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Chandra ; Jonathan Hans Yoas Sihotang, Jansen. "SOPO BATAK TOBA RESILIENCE TECTONICS TOWARD EARTHQUAKE STUDY OBJECT: SOPO NAGARI SIHOTANG." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 3, no. 03 (July 5, 2019): 222–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v3i03.3333.222-239.
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Abstract- Sopo is a granary house in traditional Batak Toba architecture. Sopo is important for Batak Toba community because it serves as a place to store rice which is the source of life. Nowadays sopo is harder to find than ruma. Most of the sopo has transformed into Batak Toba house and uses as a residence. Sopo is located in Lake Toba, North Sumatra, which is prone to earthquakes. Sopo Nagari Sihotang was built in the 1920s and has experienced many earthquakes, now the sopo still survive without any structural damage. The resistance of the sopo over the years proves the sopo resilience to earthquakes. From the evidence of resilience to earthquake, its interesting to investigate the tectonics of this sopo. The purpose of the research is to understand the tectonic of Sopo Nagari Sihotang that resilience to earthquake and find local wisdom in facing earthquake disaster.The research used descriptive method with qualitative approach by describing the existing state of Sopo Nagari Sihotang and comparing it with tectonic theory and earthquake resistant structure. The sopo’s data were collected by field observation and literature study. The data are grouped into four parts, namely construction, detail, space, and ornaments that become points for analysis of tectonics. Tectonic analysis is associated with the theory of earthquake resistant structures to find out what makes tectonic of the sopo resilient to earthquakes.The result is the tectonic resilience of the Sopo Nagari Sihotang to earthquakes are found in the tectonics construction in the use of materials; tectonics detail on vertical structures and horizontal structures; and tectonics space at the story height – the activity, the spatial form – the building hape, the spatial form - the structure, and the activity - the structure. The tectonic resilience of Sopo Nagari Sihotang to earthquakes is not found in the tectonics construction and tectonics ornament. The local wisdom which are the main factors make the sopo resilience to earthquake are found on, the tectonics detail of the sopo post-batu ojahan can retain the sopo by relying on the frictional force resulting from self-weight of the sopo; the tectonics detail of the sopo post-ransang can bind every sopo posts; the use of lightweight wood materials thus reducing inertia forces. Key Words: resilience, tectonics, sopo, earthquake, Batak Toba
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Vladimir, Filatov, and Bolotnova Liubov. "Upper Kama potassium salt deposit tectonic scheme based on physical modeling results and geological and geophysical data." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-5-38-46.
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Introduction. The territory of the Upper Kama potassium salt deposit (UKPSD) which has been actively developed since 1932, is characterized by abnormal technogenic overload on the geological environment. This load destroys the natural balance of the geological environment, the restoration of which is accompanied by hazardous dynamic events, from rockbursts to induced earthquakes of various magnitudes. Dynamic conditions of UKPSD is determined by many factors, among which a significant role is played by tectonic factors. Tectonic structure in the form of tectonic features or criteria (or other equal conditions) are taken into account first of all when fulfilling dynamic zoning of UKPSD territory and predicting the areas of possible manifestation of dynamic events. As soon as structural and tectonic elements of geological environment are characterized by similarity and hierarchy, it is advisable to study the tectonics of the deposit at various scales by corresponding geological and geophysical methods applying physical simulation data. Research methodology. Tectonic structures similarity and hierarchy (with a crack analysed as a copy of a fault), determined the two-stage technique of studying the tectonic structure of UKPSD territory. At the first stage, according to physical simulation data, areas influenced by the deep faults enclosing the Solikamsk depression and UKPSD were reconstructed. At the second stage, analyses was carried out of UKPSD fault strike azimuths determined by geological and geophysical methods. Research results. According to the results of the physical simulation, the dimensions of the area of dynamic impact of all faults enclosing the Solikamsk depression taking into account their kinematic type, and strikes and kinematics of faults within the zone of each fault were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out together with rose diagrams of strike azimuths of faults in the foundation and faults in UKPSD depth determined according to the results of magnetic field local anomalies interpretation, geomorphological data, satellite and aerial images. Summary. Tectonic scheme of UKPSD is not random. It is determined basically by the kinematics of deep faults enclosing UKPSD, and the tectonics of the foundation.
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Tu, Qingyi, Yuanping Cheng, Sheng Xue, Ting Ren, and Xiang Cheng. "Analysis of the Coal and Gas Outburst Mechanism from the Perspective of Tectonic Movement." Geofluids 2021 (July 1, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9988420.
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Coal and gas outburst is the extreme instability caused by stress, gas, and coal. In this review article, dominant factors and inducing factors of outburst were summarized; geologic features of typical outburst cases and the effects of tectonic movement on outbursts were analyzed; the outburst stages with considerations to geologic factors were divided. It was found that inducing factors, including buried depth, tectonic movement, gas composition, coal seam conditions, overlying/underlying rock conditions, and mining mode, control the outburst by influencing the dominant factors (stress, gas, and coal). Among them, tectonic movement is the key of outburst. Influenced by tectonic movement, the primary structure of coals is damaged/pulverized due to the tectonic stress and unique tectonic mode, resulting in the formation of tectonic coals. When external dynamic factors are changed, tectonic coals are crucial to outburst control for its evolution of porous structure as well as the unique mechanical behaviors and gas flowing responses. Besides, the preparation stage of outburst includes the tectonic process and mining process. The former one refers to the restructuring process of the original coal-bearing strata by tectonic movement, while the mining process is the prerequisite of outburst and it refers to the disturbance of human mining activities to the initial coal seams. It is suggested that more work is required on geological factors of outburst, and a few research areas are proposed for future research.
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Nguyen, Hoang Kim. "Gold metallogenic zoning and mineralized prospect in Dalat zone." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i2.1434.
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Dalat structural zone was had formed in tectonic setting of continental margin arc in late Mesozoic, have given structural and metallogenic zoning. In this Dalat structural zone, gold is one of the few endogenous minerals is significant mineralization in the study and search - exploration. Endogenic gold distribution in Dalat zone are controlled by main factors such as: structure – locally tectonics (structural fold, brittle fault, structure of dome top of granitoid intrusions, tectonic setting), intrusion (related to gold mineralization), stratigraphy-lithology (environmental containments: volcanic, igneous, terrigenous sedimentary rocks, dykes). Based on analysis of factors of ore control, 138 gold mineral deposits, mineral occurrences and mineralized occurrences, and research several characteristic gold mineral doposits, and mineral occurrences, conducting gold metallogenic zoning, and evaluating the potential of these gold ore regions. These results mean a lot to innovated to next gold prospecting - mineral exploration.
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Wang, Chen. "Analysis of Controlling Factors of Fuyu Reservoir Accumulation in Zhaoyuan-Taipingchuan Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2753.
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In the past decade, no geological research has been done in Zhaoyuan-Taipingchuan area. The research and understanding on the area is still in 1990s and far away from meeting the needs of exploration. What has to be done now is to further analyze the accumulation factors from points-view of tectonic characteristics, tectonic division and tectonic controlling over sedimentation. Deeper understanding on fault-lithology and lithology hydrocarbon reservoir is especially important for favorable hydrocarbon zone evaluation and target zone selection. Taking these into account, accumulation factors are briefly introduced in the article.
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Markejevaitė, Lada. "TRAINING OF TECTONIC SKILLS IN ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES/TEKTONIZAVIMO ĮGŪDŽIŲ UGDYMAS ARCHITEKTŪROS STUDIJOSE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2008.32.34-40.
