Academic literature on the topic 'Tectonic factors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tectonic factors"
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Chandra ; Jonathan Hans Yoas Sihotang, Jansen. "SOPO BATAK TOBA RESILIENCE TECTONICS TOWARD EARTHQUAKE STUDY OBJECT: SOPO NAGARI SIHOTANG." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 3, no. 03 (July 5, 2019): 222–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v3i03.3333.222-239.
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Abstract- Sopo is a granary house in traditional Batak Toba architecture. Sopo is important for Batak Toba community because it serves as a place to store rice which is the source of life. Nowadays sopo is harder to find than ruma. Most of the sopo has transformed into Batak Toba house and uses as a residence. Sopo is located in Lake Toba, North Sumatra, which is prone to earthquakes. Sopo Nagari Sihotang was built in the 1920s and has experienced many earthquakes, now the sopo still survive without any structural damage. The resistance of the sopo over the years proves the sopo resilience to earthquakes. From the evidence of resilience to earthquake, its interesting to investigate the tectonics of this sopo. The purpose of the research is to understand the tectonic of Sopo Nagari Sihotang that resilience to earthquake and find local wisdom in facing earthquake disaster.The research used descriptive method with qualitative approach by describing the existing state of Sopo Nagari Sihotang and comparing it with tectonic theory and earthquake resistant structure. The sopo’s data were collected by field observation and literature study. The data are grouped into four parts, namely construction, detail, space, and ornaments that become points for analysis of tectonics. Tectonic analysis is associated with the theory of earthquake resistant structures to find out what makes tectonic of the sopo resilient to earthquakes.The result is the tectonic resilience of the Sopo Nagari Sihotang to earthquakes are found in the tectonics construction in the use of materials; tectonics detail on vertical structures and horizontal structures; and tectonics space at the story height – the activity, the spatial form – the building hape, the spatial form - the structure, and the activity - the structure. The tectonic resilience of Sopo Nagari Sihotang to earthquakes is not found in the tectonics construction and tectonics ornament. The local wisdom which are the main factors make the sopo resilience to earthquake are found on, the tectonics detail of the sopo post-batu ojahan can retain the sopo by relying on the frictional force resulting from self-weight of the sopo; the tectonics detail of the sopo post-ransang can bind every sopo posts; the use of lightweight wood materials thus reducing inertia forces. Key Words: resilience, tectonics, sopo, earthquake, Batak Toba
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Vladimir, Filatov, and Bolotnova Liubov. "Upper Kama potassium salt deposit tectonic scheme based on physical modeling results and geological and geophysical data." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-5-38-46.
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Introduction. The territory of the Upper Kama potassium salt deposit (UKPSD) which has been actively developed since 1932, is characterized by abnormal technogenic overload on the geological environment. This load destroys the natural balance of the geological environment, the restoration of which is accompanied by hazardous dynamic events, from rockbursts to induced earthquakes of various magnitudes. Dynamic conditions of UKPSD is determined by many factors, among which a significant role is played by tectonic factors. Tectonic structure in the form of tectonic features or criteria (or other equal conditions) are taken into account first of all when fulfilling dynamic zoning of UKPSD territory and predicting the areas of possible manifestation of dynamic events. As soon as structural and tectonic elements of geological environment are characterized by similarity and hierarchy, it is advisable to study the tectonics of the deposit at various scales by corresponding geological and geophysical methods applying physical simulation data. Research methodology. Tectonic structures similarity and hierarchy (with a crack analysed as a copy of a fault), determined the two-stage technique of studying the tectonic structure of UKPSD territory. At the first stage, according to physical simulation data, areas influenced by the deep faults enclosing the Solikamsk depression and UKPSD were reconstructed. At the second stage, analyses was carried out of UKPSD fault strike azimuths determined by geological and geophysical methods. Research results. According to the results of the physical simulation, the dimensions of the area of dynamic impact of all faults enclosing the Solikamsk depression taking into account their kinematic type, and strikes and kinematics of faults within the zone of each fault were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out together with rose diagrams of strike azimuths of faults in the foundation and faults in UKPSD depth determined according to the results of magnetic field local anomalies interpretation, geomorphological data, satellite and aerial images. Summary. Tectonic scheme of UKPSD is not random. It is determined basically by the kinematics of deep faults enclosing UKPSD, and the tectonics of the foundation.
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Tu, Qingyi, Yuanping Cheng, Sheng Xue, Ting Ren, and Xiang Cheng. "Analysis of the Coal and Gas Outburst Mechanism from the Perspective of Tectonic Movement." Geofluids 2021 (July 1, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9988420.
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Coal and gas outburst is the extreme instability caused by stress, gas, and coal. In this review article, dominant factors and inducing factors of outburst were summarized; geologic features of typical outburst cases and the effects of tectonic movement on outbursts were analyzed; the outburst stages with considerations to geologic factors were divided. It was found that inducing factors, including buried depth, tectonic movement, gas composition, coal seam conditions, overlying/underlying rock conditions, and mining mode, control the outburst by influencing the dominant factors (stress, gas, and coal). Among them, tectonic movement is the key of outburst. Influenced by tectonic movement, the primary structure of coals is damaged/pulverized due to the tectonic stress and unique tectonic mode, resulting in the formation of tectonic coals. When external dynamic factors are changed, tectonic coals are crucial to outburst control for its evolution of porous structure as well as the unique mechanical behaviors and gas flowing responses. Besides, the preparation stage of outburst includes the tectonic process and mining process. The former one refers to the restructuring process of the original coal-bearing strata by tectonic movement, while the mining process is the prerequisite of outburst and it refers to the disturbance of human mining activities to the initial coal seams. It is suggested that more work is required on geological factors of outburst, and a few research areas are proposed for future research.
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Nguyen, Hoang Kim. "Gold metallogenic zoning and mineralized prospect in Dalat zone." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i2.1434.
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Dalat structural zone was had formed in tectonic setting of continental margin arc in late Mesozoic, have given structural and metallogenic zoning. In this Dalat structural zone, gold is one of the few endogenous minerals is significant mineralization in the study and search - exploration. Endogenic gold distribution in Dalat zone are controlled by main factors such as: structure – locally tectonics (structural fold, brittle fault, structure of dome top of granitoid intrusions, tectonic setting), intrusion (related to gold mineralization), stratigraphy-lithology (environmental containments: volcanic, igneous, terrigenous sedimentary rocks, dykes). Based on analysis of factors of ore control, 138 gold mineral deposits, mineral occurrences and mineralized occurrences, and research several characteristic gold mineral doposits, and mineral occurrences, conducting gold metallogenic zoning, and evaluating the potential of these gold ore regions. These results mean a lot to innovated to next gold prospecting - mineral exploration.
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Wang, Chen. "Analysis of Controlling Factors of Fuyu Reservoir Accumulation in Zhaoyuan-Taipingchuan Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2753.
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In the past decade, no geological research has been done in Zhaoyuan-Taipingchuan area. The research and understanding on the area is still in 1990s and far away from meeting the needs of exploration. What has to be done now is to further analyze the accumulation factors from points-view of tectonic characteristics, tectonic division and tectonic controlling over sedimentation. Deeper understanding on fault-lithology and lithology hydrocarbon reservoir is especially important for favorable hydrocarbon zone evaluation and target zone selection. Taking these into account, accumulation factors are briefly introduced in the article.
