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1
Mubroto, Bundan. "A palaeomagnetic study of the East and Southwest arms of Sulawesi, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329966.
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2
Carter, D. C. "Tectonic evolution of Northern Anglesey." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233412.
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Pettersson, Carl Henrik. "The tectonic evolution of northwest Svalbard." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-39364.
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Svalbard represents the uplifted and exhumed northwest corner of the Barents Sea Shelf. Pre-Carboniferous rocks of Svalbard are divided into the Eastern, Northwestern and Southwestern Terranes, were amalgamated during the Caledonian Orogen and are separated by north-south-trending strike-slip faults. Even though our knowledge of Svalbard’s pre-Carboniferous history has increased dramatically during the last two decades, a major issue remains: Where did the different tectonostratigraphic terranes of Svalbard originate? The answer to this question has profound significance for the entire eastern Laurentian margin, which spans two supercontinent cycles, from the amalgamation and breakup of Rodinia to the amalgamation of Pangea. This thesis constrains the tectonothermal evolution of Svalbard’s Northwestern Terrane (NWT) using ion microprobe and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology and electron microprobe thermobarometry on metasediments, clastic rocks and granitoids. Detrital zircon age populations of metasediments from the NWT suggests that they (e.g. the Krossfjorden Group) were deposited at c. 1000 Ma in a remnant ocean basin setting outboard the Eastern Grenville Province and were subsequently deformed and intruded by Late Grenvillian granitoids during the final suturing of Rodinia. Thus, a northern branch of the Grenvillian/Sveconorwegian orogeny is not present. This older history of the NWT is extensively overprinted by Late Caledonian deformation and metamorphism, with peak metamorphic conditions of 850 °C at >6 kbars, and subsequent migmatization of the Krossfjorden Group at c. 420 Ma. Based on these data, together with the detrital zircon age population from overlying Late Silurian-Early Devonian clastic rocks, a unifying model is proposed involving fragments from the Grampian orogen and Avalonian crust originally accreted to the Laurentian margin, subsequently transported northwards along sinistral strike-slip faults during Scandian deformation.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 4: In press.
4
Bell, Rebecca E. "Tectonic evolution of the Corinth Rift." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/63290/.
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The evolution of extensional processes at continental rift zones provides important constraints on the underlying lithospheric deformation mechanisms, level of seismic hazard and location of likely hydrocarbon traps. The Corinth rift in central Greece is one of the few examples that has experienced a short extensional history (< 5 Myr), has a relatively well–known pre–rift structure, is experiencing pure extension, and is located in a fluctuating marine–lacustrine setting producing characteristic cyclical stratigraphy. Traditionally, the rift has been described as an asymmetric half–graben controlled by N–dipping faults on the southern margin. This view has been challenged by increasing seismic data from the off-shore part of the rift which show it is more complex, analogous to more developed rifts like the East African rift and Red Sea. High resolution and deep penetration seismic reflection data across the entire offshore rift zone are combined with onshore geomorphological data to constrain: the architecture of major rift–bounding faults; basin structure; spatial and temporal evolution of depocentres; total extension across the rift; and slip rates of major faults from stratigraphic analysis and dislocation modelling of long term deformation. Stratigraphy within the offshore Corinth rift is composed of a non reflective older unit (oldest syn–rift sediments are ca. 1–2 Ma) and a well stratified younger unit separated by a ca. 0.4 Ma unconformity. Net basement depth is greatest in the present centre of the rift zone (2.7–3 km) and decreases to the east and west (1.5–1.6 km). The 0.4 Ma unconformity surface records an important change in rift geometry. Pre. 0.4 Ma, sediment deposition occurred in 20–50 km long isolated basins, controlled by both N and S–dipping faults. Post 0.4 Ma, sediment deposition and basement subsidence has been enhanced in areas between these originally isolated basins creating a single 80 km long central depocentre. Since 0.4 Ma activity has became focused on mostly N–dipping faults. However, in the west, N tilting stratigraphy and basement indicate S–dipping faults are locally structurally dominant. Late Quaternary averaged major fault slip rates are 3–6 mm/yr on the N-dipping south margin faults, >1.8 mm/yr on S–dipping offshore faults, and 1–3 mm/yr on faults in the eastern rift. Total extension over rift history (Late Pliocene to present) has been greatest in the west (8 km), with extension distributed over many faults (most now inactive) spaced at 5 km intervals. To the east total extension is reduced (5–6 km) and is distributed over fewer faults spaced at 15–35 km intervals. There are large differences in rift character along the rift axis and throughout rift history. The highest geodetic rates over the last 10–100 years are in the western part of the rift and do not correspond to the area of greatest offshore basement depth. This suggests a recent change in the locus of strain focusing, potentially analogous to the change that occurred in rift geometry ca. 0.4 Ma.
5
Miliorizos, Marios. "Tectonic evolution of the Bristol Channel Borderlands." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360602.
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6
Waters, David William. "The tectonic evolution of Epirus, northwest Greece." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251679.
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7
Hesse, Susanne [Verfasser]. "The tectonic evolution of NW Borneo / Susanne Hesse." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018225803/34.
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8
Scott, James Morfey, and n/a. "Tectonic evolution of the Eastern Fiordland Gondwana margin." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081003.094325.
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Eastern Fiordland is an eroded Carboniferous to Cretaceous arc assemblage juxtaposed against the Western Fiordland Gondwana continental margin along the Grebe Shear Zone. In the Manapouri region, Eastern Fiordland is composed of scattered metasedimentary and plutonic rocks of Carboniferous, Jurassic and Jurassic-Early Cretaceous age. Quantitative P-T estimates on rare paragneiss assemblages, coupled with LA-ICP-MS analyses of metamorphic overgrowths on detrital zircon grains, demonstrate metamorphism at low to middle amphibolite facies (<6 kbar, c. 600�C) at 145.0 � 2.8 Ma (all quoted errors at 2[sigma]). The Manapouri-Lake Te Anau area of Eastern Fiordland also exposes scattered fragments of the Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary Loch Burn Formation. Relict sedimentary features within this long-lived Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous unit indicate deposition in a mostly terrestrial or shallow water environment that was fed by debris flows from proximal granitic and volcanic topographic high points. Deposition of the Loch Burn Formation in the Murchison Mountains is bracketed between a 342.3 � 1.5 Ma basal granite and an intrusive 157.6 � 1.4 Ma quartz diorite. Metamorphism throughout the unit achieved greenschist and amphibolite facies temperatures (P unconstrained) in the Early Cretaceous (post c. 148 Ma and prior to c. 121 Ma).
Although metasedimentary rocks provide insights into the tectonic evolution of Eastern Fiordland, a range of compositionally heterogeneous plutonic rocks dominates the geology. At Lake Manapouri, these comprise four principal associations: (1) the composite Pomona Island Granite (Carboniferous-Permian and Jurassic), (2) the Beehive Diorite (148.6 � 2.3 Ma), (3) the heterogeneous Hunter Intrusives (Carboniferous, Jurassic and Early Cretaceous) of the Darran/Median Suite and (4) HiSY granitoid dikes of the Separation Point Suite (123.5 � l.2Ma). The latter suite also occurs in immediately adjacent parts of Western Fiordland, forming the Refrigerator Orthogneiss (120.7 �1.1 Ma), the Puteketeke Granite (120.9 � 0.8 Ma) and the West Arm Leucogranite (116.3 � 1.2 Ma). Geobarometry indicates the Jurassic portions of the Darran/Median Suite were emplaced between 4 - 6 kbar and Western Fiordland Early Cretaceous Separation Point Suite between 5 - 7 kbar. Zircon initial �⁷⁷Hf/�⁷⁶Hf isotopic ratios suggest that Separation Point Suite magma could be derived from the same Paleozoic - Late Neoproterozoic mantle source as the Jurassic portion of the Hunter Intrusives member of the Darran/Median Suite. However, Early Cretaceous plutons west of the Early Cretaceous active margin (and study area) have significantly more evolved source regions, reflecting the influence of continental Gondwana on lithosphere composition. Initial �⁷⁷Hf/�⁷⁶Hf ratios from the Loch Burn Formation Carboniferous basal granite zircon are slightly less primitive than either Darran/Median or Separation Point Suite but nowhere near as evolved as similar-aged zircon in the Eastern Fiordland Mt Crescent Paragneiss unit in the Hunter Mountains.
