possible to transport goods very quickly and economically between China and Europe. It is believed that the capsule will be able to reach a speed of about 1000km/h. Based on these assumptions, there are new prospects for Europe's trade with China. This applies in particular to industrial and transhipment districts such as Sinchuan, Yunnan, Kweichow and Chongqing. These regions have a population of 200 million, a territory twice as large as France, and rapid economic growth of around 10%. In 2016, the train from Cheng to Łódź set off 463 times, while in 2017 there were already about 1000 chickens. The economy of Sinchuan is mainly based on: The economy of Sinchuan is mainly based on: agriculture, hydroelectricity, large gas resources, heavy industry and electronics. Chongqing's economy is based on: The Chongqing economy is based on: automotive, heavy industry, electronics and chemical industry. Yunnan is dominated by agricultural processing, natural resources and heavy industry. The Sinchuan and Chongqing districts deserve the most attention from the point of view of Polish interests. They benefit most from the development of the Chinese economy. They also co-create the New Silk Road - the OBOR (One Belt One Road) project and aspire to become a commercial, financial, technological, scientific and telecommunication and transport centre of the world..
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Kim, Dong-Kun. "Issues of Privatizing Public Enterprise in the Telecommunications Sector in Korea." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 4 (December 31, 1989): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps04007.
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There has been a change in attitudes toward public enterprises around the world in recent years. In Western Europe, the United Kingdom and France have set out to privatize public enterprises on a large scale. While many of developing countries have considered public enterprise as the mainstay of economic development, there has been also an increasing disillusionment with public enterprise and proposals have been made for privatization in various areas. This paper attempts to describe the economic role of public enterprise and explain the general reasons for privatizing public enterprise in the developing countries. And this paper attempts to draw some issues involved in the privatization of public enterprise, particularly considering the case of telecommunications sector in Korea. Future prospects are briefly mentioned as conclusion.
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Vysochyna, Alina, Volodymyr Semenov, and Kostiantyn Kyrychenko. "Marketing and management of innovations in public governance as core determinants of trust." Marketing and Management of Innovations 5, no. 2 (2021): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2021.2-17.
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Public governance significantly transformed over the last several decades that is determined by numerous external and internal factors. Digitalization of social and economic relations results in the appearance and implementation of a new kind of innovation in public management – e-governance. Therefore, developing the marketing and management strategy of such innovation as e-governance is considered a necessary precondition for trust in government. The paper aims to determine the impact of e-governance on trust in government and the development of recommendations on marketing and management of it. In the paper, the authors systematized main national and foreign approaches to measuring e-governance efficiency both at the level of central and sub-central governments. It is also realized a bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer v.1.6.16 to identify key contextual directions of scientific research on e-governance, marketing, and management and clarify its intercepts. The paper has developed a scientific hypothesis about the positive influence of e-governance on central and sub-central government brands and citizens' loyalty. To test this hypothesis, a panel data regression analysis was realized using Stata 12/SE software. In the regression model as a proxy of e-governance efficiency (independent variable), an E-Government Development Index (EGDI) is chosen, which is a composite indicator of three indices such as online service index, telecommunication index, and human capital index. It is chosen as a proxy central and sub-central government brand and citizens' loyalty (dependent variable), an indicator of Trust in Government that is calculated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and refers to the share of people who report having confidence in the national government. Besides, the regression model includes a sample of control variables such as Worldwide Governance Indicators. The country sample consists of 19 OECD member states (European countries): Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Sweden, Great Britain, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Slovenia. 2008-2020 (specifically, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020). Under the bibliometric and regression analysis results, a set of practical recommendations on the perspectives of central and sub-central governments' marketing and management of e-governance
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Prat, Sebastien S., and Robert Courtois. "Benefits and limitations of implementing videoconferencing for forensic psychiatry assessment in France." International Journal of Risk and Recovery 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijrr.v1i1.3327.
