Journal articles: 'Telecom tower'

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Prasad, Malla Satya, and K. S. Srinivas. "Exigency of OSHA Standards Concerning Indian Telecom Riggers." International Journal of Electronics, Communications, and Measurement Engineering 10, no. 2 (July 2021): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijecme.2021070103.

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Telecom towers play the utmost important role in mobile communication whereas riggers (tower workers/climbers) are the backbone to erect and maintain such tower infrastructure. Work on telecom towers includes tower structure work, hoisting and de hoisting of various types of antennas, RF cable laying and connectorization. The purpose of this article is to identify gaps among stakeholders in adopting safety standards to protect telecom tower riggers in Indian telecom domain and proposed framework for establishing Occupational, Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for Indian telecom tower riggers to fill the gap and create a conducive atmosphere among telecom companies and tower infrastructure providers while utilizing the services of riggers. This article tabulates basic parameters that are required to find “rigger-man-hours” on each work/activity of rigger on the telecom tower. This will enable telecom companies to forecast their regular riggers requirement as well to assess the future demand across geographical areas of the country.

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Hitz, Max. "A Telecom Tower at 2500 Meters, Switzerland." Structural Engineering International 7, no. 2 (May 1997): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686697780495012.

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Chatterjee, CMA Arnab. "Indian Telecom Tower Industrykey Aspects and Challenges." Management Accountant Journal 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33516/maj.v57i11.41-43p.

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Hu, Xiao, and Yong Tao Gao. "Seismic Behavior of Shifang Telecom Building under Conventional Earthquakes." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 4227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.4227.

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To study the seismic behavior under conventional earthquakes, according to a case of Shifang Telecom Building (STB) under 5.12 earthquake, this paper makes the computation of internal force and deformation of structure; then compares the seismic behavior of two different models with spectrum analysis and time-history analysis. The conclusion shows that STB can approximately meet requirements for fortification against seismic impact under conventional earthquakes; the steel tower on top can amplify the seismic effect indeed and the weakness of numerical simulation tallies with the reality.

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Hu, Xiao, and Yong Tao Gao. "Static Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Buildings with Steel Tower on Top under Rare Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 4232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.4232.

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The earthquake resistant behavior of buildings with steel tower on top is different from ordinary buildings. In order to investigate the deformations, internal force and damage of structure under rare earthquake, based on a case of Shifang Telecom Building (STB) under 5.12 earthquake, the static elasto-plastic analysis is carried out. This paper compares the seismic behavior of structure under different loading cases, and studies the weakness and plastic hinge of the building. The result shows the structure can meet the requirements of non-collapse under rare earthquake, the top steel tower can amplify the seismic effect, and numerical simulation tallies with the reality.

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Grover, Abhishek, and Brejesh Lall. "A Novel Solution to Prevent Diesel Pilferage at Telecom Tower Site." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 69, no. 1 (January 2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2895485.

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Battista, Ronaldo Carvalho, Redescar José Virel Rivero, and Michèle Schubert Pfeil. "Aerodynamic Behavior and Stability of the Tall and Slender Brasilia Telecom Tower." Structural Engineering International 32, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2021.1953425.

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Goel, Sonali, and Sayed Majid Ali. "Hybrid energy systems for off-grid remote telecom tower in Odisha, India." International Journal of Ambient Energy 36, no. 3 (September 10, 2013): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2013.823110.

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Xie, Maoqing, Leigang Wang, and Hasan Jafari. "Optimal formation of a PEMFC-based telecom tower using Courtship Learning-based Water Strider Algorithm." Energy Reports 7 (November 2021): 3225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.05.051.

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Eriksson, S., H. Bernhoff, and M. Bergkvist. "Design of a unique direct driven PM generator adapted for a telecom tower wind turbine." Renewable Energy 44 (August 2012): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.090.

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Nyo, Zin Mar. "Evaluation of PV, Wind, Diesel Hybrid Energy Potential for GSM Tower in Myanmar." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i6.pp1245-1251.

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Not only GSM, WCDMA but also CDMA technology can be used in Myanmar but GSM pre-dominates in the market. There are over million unique subscribers across the country in 2013. Power supply for telecom becomes main challenges in Myanmar where the electricity can not access in rural area. To minimize deficit of power, the government has set a target to covert some of tower sites to renewable solutions by 2015. This paper proposes the use of a PV, wind and diesel generator hybrid system with storage element in order to determine the optimal configuration of renewable energy in Myanmar. This paper discusses the development of a renewable energy sources (RES) that can be used for electric power supply of GSM base station site at any given time and considers the feasibility of developing Solar (photovoltaic)-Wind-Diesel hybrid power systems for supplying electricity to off-grid rural telecommunication. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) was used to simulate and generate feasible solution through combinations of photovoltaic, Wind Turbines and Diesel Generator with a minimum levelised cost of electricity supply and to determine the technical feasibility of the system.

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Datta, Debabrata. "Spectrum Auction and Investment in Telecom Industry: A Suggested Policy." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 37, no. 1 (January 2012): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920120102.