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Tectonic expression of forms maintains the importance developed in architecture for a long time, but changing conditions force it to become more complex and integrate more factors. Tectonics creates preconditions for architecture as a sincretic art. So the tectonic nature of architecture becomes of great interest for the creative process. It becomes meaningful to introduce multiple and diverse problems of tectonics into architectural education. The creative work of a contemporary architect is stimulated by generation of distinctive architectural forms which are based on the nature of materials, logical adoption of structures and development of artistic appearance. Skills in modelling a tectonic form play an important role in the process of creation a sound architectural form. Therefore, it is worth to improve the methods of teaching and develop tectonic skills in a more effective way. In the process of education understanding of the interrelation of the main tectonic elements – material, structure and form (artistic appearance) – is developed. It is important to develop tectonic skills during the entire educational process. At separate educational stages different problems of architectural tectonics should be analysed, while interrelation of the main tectonic elements is to be disclosed constantly. Tectonic skills are to be developed simultaneously integrating all the relating disciplines. The educational programs of some schools feel lack of complexity in developing tectonic skills and demonstrate insufficient interdisciplinary connection and the continuity of knowledge. The necessity of a new model of complex studies is evident. To secure a gradual process of tectonic studies, a complex three-levelled model of acquiring tectonic skills is presented. Each level of the model is characterized by progressive acquaintance with the tectonic form. The first level examines tectonic characteristics in non-architectural objects and is an experimental stage; the second level is cognition of architectural tectonic systems and tectonic features of an architectural context; the third level is interpretation based on the tectonic theme: with the help of artistic appearance, an architectural object is tectonically embodied and made meaningful. The stage of interpretation of a tectonic system is the highest level of training compositional skills which integrates the main study disciplines and intensifies students’ artistic intuition. At each level of the model one of the three main elements of tectonics is emphasized: at the first level – material, at the second level – structure and at the third level – form. Santrauka Per ilgą laiką susiformavusi tektoninė formų raiška išlieka svarbi architektūroje ir šiais laikais, tačiau kintant gyvenimo sąlygoms tampa kompleksiškesnė ir integruojanti daugiau raiškos aspektų. Tektonika sukuria prielaidas architektūrai reikštis kaip sinkretiniam menui – taigi tektoninio formos pavidalo paieška atsiduria kūrybinio proceso dėmesio centre. Atsirado poreikis daugialypę, įvairiapusę tektonikos problematiką įtraukti į architektūros studijas – tektonizavimo įgūdžių ugdymo procesą. Kūrybinis šiuolaikino architekto darbas yra įkvėptas išskirtinių architektūrinių formų, kurios yra pagrįstos medžiagų prigimtimi, logišku konstrukcijos panaudojimu ir meninės raiškos sukūrimu. Formos tektoninio modeliavimo įgūdžiai yra svarbūs kuriant visapusiškai užbaigtą architektūrinę formą. Todėl svarbu patobulinti mokymo metodus ir ugdyti tektoninius įgūdžius efektyvesniu būdu. Mokymo procese formuojamas trijų tektonikos elementų tarpusavio ryšio supratimas – medžiagos, konstrukcijos ir formos (meninės raiškos). Svarbu ugdyti tektonizavimo įgūdžius viso mokymo proceso metu. Skirtingose pakopose turi būti analizuojamos vis kitokios architektūrinės tektonikos temos ir nuosekliai atskleidžiamas tektonikos elementų tarpusavio ryšys. Tektonizavimo gebėjimai turi būti ugdomi vienu metu integruojant visas su juo susijusias disciplinas. Kai kurių aukštųjų mokyklų mokymo programoms trūksta kompleksiškumo, nepakanka tarpdisciplininio ryšio ir žinių perimamumo, todėl naujo mokymo modelio poreikis yra akivaizdus. Siekiant užtikrinti nuoseklų tektonikos studijų procesą, pateiktas kompleksinis trijų pakopų tektonizavimo įgūdžių ugdymo modelis. Kiekviena kompleksinio tektonizavimo įgūdžių ugdymo modelio pakopa skiriama formos tektonizavimo įgūdžiams įtvirtinti skirtinguose lygmenyse. Pirmoji pakopa – tektoninių ypatybių atskleidimas nearchitektūriniuose dariniuose – galėtų būti apibūdinta kaip eksperimentinis etapas, antroji pakopa – architektūros tektoninių sistemų tipų ir jų raidos pažinimas, trečioji pakopa – tektoninių sistemų interpretavimas kaip meninės interpretacijos, pagrįstos tektonikos tematika, etapas: meninės raiškos priemonėmis objektas yra tektoniškai įkūnijamas ir įprasminamas. Interpretavimo pakopa yra aukščiausia kompozicinių gebėjimų įtvirtinimo pakopa, kuri integruoja studijų disciplinas ir sustiprina studento meninę intuiciją. Kiekvienoje modelio pakopoje yra akcentuojamas vienas iš trijų pagrindinių tektonikos elementų: pirmojoje – medžiaga, antrojoje – konstrukcija, trečiojoje – forma.
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Mouslopoulou, Vasiliki, John Begg, Alexander Fülling, Daniel Moraetis, Panagiotis Partsinevelos, and Onno Oncken. "Distinct phases of eustatic and tectonic forcing for late Quaternary landscape evolution in southwest Crete, Greece." Earth Surface Dynamics 5, no. 3 (September 8, 2017): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-511-2017.
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Abstract. The extent to which climate, eustasy and tectonics interact to shape the late Quaternary landscape is poorly known. Alluvial fans often provide useful indexes that allow the decoding of information recorded on complex coastal landscapes, such as those of the eastern Mediterranean. In this paper we analyse and date (using infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating) a double alluvial fan system on southwest Crete, an island straddling the forearc of the Hellenic subduction margin, in order to constrain the timing and magnitude of its vertical deformation and discuss the factors contributing to its landscape evolution. The studied alluvial system is exceptional because each of its two juxtaposed fans records individual phases of alluvial and marine incision, thus providing unprecedented resolution in the formation and evolution of its landscape. Specifically, our analysis shows that the fan sequence at Domata developed during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 due to five distinct stages of marine transgressions and regressions and associated river incision, in response to sea-level fluctuations and tectonic uplift at averaged rates of ∼ 2.2 mm yr−1. Interestingly, comparison of our results with published tectonic uplift rates from western Crete shows that uplift during 20–50 kyr BP was minimal (or even negative). Thus, most of the uplift recorded at Domata must have occurred in the last 20 kyr. This implies that eustasy and tectonism impacted the landscape at Domata over mainly distinct time intervals (e.g. sequentially and not synchronously), with eustasy forming and tectonism preserving the coastal landforms.
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Majcin, Dušan, Dušan Bilčík, and Tomáš Klučiar. "Thermal state of the lithosphere in the Danube Basin and its relation to tectonics." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2015-0020.
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Abstract The area of the Danube Basin is interesting in the light of the evaluation both of the lithosphere structure and of various theories of Carpathian-Pannonian region tectonic evolution. The aim of this paper is to analyse both the thermal conditions in the Danube Basin and the mutual relations to geological structure and tectonic development of the region under study. First the improved distributions of the terrestrial heat flow density and of the lithosphere thickness were constructed using recently gained geophysical and geological knowledge. Then the critical analysis of existing models of the tectonic development of the region under study was carried out. The tectono-thermal interpretation activities were accomplished by new geothermal modelling approach for transient regime which utilizes also the backstriped sedimentology data as a control parameter of model. Finally the McKenzie’s “pure-shear” model of the Danube basin was constructed as acceptable conception for used geothermal and tectonic data. The determined stretching parameter has an inhomogeneous horizontal distribution and the thinning factors express the depth dependency for separate lithospheric layers.
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Yartsev, E. I., A. A. Burmistrov, and I. V. Vikentyev. "FACTORS OF LOCALIZATION AND PREDICTION OF MINERALIZATION IN DZHUSA MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT (SOUTH URALS)." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 2 (April 28, 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2018-2-48-58.
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Analysis of tectonic displacements along fractures and faults enabled to reveal changes in character of tectonic deformations resulted from tectonic evolution of the Magnitogorsk island arc. Structural conditions of localization of ore mineralization of various types were investigated in the open pit of the Dzhusa deposit. The ore shoot on block diagram of the deposit coincides with intersection of NW-trending and sublongitudinal faults. Trends in distribution of enriched mineralization are slightly different for various metals. The data obtained enable to predict position of rich ore bodies at deeper levels of the deposit and help in prospecting for new deposits in the Terensai ore field.
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Kluykov, A. A. "Determination of vector Euler parameters." Geodesy and Cartography 932, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-932-2-2-9.