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Telemedicine has been successfully used for many years in North America for the purpose of conducting forensic assessments. France, however, has not yet implemented this potentially useful tool. French forensic psychiatry could get inspired by this success in order to improve the practice of court ordered psychiatric assessments. In this article, we address the benefits and limitations of videoconferencing in the field of forensic psychiatry. Using these new means of telecommunications could help solve some of the issues encountered in France. (article in French)
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Navío-Marco, Julio, Silvia Serrano Calle, and Marta Solórzano-García. "Glamorous Acquisitions in Telecommunications after the Market Liberalisation: Success or Failure?" Journal of Business Accounting and Finance Perspectives 2, no. 3 (August 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35995/jbafp2030020.
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The academic literature indicates that “glamour” influences the investor’s behaviour. This article analyses the performance and value creation of the glamorous operations of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the telecommunications sector, trying to understand if these operations are conducive to stockholder wealth maximization. To conduct this analysis, the telecommunications M&A that occurred in the convulsed period of the internet bubble were counted as samples (1995–2010). The research concludes that glamour tends to be opposite to value creation in the long run: the glamour firms show significant value destruction and worse performance than non-glamour firms. Certain acquirers’ characteristics, such as size, are determinant in the glamour behaviour. This paper combats the shortage of research of a quantitative sectoral nature on telecommunications M&As, when leading international companies like Vodafone, Cable and Wireless, France Telecom or Telecom Italia are very active in this kind of operations.
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Bastian, M., M. Boisseau, R. Cohendet, A. Croisier, C. Galand, E. Gorog, P. Hernandez, et al. "IBM France La Gaude Laboratory Contributions to Telecommunications: Part 1." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 31, no. 2 (April 2009): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2009.28.
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Bastian, Michel, Marc Boisseau, Robert Cohendet, Alain Croisier, Claude Galand, Etienne Gorog, Philippe Hernandez, et al. "IBM France La Gaude Laboratory Contributions to Telecommunications: Part 2." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 31, no. 2 (April 2009): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2009.29.
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Maital, Shlomo. "The Global Telecommunications Picture: Is America Being Outstripped? By France?" Brookings Review 10, no. 3 (1992): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20080317.
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이성기. "A Comparative Study on the Legal Obligation of the Telecommunication Operators in Providing Investigation Authorities with Communication Confirmation Data & Communication Data: Focused on a Comparative Study on the Related Acts of the U.S., the U.K., Germany, France, and Japan." Journal of Law and Politics research 14, no. 1 (March 2014): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17926/kaolp.2014.14.1.43.
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Powell, Steven R. "On the Internationalization of the Wireless Telecommunications Industry." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 1, no. 4 (October 2009): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitn.2009092802.
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Companies can benefit from diversifying internationally. This article analyzes the internationalization efforts of six major European wireless telecommunications service providers: Telefonica, Deutsche Telekom, France Telecom, Vodafone, Telenor and TeliaSonera. Although all six companies have invested heavily in foreign markets, their internationalization paths have not been the same, resulting in foreign market portfolios with different characteristics. Utilizing a proportionate customer weighting scheme based on the number of subscribers controlled by a company in each market, the article examines how the companies compared in 2007 versus 2002 in their extent and scope of internationalization and in the attractiveness of their foreign market portfolios with respect to some key growth, profitability, and risk market characteristics.
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Zahariadis, Nikolaos. "To Sell or Not to Sell? Telecommunications Policy in Britain and France." Journal of Public Policy 12, no. 4 (October 1992): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00005614.
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ABSTRACTUsing Kingdon's agenda setting model and broadening it to the entire policy formation process, I offer an explanation of why the British privatised their telecommunications authority but the French did not. Privatisation is brought about by coupling three streams or factors in critical moments in time: available alternatives generated in policy communities, high government borrowing needs, and party politics. The findings illuminate the usefulness of Kingdon's model beyond its original application in the United States, and have implications for broader theoretical debates in comparative policy research.
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D'Cruz, Joseph R., and Alan M. Rugman. "The five partners model: France Telecom, Alcatel, and the global telecommunications industry." European Management Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1994): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-2373(94)90047-7.
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Morgan, Kevin, and Douglas Webber. "Divergent paths: Political strategies for telecommunications in Britain, France and West Germany." West European Politics 9, no. 4 (October 1986): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402388608424599.