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Recently, Indian telecommunication industry has passed through an auction process of 3G spectrum, which has enabled the government to collect hefty license fees. The successful bidders are expected to borrow this bid amount from the commercial banks and repay from the revenue to be generated from the new services. This paper looks at this issue theoretically. The telecommunication firms operate on the basis of acquisition of airwave space, which is licensed by the government. The usual policy practice is to distribute the available spectrum by an ascending auction. As per the economic theory, auction has two merits. Firstly, auction ensures that spectrum goes to the most efficient firm, which is by definition the firm that makes the maximum profit among all. This firm by virtue of their maximum profit bids the highest amount in the auction and gets the spectrum. Secondly, spectrum auction ensures revenue maximization of the government. This result of efficiency optimization however holds under the assumption of perfect information and no uncertainty. Uncertainty and irrationality like over-optimism can lead to problems like ‘winners‘ curse' or ‘broke winners’ under auction. Still auction is market-based and less controversial than discretionary distribution. However, this paper argues that high amount of auction bid can result in several deficiencies in the telecom industry. An issue of debate is whether high auction bid will result in higher price for the services. Under the assumption of infinite time horizon, high license fee is a sunk cost and therefore does not raise price. But this paper shows that a high license fee can raise the lending bank�s interest charge for which not only price rises but the infrastructural investment in the telecom industry suffers. After the acquisition of spectrum through auction the industry needs infrastructural investments to roll out the quality services. Inadequate investment in infrastructural activities like procurement of quality equipments, erection of tower, etc., may result in lower quantum of services with degraded qualities. This is in fact a reality in India where not only rural telecom infrastructure is vastly inadequate, the urban telecom infrastructure is also under severe stress. In this paper, using the tool of game theory we show how capacity and quantity choice game of firms ends up in high auction bid and sub-optimal investment on infrastructure. Then how can the social planners simultaneously achieve the twin objective of growth and revenue maximization? The paper shows that these objectives are realized if a part of the license fee is spent for the subsidization of infrastructural investment in the telecom industry.

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Li, Daming, Lianbing Deng, Qinglang Su, and Yonghua Song. "Providing a guaranteed power for the BTS in telecom tower based on improved balanced owl search algorithm." Energy Reports 6 (November 2020): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.01.006.

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Aliberti, Paolo, Marco Sorrentino, Marco Califano, Cesare Pianese, Luca Capozucca, Laura Cristiani, Gianpiero Lops, and Roberto Mancini. "Modelling Methodologies to Design and Control Renewables and Hydrogen-Based Telecom Towers Power Supply Systems." Energies 16, no. 17 (August 30, 2023): 6316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176316.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFCS) and electrolyser (PEMELS) systems, together with a hydrogen storage tank (HST), are suitable to be integrated with renewable microgrids to cover intermittency and fully exploit the excess of electrical energy. Such an integration perfectly fits telecom tower power supply needs, both in off-grid and grid-connected sites. In this framework, a model-based tool enabling both optimal sizing and proper year-through energy management of both the above applications is proposed. Respectively, the islanded optimisation is performed considering two economic indices, i.e., simple payback (SPB) and levelised cost of energy (LCOE), together with two strategies of hydrogen tank management, charge sustaining and depleting, and also accounting for the impact of grid extension distance. On the other hand, the grid connection is addressed through the dynamic programming method, while downsizing PEMELS and HST sizes to improve techno-economic effectiveness, thanks to grid contribution towards renewables curtailment issues mitigation. For both the above introduced HST management strategies, a reduction of more than 70% of the nominal PEMELS power and 90% of the HST size, which will in turn lead to SPB and LCOE being reduced by 80% and 60% in comparison to the islanded case, respectively, is achieved. Furthermore, the charge depleting strategy, relying on possible hydrogen purchase, interestingly provides an SPB and LCOE of 9% and 7% lower than the charge sustaining one.

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Ahmad, Syed Ishtiaq, Md Shahrior Alam, and Md Jahangir Alam. "Structural and Life-Cycle Economic Feasibility of Rooftop Low-Height Bamboo Telecom Tower Considering a Case Study from Bangladesh." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 25, no. 3 (August 2020): 05020007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000492.

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Drysdale, Will S., Adam R. Vaughan, Freya A. Squires, Sam J. Cliff, Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Natchaya Pingintha-Durden, et al. "Eddy covariance measurements highlight sources of nitrogen oxide emissions missing from inventories for central London." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 9413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022.

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Abstract. During March–June 2017 emissions of nitrogen oxides were measured via eddy covariance at the British Telecom Tower in central London, UK. Through the use of a footprint model the expected emissions were simulated from the spatially resolved National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory for 2017 and compared with the measured emissions. These simulated emissions were shown to underestimate measured emissions during the daytime by a factor of 1.48, but they agreed well overnight. Furthermore, underestimations were spatially mapped, and the areas around the measurement site responsible for differences in measured and simulated emissions were inferred. It was observed that areas of higher traffic, such as major roads near national rail stations, showed the greatest underestimation by the simulated emissions. These discrepancies are partially attributed to a combination of the inventory not fully capturing traffic conditions in central London and both the spatial and temporal resolution of the inventory not fully describing the high heterogeneity of the urban centre. Understanding of this underestimation may be further improved with longer measurement time series to better understand temporal variation and improved temporal scaling factors to better simulate sub-annual emissions.

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Langford, B., E. Nemitz, E. House, G. J. Phillips, D. Famulari, B. Davison, J. R. Hopkins, A. C. Lewis, and C. N. Hewitt. "Fluxes and concentrations of volatile organic compounds above central London, UK." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2009): 17297–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-17297-2009.

