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1
Danyk, Y., and S. Vdovenko. "A CHAIN EFFECTS IN THE CYBER-ACTIONS." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 64 (2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2019/64-08.
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The article presents the results of research on the features of the hybrid war that occurs in Ukraine and other states in cyberspace. Established role and place of chain effects and asymmetric destructive actions in the field of information and cyber security. Due to the fact that at present energy is the basic industry of national economy and national security of any state, the features of complex destructive cyber-, informational and cognitive actions and influences in cyberspace and through cyberspace are considered on the example of the energy sphere taking into account threats, risks and features of cyber-impacts on systems and objects of the critical infrastructure of the fuel and energy complex. The urgency of ensuring energy security of the countries of the world is increasing, as evidenced by the revision of energy development strategies of the European Union, the United States, and other countries. According to the views of a number of domestic and foreign specialists, energy in the field of economics has become an instrument of geopolitics. The level of national security in general, the pace of structural transformation in the economy, the provision of the needs of the population, social production and defense depend to a large extent on its effective, reliable and sustainable functioning. The use of state-of-the-art computer, information-telecommunication and cyber-tech equipment in state critical infrastructure objects requires the implementation and implementation of measures on cyber security, countering cyberterrorism and providing cyber defense. The most important aspects of these influences are identified, approaches are offered for the development of sound organizational and technical measures to ensure the cyber security of society and the state in modern conditions.
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Aledort, Colowick, Hoots, and Dunst. "Economic aspects of haemophilia care in the United States." Haemophilia 5, no. 4 (July 1999): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.1999.00298.x.
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Cooke, P. "Some Spatial Aspects of Regulatory and Technological Change in Telecommunication Industries." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 5 (May 1992): 683–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a240683.
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This paper makes a contribution to the analysis of regulatory change, an aspect of the broader theoretical debate initiated by the ‘regulation school’ of economic theorists and others. Unlike much of that debate this paper is focused on an empirical field—telecommunications deregulation—and on questions of market strategy rather than those purely of production. After an analysis of the nature and rationale for regulation there is a focus upon the political and economic processes leading to deregulation in the telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom and USA. Attention is directed to ‘natural monopoly’ and ‘public service’ rationales for regulation and the importance of spatial issues is noted. The deregulatory climate and its effects upon computing and communication are then traced out and it is shown how corporate activity is tending towards ‘quasi-regulation’ to reduce competitive and market-based uncertainties.
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Lee McKay, Sandra. "Multilingualism in the United States." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 17 (March 1997): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003378.
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The scope of this paper is limited to an overview of mutilingualism in the U.S. from 1980 to the present. During this period, discussions of language diversity in the U.S. have been largely dominated by an effort to exert the hegemony of English. This effort has been brought on by changes in the demographic makeup of the U.S. population and supported by a commonly held belief that the economic strength of the U.S. in the international sphere is declining. A dramatic increase in the number of immigrants from Central and South America and the Pacific Rim, coupled with increasing economic competition from industrialized European and Asian nations, has resulted in widespread support for the exclusive use of English in the U.S. This emphasis on English is seen as a way to minimize the threat of the “foreign” influences that are believed to be undermining both the internal unity of the U.S., and its economic world dominance. Whereas nativism is nothing new in the U.S., its current intensity has been fueled by global aspects of migration and economic trade.
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MAKUSHINA, Elena Yu, Dar'ya M. KARMANOVA, and Aleksei S. KUCHER. "Tax reform initiated by D. Trump: Economic and social aspects." Finance and Credit 27, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 693–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.3.693.
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Subject. The article addresses the tax reform of 2017, initiated by D. Trump. Objectives. The aim is to determine the relationship between the total volume of tax revenues to the budget of the U.S. Government and the growth of U.S. GDP in the long run. Methods. To identify the impact of the tax reform on the investment climate in the country and the subsequent GDP growth, we formulate a hypothesis and propose a regression model. The quarterly data from 04.01.1960 to 07.01.2019 serve as a statistical sampling, published by financial departments of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The study rests on the econometric analysis enabling to identify the impact of the volume of tax revenues from the corporate income tax and individual income taxes on the level of the GDP of the United States. Results. In the short term, we observe a decrease in tax revenues and a subsequent increase in the budget deficit, in the long term – an increase in business activity of the country, a growth in foreign direct investment, and, consequently, an increase in the GDP. The paper offers a model for assessing the economic growth of the GDP of the United States, in which tax predictors were used in combination with macroeconomic indicators. Conclusions. The experience of the United States and the results of this study may be used by the governments of developing countries and experts in the field of taxation for tax policy development.
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Aneato, Dr Delton, and Dr Cesar Castellanos. "Strategies to Implement Big Data Analytics in Telecommunication Organizations." International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research 10, no. 04 (March 27, 2021): 064–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijcatr1004.1001.
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Information technology (IT) leaders who do not invest in big data projects may struggle to gain a competitive advantage and business insights to improve performance. Grounded in Kotter’s change and Six Sigma models, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies IT leaders use to implement big data analytics successfully. The participants comprised 4 IT leaders from 2 telecommunication organizations in the United States of America, who expertly used big data analytics strategies to promote and maximize competitive advantage. Data were collected from semistructured interviews, company documents, and project-related documents. The collected information was examined by utilizing a thematic analysis approach. Four themes emerged from the data analysis process communication, training, employee involvement in decisions, and teamwork strategy. A key recommendation from these findings is for IT leaders to use successful communication strategies to convey the vision and objectives to all organizational levels. The successful communication-strategy can help evaluate business trends, forecasts, improve overall organizational performance and competitive advantage. The implications for positive social change include the potential for job creation, thus catalysing economic growth within communities.
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Oehrle, Elizabeth. "The Economic Accountability of Music Education." British Journal of Music Education 4, no. 3 (November 1987): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700006057.