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Markejevaitė, Lada. "TRAINING OF TECTONIC SKILLS IN ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES/TEKTONIZAVIMO ĮGŪDŽIŲ UGDYMAS ARCHITEKTŪROS STUDIJOSE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2008.32.34-40.
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Tectonic expression of forms maintains the importance developed in architecture for a long time, but changing conditions force it to become more complex and integrate more factors. Tectonics creates preconditions for architecture as a sincretic art. So the tectonic nature of architecture becomes of great interest for the creative process. It becomes meaningful to introduce multiple and diverse problems of tectonics into architectural education. The creative work of a contemporary architect is stimulated by generation of distinctive architectural forms which are based on the nature of materials, logical adoption of structures and development of artistic appearance. Skills in modelling a tectonic form play an important role in the process of creation a sound architectural form. Therefore, it is worth to improve the methods of teaching and develop tectonic skills in a more effective way. In the process of education understanding of the interrelation of the main tectonic elements – material, structure and form (artistic appearance) – is developed. It is important to develop tectonic skills during the entire educational process. At separate educational stages different problems of architectural tectonics should be analysed, while interrelation of the main tectonic elements is to be disclosed constantly. Tectonic skills are to be developed simultaneously integrating all the relating disciplines. The educational programs of some schools feel lack of complexity in developing tectonic skills and demonstrate insufficient interdisciplinary connection and the continuity of knowledge. The necessity of a new model of complex studies is evident. To secure a gradual process of tectonic studies, a complex three-levelled model of acquiring tectonic skills is presented. Each level of the model is characterized by progressive acquaintance with the tectonic form. The first level examines tectonic characteristics in non-architectural objects and is an experimental stage; the second level is cognition of architectural tectonic systems and tectonic features of an architectural context; the third level is interpretation based on the tectonic theme: with the help of artistic appearance, an architectural object is tectonically embodied and made meaningful. The stage of interpretation of a tectonic system is the highest level of training compositional skills which integrates the main study disciplines and intensifies students’ artistic intuition. At each level of the model one of the three main elements of tectonics is emphasized: at the first level – material, at the second level – structure and at the third level – form. Santrauka Per ilgą laiką susiformavusi tektoninė formų raiška išlieka svarbi architektūroje ir šiais laikais, tačiau kintant gyvenimo sąlygoms tampa kompleksiškesnė ir integruojanti daugiau raiškos aspektų. Tektonika sukuria prielaidas architektūrai reikštis kaip sinkretiniam menui – taigi tektoninio formos pavidalo paieška atsiduria kūrybinio proceso dėmesio centre. Atsirado poreikis daugialypę, įvairiapusę tektonikos problematiką įtraukti į architektūros studijas – tektonizavimo įgūdžių ugdymo procesą. Kūrybinis šiuolaikino architekto darbas yra įkvėptas išskirtinių architektūrinių formų, kurios yra pagrįstos medžiagų prigimtimi, logišku konstrukcijos panaudojimu ir meninės raiškos sukūrimu. Formos tektoninio modeliavimo įgūdžiai yra svarbūs kuriant visapusiškai užbaigtą architektūrinę formą. Todėl svarbu patobulinti mokymo metodus ir ugdyti tektoninius įgūdžius efektyvesniu būdu. Mokymo procese formuojamas trijų tektonikos elementų tarpusavio ryšio supratimas – medžiagos, konstrukcijos ir formos (meninės raiškos). Svarbu ugdyti tektonizavimo įgūdžius viso mokymo proceso metu. Skirtingose pakopose turi būti analizuojamos vis kitokios architektūrinės tektonikos temos ir nuosekliai atskleidžiamas tektonikos elementų tarpusavio ryšys. Tektonizavimo gebėjimai turi būti ugdomi vienu metu integruojant visas su juo susijusias disciplinas. Kai kurių aukštųjų mokyklų mokymo programoms trūksta kompleksiškumo, nepakanka tarpdisciplininio ryšio ir žinių perimamumo, todėl naujo mokymo modelio poreikis yra akivaizdus. Siekiant užtikrinti nuoseklų tektonikos studijų procesą, pateiktas kompleksinis trijų pakopų tektonizavimo įgūdžių ugdymo modelis. Kiekviena kompleksinio tektonizavimo įgūdžių ugdymo modelio pakopa skiriama formos tektonizavimo įgūdžiams įtvirtinti skirtinguose lygmenyse. Pirmoji pakopa – tektoninių ypatybių atskleidimas nearchitektūriniuose dariniuose – galėtų būti apibūdinta kaip eksperimentinis etapas, antroji pakopa – architektūros tektoninių sistemų tipų ir jų raidos pažinimas, trečioji pakopa – tektoninių sistemų interpretavimas kaip meninės interpretacijos, pagrįstos tektonikos tematika, etapas: meninės raiškos priemonėmis objektas yra tektoniškai įkūnijamas ir įprasminamas. Interpretavimo pakopa yra aukščiausia kompozicinių gebėjimų įtvirtinimo pakopa, kuri integruoja studijų disciplinas ir sustiprina studento meninę intuiciją. Kiekvienoje modelio pakopoje yra akcentuojamas vienas iš trijų pagrindinių tektonikos elementų: pirmojoje – medžiaga, antrojoje – konstrukcija, trečiojoje – forma.
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Mouslopoulou, Vasiliki, John Begg, Alexander Fülling, Daniel Moraetis, Panagiotis Partsinevelos, and Onno Oncken. "Distinct phases of eustatic and tectonic forcing for late Quaternary landscape evolution in southwest Crete, Greece." Earth Surface Dynamics 5, no. 3 (September 8, 2017): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-511-2017.
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Abstract. The extent to which climate, eustasy and tectonics interact to shape the late Quaternary landscape is poorly known. Alluvial fans often provide useful indexes that allow the decoding of information recorded on complex coastal landscapes, such as those of the eastern Mediterranean. In this paper we analyse and date (using infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating) a double alluvial fan system on southwest Crete, an island straddling the forearc of the Hellenic subduction margin, in order to constrain the timing and magnitude of its vertical deformation and discuss the factors contributing to its landscape evolution. The studied alluvial system is exceptional because each of its two juxtaposed fans records individual phases of alluvial and marine incision, thus providing unprecedented resolution in the formation and evolution of its landscape. Specifically, our analysis shows that the fan sequence at Domata developed during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 due to five distinct stages of marine transgressions and regressions and associated river incision, in response to sea-level fluctuations and tectonic uplift at averaged rates of ∼ 2.2 mm yr−1. Interestingly, comparison of our results with published tectonic uplift rates from western Crete shows that uplift during 20–50 kyr BP was minimal (or even negative). Thus, most of the uplift recorded at Domata must have occurred in the last 20 kyr. This implies that eustasy and tectonism impacted the landscape at Domata over mainly distinct time intervals (e.g. sequentially and not synchronously), with eustasy forming and tectonism preserving the coastal landforms.
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Majcin, Dušan, Dušan Bilčík, and Tomáš Klučiar. "Thermal state of the lithosphere in the Danube Basin and its relation to tectonics." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2015-0020.