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Abstract. Concentrations and fluxes of eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured during October 2006 from a high telecom tower above central London, as part of the CityFlux contribution to the REPARTEE I campaign. A continuous flow disjunct eddy covariance technique with analysis by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry was used. Daily averaged VOC mixing ratios were within the range 1–19 ppb for the oxygenated compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde and acetone) and 0.2–1.3 ppb for the aromatics (benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene). Typical VOC fluxes were in the range 0.1–1.0 mg m−2 h−1. There was a non-linear relationship between VOC fluxes and traffic density for most of the measured compounds. Traffic activity was estimated to account for approximately 70% of the aromatic compound fluxes, whereas non-traffic related sources were found to be more important for methanol and isoprene fluxes. The measured fluxes were comparable to the estimates of the UK national atmospheric emission inventory for the aromatic VOCs and CO. In contrast, fluxes of the oxygenated compounds were about three times larger than inventory estimates. For isoprene and acetonitrile this difference was many times larger. At temperatures over 25°C it is estimated that more than half the isoprene observed in central London is of biogenic origin.

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Langford, B., E. Nemitz, E. House, G. J. Phillips, D. Famulari, B. Davison, J. R. Hopkins, A. C. Lewis, and C. N. Hewitt. "Fluxes and concentrations of volatile organic compounds above central London, UK." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2010): 627–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-627-2010.

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Abstract. Concentrations and fluxes of eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured during October 2006 from a high telecom tower above central London, as part of the CityFlux contribution to the REPARTEE I campaign. A continuous flow disjunct eddy covariance technique with analysis by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry was used. Daily averaged VOC mixing ratios were within the range 1–19 ppb for the oxygenated compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde and acetone) and 0.2–1.3 ppb for the aromatics (benzene, toluene and C2-benzenes). Typical VOC fluxes were in the range 0.1–1.0 mg m−2 h−1. There was a non-linear relationship between VOC fluxes and traffic density for most of the measured compounds. Traffic activity was estimated to account for approximately 70% of the aromatic compound fluxes, whereas non-traffic related sources were found to be more important for methanol and isoprene fluxes. The measured fluxes were comparable to the estimates of the UK national atmospheric emission inventory for the aromatic VOCs and CO. In contrast, fluxes of the oxygenated compounds were about three times larger than inventory estimates. For isoprene and acetonitrile this difference was many times larger. At temperatures over 25° C it is estimated that more than half the isoprene observed in central London is of biogenic origin.

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Hidayat, Nizar Ihromi, and Taufik Faturohman. "Stock Valuation of Telecommunication Provider in Saudi Arabia with the Case Study of Tawal Spin-Off of Saudi Telecom Company (STC)." Journal of Business and Management Studies 6, no. 1 (January 27, 2024): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2024.6.1.9.

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This study investigates the stock valuation implications of the strategic spin-off plan involving Tawal, the biggest telecom tower infrastructure provider in Saudi Arabia, a 100% owned subsidiary of the Saudi Telecommunications Company (STC). Saudi Public Investment Fund (PIF) has sent a nonbinding offer to acquire 51% of Tawal's shares from the STC group, which is aligned with the Saudi Vision 2030 strategy. The findings of this research contribute nuanced insights into the relationship between spin-offs and stock valuation within the context of the telecommunications industry. By scrutinizing the anticipated impact of the Tawal spin-off on STC stock price, this study provides valuable information for investors and the STC group navigating the strategic decisions and their implications for the stock value. The research employs a comprehensive stock valuation framework with absolute-relative valuation, internal-external analysis, and risk assessment to gauge the potential effects on STC's respective stock values of the Tawal spin-off. Comparative analyses conducted within the telecommunications sector in Saudi Arabia offer valuable benchmarks for assessing the performance of STC Group. According to the intrinsic valuation approach and the Discounted Cash Flow model, STC stock price is undervalued compared to the stock price of 19th November 2023 by 38.3 SAR. Assuming the spin-off failed, obtaining the fair price at 41.5 SAR per share based on the DCF model and 54.2 SAR based on the relative valuation PE ratio. If the Spin-off is agreed upon and concluded, the fair price is valued at 42.6 SAR per share based on the DCF model. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation resulted in two results: the gross profit margin is a sensitive variable of the stock price movement, and the buy option is preferable. In line with that, STC has a solid holding organization, is financially healthy, and has sustained a competitive advantage. STC is expected to deploy the liquidity into investment and expansion in the region and globally, generating a higher return to satisfy the investor interest.

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Reddy, Srinivas, and Havovi Joshi. "Made in India: Cisco reroutes innovation." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 2 (July 14, 2014): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-07-2013-0146.

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Subject area – Innovation, reverse innovation, frugal innovation and disruptive innovation. Study level/applicability – Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Executive Education. Case overview – This case describes the strategy adopted by Cisco India to develop the Advanced Services Router 901 (“ASR 901”), which is a next-generation 3G/LTE capable mobile backhaul and carrier Ethernet platform that is deployed at a cellular tower site or business premise to backhaul voice and data traffic into the core of the network. This was part of a larger strategy by Cisco headquarters to understand what could be built in the developing markets for the developing markets, as opposed to products conceived with only developed markets as the focus. Within a time frame of a few months, a team formed from scratch developed the ASR 901, the next-generation global networking technology product that was developed completely – from conception to launch – at the Bangalore site in India. The ASR 901 successfully took on the challenge of delivering all the functionalities and features required by sophisticated telecom clients, while meeting the specific requirements of its customers from the developing markets. ASR 901 was undoubtedly a milestone in Cisco India's indigenous innovation initiatives, and this case discusses the many challenges that had been faced during the process and the actions that had been taken to achieve success during this process. Expected learning outcomes – Through this case, students will understand the concepts of innovation, particularly reverse innovation, frugal innovation and disruptive innovation. They will learn how large organisations have managed to successfully innovate by creating small and independent teams within the organisation. Students would also have the opportunity to analyse and discuss whether the lessons learnt by Cisco, while progressing through the several stages of developing the ASR 901 product, could be applied to similar new initiatives. Supplementary materials – Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

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Avikal, Shwetank, Rahul Singhal, Rajat Sajwan, Rahul Kumar Tiwari, and Rohit Singh. "Selection of Best Power Supply Source for Telecom Towers in Remote Areas." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 913–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.5.070.