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Bartle, Ian. "When Institutions No Longer Matter: Reform of Telecommunications and Electricity in Germany, France and Britain." Journal of Public Policy 22, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x02001010.
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Many studies of privatisation and liberalisation in utility industries stress the importance of national institutions for reform. However, powerful transnational forces and cross-national policy convergence in telecommunications have led to a questioning of the role of institutions. Single sector studies are limited in their ability to assess the relative influence of sector-specific technical and economic forces in the policy process. This article presents a cross-sectoral and cross-national analysis of privatisation and liberalisation in telecommunications and electricity in Germany, France and Britain in terms of national institutions, techno-economic forces and ideas. Although institutions shape shorter-term policy responses and the emerging regulatory regimes, in the longer term their role is limited to the pace and timing of policy change rather than its impetus and direction. To understand the latter it is necessary to investigate sources of the key ideas which led to reform. The ideas were not embedded within institutions but originated from outside as a response of interests to techno-economic forces and from groups ideologically predisposed to favouring neo-liberal ideas.
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Mishra, Bikash Ranjan, and Pabitra Kumar Jena. "Bilateral FDI flows in four major Asian economies: a gravity model analysis." Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-07-2017-0169.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows from some leading developed countries (the USA, Japan, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and France) into major four Asian economies (China, Korea, India and Singapore).Design/methodology/approachUsing one basic and four augmented versions of gravity model technique, the authors tried to examine the determinants of bilateral FDI flows in four major Asian economies. The study used World Development Indicators, CEPII, KOF and Heritage Foundation data for period 2001–2012.FindingsThe results revealed that besides the market size for host and source country, other criteria such as distance, common language and common border also influence foreign investors. Other macroeconomic factors such as inflation rate and real interest rate are among the key factors that attract more FDI. In addition to economic factors, institutional and infrastructural factors such as telecommunication, degree of openness, index of globalisation and index of economic freedom also stimulate the international investors from the developed world to the major Asian countries.Research limitations/implicationsIt is altogether possible that only a set of home country specific characteristics or host country specific characteristics does not matter when determining FDI. Most empirical studies using indices such as the index of globalisation and economic freedom are subject to certain methodological limitations such as model selection, parameter heterogeneity, outliers and moral hazard.Practical implicationsMore distance between the host and source country would result in less FDI flows due to more managerial and raw material supply chain cost. Similarly, more gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita income (PCI) are leading to more FDI flows into Asian economics. Therefore, major Asian economies should frame their economic policies in such a manner where these counties can strengthen their GDP as well as PCI. Furthermore, above countries should open its economy more and more for better FDI flows as it seems that economic globalisation and economic freedom are major determinants of bilateral FDI flows. The negative impact of inflation and interest rate should be controlled.Social implicationsFrom policy perspective, higher scores of economic, social and political globalisation also attract high FDI to the host country. On the same line higher scores in economic freedom mean that less restrictions in terms of economic policies and the policy environment are conducive for free trade and resource transfers. Higher scores in trade freedom, investment freedom and freedom from corruptions also show more developed and conducive policy environment. In the same reasoning higher scores in the composite index of economic freedom which takes information from trade freedom, investment freedom and freedom from corruption and others also encourage flow of FDI in to the host country.Originality/valueThis is the first paper which combines the globalisation index, economic freedom index and distance along with some major macroeconomic variables.
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Headrick, Daniel R. "Entreprise, technologie et souverainete: Les telecommunications transatlantiques de la France, XIXe-XXe siecles (review)." Technology and Culture 40, no. 1 (1999): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.1999.0013.
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Bellantuono, Giuseppe. "Public and Private Enforcement of European Private Law in the Energy and Telecommunications Sectors." European Review of Private Law 23, Issue 4 (August 1, 2015): 649–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2015041.