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Improving the accuracy of points coordinates determination from geodetic networks with the use of modern space geodesy techniques (GPS, SLR, VLBI, DORIS) identified factors that were earlier considered as insignificant. Such factors include the movement of tectonic plates. This made possible the transition from the static coordinate system model to the kinematic one. For the effect of the tectonic plates movement on the points coordinates you must know kinematic parameters of the tectonic plates movement – the Euler vector parameters – angular velocity of the tectonic plates rotation and the poles rotation coordinates (latitude and longitude) of tectonic plates. Many modern kinematic models of tectonic plates are used observations, performed by geophysical methods, to estimate kinematic parameters of the tectonic plates movement. The article presents the algorithm that allows to estimate the parameters of the tectonic plates movement from mathematical processing of geodetic measurements carried out at points distributed over the surface of tectonic plates. Based on the presented algorithm the EULER program was developed in the algorithmic FORTRAN language, which was experimentally tested. The analysis results showed that the parameters of the Euler vector obtained by the EULER program are in good agreement with the results obtained by using ITRF 2005 and ITRF 2008 models.
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WANG, Youzhi, and Shihui WANG. "Porosity Characteristics of Tectonic Coal and Its Controlling Factors." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 89, s1 (August 20, 2015): 460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12307_23.
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Gong, Lei, Shu Jun Guo, Shuai Gao, Xian Xian Tao, and Jian Guo Huang. "Distribution Characteristics of Fractures in the Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs of Anpeng Oilfield, China." Advanced Materials Research 909 (March 2014): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.463.
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Using the data of cores, outcrops, thin sections and image logs, we analyzed the fracture distribution characteristics in the ultra-low permeability reservoirs of Anpeng oilfield. Then, we analyzed the main factors controlling the development of fractures. There are tectonic fractures and diagenetic fractures in the ultra-low permeability reservoirs. Tectonic fractures with high dip-angle are the main fracture type. Under the stresses resulting from horizontal tectonic compressions in the Early and Late Himalayan movements, three sets of tectonic fractures formed in the study area, i.e. E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE orientations. The E-W oriented fractures are developed better, then the NE-SW and NW-SE oriented fractures. The formation and distribution of these tectonic fractures are controlled by the tectonic stress field, lithology, porosity, permeability, layer thickness and structures. Under the same controlling factors, the origin types, occurrences and development characteristics of fractures in shallow-to mid-depth reservoirs are similar to that in the deep reservoirs. But fractures developed better in the deep reservoirs than that in the shallow-to mid-depth reservoirs.
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Ang, Marcus, Jodhbir S. Mehta, Chelvin C. A. Sng, Hla Myint Htoon, and Donald T. H. Tan. "Indications, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Failure in Tectonic Keratoplasty." Ophthalmology 119, no. 7 (July 2012): 1311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.01.021.
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YUAN, Yu-Song, Shu-Chun YANG, Sheng-Biao HU, and Li-Juan HE. "Tectonic Subsidence of Qiongdongnan Basin and Its Main Control Factors." Chinese Journal of Geophysics 51, no. 2 (March 2008): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.1216.
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Alekseev, Viktor. "Tectonic and magmatic factors of Li-F granites localization of the East of Russia." Journal of Mining Institute 248 (May 25, 2021): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.2.1.
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We have investigated tectonic and magmatic factors of Li-F granites localization of the East of Russia. The study is based on the ideas of Far Eastern geologists about the deep structures of intraplate activity. A model of a source structure with mantle heat sources and ore-forming magmatic complexes was used. We carried out a special metallogenic analysis of the East of Russia as applied to the rare metal-tin-bearing formation of subalkaline leucogranites, including Li-F ones.
Source structures are the main factor in the tectonic and magmatic development of the East of Russia, localization of ore-forming granites and the formation of rare-metal-tin ore regions. On deep layers of source structures there are areas of the mantle and earth's crust decompaction, heat, magmas and fluids sources, as well as granitoid cryptobatholiths. Relatively large massifs of leucogranites, small intrusions of tin monzonitoids and Li-F granites are concentrated near the modern surface. The source structures correspond to the rank of the ore region. The source structures in the South of the region are: Badzhalskaya, Miao-Chanskaya, Ippato-Merekskaya, Hogdu-Lianchlinskaya, Arminskaya, etc.; in the North: Pevekskaya, Kuiviveem-Pyrkakayskaya, Kuekvun-Ekiatapskaya, Iultinskaya, Telekayskaya, Central Polousnaya, Omsukchanskaya, etc. Three types of ore regions have been identified according to the degree of source structures and Li-F granites erosion.
We have also outlined the patterns of source structures evolution and their place in the geological history of ore-bearing granites. A classification of source structures and its comparison with the classifications of regional intrusives and metallogenic subdivisions are proposed. It has been established that, despite the diversity of tectonic, geological and petrological settings in the East of Russia, the intrusions of Li-F granites are regulated by the same tectonic and magmatic factors. The tectonic and magmatic factors of Li-F granites localization in the East of Russia are identified and classified as geophysical, orogenic, geoblock, magmatic, metasomatic and disjunctive.
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Hu, Yang, Zhi Ping Wu, and Guang Zeng Wang. "Hydrocarbon Accumulation Dominant Factors and Modes of Minghuazhen Formation in Chengdao Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 628 (September 2014): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.628.372.
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Chengdao area is a multiple hydrocarbon accumulation belt with the typical tectonic background, and its main target stratum is Neogene. However, the exploration and recognition level of Minghuazhen Formation is still at the primary stage. Based on the comprehensive analysis of seismic, well-logging, logging and geochemical data, and combined with its structural characteristics, intensity of fault activity and reservoir-caprock assemblage, this paper systematically analyzed the dominant factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in Minghuazhen Formation, and clarified that the tectonic setting controlled where the hydrocarbon enriched, intensity of fault activity influenced how much of hydrocarbon enriched and the reservoir-seal assemblage dominated hydrocarbon accumulation strata. Then two types of hydrocarbon accumulation models, that is, main fault-sand body and main fault-secondary fault–sand body were established.
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Lemenkova, Polina. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MARIANA TRENCH GEOMORPHOLOGY USING R PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE." Geodesy and cartography 45, no. 2 (September 3, 2019): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2019.3785.
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This paper introduces an application of R programming language for geostatistical data processing with a case study of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean. The formation of the Mariana Trench, the deepest among all hadal oceanic depth trenches, is caused by complex and diverse geomorphic factors affecting its development. Mariana Trench crosses four tectonic plates: Mariana, Caroline, Pacific and Philippine. The impact of the geographic location and geological factors on its geomorphology has been studied by methods of statistical analysis and data visualization using R libraries. The methodology includes following steps. Firstly, vector thematic data were processed in QGIS: tectonics, bathymetry, geomorphology and geology. Secondly, 25 cross-section profiles were drawn across the trench. The length of each profile is 1000-km. The attribute information has been derived from each profile and stored in a table containing coordinates, depths and thematic information. Finally, this table was processed by methods of the statistical analysis on R. The programming codes and graphical results are presented. The results include geospatial comparative analysis and estimated effects of the data distribution by tectonic plates: slope angle, igneous volcanic areas and depths. The innovativeness of this paper consists in a cross-disciplinary approach combining GIS, statistical analysis and R programming.
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Wang, Guang Zeng, Zhi Ping Wu, Chao Liu, and Yang Hu. "Fault Activity’s Controlling Effect on Source Rock an Example from Bohai Sea Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 628 (September 2014): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.628.366.
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Based on the fault activity, geochemical data and predecessor research results on tectonic subsidence and source rock of Bohai Sea Area, this paper took Bohai Sea Area as an example to compare its structural activity factors with its source rock indexes, and then to explore fault activity’s controlling effect on source rock. And the results shows: source rock thickness is mainly controlled by fault throw of boundary fault, but it is also be influenced by others factors in different stages; Fault activity rate, climatic conditions etc. factors are all key factors influencing organic matter percentage in source rock. And the key factors may change in different stages; Present organic matter maturities in different source rock are controlled by their present tectonic subsidence. And the bigger the tectonic subsidence, the higher the maturity; Source rock qualities on different structural belts are influenced by their distances away from the boundary fault, and the closer, the better. But quality on central uplift belt is worse than that on sub-sag belt flank.
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Guo, Yu, Jing Zhou Zhao, and Qian Wang. "The Influence of Tectonic Characteristics on the Accumulation of CBM in H Area." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.56.