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Installation of telecom towers in remote areas especially in developing countries like India is a major problem for telecom industries because of the unavailability of reliable power supply. The grid supply is not regular in these countries and up to some extent, they are dependent on diesel generators for power supply. But these diesel generators have some major issues such as high operating cost due to high cost of fuel, transportation cost of fuel, high maintenance cost, and these diesel generators also emits pollution to the environment. In presented work, an approach has been proposed for telecom companies for providing power supply to their telecom towers. An economic cost analysis has been proposed by considering various criteria such as cost, air & noise pollution and reliability, etc. Some power supply alternatives including unconventional and hybrid of conventional and unconventional alternatives have been compared to find the solution such as diesel-powered telecom towers, solar powered telecom towers, and their hybrids. The main objective of this work is to provide a reliable, cost effective and environment friendly Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system for a particular site in India (Uttar Pradesh). A number of criteria are involved in discussed problem in order to select an effective power supply source. Therefore, the problem has been considered as a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. To select the best alternative, a Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS based approach has been proposed. Fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy process) has been used for calculating the weightage of criteria and the concept of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) has been applied for ranking the alternatives. The results give assured reliability and sustainability for remote areas using a solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel generator hybrid energy system.

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Sharma, Shriram, Prabidhi Shrestha, and Pitambar Shrestha. "Telecom towers under the threat of lightning hazards." Scientific World 15, no. 15 (June 14, 2022): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v15i15.45666.

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Lightning is an extremely complex electrical discharge that occurs within the earth’s atmosphere. It is the biggest threat to communication and transmission towers and damages electronic and electrical equipment beyond repair directly or indirectly. Although the protection against the lightning hazards can be achieved with the available technology and knowledge, such measures are largely overlooked in the developing countries in particular. Protecting communication & transmission towers, communication & transmission systems from the direct lightning strikes and saving human lives, livestock and other property damages from indirect lightning is a big challenge to the service providers. Nepal is a lightning prone country where the communication towers and system are often the victims of lightning strikes. In this study, we have made field assessment at the various sites of Nepal Telecom’s Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Repeater towers for investigating their status pertinent to lightning threat and protective measures adopted in those sites. The main objectives of the field assessment were to investigate the effectiveness of the protective measures adopted, identify their inadequacies and hence to provide appropriate solutions as per the international standards (IEC 62305-4), in order to improve the quality of telecom services. The lightning strikes to the towers inside the Kathmandu valley were recorded to be rare, however it was common in the outskirts. Although, severe damage to the towers were not observed neither were recorded, the status of the towers in the perspective of lightning hazards were not found to be in the sound state. Contact resistance of the earthing system, installation of SPDs and equipotential bonding of the system need to be improved. Further, the protective measures against the hazards due to indirect effects of lightning strikes were found to be extremely poor. We recommend the improvements in protective measures against lightning in the neighborhood of the towers for the human as well as equipment safety.

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Mukherjee, Rahul. "Jio sparks Disruption 2.0: infrastructural imaginaries and platform ecosystems in ‘Digital India’." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718818383.

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In recent years, Reliance Jio’s offer of 4G services, guaranteeing free voice calls and ‘unlimited’ data streaming, lead to disruption in the Indian telecom market with other cellular operators losing their revenue and customer base. To comprehensively analyze this churn in the Indian telecom industry and its impact on mobile phone customers, the article argues for observing the entanglement of infrastructural and platform-related discourses at three levels of operation: Jio’s strategies to capture the Indian telecom market and the responses by the leading incumbent service provider (Airtel), ordinary citizens’ phone use practices and infrastructural encounters, and the government’s vision for India’s digital future. Connecting pipes to platforms, Jio made infrastructural investments (in spectrum, cell towers, and fiber optics networks) to promote its suite of apps (JioTV, JioChat, and JioMoney). Ordinary citizens relate their access/proximity to telecom infrastructure (cell antennas) to their ability to effectively use apps on their phones. ‘Digital India’ vision purportedly facilitated infrastructural growth to create platforms that would support demonetization and facilitate transparent governance. Through such a three-pronged analysis, I conceptualize ‘infrastructural imaginaries’ that are coproduced by states and citizens, and lie at the intersection of structured state policy/corporate initiatives and lived experiences/affective encounters of ordinary citizens.

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Bonea, Amelia. "Technological anxieties: telecom towers and public health controversies in urban India." Contemporary South Asia 25, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2017.1321616.

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Ranjit, Krishna, and Sanjeev Maharjan. "Optimization of Standalone Photovoltaic System Considering Loss of Power Supply Probability for Repeater Station of Nepal Telecom." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 5 (December 12, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v5i0.26682.