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Abstract: This article explores the dynamics of public and private enforcement in the EU energy and telecommunications sectors. Both sectors ask for analyses that take into account the availability of multiple enforcement avenues and the need to coordinate different enforcement levels. Drawing on examples from four EU countries (France, Germany, Italy and United Kingdom), the article describes enforcement mechanisms for network access and consumer disputes. The main conclusion is that the balance between public and private enforcement is largely shaped by the national institutional context. Despite increasing integration of the national energy and telecommunications markets, persisting variation is to be expected on crucial aspects of enforcement mechanisms. Most importantly, the national level affects the interplay between regulatory law and private law, which in turn shapes the content of each type of enforcement mechanism. These developments suggest a new regulatory strategy that acknowledges the sources of national diversity while at the same time increasing the effectiveness of each type of enforcement. Such a strategy should not be pursued through a search for perfect complementarity but through the development of hybrid enforcement mechanisms that minimize the weaknesses on the private and public sides.
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Ziegler, J. Nicholas. "Institutions, Elites, and Technological Change in France and Germany." World Politics 47, no. 3 (April 1995): 341–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100016427.
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Most comparative studies of public strategies for competitiveness focus on the links between public agencies and industrial sectors. This paper argues that the professions—or knowledge-bearing elites—that animate these organizational links are equally significant. For public policies to promote technological advance, the visions and self-images of knowledge-bearing elites are particularly important. By examining administrative and technical elites in France and Germany in the 1980s, the paper identifies characteristics that enable these elites to implement policy in some cases but not in others. France's “state-created” elites were well positioned to initiate and implement large technology projects, such as digitizing the telecommunications network. By contrast, Germany's state-recognized elites were better positioned to facilitate framework-oriented programs aimed at the diffusion of new technologies throughout industry. The linkages between administrative and technical elites also explain why French policymakers had difficulty adapting policy to changing circumstances over time, whereas German policymakers managed in many cases to learn more from previous policy experiences and to adapt subsequent initiatives accordingly.
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Dauncey, Hugh. "France and the Information Superhighway: Making Haste Slowly towards a New Role for the State?" Politics 16, no. 2 (May 1996): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.1996.tb00025.x.
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In the 1970s and 1980s the French state was closely involved in dirigiste policies of technological development in the telecommunications sector, but in the 1990s the challenge of planning France's entry to the Information superhighway is throwing up questions for traditional strategies of organising the production of infrastructures and services. Although official reports on ‘les autoroutes de l'information’ stress the need for immediate action, the complexities of reconciling traditional dirigiste policies with the free-market recommendations of the European Commission and the uncertainties of the Presidential elections of 1995 have hindered France's ability to act quickly.
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Graham, Stephen. "Cities, nations and communications in the global era: Urban telecommunications policies in France and Britain." European Planning Studies 3, no. 3 (September 1995): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654319508720311.
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Klinova, Marina. "The State in Valéry Giscard d'Estaing Economic Policy: Retrospective and Modern Context." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 6 (2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640017200-8.
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In the year of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing’s 95th anniversary and the 40th year of the end of his presidential tenure, it seems relevant to compare the economic situations during the presidential mandates of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Emmanuel Macron. The goal was set against the background of similar negative factors that influenced the implementation of the programmes of both presidents to modernize the economy, show their desire to develop the European superstructure, and ensure France's leading role in Europe. The features of the liberal economic views of Giscard d'Estaing are highlighted and also contrasted with those of his dirigist predecessors. A change in the scale of state intervention in the economy is determined: from a reduction in the last quarter of the 20th century to a new expansion in the 21st century against the backdrop of crises (the global financial crisis of 2007–2008, the European Sovereign Debt Crisis of 2011–2013, and the COVID-19 pandemic) under Macron. The role of the General Planning Commissariat, recreated to determine economic priorities and concentrate resources on key high-tech areas of economic recovery and modernization, with the cooperation of the State and private entrepreneurship, is analyzed. Under Giscard d'Estaing, these sectors were aircraft and engine construction, high-speed rail transport, telecommunications, nuclear power engineering; under Macron – telecommunications, digitalization, energy saving, environmental protection. To conduct their analysis, the authors used both Russian and international memoirs literature, individual and collective monographs, articles in periodicals, official legal and statistical documents. The conclusion is made about a difficult starting situation, without sufficient support in society, when both reformer-presidents embarked on ambitious economic projects; the commitment of both Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Emmanuel Macron to the European idea, combined with the Gaullist conviction that France’s path to greatness lies in economic growth and European integration. The decisive importance of the economic factor for the outcome of the 1981 and the upcoming 2022 presidential elections in France is demonstrated.