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Abstract The area of the Danube Basin is interesting in the light of the evaluation both of the lithosphere structure and of various theories of Carpathian-Pannonian region tectonic evolution. The aim of this paper is to analyse both the thermal conditions in the Danube Basin and the mutual relations to geological structure and tectonic development of the region under study. First the improved distributions of the terrestrial heat flow density and of the lithosphere thickness were constructed using recently gained geophysical and geological knowledge. Then the critical analysis of existing models of the tectonic development of the region under study was carried out. The tectono-thermal interpretation activities were accomplished by new geothermal modelling approach for transient regime which utilizes also the backstriped sedimentology data as a control parameter of model. Finally the McKenzie’s “pure-shear” model of the Danube basin was constructed as acceptable conception for used geothermal and tectonic data. The determined stretching parameter has an inhomogeneous horizontal distribution and the thinning factors express the depth dependency for separate lithospheric layers.
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Yartsev, E. I., A. A. Burmistrov, and I. V. Vikentyev. "FACTORS OF LOCALIZATION AND PREDICTION OF MINERALIZATION IN DZHUSA MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT (SOUTH URALS)." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 2 (April 28, 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2018-2-48-58.
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Analysis of tectonic displacements along fractures and faults enabled to reveal changes in character of tectonic deformations resulted from tectonic evolution of the Magnitogorsk island arc. Structural conditions of localization of ore mineralization of various types were investigated in the open pit of the Dzhusa deposit. The ore shoot on block diagram of the deposit coincides with intersection of NW-trending and sublongitudinal faults. Trends in distribution of enriched mineralization are slightly different for various metals. The data obtained enable to predict position of rich ore bodies at deeper levels of the deposit and help in prospecting for new deposits in the Terensai ore field.
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Kluykov, A. A. "Determination of vector Euler parameters." Geodesy and Cartography 932, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-932-2-2-9.
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Improving the accuracy of points coordinates determination from geodetic networks with the use of modern space geodesy techniques (GPS, SLR, VLBI, DORIS) identified factors that were earlier considered as insignificant. Such factors include the movement of tectonic plates. This made possible the transition from the static coordinate system model to the kinematic one. For the effect of the tectonic plates movement on the points coordinates you must know kinematic parameters of the tectonic plates movement – the Euler vector parameters – angular velocity of the tectonic plates rotation and the poles rotation coordinates (latitude and longitude) of tectonic plates. Many modern kinematic models of tectonic plates are used observations, performed by geophysical methods, to estimate kinematic parameters of the tectonic plates movement. The article presents the algorithm that allows to estimate the parameters of the tectonic plates movement from mathematical processing of geodetic measurements carried out at points distributed over the surface of tectonic plates. Based on the presented algorithm the EULER program was developed in the algorithmic FORTRAN language, which was experimentally tested. The analysis results showed that the parameters of the Euler vector obtained by the EULER program are in good agreement with the results obtained by using ITRF 2005 and ITRF 2008 models.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tectonic factors"
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Chhun, Eath. "Ordovician igneous rocks of the central Lachlan Fold Belt : geochemical signatures of ore-related magmas /." University of Sydney. Geosciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/610.
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The majority of economic gold deposits in NSW are associated with Ordovician-aged igneous rocks and are examples of the Cu-Au porphyry-skarn-epithermal association commonly developed in convergent margin to orogenic settings. They are among the oldest porphyry Cu-Au deposits in the Pacific Rim region. They are similar to younger deposits in terms of tectonic setting and structure, but the largest are chemically distinct, being associated with shoshonite magmas (Cadia, Ridgeway and Northparkes). The Lachlan Fold Belt (LFB) porphyries are subdivided into four sub-groups based mainly on their age relative to development of the Lachlan Transverse Zone (LTZ) structure. Two subgroups pre-date the LTZ, one group is syn�LTZ and one group post-dates the LTZ. No mineralisation has been found or reported among pre-I.TZ porphyries. but it is common in post- . l Z_ porphyries. Petrographic analysis and microprobe results establish a wide range of primary and secondary features within the Ordovician rocks examined in this study. Cale alkaline to shoshonitic affinities are supported by the variable abundance of primary K-feldspars. Primary mineral phases such as pyroxenes and igneous magnetite provide an indication of fractioning mineral assemblages responsible for igneous trends in magma chemistry. The hydrothermal mineral assemblages documented in these LFB study areas are characteristic of younger Cu-Au Porphyry style mineralisation. As expected, the most pervasive alteration is associated with highly mineralised shoshonitic Ordovician rocks at Ridgeway, and Cadia. the less strongly mineralised calc alkaline Ordovician rocks at Cargo. Copper Ilill and Fairholme. are correspondingly less strongly altered overall. although secondary mineral assemblages are locally abundant. Many varieties of oxides and carbonates are observed at the different study localities. Most of the studied samples conform to igneous chemical trends because they are weakly altered, although post magmatic processes, such as veining, are detectable in certain trends. The K2O enrichment of the studied samples is consistent with subductionmoditied mantle wedge sources. A few effects, such as the high Fe203 contents of some Ridgeway samples, probably reflect porphyry-style hydrothermal alteration processes. Host rocks at the Cadia and Ridgeway are entirely alkalic on the K2O versus SiO2 plot and shoshonitic on the Total Alkalies versus SiO2 plot. Igneous rocks at the other deposits display a range of compositions between low K tholeiites to shoshonites that in some cases reflects multiple igneous suites. The LREE and L1LE enrichments, and HFSE depletions (Nb, Ta and Ti) of the magmas associated with these deposits are characteristics of a subduction-related tectonic setting. They all fall in the volcanic-arc granite and syn-collisional granite field of the Nb-Y tectonic discrimination diagram. Several magma types are identified by differences in the HFSE and REE trends. Differences in the extent and style of magma fractionation are evident in the trace element data. The Ridgeway samples define a wider range of trace element concentrations than the Cadia samples that may indicate a greater extent of fractionation during emplacement of the Ridgeway magmas. Fairholme samples display a high Nh and /If trends that are distinct from the main fields on Zr variation diagrams. Compositional differences between larger Cu-Au deposits, Cadia-Ridgeway and smaller deposits, Copper Ifill, Cargo and Fairholme are evident in terms of Nb-Ta depletion and variation. The smaller deposits show constant Nb/Ta or negative Nb/Ta trends that extend to high Nb. The larger deposits display positive Nb/Ta trends that do not extend to high Nb. This distinction reflects a difference of preferential incorporation of Nb in a mineral phase (magnetite). Comparisons between Cadia-Ridgeway and other shoshonite (altered samples of Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina), calc alkaline magmas from New Zealand and rocks from other areas indicate that Nb/Ta is not directly correlated with the shoshonitic classification, K2O vs. SiO2, and that the Cadia-Ridgeway Nb and Ta variation is not the result of alteration. The fact that the weakly altered LFB Capertee shoshonites exhibit a narrow range of Nb and low Nb/Ta suggest the shoshonite trend for the LFB as a whole is a steep one on the Nb/Ta versus Nb plot. The results of this study could provide important information for exploration within the LFB. Only the Cadia and Ridgeway deposits display a wide range of Nb/Ta values and lack the near-horizontal trend seen for other localities associated with smaller deposits. The tectonic evolution of the LFB is a major factor contributing to occurrence of large porphyry Cu-Au deposits. The sequence of important events, however, commences with sub-crustal generation of oxidised magma and finishes with efficient Cu-Au accumulation by hydrothermal processes at favourable structural sites. The increase in Au-Cu deposit size from small (Copper Hill-Cargo) to world class (Cadia-Ridgeway) indicates the importance of magma composition during this process. The most obvious differences between the Cadia-Ridgeway and New Zealand rocks is that the latter are volcanic in origin and associated with an arc-back arc system. Therefore, they did not form in a tectonic regime suitable for the evolution of porphyries and the focussed movement of hydrothermal fluids during dilatant episodes. As a result, they are not linked to mineralisation despite having Nb-Ta and Nb/Ta variations that are typical of the high oxidation states in Au-prospective magmas of the LFB.