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There are several geological factors affecting the accumulation of CBM, including tectonic condition, burial depth, coal thickness, coal rank, gas content, permeability, reservoir pressure, desorption pressure and hydrological condition, etc. This article analyzes the influence of tectonic characteristics on the accumulation of CBM in H area, combining the tectonic characteristics and the actual production data, finally conclusions can be drawn that the uplifting movement of crust after coal-forming period could break the original adsorption equilibrium, then CBM would escape under unfavorable preservation condition; different scales of fractures and folds formed by tectonic movements play an important role in the preservation and dissipation as well as in the enrichment and accumulation.
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Pankov, I. L. "THEORETICAL ESTIMATION OF IN-SITU STRESSED STATE OF ROCK MASSIFES UNDER CONDITIONS OF." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 4, no. 1 (2019): 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2019-4-1-292-304.
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System of physical equations was obtained, which determines the relationship between main stresses and corresponding strains for the conditions of the all-round compression tectonic stress field in a virgin compacted intact massif of rocks. Estimated formulas for determining the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses of an intact massif, which is under conditions of plane-directional tectonic influence depending on the factors of vertical pressure, porosity and deformation modulus of rocks, are obtained. The behavior of the horizontal stress distribution from the vertical pressure is considered under the influence of various factors.
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Filatov, Vladimir V., and Liubov A. Bolotnova. "On the seismic activity of the Upper Kama potassium salt deposit." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-1-60-67.
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Introduction. The exploitation of the earth's subsoil on an industrial scale leads to a disturbance of equilibrium state of the geological environment and, as a consequence, to the manifestation of various dynamic events in it: sinkholes, rockbursts, induced earthquakes of various magnitudes, etc. Therefore, the problem of predicting such events or phenomena becomes urgent. About two dozen factors determining the state of geological environment and its dynamic regime have been identified in the course of solving this problem for the territory of Upper Kama (Verkhnekamskoe) potassium salt deposit (VKMKS): structural, tectonic, geomorphological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical, geophysical and others. Based on these factors-features, the zoning of the VKMKS territory was performed and the areas most likely for dynamic events manifestation were established. Among the factors-features stand out the dynamic events, which directly indicate the disturbance places of the geological environment’s equilibrium state. Among the features are the following: number and type of events, epicenters position, their relationship with the structural-tectonic elements of the geological environment’s structure and, first of all, with active faults. The purpose of this work is to compare the characteristics of a dynamic event that occurred in the area of SKRU-2 (Solikamsk mine-2) in 1995, with the geological structure of this area. Research methodology. The results of geological and geophysical studies carried out on the territory SKRU-2 are summarized, the characteristics of tectonic rockbursts are analyzed and the structuraltectonic and seismic data were compared. Research results. The structural-tectonic diagram of SKRU-2 territory was constructed and the relationship between the dynamic event and the structural features of the SKRU-2 territory was evaluated. Summary. The comparison of tectonic rockbursts characteristic and the structural-tectonic location of SKRU-2 territory has shown that the mine area is a nodal structure formed by active faults and complicated by fracture zones. Therefore, the probability of dynamic event focus development in such conditions is very high.
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Hnidets, V. P., K. H. Hryhorchuk, and L. V. Balandyuk. "PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS TEСTONO-SEDIMENTATION SYSTEM OF THE BLACK SEA MEGADEPRESSION." Geological Journal, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2021.2.224399.
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Based on the analysis of the distribution of structural-material complexes, facial-genetic types and modeling of the history of immersion of the Lower Cretaceous sediments, the spatial-temporal differentiation of the tectonic regime of the Black Sea megadepression in the Early Cretaceous was established. It is shown that the structural and lithologicalfacial features of the Lower Cretaceous tectonic-sedimentation system were determined by the interaction of tectonic and geological-paleooceanographic factors. Thus, the low sea level and the initial phases of activation of sublatitudinal faults in the Hoterivian-Aptian determined the dominant influence of submeridional tectonic faults on the formation of the corresponding structural-facial block zonation. The increase in the area of the basin, the removal of denudation areas in the Late Albian reduced the intensity of terrigenous discharge, and the prolonged activity of sublatitudinal faults led to the formation of sublatitudinal structural-facial zonation. In the subsequent geological history, the tectonic regime was characterized by a complex mosaic-block character, which influenced the heterogeneity of oil and gas lithofluid systems of Cretaceous deposits.
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Repina, K. V. "Natural factors forming the quality of carbonate raw materials." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 3 (January 8, 2019): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111873.
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The article is devoted to the study of natural factors that influence the regularities in the distribution of the quality of carbonate raw materials in the deposits of the Articulation Zone of the Donbass Basin with the Priazovskiy block of the Ukrainian Shield. Paleogeographic conditions of sedimentation and the processes of secondary quality change were established by comparing the lithologic-stratigraphic sections of deposits in different parts of the Articulation Zone: from the west (Novotroitskoe deposit) through the center (Elenovskoe deposit) and to the east (Karakubskoe deposit). The variability in the quality of carbonate raw materials was estimated from the results of statistical processing of the chemical analysis of exploratory samples. Geochemical associations were established for carbonate rocks within the stratigraphic horizons of each deposit. The best in quality of all deposits of the Donbass Articulation Zone are the carbonate rocks of the Cl t c horizon. The conditions for their formation were the most stable. They are characterized by a negative connection of the main quality component (CaO) with all other quality indicators. At the same time, the association of indicators associated with a significant positive connection is retained: SiO2, R2O3, S.The process of forming carbonate strata are accompanied by intense silicification processes that relate to climatic changes in temperature, salinity and depth of the sea basin. This is confirmed statistically, because the significant negative correlation between the main component of quality and silica is established on the horizons of carbonate rocks with an increased silica content. The process of dolomitization of the carbonate stratum took place in two stages. At the beginning of the accumulation of the carbonate layer, the sea basin was characterized by lower temperatures and higher magnesium contents than in the subsequent period. Therefore, the lower stratum of the Novotroitskoe and Elenovskoe deposits include sedimentary dolomites. Later, the conditions changed, so there are no dolomites in the Karakubskoe deposit. The second stage of dolomitization is associated with the post-carbon andesite-trachyandesite magmatic complex. The rocks of this complex are found in the carbonate stratum in the form of interplastic intrusions, dikes and stock-like bodies. This contributed to the appearance of sulphide mineralization, zones of silicification and recrystallization of carbonate minerals in spot-dolomitized limestones. The structural-tectonic factor, which is manifested by intensive leaching processes, exerts the greatest influence on the degradation of the quality of carbonate raw materials. In zones of tectonic disturbances, they have maximum extension areas. The structural transformationsthat began in the Donbas after the early Carboniferous disrupted the primary stratified occurrence and quality of the carbonate thickness. The upper Visean horizons are subject to intensively leached, similar to tectonic,melange.The contribution made by these studies to scientific knowledge lies in the identification of the natural factors that determined not only the quality of carbonate rocks, but also indicators of the development stages of the Donbass Articulation Zone of two major tectonic structures - Donbass and the Ukrainian Shield. The practical significance of the results of the work is connected with the fixed possibility of conducting geological and technological mapping and further construction of varietal maps of the deposits of carbonate raw materials.
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Makarova, N. V., A. S. Gusel’tsev, T. V. Sukhanova, and V. M. Makeev. "Geological conditions of suffosion processes development and their acitivity at Sal-Don neotectonic upland (Rostov NPP area)." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 6 (December 21, 2019): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-78092019619-29.
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Suffusion processes and their influence on the stability of the Rostov NPP site are investigated. Geological, tectonic, geomorphological, hydrogeological conditions, as well as anthropogenic factors affect the development and intensification of suffusion. These conditions and factors include the following: predominance of Pliocene and Quaternary sands in the geological cross-section; the presence of clay aquiclude underlying sandy deposits; natural seasonal and human-induced fluctuations of the water level in the Tsimlyansk reservoir; as well as pumping of groundwater. The buried relief in the shape of a slope dissected by erosional gullies are also of great importance. These erosional depressions are probably channels, along which sand is removed to the Tsimlyansk water reservoir. It is suffusion that may be the reason of surface subsidence that causes deformation of ground basements and inclinations of some engineering structures at NPP. Recent tectonic conditions control the formation of active zones and fracturing in the mantle deposits favoring percolation of surface water. Suffusion amplified by tectonic and technogenic factors results in the subsidence of soil basement in some places at the NPP site, displacement of reference marks, and inclination of engineering structures.
