Journal articles: 'Tectonic Coupling'

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Pusok, Adina E., Dave R. Stegman, and Madeleine Kerr. "The effect of low-viscosity sediments on the dynamics and accretionary style of subduction margins." Solid Earth 13, no. 9 (September 23, 2022): 1455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1455-2022.

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Abstract. Observations of sediments at subduction margins appear to divide them into two classes: accretionary and erosive. Accretionary margins are dominated by accretion of thick piles of sediments (>1 km) from the subducting plate, while tectonic erosion is favored in regions with little or no sedimentary cover (<1 km). The consequences of the two styles of margins for subduction dynamics remain poorly resolved. In this study, we used 2-D numerical simulations of subduction to investigate how low-viscosity sediments influence subduction dynamics and margin type through plate coupling. We vary the thickness and viscosity of the sediment layer entering subduction, the thickness of the upper plate, and the driving velocity of the subducting plate (i.e., kinematic boundary conditions). Diagnostic parameters are extracted automatically from numerical simulations to analyze the dynamics and differentiate between modes of subduction margin. We identify three margin types based on the extent of viscous coupling in the sediment layer at the subduction interface: (a) tectonic coupling margin, (b) low-angle accretionary wedge margin, and (c) high-angle accretionary wedge margin. In the tectonic coupling case – analogous to an erosive margin – high-viscosity or thin-layer sediments increase coupling at the interface. On the other hand, when the viscous coupling is reduced, sediments are scrapped off the subducting slab to form an accretionary wedge. Models that develop tectonic coupling margins show small radii of curvature, slow convergence rates, and thin subduction interfaces, while models with accretionary margins show large radii of curvature, faster convergence rates, and dynamic accretionary wedges. These diagnostic parameters are then linked with observations of present-day subduction zones.

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Govin, Gwladys, Peter van der Beek, Yani Najman, Ian Millar, Lorenzo Gemignani, Pascale Huyghe, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Matthias Bernet, Chris Mark, and Jan Wijbrans. "Early onset and late acceleration of rapid exhumation in the Namche Barwa syntaxis, eastern Himalaya." Geology 48, no. 12 (July 21, 2020): 1139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47720.1.

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Abstract The Himalayan syntaxes, characterized by extreme rates of rock exhumation co-located with major trans-orogenic rivers, figure prominently in the debate on tectonic versus erosional forcing of exhumation. Both the mechanism and timing of rapid exhumation of the Namche Barwa massif in the eastern syntaxis remain controversial. It has been argued that coupling between crustal rock advection and surface erosion initiated in the late Miocene (8–10 Ma). Recent studies, in contrast, suggest a Quaternary onset of rapid exhumation linked to a purely tectonic mechanism. We report new multisystem detrital thermochronology data from the most proximal Neogene clastic sediments downstream of Namche Barwa and use a thermo-kinematic model constrained by new and published data to explore its exhumation history. Modeling results show that exhumation accelerated to ∼4 km/m.y. at ca. 8 Ma and to ∼9 km/m.y. after ca. 2 Ma. This three-stage history reconciles apparently contradictory evidence for early and late onset of rapid exhumation and suggests efficient coupling between tectonics and erosion since the late Miocene. Quaternary acceleration of exhumation is consistent with river-profile evolution and may be linked to a Quaternary river-capture event.

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Schultz, Colin. "Measuring electrical resistivity to interpret tectonic plate coupling." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 94, no. 50 (December 10, 2013): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013eo500009.

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Hurst, Martin D., Stuart W. D. Grieve, Fiona J. Clubb, and Simon M. Mudd. "Detection of channel-hillslope coupling along a tectonic gradient." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 522 (September 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.018.

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Heise, Wiebke, T. Grant Caldwell, Edward A. Bertrand, Graham J. Hill, Stewart L. Bennie, and Yasuo Ogawa. "Changes in electrical resistivity track changes in tectonic plate coupling." Geophysical Research Letters 40, no. 19 (October 2013): 5029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50959.

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Adams, B. A., K. X. Whipple, A. M. Forte, A. M. Heimsath, and K. V. Hodges. "Climate controls on erosion in tectonically active landscapes." Science Advances 6, no. 42 (October 2020): eaaz3166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz3166.

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The ongoing debate about the nature of coupling between climate and tectonics in mountain ranges derives, in part, from an imperfect understanding of how topography, climate, erosion, and rock uplift are interrelated. Here, we demonstrate that erosion rate is nonlinearly related to fluvial relief with a proportionality set by mean annual rainfall. These relationships can be quantified for tectonically active landscapes, and calculations based on them enable estimation of erosion where observations are lacking. Tests of the predictive power of this relationship in the Himalaya, where erosion is well constrained, affirm the value of our approach. Our model allows estimation of erosion rates in fluvial landscapes using readily available datasets, and the underlying relationship between erosion and rainfall offers the promise of a deeper understanding of how climate and tectonic evolution affect erosion and topography in space and time and of the potential influence of climate on tectonics.

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VÉRARD, CHRISTIAN. "Plate tectonic modelling: review and perspectives." Geological Magazine 156, no. 2 (February 14, 2018): 208–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756817001030.

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AbstractSince the 1970s, numerous global plate tectonic models have been proposed to reconstruct the Earth's evolution through deep time. The reconstructions have proven immensely useful for the scientific community. However, we are now at a time when plate tectonic models must take a new step forward. There are two types of reconstructions: those using a ‘single control’ approach and those with a ‘dual control’ approach. Models using the ‘single control’ approach compile quantitative and/or semi-quantitative data from the present-day world and transfer them to the chosen time slices back in time. The reconstructions focus therefore on the position of tectonic elements but may ignore (partially or entirely) tectonic plates and in particular closed tectonic plate boundaries. For the readers, continents seem to float on the Earth's surface. Hence, the resulting maps look closer to what Alfred Wegener did in the early twentieth century and confuse many people, particularly the general public. With the ‘dual control’ approach, not only are data from the present-day world transferred back to the chosen time slices, but closed plate tectonic boundaries are defined iteratively from one reconstruction to the next. Thus, reconstructions benefit from the wealth of the plate tectonic theory. They are physically coherent and are suited to the new frontier of global reconstruction: the coupling of plate tectonic models with other global models. A joint effort of the whole community of geosciences will surely be necessary to develop the next generation of plate tectonic models.