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Pica, Matthew J. "ASSEMBLY & JOINTURE: A Tectonics of Place & Structure in the Mississippi Heartland Delta." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2.
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The structure can be considered the essence of an architectural solution. However, it is often a forgotten aspect of architecture that isn’t always expressed to its highest potential, commonly left hidden within or behind the façade or the interior finishes. The main question was how the two separate fields could be brought together conceptually to create a project that paired out the ideas to build greater conceptual depth and a possible totality of ideas thus forming an architectonic of knowledge. The design and hands-on building aspect of furniture design as well as that of structural building design have both been of great interest. To bring these ideas together, this research and design proposes a place where both could co-exist, a furniture manufacturing facility. Here the ideas of assembly & jointure became the connective concepts between the two. These ideas can also be extended to connect architecture to its surrounding site context. The landscape as a transitional device can be incorporated to have a significant impact on the development of the building and how it interrelates to its contextual surroundings. Architecture can be thought of here as having a sense of being a larger, scaled piece of furniture that is affixed to the landscape and place where it is located. In essence sense, linking the concepts of both furniture and architecture together, the work this project attempts to maintain both a sense of composite structure and of its significant connection to its place as an esthetical expression.
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Gómez, Esteban Galeano. "Characterization of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in Tectona grandis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11151/tde-30042015-153939/.
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Teak tree (Tectona grandis L.f.) has a high value in the timber trade for fabrication of woody products due to its extraordinary qualities of color, density and durability. Despite the importance of this species, genetic and molecular studies available are limited. Also, the lack of molecular information about secondary xylem and tree maturation has hindered genetic exploration of teak. Therefore, gene expression studies and transcriptomic profiling are essential to explore wood formation and lignin biosynthesis through the development and aging of vascular plants. Aiming the gene expression studies, it was essential to identify and clone reference genes for teak. Eight genes were tested, commonly used in qRT-PCR, including TgRP60S, TgCAC, TgACT, TgHIS3, TgSAND, TgTUB, TgUBQ and TgEF1a. Expression profiles of these genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR in six tissue and organ samples (leaf, flower, seedling, root, stem and branch secondary xylem). Stability validation by NormFinder, BestKeeper, geNorm and Delta Ct programs showed that TgUBQ and TgEF1a are the most stable genes to use as qRT-PCR reference genes in teak in the conditions tested. Due to the availability of 12- and 60-year-old teak trees, RNA-seq was performed in diferent organs (seedlings, leaves, flowers, root, stem and branch secondary xylem). A total of 462,260 transcripts were obtained by assembling with \"Trinity\" software. Also, 1,502 and 931 genes differentially expressed were identified for stem and branch secondary xylem, respectively, using DESeq program, and MYB transcription factors, which were characterized. TgMYB1 amino acid sequence displayed a predicted coiled-coil (CC) motif while TgMYB2, TgMYB3 and TgMYB4 showed R2R3-MYB domain. All of them were phylogenetically grouped with several gymnosperms and flowering plants. High expression of TgMYB1 and TgMYB4 in lignified tissues of 60-year-old trees was observed. In this work, the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD) gene family was also studied. One complete (TgCAD1) and three partial (TgCAD2 to TgCAD4) members were characterized. The four enzymes presented residues for catalytic and structural zinc action, NADPH binding and substrate specificity, consistent with the mechanism of alcohol dehydrogenases. TgCAD3 and TgCAD4 were highly expressed in young and mature sapwood and seem to be duplicated and highly related with lignin biosynthesis. Tree genetic improvement, marker-assisted selection and plant transformation seem to be promising lines of research for the data obtained from this research. This is the first study addressing gene characterization and expression, phylogeny and transcriptomic profiling in teak.A árvore de teca (Tectona grandis L.f.) tem alto valor no comércio de madeira para a fabricação de produtos lenhosos, devido às suas qualidades extraordinárias de cor, densidade e durabilidade. Apesar da importância desta espécie, são poucos os estudos genéticos e moleculares disponíveis. Também, a falta de informação molecular sobre xilema secundário e maturação da árvore tem dificultado a exploração genética de teca. Assim, estudos de expressão gênica e perfis transcricionais são relevantes para explorar a formação da madeira e a biossíntese de lignina durante o desenvolvimento e envelhecimento das plantas vasculares. Visando os estudos de expressão gênica, foi essencial identificar e clonar genes de referencia para a teca. Foram testados oito genes comumente usados em qRT-PCR, TgRP60S, TgCAC, TgACT, TgHIS3, TgSAND, TgTUB, TgUBQ e TgEF1a. Perfis de expressão destes genes foram avaliados por qRT-PCR em seis amostras de tecidos e órgãos (folhas, flores, plântulas, raiz, xilema secundário de caule e ramo). A validação da estabilidade pelos programas NormFinder, BestKeeper, geNorm e Delta CT mostrou que TgUBQ e TgEF1a são os genes mais estáveis para usar como genes de referência em teca nas condições testadas. Em virtude da disponibilidade de árvores de teca de diferentes idades, entre 12 e 60 anos, foi realizado o RNAseq de diferentes órgãos (plântulas, folhas, flores, raiz, ramos e caules de árvores de 12 e 60 anos). Obteve-se um total de 462.260 transcritos pela montagem com o software \"Trinity\". Foram identificados 1.502 e 931 genes diferencialmente expressos para xilema secundário de caule e ramo, respectivamente, utilizando o programa DESeq e fatores de transcrição MYB, que foram posteriormente caracterizados. A sequência de aminoácidos do TgMYB1 exibiu um motivo \"coiled-coil\" (CC), enquanto TgMYB2, TgMYB3 e TgMYB4 mostraram domínio R2R3-MYB. Todos eles foram filogeneticamente agrupados com várias gimnospermas e angiospermas. Observou-se alta expressão do TgMYB1 e TgMYB4 em tecidos lignificados de árvores de 60 anos de idade. Neste trabalho também foi estudada a família gênica Cinamil álcool desidrogenase (CAD). Foi caracterizado um membro completo (TgCAD1) e três parciais (TgCAD2 a TgCAD4). As quatro enzimas apresentaram resíduos de ação catalítica e estrutural de zinco, de ligação ao NADPH e de especificidade de substrato, em conformidade com o mecanismo conservado de álcool desidrogenases. TgCAD3 e TgCAD4 foram altamente expressos no alburno jovem e maduro e parecem estar duplicados e relacionados com a biossíntese de lignina. O melhoramento genético de árvores, a seleção assistida utilizando marcadores moleculares e a transformação de plantas parecem ser linhas promissoras de pesquisa, a partir dos dados obtidos nesta pesquisa. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre caracterização e expressão gênica, filogenia e perfis transcricionais em teca.