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Chotchaev, Khyisa, Vladislav Zaalishvili, and Boris Dzeranov. "Natural endogenous factors of geoecological transformation of the mountain part of North Ossetia." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 07025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016407025.
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Geoecological transformation of the biocenosis habitat is an evolutionary process, predetermined by the interaction of the lithosphere with the hydrosphere, atmosphere and the solar system as a whole, under the condition of anthropogenic impact absence. Geoecological transformation occurs under the influence of many natural factors of an endogenous and exogenous nature, the effects of which in the mountainous areas are especially intensive and damageable, due to the sharp and intense exposure forms of exogenous factors of the erosive destruction, the presence of a large gravitational potential for a spatial removal of the destroyed material, poor protection of the bedrocks by biogeocenosis, low strength of terrigenous rocks, etc. The main factors of the intensive geoecological transformation of the mountain landscape are endogenous geodynamic processes. The Greater Caucasus, as the geosynclinal region of young Alpine orogenesis, is characterized by the active deep geodynamics, the focal zones of which can be activated in time and migrate in the lithosphere, as evidenced by the interchange of the periods of seismic activity and relative passivity of deep geodynamic processes (fault tectonics, seismicity and magmatic manifestations). A high density of the tectonic faults contributes to the weakening of rock strength in the zone of a faulting crop out due to jointing and claying along the friction planes.
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Weihaupt, John G., Frans G. Van Der Hoeven, Claude Lorius, and Frederick B. Chambers. "Origin(s) of Antarctica's Wilkes Subglacial Basin." Antarctic Science 26, no. 4 (December 16, 2013): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102013000746.
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AbstractThe Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB), the largest subglacial basin in East Antarctica, is a topographic depression of continental proportions that lies beneath the East Antarctic continental ice sheet. Discovered by the US Victoria Land Traverse 1959–60, the origin of the WSB and the influence of palaeoclimate on its overlying continental ice sheet have remained uncertain since the time of its discovery. Most explanations of origin favour lithospheric structural control as a function of tectonic activity. Lithospheric flexure due to thermally or isostatically induced uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains was suggested in the 1980s. Lithospheric extension and rifting was proposed in the 1990s. More recent investigations have revealed the presence of fold and thrust belts, casting doubt on flexural and extensional hypotheses as the primary mechanisms, suggesting instead a compressional scenario. While remaining inconclusive, these tectonic mechanisms in one form or another, or in combination, are now believed to have provided the structural control for the origin of the WSB. Not yet comprehensively examined, however, is the role of non-tectonic processes in the formation of the WSB, as they may have influenced the size, configuration, subglacial sedimentation and subglacial topography of the WSB. In this paper we review the tectonic hypotheses and examine post-tectonic climate change along with glacial and marine processes as potentially significant factors in the present condition and configuration of the WSB. In the process, we find that there are a number of features not included in previous investigations that may have been major factors in the modification of the subglacial basin.
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Liu, Jianhao, Caijin Xie, and Junying Rao. "Calculation Model and Influencing Factors of Surrounding Rock Loosening Pressure for Tunnel in Fold Zone." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 6, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6678511.
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This research aims to study the surrounding rock loosening pressure variation law of tunnel in the fold area. Based on the calculation method of surrounding rock loosening pressure for shallow tunnel, a new calculation model of the surrounding rock pressure was proposed for tunnel in the fold area; through this calculation model, the effects of tectonic stress (F), the angle ( φ 1 ) between tectonic stress and horizontal plane, tunnel buried depth (h), friction angle ( θ ), the multiple (k) between tectonic stress and rock mass gravity in the upper part of the tunnel, lateral pressure coefficient ( λ ), and tunnel midline offset (t) on tunnel surrounding rock loosening pressure in fold area are studied, respectively. Results show that in the anticline area, when φ 1 increases, the vertical loosening pressure (q) decreases; when q > 0, the surrounding rock is in the elastic deformation stage, and q decreases monotonously as F increases; when q < 0, the rock mass is in the initial stage of failure, and as F continues to increase, the number of internal cracks increases, the rock mass reaches its ultimate bearing capacity and then fails completely, and q increases linearly in this process; q decreases with the increase of θ and k; the greater k is, the easier it is to reach its bearing limit; the horizontal loosening pressure (e) increased monotonously with the increase of h and λ . The research process of surrounding rock loosening pressure of tunnel in the syncline area is similar to that of tunnel in the anticline area; q decreases with the increase of θ and λ ; q monotonically increases with F increasing.
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Sobolev, S. V., and A. Y. Babeyko. "What drives orogeny in the Andes?" Geology 33, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g21557ar.1.
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Abstract The Andes, the world's second highest orogenic belt, were generated by the Cenozoic tectonic shortening of the South American plate margin overriding the subducting Nazca plate. We use a coupled thermomechanical numerical modeling technique to identify factors controlling the intensity of the tectonic shortening. From the modeling, we infer that the most important factor was accelerated westward drift of the South American plate; changes in the subduction rate were less important. Other important factors are crustal structure of the overriding plate and shear coupling at the plates' interface. The model with a thick (40–45 km at 30 Ma) South American crust and relatively high friction coefficient (0.05) at the Nazca–South American interface generates >300 km of tectonic shortening during 30–35 m.y. and replicates the crustal structure and evolution of the high central Andes. The model with an initially thinner (<40 km) continental crust and lower friction coefficient (<0.015) results in <40 km of South American plate shortening, replicating the situation in the southern Andes. Our modeling also demonstrates the important role of the processes leading to mechanical weakening of the overriding plate during tectonic shortening, such as lithospheric delamination, triggered by the gabbro-eclogite transformation in the thickened continental lower crust, and mechanical failure of the sediment cover at the shield margin.
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Fan, Zhen Feng, Jin Liang Zhang, Xiao Lin Liu, and Jin Kai Wang. "Structural Style in Gentle Slope and its Control Action for Sedimentary and Reservoir Formation of Chenjiazhuang Area in Jiyang Depression for Case." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.84.
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Haft-graben fault basin often have large-scale gentle slope, and the zone of structural style, sedimentary types and forming factor has its unique characteristics. This paper takes Chenjiazhuang area in Jiyang depression for example. By constructing, deposition and accumulation of combining methods Chenjiazhuang area can be divided into three major tectonic units, witch are upliftt zone, slope zone and structural slope-break zone. Different tectonic units develop different sedimentary and reservoir types, and the accumulation controlling factors are also larger differences.
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Tran, Duc-Huy, and Shih-Jung Wang. "Land subsidence due to groundwater extraction and tectonic activity in Pingtung Plain, Taiwan." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-361-2020.
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Abstract. Pingtung coastal plain, located at the active convergent boundary between Philippine Sea Plate and Eurasian Plate, is one of the most active areas regarding tectonic deformation in Taiwan. Groundwater over-pumping for aquaculture along the coast area of Pingtung plain induced a serious land subsidence problem for decades. How much land subsidence contributed by tectonic activity and groundwater pumping is a crucial issue for tectonic study and groundwater management in this area. This study collected the data in different fields and proposed a conceptual model to calculate the quantities of land subsidence caused by natural (tectonic) and human (pumping) factors. The data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) are used to illustrate the total subsidence concerning vertical displacement. A system called the multi-level compaction monitoring well (MCMW) is able to measure the vertical compaction in different depths from the earth surface to the depth of 200 m. Two GPS stations, named CLON and FALI, close to two MCMWs, named Jiadong and Fangliao, are adopted for analysis The data during 2007 and 2016 taken from MCMWs and groundwater observation wells indicate that the compaction in the shallow depth should be mainly caused by groundwater over-pumping due to their high correlation coefficients (from 0.58–0.95). The difference of the vertical deformation between GPS and MCMW indicates that there is deformation beyond the depth within 200 m. From the data and literature, the further vertical deformation should be due to tectonic activity associated with tectonic escape and extrusion of the Taiwan orogen with average vertical deformation from −3.0 to −4.4 mm. Therefore, the quantities of land subsidence contributed by local groundwater over-pumping and regional tectonic activities are successfully separated. The method and concept proposed in this study can be used in land subsidence quantification due to both tectonic activity and groundwater over-pumping.