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Music education struggles to survive in countries such as England, United States and South Africa because of the lack of financial support, particularly during economic recessions. To counter this unfortunate situation, well-written books and articles have been appeared over the years, propounding the truth that the arts do have an essential place in the balanced education of children, but these well-founded and constructed arguments continually fall on deaf ears. During economic recessions government planners and educational authorities rationalise that they can afford to do away with the arts because these subjects make little or no difference to the economic welfare of the country.Information from the best-seller by Peters & Waterman, In Search of Excellence, reveals that the principle characteristics of the managers of excellent companies in the United States are characteristics that concern the creative process of thinking, creative aspects of personality, creative products and environmental conditions. These companies have a positive effect on the United States economy. As the aspect of education which is best equipped to nurture these characteristics is the arts, then it is reasonable to argue that we can not afford to ‘phase out’ music education.Because education in the United States, England and South Africa is closely linked to the economy, music educators in capitalist countries should begin to argue for the arts from an economic standpoint, as capitalistic societies are orientated primarily toward capital gain. Failing this, we shall have to argue for more fundamental changes in political and economic systems.
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Novikova, Elena, and Mikhail Rybalko. "Economic aspects of cooperation between New Zealand and the United States as international actors in the Asia-Pacific region." SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400148.
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The article analyzes economic aspects of the interaction between New Zealand and the United States of America as international actors in the Asia-Pacific region. The substantiation of the importance of the Asia-Pacific region in the foreign policy of the two countries is given. We determined that the economic component is one of the most significant components of bilateral relations. Statistical data for the five-year period (2016-2021) are presented, demonstrating the evolution of economic relations between New Zealand and the United States. We established that the economic policy of the two countries is aimed at continuing intensive international cooperation and implementing a recovery strategy in 2021. We concluded that the "soft power" course used by Wellington would enable the country to achieve significant benefits even more in cooperation with other states and reach qualitatively new levels in the existing system of international relations in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Gilpin, Robert. "Reagan's Ambiguous Economic Legacy." Ethics & International Affairs 2 (March 1988): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1988.tb00525.x.
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The introductory piece attempts to set forth as objectively as possible the economic legacy of the Reagan Administration, with emphasis on its international aspects, and thereby to provide the background for the other articles. Gilpin charts the shift in the 1980s from a supply-side, laissez-faire style policy to one that acknowledges a need for cooperation between the United States and its economic partners. While this has been a responsible and productive change, it has also generated ambiguity as to what the U.S. stance on economic international activity should be.
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Rutkow, Ira M. "EPIDEMIOLOGIC, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF HERNIA SURGERY IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE 1990S." Surgical Clinics of North America 78, no. 6 (December 1998): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(05)70363-7.
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Choi, Young, and Minho Ahn. "Telecommunication, Transportation, and Trade in the Pacific Basin Community." International Area Review 1, no. 1 (December 1997): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386599700100103.
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This paper examines the telecommunication, transportation, and trade networks and tests structural relationships among the countries in the Pacific basin community. An attempt is made to show that the relations or locations of nations in the Pacific Rim could be meaningfully conceptualized as flows of transactions between countries and subjected to systematic empirical analysis. In sum, the various indicators, such as system density, connectedness, number of links, integrativeness, from NEGOPY network analysis reveal a similar structure for the telecommunication, the transportation, and the trade networks. There is one group with some of the advanced industrialized countries such as Japan and the United States at the center for all three networks, confirming the replication of inequalities in political and economic area. The telephone is one of the “space-adjusting” technologies that change the distance among countries and allows for higher degrees of accessibility to remote locations. No nation is identified as an isolate in the telecommunication network, whereas four nations are identified as isolates in the transportation network. Geographical distance may affect the transportation network. The results of correspondence analysis reveal that the transportation and the trade network show a similar pattern of radial structure, although the radial structure of the trade network is weaker than that of the transportation network. Each arm in the both networks is composed of regional neighbor nations. This suggests that both networks in the Pacific basin community are, in part, organized by physical location. This is also shown in the telecommunication network.
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Grigoriev, M. N., I. A. Maksimtsev, and S. A. Uvarov. "Improvement of Supply Chain Management in the United States as a Strategic Direction for the Economic Policy of the Biden-Harris Administration." Economics and Management 27, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2021-11-850-857.
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Aim. The presented study aims to analyze changes in the economic and political systems of the United States associated with the transformation of approaches to supply chain regulation.Tasks. The authors identify the specific aspects of regulating social, economic, political, and other processes in the United States through presidential executive directives; assess the extent to which issues related to supply chain management are reflected in executive directives; analyze the specific features of supply chain management regulation in the United States in the BidenHarris administration.Methods. This study uses general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, etc.) as well as special methods such as content analysis, economic and political analysis, and scenario modeling.Results. The study makes it evident that in the United States great attention is paid to supply chain management issues at the national level, and this is reflected in presidential executive directives. Activity in this area has increased significantly in the Biden-Harris administration. All key ministries are becoming involved in supply chain management, with an emphasis on ensuring national and economic security and maintaining the political, military, and economic leadership of the United States in the world.Conclusions. The economy and politics of the United States continue to play an important role in the development of mankind. Investigation of the emerging specific trends in these areas helps to adequately respond to future changes. The executive directives of the US President serve as a meaningful source of information about such trends. Their analysis shows that the Biden-Harris administration seeks to highlight the improvement of supply chain management in the United States as one of the strategic directions of the implemented policy.
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Gerrity, Daniel, and Shane Snyder. "The economic value of water in metropolitan areas of the United States." Water Policy 13, no. 4 (January 6, 2011): 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.047.
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Water has been a passionately contested issue in the United States (US) over the past century. Some argue for growth restrictions in drought-susceptible regions, but based on economic production, it may be worthwhile implementing creative measures to ensure continued and sustainable growth. The following economic analysis correlates water withdrawals in the 32 most populous metropolitan areas in the US with several economic indicators, including gross metropolitan product (GMP), income, and employment. The ratio of GMP to water withdrawals (GMP/H2O) ranged from (US)$58,788 per million gallons in Tampa to $939,555 per million gallons in San Jose ($15,532 to $248,231 per megaliter, respectively). Some drought-susceptible areas (e.g., Atlanta, Denver, Los Angeles, and Las Vegas) had relatively high GMP/H2O values, while others (e.g., Phoenix and San Diego) had relatively low GMP/H2O values. From a regional perspective, the Northwest had the strongest economy relative to its water withdrawals, and the Midwest had the weakest. These data indicate that the GMP/H2O metric can be used to justify water use in certain metropolitan areas but that the metric is less applicable to regional analyses due to unique aspects of local economies and water resource portfolios.