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Drescher, Ronaldo. "Crescimento e produção de Tectona Grandis Linn F., em povoamentos jovens de duas regiões do estado de Mato Grosso - Brasil." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3722.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe Tectona grandis Linn F. was introduced in Mato Grosso in the end of the sixties and new planting is made each year in the State with the aim of replacing native woods of noble use. Beyond the expectation of great future gains the teak plantations are, most of the time, made in the mosaic system. This system is certainly the greatest advantage of this wood species, which is conquering more space each year in the Mato Grosso economical set. For this project, information about teak was acquired from the cities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and Brasnorte. In this places, the plantations are the propriety of Brasteca e Berneck companies, respectively. These plantations were young - less than 11 years old. And the possibility of short crop allows the discussion of the importance of processing wood in small dimensions. Since there was no production planning of Tectona grandis in Mato Grosso, which would allow rapid wood stock determination, the need to study the structuring of production for this species arose. This project also aimed at establishing: the study of hypsometric relationship; the study of the site and the determination of the site index; the study of diameter, height, base area and volume growth by year and by hectare; the development of the artificial form factor; the making of volume tables, form factor tables and yield tables for regional use. The results achieved in this work were the followings: to model the growth, the Chapman-Richard s equation described efficiently the dominate height variable evolution within the time span analyzed. The model h = 1,390 − 0,063 ⋅ d + 0,448 ⋅ ln 2 d , was selected to explain the relationship between height and diameter. The volume was modeled with the equation log(v) = −4,141 + 1,781 ⋅ log(d ) + 0,974 ⋅ log(h). The following equation was that showed the best adjustment for artificial form factor ( ) ⎟⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎝ ⎛ ⋅ ⋅ + ⎟ ⎟⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜⎝ ⎛ ⋅ − ⎟ ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝ ⎛= + ⋅d h ddddln f 0,774 0,697 ln 0,647 ln 0,199 ln 1 20,120,51,3 Finally, six curves of site index, between 10 and 20, was needed to describe the variation of the dominate height growth over the age in the index-age of 10 years. As a conclusion it was verified a greater growth of teak in the state of Mato Grosso in comparison with other countries. This demonstrates the importance of teak not only for the state of Mato Grosso but for the whole country.
A Tectona grandis Linn F. foi introduzida em Mato Grosso no final da década de sessenta e, a cada ano, novos plantios são realizados no estado com o intuito de substituir as madeiras nativas de uso nobre. Os plantios de teca são realizados, na sua maioria, em sistemas de mosaico, sendo este o maior ganho dessa espécie madeireira que, a cada ano, vem conquistando mais espaço no cenário econômico do estado de Mato Grosso. Para este estudo, foram realizados levantamentos em plantios de teca nos municípios de Santo Antônio do Leverger e Brasnorte, em propriedade das Empresas Brasteca e Berneck, respectivamente. Pode-se considerar os plantios estudados jovens, possuindo não mais que 11 anos de idade, com a possibilidade de rotações curtas que permitem a discussão da importância de se processar madeira com dimensão pequena. Tendo em vista a inexistência de tabelas de produção da Tectona grandis para o Mato Grosso que possibilitasse determinações rápidas do estoque de madeira e o planejamento da produção, originou-se a necessidade de estudar o crescimento e a produção para a espécie. Este estudo também teve por objetivo determinar: relação hipsométrica; estudo do sítio e determinação do índice de sítio; estudo do crescimento em diâmetro, altura, área basal e volume por hectare e idade; confecção de tabelas de volume, fator de forma artificial, produção para uso regional e comparar crescimento e produção com os de outros locais. Como resultados obtidos neste trabalho têm-se que: a equação de Chapman Richard s, testada para modelar o crescimento, descreveu de forma adequada e eficiente a evolução da variável altura dominante dentro do intervalo de idade analisado; para descrever a variação do crescimento da altura dominante sobre a idade, foram necessárias seis curvas de índice de sítio de 10 a 20, na idadeíndice de 10 anos; o modelo h = 1,390 − 0,063 ⋅ d + 0,448 ⋅ ln 2 d , foi o selecionado para explicar a relação entre altura e diâmetro; para estimar o volume, o modelo selecionado foi log(v) = −4,141 + 1,781 ⋅ log(d)+ 0,974 ⋅ log(h); para fator de forma artificial, ( ) ⎟⎠ ⎞⎜⎝⎛⋅⋅ + ⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜ ⎜⎝⎛⋅ − ⎟ ⎟⎠⎞⎜ ⎜⎝⎛= + ⋅d h ddddln f 0,774 0,697 ln 0,647 ln0,199 ln 1 20,120,51,3, foi a equação que apresentou melhor ajuste; Neste estudo foi verificado maior crescimento da teca em Mato Grosso quando comparado a outros países. Isso demonstra a importância dessa espécie não só para o estado, mas também para o país.
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Hassoun, Virginie. "Analyse multi-échelles des déstabilisations sous-marines de la Marge Ligure : implications sur la répartition spatio-temporelle des facteurs déclenchant [sic]." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4069.
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La marge Ligure est une marge passive soumise à une déformation tectonique compressive associée à la tectonique salifère messinienne. La reprise en compression de la marge s’accompagne d’une sismicité modérée récurrente ponctuée d’évènements plus forts. La marge Ligure est le siège d’une sédimentation importante au Plio-Quaternaire. Elle constitue un environnement propice à l’étude des déstabilisations gravitaires. L’objectif principal de ce travail était de décrire et caractériser les principaux mouvements en masse ayant affecté la marge continentale Ligure au cours du Plio-Quaternaire, de localiser les principales zones sujettes aux déstabilisations et d’identifier les facteurs pré-conditionnant et déclenchant les ruptures dans le but de mieux évaluer l’aléa gravitaire. Une large couverture de données bathymétriques, géophysiques et des carottages acquis sur l’ensemble de la marge a permis de réaliser une étude multi-échelles des processus de ruptures gravitaires et des facteurs déclenchant associés. Près de 1500 glissements ont été identifiés. L’étude de leur répartition spatio-temporelle illustre que l’ensemble de la marge a toujours été affectée par des déstabilisations de pente mais que les principales zones de ruptures auraient migré vers l’ouest au cours du Plio-Quaternaire. Les grandes ruptures sous-marines sont préférentiellement associées aux zones de déformation maximale, cette dernière étant contrôlée par la tectonique crustale et/ou la tectonique salifère. Il apparaît que les ruptures résultent plus généralement d’une association de facteurs distincts qui ont participé à fragiliser la stabilité des dépôts de la pente et qui ont pu provoquer leur ruptureThe Ligurian margin is a passive margin characterized by high sedimentation rates during the Plio-Quaternary. It is affected by a compressive tectonic deformation leading to the inversion of the margin, together with a salt tectonic. The present-day moderate seismic activity is punctuated by stronger seismic events. Thus, this margin offers a good natural laboratory to study submarine landslides and their triggering factors. Although the Var Turbidite System has been well investigated over the last 20 years, the morphology and tectonics/sedimentary processes affecting the whole margin remained poorly known. This study aims to describe and to characterize the main types of mass movements, their preferential locations along the Ligurian margin during the Plio-Quaternary and their triggering factors to improve geohazards assessment related to landslides. A dataset including bathymetric and geophysical data and cores allowed to realize a multi-scale study of submarine failures and their associated triggering factors. About 1500 landslides were identified on the margin and in the basin. The study of their spatio-temporal distribution revealed that the margin has always been affected by mass-wasting processes and that the main zones of landsliding migrated westward during the Plio-Quaternary. The largest submarine landslides are preferentially associated with the highest deformation rates and their location is controlled by crustal tectonics and/or salt tectonics. The initiation of failures results from the combination of several factors including the margin deformation, earthquakes, salt tectonics and sediment under-consolidation
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Wang, Li-Ping, and 王俐蘋. "The Tectonics of Learning Perspectives: Factory, Tribe, and Ocean." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uj2uk8.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
教育學系
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This study aims for describing learners’ learning perspectives. Factory, tribe and ocean are the metaphors which represent learners’ learning perspectives. Based on the experience of participant observation, the study starts from the concept of holistic life in order to understand learners’ learning perspectives. The concept of “Tectonics” illustrates the process how a human builds the connection with the world through the spatiotemporal approach. “Tectonics”can be considered as an echo of learning process because the concepts are concerned about not only individuals themselves but their sociability. As a result, the concept of “Tectonics” is the foundation of sociological discussion in the study, and “the tectonics of learning perspectives” will be the main content which shows the learning from the horizon of leaners. According to the methodology of ethnography, researcher had worked on data collection for one and a half year. On the basis of the theoretical dialog between tectonics and ethnography, the study emphasizes the holism of framework and the epistemology of intersubjectivity. For the horizon of learners, researcher worked out an ethnography of learning. The ethnography of learning starts from the description of individuals, then sketches the learning process through the social interaction. Just like stitch work, the self-description of an individual learner as a needle and one’s life experience as suture, they complete the picture of the learning perspectives. With the metaphor of stitch work, the cases in the study will present the tectonics of learning perspectives with the frame of point, line and plane. The description of point represents the learning spots in various fields and its representation. And the description of line and plane show three eleven-years-old learners’ perspectives as cases. According to the cases, the article analyzes the process of tectonics to do some sociological discussion. Result from this study can be illustrated in three points. First, the cases reveal that school members in the field lived in the culture with the academic performative division, and they also display the learning situation that learners are encountering an information society because of using internet. Second, based on the value of holism and subjectivity, the tectonics of learning perspectives and the ethnography of learning provide educational discussion with a learners’ horizon and a cultural approach to explore learning. Third, through the theoretical view from an individual’s social discussion, to respond the issues of the phenomenon of “learnification of education” and the postmodern condition, we need to discuss these issues with multilevel systematic thinking.