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Nevstruyev, Viktor, and Olga Kozlova. "Geodynamic and structural factors of porphyritic objects localization in Sikhote-Alin." E3S Web of Conferences 56 (2018): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185604020.
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Ore bearing porphyritic systems of Sikhote-Alin form linear zones in Cretaceous volcanic belt. They are limited to zones of tectonic disturbances at Moho depths of 19-25 mi (30-40 km). Pacific slab lies at around 340 miles (548 km) below the volcanic belt, which matches the slab depth of porphyritic deposits formation belts in the Andes and Indonesia-Tonga region. Formation of porphyry copper systems is linked to the processes of metalliferous fluids intrusion at slab destruction areas near asthenosphere.
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Dalatkazin, T. S., Y. P. Konovalova, V. I. Ruchkin, and P. I. Zuev. "RESEARCH FOR MODERNIZA TION OF RADON EMANA TIONAS THE EXPRESS METHOD AT GEODYNAMIC DIAGNOSTICS." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 4, no. 1 (2019): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2019-4-1-206-220.
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Research for application of radon emanation measurementsat geodynamic diagnostics of the rock massif arepresented. The geodynamic activity participates in formation of radon emanations. For elimination of not tectonic factors on formation of radon emanation the rationing of radon volume activity in soil air is used. The received changes of radon volume activity are confirmed by geodetic survey. The rationing of radon volume activity in soil air allows to use radon measurements for ranging of the revealed abnormal deformation sites - tectonic spheres- onge-odynamic activity degree.
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Gong, Lei, Shuai Gao, Xiaofei Fu, Shumin Chen, Bingyang Lyu, and Jiaqi Yao. "Fracture characteristics and their effects on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in tight volcanic reservoirs: A case study of the Xujiaweizi fault depression, Songliao Basin, China." Interpretation 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): SP57—SP70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0227.1.
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The Xujiaweizi fault depression is located in the northern part of the Songliao Basin, China. The Yingcheng Formation of the Xujiaweizi fault depression is a fractured tight volcanic reservoir. Many primary pores exist in the tight volcanic reservoirs of the Yingcheng Formation, but their connectivity is very poor. The degree of development of tectonic fractures determines the reservoir quality and the probability of hydrocarbon accumulation. To elucidate the fracture characteristics and their effects on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, we analyze the fracture genetic types, characteristics, and controlling factors using data from cores, image logs, and thin sections. Then, we evaluate the matching relationship between tectonic fractures and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation by combining the evolution of the source rocks, analysis of the gas-source fault activity period and evolution of the cap rock sealing ability. We find two types of fractures developed in tight volcanic rocks: primary fractures and secondary fractures. Primary fractures mainly include cooling contraction fractures and cryptoexplosive fractures. Secondary fractures could be further divided into tectonic fractures, dissolution fractures, and weathering fractures. Among them, tectonic fractures are dominant. The distribution of tectonic fractures is controlled by lithology, lithofacies, faults, rock anisotropy, and an unconformity. Tectonic fractures are mainly formed in three phases. The time when the second phase of tectonic fractures formed (the Late Quantou-Qingshankou period) coincided with the peak hydrocarbon generation of the source rocks of the Shahezi Formation. Also at that time, the gas-source faults were active and the cap rock had a good top-seal capacity. Thus, the Late Quantou-Qingshankou period was the main period of natural gas accumulation.
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Stamenković, Vlada, and Doris Breuer. "The tectonic mode of rocky planets: Part 1 – Driving factors, models & parameters." Icarus 234 (May 2014): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.01.042.
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Kuznetsov, V. G., and L. M. Zhuravleva. "Lithological, Biological, and Tectonic Factors Determining the Structure of Oil-and-Gas Reservoirs." Lithology and Mineral Resources 56, no. 4 (July 2021): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0024490221040040.
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Bai, Ying, Hong Liang Wang, Qian Ru Li, and Peng Wu. "Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution and Controlling Factor on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Southern East China Sea Shelf Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1908.
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The East China Sea shelf basin, which is a fault subsidence during the Cenozoic Era, locates in the East China Sea continental shelf. In this paper, balanced section technique has been applied to analyzing the differential evolution in the East China Sea shelf basin south of Cenozoic tectonic and summarizing the control factors of tectonic activities on the petroleum accumulation. Our study results will provide essential data and basis for the distribution of the Cenozoic oil and gas and promote the development of the petroleum exploration in the East China Sea shelf basin.
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ΒΟΥΒΑΛΙΔΗΣ, Κ., Α. ΣΦΕΙΚΟΣ, Θ. ΠΑΡΑΣΧΟΥ, Χ. ΚΕΧΑΓΙΑ, and Δ. ΨΩΜΙΑΔΗΣ. "Η επίδραση της γεωλογίας και της τεκτονικής στην εξέλιξη του υδρογραφικού δικτύου και της υδρολογικής λεκάνης του ποταμού Πάμισου της Θεσσαλίας." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 38 (September 10, 2005): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.18428.
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River Pamisos is a main tributary of Pinios River, draining the SW part of the Thessaly catchment area. The river's drainage basin comprises part of the plain as well as of the mountainous terrain that bounds the broader Thessaly Plain. In this paper we present the results of both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the drainage network and morphology through processing of digitized data with GIS software. Quantitative measurements allowed objectively to compare different landforms and to calculate less straightforward parameters (geomorphic indices) that may be useful for the identifying particular characteristics of the area, such as the level of tectonic activity and geologic conffiocm the analysis of the hydrographie network values for the D and F parameters were calculated. In addition, terrain analysis resulted in useful conclusions about morphologic indices, derivation of hypsographic curves and integrals for the entire study area. Similarly, the morphological study of fluvial terraces together with that of sub-basins resulted in determination of erosive activity of the river. Finally, the analysis of certain morphometric indices obtained from the hydrographie network and morphology subsequent analyses was used to define the influence of geologic formations and tectonics upon the evolution of the river system. One of the major results of this paper is that the shape of the hypsometric curve and the calculation of the hypsometric integral indicate a mature stage of development for the Pamissos River drainage basin. It is generally known that the landscape in recently developed - active orogens is shaped mainly by two factors, tectonic activity and surface erosion. If we accept that the denudation – erosion rates in Hellenic orogen are approximately the same, then the lack of landmass (indicated by hypsometric integral) should implicate a basin expansion due to tectonic control.
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Balázs, Attila, Liviu Matenco, and Didier Granjeon. "Thermo-mechanical and stratigraphic numerical forward modelling: recent advances and their joint application in the Pannonian Basin." Földtani Közlöny 149, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.23928/foldt.kozl.2019.149.3.183.
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Basin analysis and subsidence history provide key insights into sedimentary basin forming mechanisms. Direct observations have long been the only source of information on their thermal and lithological architecture. State of the art modelling techniques today enable the prediction and computation of their formation and evolution constrained by geological field observations, geophysical and deep borehole data. Understanding the inherent connections between large-scale tectonic and local basin-scale surface processes requires the joint application of thermo-mechanical and stratigraphic modelling techniques. To this aim, we combined the thermo-mechanical lithospheric-scale numerical code Flamar and the high-resolution 3D deterministic stratigraphic software DionisosFlow. This joint modelling method quantifies forcing factors, such as crustal and lithospheric thinning, lithospheric flexure, sea-level and climatic variations associated with water and sediment influx and sediment compaction. The modelling shows the migration of extensional deformation in space and time creating deep half-grabens. After a rapid uplift event, the subsequent post-rift times are characterized by continuous kilometre-scale differential vertical movements. The modelled tectonic subsidence and uplift rates and half-graben geometries are imported into the 3D stratigraphic modelling code. Our modelling of a 120 km × 150 km area shows that such scenarios are associated with continental alluvial to shallow-water sedimentation and footwall erosion during the early stages of the syn-rift, followed by rapid deepening during the subsequent syn-rift evolution. Finally, the basins are filled by a large-scale prograding shelf-margin slope system during the post-rift times. We differentiate between unconformities caused by tectonics, sea-level variations or auto-cyclic processes. Our tectonic and stratigraphic results are compared with geological and geophysical constraints from the Pannonian Basin of Central Europe.