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Telecommunication plays the vital role in the human life and has become an integrated part of the society. The rapidly growing information and communications technology and increasing competition in telecommunication markets triggers the telecom operators to extend their networks and services to their potential customers in different geographical locations. It necessitates them to install repeaters and communication towers powered by standalone Photovoltaic system in remote rural areas. This paper presents optimization of standalone photovoltaic system maximizing reliability in one of such remotely located Palethar Repeater Station of Nepal Telecom situated in Dadeldhura district of Far-western region. The optimization is carried out using Genetic Algorithm in MATLAB software for given load profile enhancing reliability of the system with maximum reduction of overall system cost. The loss of power supply probability (LPSP) is considered for reflecting the reliability of the system. The paper discusses different optimal configuration of standalone PV system under various values of LPSP after optimization.

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Thapa, Dinesh, Ram Bharosh Sahu, Prakash Parajuli, and Buddha Ram Shah. "Study of Power Density Transmitted from Cellular Base Station Towers of Nepal Telecom in Biratnagar Sub-Metropolitan City." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15767.

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Background: In this present world, human beings are being exposed directly or indirectly to some kind of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations with the development of recent scientific technologies or by natural phenomena. The study of the measurement of power density (PD) or Radio Frequency (RF) radiated from cellular Base Station Towers (BSTs) is seemed to be important in Nepal like other countries because of its various health effects. In this study, the authors measured the PD radiated from mobile base station towers in Biratnagar sub-metropolitan city, Morang. Methods and Methodology: All together 18 BSTs were selected within Biratnagar for the study purpose. Tenmars TM-196 which is a non-ionizing radiation detector was used to measure the power density. The Global Positioning System (GPS), a space-based satellite navigation system was used to locate the Maximum Peak Point (MPP) from the BSTs. Result: The maximum power density (PD) was observed near Jogbani boarder i.e. 3781.0 µW/m2 which was 0.63% of the NTA guidelines. Similarly, the minimum power density was observed near Rani BRT i.e 1549.3 µW/m2which was 0.26% of the NTA guidelines. Conclusion: From the survey it can be concluded that there is no significant health hazard to the general people due to non-ionizing radiation radiated from Base Station Towers in Biratnagar. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 338-345

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Singh, Bhim, and Ram Niwas. "Single-Phase Power Generation Using Three-Phase Self-Excited Synchronous Reluctance Generator." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0006.

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Abstract This paper presents the single-phase power generation using a three-phase synchronous reluctance generator (SyRG) for a standalone diesel generator (DG) set based standalone supply system. A static compensator (STATCOM) is used for voltage control, harmonics reduction and load balancing on SyRG. The proposed system consists of a SyRG, a variable frequency drive of an induction motor used as a prototype of diesel engine (DE), a STATCOM and single-phase loads. The proposed system feeds single-phase loads in rural areas and telecom towers. The synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT)–based control algorithm is used for the control of STATCOM used for voltage control and load balancing of SyRG.

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Jansen, Gerard, Zahir Dehouche, and Harry Corrigan. "Cost-effective sizing of a hybrid Regenerative Hydrogen Fuel Cell energy storage system for remote & off-grid telecom towers." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 35 (May 2021): 18153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.205.

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Kaur, Rajvir, Vijayakumar Krishnasamy, Nandha Kumar Kandasamy, and Saurabh Kumar. "Discrete Multiobjective Grey Wolf Algorithm Based Optimal Sizing and Sensitivity Analysis of PV-Wind-Battery System for Rural Telecom Towers." IEEE Systems Journal 14, no. 1 (March 2020): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2912899.

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Srinivasan, R. "Mahindra Powerol: powering entrepreneurial growth within a corporate group." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, no. 4 (July 9, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2014-0235.

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Subject area Corporate Strategy, Vertical integration, Diversification. Study level/applicability Graduate. Case overview The case discusses the evolution, decline and turnaround of Mahindra Powerol, a division inside the large Indian business group, Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M). The Powerol division had its genesis from the then Farm Equipment Sector, when they used the surplus capacity in the tractor manufacturing facilities to produce and sell power generators (Gensets). Powerol capitalized on the rapid growth of the Indian telecommunications sector and the need for power backup at remote locations for the mobile communication towers. Adopting a lean asset model, it transformed the industry ecosystem and grew rapidly. As the telecom opportunity saturated, Powerol performance declined, but quickly rebound as it diversified into other products. As Powerol continues its diversification journey, there are questions about how Powerol can leverage the lean asset model that was their source of competitive advantage in the Gensets market, into other businesses. Expected learning outcomes Introduce the fundamental logic of vertical integration. The case elucidates how and when a firm vertically integrates/outsources its operations. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request Teaching notes Instructional Note and Case consent form.

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Dhoopam, Sankara Ganesh. "A Comparative Study on Lattice Tower Angle Member Capacities as Per Indian, American, and BSEN Standards." Power Research - A Journal of CPRI, March 1, 2024, 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33686/pwj.v19i2.1145.

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The transmission lines and Telecommunication networks are normally supported by lattice towers. Therefore, the reliability of these essentials depends much on the reliability of the towers and their foundations. In Both telecom and power transmission line sectors, the towers are mass-produced and generally based on optimized tower weight and foundation volumes. The weight of a tower is influenced to a great extent by the selection of tower configuration, choice of bracing patterns, choice of steel grade, and profile type. The towers in general are lattice types consisting of main legs, diagonals, horizontals, cross-arm members, and peak members. The telecommunication and power transmission line tower members are generally made of steel equal-angle sections. These tower members are modeled and analyzed as pin-jointed 3-dimensional space truss models and the members are subjected to axial forces, either axial compression or axial tension in nature. Estimation of member compression capacity is the most vital parameter in design as per respective local standards and proving those estimations during full-scale model tower testing if carried out. This paper presents the differences in axial compression capacity of angle members as per Indian, American, and European standards viz., IS: 802 (Part 1/Sec 2)-2016, IS 800-2007, ASCE 10-15 and BS EN 1993-3-1:2006.