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Drzewiecki, Peter Anthony. "Mid-cretaceous carbonate platform evolution, south-central Pyrenees, Spain interactions among eustasy, tectonics, environmental factors, and biological factors /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35745921.html.
Full textBooks on the topic "Tectonic factors"
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Bogdanovic, Jelena. The Framing of Sacred Space. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190465186.001.0001.
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The Framing of Sacred Space offers the first topical study of canopies as essential spatial and symbolic units in Byzantine-rite churches. Centrally planned columnar structures—typically comprising four columns and a roof—canopies had a critical role in the modular and additive processes of church design, from actual church furnishings in the shape of a canopy, to the church’s structural core defined by four columns and a dome. As architectonic objects of basic structural and design integrity, canopies integrate an archetypical image of architecture and provide means for an innovative understanding of the materialization of the idea of the Byzantine church and its multifocal spatial presence. The book considers both the material and conceptual framing of sacred space and explains how the canopy bridges the physical and transcendental realms. As a crucial element of church design in the Byzantine world, a world that gradually abandoned the basilica as a typical building of Roman imperial secular architecture, the canopy carried tectonic and theological meanings and, through vaulted, canopied bays and recognizable Byzantine domed churches, established organic architectural, symbolic, and sacred ties between the Old and New Covenants. In such an overarching context, the canopy becomes an architectural parti, a vital concept and dynamic design principle that carries the essence of the Byzantine church. The Framing of Sacred Space highlights significant factors in understanding canopies through specific architectural settings and the Byzantine concepts of space, thus also contributing to larger debates about the creation of sacred space and related architectural “taxonomy.”
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Mitchell, Graham. How Giraffes Work. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571194.001.0001.
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There are few creatures more beautiful, more aloof, and more fascinating than giraffes. Once they were plentiful and filled African landscapes, but in 2016 they were re-classified from “least concern” to “vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Their survival in the wild is not assured. Much has been written about their private lives, about their behavior, social biology, and ecology, and their history in art and diplomacy. But so far no book has been written about their private lives, their physiology, and their anatomy and biochemistry—in short, the normal functions of a free-living animal in its natural environment—and it is these aspects of their lives that are the focus of this book. The study of a single species could be concise and relatively simply told. In reality it is not. A species never evolves in isolation from the general biological milieu in which it finds itself. Tectonics, astronomical physics, climate, and purely biological factors affecting food and water resources all shape the path of their evolution and all interact with its morphology, its internal physiological and biochemical systems, and the behavior patterns that regulate its daily life. Giraffes are no exception, as is revealed as the story told here unfolds. How do giraffes work? The answers lie in a story filled not only with the internal workings of a unique creature, but with geography, climate changes of great magnitude, and the labors of extraordinary people who put many pieces of the puzzle together.
Book chapters on the topic "Tectonic factors"
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Nash, C. R. "Factors Affecting the Acquisition of Structural Data from Remotely-Sensed Images of Eastern Australia." In Basement Tectonics 9, 109–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2654-0_6.
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Lehmann, Bernd. "Petrochemical Factors Governing the Metallogeny of the Bolivian Tin Belt." In Tectonics of the Southern Central Andes, 317–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77353-2_23.
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Scott, T. B. "Factors Affecting Limiting Angles for Fault Reactivation in Basement Rocks." In Proceedings of the International Conferences on Basement Tectonics, 295. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5098-9_46.
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Basilevsky, A. T. "Factors Controlling Volcanism and Tectonism in Solar System Solid Bodies." In Comparative Planetology with an Earth Perspective, 47–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1092-3_5.
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Leonov, M. G. "Plastic Deformation as a Factor of Material Transformation of Rocks (Southern Tien Shan)." In Proceedings of the International Conferences on Basement Tectonics, 261–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5098-9_31.
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Doglioni, Angelo, Annalisa Galeandro, Alessandro Guerricchio, and Vincenzo Simeone. "Tectonic Stress as Possible Co-predisposing Factor for Landslides Along the Central Adriatic Coast of Italy." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2, 283–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_42.
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Sequero, Cristina, Beatriz Bádenas, and Marcos Aurell. "Factors Controlling Oncoid Distribution in the Inner Areas of a Late Kimmeridgian Carbonate Ramp (Northeast Spain)." In Paleobiodiversity and Tectono-Sedimentary Records in the Mediterranean Tethys and Related Eastern Areas, 171–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01452-0_41.
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Kassymkanova, Khaini-Kamal, Gulnara Jangulova, Gulnura Issanova, Venera Turekhanova, and Yermek Zhalgasbekov. "Geological Setting Structural-Tectonic Features and Physical—Mechanical Properties of Mountain Rocks on the Stability of Slopes with the Account of the Time Factor and Large-Scale Explosions." In Geomechanical Processes and Their Assessment in the Rock Massifs in Central Kazakhstan, 7–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33993-7_2.
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Cohen, Andrew S. "Facies Models at the Lake Basin Scale." In Paleolimnology. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133530.003.0012.