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Fan, Chunyan, Xianglu Tang, Yuanyin Zhang, Yan Song, Zhenxue Jiang, Qun Luo, and Baiying Li. "Characteristics and origin of the pore structure of the lacustrine tight oil reservoir in the northwestern Jiuquan Basin, China." Interpretation 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): T625—T636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0108.1.
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The pore structure controls the formation processes of tight oil reservoirs. It is meaningful to study the characteristics and origin of the pore structure of the tight oil reservoir. We have analyzed the pore structure of the tight oil reservoir by thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. We analyze the origin of the pore structure based on sedimentological, diagenetic, and tectonism processes. The porosity of the tight oil reservoirs is mainly approximately 2%–10%, and the permeability is mainly from 0.01 to 0.3 mD. The pores of the lacustrine tight oil reservoir can be classified into the primary pore and the secondary pore. The main pores are matrix micropores and clay intercrystalline pores, as well as a few dissolved pores. However, the primary residual intergranular pore has almost disappeared, leading to a poor connectivity with a general size between 20 and 50 μm. The pore throat is divided into three categories (type I, type II, and type III) according to the porosity, permeability, and throat size and distribution. We determine that the pore structure of the lacustrine tight oil reservoir is related to sedimentary, diagenetic processes, and later tectonic events. The compaction and cementation are the main factors, whereas the dissolution and tectonic events have minor effects.
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Bruno, Luigi, Bruno Campo, Bianca Costagli, Esther Stouthamer, Pietro Teatini, Claudia Zoccarato, and Alessandro Amorosi. "Factors controlling natural subsidence in the Po Plain." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-285-2020.
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Abstract. Understanding the causes and mechanisms of land subsidence is crucial, especially in densely populated coastal plains. In this work, we calculated subsidence rates (SR) in the Po coastal plain, averaged over the last 5.6 and 120 kyr, providing information about land movements on intermediate (103–105 years) time scales. The calculation of SR relied upon core-based correlation of two lagoon horizons over tens of km. Subsidence in the last 120 kyr appears to be controlled mainly by the location of buried tectonic structures, which in turn controlled sedimentation rates and location of highly compressible depositional facies. Numerical modelling shows that subsidence in the last 5.6 kyr is mainly due to compaction of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits (uppermost 30 m).
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Liu, Guoping, Lianbo Zeng, Chunyuan Han, Mehdi Ostadhassan, Wenya Lyu, Qiqi Wang, Jiangwei Zhu, and Fengxiang Hou. "Natural Fractures in Carbonate Basement Reservoirs of the Jizhong Sub-Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, China: Key Aspects Favoring Oil Production." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 4635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184635.
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Analysis of natural fractures is essential for understanding the heterogeneity of basement reservoirs with carbonate rocks since natural fractures significantly control key attributes such as porosity and permeability. Based on the observations and analyses of outcrops, cores, borehole image logs, and thin sections from the Mesoproterozoic to Lower Paleozoic in the Jizhong Sub-Basin, natural fractures are found to be abundant in genetic types (tectonic, pressure-solution, and dissolution) in these reservoirs. Tectonic fractures are dominant in such reservoirs, and lithology, mechanical stratigraphy, and faults are major influencing factors for the development of fractures. Dolostones with higher dolomite content are more likely to have tectonic fractures than limestones with higher calcite content. Most tectonic fractures are developed inside mechanical units and terminate at the unit interface at nearly perpendicular or high angles. Also, where a thinner mechanical unit is observed, tectonic fractures are more frequent with a small height. Furthermore, the dominant direction of tectonic fractures is sub-parallel to the fault direction or oblique at a small angle. In addition, integrating diverse characteristics of opening-mode fractures and well-testing data with oil production shows that, in perforated intervals where dolostone and limestone are interstratified or dolostone is the main lithologic composition, fractures are developed well, and the oil production is higher. Moreover, fractures with a larger dip angle have bigger apertures and contribute more to oil production. Collectively, this investigation provides a future reference for understanding the importance of natural fractures and their impact on oil production in the carbonate basement reservoirs.
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Паламарчук (Palamarchuk), Ирина (Irina) Анатольевна (Anatol'yevna), Ольга (Ol'ga) Степановна (Stepanovna) Бровко (Brovko), Владимир (Vladimir) Васильевич (Vasil'yevich) Беляев (Belyaev), Константин (Konstantin) Григорьевич (Grigor'yevich) Боголицын (Bogolitsyn), Татьяна (Tat'yana) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) Бойцова (Boitsova), Дмитрий (Dmitriy) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) Жильцов (Zhiltsov), Анатолий (Anatoliy) Анатольевич (Anatol'yevich) Слобода (Sloboda), and Наталья (Natal'ya) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) Вальчук (Valchuk). "INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF LICHENS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE VELSK-USTYANSK TECTONIC NODE (ARKHANGELSK REGION)." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018043803.
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The influence of geoecological factors formed in Velsk-Ustyansk tectonic node of the Arkhangelsk region on the state of lichenobiotics was studied. Two of the most common species of bushy lichens are selected as the test systems. The objects of research are two species of bushy lichens, which were used as a test system. From the soil lichens, the species Cladonia stellaris was studied. From the epiphytic lichens, the species Usnea subfloridana was studied. The material was collected in the vegetation period (spring-autumn) from the three test plots (in the center, at the periphery and outside the tectonic node - the background point) in the pine-bilberry forest stands with the same composition.It was established that the ash content of lichen samples Cladonia stellaris and Usnea subfloridana increases in the direction from the background point and further from the periphery to the center of the node. The ash content for samples growing in the center of the tectonic node is in 2-7 times higher than in the background point and reaches of 7 %. The ash content for samples growing in the periphery of the site is in 1.5–2 times higher than in the background point. This dependence indicates a significant accumulation of the metals in the lichen thallomes in the zone of tectonic faults. The similar dependence for both lichens is observed in the content of ascorbic acid, catalase activity and antioxidant activity. It was shown that in the center of the node the lichen contains up to 190 μg·g-1 of ascorbic acid, the catalase activity is up to 17 u.o.d. g-1·s-1, and antioxidant activity is up to 53%, while at the background point these indices do not exceed 130 μg·g-1 , 7 u.o.d. g-1·s-1 and 35%, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that under stress condition there is a free-radical oxidation that can regarded as a marker of development of a non-specific stable in lichens under the influence of various stressors.
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Surikova, Ekaterina. "GEOLOGY AND PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF NOVY PORT FIELD ON THE RESULTS OF THE INTERPRETATION OF 2D SEISMIC AND DEEP DRILLING." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 1 (2019): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-1-206-216.
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The objective of this study was to build a set of structural and isopach maps of seismic sequences, seismic-geological sections, paleo-sections and correlation schemes; structural-tectonic and paleotectonic analysis of Novy Port shaft; to study the influence of tectonic processes and lithological factors on the oil and gas content of Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary sequences. It was concluded that the formation of the structural trap of Novy Port field began in Berrias-Aptian, the most intensive growth of the structure occurs in the post-Turonian time due to the upward movement of the basement block.
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REZAEE, M. R., N. M. LEMON, and R. J. SEGGIE. "Tectonic fingerprints in siderite cement, Tirrawarra Sandstone, southern Cooper Basin, Australia." Geological Magazine 134, no. 1 (January 1997): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756897006407.
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Compositional zoning and dissolution in cement is a direct response to the fluctuation of pore water chemistry, the variation of which during burial can be controlled by many factors, including the interaction between pore water and rock-forming minerals and the mixing of fluids from different origins. This paper suggests that tectonic activity can, by altering the hydraulic gradient, also influence pore water chemistry and lead to dissolution of cement, made clear by zoning within siderite crystals. Three different stages of siderite cement have been described from the Tirrawarra Sandstone in the Moorari and Fly Lake fields of the southern Cooper Basin, here referred to as S1 (early), S2 (middle), and S3 (late). Ragged dissolution surfaces separate the main phases, occurring after precipitation of S1 and S2 with incipient dissolution suggested within S2. Back-scattered electron (BSE) images and electron microprobe analyses clearly differentiate each main phase of siderite. S1 is a homogeneous, iron-rich siderite whereas S2 displays patchy compositional zoning associated with several minor dissolution stages, and S3 commences with even compositional banding and grades into a thick homogeneous phase in the terms of composition.Isotope analyses and fluid inclusion studies indicate that S1 formed at a temperature around 30 °C, S2 precipitated at a minimum temperature of 68 °C, and S3 formed around 102 °C. The heterogeneous, pitted and zoned S2 is thought to have formed during a time of active tectonism in the Cooper Basin, whereas the evenly banded nature of S3 suggests that it precipitated during a quiet tectonic period when pore waters largely remained relatively constant. It appears that siderite cements in the Tirrawarra Sandstone record tectonic activity in the form of irregular growth and dissolution highlighted by compositional zoning with stages of strong dissolution recording particularly active times when pore waters changed composition dramatically. Some zoning could be related in part to tectonic pulses. The temperature recorded by each of the siderite stages allows their precipitation to be tied to a burial history curve, and by making some simple assumptions about that history, the timing of cementation can be estimated. This can be an additional tool for calibrating the thermal history of an area.