The Cambrian/Early Ordovician Russet Paragneiss, which lies just west of the Grebe Mylonite Zone in Western Fiordland and has been intruded by a range of Early Paleozoic to Mesozoic plutons, was metamorphosed at 7.5 � 1.2 kbar, 633 � 25�C at 348.6 � 12 Ma and exhibits no evidence for Jurassic re-equilibration. Zircon U-Pb isotopes from a pelitic schist enclave within the Western Fiordland Mt Murrell Amphibolite are interpreted to show that these and associated intrusive rocks were also metamorphosed at kyanite-grade in the Carboniferous. This event, �M1�, generated a pervasive lineation and distinctive pargasite-anorthite-kyanite/corundum-bearing assemblages in layered aluminous components to the Mt Murrell Amphibolite, garnet-amphibole-biotite-kyanite-gedrite-plagioclase-quartz in metasomatised tonalite at the Mt Murrell Amphibolite margins, and low CaO-garnet in pelitic schist enclaves within the amphibolite. P-T estimates suggest M1 took place at 6.6 � 0.8 kbar, 618 � 25�C. Both the timing and P-T conditions of M1 overlap with metamorphism of the Russet Paragneiss. However, the layered amphibolites and pelitic schist enclaves partially re-equilibrated in the Early Cretaceous (c. 115 Ma) at higher pressure (8.8 � 0.9 kbar). This event, �M2�, generated static assemblages of margarite, epidote, chlorite, oligoclase-andesine and second-generation kyanite in the layered amphibolites and relict olivine gabbronorite, and high-CaO garnet rims, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, kyanite and staurolite in the pelitic schist enclaves. Trace element chemistries of c. 340 Ma zircon grains in the schist have unusual smoothed Ce/Ce* anomalies and high Th/U ratios. These properties may be result of fluid flow and metasomatism from the enveloping amphibolite during imposition of the penetrative M1 lineation. Early Cretaceous (c. 115 Ma) zircon overgrowths and chemistries (low heavy rare earth elements, low Th/U ratios, large Eu/Eu* anomalies) are compatible with formation in the presence of local M2 garnet and plagioclase. M2 was coeval with amphibolite to garnet-granulite facies metamorphism of the regionally extensive Western Fiordland Orthogneiss and Arthur River Complex, thus demonstrating that high-pressure metamorphism was not restricted to the Western Fiordland Early Cretaceous components and their marginal metasedimentary rocks.
The Grebe Mylonite Zone forms a lithologic, metamorphic, isotopic and structural boundary between Eastern and Western Fiordland. This 200 to 300 metre-wide and > 50 km long north-striking mylonitic zone is the prominent manifestation of deformation associated with the wider (c. 30 km) Grebe Shear Zone, which extends into Eastern and Western Fiordland. Qualitative and quantitative P-T estimates indicate the currently exposed level of the Grebe Mylonite Zone was active at amphibolite facies conditions (c. 600�C and c. 6 kbar). Coupled U-Pb and Ar-Ar data indicate the mylonite zone was active at, or between, c. 128 and 116 Ma. Temperature-time profiles constructed along a transect perpendicular to the shear zone, used in conjunction with fabric data and the orientation of nearby Tertiary unconformities, suggest that the currently sub-vertical shear zone was rotated during the Cenozoic from an initially steeply east-dipping geometry with a reverse sense of shear. This style of deformation is consistent with an inclined continuously partitioned transpressional structure. Synkinematic emplacement and deformation of the Refrigerator Orthogneiss implies that Grebe Shear Zone provided a crustal anisotropy that facilitated the movement and emplacement of some Separation Point Suite magmas through the crust.
Data collected here are interpreted to show that the Grebe Shear Zone is a terrane-bounding suture. Differences in metasedimentary rock composition, age, provenance and metamorphism across the zone suggest that the crustal framework to Eastern Fiordland did not forth in its current tectonic position. Instead, the Mesozoic portion of Eastern Fiordland is inferred to have developed allochthonously with respect to Western Fiordland, with components internally dismembered and rearranged during Jurassic metamorphism and juxtaposition in the Early Cretaceous. However, the Jurassic portion of the arc may have developed near the Gondwana margin because the Jurassic Borland Paragneiss contains detritus that can be partly matched to sources in the Western and Eastern Provinces of New Zealand, as well as early parts of the Darran/Median Suite and Loch Burn Formation. Recognition that the Eastern Fiordland arc was faulted against and then over Western Fiordland in the Early Cretaceous provides a possible driving mechanism for coeval transpressive shortening, rapid burial and high-pressure metamorphism (e.g., as seen in the Mt Murrell Amphibolite) of the lower Western Fiordland crust.
9
Centeno-García, Elena. "Tectonic evolution of the Guerrero terrane, western Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186665.
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The Guerrero terrane of western Mexico is characterized by an Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary sequence of arc affinity. The arc assemblage rests unconformably on partially metamorphosed rocks of possible Triassic-Jurassic age. These "basement units," the Arteaga and Placeres Complexes and the Zacatecas Formation, are composed of deformed turbidites, basalts, volcanic-derived graywackes, and blocks of chert and limestone. Sandstones from the basement units are mostly quartzitic and have a recycled orogen-subduction complex provenance. They have negative ᵋNdi (-5 to -7), model Nd ages of 1.3 Ga., and enrichment in light REE, indicating that they were supplied from an evolved continental crust. The volcanic graywackes are derived from juvenile sources (depleted in LREE and ᵋNd = +6), though they represent a small volume of sediments. Primary sources for these turbidites might be the Grenville belt or NW South America. Basement rocks in western North America are not suitable sources because they are more isotopically evolved. Igneous rocks from the basement units are of MORB affinity (depleted LREE and ᵋNdi = +10 to +6). The Jurassic(?)-Cretaceous arc volcanic rocks have ᵋNdi (+7.9 to +3.9) and REE patterns similar to those of evolved intraoceanic island arcs. Sandstones related to the arc assemblage are predominantly volcaniclastic. These sediments have positive ᵋNdi values (+3 to +6) and REE with IAV-affinity. The Guerrero terrane seems to be characterized by two major tectonic assemblages. The Triassic-Middle Jurassic "basement assemblage" that corresponds to an ocean-floor assemblage with sediments derived from continental sources, and the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous arc assemblage formed in an oceanic island arc setting. During the Laramide orogeny the arc was placed against nuclear Mexico. Then, the polarity of the sedimentation changed from westward to eastward, and sediments derived from the arc-assemblage flooded nuclear Mexico. This process marks the "continentalization" of the Guerrero terrane, which on average represents a large addition of juvenile crust to the western North American Cordillera during Mesozoic time.
10
Al-Barwani, Badar Hilal Saif. "Tectonic evolution of the South Oman salt basin." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405120.