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Melot, Michel. "Les bibliotheques d’art en France et les nouvelles technologies de l’image." Art Libraries Journal 15, no. 2 (1990): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200006702.
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In an age in which so much information is communicated through images, libraries can no longer exclude the ‘new technology of the image’. It is essential for libraries to respond to the challenge of the media, and to recognise, for example, the importance of television, which has a very visible and vital presence in the Bibliothèque publique d’information at the Pompidou Centre in Paris. Ever since the invention of photography, France has been the home of a lively tradition of active, innovative interest in photography. This is reflected in the existence of the Centre national de la photographies and the Ecole nationale de la photographie, in collections and exhibitions of photographs, and recently in the use made of videodiscs, by both museums and libraries, as a means of storing images and making them accessible. Telecommunications offer the prospect of online access to a network linking image collections together as a single visual resource. The most serious obstacles to be overcome are neither technological nor financial: the legal question of copyright has to be addressed, while the muted interest of historians does not as yet represent an overwhelming demand for such a service, and much may depend on librarians to stimulate the enthusiasm of potential users.
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Vandeputte-Tavo, Leslie. "New technologies and language shifting in Vanuatu." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.23.1.08van.
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During the last few years, mobile phones and social networks have deeply changed relationships and, insidiously, the use and representations of languages in Vanuatu. In spite of being very recent, it seems that new ways of communication imply changes regarding the various ways of using and adapting languages, amongst which are code-switching and language-shifting. Bislama, the national local lingua franca, is becoming more and more used in phone conversations. Internet and especially social networks (such as Facebook) are revealing new language strategies in social intercourses. This article examines interactions of languages that are mediated through social networks and mobile phone exchanges. More specifically, this paper discusses different language ideologies that are manifest in and deployed over forms of telecommunication.
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Thatcher, Mark. "Varieties of Capitalism in an Internationalized World." Comparative Political Studies 37, no. 7 (September 2004): 751–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414004266868.
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This article examines how internationalization affects domestic decisions about the reform of market institutions. A developing literature argues that nations maintain different “varieties of capitalism” in the face of economic globalization because of diverse domestic settings. However, in an internationalized world, powerful forces for change applying across border scan affect decision making within domestic arenas. The article therefore analyzes how three factors (transnational technological and economic developments, overseas reforms, and European regulation) affected institutional reform in a selected case study of telecommunications regulation in Britain, France, Germany, and Italy between the 1960s and 2002. The author argues that when different forms of internationalization are strong and combined, they can overwhelm institutional inertia and the effects of different national settings to result in rapid change and cross-national convergence in market institutions. Hence different varieties of capitalism may endure only when international pressures are low and/or for limited periods of time.
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Joseph, Richard A. "Direct foreign investment in telecommunications: A review of attitudes in Australia, New Zealand, France, Germany and the UK." Telecommunications Policy 19, no. 5 (July 1995): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(95)00017-z.
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Nelson, W. Todd, Anna L. Langhorne, and David L. Mahaffey. "International Interface Evaluation of a Corporate Web Site: Assessing the Effectiveness of Communicating with Culturally-Diverse Audiences." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 14 (September 2002): 1320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601417.
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In order for international corporations to establish a successful global Web presence, their Web sites must be designed to effectively communicate with culturally-diverse users. Employing a methodology that assesses the extent to which the intended meaning of interface elements (e.g., navigation, graphical elements, and site functionality) are understood by culturally-diverse users, international usability testing of a translated US corporate Web site was conducted in Brazil, France, Spain, and Germany. Participants included professionals from telecommunications, marketing research, and financial services sectors. Results indicated that the site's interface was language- and context-dependent and that it varied across cultures. Primary navigation categories were generally well understood across all cultures; however, the effectiveness of secondary, tertiary, and image-based navigation varied across cultures. Basic search functionality was effective, but advanced search features were less meaningful and culturally-dependent. In addition to presenting research outcomes, the effectiveness of this methodology for international interface evaluations is discussed.