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Brînză, Andreea. "The “17 + 1” Mechanism." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 05, no. 02 (January 2019): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s237774001950009x.
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The second decade of the 21st century has been marked by rising tensions between the United States and China, with the European Union caught between the two powers in an era of strategic competition. The “[Formula: see text]” mechanism, which focuses on economic cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, is not spared from the U.S.-China economic confrontation. The United States has launched a political and public campaign against China’s telecommunication giant Huawei in the CEE region, where most countries are U.S. allies. Since its establishment as “[Formula: see text]” in 2012, the mechanism has made slow progress in generating expected benefits to CEE countries, as many of China’s investments are under negotiation, delayed, or even canceled. The case of Romania indicates that CEE countries’ engagement in “[Formula: see text]” depends heavily on the changing priorities of their political leadership, which adds much uncertainty to the future development of the mechanism. Besides, there is lingering EU concern that the mechanism may divide the Union. To enhance its status as a strong and responsible partner with CEE countries and the EU, China needs to reform “[Formula: see text]” into a more transparent, effective and inclusive regional mechanism that engages all interested countries.
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Banks, Dwayne A. "The Economic Attributes of Medical Care: Implications for Rationing Choices in the United States and United Kingdom." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 5, no. 4 (1996): 546–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100007441.
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The healthcare systems of the United States and United Kingdom are vastly different. The former relies primarily on private sector incentives and market forces to allocate medical care services, while the latter is a centrally planned system funded almost entirely by the public sector. Therefore, each nation represents divergent views on the relative efficacy of the market or government in achieving social objectives in the area of medical care policy. Since its inception in 1948, the National Health Services (NHS) of the United Kingdom has consistently emphasized equity in the allocation of medical services. It has done so by creating a system whereby services are universally free of charge at the point of entry. Conversely, the United States has relied upon the evolution of a perplexing array of public and private sector insurance schemes centered more around consumer choice than equity in allocation.
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Gevaerd, Jair. "Consumer protection and arbitration in mass consumption adhesion contracts. A comparative look between Brazil and U.S." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52028/rbadr.v1i1.7.
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Based upon (i) a comparative reading of the consumer protection legal system in Brazil and in the United States, regarding mass consumption adhesion contracts, and (ii) the analysis of the most recent precedents of the American Supreme Court validating arbitration agreements in which consumers waive class actions, the article highlights the different role that arbitration plays in both institutional environments. The article also questions whether an uniformization of the consumer protection system referring mass consumption adhesion contracts would be (a) possible and/or (b) desirable, in view of the ever-growing globalization and the economic consequences of uneven domestic legal regimes, mainly in highly monopolized industries as telecommunication, motor vehicle manufacturing/distribution, insurance, financial services and products, processed food, among others.
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Guan, Yichen, Dustin Tingley, David Romney, Amaney Jamal, and Robert Keohane. "Chinese views of the United States: evidence from Weibo." International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 20, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/irap/lcy021.
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Abstract We study Chinese attitudes toward the United States, and secondarily toward Japan, Russia, and Vietnam, by analyzing social media discourse on the Chinese social media site, Weibo. We focus separately on a general analysis of attitudes and on Chinese responses to specific international events involving the United States. In general, we find that Chinese netizens are much more interested in US politics than US society. Their views of the United States are characterized by deep ambivalence; they have remarkably favorable attitudes toward many aspects of US influence, whether economic, political, intellectual, or cultural. Attitudes toward the United States become negative when the focus turns to US foreign policy – actions that Chinese netizens view as antithetical to Chinese interests. On the contrary, attitudes toward Japan, Russia, and Vietnam vary a great deal from one another. The contrast between these differentiated Chinese views toward the United States and other countries, on the one hand, and the predominant anti-Americanism in the Middle East, on the other, is striking.
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Poorsoltan, Keramat. "The tale of iranian entrepreneurs in the United States." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-10-02-2007-b003.
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In practice and in theory, as the findings of this research reveal, the Iranian business community is a new and different, nonconforming immigrant group in the United States. This study explores certain aspects of the Iranian business community in light of a survey done by the author.The article compares and contrasts findings of the survey with those of existing literature that has been written about the business communities of various ethnic groups.The results of this study disagree with the literature in most areas. One difference is that the Iranian business community in the United States does not fit into the general understanding that ethnic groups have economic enclaves and niches. They are dispersed in all 48 contiguous states, and their businesses cover practically any possible line of entrepreneurial activity.These entrepreneurs are highly educated, and 76 percent of them are between 30 and 50 years old.Among them, 84 percent are male, a typical American profile.
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Lopes, Nuno Vasco, Kenneth Bagarukayo, and Jun Cheng. "Knowledge Societies in China, Portugal, and Uganda." International Journal of Knowledge Society Research 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2017010102.
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In September 2015, the United Nations (UN) Member States subscribed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the 2030 Agenda (General Assembly 2015). This work makes an analysis on how Knowledge Societies can effectively contribute for the achievements of the Agenda's 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Moreover, it will be presented the research overview conducted by UNU-EGOV for producing the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Knowledge Societies Handbook (UNESCO/IFAP and UNU-EGOV 2016). In addition, three countries from three different Continents of Asia, Europe and Africa - China, Portugal and Uganda respectively - will be analyzed in the context of the knowledge societies architecture proposed in the handbook. For making that analysis a set of indicators collected from the “The World Bank” (The World Bank 2016) and “International Telecommunication Union” (ITU) (ITU 2015) databases have been selected. The indicators have been interpreted taking into consideration the socio-cultural, political, and economic context of each of the three countries.
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Cherevichko, Tatyana V., and Vitaly G. Tsyplin. "Political Aspects of American Assistance to Ukraine on the Eve of the 2002 Parliamentary Elections." Izvestia of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Sociology. Politology 20, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2020-20-4-489-494.
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The article is devoted to the political analysis of the tools used by the United States to withdraw Ukraine from the sphere of economic influence of Russia. Based on the analysis of the materials of individual projects and scientific publications, the authors come to conclusion that by 2002 the expected change of generations of political scientists and economists did not take place in the USA. The tone within the Ukrainian issue continued to be set by the veterans of the Cold War and the financial structures behind them. The fragmentation of the activities of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) on the eve of the Ukrainian parliamentary elections made it possible to characterize the network principle of the distribution of financial resources allocated for the implementation of pre-planned framework political programs. It is noted that the American economic component was reliably hidden in the mechanisms of the formation of Ukrainian pre-election political blocs.