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Avikal, Shwetank, Amit Kumar Singh, K. C. Nithin Kumar, Biru Rajak, and Gaurav Kumar Badhotiya. "A decision-making approach for installation of telecom tower." Materials Today: Proceedings, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.228.

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Mitra, Anuradha, V. Sridhar, and Gopal K. Sarangi. "Way leaves, rights of way and ducting policies for 5G mobile network deployment in India using international best practices." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, December 18, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-03-2023-0037.

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Purpose This paper aims to draw lessons for telecommunications (telecom) network deployment in India, from a study of policy and regulatory approaches taken by other federal administrations in streamlining processes for site clearances, grant of rights of way (RoW) and approvals for local infrastructure deployment and sharing. With the urgent need for setting up small cells and rapid fiberisation of networks in the 5G era, the importance of such processes has gained prominence. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt qualitative thematic content analysis with three-tier coding and classification to identify themes in archival and current documentary data and information obtained from subject-matter experts in the countries studied. Findings Formulation and implementation of telecom policy is led by national governments. However, national telecom administrations, in recognition of new needs, have co-opted states and local authorities as partners in development of telecom networks, providing the overall framework, guidance and appropriate incentives where required. Practical implications This cooperative model could work well in India, where telecom policy making and regulation is the prerogative of the central government, but administration of RoW and local clearances for cable laying, tower siting and associated infrastructure activities for expanding telecom networks are left to decentralised decision-making in the states and local bodies. Originality/value This research attempts to sytematise, thematise and draw cross-country comparisons to inform regulatory and administrative policy for 5G infrastructure rollout in India.

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"Calzavara using EFOY Pro 12000 Duo backup power at telecom tower." Fuel Cells Bulletin 2018, no. 8 (August 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-2859(18)30286-4.

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"SFC deal for German radio tower sites, telecom partnership for North America." Fuel Cells Bulletin 2019, no. 12 (December 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-2859(19)30505-x.

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Bhattacharya, Sumanta, and Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev. "The role of telecom industry towards a new vision to make India Digitally powerful in the age of globalization." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, November 18, 2021, 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/anfo.2021.2.6.9.

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The Telecom Sector of India has grown over the years and emerged as the second largest today. The reliance Jio has planned to launch 5G in the second half of the 2021. since the launch of Jio we have seen a rapid penetration of Internet services in India. India has the 2nd largest telecom industry in India and the cheapest net provider to its people. There are 500 million active data users and by 2024 it is estimated to have more than 800 million active users and manufacture of 1 billion smart phones in the upcoming years. India is also working towards its objective to empower people digitally. We have seen a rise in the use of digital platform during the pandemic period and also India is taking it steps ahead towards digital economy. The sad reality behind this is even where India is about to launch 5G service in India 90% of the population in India are digitally illiterate with only 8% of the population have access to a laptop or a computer. India also has a poor cyber security system and the data is vulnerable of every user. We also have poor tower connection in many areas with only 25 % of the net is connected by fiber. India needs to upgrade its telecom industry and provide net facilitates to all its people as the Internet is going to dominate the future. India’s Telecom industry contributes to 6.5% of the GDP.

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Ribeiro, Miguel, Diogo Teixeira, Pedro Barbosa, and Nuno Jardim Nunes. "Using passive Wi-Fi for community crowd sensing during the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Big Data 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00675-3.

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AbstractSensing passersby and detecting crowded locations is a growing area of research and development in the last decades. The COVID-19 pandemic compelled authorities and public and private institutions to monitor access and occupancy of crowded spaces. This work addresses the detection of crowds in points of interest (POI) by using a territory grid analysis categorizing POIs by the services available in each location and comparing data gathered from a community passive Wi-Fi infrastructure against mobile cellular tower association data from telecom companies. In Madeira islands (Portugal), we used data from the telecom provider NOS for the timespan of 4 months as ground truth and found a strong correlation with sparse passive Wi-Fi. An official regional mobile application shows the occupancy data to end-users based on the territory categorization and the passive Wi-Fi infrastructure in POIs. Occupancy data shows historical hourly trends of each location, and the real-time occupation, helping visitors and locals plan their commutes better to avoid crowded spaces.

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Sharma, Sumit, Yog Raj Sood, Sanjay Kumar, Vineet Kumar, and Vineet Kumar. "Renewable based techno-economic analysis for telecommunication system: A case study of western Himalaya." Wind Engineering, April 20, 2023, 0309524X2311694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x231169469.

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This research article presents a technoeconomic analysis of an RET-based model for powering a hilly remote area telecom tower in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Using the HOMER software tool with various evolutionary algorithms, the study found that the most feasible configuration was 30 kW of SP panels, 10 kW of DG units, 20 batteries, and 10 units of converter with a minimum energy cost value of 0.256 $/kWh. The energy cost values from various evolutionary techniques such as HHO, WOA, PSO, and GA were also observed to be competitive. After policy intervention and government subsidies, the cost of energy reduced to 0.167 $/kWh, which is significantly less compared to the diesel-powered system. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was carried out for changes in solar radiations, ambient temperature, and diesel fuel prices to determine the best optimal configuration for the study.