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Sanità, Edoardo, Jean-Marc Lardeaux, Michele Marroni, and Luca Pandolfi. "Kinematics of the Helminthoid Flysch–Marguareis Unit tectonic coupling: consequences for the tectonic evolution of Western Ligurian Alps." Comptes Rendus. Géoscience 354, G1 (April 8, 2022): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.124.

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Kimura, Jun, Yasuko Yamagishi, and Kei Kurita. "Tectonic history of Europa: Coupling between internal evolution and surface stresses." Earth, Planets and Space 59, no. 2 (February 2007): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03352684.

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McQuarrie, Nadine, Todd A. Ehlers, Jason B. Barnes, and Brendan Meade. "Temporal variation in climate and tectonic coupling in the central Andes." Geology 36, no. 12 (2008): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g25124a.1.

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Wang, Kelin. "Coupling of tectonic loading and earthquake fault slips at subduction zones." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 145, no. 3-4 (1995): 537–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00879588.

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12

Zhu, Sitao, Decheng Ge, Fuxing Jiang, Cunwen Wang, Dong Li, Xiaoguang Shang, Baoliang Zhang, and Zhaoyi Wang. "Rock Burst Mechanism under Coupling Action of Working Face Square and Regional Tectonic Stress." Shock and Vibration 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5538179.

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With the development of faults in many coalfields, many large faults will form a relatively independent area, forming regional tectonic stress concentration. Under the influence of mining, it is easy to induce fault activation, produce mine tremor, and then induce rock burst. Through field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering verification, the overburden movement model of No. 3504 working face square and fault activation in Liangbaosi Coal Mine was established. The stress variation and energy release law of working face advance and fault area were analyzed, and the mechanism of rock burst under the coupling action of working face square and regional tectonic stress was revealed. The results show that the regional stress adjustment and fault activation are caused by the large-scale overall movement of overburden during the working face square, and there is a peak value of elastic energy release during the fault activation, which is easy to produce large energy mine earthquake. The energy level of the daily maximum energy event is higher than that of the initial mining stage in the square period, and the location of on-site large energy microseismic event is basically consistent with the predicted fault strike. The study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of rock burst during the working face square under the condition of regional tectonic stress.

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13

Zwaan, Frank, Pauline Chenin, Duncan Erratt, Gianreto Manatschal, and Guido Schreurs. "Complex rift patterns, a result of interacting crustal and mantle weaknesses, or multiphase rifting? Insights from analogue models." Solid Earth 12, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021.

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Abstract. During lithospheric extension, localization of deformation often occurs along structural weaknesses inherited from previous tectonic phases. Such weaknesses may occur in both the crust and mantle, but the combined effects of these weaknesses on rift evolution remain poorly understood. Here we present a series of 3D brittle–viscous analogue models to test the interaction between differently oriented weaknesses located in the brittle upper crust and/or upper mantle. We find that crustal weaknesses usually express first at the surface, with the formation of grabens parallel to their orientation; then, structures parallel to the mantle weakness overprint them and often become dominant. Furthermore, the direction of extension exerts minimal control on rift trends when inherited weaknesses are present, which implies that present-day rift orientations are not always indicative of past extension directions. We also suggest that multiphase extension is not required to explain different structural orientations in natural rift systems. The degree of coupling between the mantle and upper crust affects the relative influence of the crustal and mantle weaknesses: low coupling enhances the influence of crustal weaknesses, whereas high coupling enhances the influence of mantle weaknesses. Such coupling may vary over time due to progressive thinning of the lower crustal layer, as well as due to variations in extension velocity. These findings provide a strong incentive to reassess the tectonic history of various natural examples.

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Zhu, Xiaomin, Shunli Li, Qianghu Liu, Zili Zhang, Changgui Xu, Xiaofeng Du, Huiyong Li, and Wenlong Shi. "Source to sink studies between the Shaleitian uplift and surrounding sags: Perspectives on the importance of hinterland relief and catchment area for sediment budget, Western Bohai Bay Basin, China." Interpretation 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): ST65—ST84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0027.1.

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Source-to-sink system analysis, a cutting-edge topic in the field of earth science, encompasses the whole system, from erosion and transportation to sediment accumulation on the earth’s surface, and involves multidisciplinary collaboration. This current analysis, based on high-precision 3D seismic data, well logs, and other drilling data, using quantitative characterization of the source-to-sink elements, documents that Archean-Proterozoic migmatitic granite, Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate and clastic rocks, and Mesozoic volcaniclastic rocks are developed in the Shaleitian uplift from south to north across large relief differences (up to 2300 m). The relief and size of the catchment in the source area were calculated by denudation recovery, time-depth conversion and high-resolution interpretation on seismic data. Three types of sediment-transporting channel system and 20 catchment areas ([Formula: see text]) were documented around the edges of the uplift: paleovalley channels, fault-controlled channels, and fault-transfer channels. The Paleogene sink is dominated by near-source coarse-grained depositional systems, with the lithofacies characteristics of low lake level (sand rich), lake transgressive (mud rich), and uplift period (sand rich). Three types of boundary conditions developed in the region of the Shaleitian uplift: fault-related steep-slopes (single or multiple), fault ramps, and slope patterns. The bedrock composition, catchment area, channel systems, and fault-border patterns in the Shaleitian uplift jointly controlled the types and scales of sedimentary sandbodies. The south Shaleitian tectonic zone functioned as a high-efficiency coupling system in which reservoir sandbodies were developed (extensive length distance, with well-sorted and round-grained sediments, but weak physical properties). The coupling system for the southwest and west Shaleitian tectonic zones is subordinate (near source and sand rich, sand and mud interbedded, and weak physical properties). The coupling system of the northeast Shaleitian tectonic zone is lowest in efficiency (relatively mud rich).