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Baibussinova, N. K., and Z. S. Ilyassova. "Trade relations of Gulf countries with the United States." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 132, no. 3 (2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/26-16-6887/2020-132-3-20-19-29.
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The article examines the complex structure of trade and economic relations between the Gulf States and the United States, complicated by military conflicts and affected by the influence of superpowers. The main purpose of this article is to reveal the history of the Gulf countries ‘ trade relations with the United States. The research methods included systematization, comparison, comparison, and historical analysis of the facts of the development of the Persian Gulf countries. The situation in the development of trade relations between the Gulf States is also conditioned by the US intervention and recent events in Iran, which may again lead to an escalation of the military conflict and stagnation of trade relations. In view of this, it is necessary to use a political dialogue that does not allow for war, which can result in a decrease in trade indicators in the region. As a result of the study, it was possible to determine the main aspects of cooperation between the Gulf States and the United States, in terms of emerging problems and the complexity of mutual historical development
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BULGAKOVA, MARINA. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC ECONOMIC CONCEPT IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN ECONOMY." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 18, no. 5 (November 7, 2022): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2022-18-5-222-226.
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In the current conditions of the functioning of the world community, the aggravation of political confrontation, the ongoing sanctions pressure and the increase in military threats, it becomes necessary to find new vectors for the development of the Russian economy, based not only on import substitution and their own developments, as well as the positive experience of states that have been subjected to economic isolation from European states and the United States of America. In times of crisis, thanks to the human potential of Russia, innovative and breakthrough prospects were formed. The article is devoted to the theoretical aspects of the application of the Islamic economic concept, which is due to the widespread spread of Islam in Russia, the development of Hahal initiatives and Halal enterprises. The author studied the main aspects of Islamic economic theory, the range and prospects for its distribution in the Eurasian economic space, which served as the basis for the formation of promising trends and problematic issues of the application of Islamic economic theory at the current stage of Russia's development.
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Speece, Mark. "Aspects of Economic Dualism in Oman 1830–1930." International Journal of Middle East Studies 21, no. 4 (November 1989): 495–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074380003289x.
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The history of Oman is largely a story of competition, and often conflict, between two very different entities. This duality was even symbolized by the name of the country, “Sultanate of Muscat and Oman,” until 1970. The sultanate was formed from the fusion of the Batina coastal plain and its port cities, symbolically Muscat, and the interior of the country, Oman. During most periods in the recent history of the country, only the coast has been ruled by the sultan. Even before the institution of the sultanate emerged in the 18th century, however, the coast had usually been under separate, often foreign, rule. In the interior, the ideal head of government from very early times was that of an imam, even though the office often remained vacant. At many times during Omani history, of course, one part of the country or the other imposed its control and Oman was temporarily united, but the differences between the two sections of Omani society eventually split the country into two separate states again. Even within the last decade, one of the major problems in Oman's efforts to develop has been “the traditional antithesis between the sultan residing on the coast and the inwardly oriented tribes.”
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Rakhmatullaev, Mustafo, and Doston Abduraimov. "FROM THE HISTORY OF US-CHINA RELATIONS." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-8-8.
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This article describes the politics of the People's Republic of China, which is currently the fastest growing country in the world along with the United States. Particular attention is paid to the economic and political aspects of relations between the two countries, as well as the emergence of conflicts. It is no secret that today the influence of the two great powers, the United States and China, on the system of international relations is very great. The fact that these countries occupy huge positions in the economic andmilitary-political spheres, unfortunately, exacerbates the competition between them, which, in turn, is a direct threat to the establishment of a policy of peace throughout the world
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Michener, Jamila, and Margaret Teresa Brower. "What's Policy Got to Do with It? Race, Gender & Economic Inequality in the United States." Daedalus 149, no. 1 (January 2020): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01776.
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In the United States, economic inequality is both racialized and gendered, with Black and Latina women consistently at the bottom of the economic hierarchy. Relative to men (across racial groups) and White women, Black and Latina women often have less-desirable jobs, lower earnings, and higher poverty rates. In this essay, we draw attention to the role of the state in structuring such inequality. Specifically, we examine how public policy is related to racial inequities in economic positions among women. Applying an intersectional lens to the contemporary landscape of economic inequality, we probe the associations between public policies and economic outcomes. We find that policies have unequal consequences across subgroups of women, providing prima facie evidence that state-level decisions about how and where to invest resources have differential implications based on women's race and ethnicity. We encourage scholars to use aspects of our approach as springboards for better specifying and identifying the processes that account for heterogeneous policy effects across racial subgroups of women.
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Yerichielli, Yerichielli. "INDONESIA – AMERIKA DALAM KERANGKA COMPRHENSIVE PARTNERSHIP." Global Political Studies Journal 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v3i1.2006.
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Indonesian political and strategic relations are quite good with the United States, especially since the New Order regime in Indonesia, namely in the 1960s. But economic ties the two sides have not grown enough in comparison with the United States economic relations with neighboring Indonesia, Singapore and Australia. In terms of political and strategic aspects in the relationship between the two countries produced in the United States and Indonesia are less developed the economic potential between the two. Both countries have significant potential to further enhance the bilateral relations to the mutual interest through the establishment of a comprehensive partnership (Comprehensive Partnership) is a strategic step in improving relations of cooperation in politics, economy, security, environment, energy, education and other areas of life other. Efforts to improve relations between the two sides appeared in recent years because of the encouragement of the government of Indonesia and US efforts to seek larger markets in order to restore its economic crisis. In November 2010 the leaders of both countries signed the US-Indonesia Compherensive Partnership Agreement (US-Indonesia CPA) which is a long-term commitment of both countries to enhance and deepen bilateral relations. One sector that is the focus of the cooperation is the economic sector.
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Rakhmonov, A. Kh. "New sanctions of the European Union and United States against Russia and their impact on Tajikistan’s socio-economic development." UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 10, no. 4 (January 24, 2023): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2022-10-4-121-131.