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VLADZYMYRSKYY, ANTON. "«MEDICAL TELEVISION»: HISTORICAL STAGE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN MEDICINE (1930-1960)." History and Modern Perspectives 4, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2022-4-3-115-122.
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In the middle of the 20th century, television technologies found their application in various fields of medical science and practice, in particular in instrumental diagnostics and radiology. Interactive teleconferences have become the technical basis for distant consultations (medical videoconferencing). The emergence of two-way exchange of video and audio information in real time preceded by the period of one-way television communication (so-called «medical television»). Objective: to identify, systematize and comparatively study the patterns of development of scientific and practical knowledge related to the use of one-way television technologies in medicine. The «medical television» used in medicine in the period of 1930-1960s to organize closed (non-public) broadcasts for educational purposes. The use of «medical television» in European countries was discrete. In the United States, the use of «medical television» was purely applied, but it was very large-scale. Television broadcasts have become an indispensable component of professional conferences and congresses. In the USSR, the scientific and technical development of «medical television» followed the path of intrahospital broadcasts only. A distinctive feature was a number of development and research works in the 1950s-1960s for creation of specialized television equipment and the scientific substantiation of the requirements for the parameters of the broadcast image. Developed equipment was mass-produced. The technologies of «medical television» were introduce into the activities of medical educational institutions for the routine teaching of surgical disciplines in the USSR, USA, Great Britain, France, etc.
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Matyushenko, Igor, Kamila Trofimchenko, Valery Ryeznikov, Olha Prokopenko, Serhii Hlibko, and Yuliia Krykhtina. "Innovation and investment mechanism for the formation and implementation of state policy to ensure the technological competitiveness of leading countries and Ukraine in the digital economy." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S4 (November 23, 2021): 1508–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns3.1880.
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The aim of the study is to assess the technological competitiveness of the leading countries and Ukraine as well as the formation of an innovation and investment mechanism to improve it. The article presents the scheme of research of technological competitiveness of the leading countries and Ukraine on the basis of qualitative and economic-statistical analysis, analysis of comparative advantages, grouping method and correlation-regression analysis. Analysis of foreign trade in high-tech products showed that the studied countries occupy more than half of this market. The studied countries take an active part in international economic relations since they have rather high export quotas but the ratio of the export of high-tech goods to GDP is very low. The analysis of comparative advantages showed that Ukraine has the greatest preference for the export of aerospace products, Germany for pharmaceuticals, China for office equipment, the United States for instrument making, and only China for telecommunications. It was determined that France, China, and South Korea have the highest level of innovation in national exports, and Ukraine and the Russian Federation have the lowest.
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Everett, Samuel Sami. "Une Ambiance Diaspora: Continuity and Change in Parisian Maghrebi Imaginaries." Comparative Studies in Society and History 62, no. 1 (January 2020): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417519000434.
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AbstractThis article is an investigation of ethno-commercial exchanges and interactions between Jews and Muslims of North African heritage that takes account of their cross-cultural antecedents and continuities. The ethnographic focus is a telecommunications company called M-Switch located in the Parisian neighborhood of le Sentier, the trajectory of which is part of a broader cultural and economic shift observable in the neighborhood from industry to new technologies. This particular company is a privileged site for witnessing how people work with and across religious differences between Maghrebi Jews and Muslims in France. The ethnography looks at how contemporary, non-nostalgic reconceptualizations of the past are utilized to negotiate an ethnically plural and potentially convivial present. Relationships within the company have a Maghrebi center made up of shared cultural memories, economic interdependency, and changing gender and class relations. More specifically, relationships between Jews and Muslims at M-Switch are often defined by a desire to re-appropriate and adapt a Maghrebi world. This project is complicated by French and geopolitical representations of ethno-religious conflict.