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Mu’tamaria, Mu’tamaria. "The Influence of Profitability Ratio To Share Price On Telecommunication Company Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2013-2015." International Journal of Accounting & Finance in Asia Pasific 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/ijafap.v1i1.116.

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Influence is a power that can shape or change something else. So in this study the authors examine about how much power that is or caused by the analysis of Profitability ratios to stock prices. The purpose of this research is to know the profitability ratios of telecommunication companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013-2015, to know the stock price of telecommunication company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013-2015, and to know how influence profitability ratio to stock price of telecommunication company . This research is conducted on telecommunication companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013-2015 that is, PT. XL Axiata Tbk, PT. Smartfren Telecom Tbk, PT. Indosat Tbk, PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk, PT. Tower Bersama Infrastruktur Tbk, PT. Solusi Tunas Pratama Tbk, PT. Inti Bangun Sejahtera Tbk. The data used are secondary data in the form of financial statements.

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Thakur, Kishore Kumar, Satya N. Gupta, and Keshav Sharma. "Everything on Tower (EoT) – Enabling Broadband Access in Rural Areas Through License-Exempt Spectrum – Making the Business of Rural Broadband Happen." Nordic and Baltic Journal of Information & Communications Technologies, February 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/nbjict1902-097x.2020.009.

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This paper mainly aims to throw the light on telecom technologies of today and tomorrow. It briefly discusses, how technologies are now starting to be available to connect every village and also it details challenges faced by the technologies in rural areas. With these in mind, a total innovative business model is required to deliver Internet services to rural areas. In order to meet this need, a Danish technology start-up called BLUETOWN took the initiative to significantly enhance the quality of life of rural people in India in various villages of Eastern India by setting up a network of public Wi-Fi hotspots in various villages of India. The challenges from a technology point of view were many. The systems that provided the solution needed to be cost-effective, low maintenance and affordable to the rural masses [1].

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"Using Work Ability Index and work-related stress to evaluate the physical and mental fitness of Iranian telecom tower climbers." Journal of Injury and Violence Research 10, no. 2 (July 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v10i2.996.

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Junaidi, M. Hasan. "ANALISIS PEMBANGUNAN BTS DAN PERENCANAAN ZONA PERSEBARAN BTS BERSAMA DI KABUPATEN SAMPANG." EXTRAPOLASI 8, no. 02 (December 11, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/exp.v8i02.991.

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Berdasarkan hasil survey tahun 2010, jumlah menara yang ada di Kabupaten Sampang adalah sebanyak 130 menara Base Transmission Station dari sembilan (9) operator telekomunikasi, yaitu: Telkomsel, Indosat, XL Axiataindo, HCPT, Mobile-8, Smart Telecom,NTS, STI dan Telkom Flexy. 130 menara Base Transmission Station dari 9 operator ini adalah untuk melayani 875,960 penduduk pada tahun 2010 yang tersebar pada area seluas 1.233,30 KmÂ². Idealnya 1 menara Base Transmission Station dengan 3 sektor antenna dan 4 kanal di setiap sector mampu menangani lalu lintas telekomunikasi hingga 1.000 pengguna selular dengan asumsi grade of service 2% dan rata-rata pendudukan kanal per pelanggan selular per hari adalah selama 3 menit. Dengan demikian kontribusi 130 menara Base Transmission Station di Kabupaten Sampang saat ini mampu melayani 130.000 pelanggan selular. Bila belum ada pengendalian menara tersebut, maka dalam 5 tahun ke depan jumlah menara yang tidak terkendali di Kabupaten Sampang akan meningkat menjadi +400 menara. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengendalikan pertumbuhan menara di Kabupaten Sampang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Mendapatkan jenis struktur menara Base Transmission Station yang lebih efisien untuk dibangun di Kabupaten Sampang. (2) Merencanakan zona persebaran menara Base Transmission Station di Kabupaten Sampang dengan menggunakan konsep dan implementasi menara bersama. Hasil penelitian adalah (1) Berdasarkan kriteria bobot struktur dan biaya yang dibutuhkan, jenis menara Base Transmission Station yang paling efisien digunakan pada ketinggian 40 m adalah struktur menara Self Supporting Tower kaki 3. (2) Dengan menggunakan konsep dan implementasi menara bersama adalah a. terdapat 130 menara Base Transmission Station yang ada di Kabupaten Sampang yang berada pada 51 lokasi. b. Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan menara Base Transmission Station hingga 5 tahun ke depan (tahun 2015), maka dibutuhkan 374 menara Base Transmission Station untuk melayani lalu lintas selular di Kabupaten Sampang. c. Memperhatikan potensi menara yang ada sebagai menara bersama, terdapat 96 menara yang ada yang berada pada 65 lokasi yang bisa dipertimbangkan untuk menjadi menara bersama. Untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pendirian menara baru telah disediakan sebanyak 59 zona menara bersama yang telah disesuaikan untuk mengisi ruang-ruang yang belum terlayani oleh menara yang ada.Kata kunci : Base Transmission Station, Self Supporting Tower, menara bersama

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"Smart Agriculture on Computers and Handheld Devices." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 1177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2021/991022021.