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The article examines the socio-economic relationship between Tajikistan and Russia, the new European Union and USA sanctions against Russia and their impact on the economy and well-being of Tajikistan, and the role of Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) in Russian and Tajik banks, including the disconnection of SWIFT from Russian banks and its impact on remittances of migrant workers in Tajikistan. Attention is paid to Tajikistan’s crisis management policy. After gaining independence, Tajikistan’s economy suffered greatly from the civil war in the republic. Russia is one of the main donors to Tajikistan’s economy. There are countries that are more connected to Russia than Tajikistan, but it is difficult to find a country that could compete with Tajikistan in terms of dependence on Russia. Almost all sectors of Tajikistan’s economy depend on Russia: Tajikistan is a donor country for migrant workers, and remittances from migrant workers play an important role in Tajikistan’s economy. Only, at the expense of money transfers of Tajik labor migrants, the banking sector of Tajikistan is supported. Over the years of independence, Tajikistan has not taken its economy out of the influence of Russia. The dependence of the Tajik economy on Russia manifested itself in the very first days of the conflict actions on the territory of Ukraine in February 2022. After the statement of Western countries on the introduction of new sanctions to restrict the access of some Russian banks to the SWIFT, the problems of the financial intermediation market of Tajikistan were exposed. An unprecedented package of sanctions by Western countries due to the situation with Ukraine has already led to a number of problems inside Tajikistan. European Union and USA sanctions against Russia have also had a strong impact on all sectors of Tajikistan’s economy, from food prices to the banking sector. The aim of the article is to assess the role of the new European Union and USA sanctions against Russia in connection with the conflict in Ukraine and their impact on the economy and welfare of Tajikistan.
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Balat, Havva, and Cahide Öz. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Carbon Capture an Storage — A Review." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 25, no. 5 (October 2007): 357–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459807783528883.
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This article deals with review of technical and economic aspects of Carbon Capture and Storage. Since the late 1980s a new concept is being developed which enables to make use of fossil fuels with a considerably reduced emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The concept is often called ‘Carbon Capture and Storage’ (CCS). CCS technologies are receiving increasing attention, mainly for their potential contribution to the optimal mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions that is intended to avoid future, dangerous climate change. CCS technologies attract a lot of attention because they could allow “to reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere whilst continuing to use fossil fuels”. CCS is not a completely new technology, e.g., the United States alone is sequestering about 8.5 MtC for enhanced oil recovery each year. Today, CCS technologies are widely recognised as an important means of progress in industrialized countries.
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Suh, Moon-Gi. "Korean Immigrants and Business Development in the United States: Toward a Synthetic Perspective." International Area Review 10, no. 2 (September 2007): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590701000204.
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This study attempts to explore the reasons why a particular minority community such as Korean immigrants has been able to successfully adapt to the U. S. economy, compared to other ethnic groups. It focuses on community characteristics in the ability to collectively mobilize resources for building businesses and self-employment. Contradictory reports in the literature, however, concerning the superior or inferior development of the self-employment business is related to the emphasis of the different aspects of minority groups. It is argued here that such ramification of explanations is unnecessary and that a more synthetic theoretical argument can be forwarded to explain the success of minority business of Korean immigrants. The baseline toward a theoretical framework is to account for the complex interrelation between economic and non-economic factors that underpin the historical context in which immigrant businesses survive and adapt. The study suggests that the issue of immigrant-owned business in the United States can be best understood in terms of the synergy view by which different theories and models of minority business are integrated and embodied in family relations.
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Mireles, Luis Ramon. "Occupational Safety and Health on the U.S.-Mexico Border." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 13, no. 1 (May 2003): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5cdm-pmer-6jd9-952r.
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A number of trade agreements were adopted in the 1990s that promised economic growth for Mexico. The most significant was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which promotes open trade between Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Like WTO, NAFTA focuses on the economic aspects of trade. Occupational safety and health issues were not specifically addressed by NAFTA. Despite the presence of domestic regulatory systems, concerns over working conditions persist on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border and the workforces face similar health problems. The upsurge in trade between the United States and Mexico must be accompanied by an international commitment to occupational safety and health in border areas. If government agencies cannot or will not intervene to reduce rates of workplace injuries and illnesses, civil coalitions must assume this role.
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Domagała, Joanna. "Economic and Environmental Aspects of Agriculture in the EU Countries." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 7826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227826.
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The analysis of the economic efficiency of agriculture has been the subject of numerous studies. An economically efficient agricultural sector is not always environmentally efficient. Agriculture is a large emitter of greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that food production and agriculture are responsible for 21–37% of total global CO2 emissions. Due to the comprehensive assessment of the agricultural efficiency, it is worthwhile to apply to its measurement an integrated approach based on economic, energy and environmental aspects. These aspects were the main reasons for undertaking this research. The purpose of the study was to determine the economic, energy and environmental efficiency of agriculture in the EU Member States in 2019. The environmental analyses relate to the period 1990–2019. A total of 26 member states of the European Union (excluding Malta and Luxembourg) were selected for research. The sources of materials were Eurostat and the European Environmental Agency. This study was based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method, and used the DEA model focused on minimizing inputs. The research also adopts energy productivity and greenhouse gas emission efficiency indicators. The DEA model features the following variables: one effect (value of agricultural production) and four inputs (land, labour, use of fertilizers and use of energy). It was found that seven out of the 26 studied EU countries have efficient agriculture. The efficient agriculture group included The Netherlands, Denmark, Greece, Cyprus, the United Kingdom, Italy and Ireland. Based on the DEA method, benchmarks have been defined for countries with inefficient agriculture. On the basis of these benchmarks for inefficient agricultural sectors, it was possible to determine how they could improve efficiency to achieve the same results with fewer inputs. This issue is particularly important in the context of sustainable agricultural development. In the next stage of the research, the analysis of economic and energy efficiency was combined with the analysis of GHG emission efficiency in agriculture. Four groups of countries have been distinguished: eco-efficiency leaders, eco-efficiency followers, environmental slackers, eco-efficiency laggards. The leaders of the classification were The Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Cyprus and Portugal.
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Asad, Asad L., and Jackelyn Hwang. "Migration to the United States from Indigenous Communities in Mexico." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 684, no. 1 (July 2019): 120–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219848342.