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Maesano, Francesco Emanuele, and Chiara D'Ambrogi. "Coupling sedimentation and tectonic control: Pleistocene evolution of the central Po Basin." Italian Journal of Geosciences 135, no. 3 (October 2016): 394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2015.17.

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Wallace, L. M., A. Fagereng, and S. Ellis. "Upper plate tectonic stress state may influence interseismic coupling on subduction megathrusts." Geology 40, no. 10 (July 23, 2012): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g33373.1.

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Zhang, Chaolin, Enyuan Wang, Jiang Xu, and Shoujian Peng. "Experimental Investigation on Mechanics and Seepage Characteristics of Tectonic and Intact Coal Containing Gas." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 18, 2020): 7290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207290.

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Coalbed methane is a double-edged sword with two attributes of energy and hazard in coal mines. Gas drainage is the most direct and effective measure for gas recovery and disaster prevention in coal mines, which is seriously affected by the mechanics and seepage characteristics of coal. In this work, we experimentally simulated the triaxial compression and gas depletion processes using both tectonic coal and intact coal. The mechanics and seepage characteristics of tectonic and intact coal under the coupling effect of stress and gas pressure were analyzed and compared. The results show that during the triaxial compression, the damage stress and peak stress of tectonic coal is only half that of intact coal, while their compaction stress or residual stress are almost the same. Meanwhile, the permeability recovery value after tectonic coal failure is very limited, even smaller than that of intact coal, although its primary permeability is much larger than that of intact coal. On the contrary, the permeability recovery value after intact coal failure is more than twice of its primary permeability. During the gas depletion, the rebound gas pressure of tectonic coal is smaller than that of intact coal, and the permeability of tectonic coal is one order of magnitude larger than that of intact coal before the gas pressure drops to 2 MPa. The broken of tectonic coal and the low permeability of intact coal may be the two principal reasons. Therefore, in the tectonic coal area, the gas extraction time at high gas pressure stage should be stabilized, while in the intact coal area, the gas extraction time at low gas pressure stage should be increased, and the coal permeability enhancement measures should be combined to achieve the goal of high and stable production of coalbed methane.

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Liu, Weijing, Keyu Liu, Jianliang Liu, and Yifan Zhang. "Geomorphologic evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau in the Quaternary: Tectonic and climatic controls." Interpretation 10, no. 1 (November 19, 2021): T57—T72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2020-0236.1.

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Situated in the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Qaidam Basin is the largest Cenozoic terrestrial intermountain (enclosed) basin in the world. It is an ideal place for understanding the coupling control of tectonics and climate on sedimentary evolution. Numerous studies on the Quaternary sedimentary evolution of the Qaidam Basin have been done, most of which are local, conceptual, and qualitative in nature. We have investigated the entire Qaidam Basin and its surrounding mountains quantitatively as a single entity to probe the Quaternary evolution of the basin-range system in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We used a basin and landscape dynamics ( Badlands) modeling algorithm that is capable of modeling landscape evolution by simulating erosion, sediment transport, and deposition in a source-to-sink context by considering climate changes and tectonic uplift/subsidence. We have simulated the evolution of the Qaidam Basin and its surrounding mountains since 2.5 Ma quantitatively. Tectonic uplift and climate changes appear to have a direct impact on the denudation and deposition rates, but the impact varies through time. The deposition in the Qaidam Basin was mainly affected by tectonic movement during the period of 2.5–0.6 Ma, reaching a maximum deposition thickness of 2130 m at the end of 0.6 Ma, which was prevailed by climate after 0.6 Ma during the last four glacial-interglacial periods, reaching a maximum deposition thickness of 3200 m. The Qilian Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains contributed the bulk sediments to the Qaidam Basin of approximately 35% and 40%, respectively. The Altun Mountains made a significant contribution to the sediments in the Qaidam Basin during the early period of the Quaternary from 2.5 to 2.4 Ma due to a high denudation rate. The findings provide new insights for analyzing geomorphic and landscape evolution as well as source-to-sink systems in the Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or elsewhere.

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Gori, Stefano, Emanuela Falcucci, Chiara Ladina, Simone Marzorati, and Fabrizio Galadini. "Active faulting, 3-D geological architecture and Plio-Quaternary structural evolution of extensional basins in the central Apennine chain, Italy." Solid Earth 8, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-8-319-2017.

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Abstract. The general basin and range Apennine topographic characteristic is generally attributed to the presently active normal fault systems, whose long-term activity (throughout the Quaternary) is supposed to have been responsible for the creation of morphological/structural highs and lows. By coupling field geological survey and geophysical investigations, we reconstructed the 3-D geological model of an inner tectonic basin of the central Apennines, the Subequana Valley, bounded to the northeast by the southern segment of one of the major active and seismogenic normal faults of the Apennines, known as the Middle Aterno Valley–Subequana Valley fault system. Our analyses revealed that, since the late Pliocene, the basin evolved in a double half-graben configuration through a polyphase tectonic development. An early phase, Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene in age, was controlled by the ENE–WSW-striking and SSE-dipping Avezzano–Bussi fault, that determined the formation of an early depocentre towards the N–NW. Subsequently, the main fault became the NW–SE-striking faults, which drove the formation during the Quaternary of a new fault-related depocentre towards the NE. By considering the available geological information, a similar structural evolution has likely involved three close tectonic basins aligned along the Avezzano–Bussi fault, namely the Fucino Basin, the Subequana Valley, and the Sulmona Basin, and it has been probably experienced by other tectonic basins of the chain. The present work therefore points out the role of pre-existing transverse tectonic structures, inherited by previous tectonic phases, in accommodating the ongoing tectonic deformation and, consequently, in influencing the structural characteristics of the major active normal faults. This has implications in terms of earthquake fault rupture propagation and segmentation. Lastly, the morpho-tectonic setting of the Apennine chain results from the superposition of deformation events whose geological legacy must be considered in a wider evolutionary perspective. Our results testify that a large-scale basin and range geomorphological feature – often adopted for morpho-tectonic and kinematic evaluations in active extensional contexts, as in the Apennines – just led by range-bounding active normal faults may be actually simplistic, as it could not be applied everywhere, owing to peculiar complexities of the local tectonic histories.