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11
De, Azevedo Renato Pimenta. "Tectonic evolution of Brazilian equatorial continental margin basins." Online version, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.389980.
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Schermer, Elizabeth 1959. "Tectonic evolution of the Mt. Olympos region, Greece." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60419.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1989.2 folded leaves in pocket.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 261-272).
by Elizabeth Renee Schermer.
Ph.D.
13
De, Azevedo Renato Pimenta. "Tectonic evolution of Brazilian equatorial continental margin basins." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8521.
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The structural style and stratigraphic relationships of sedimentary basins along the Brazilian Equatorial Atlantic Continental Margin were used to construct an empirical tectonic model for the development of ancient transform margins. The model is constrained by detailed structural and subsidence analyses of several basins along the margin. The structural framework of the basins was defined at shallow and deep levels by the integration of many geophysical and geological data sets. Basin-forming mechanisms and their thermal and mechanical effects on the initiation and development of the basins were then evaluated. The results of these analyses, together with a kinematic framework of the Atlantic opening, helped to describe and constrain the tectonic model for the equatorial margin of Brazil. A comprehensive review of the continental and oceanic geology of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean and its continental margins shows that fundamental discontinuities of the continental Hthosphere of the South American and African plates are correlated across the Atlantic and are linked to major E-W oriented oceanic fracture zones. The Romanche Fracture Zone, in particular, and its continental margin extensions, are linked with the Kandi/Sobral-Transbrasiliano Shear Zones in the continental crust of West Africa and North Brazil respectively. The extension of the oceanic fracture zones to both continents are marked by Precambrian age shear zones which show histories of multiple strikeslip reactivation during the Phanerozoic. The original assumption of strong rotational rigidity used in earlier kinematic plate-tectonic models is challenged based on mounting evidence of intraplate deformation of the South American plate during the Early Cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. The Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, defined as an oceanic basin that developed between the Ascencion and the Bahamas Oceanic Fracture Zones, was initially formed by fragmentation and breakup of the northwestern Gondwana during the Aptian-Cenomanian interval. A transtensional shear corridor with dextral sense of displacement was developed at the site of the present-day northern continental margin of Brazil which, in the segment studied in detail in this thesis. Abstract Page VI Tectonic Evolution of Brazilian Equatorial Continental Margin Basins formed the Barreirinhas and Para-Maranhao marginal basins. The Barreirinhas and Para-Maranhao Basins were divided in three tectonic domains: the Tutoia, Caete and Tromai Sub-basins. The Caete area is characterized by NW-SE striking and northeast-dipping normal faults. A pure shear mechanism of basin formation is suggested for its development. The structure of the Tutoia and Tromaf Sub-basins are more complex and indicative of a major strike-slip component with dextral sense of displacement, during early stages of basin evolution. These two later sub-basins were developed on a lithosphere characterized by an abrupt transition (<50 km wide) from an unstretched continent to an oceanic lithosphere. The transitional lithosphere is marked by fracture zones in which horizontal shearing along vertical zones was the dominant process. The subsidence history of these basins do not comply with the classical models developed for passive margins or continental rifting. The Gurupi Graben System is an onshore chain of asymmetrical NW-SE striking grabens developed simultaneously with the offshore basins. The system was formed by minor upper crustal extension (9-16%) which is suggested to have occurred as a result of NE-SW extension during the Aptian-Early Albian. A simple shear mechanism comprising a low-angle detachment linking the crustal deformation of the graben system to that of the offshore basins is thought to explain the geometrical relationship with the transtensional shear corridor. The grabens are interpreted as being produced by the extensional reactivation of Precambrian age shear zones. Basement anisotropy played a dominant role in the external geometry and internal organization of these basins. The thermo-mechanical model proposed for the Brazilian Equatorial Margin includes heterogeneous stretching combined with shearing at the plate margin. The tectonic history comprises: (1) Triassic-Jurassic limited extension associated with the Central Atlantic evolution (Marajo Rift System); (2) Neocomian intraplate deformation consisting of strike-slip reactivation of pre-existing shear zones and development of the Potiguar Graben; (3) Aptian-Cenomanian twophase period of dextral shearing documented in the Pard-Maranhao/ Barreirinhas Basin System; and (4) Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic sea-floor spreading.
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Seyrek, Emre. "Post-miocene Tectonic Evolution Of Alidag Anticline, Adiyaman, Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609511/index.pdf.
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Adiyaman region is situated within SE Anatolian Fold and Thrust Belt which is a
part of Alpine-Himalayan Mountain Belt system. The Belt is evolved as Eurasian
plate and Arabian plate amalgamates in SE Anatolia. There are two main
contractional deformational periods, Late Cretaceous and Late Miocene, which are
followed by a strike slip deformation, during post-Late Miocene characterizing the
tectonics of SE Anatolia.
Series of folds and thrusts have a trend of almost ENE-WSW direction. The analysis
on bedding planes and folds shows around N70E trend. On the other hand, two
overthrusts that are closely linked to the folds and a sinistral strike-slip fault with
reverse component are differentiated. The overthrust belt with ENE-WSW trend
bounds the study area from north with a vergence from north to south and situated on
top of folded upper Miocene sequences. Another overthrust and a cross-cutting strike
slip fault with reverse component &ndashAdiyaman Fault- form a &ldquo
pop-up&rdquo
structure (positive flower structure) which is characteristic for in a transpressional regimes manifested in geological cross-sections done from borehole correlations and seismic sections. To conclude, by combining the surface (field data) and subsurface data (seismic and borehole data), the Alidag anticlinal structure that is formed along the Adiyaman Fault are developed after the Late Miocene under transpressional regime.
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Whittaker, Joanne. "Tectonic consequences of mid-ocean ridge evolution and subduction." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3971.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Mid-ocean ridges are a fundamental but insufficiently understood component of the global plate tectonic system. Mid-ocean ridges control the landscape of the Earth's ocean basins through seafloor spreading and influence the evolution of overriding plate margins during midocean ridge subduction. The majority of new crust created at the surface of the Earth is formed at mid-ocean ridges and the accretion process strongly influences the morphology of the seafloor, which interacts with ocean currents and mixing to influence ocean circulation and regional and global climate. Seafloor spreading rates are well known to influence oceanic basement topography. However, I show that parameters such as mantle conditions and spreading obliquity also play significant roles in modulating seafloor topography. I find that high mantle temperatures are associated with smooth oceanic basement, while cold and/or depleted mantle is associated with rough basement topography. In addition spreading obliquities greater than > 45° lead to extreme seafloor roughness. These results provide a predictive framework for reconstructing the seafloor of ancient oceans, a fundamental input required for modelling ocean-mixing in palaeoclimate studies. The importance of being able to accurately predict the morphology of vanished ocean floor is demonstrated by a regional analysis of the Adare Trough, which shows through an analysis of seismic stratigraphy how a relatively rough bathymetric feature can strongly influence the flow of ocean bottom currents. As well as seafloor, mid-ocean ridges influence the composition and morphology of overriding plate margins as they are consumed by subduction, with implications for landscape and natural resources development. Mid-ocean ridge subduction also effects the morphology and composition of the overriding plate margin by influencing the tectonic regime experienced by the overriding plate margin and impacting on the volume, composition and timing of arc-volcanism. Investigation of the Wharton Ridge slab window that formed beneath Sundaland between 70 Ma and 43 Ma reveals that although the relative motion of an overriding plate margin is the dominant force effecting tectonic regime on the overriding plate margin, this can be overridden by extension caused by the underlying slab window. Mid-ocean ridge subduction can also affect the balance of global plate motions. A longstanding controversy in global tectonics concerns the ultimate driving forces that cause periodic plate reorganisations. I find strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that the plates themselves drive instabilities in the plate-mantle system rather than major mantle overturns being the driving mechanism. I find that rapid sub-parallel subduction of the Izanagi mid-ocean ridge and subsequent catastrophic slab break o_ likely precipitated a global plate reorganisation event that formed the Emperor-Hawaii bend, and the change in relative plate motion between Australia and Antarctica at approximately 50 Ma
16
Bland, Michael T. "The Tectonic, Thermal and Magnetic Evolution of Icy Satellites." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194804.