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Research on Mexican migration to the United States has long noted how the characteristics of sending communities structure individuals’ opportunities for international movement. This literature has seldom considered the concentration of indigenous residents (those with origins in pre-Hispanic populations) in migrant-sending communities. Drawing on data from 143 communities surveyed by the Mexican Migration Project, and supplemented with data from the Mexican Census, this article uses multilevel models to describe how the share of indigenous residents in a migrant-sending community relates to different aspects of the migratory process. We focus on (1) the decision to migrate to the United States, and (2) the documentation used on migrants’ first U.S. trip. We do not find that the concentration of indigenous residents in a sending community is associated with the decision to migrate to the United States. However, we do find that people in communities with relatively high indigenous populations are more likely to migrate as undocumented rather than documented migrants. We conclude that the concentration of indigenous peoples in communities likely indicates economic and social disadvantage, which limits the residents’ possibilities for international movement.
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Kusek, Weronika A. "Ukrainian migrants in Poland: Socio-economic inclusion or exclusion?" Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 34, no. 7 (November 2019): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219889877.
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Poland is an important country to study when assessing migration. In fact, many scholars who focus on migration and its impact on the local economy, in relation to Poland, focus on Polish migrants living and working in countries such as the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, or Australia. This viewpoint presents a different focus by addressing the need to conduct more work on migrants who are coming to Poland to work to fulfill labor shortages and take advantage of the country’s growing economy. Specifically this paper will look at Ukrainians who are migrating to Poland. The viewpoint will focus on push/pull factors and touch on aspects of the lived experience of Ukrainian migrants in Poland. This paper helps identify some observed trends from interviews to identify future research directions related to socio-economic inclusion or exclusion.
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Spyros, Roukanas. "Measuring Economic Development and the Impact of Economic Globalisation." Studies in Business and Economics 15, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0053.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to measure economic development and the impact of economic globalisation under the prism of global political economy. Global political economy is a field of study that has its roots in international relations. The growth of world economic transactions after the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the 1970s created the need for a new field of study, in order to explain the interdependence between politics and economics on the international level. Global political economy is the field of study that also examines the implications of economic globalisation for national economies and for the global economy. The concept of economic development is broader than economic growth, which is related to GDP growth. The concept of economic globalisation has changed the prospects of economic development for certain developed and developing economies. The main changes of economic globalisation are closely related to the following aspects of national economies: trade, finance, and production. The analysis of this article will reveal the effects of economic globalisation on different aspects of economic development. These aspects are studied under the prism of indexes such as Financial Development Index, openness to trade, Human Development Index, the GINI Index and other inequality indexes. The aftermath of the global economic crisis of 2007-2008 placed at the epicentre the interdependence of national economies and the issue of economic inequalities. The study of the aforementioned indexes will highlight the alterations that have occurred from the manifestation of the global economic crisis until today. The article is focusing on the following countries: China, Germany, Greece, and the United States for the last decade (2009-2019), on the basis of the available data.
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Davis, Lance, and Stanley Engerman. "SESSION 4A: ECONOMIC WARFARE Legal and Economic Aspects of Naval Blockade: The United States, Great Britain, and German in World War II." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 2 (June 2001): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701268119.
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Haq, Abrar Ul, and Mubeen Adnan. "Peripheral Cold War: A Perspective Study of India and Pakistan Relations." Global International Relations Review V, no. III (September 30, 2022): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-iii).03.
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India and Pakistan have long history of animosity which is evident in their bilateral relations. Defining the politics of security is an attempt to first develop the comprehensive definition of security in India Pakistan case and engender certain knowledge that how the threats are surfacing in other aspects of state affairs. The political, economic and social sectors have associated with security while strategic relations of India and United States to counter China are also very important aspects of Pakistan security proposition. This research paper seeks to have a latest oversight to observe how these changing relations might incriminate the strategic environment of South Asia and specifically in Pakistan India relations and how the strategic importance of these periphery’s lead them to cooperate with strong states to get the military and economic benefits. The conflict and strategic relations with the powerful states to maintain the balance of power, forms the peripheral cold war.
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Benjamin, Daniel J., Kristen B. Cooper, Ori Heffetz, and Miles Kimball. "A Well-Being Snapshot in a Changing World." AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191079.
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Although technology-driven economic growth generates gains in consumption and employment opportunities, it may also negatively impact other dimensions of well-being, such as emotional well-being or sense of stability. We study 204 aspects of self-reported well-being among 1,576 US MTurk survey respondents, aggregated into seven themes: evaluative well-being, emotional well-being, positive perceptions of technology or economic growth, autonomy and flexibility, work environment, feelings of calmness and stability, and feelings of belonging and connection. Demographic associations with aspects of well-being vary somewhat across the themes. We highlight the value of a multidimensional approach when comparing well-being across different groups in the United States.
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Kim, Ki-Su. "South Korea’s Geoeconomic Response to the United States’ Geopolitical Approach." Asian Social Science 16, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n4p25.
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The United States “Indo-Pacific strategy” itself entails geopolitics. Since 2017, the Indo-Pacific has emerged as a major strategic region for America’s diplomacy and security. Against this backdrop, the Indo-Pacific strategy extends both the “Asia Rebalancing Strategy” and the “Asia-Pacific Security Alliance” regime to the Indian Ocean, while seeking to bring emerging countries, such as China and India, into the U.S.-led international order. Major East Asian countries are actively employing economic means to advance their geopolitical goal -- reshaping the regional order in their own favor. The U.S. has shown a confrontational and exclusionary attitude toward China in terms of politics, economy and security, while the ASEAN has sought to promote inclusiveness by publicly expressing opposition to the exclusion of China. The ASEAN highlighted economic cooperation with China, while the U.S. focused on military and security aspects. The Indo-Pacific strategy will not be able to succeed without the participation of the ASEAN that serves as a crucial geopolitical link between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Another important factor is that unlike former U.S. President Obama, who championed the Asia-Pacific rebalance, President Donald Trump does not show keen interest in the Indo-Pacific strategy. At the same time, President Moon Jae-in has been cautious about engaging in security issues that go beyond the Korean Peninsula or the Northeast Asia -- namely joining in any collective move to contain China. Currently, South Korea is grappling with the geopolitical challenges by expressing support for the ASEAN's geoeconomic approach. Instead of choosing whether to participate in the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy, South Korea is seeking common ground between the strategy and its “New Southern Policy.” In other words, the New Southern Policy is a kind of buffer zone. South Korea is taking a geoeconomic response that focuses on developing the regional economy rather than adhering to the strategic and military role of the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy.