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Technology plays an important role in development, even though it seems that technology has modified certain aspects of it in areas where development is challenging. Telecom has been successfully implemented all over the world. In a developing country like Pakistan, technology can be found in even the most remote villages. Nowadays, a mobile tower can be seen anywhere, and many people use mobile phones. With the help of Information and Communication Technology, this beautiful use of technology has helped growth of almost every profession. Saving crops from diseases has become a major concern for policymakers in the twenty-first century. Countries are also working to increase yields in order to satisfy rising domestic demand and generate exportable surpluses. Farmers fertilize a variety of crops for food, fiber, and hay for their livestock. The available resources are limited and cannot be increased. Different diseases, such as black stem rust of wheat, orange or leaf rust of wheat, fungicides, and others, cause damage to wheat, cotton, maize, and millet, resulting in a marginal to 100% loss in production. All major food crops, such as wheat, cotton, maize, and millet, are continuously attacked by unique diseases, making it difficult to enforce policies or procedures that would improve per-hectare production. There are several apps available for agricultural guidance, but ours is interesting in that it is written in Sindhi, while other apps are written in English. Sindh has a large population, and the female literacy rate was 43% last year, compared to 47% the year before. In contrast to 2012-19, male education in Sindh has decreased from 72% to 67%. So, if a person does not understand the language, how can he be properly guided? That is why we have developed an app in Sindhi

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Elhakim, Yasmin, Nahla Hazem, Tawfik Ismail, Mohamed Mahmoud, and Irene Fahim. "Towards greener telecommunication towers: A framework for “LEED for telecom towers”." Cogent Engineering 10, no. 1 (March 6, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2023.2185953.

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"Intelligent Energy to power Ascend telecom towers across India." Fuel Cells Bulletin 2014, no. 2 (February 2014): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-2859(14)70044-6.

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Karthiga, S., and A. M. Abirami. "Hybrid deep learning model for efficient prediction of telecom data using EMF radiation." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, December 8, 2022, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-220408.

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EMF has a variety of biological impacts and has an impact on the metabolic process in the human body. Antenna towers, anechoic chambers, and other sources can all produce this. Some of the human populations live very close to the EMF-emitting antenna towers. We can make humans aware of the EMF radiation and protect from diseases if there is a proper method to anticipate the EMF radiation of antennas installed in different places. For the study of telecom data and EMF emission, many machine learning and deep learning techniques have been developed in recent years. Predictive analytics played a bigger part in this. For prediction, it comprises advanced statistics, modeling and more machine learning methodologies. However, the appropriate hyper parameters must be established for the model’s effective prediction, but this cannot be guaranteed in a dynamic environment where the data is always changing. The learning model’s performance improves when these parameters are optimized. The goal of this study is to use the Telecom dataset to create a novel hybrid deep learning model for forecasting the trend of EMF radiations. The patterns were first discovered using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) combined with the Particle Swarm Optimization method (PSO). Later to boost its performance the hybrid approach (MLP-RFD-PSO) was developed and 98.8% accuracy was achieved.

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Deevela, Niranjan Rao, Tara C. Kandpal, and Bhim Singh. "A review of renewable energy based power supply options for telecom towers." Environment, Development and Sustainability, January 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-02917-7.

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G V, Ashok, and Dr Vasanthi Kumari P. "To Optimize Network Call Drops and Enhances Real Time (CDR) Data Handling with Security." BSSS Journal of Computer, May 25, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/jc1111.

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The telecom networks generate multitudes and large sets of data related to networks, applications, users, network operations and real time call processing (Call Detail Record (CDR)). This large data set has the capability to give valuable business insights - for example, real-time user quality of service, network issues, call drop issues, customer satisfaction index, customer churn, network capacity forecast and many more revenue impacting insights. As even setting up of more towers for better coverage would also directly affect the health of habitants around. In this paper, the overall condition of call drops has been reviewed and possible ways to minimize the spectacles of network call drops. Applied Linear Regression algorithm which is used type of predictive analysis. Three major uses for regression analysis Determining the strength of predictors, Forecasting an effect and Trend forecasting. This paper gives to telecom service providers to improve their networks and minimize the network call drops with security. Deliver quality of services to their subscribers using the advanced technologies with accurate algorithms.

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Deevela, Niranjan Rao, Bhim Singh, and Tara C. Kandpal. "Techno-economics of solar PV array-based hybrid systems for powering telecom towers." Environment, Development and Sustainability, April 9, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01379-z.

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Jimenez Capilla, Jose A., Ying Wang, and James Mark William Brownjohn. "Damping estimation using free decays response in short telecom structures." Advances in Structural Engineering, September 16, 2021, 136943322110427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211042780.

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The constant changes to which telecommunications have accustomed us in recent decades oblige a similar adaptation in other branches of engineering. Structures such as monopoles and short lattice towers are becoming increasingly wind-sensitive and dynamically active with the introduction of 5G technology, which will require new larger and heavier antenna equipment. Expert consultants agree the need to revise the current accounting for structural damping that has not changed in design codes after more than 30 years. A complete set of full-scale field tests is presented to obtain reliable structural damping values in short communications structures. The described methodology analyses free-decaying responses obtained after excitation of the main analysed cantilevered modes in the time domain. A standardized acquisition system based on local accelerometers and an external innovative system using the Video GaugeTM system are required to obtain the desired responses, which use curve-fitting and the eigensystem realization algorithm to estimate modal properties such as the corresponding modal structural damping. The results obtained using the presented methodology agree on higher values of structural damping for both damping estimators and perfectly converge with consultant feedback, which suggested over-conservative (i.e. low) values of structural damping as compared to the conventional values used in civil engineering.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Telecom tower'

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