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Murphy, J. R., and C. B. Archambeau. "Variability in explosion body-wave magnitudes: An analysis of the RULISON/GASBUGGY anomaly." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 1087–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0760041087.

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Abstract An analysis of the RULISON/GASBUGGY mb anomaly is presented which encompasses comparative studies of near-regional, regional, and teleseismic data recorded from these two explosions, as well as theoretical simulation analyses of selected near-regional and teleseismic data sets. Previously proposed explanations for this mb anomaly, such as differences in explosive source coupling and variations in upper mantle attenuation beneath the two test sites, are critically examined and shown to be inconsistent with various aspects of the observed data. However, both long-period and short-period evidence is presented, which indicates that significant tectonic release accompanied the RULISON explosion. It is demonstrated that the short-period, near-regional SH observations from RULISON can be theoretically explained by an explosion-induced tectonic release equivalent to a 250 to 300 bar stress drop at the elastic radius of the explosion. The inferred prestress field is homogeneous to first order and oriented as a pure shear on planes dipping at about 45°, with normal, or dip-slip displacements occurring as a consequence of stress relaxation. Such a tectonic release mechanism would be expected to decrease the associated explosion mb value by more than 0.3 units and, therefore, can provide a quantitative explanation of the observed RULISON/GASBUGGY mb anomaly. We conclude that tectonic release can significantly affect the short-period teleseismic P waves from explosions, at least in cases where the tectonic stress is large and favorably oriented.

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Bird, P. "Plate-Tectonic Analysis of Shallow Seismicity: Apparent Boundary Width, Beta, Corner Magnitude, Coupled Lithosphere Thickness, and Coupling in Seven Tectonic Settings." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 94, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 2380–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030107.

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Li, Yanchuan, Xinjian Shan, and Chunyan Qu. "Geodetic Constraints on the Crustal Deformation along the Kunlun Fault and Its Tectonic Implications." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (July 28, 2019): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151775.

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This study focuses on the crustal deformation and interseismic fault coupling along the strike-slip Kunlun fault, northern Tibet, whose western segment ruptured in the 2001 Mw 7.8 Kokoxili earthquake. We first integrated published Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity solutions and calculated strain rate fields covering the Kunlun fault. Our results show abnormally high post-earthquake strain rate values across the ruptures; furthermore, these exceed those in pre-earthquake data. Together with two tracks of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations (2003–2010) and position time-series data from two continuous GPS sites, we show that the postseismic deformation of the Kokoxili earthquake may continue up to 2014; and that the postseismic transients of the earthquake affect the 2001–2014 GPS velocity solutions. We then processed the GPS data observed in 2014–2017 and obtained a dense interseismic velocity field for the northern Tibet. Using a fault dislocation model in a Bayesian framework, we estimated the slip rates and fault coupling on the Kunlun fault in 1991–2001 and 2014–2017. Results show an increase of slip rates and eastward migration of high fault coupling on the Kunlun fault after 2001. We propose the temporal variations are a result of the eastward accelerating movement, as a whole, of the Bayanhar block, whose boundaries were decoupled by several large earthquakes since 1997. Moreover, our results show the accumulated elastic strains along the Alake Lake-Tuosuo Lake segments could be balanced by an Mw 7.4–7.7 earthquake.

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Nakada, Masao. "Convective coupling between ductile lower crust and upper mantle, and its tectonic implications." Geophysical Journal International 118, no. 3 (September 1994): 579–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1994.tb03986.x.

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Ye, Zhenni, Enke Hou, Huantong Li, Zhonghui Duan, and Fan Wu. "Analysis of Gas Content and Permeability Change Pattern of a Coal Reservoir in the Tectonic Positions Based on a THM Coupled Model." Geofluids 2021 (February 23, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5562545.

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The theory of coalbed methane distribution controlled by tectonism is a hot issue in the field of geofluid-geotectonic interaction research. Taking the geological structure in the scale range of the 1302 working face of a Guojiahe wellfield in a Yonglong mining area as the background, this paper focuses on the basic research problem of the influence of geological structure on the control of coal reservoir gas content and uses a THM coupling model to analyze the change of coalbed gas content and distribution characteristics of different tectonic positions. The change of CBM content and permeability in the anticline, syncline, and faults is analyzed. Accordingly, the variation distance of gas content and reservoir permeability controlled by tectonism of different geological structures is quantified to provide guidance for the selection of CBM-favorable areas. The research results show that the gentle dip syncline hinge zone is a potential gas-rich area with heat preservation and low permeability, while the gentle dip anticline hinge zone is a gas-poor area with low temperature and low pressure and high permeability. The thick coal seam zone of the syncline hinge zone is the potential gas accumulation zone, and the high-permeability area is near the fault plane of a normal fault. The coal matrix near the normal fault is subjected to tensile tectonic stresses to form tensional fissures, and the coal seam in the fault plane area is susceptible to coalbed gas dispersion and increases the permeability of the coal reservoir. The variation distance of gas content and reservoir permeability controlled by the normal fault within the Guojiahe wellfield is 37 m and 54 m from the fault plane, respectively.