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Burdzhalov, F. "How the Law on Health Care Reform Was Being Adopted in USA." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2011): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-1-35-47.
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The article develops the theme of American health care reform (the beginning see in: F. Burzhalov, Health Care Reform in the United States (Socio-Economic Aspects). “MEMO Journal”, 2010, no. 10). The author examines institutional and procedural aspects of the adoption of the law on health care, in particular how its ideas and main points were formed and promoted, what difficulties the government encountered in doing so, what effort were undertaken to convince public opinion in the need to support the reform, etc.
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Pan, Zhenxi. "A comparative study of blocking laws between China and EU." BCP Business & Management 27 (September 6, 2022): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v27i.1970.
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In recent years, the United States has frequently imposed sub-economic sanctions on other countries, which has seriously disrupted the regular order of the world economic and trade market. Since the Trump administration took office, China has gradually become the target of the United States, and the economic and trade friction between China and the United States has been constant. To counter the long-arm jurisdiction of the United States, China's Ministry of Commerce issued the Blocking Measures with Chinese characteristics on January 9, 2021. Its legislative model draws lessons from the European Union Blocking Law and adopts the combination of public enforcement mechanisms and private law relief mechanisms. As the legislative experience of China's blocking law is a little insufficient, the construction of the blocking law system still needs to be improved. Therefore, this paper selects the currently mature EU blocking law as the reference object, aiming to further enhance the system of China's blocking law by drawing on its legislative practice experience. This paper sorts out the legislative process of EU blocking law and analyzes its three major defects: weak enforcement, no clear criteria for violating the obligation of "prohibition of compliance" and insufficient punishment. Then, by combing the legislative process of China's blocking law, comparing and analyzing the institutional differences between China and Europe, and referring to the defects of the EU blocking law system, it summarizes the shortcomings of China's blocking law in four aspects: legal effect, the scope of application, exemption system and punishment measures, and takes them as China's blocking measures.
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Anisa, Chelsilya, Grace Yohana, Mucco Eva, Morry Zefanya, and Nadila. "THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs)." Sociae Polites 21, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v21i1.1589.
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Current technological advances have been present in all aspects of human life, including technological advances in biotechnology. Biotechnology not only raises hope for science but also raises heated debates among scientists, especially between the European Union and the US. This debate arises because of differences in perspective between the EU and the US. The EU has stringent rules regarding the development efforts of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). At the same time, the US thinks that GMOs are part of agriculture, so there is no need for any special laws to regulate them. Various side effects also come hand in hand with the birth of GMOs. They are ranging from adverse effects on human health, the health of food products, and even environmental damage. The development of GMOs can damage the ecosystem of species that exist in the environment. Still, more complex problems arise due to GMOs like economic problems and monopolies.
Keywords: The GMOs, The EU, The US.
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Ferrie, Joseph P. "History Lessons: The End of American Exceptionalism? Mobility in the United States Since 1850." Journal of Economic Perspectives 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533005774357824.
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New longitudinal data on individuals linked across nineteenth century U.S. censuses document the geographic and occupational mobility of more than 75,000 Americans from the 1850s to the 1920s. Together with longitudinal data for more recent years, these data make possible for the first time systematic comparisons of mobility over the last 150 years of American economic development, as well as cross-national comparisons for the nineteenth century. The U.S. was a substantially more mobile economy than Britain between 1850 and 1880. But both intergenerational occupational mobility and geographic mobility have declined in the U.S. since the beginning of the twentieth century, leaving much less apparent two aspects of the “American Exceptionalism” noted by nineteenth century observers.
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Wilson, Henrietta. "Preventing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: What Role for Arms Control? A German-American Dialogue - Oliver Thränert (ed.) Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 1999, 154 pp. ISBN:3-86077-833-1. Friedrick-Ebert-Stiftung, Hiroshimastraße 17, D-10785 Berlin, Germany." Politics and the Life Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 2000): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400009011.
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The geopolitical positions currently occupied by the United States and Germany should be of interest to students of international arms control regimes. The former enters the twenty-first century empowered by its political, military, and economic weight, yet unable to respond to the global responsibilities entailed by this. In contrast, Germany has come to represent the less militaristic aspects of modern Western sensibilities, and has had to face the political problems of post-cold-war Europe more directly than other Western states.
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Sutyrin, S., and V. Kovalenko. "China-Pakistan economic corridor: state and prospects." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2008-05.
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The article discusses the main aspects of the most important joint project with the people’s Republic of China to create the China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) in the modern history of Pakistan. The transformation of China into an economic superpower, as well as the gradual strengthening of its geopolitical capabilities, has led to the need to form a belt of States loyal to China, ensuring its uninterrupted supply of raw materials, as well as providing Beijing with its transport infrastructure to ensure its unhindered access to the world market. In many ways, Pakistan is an exemplary partner for the middle Kingdom. More than half a century of interaction between the two countries in the political and economic spheres, against the background of the gradual reduction of Pakistan’s dependence on the United States in the 1990s, has led to the fact that the PRC has become a key partner for Islamabad. The implementation of such a large-scale project is not only of great importance for the participating countries, but is also of great interest in the geopolitical context.
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Corvaglia, Maria Anna. "TTIP Negotiations and Public Procurement: Internal Federalist Tensions and External Risks of Marginalisation." Journal of World Investment & Trade 19, no. 3 (May 3, 2018): 392–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340094.
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Abstract Government procurement is perhaps one of the most underexplored areas in the recent academic literature on transatlantic economic relations, yet it was also one of the most protected economic sectors addressed in the now derailed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations. Even though the European Union (EU) and the United States have undertaken extensive reciprocal procurement commitments under the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), as well as in their respective preferential trade agreements (PTAs), the liberalisation and harmonisation of the transatlantic procurement market could not be more ambiguous or controversial. This article aims to deepen our understanding of crucial aspects of the contemporary EU–United States procurement relationship. To this end, the article explores the TTIP negotiations as well as similar PTAs and underlines the potential implications in terms of the fragmentation of the international discipline of procurement regulation.