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Focusing on Ganymede and Enceladus, this work addresses a number of issues regarding icy satellite evolution, including the ultimate cause of Ganymede's tectonic and cryovolcanic resurfacing, the production of Ganymede's magnetic field, the formation of Ganymede's grooved terrain, and the tectonic and thermal evolution of Enceladus.Both Ganymede's resurfacing and the production of its magnetic field may be attributable to the Galilean satellites' passage through a Laplace-like resonance that excited Ganymede's orbital eccentricity. I examine how resonance passage effects Ganymede's thermal evolution using a coupled orbital-thermal model. Dissipation of tidal energy in Ganymede's ice shell permits high heat fluxes in its past, consistent with the formation of the grooved terrain; however, it also leads to the formation of a thin ice shell, which would have significant consequences for Ganymede's geologic history. In contrast, negligible tidal dissipation occurs in Ganymede's silicate mantle. Thus, passage through a Laplace-like resonance cannot reinvigorate Ganymede's metallic core or enable present-day magnetic field generation.Ganymede's thermal evolution has driven tectonic deformation on its surface, producing numerous swaths of ridges and troughs termed ``grooved terrain.'' Grooved terrain likely formed via unstable extension of Ganymede's lithosphere, but questions regarding instability growth at large strains remain unanswered. To address these questions, I use the finite-element model TEKTON to simulation the extension of an icy lithosphere to examine instability growth at finite strains. My results indicate that large-amplitude deformation requires lower thermal gradients than have been suggested by analytical models; however, the maximum deformation amplitudes produced by our numerical models are lower than typical observed groove amplitudes.Finally, I apply our finite-element modeling to the formation of ridges and troughs on Enceladus. Comparison between our models and photoclinometry profiles of Enceladus' topography indicate that the heat flux was high at the time of ridge and trough formation. Thus, the tectonic resurfacing and high heat fluxes currently observed at Enceladus' south pole may be only the latest episode in a long history of localized resurfacing and global reorientation.
17
Mohriak, Webster Ueipass. "The tectonic evolution of the Campos Basin, offshore Brazil." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236437.
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Yuan, Chao, and 袁超. "Magmatism and tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun Mountains." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29815162.
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Broadley, L. N. S. "Tectonic evolution of the Ionian thrust belt, NW Greece." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1334086/.
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The Ionian Zone is a classic thin-skinned fold and thrust belt that has been believed to have undergone a multiphase clockwise vertical axis rotation of 40°-60° since the Miocene, based on palaeomagnetism and geodesy. Timings, however, are disputed and spatial variations have largely been ignored. In this study, data from 21 new palaeomagnetic sites are presented alongside a reappraisal of previous results from the Ionian Zone. These results are integrated with basement geometry derived from gravity modelling and an estimate of the variation in shortening across the thrust belt, both of which were performed as part of this study. The palaeomagnetic analysis supports a bulk ~55° clockwise rotation of the Ionian Zone, albeit with significant local variations. It is suggested that the Gulf of Amvrakia (GoA), which divides the present day Ionian Zone into the geographic provinces of Epiros and Akarnania, formed an important boundary during thrusting; distinctly different patterns of rotational deformation are observed in the two provinces. In Epiros, north of the GoA, relative rotations between adjacent sections of neighbouring thrust sheets suggest that rotation occurred during thrust sheet emplacement, initially slowly just prior to emplacement, followed by rapid rotation during emplacement. Conversely, in Akarnania, all thrust sheets have undergone a consistent ~70° clockwise rotation, and it is suggested that this was accommodated on the Ionian Thrust, with the largest part of the horizontal displacement taken up by subduction. Foreland basement geometry, derived from gravity modelling, is proposed to have been influential in the tectonic evolution of the Ionian Zone. Interaction with basement obstacles resulted in lower rotations in the northernmost Ionian Zone, duplexing in central Epiros and, possibly, out-of-sequence thrusting Akarnania. The conclusions of this study are distinct from previous findings as they imply no rotation of the most external Ionian Zone and the Paxos Zone occurred prior to the advance of thrusting into this region, rather than a multiphase rotation of the whole zone.
20
Pickett, Elizabeth Anne. "Tectonic evolution of the Palaeotethys Ocean in NW Turkey." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11255.
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NW Turkey displays a series of pre-Jurassic tectonostratigraphic units which are critical to our understanding of the western portion of the sutured Palaeotethys Ocean and the processes involved in its tectonic evolution. During this study, sedimentological, structural and lithological data were collected from NW Turkey, with the aim of elucidating the Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic history of the Palaeotethys Ocean. These units are: (a) ultrabasic slabs with metamorphic soles (Denizgören/Lesbos Ophiolites) emplaced onto Upper Permian carbonate platform units (e.g. Karadaǧ Unit), (b) amphibolites and gneisses (Kazdaǧ Massif), (c) Permo-Triassic volcano sedimentary units (Karakaya Complex) with an Upper Triassic-Jurassic sedimentary cover (Bayrköy/Hallar Formations and Bilecik Limestone), (d) thick Triassic carbonate platforms overlying mélange units (Chios and Karaburun sequences). A major focus of this study is the Karakaya Complex, a deformed, low-grade metamorphic assemblage of oceanic origin which comprises a SE-dipping stack of distinct tectonostratigraphic units (Nilüfer, Ortaoba, Kalabak and Çal Units), here interpreted as a Palaeotethyan accretionary complex. The Nilüfer Unit comprises spilites, volcaniclastics and limestone. The spilites have within-plate geochemical signatures and this, together with the absence of terrigenous material, leads to an interpretation as a seamount sequence. The tectonically overlying Ortaoba Unit comprises basalt-chert-turbidite sequences.
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Jordahl, Kelsey Allyn 1970. "Tectonic evolution and midplate volcanism in the South Pacific." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9681.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-139).
by Kelsey Allyn Jordahl.
Ph.D.
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Murton, B. J. "Tectonic evolution of the Western Limassol Forest Complex, Cyprus." Thesis, Open University, 1986. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54612/.
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The Western Limassol Forest Complex (WLFC), Cyprus, forms an anomalous ophioliteterrain in the south of the Troodos Massif. Detailed studies have revealed magmatic and structural histories that differ markedly from the Penrose-type ophiolite of the Troodos Massif to the north. In the WLFC, a tectonised harzburgite of upper mantle origin has been intruded by multiple ultramafic and gabbroic plutons and swarms of mainly NE-SW trending dykes. The entire complex has been sheared along E-W trending serpentinite shear zones, the orientation of which indicate sinistral displacement. The various styles of deformation from ductile to brittle, and the progressive cooling history of the Intrusive plutons and dykes indicate a history of about 4km of uplift for the host upper mantle lithologies, while in a sea floor setting. The geochemistry of the intrusive plutons and dykes is similar to the lavas that crop out around the periphery of the WLFC, and Indicate derivation from a depleted upper mantle source. Geochemical comparison with the Troodos massif basalts suggests a tectonic history involving rapid extension across the WLFC and adiabatic melting of the upper mantle producing boninitic magmas. The regional setting for the WLFC suggests a model of formation involving the development of a transtensional transform fault zone and an extensional relay zone that off-set to the south, sinistral transform movement along the Arakapas fault belt. Comparison of the WLFC with a transpressional palaeo-transform fault preserved in the Antalya complex of Turkey suggests that the Neo-Tethyan spreading system (within which the Troodos massifformed) was experiencing an anticlockwise rotational torque during the final stages of oceanic crustal formation.