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Tranel, Lisa, and James Spotila. "Relief History and Coupling of Erosional Processes in the Teton Range, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 30 (January 1, 2006): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2006.3683.

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Erosional processes influence topographic relief in mountain landscapes, but the spatial variation between differential processes and influence on tectonic uplift is poorly understood. Deep canyons and adjacent high peaks distinguish the Teton Mountains from nearby ranges, making it an ideal location to study how glacial, fluvial, and hillslope erosion interact to maintain high topographic relief. The purpose of this study is to quantify erosion rates of individual geomorphic processes in this complex system using a variety of techniques to see how each process contributes to landscape evolution in this mountain range.

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Sobolev, S. V., and A. Y. Babeyko. "What drives orogeny in the Andes?" Geology 33, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g21557ar.1.

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Abstract The Andes, the world's second highest orogenic belt, were generated by the Cenozoic tectonic shortening of the South American plate margin overriding the subducting Nazca plate. We use a coupled thermomechanical numerical modeling technique to identify factors controlling the intensity of the tectonic shortening. From the modeling, we infer that the most important factor was accelerated westward drift of the South American plate; changes in the subduction rate were less important. Other important factors are crustal structure of the overriding plate and shear coupling at the plates' interface. The model with a thick (40–45 km at 30 Ma) South American crust and relatively high friction coefficient (0.05) at the Nazca–South American interface generates >300 km of tectonic shortening during 30–35 m.y. and replicates the crustal structure and evolution of the high central Andes. The model with an initially thinner (<40 km) continental crust and lower friction coefficient (<0.015) results in <40 km of South American plate shortening, replicating the situation in the southern Andes. Our modeling also demonstrates the important role of the processes leading to mechanical weakening of the overriding plate during tectonic shortening, such as lithospheric delamination, triggered by the gabbro-eclogite transformation in the thickened continental lower crust, and mechanical failure of the sediment cover at the shield margin.

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Ellis, Susan, Christopher Beaumont, Rebecca A. Jamieson, and Garry Quinlan. "Continental collision including a weak zone: the vise model and its application to the Newfoundland Appalachians." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1323–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e97-100.

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Continental collision generally occurs after a protracted history of rifting, sedimentation, and subduction. Inherited material heterogeneities and thermal effects from terrane accretion and amalgamation may control subsequent collisional deformation. Such strength contrasts may have played an important role in the Silurian evolution of the Newfoundland Appalachians. A cross-sectional plane-strain numerical model is used to investigate the effect of a weak zone embedded between stronger model crust (the "vise") on the deformation style of orogens. In contrast to collision of uniform strong crust in which deformation is directly related to the underlying subduction of mantle lithosphere, deformation in vise models can propagate out to the ends of the vise in a diffuse manner. This distributed tectonic style depends on the relative strength of the embedded weak zone, the degree of coupling of this zone to underlying layers, and the effect of gravity acting on thickened crust. For weak coupling at the base of the crust, results are insensitive to the behaviour of the underlying model mantle (e.g., subduction, subduction retreat, or pure-shear thickening). Vise model results are in first-order agreement with the following characteristics of Newfoundland Silurian tectonics: (i) a diffuse deformation style distributed over a weak core zone more than 100 km wide, (ii) lack of indirect evidence of mantle dynamics from crustal reflectivity fabric, and (iii) lack of clear evidence for significant crustal thickening during orogeny.

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King, Georgina E., Floriane Ahadi, Shigeru Sueoka, Frédéric Herman, Leif Anderson, Cécile Gautheron, Sumiko Tsukamoto, et al. "Eustatic change modulates exhumation in the Japanese Alps." Geology 51, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g050599.1.

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Abstract The exhumation of bedrock is controlled by the interplay between tectonics, surface processes, and climate. The highest exhumation rates of centimeters per year are recorded in zones of highly active tectonic convergence such as the Southern Alps of New Zealand or the Himalayan syntaxes, where high rock uplift rates combine with very active surface processes. Using a combination of different thermochronometric systems including trapped-charge thermochronometry, we show that such rates also occur in the Hida Mountain Range, Japanese Alps. Our results imply that centimeter per year rates of exhumation are more common than previously thought. Our thermochronometry data allow the development of time series of exhumation rate changes at the time scale of glacial-interglacial cycles, which show a fourfold increase in baseline rates to rates of ∼10 mm/yr within the past ∼65 k.y. This increase in exhumation rate is likely explained by knickpoint propagation due to a combination of very high precipitation rates, climatic change, sea-level fall, range-front faulting, and moderate rock uplift. Our data resolve centimeter-scale sub-Quaternary exhumation rate changes, which show that in regions with horizontal convergence, coupling between climate, surface processes, and tectonics can exert a significant and rapid effect on rates of exhumation.

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Liangshu, SHU, WANG Bo, YANG Fan, LU Huafu, J. CHARVET, and S. LAURENT-CHARVET. "Polyphase Tectonic Events and Cenozoic Basin-Range Coupling in the Tianshan Belt, Northwestern China." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 77, no. 4 (September 7, 2010): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00126.x.

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Nan, Feng, Zhi Qiang Kang, and Fu Ping Li. "Numerical Simulation and Engineering Application of Bolt’s Supporting in Tectonic Stress Field." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7691.

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Roadway bolt supporting, which relates the equations such as ground stress, mechanical property of surrounding rock and bolt supporting structure, is an engineering problem of rock and structure coupling. Three-dimensional developing entry bolt supporting aided design system was developed by using ANSYS finite element software. Supporting function mechanics of coal roadway bolt supporting was analyzed and calculated. The effects of bolt supporting under similar conditions on roadway deformation, stress and displacement field around the roadway was mainly studied. The simulation results were applied in bolt supporting engineering of a coal mine 2395 entity coal roadway, and excellent supporting results were obtained which provides good experience for further generalization and application.