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Gall, Alana, Kate Anderson, Kirsten Howard, Abbey Diaz, Alexandra King, Esther Willing, Michele Connolly, Daniel Lindsay, and Gail Garvey. "Wellbeing of Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Aotearoa (New Zealand) and the United States: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 5832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115832.
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Despite the health improvements afforded to non-Indigenous peoples in Canada, Aotearoa (New Zealand) and the United States, the Indigenous peoples in these countries continue to endure disproportionately high rates of mortality and morbidity. Indigenous peoples’ concepts and understanding of health and wellbeing are holistic; however, due to their diverse social, political, cultural, environmental and economic contexts within and across countries, wellbeing is not experienced uniformly across all Indigenous populations. We aim to identify aspects of wellbeing important to the Indigenous people in Canada, Aotearoa and the United States. We searched CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed databases for papers that included key Indigenous and wellbeing search terms from database inception to April 2020. Papers that included a focus on Indigenous adults residing in Canada, Aotearoa and the United States, and that included empirical qualitative data that described at least one aspect of wellbeing were eligible. Data were analysed using the stages of thematic development recommended by Thomas and Harden for thematic synthesis of qualitative research. Our search resulted in 2669 papers being screened for eligibility. Following full-text screening, 100 papers were deemed eligible for inclusion (Aotearoa (New Zealand) n = 16, Canada n = 43, United States n = 41). Themes varied across countries; however, identity, connection, balance and self-determination were common aspects of wellbeing. Having this broader understanding of wellbeing across these cultures can inform decisions made about public health actions and resources.
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KIM, Mansu. "ASPECTS OF KOREAN LITERATURE ACCORDING TO THE STAGE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: FOCUSED ON THE VIEWS OF AMERICA." International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences 2 (November 29, 2016): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kr.2016.02.01.
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The main topic of this paper is how the economic growth has changed the aspect of Korean novel in the viewpoints of the theory of W. W. Rostow. But the additional topic is Korean's viewpoint on American which had been reflected in Korean novels. Korea has made a long relationship to the United States since 1882. Korea have kept friendly and cooperative relationship to American. But sometimes the relationship was changed rapidly to the opponent or critical attitudes. It should be the universal phenomenon that the people of weak nations begin to have strong nationalistic feelings with the pace of economic growth and gather to show a strong enmity against the strong nation especially against the United States. According to this universal patterns, Korean admired American at first. But after rising to the stage of ‘take-off’, they began to turn to the opponent and critical attitudes. Finally at the age of high mass consumption, they will not compare to America any more because they belong to the similar economic situation. The economy of Japan, Korea and China rose up to higher level at the rapid speed. But the strong nationalistic feelings remained incessantly among their nations. The “European Dream” is one of the attitudes in which individuals find security not through individual accumulation of wealth, but through connectivity and respect for other nations. Our neighbouring countries and Korea must learn the attitudes of European Dream and try to establish this system in East Asia.
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Jacobsson, Måns. "THE BRAER: LEGAL ASPECTS OF A MAJOR OIL SPILL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-721.
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ABSTRACT The International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund (IOPC Fund), an intergovernmental organization with 58 member states, has recently been involved in a major oil spill of great interest both legally and technically, namely, the Braer incident, which occurred in January 1993 in the United Kingdom. The Braer was laden with approximately 84,000 metric tons (t) of crude oil when it grounded off the Shetland Islands. The ship broke up and the entire cargo escaped into the sea. The United Kingdom Government and Shetland Islands Council incurred expenses for cleanup operations, but these costs were fairly limited, estimated at not greater than US$6 million. The incident resulted in a very large number of claims from small businesses and individuals who suffered economic losses. A local claims office was set up on Shetland to handle these claims. So far, over 1,000 claims have been settled and paid for, representing a total of almost US$45 million. These claims cover losses suffered by fishermen, salmon farmers, crofters, and owners of houses that became polluted by wind-blown oil spray. Many of these claims have given rise to difficult legal problems regarding the admissibility of claims for compensation, in particular those concerning so-called pure economic losses. This paper addresses the practical problems that have arisen in handling the claims and analyzes some of the legal problems encountered.
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Meidayati, Anis Wahyu. "Impact of Telecommunication Infrastructure, Market Size, Trade Openness and Labor Force on Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN." Journal of Developing Economies 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v2i2.6677.
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AbstractForeign Direct Investment (FDI) in recent years has created a positive impact for ASEAN countries. FDI give spillover effects that directly contribute capital improvements, technological developments, and global market access, also skills and managerial transfers. In order to attract FDI inflow into country, ASEAN member countries need to know what factors which attract investment related to the needs of infrastructure types and other factors. The purpose of this study is examine the determinant of FDI in ASEAN countries. This research method used is panel data regression period 2005-2015 from 10 countries in ASEAN. The results showed simultaneously and partially telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, and labor force variable have significant relationship with FDI inflows in ASEAN countries.Keywords: panel data regression, telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, labor force, FDI.ReferencesAppleyard, DR. 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Summers, Kevin, Linda Harwell, Andrea Lamper, Courtney McMillon, Kyle Buck, and Lisa Smith. "Gulf of Mexico Coastal County Resilience to Natural Hazards." Gulf and Caribbean Research 32 (2021): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/gcr.3201.10.
Full textAbstract:
Using a Cumulative Resilience Screening Index (CRSI) that was developed to represent resilience to natural hazards at multiple scales for the United States, the U.S. coastal counties of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) region of the United States are compared for resilience for these types of natural hazards. The assessment compares the domains, indicators and metrics of CRSI, addressing environmental, economic and societal aspects of resilience to natural hazards at county scales. The index was applied at the county scale and aggregated to represent states and two regions of the U.S. GOM coastline. Assessments showed county—level resilience in all GOM counties was low, generally below the U.S. average. Comparisons showed higher levels of resilience in the western GOM region while select counties in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama exhibited the lowest resilience (<2.0) to natural hazards. Some coastal counties in Florida and Texas represented the highest levels of resilience seen along the GOM coast. Much of this increased resilience appears to be due to higher levels of governance and broader levels of social, economic and ecological services.