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Faulkner, Paul Anthony. "Tectonic and thermal evolution of South Atlantic marginal basins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251749.
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The Malvinas and Austral basins of SE Argentina formed in response to extension and volcanism which commenced from ~168 ± 3 Ma. Termination of syn-rift subsidence in these basins is correlated with oceanic crust formation in the Weddell Sea at 150 Ma. Thermal subsidence preceded up to 1.5 km of water-loaded flexural subsidence in this area during the Cenozoic. The San Jorge basin (central Argentina) formed between ~200-160 Ma. This basin was subjected to a second major extensional phase at ~140 Ma which also resulted in the formation of the Colorado, Salado, and Punta del Este basins to the north. A final period of renewed syn-rift subsidence in these basins occurred at ~100 Ma. Initial extension on the southern African margins began at ~155 Ma with the formation of the Outeniqua basin. Subsidence modelling implies a second extensional event affected the central Outeniqua basin at 135-125 Ma. On the west coast, the Orange basin formed in response to a single rift episode at ~140-110 Ma. Several periods of uplift and denudation dramatically punctuated the post-rift development of each of the southern African offshore basins. Major uplift and denudation events are identified at ~125 Ma, 94 Ma, 84 Ma and 65 Ma. Data from the first wells to be drilled in the North Falkland basin are used to determine the tectonic and thermal evolution of this region. The northern sector of the basin formed as a result of a single rift event at ~168-120 Ma with a maximum stretching factor of b = 1.5. An early post-rift heat pulse in this northern sector may be related to synchronous uplift in the south of the basin. Rifting related to the break-up of Gondwana is correlated throughout the southern South Atlantic marginal basins. The timing, number, and intensity of subsidence events in these basins differed locally, and there is evidence for south-north rift propagation. The post-rift tectonic and thermal histories of these basins show marked regional differences.
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Souza, Filho Carlos Roberto de. "Remote sensing and the tectonic evolution of Northern Eritrea." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665978.
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Utami, Pri. "Hydrothermal alteration and the evolution of the Lahendong geothermal system, North Sulawesi, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/10032.
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The Lahendong geothermal system (North Sulawesi) is the first geothermal system in eastern Indonesia developed for electricity generation. It is a liquid-dominated system located in steep terrain with thermal manifestation at about 750 m asl. To date the system is penetrated by 27 wells to measured depths ranging from 1500 to 2500 m. The reservoir rocks are andesite and rhyolite ranging from to 2.2 to 0.5 Ma. The typical temperature inside the thermally active area is 250 oC at about 1000 m bsl. Lahendong is also the first geothermal system developed in an arc – arc collision setting. A purpose of this study is to describe the hydrothermal alteration and evolution of a system in such setting ...
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Yan, Chaolei. "The Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the western Jiagenen Orogenic Belt and its Early Paleozoic-Mesozoic tectonic reworking." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2041/document.
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La chaîne de collision d'âge néoprotérozoïque de Jiangnan, orientée NE-SW, marque la limite entre les blocs duYangtze et de Cathaysia. Son évolution tectonique reste encore débattue. Une des questions les plus controversées est l'âge de la collision entre les deux blocs. Afin d'acquérir une meilleure compréhension de ce problème, nous avons collecté des échantillons dans les couches sédimentaires situées au-dessus et au-dessous de la discordance dans le but de comparer les spectres d'âge des zircons détritiques et aussi de les confronter à ceux décrits dans les séries néoprotérozoïques des régions du Yangtze, Jiangnan et Cathaysia. En outre, nous nous sommes intéressés aux plutons granitiques d'âge néoproterozoïque de Sanfang et Yuanbaoshan, de type-S, situés dans la partie occidentale de la chaîne de Jiangnan afin de tracer l'évolution tectonique de la région depuis 830 Ma par la mise en œuvre de méthodes pluridisciplinaires : géologie structurale, géochronologie U-Pb, AMS, modélisation gravimétrique et thermochronologie Argon.Notre étude montre les résultats suivants : (i) La chaîne de Jiangnan s'est formée par la collision des blocs de Yangtze et Cathaysia entre ca. 865 and 830 Ma ; (ii) Les intrusions granitiques de 830 Ma se sont mises en place dans des formations encaissantes du groupe Sibao plissées et faillées. Les plutons ont été construits par accumulation latérale E-W de filons N-S, avec un écoulement horizontal du magma du sud vers le nord ; (iii). Un cisaillement ductile du haut vers l'Ouest a été reconnu dans la partie supérieure des plutons. Des âges Ar/Ar vers 420 Ma obtenus sur plusieurs grains de muscovite et biotite déformés impliquent que le cisaillement ductile peut être : a) formé pendant l'orogenèse du Paléozoïque inférieur de Chine du Sud, ou b) pendant la mise en place des plutons au Néoprotérozoïque dans une croûte chaude, sous la température de fermeture du chronomètre argon, puis lors de l'orogenèse du Paléozoïque inférieur, ce domaine crustal de Chine du Sud est passé au-dessous de 350°C; (iv) Durant la période 420-240 Ma, la région de Sanfang-Yuanbaoshana connu un refroidissement lent qui pourrait correspondre au ré-équilibrage isostatique de la croûteThe Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is a NE-SW trending Neoproterozoic collisional suture, marking the boundary between the Yangtze Block and the Cathaysia Block. Its tectonic evolution is still debated. One of the most controversial questions is the timing of the collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. In order to have a better understanding of this problem, we have collected the sedimentary rocks from the strata both overlying and underlying the Neoproterozoic unconformities to compare the detrital zircon age spectra between them, as well as to compare the detrital zircon spectra of Neoproterozoic sequences among the Yangtze, Jiangnan and Cathaysia regions. Moreover, we paid attention to the Neoproterozoic S-type granite plutons located in the western Jiangnan region in order to trace the crustal evolution in the Sanfang-Yuanbaoshan area since 830 Ma by multidisciplinary methods, including structural geology, geochronology, AMS, gravity modelling and Argon isotopic dating.Our study shows that : (i) The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt was built up due to the assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks between ca. 865 and 830 Ma ; (ii) The 830 Ma granitic magma intruded into the pre-existing folds and faults in the Sibao group, the tongue-and/orsill-shaped plutonswere constructed by anE-W lateral accumulation of N-S oriented dykeswith adominantly northward horizontal magma flow from south to north ; (iii)A top-to-the-W ductile shearband has been identified on the top of plutons, (iv) the coherent mica Ar-Ar age of ca. 420 Ma, obtained from the deformed muscovite, implies that this shearing may be formed either a)during the Early Paleozoicorogeny, or b) during the Neoproterozoic plutons emplacement, then the plutons were exhumed by the Paleozoic orogeny ; (iv) During the 420-240 Ma period, the Sanfang-Yuanbaoshan area has experienced a slow cool ingrate, which may correspond to the isostatic re-equilibration of the crust
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Hall, L. A. F. "Ordovician tectonic evolution of the southern Long Range Mountains, Newfoundland." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0004/MQ42388.pdf.