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Koral, H., J. Kronfeld, N. Avsar, V. Yanko, and J. C. Vogel. "Major Recent Tectonic Uplift in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2B (2001): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220004162x.
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Radiocarbon dating was carried out in the sediment profiles of four marine sediment cores taken from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. The bay is quite shallow in the present day, and a previous tectonic study had considered that the bay floor might have been subsiding. However, this cannot be so, for the 14C ages would thereby lead to the apparent paradox of normal marine sedimentation having taken place during times when glacio-eustatic sea level lowering would have exposed the bay floor. Rather, we conclude that the floor of Iskenderun Bay on the whole has been experiencing rapid uplift since the end of the Last Glacial, due to a combination of tectonic factors linked to the compression between the Anatolian and African plates.
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Heidebrecht, A. C., and N. Naumoski. "Evaluation of site-specific seismic design requirements for three Canadian cities." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-056.
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Siesmic design requirements as specified in building codes normally use a generic approach in which the seismic response is independent of the site location, except for a single intensity-related parameter used to define the severity of the expected ground motion. In reality, the characteristics of earthquakes that influence structural response depend on both the level of seismic motion and the seismo-tectonic environment at the specific location. This paper describes a methodology for determining seismic design requirements that uses both magnitude (M) and epicentral distance (R) to define the seismo-tectonic environment. Ensembles of actual seismic strong motion records are selected to match the combinations of M and R that dominate the seismic risk at a specific location. These time histories are used to determine both response spectra and seismic response factors (as used in the 1985 edition of the National Building Code, NBCC 1985) for the location in question. This paper applies this methodology to Vancouver, Ottawa, and Quebec City and compares the results with the response spectra and seismic response factors specified in NBCC 1985. The results indicate that a site-specific investigation of seismic design requirements is important in distinguishing between locations having different seismo-tectonic environments. Key words: structures, design, seismic, code, dynamic, acceleration, velocity, spectra, magnitude, epicentral distance.
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Shang, Fu-Hua, Yan-Ming Zhu, Hai-Tao Gao, Yang Wang, Rui-Yin Liu, and Xian-Wei Meng. "Analysis of Developmental Characteristics and Dominant Factors of Pore-Fracture Systems in Lower Cambrian Marine Shale Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Niutitang Formation, Fenggang Block, Southern China." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18461.
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Due to breakthroughs in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and multiple strata around the basin, the northern part of Guizhou adjacent to the Sichuan Basin has become a key area for shale gas exploration. Compared with the Longmaxi Formation, the Niutitang Formation displays greater TOC (total organic carbon) content, depositional thickness and distribution area, but the details remain undetermined. In the study area, the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation typically has high TOC content, maturity and brittle mineral content. The study area has experienced multiple periods of tectonic movement, which have great influence on the fracture and pore characteristics. The fractures are mainly structural fractures and have obvious zoning. The primary types of pores are intraparticle pores, organic matter pores, and interparticle pores. Further, macropores and mesopores less than 50 nm contribute most of the pore volume, while pores less than 2 nm contribute most of the specific surface area. Many factors affect the pore-fracture system, such as tectonism, TOC content, mineral composition, and sedimentary environment. Tectonic movements produce fractures based on the changing stress field, but the degree of fracture development does not agree well with the degree of pore development. The TOC content has good positive correlations with the development of fractures and micropores, especially for nanoporosity, while clay minerals show a negative correlation with the development of fractures but a strong positive correlation with the growth of micropores. Quartz displays a positive correlation with the development of fractures but no good correlation with pore development. Finally, the lithofacies, lithologies and mineral compositions under the control of sedimentary environments are internal factors that can impact the development of pore-fracture systems.
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Cui, Y. J., Y. Li, X. Y. Si, L. X. Yang, Z. F. Liu, F. X. Sun, X. Y. Li, H. W. Zheng, and J. G. Du. "Tectonic Controls on Near-Surface Variations in CH4 and CO2 Concentrations along the Northwestern Margin of the Ordos Block, China." Geofluids 2019 (August 5, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7909483.
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Tectonic controls on near-surface CH4 and CO2 concentrations were investigated by measuring CH4 and CO2 concentrations at the surface and a height of 1.5 m, in the different tectonic units that comprise the northwestern margin of Ordos Block, China, which has a complex tectonic structure and a history of strong earthquakes. CH4 and CO2 concentrations varied from 1905 to 2472 ppb and 397.5 to 458.5 ppm, respectively. Surface CH4 and CO2 concentrations were generally higher than those measured at 1.5 m, but showed similar trends, indicating that the measured CH4 and CO2 predominantly originated from underground gases. The CH4 and CO2 concentrations increased with an increasing strike-slip rate across the faults, and concentrations in the blocks with high internal deformation were much higher than those measured in the stable blocks. Regions of extensional deformation had higher gas concentrations than regions that had experienced compressional deformation. The spatial distribution of CH4 and CO2 at the study site had similar trends to faults associated with the Yinchuan Graben. The results of this study indicated that gas source, gas migration pathway, and tectonic stress were the main factors that influenced gas emission. The key factor is tectonic stress, which controlled the formation of tectonic structures, changed the pathway of degassing, and acted as the driving force for gas migration. The results of this study clarify the mechanism of CH4 and CO2 degassing in faulted regions and suggest that CH4 and CO2 concentrations may be useful precursors in the monitoring of seismic activity. The results may also help inform future assessments of the contribution of geological sources to greenhouse gas emissions.
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Wu, Shiguo, Xinyuan Zhang, Zhen Yang, Tuoyu Wu, Jinwei Gao, and Dawei Wang. "Spatial and temporal evolution of Cenozoic carbonate platforms on the continental margins of the South China Sea: Response to opening of the ocean basin." Interpretation 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): SP1—SP19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0162.1.
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Widespread and tremendously thick Cenozoic carbonate sequences are present along the margins of the South China Sea (SCS). However, most of the sequences have been drowned since the Late Miocene. The stratigraphic architecture of the carbonate platforms in the SCS can provide information on the tectonic evolution of the ocean basin. Based on 2D/3D seismic, well and regional geologic data, we have interpreted the Cenozoic SCS carbonate platforms along the continental margins. The carbonate platforms developed during rifting and initiated on the fault block of the conjugate rifted margins. Most of the carbonate platforms became drowned after the Middle Miocene. The Malampaya Carbonate Sequences, which have thicknesses of greater than 600 m, developed on a horst of an Oligocene rifted block. Tectonic subsidence provided accommodation for the growth of the carbonate platforms. Tectonic tilting, faulting, and the foreland bulge controlled the distributions, thicknesses, and horizontal seismic reflection variations of the drowned carbonate platforms. The tectonic evolution and relative sea-level fluctuations controlled the depositional cycles of the carbonate platforms. We quantitatively calculated the factors that affected the extension and subsidence rates using balanced cross section and backstepping techniques. Our results have demonstrated that the carbonate platforms flourished during the Middle Miocene due to stable tectonic conditions and shrank during the Late Miocene due to rapid subsidence. The relative sea level exerted a second-order control on the evolutionary trend of the carbonate platforms and a third-order control on the evolutionary periods in each stage.
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Krystal, A. "STRUCTURAL AND TECTONIC FACTORS FORMING GAS CONTENT OF COAL-MEASURES UNITS IN WESTERN DONBAS." Tectonics and Stratigraphy, no. 41 (December 18, 2014): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.0375-7773.2014.94602.
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