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Understanding the historical evolution of sedimentation in a lake requires not only a grounding in facies interpretation but also an understanding of the larger-scale, lakewide linkages between deposition and those factors influencing sedimentation. The facies models we examined in chapter 7 can be linked to understand the differences in deposits between lake basins. Basin-scale facies models focus on the major interactions between climate or tectonic/ volcanic activity and sedimentation, attempting to explain why particular facies types develop in particular areas or at particular times in a lake’s history. Here I will focus on a few examples from the most intensively studied depositional settings, including lake types defined by mode of origin and evolution (rifts, glacial lakes, etc.) as well as saline lakes and playas, which share chemical and climatic attributes. Large-scale facies modeling in rift lakes has been driven by a need to understand the occurrence of hydrocarbons in ancient rifts (Lambiase, 1990; Katz, 2001). This in turn spurred a rapid accumulation of seismic reflection and facies data in the East African rift lakes and Lake Baikal (Russia) during the 1980s and 1990s, as well as attempts to synthesize these data and integrate them into general models. As we saw in chapter 2, the evolution of rift basins involves the development of asymmetric half-grabens and, in larger lake systems, the linkage of these half-grabens in a linear chain. As rift basins age, progressive deformation will eventually cause extensive deformation on both sides of the basin, transforming them into asymmetric full grabens, as seen in Lake Baikal today. This pattern of tectonic development has consequences for geomorphology, sediment delivery rates and locations, and sediment composition, that also vary depending on whether the lake basin is relatively full (high-stand conditions) or empty (low-stand) (Rosendahl et al., 1986; Cohen, 1990; Scholz and Rosendahl, 1990; Tiercelin et al., 1992; Soreghan and Cohen, 1996). Large-scale depositional patterns in a rift lake therefore represent an interplay between tectonic and climatic forces, factors that operate on somewhat different time scales.
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Araya-Vergara, José. "Ocean Coasts and Continental Shelves." In The Physical Geography of South America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313413.003.0023.
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Suess (1900) provided the first scientific treatment of the South American coast from a tectonic perspective when he distinguished between the Atlantic and Pacific structural styles on opposite sides of the continent. Inman and Nordstrom (1971) later complemented this approach by relating these styles to the concepts of plate tectonics that had emerged during the 1960s. Useful keys to understanding South American coastal processes and sediment supplies were then offered by Davies (1977) and Potter (1994), respectively, while regional accounts of South American coastal landforms were made by specialists in books edited by Bird and Schwartz (1985) and Schwartz (2005). Clapperton (1993) reviewed Quaternary coastal morphogenesis. Coastal sites of scientific importance and historical coastline changes were discussed by Bird and Koike (1981) and Bird (1985). This chapter focuses on the principal factors involved in coastal evolution and morphogenesis, describes key regional landforms, and proposes a new analytical perspective for South America’s coasts by introducing a hierarchical system within coastal groups. The main coastline of South America is approximately 31,100 km long, of which 10,400 km face the Pacific Ocean, 16,700 the open Atlantic Ocean, and the remaining 4,000 km the more sheltered Caribbean Sea. Of the total length, approximately two-thirds lie within the tropics, ensuring that physical and ecological responses to ocean-atmosphere circulation systems involving the Intertropical Convergence Zone dominate these coasts. The remaining one third of the coast beyond the tropics is dominated during part or all of the year by temperate westerly conditions, which become increasingly cool and stormy toward the continent’s southern tip. The origins of the present coast reflect the tectonic forces that have affected the South American plate over the past 200 million years, augmented by relative sea-level changes associated with changing global (eustatic) ocean volume and regional (isostatic) crustal adjustments. The Atlantic coast of South America owes its broad outline to the separation of the continent from neighboring parts of Gondwana that began more than 200 Ma (million years ago). The Pacific and Caribbean coasts have a more complex history, related to the progressive interaction of the westwardmoving South American plate with four oceanic plates with which it has come into contact).
Conference papers on the topic "Tectonic factors"
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Mikhaylov, Sergey Petrovich, and Anastasia Andreevna Shtyrlyaeva. "Consideration of the Influence of Carbonate Cement on the Accuracy of Prediction of Well Start-Up Flow Rates in Deep Reservoirs of the West Siberian Oil and Gas Basin on the Example of Reservoir U1 Formation." In SPE Symposium: Petrophysics XXI. Core, Well Logging, and Well Testing. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208422-ms.
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Abstract Oil reservoirs are often affected by tectonic processes throughout their lifetime. Tectonic processes contribute to the impact on the formation of a number of mechanical and chemical factors. These factors change the composition and structure of the reservoir and this affects the reservoir properties of the reservoir. Deep-seated reservoirs experience a longer and more intense impact of tectonic processes. A more detailed study of the composition and properties of reservoirs for an accurate forecast of reservoir properties and their productivity potential is due to this. Standard log interpretation methods have been developed based on shallow strata. These methods do not allow taking into account secondary changes in the reservoir and make the calculations of the starting flow rates of wells reliable. J1 stratum West Wing on Nizhnevartovsky set is a prime example of this.
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Bertello, F., A. Fattorini, and C. Visentin. "Tectonic and Sedimentary Factors Controlling the Petroleum System of the Murzuk Basin, Libya." In 1st EAGE North African/Mediterranean Petroleum & Geosciences Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.8.s037.
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Liping, Xiong, Liu Yanli, and Shi Danni. "Research on the Tectonic Evolution of the North Africa from Morocco to Libya as the Controlling Factor on the petroleum basins’ Hydrocarbon Accumulation." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2566974-ms.
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ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the tectonic evolution of the North African petroleum basins as the controlling factors on the major basins’ formation, evolution and the hydrocarbon accumulation, analyzing the petroleum enrichment conditions and proposing hydrocarbon accumulation mode. The analysis concludes that the distribution of North Africa Basins is in regular east-west direction, clear depression associates with highland structure. The basins becomes gradually older from the west to the east, corresponding to the Western Paleozoic basin, the Middle part Paleozoic and Mesozoic superimposed basin and the Eastern Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift basin. Petroleum in the Middle-West basins is mainly controlled by western Hercynian tectonic movement with obvious NE – SW distribution character, while petroleum in the East basins controlled by the Alpine tectonic movement, showing NW-SE distribution. Experienced a number of north-south direction reversals, the Paleozoic basin developed in the South and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed basin overlaying the Paleozoic Basin located in the North. The basins have two different accumulation models, which are younger source rocks associated with the older reservoirs and the older source rocks with the younger reservoirs.
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Melinte-Dobrinescu, Mihaela. "FACTORS CONTROLLING THE OCCURRENCE OF THE GOSAU-TYPE BASINS IN THE SOUTHERN CARPATHIANS: TECTONIC VERSUS SEA-LEVEL FLUCTUATION." In 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2016. Stef92 Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2016/b11/s01.024.
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Schuller, Volker, Andras Zamolyi, Eirik Stueland, István Dunkl, Michael Kettermann, and Zsolt Schleder. "Fault Rock Property Prediction On Jurassic Clastics Of The Barents Sea/Norway." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206290-ms.