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Volkmer, John E. "The Cretaceous - Tertiary Tectonic Evolution of the Lhasa terrane, Tibet." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195070.
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A thorough understanding of Tibetan Plateau growth requires knowledge of the geological evolution of the Tibetan terranes as they were accreted to the Eurasian margin during the Phanerozoic. This dissertation research addresses the tectonic evolution of the southernmost of these, the Lhasa terrane of Tibet from the Late Jurassic to Eocene. The data and insights presented herein are the result of extensive geologic fieldwork in the northern and central Lhasa terrane of Tibet. In this work I present new geologic mapping and thermochronologic data that reveals a terrane scale passive roof thrust belt in the northern Lhasa terrane that accommodates significant upper crustal shortening without exhuming basement rocks. Through the development of a geospatially referenced database of igneous crystallization ages, I show that Cretaceous magmatism on the Lhasa terrane was not static, but exhibited significant temporal-spatial migrations. I interpret these movements as the result of variations in Neo-Tethyan slab dip and suggest that these variations are a major factor in shaping the Cretaceous tectonics of the Lhasa terrane. Finally, I present the Cretaceous-Eocene tectonic evolution of the Lhasa terrane that shows that the Lhasa terrane was above sea level and likely had attained significant elevation prior to the accretion of India to Eurasia and that the development of the high elevation Plateau developed outward from a central core, rather than from south to north as is commonly thought. These insights refute the widely held view that the Tibetan Plateau is the result of the Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision.
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Richards, David Ronald. "Terranes and tectonic evolution of the Andes: A regional synthesis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187114.
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The Pacific margin of South America was predominantly a subduction margin throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. In the mid-Cretaceous, the continental margin arc from southernmost South America to southern Peru changed from a near sea-level, "neutral" arc to a subaerial, compressive arc. Only minor terrane accretion occurred in the central and southern Andes during this subduction episode (Darwinia and Canta terranes), but there was extensive Cretaceous-Tertiary accretion of oceanic terranes in the northern Andes (Villa de Cura, Cordillera de la Costa, Amaime, Cauca-Macuchi, Pinon, and Baudo terranes). These oceanic additions to the continent were primarily by an oblique subduction/strike-slip process. The development of an uplifted continental margin arc in the Eocene, shedding coarse sediments to the east, followed the accretion of the Cretaceous oceanic terranes in the northern Andes. The Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Andean margin, in contrast to the Mesozoic-Cenozoic subduction-dominated evolution, shows a tectonically varied margin in space and time. In the central to southern Andes, lower Paleozoic continental margin terranes (Puna and Precordillera terranes) accreted against a margin that displays lower Paleozoic magmatic arc, as well as rift assemblages. Outboard of these terranes are continental terranes (Arequipa and Chilenia terranes) characterized by Precambrian or lower Paleozoic basement that were in place by the Carboniferous. In the late Paleozoic, subduction complexes (Chiloe and Magallanes terranes) were accreted during development of the late Carboniferous continental margin arc in the southern Andes. In the northern Andes, terranes of continental character were also emplaced (Zamora, Eastern Cordillera and Merida terranes) inboard of the younger oceanic terranes, but their final accretion was a result of the late Paleozoic collision of Gondwana and Laurentia. Late Ordovician and Devonian-Early Carboniferous orogenies affected substantial parts of the Andean margin. A magmatic arc developed along the southern Andes following these orogenies, and it continued into the Mesozoic-Cenozoic without major interruption. A Mesozoic-Cenozoic arc eventually extended the length of western South America, with the subduction process producing the present Andean Cordillera, primarily as a result of Neogene orogeny.
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Ibrahim, Sherif El Sayed. "Tectonic evolution of the El-Shush/Umm Gheig area (Egypt)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338848.
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Inwood, Jennifer. "The tectonic evolution of the Hatay ophiolite of southeast Turkey." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/745.
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A combination of palaeomagnetic and structural analyses have been used to constrain rotations in the Hatay (Kizildag) ophiolite of southeast Turkey in the eastern Mediterranean region and to produce a tectonic model for its evolution. The ophiolite comprisesp art of a prominent chain of southern Neotethyano phiolites that stretches from the Troodos ophiolite of Cyprus eastwards to the Semail ophiolite of Oman. The Hatay ophiolite and the related Badr-Bassit ophiolite of Syria comprise the most westerly oPhiolites emplaced onto the Arabian platform in the Maastrichtian. The palaeornagnetic analyses demonstrate that a large coherent anticlockwise rotation was experienced by the Hatay ophiolite, with minor variability resulting from differential rotations of adjacent tectonic blocks. Positive inclination-only tilt tests indicate that the Hatay ophiolite preserves a pre-deformational magnetisation. This is supported by rock magnetic analyses, consistent with a seafloor origin of magnetisation acquisition, soon after genesis at a spreading ridge. Magnetic carriers capable of preserving a remanence stable over geological time are identified. Palaeomagnetic analyses of the sedimentary cover sequences of the Hatay and Badr-Bassit ophiolites have been performed to provide timing constraints on the rotations in the underlying ophiolites. These illustrate that a large component of the rotations occurred pre-emplacement of the Hatay/Baer-Bassit sheet. Structural analyses performed on all levels of the Hatay ophiolite and its sedimentary cover add insight into the phases of deformation that have affected the ophiolite and enable rotations to be constrained in relation to the structural development of the ophiolite. The structural events recognised can be linked to the regional tectonic evolution of the ophiolite and used to critically evaluate previous tectonic interpretations of the Hatay ophiolite. Comparison between the large coherent anticlockwise rotations observed in the Troodos, Hatay and Badr-Bassit ophiolites imply that a significant component is likely to be linked to a common cause, inferred to be of intraoceanic origin as part of a coherent microplate. Thus, existing models for the rotation of the Troodos microplate have been revised to incorporate a larger area and also account for the rotations of the Hatay and Badr-Bassit ophiolites. Restoration of sheeted dykes to their original orientations implies that a primary variation in dyke strike existed within the southern Neotethyan ocean. In combination with the implications of the palaeomagnetic results for microplate rotation, these characteristics suggest formation of the ophiolites within a complex Neotethyan spreading system, an alogous in many respects to fast-spreading marginal basin systems of the modem oceans.
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Balaguru, Allagu. "Tectonic evolution and sedimentation of the southern Sabah basins, Malaysia." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274927.
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Cole, John E. "The comparative tectonic evolution of variscan coal-bearing foreland basins." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360572.
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Daly, M. C. "The tectonic and thermal evolution of the Irumide belt, Zambia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372590.
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Williams, Helen Myfanwy. "Magmatic and tectonic evolution of Southern Tibet and the Himalaya." Thesis, [n.p.], 2000. http://library7.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=58.
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Hall, Lindsay Anne Forsyth. "Ordovician tectonic evolution of the southern Long Range Mountains, Newfoundland /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 1998. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,39263.
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Xue, Zhenhua. "Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Longmenshan thrust belt, East Tibet." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2020/document.