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31

Qin, K., L. X. Wu, A. De Santis, J. Meng, W. Y. Ma, and G. Cianchini. "Quasi-synchronous multi-parameter anomalies associated with the 2010–2011 New Zealand earthquake sequence." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2012): 1059–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1059-2012.

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Abstract. Positive thermal anomalies about one month before the 3 September 2010 Mw = 7.1 New Zealand earthquake and "coincidental" quasi-synchronous fluctuations of GPS displacement were reported. Whether there were similar phenomena associated with the aftershocks? To answer it, the following was investigated: multiple parameters including surface and near-surface air temperature, surface latent heat flux, GPS displacement and soil moisture, using a long-term statistical analysis method. We found that local thermal and deformation anomalies appeared quasi-synchronously in three particular tectonic zones, not only about one month before the mainshock, but also tens of days before the 21 February 2011 Mw = 6.3 aftershock, and that the time series of soil moisture on the epicenter pixel had obvious peaks on most of the anomalous days. Based on local tectonic geology, hydrology and meteorology, the particular lithosphere-coversphere-atmosphere coupling mode is interpreted and four mechanisms (magmatic-hydrothermal fluids upwelling, soil moisture increasing, underground pore gases leaking, and positive holes activating and recombining) are discussed.

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PAN, Chengyu, Hongxu LIU, Zhengle CHEN, Fei GAO, Xiao ZHANG, Shixin SUO, Feng CHENG, Yongwen WANG, and Yunfei MENG. "The Coupling Relationship Research between Sandstone Type Uranium Mineralization and Yili Basin Sedimentary-tectonic Evolution." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 88, s2 (December 2014): 1377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12381_20.

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CAO, Daiyong, Xiaoming LI, and Juemei DENG. "Coupling Effect Between Coalification and Tectonic-thermal Events—Geological Records of Geodynamics of Sedimentary Basin." Earth Science Frontiers 16, no. 4 (July 2009): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-5791(08)60092-5.

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Lenardic, A., A. M. Jellinek, B. Foley, C. O'Neill, and W. B. Moore. "Climate-tectonic coupling: Variations in the mean, variations about the mean, and variations in mode." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 121, no. 10 (October 2016): 1831–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016je005089.

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35

Byrne, Paul K., Richard C. Ghail, A. M. Celâl Şengör, Peter B. James, Christian Klimczak, and Sean C. Solomon. "A globally fragmented and mobile lithosphere on Venus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 26 (June 21, 2021): e2025919118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025919118.

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Venus has been thought to possess a globally continuous lithosphere, in contrast to the mosaic of mobile tectonic plates that characterizes Earth. However, the Venus surface has been extensively deformed, and convection of the underlying mantle, possibly acting in concert with a low-strength lower crust, has been suggested as a source of some surface horizontal strains. The extent of surface mobility on Venus driven by mantle convection, however, and the style and scale of its tectonic expression have been unclear. We report a globally distributed set of crustal blocks in the Venus lowlands that show evidence for having rotated and/or moved laterally relative to one another, akin to jostling pack ice. At least some of this deformation on Venus postdates the emplacement of the locally youngest plains materials. Lithospheric stresses calculated from interior viscous flow models consistent with long-wavelength gravity and topography are sufficient to drive brittle failure in the upper Venus crust in all areas where these blocks are present, confirming that interior convective motion can provide a mechanism for driving deformation at the surface. The limited but widespread lithospheric mobility of Venus, in marked contrast to the tectonic styles indicative of a static lithosphere on Mercury, the Moon, and Mars, may offer parallels to interior–surface coupling on the early Earth, when global heat flux was substantially higher, and the lithosphere generally thinner, than today.

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Ganti, Vamsi, Christoph von Hagke, Dirk Scherler, Michael P. Lamb, Woodward W. Fischer, and Jean-Philippe Avouac. "Time scale bias in erosion rates of glaciated landscapes." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (October 2016): e1600204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600204.

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Deciphering erosion rates over geologic time is fundamental for understanding the interplay between climate, tectonic, and erosional processes. Existing techniques integrate erosion over different time scales, and direct comparison of such rates is routinely done in earth science. On the basis of a global compilation, we show that erosion rate estimates in glaciated landscapes may be affected by a systematic averaging bias that produces higher estimated erosion rates toward the present, which do not reflect straightforward changes in erosion rates through time. This trend can result from a heavy-tailed distribution of erosional hiatuses (that is, time periods where no or relatively slow erosion occurs). We argue that such a distribution can result from the intermittency of erosional processes in glaciated landscapes that are tightly coupled to climate variability from decadal to millennial time scales. In contrast, we find no evidence for a time scale bias in spatially averaged erosion rates of landscapes dominated by river incision. We discuss the implications of our findings in the context of the proposed coupling between climate and tectonics, and interpreting erosion rate estimates with different averaging time scales through geologic time.

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Gao, Haiying, and Maureen D. Long. "Tectonics and Geodynamics of the Cascadia Subduction Zone." Elements 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.4.226.

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The Cascadia subduction zone, where the young and thin oceanic Juan de Fuca plate sinks beneath western North America, represents a thermally hot endmember of global subduction systems. Cascadia exhibits complex and three-dimensional heterogeneities including variable coupling between the overriding and downgoing plates, the amount of water carried within and released by the oceanic plate, flow patterns within the mantle wedge and backarc, and the continuity and depth extent of the subducting slab. While recent research has benefitted from extensive onshore and offshore deployments of geophysical instrumentation, a consensus on many important aspects of Cascadia’s magmatic, tectonic, and geodynamic setting remains elusive.