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Abstract We analysed the fault rocks of a compartmentalized field in the Barents Sea, in an area with several tectonic elements, which formed at different tectonic events. Standard Fault Seal Analysis (FSA) was conducted to predict the shale content of the fault rock (SGR). A static cellular model based on well data, seismic data and geological concepts served as input. The fault rock calibration workflow required various data acquired by different methods. We analysed the Mid-Triassic to Upper Jurassic clastic deposits to reconstruct the tectonic history. Apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He thermochronology were used to determine the maximum burial depths and exhumation history. The results of high-resolution shale ductility analysis (BIB-SEM), a compaction trend study, kinematic analysis and structural modelling (section balancing) served as additional input constraints for fault rock calibration. The evaluation of the results helped to reconstruct the following tectonic evolution: The orthogonal faults of the analysed area developed at an early stage, during Late Triassic to Early Jurassic times at relatively shallow depth, below 1000 m. Ongoing subsidence created accommodation space for Upper Jurassic to Cenozoic deposits with a maximum burial depth of 2000 m for the analysed Mid-Jurassic rocks. Exhumation of the area started around 10 Ma and continued through to Quaternary times. The calculated values for fault rock permeability show a wide range when using poorly constrained input for fault rock calibration: 10 to 1000 mD for SGR values around 0.08 at reservoir/reservoir juxtaposition. Fault rock calibration using above described results concluded in reliable values for fault rock permeability and ultimately, for transmissibility multipliers. The reason for the sensitivity of the fault rock calibration is a combination of multiple factors: highly permeable reservoir sandstone, shallow depth of initial faulting, maximum burial depth and low shale content at the primary reservoir level. The study shows that an accurate reconstruction of the geohistory provides essential parameters for fault rock calibration and fault rock permeability calculation. The range of values can widely scatter if preconditions are not acknowledged. Well-constrained fault rock calibration reduces the uncertainty on possible flow scenarios, increases the reliability on production forecasts and helps to determine the most efficient drainage strategy.
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Mukanov, Adil, Chenkai Zhang, Almat Sagynbayev, Amir Kuvanyshev, Dana Shaikhina, and Yernur Akashev. "Characterization of Key Quality Factors of Highly Argillaceous and Naturally Fractured Paleozoic Carbonate Deposits with Complex Tectonic Setting South Turgai Basin, Kazakhstan." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/192584-ms.
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Mukanov, Adil, Chenkai Zhang, Almat Sagynbayev, Amir Kuvanyshev, Dana Shaikhina, and Yernur Akashev. "Characterization of Key Quality Factors of Highly Argillaceous and Naturally Fractured Paleozoic Carbonate Deposits with Complex Tectonic Setting South Turgai Basin, Kazakhstan (Russian)." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/192584-ru.
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Khanbikova, Regina, Venera Bazarevskaya, Oleg Sotnikov, and Albert Bachkov. "Oil Saturation Index in Hydrophobic Carbonate Reservoir: Evaluation Aspects." In SPE Symposium: Petrophysics XXI. Core, Well Logging, and Well Testing. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208416-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hydrocarbon reserves in carbonate reservoirs account for 38% - 60% of total world reserves, according to different estimates. In Tatarstan, carbonate reservoirs are found, mostly, in the eastern slope of the Melekess Depression and the South-Tatarian Arch. The carbonate reservoirs are confined to the Middle and Lower Carboniferous sediments, the Upper Devonian (including the domanik sediments), and the Upper Permian (the Kazanian heavy oil accumulations). Considering an extensive geographic and stratigraphic range and differing tectonic and sedimentation environments, the carbonate rocks are characterized by a variety of reservoir properties. In contrast to terrigenous rocks, the carbonate void space is complicated by secondary processes that took place much later than the sedimentogenesis-lithogenesis stage. Numerous fissures, caves, sutures, and stylolites form the void space of the reservoir rock matrix containing commercial hydrocarbon reserves. In addition to fracturing and vugginess contributing to increase of void space of carbonate rocks, the secondary processes include sulphatisation and secondary dolomitization (in limestones), adding to deterioration of reservoir properties. The secondary processes impede understanding and evaluation of reservoir properties and saturation potential, in particular, determination of the oil and gas saturation factors (Dyakonova T.F. et al, 2019, Akhmetov R.T. et al, 2017)/ In the western slope of the South-Tatarian Arch, carbonate reservoirs are confined to the Middle and Lower Carboniferous sediments. Numerous RCAL and SCAL investigations provided valuable insight into these targets. In this paper, we used data from the laboratory experiments and studies of core and oil samples from the six neighbor fields on the western slope of the South-Tatarian Arch. Because of common sedimentological and tectonic sedimentation environments and lithological similarity of rocks within the stratigraphic referencing, the six fields under analysis were considered as analogous, and the results of the laboratory studies of the samples were reviewed collectively.
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Есина, Л., L. Esina, А. Хворощ, A. Hvorosch, Н. Есин, N. Esin, В. Крыленко, et al. "THE ROLE OF THE SUBMARINE LANDSLIDE PROCESSES IN EVOLUTION OF THE BLACK SEA CONTINENTAL SLOPE AND SHELF. THE INFLUENCE OF LANDSLIDES ON MODERN COASTAL PROCESSES." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce3a0b6c337.05323429.
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Detailed studies of landslide formation on the continental slope of Near Caucasus part of Black Sea, we have made in the area between the Pshada– Olginka settlements allowed to explore the distribution of landslide formations on the continental slope and to establish their influence on the retreat of the shelf edge. The intensive destruction of shelf edge leads to a reduction in its width, the intense movement of sediments from the shelf and transporting them to the continental slope and deep-sea part in large quantities. The evolution and distribution of landslides are influenced by the geological structure of the navigation area, the width of the shelf, the rate of shoreline destruction and sediment transport from the shelf to the continental slope, underwater topography and slope declination, tectonic and seismic factors. Landslide processes on the coast and continental slope affect the modern coast changes, the bottom topography, the formation of Black Sea deep basins and the expansion of Black Sea. Coastal landslides pose a threat to coastal communities and national economic objects located in areas of high abrasion scarps of terraces, as well as for engineering structures on the continental shelf, continental slope and the seabed.
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Salguero, Gualberto Chiriboga. "Geotechnical Management in OCP Pipeline." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90154.
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Landslides are one of the main threats in maintaining pipeline integrity and depend directly on natural geological and geotechnical conditions. External factors such as weather, rainfall, and others, can trigger land movements and displace the pipeline. The Ecuadorian OCP (Heavy Crude Oil Pipeline) is a buried pipeline going in an East to West direction, crossing 485 kilometers of the Ecuadorian territory. It starts in the Amazon Region (approximately 300 meters above sea level), and then climbs the Andes Mountains (4060 meters above sea level in its tallest portion), to then descend to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. The OCP pipeline crosses many regions with varying climates, varying rainfall patterns, variable morphologies, diversity of soils, and areas affected by tectonic faults, among others. In order to prevent pipeline failures, OCP Ecuador has instituted programs to perform preventive and corrective actions in order to handle the following geological concerns: • Intervention of a specialized geotechnical team to identify and monitor critical points along the pipeline route. This team identifies unstable sites based on the observations of cracks, land movements, or other visual deformations of the pipeline route and its surroundings. • Upkeep of the preventive program. • Execution of third-level studies required to understand specific unstable zones in detail: nature of the subsoil, underground water level, geo-mechanic characteristics, stability factor, and stabilization works. • Geotechnical instrumentation used: inclinometers to search the spread of movement, shifting direction, speed, (landslide location); strain gauges for preventive control of pipeline strain, alert levels, efficiency of stabilization works; and topographic surveys to monitor superficial movements. • Data processing and mapping on GIS Software. • Annual over-flights to detect massive landslides. • Internal inspectors (online-ILI) providing a wide range of information: geometry measurements, curvature monitoring, pipeline displacement, etc. In addition, it allows detection of probable zones depicting soil movement. The purpose of this technical paper is to present the methodology applied by OCP Ecuador to prevent failure of the pipeline along its route.