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La ceinture orogénique de Longmenshan (LMTB) constitue la frontière orientale du plateau tibétain, qui est reconnue par sa topographie escarpée, son activité tectonique intensive ainsi ses la complexité de ses structures. Comme une orogène typique, le LMTB a subi une forte déformation intracontinentale au cours du Mésozoïque. Ainsi, la connaissance sur l’évolution tectonique du Mésozoïque de la LMTB est cruciale pour comprendre l’orogenèse intracontinentale et la surrection du plateau tibétain. Une ceinture de clivage verticaux divise la LMTB en une zone occidentale et une orientale. La Zone orientale présente un top-to-SE cisaillement tandis que la zone occidentale présente un top-to-NW cisaillement. La zone orientale peut être subdivisée en quatre sous-unités avec de foliations orientées du SE au NW. Le granite syntectonique et les données géochronologiques contraignent cette déformation principale au Mésozoïque inférieur (environ 219 Ma). L’analyse structurale, l’AMS, l’étude microstructurale et la modélisation gravimétrique sur le complexe de Pengguan, l’un des complexes de l’orogène néoprotérozoïques au milieu de segment de la LMTB), révèlent une structure des slices du socle imbriquées de la LMTB et la zone adjacente. Les âges connus, l’exhumation rapide localisée et la subsidence du bassin flextual suggèrent que les slices du socle sont imbriquées au cours du Mésozoïque supérieur (166-120 Ma). La LMTB se trouve loin de la limite de la plaque contemporaine, et est absence de matériel ophiolitique, donc elle peut être considéré comme une orogène intracontinentale. Pendant le début du Mésozoïque, le Yangtze plate subductait vers l’ouest en fermant l’océan paléo-Téthys. Cette tectonique a exhumé des matériaux de différentes profondeurs en surface par des chevauchements vers le SE et chevauchements arrières vers le NW. Au cours de la fin du Mésozoïque, le socle a été soulevé davantage en raison de la collision entre les blocs de Lhasa et de l’Eurasie, qui a conduit à une imbrication des slices du socle et épaissi la croûteThe Longmenshan Thrust Belt (LMTB), constituting the eastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau, is well known by its steep topography, intensive tectonic activities and the complicated structures. As a typical composite orogen, the LMTB experienced extensive intracontinental deformation during the Mesozoic. The knowledge on the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the LMTB therefore is crucial to understand the intracontinental orogeny and uplifting of the Plateau. The vertical cleavage belt divides the LMTB into a Western Zone and an Eastern Zone. The Eastern Zone displays a top-to-the-SE shearing while the western zone a top-to-the-NW shearing. The Eastern Zone can be further divided into four subunits with foliations deepening from SE to NW. The syntectonic granite and published geochronologic data constrain this main deformation to the Early Mesozoic around 219 Ma. Structural analysis, AMS and microstructural study and gravity modeling on the Pengguan complex, one of the orogen-parallel Neoproterozoic complexes located in the middle segment of the LMTB, reveal a basement-slice imbricated structure of the LMTB and adjacent areas. Published ages, localized fast exhumation rate and flexural subsidence of the foreland basin suggest that the basement-slices imbricated southeastwards during Late Mesozoic (166-120 Ma). The LMTB is far away from the contemporaneous plate boundary and devoid of ophiolite-related material, therefore, it is supposed to be an intracontinental orogen. During the Early Mesozoic, the Yangtze basement underthrusted westwards due to the far-field effect of the Paleo-Tethys’ obliteration, and the materials in different structural levels have been exhumated to the surface by southeastward thrusting and contemporaneous backward thrusting. During the Late Mesozoic, the basement is further underthrusted due to the collision between the Lhasa and Eurasia blocks, which led to SE-ward imbrication of the basementslices that may thicken the crust
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Dinter, David A. "Tectonic evolution of the Rhodope metamorphic core complex, northeastern Greece." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60431.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 302-311).
by David Anton Dinter.
Ph.D.
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Coleman, Margaret E. (Margaret Emily). "The tectonic evolution of the central Himalya, Marsyandi Valley, Nepal." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10663.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1996.Folded map in pocket following text.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Margaret E. Coleman.
Ph.D.
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MacLeod, Christopher John. "The tectonic evolution of the Eastern Limassol Forest Complex, Cyprus." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57257/.
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The Eastern Limassol Forest Complex (ELFC) lies at the southern margin of the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus, and preserves a Penrose-type stratigraphy with a 4km-thick crustal sequence. The ELFC is separated from the main part of the Troodos Massif by an east-west trending fault zone, the Arakapas Fault Belt, which earlier studies suggest formed the northern wall of an oceanic transform fault. Transform-related structures are identifiable in the northern part of the ELFC, and volcaniclastic turbiditic sediments intercalated with lava flows attest to the existence of a bathymetric depression coincident with the fault zone. A southern boundary to the transform fault zone is recognised within the ELFC, with the abrupt disappearance of interlava sediments and E-W trending structures. Crust to the south of the boundary was generated at an 'Anti-Troodos' ridge axis. A width of c.5km is implied for the transform. The accretionary geometry of the ELFC has been extensively modified by postvolcanic tectonism. Sustained extension oblique to the trend of the transform has resulted in the reactivation of transform-related structures as normal faults, which have been rotated 'falling domino' style, together with the greater part of the axis sequence crust, above a decollement horizon located near to the petrological Moho. Extensional strain was preferentially accommodated in the transform-tectonised north of the ELFC. In the south, NW-striking normal faults are more steeply dipping, and block tilting is less extreme. Mesostructural data suggest that these normal faults have been reactivated as oblique dextral strike-slip faults and, with subsidiary NE-trending structures, are responsible for clockwise block rotations about steeply plunging axes. The timing of the deformation is constrained with respect to the overlying pelagic sediments, which suggest that the extension continued from the Turonian (i.e. almost immediately after ophiolite formation) to the late Campanian, and that the strike-slip reactivation occurred in late Campanian to early Maastrictian times. Palaeomagnetic studies have shown that Cyprus experienced a 90· anticlockwise rotation, which commenced in the Campanian-Maastrichtian interval, and it is argued that the late dextral strike-slip movements in the southern ELFC reflect deformation close to the margin of the rotating Cyprus microplate. The extensional reactivation of the transform in the Turonian-Campanian may correspond to an anticlockwise torque applied to the Troodos ocean floor prior to actual rotation. The rotation of Cyprus is thought to have been a consequence of the collision of the Arabian continental promontory to the east with an intra-oceanic subduction zone (above which Troodos was created) in the Upper Cretaceous.
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Gates, Alexander E. "The tectonic evolution of the Altavista area, Southwest Virginia Piedmont." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52312.
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The Altavista area lies at the north end of a large area of continuous detailed mapping in the proposed westward thrusted Smith River Allochthon of the Southwest Virginia Piedmont. It also lies at the south end of an area of continuous mapping in the central Virginia Piedmont. The stratigraphy of the Smith River Allochthon has not been related to any other in the Southern Appalachians. The units defined to the north of Altavista are Late Precambrian to Early Paleozoic in age and correlated to many other areas in the Central and Southern Applalchians. At Altavista the two stratigraphies merge and are correlatable. The Bowens Creek Fault, which bounds the west side of the Smith River Allochthon, separates blocks that contain the same stratigraphy. If allochthonous at all, the Smith River Allochthon has therefore not been thrusted any great distance.
The rocks of the Smith River Allochthon have been metamorphosed to midde to upper amphibolite facies conditions during the Taconic Orogeny whereas those of Central Virginia only achieved upper greenschist conditions during this event. The Evington Group pelitic schists and gneisses in Altavista exhibit an inverted prograde metamorphism and subsequent retrogression. The Pressure·temperature path for these rocks forms the lower part of a loop from high pressure to lower pressure and higher temperature followed by a nearly isobaric retrogression. Paths of this type are characteristic of terranes that have experienced nappe emplacement. The Altavista area represents the footwall beneath a nappe that has been eroded away because the metamorphic gradient is inverted yet the stratigraphy is upright. Two phases of deformation in this event formed isoclinal folds and refolded isoclinal folds and a pervasive S2 foliation.