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38

Wu, Lin, Fei Wang, Jinhui Yang, Yinzhi Wang, Weibin Zhang, Liekun Yang, and Wenbei Shi. "Meso-Cenozoic uplift of the Taihang Mountains, North China: evidence from zircon and apatite thermochronology." Geological Magazine 157, no. 7 (December 17, 2019): 1097–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819001377.

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AbstractThe Taihangshan Mountain Belt, in the central North China Craton, represents an important crustal and tectonic boundary. To explore the complex tectonic evolution of this area during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic, we gathered zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He thermochronology data along a vertical transect (elevation of 630−1584 m) of the northern part of the Taihang Mountain Belt. From our data, we observed three separate rapid cooling phases that occurred at 100 Ma, 50−40 Ma and 27 Ma. Combined with previously published geochronological ages, we suggest that the uplift of the Taihang Mountain Belt initiated during the Jurassic and experienced multiphase rapid uplift from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic. The early Cretaceous rapid cooling/uplifting events are widespread in the North China Craton and are caused by the collision between the Okhotomorsk Block and the East Asian continental margin. The Eocene and Oligocene rapid cooling events correspond to the initial rifting and thermal subsidence of the Bohai Bay Basin, indicating a coupling between the creation of basins and mountains.

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39

Spörli, K. B. "Tectonic Controls on Cenozoic Sedimentation in the North Island New Zealand." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 6, no. 2 (April 1988): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600204.

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Cenozoic deformation of the North Island was dominated by the “closure” of the Challenger Rift and the establishment of the presently active subduction system. The initiation of subduction-related volcanic chains and their subsequent migration influenced the source of clastic material deposited in the Neogene basins. Uplift patterns, shoreline and drainage configurations were governed by complex 3-D distortion of the transition between the Alpine Fault system in the south and the Hikurangi through subduction system in the north. Along the Pacific side of the island, in Northland, some “piggy back” basins were formed on allochthonous pockets of sediments involved in obduction of ocean floor rocks onto the North island. Clockwise rotation on the east coast region and alternate coupling and decoupling across the subduction thrust created short-lived forearc basins. Axial ranges, and derivation of gravels from them are younger than 1 m y B.P. A very young, still active cross structure due to oblique subduction led to the formation of South Taranaki Bight, caused differences in the width of the axial ranges along their length and may be the reason for the peculiar coastal indentation of Hawke Bay.

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Chen, Jie. "Tectonic-climate coupling in the Kongur of Chinese Pamir, as revealed from multi-low-temperature thermochronology." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.07.382.

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41

Liang, Jintong, Hongliang Wang, Ying Bai, Xinyuan Ji, and Xuemei Duo. "Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin and its coupling relationship with Pacific Plate subduction." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 127 (September 2016): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.06.012.

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42

Kanaori, Yuji, Shin-ichi Kawakami, and Kenji Yairi. "Seismotectonics of the Median Tectonic Line in southwest Japan: Implications for coupling among major fault systems." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 142, no. 3-4 (1994): 589–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00876056.

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43

Horton, Brian K. "Tectonic Regimes of the Central and Southern Andes: Responses to Variations in Plate Coupling During Subduction." Tectonics 37, no. 2 (February 2018): 402–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017tc004624.

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44

McArthur, Adam D., Julien Bailleul, Geoffroy Mahieux, Barbara Claussmann, Alex Wunderlich, and William D. McCaffrey. "Deformation–sedimentation feedback and the development of anomalously thick aggradational turbidite lobes: Outcrop and subsurface examples from the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 362–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.013.

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ABSTRACT Concepts of the interaction between autogenic (e.g., flow process) and allogenic (e.g., tectonics) controls on sedimentation have advanced to a state that allows the controlling forces to be distinguished. Here we examine outcropping and subsurface Neogene deep-marine clastic systems that traversed the Hikurangi subduction margin via thrust-bounded trench-slope basins, providing an opportunity to examine the interplay of structural deformation and deep-marine sedimentation. Sedimentary logging and mapping of Miocene outcrops from the exhumed portion of the subduction wedge record heavily amalgamated, sand-rich lobe complexes, up to 200 m thick, which accumulated behind NE–SW-oriented growth structures. There was no significant deposition from low-density parts of the gravity flows in the basin center, although lateral fringes demonstrate fining and thinning indicative of deposits from low-density flows. Seismic data from the offshore portion of the margin show analogous lobate reflector geometries. These deposits accumulate into complexes up to 5 km wide, 8 km long, and 300 m thick, comparable in scale with the outcropping lobes on this margin. Mapping reveals lobe complexes that are vertically stacked behind thrusts. These results illustrate repeated trapping of the sandier parts of turbidity currents to form aggradational lobe complexes, with the finer-grained suspended load bypassing to areas downstream. However, the repeated development of lobes characterized by partial bypass implies that a feedback mechanism operates to perpetuate a partial confinement condition, via rejuvenation of accommodation. The mechanism proposed is a coupling of sediment loading and deformation rate, such that load-driven subsidence focuses stress on basin-bounding faults and perpetuates generation of accommodation in the basin, hence modulating tectonic forcing. Recognition of such a mechanism has implications for understanding the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of deep-marine fold and thrust belts and the distribution of resources within them.

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Lythgoe, Karen, Aidan Loasby, Dannie Hidayat, and Shengji Wei. "Seismic event detection in urban Singapore using a nodal array and frequency domain array detector: earthquakes, blasts and thunderquakes." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 3 (April 6, 2021): 1542–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab135.

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SUMMARY Detection of seismic events at or below the noise level is enabled by the use of dense arrays of receivers and corresponding advances in data analysis methods. It is not only important to detect tectonic events, but also events from man-made, non-earthquake sources and events that originate from coupling between the solid Earth and the atmosphere. In urban environments with high ambient noise levels the effectiveness of event detection methods is unclear, particularly when deployment restrictions result in an irregular receiver array geometry. Here, we deploy a dense nodal array for 1 month in the highly populated city state of Singapore. We develop a new detection method based on image processing that we call spectrogram stacking, which detects anomalous, coherent spectral energy across the array. It simultaneously detects multiple classes of signal with differing spectral content and aids event classification, so it is particularly useful for signal exploration when signal characteristics are unknown. Our approach detects more local events compared to the traditional short-term average over long-term average and waveform similarity methods, while all methods detect similar numbers of teleseismic and regional earthquakes. Local events are principally man-made non-earthquake sources, with several events from the same location exhibiting repeating waveforms. The closest earthquake occurs in peninsular Malaysia, in an area where no earthquakes have previously been detected. We also detect ground motion over a wide frequency range from discrete thunder events that show complex coupling between acoustic and elastic wavefield propagation. We suggest that care should be taken deciphering local high-frequency tectonic events in areas prone to thunder storms.

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Bouziat, Guy, Frey, Colombo, Colin, Cacas-Stentz, and Cornu. "An Assessment of Stress States in Passive Margin Sediments: Iterative Hydro-Mechanical Simulations on Basin Models and Implications for Rock Failure Predictions." Geosciences 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110469.

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Capturing the past and present hydro-mechanical behavior of passive margin sediments raises noticeable interest, notably in geo-hazard risk assessment and hydrocarbon exploration. In this work, we aim at assessing the stress states undergone by these sedimentary deposits through geological time. To do so, we use an iterative coupling between a basin simulator and a finite element mechanical solver. This method conciliates a computation of the full stress tensors with a dynamic and geologically detailed modelling of the sedimentation. It is carried out on a dedicated set of 2D synthetic basin models, designed to be representative of siliciclastic deposition in passive margins and integrating variations in their geological history. Contrary to common assumptions in operational basin modelling studies, our results imply that passive margin sedimentary wedges are multidimensional mechanical systems, which endure significant non-vertical stress without external tectonic input. Our results also highlight the variability of the stress states through space and time, with a strong control from the geometry and lithological heterogeneities of the deposits. Lastly, we used the simulation results to predict a location and timing for the development of weakness zones in the sedimentary stacks, as privileged areas for rock failure. The outcome underlines the influence of the basal tilt angle, with a slight tilt impacting the wedges stability to a similar extent as a substantial increase in sedimentation rate. Altogether, this study emphasizes the need for careful consideration of non-vertical stresses in basin simulations, including in passive tectonic contexts. It also suggests that the iterative coupling method employed is a promising way to match industrial needs in this regard.

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Xu, Xitong, Shengbo Chen, Yan Yu, and Sen Zhang. "Atmospheric Anomaly Analysis Related to Ms > 6.0 Earthquakes in China during 2020–2021." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 4052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204052.

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The attention towards links of atmospheric parameter variation and earthquakes has increased exponentially by utilizing new methods and more accurate observations. Persistent research makes it possible to gain insight into the precursor mechanism of earthquakes. In this paper, we studied the universality of detecting atmospheric anomalies associated with earthquakes based on tidal force fluctuation in China for earthquakes of Ms > 6.0, and explored the influence of tidal force on tectonic stress. The data of air temperature, geopotential height, ozone mixing ratio, and relative humidity from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were analyzed to reveal the spatiotemporal variation of atmospheric anomalies at multiple isobaric surfaces. Furthermore, the coupling of atmospheric parameters was investigated. The results showed that continuous solicitation exerted by tidal forces could change the strength of tectonic stress that causes earthquakes. The evolution pattern of air temperature, geopotential height, and relative humidity could be supported by atmospheric thermal vertical diffusion, while the anomalies of ozone mixing ratio was not evident. This verified the feasibility of detecting multi-parameter atmospheric anomalies associated with earthquakes based on tidal force fluctuation. Our results provide more evidence for understanding the atmospheric precursor characteristics of earthquakes.

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Trzeciak, Maciej, Marcin Dabrowski, and Marek Jarosiński. "Stress distribution models in layered, viscoelastic sedimentary basins under tectonic and glacial loads." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 2 (October 17, 2019): 768–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz469.

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SUMMARY Knowledge about the stress state in sedimentary basins gives insight into geodynamics of a given region, natural fracture development and is important in design of underground engineering operations, such as hydraulic fracturing. As the direct stress measurements are expensive, usually very limited amount of data is available, and the stress state assessment bases on theoretical models. In this work, we review the commonly used stress prediction models. We focus especially on the ones which take into account material viscoelasticity, and stress transfer between layers characterized by different mechanical properties. We extend the stress-driven elastic model to material viscoelasticity, and we apply it to predict stress changes during last glacial cycle in the Baltic basin, northern Poland. We conclude that neglecting material viscoelasticity in creeping rocks like shales or rock salt may lead to erroneous stress prediction, and that coupling of the layers induces stress transfer among layers, and together with stress relaxation in ductile layers may result in significant stress amplification in strong (elastic) layers. Finally, we emphasize the crucial role of initial stress assessment.

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Guo, J., W. Li, Y. Jiao, and S. Liang. "Tectonic‒Thermal Coupling Metallogenic Models of Tethys Himalaya Pb‒Zn‒Sb‒Au Belt in Post-Collisional Stage." Geotectonics 53, no. 2 (March 2019): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016852119020043.

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Zhou, Zaizheng, Sanzhong Li, Lingli Guo, Xiyao Li, Zhaoxia Jiang, Yongjiang Liu, Yang Li, et al. "Palaeomagnetic assessment of tectonic rotation in Northeast Asia：implications for the coupling of intracontinental deformation and mantle convection." International Geology Review 62, no. 17 (November 17, 2019): 2166–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2019.1689532.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tectonic Coupling'

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