The formation of large domes along the Bowens Creek Fault postdates the high grade metamorphism. The structures were formed in a three·stage dextral transpressional event. This Carboniferous dextral transcurrent event is Appalachian wide and well documented in the Brookneal zone to the east. The Bowens Creek Fault is therefore unrelated to the high grade metamorphism, further disproving the existence of the Smith River Allochthon.Ph. D.
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Chan, Heung Ngai. "Petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of Yarlung Tsangpo ophiolites, south Tibet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491339.
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Ophiolite complexes emplaced onto the Indian passive margin sequence in southwest Tibet represent the largest thrust sheet of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust and mantle that is preserved along the Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone (YTSZ). Field observations, petrological, geochemical and geochronological studies have revealed the supra-subduction zone (SSZ) type ophiolitic rocks formed in two different time frames, c. 127-124 Ma and c. ?4 Ma. The Early Cretaceous suite comprises voluminous mantle rocks, with subordinate mafic and ultramafic intrusions, while plutonic rocks are exposed locally. A shear zone complex probably representing a transform fault zone is also present. Geochemical analysis shows that the crustal rocks evolved from MORB-like to IAT to boninitic magmatism. The Late Cretaceous suite is represented by limited exposures of basaltic lavas, which have MORB-like geochemical compositions. Petrographic and geochemical evidence indicates that the majority of the mantle rocks are residues after extraction of MORB-type magma, which subsequently reacted with boninitic melts in a SSZ. Sub-ophiolite melange zones contain diverse rock types set in a serpentinte or mudstone matrix. Amongst a variety of lithologies, mid Jurassic and mid Cretaceous radiolarian cherts are exposed. Alkaline seamount volcanic rocks of inferred mid Cretaceous age were also found interbedded with cherts or overlain by limestones. Ophiolitic tholeiitic rocks were also included in the melange zones, two of which have 4°Ar_39Ar whole rock ages of c. 86 and 106 Ma. Evidence from the ophiolites and associated melange zones suggests that an intra-oceanic subduction zone initiated in the Early Cretaceous in this part of Neo-Tethyan Ocean. This SSZ system continued at least for c. 40 Ma, from the Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous.
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Hillis, Richard R. "The geology and tectonic evolution of the Western Approaches Trough." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14076.
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Collins, Alan Stephen. "Tectonic evolution of Tethys in the Lycian Taurides, southwest Anatolia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14632.
Full textAbstract:
The Lycian Taurides of southwest Anatolia, Turkey, are composed of a series of limestones, peridotites and lithic-rich clastic rocks. Their origin and subsequent tectonic evolution have been the subject of much controversy as the rocks form an integral part of the Tauride belt and provide a well exposed field laboratory for the study of both the opening and closure of Tethys. During this study, field observations of sedimentological, structural and lithological features of the rocks in southwest Anatolia have been combined with geochemical data derived from collected samples, to define a series of thrust- or unconformity-bounded tectonostratigraphic units. These units are: (i) the Lycian Autochthon, encompassing both the unmetamorphosed Lower Jurassic to Miocene rocks to the Bey Daglari Unit in the southeast and Pre-Cambrian to Eocene rocks of the Menderes Metamorphic Massif to the northwest: (ii) the Lycian Thrust Sheets, a series of Carboniferous to Middle Eocene neritic limestones, calci-clastics, turbidites and debris-flow deposits and lithic clastics and volcanics: (iii) the Lycian Mélange, with inclusions of neritic and pelagic limestone, basalts, serpentinite, red and black chert and amphibolite in a highly sheared silt and sandstone matrix: (iv) the Lycian Peridotite Thrust Sheet, a large (-4500km2) Cretaceous unit of serpentinized harzburgite with podiform chromitite and dunite bodies, cut by a series of dolerite dykes and underplated by an amphibolite-grade metamorphic sole: (v) supra-allochthon Palaeogene sediments that unconformably overlie the Lycian Mélange and Oligocene to Lower Miocene terrestrial and shallow-marine sediments of the Tavas Basin. The boundaries between these tectonostratigraphic units display a consistent top-to-the-southeast sense of shear. Therefore, the Lycian Allochthon is interpreted to have originated to the northwest of its present location, i.e. in the Ankara-Izmir Zone north of the Menderes Metamorphic Massif. Evidence for multiple phases of both opening and closure of the southern Tethys ocean were found with the Lycian Thrust Sheets. The earliest evidence of rifting in the region is within Permian rocks, this is manifest by the presence of basalts that have a similar trace-element chemistry to within-plate basalts and are coeval with a deepening event.
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Ascaria, Ngakan Alit. "Carbonate facies development and sedimentary evolution of the Miocene Tacipi formation, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274389.
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Haddad, David. "Lithospheric flexure and the evolution of Australian basins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302396.
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Hoffmann, Nadine [Verfasser]. "Tectonic evolution of the Lake Ohrid Basin (Macedonia/Albania) / Nadine Hoffmann." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049558332/34.
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Viso, Richard. "Mid-Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Pacific-Phoenix-Farallon triple junction /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3186926.
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Isler, Ekrem Bursin. "Late quaternary stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the northeastern Aegean Sea /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2005. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,147122.
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Anderson, Phillip. "THE PROTEROZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF ARIZONA (PRECAMBRIAN, PLATE TECTONICS, VOLCANIC, STRATIGRAPHY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183853.
Full textAbstract:
Archean tectonics are irreconcilable with modern plate tectonics without clearly understanding Proterozoic tectonic accretionary prosesses. Arizona best displays a convergent margin where Proterozoic accretion to an Archean craton generated a new Proterozoic crust from 1800 to 160 Ma. This 12 year study independently formulated a definitive understanding of Arizona's Proterozoic tectonic evolution with new lithologic, petrologic, geochemical, structural and relative age data, and extensive new mapping. The Northwest Gneiss Belt contains an early Proterozoic arkosic clastic wedge at the Wyoming Archean edge, but only intraoceanic elements--Antler-Valentine and Bagdad volcanic belts--on Proterozoic oceanic crust south of the wedge. The Central Volcanic Belt evolved diachronously on oceanic crust: 1800-1750 Ma formative volcanism (Bradshaw Mountain, Mayer, Ash Creek and Black Canyon Creek Groups) stepped SE to form the Prescott-Jerome island arc above a SE-dipping subduction zone; a 1740 Ma NW subduction flip accreted the arc to the Archean craton, evolved I-type plutons of NW alkali-enrichment opposit to arc tholeiites, and formed calc-alkaline Union Hills Group volcanics at the southeast arc front. Except for hiatal Alder Group deposition in structural troughs, the central magmatic arc emerged as the trench stepped southeastward across SE Arizona with flattening of subduction, growth of the Pinal Schist fore-arc basin, 1700 Ma accretion of the Dos Cabenzas arc to the margin, eruption of felsic ignimbrite fans across the central arc front, and Mazatzal Group shallow marine sedimentation across the emergent arc. Proterozoic plate tectonics were subtly different from modern plate tectonics, producing oceanic crust, island arcs and other features very different in detail from modern and Archean analogs. The Proterozoic Plate Tectonic Style warrants clear distinction from those of other eras. This study establishes for Arizona an extensive, accurate and new Proterozoic data base, for central Arizona a detailed relative chronology surpassing isotopic resolution, and a new formal stratigraphic framework to be the foundation for future studies. This dissertation is superceded by a new book on Arizona's Proterozoic Tectonic Evolution, published by the Precambrian Research Institute, 810 Owens Lane, Payson, Arizona, 85541.